hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Buchanan (bishop)
Colin Ogilvie Buchanan (9 August 1934 – 29 November 2023) was a British Anglican bishop and academic who specialised in liturgy. He served as the principal of St John's College, Nottingham (1979–1985), Bishop of Aston (1985–1989) and Bishop of Woolwich (1996–2004).

Bishop of Aston
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Aston is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Birmingham, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after Aston, an area of the City of Birmingham; the See was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888, by Order in Council dated 15 July 1954. The suffragan bishop of Aston assists the diocesan bishop of Birmingham, sharing Episcopal oversight throughout the diocese.

Esther Prior has been the Bishop of Aston since February 2025; the bishop's residence is Bishop's Lodge, Sutton Coldfield.
Fabien Galthié
Fabien Galthié (French pronunciation: [fabjɛ̃ ɡaltie]; born 20 March 1969) is a French rugby union coach and former player, currently the head coach of the France national team.

His usual position was at scrum-half. He played much of his club rugby for Colomiers, and later on in his career, Stade Français. Galthié won 64 caps for France, including playing in four Rugby World Cups, as well as captaining the side at the 2003 World Cup. Former France national coach Bernard Laporte has described him as the greatest scrum-half in French history. He was the IRB International Player of the Year in 2002.

Since retiring as a player, Galthié has coached Stade Français, Montpellier and Toulon in the French Top 14 competition. In 2019 he became an assistant coach of the France national team, and became head coach in 2020. In 2022, he led France to a Six Nations Grand Slam. In 2025, he led France to another Six Nations Championship.

Montpellier Hérault Rugby
Montpellier Hérault Rugby (MHR) (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃pɛlje eʁo ʁyɡbi klœb, -pəl-]; Occitan: Montpelhièr Erau Rugbi Club) is a French professional rugby union club, based in Montpellier, Occitanie and named after the Hérault department. The club competes in the top level of the French league system, the Top 14. They originally played at Stade Sabathé (capacity 5,000) but moved in 2007 to the Stade Yves-du-Manoir, later known as Altrad Stadium, and since renamed the GGL Stadium. They wear white and blue.
2007 Machap by-election
The 2007 Machap by-election was held on 12 April 2007. The seat in the state assembly of Malacca, Malaysia, fell vacant after the incumbent, Datuk Wira Poh Ah Tiam of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), died on 15 March that year. On 21 March 2007, the Election Commission of Malaysia (EC) announced 3 April 2007 as the nomination day and 12 April 2007 the election date. The MCA candidate, Lai Meng Chong eventually defeated the opposition candidate of Liou Chen Kuang, with a reduced majority compared to the previous 2004 election.

Election Commission of Malaysia
The Election Commission of Malaysia (Malay: Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia; Jawi: سوروهنجاي ڤيليهن راي مليسيا‎‎‎), abbreviated SPR or EC, is a commission set up for ensuring fair and equitable operations in undertaking the elections in Malaysia. The agency falls under the purview of the Prime Minister's Department.
Hypothesis Theory
Hypothesis Theory is a psychological theory of learning developed during the 1960s and 1970s. This theory played an important role in early research on conceptual learning by emphasizing how learners actively make and change rules rather than rely on associative mechanisms. The hypotheses theory also influenced understanding development changes in children's ability to support hypotheses during learning tasks. The major components of the theory include it's experimental framework, formal modelling approaches, and influence of cognitive psychology.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Stellar age estimation
Various methods and tools are involved in stellar age estimation, an attempt to identify within reasonable degrees of confidence what the age of a star is. These methods include stellar evolutionary models, membership in a given star cluster or system, fitting the star with the standard spectral and luminosity classification system, and the presence of a protoplanetary disk, among others. Nearly all of the methods of determining age require knowledge of the mass of the star, which can be known through various methods. No individual method can provide accurate results for all types of stars.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
London Marconi
London Marconi Soccer Club is a Canadian soccer club based in London, Ontario, that plays in the Western Ontario Soccer League. The club was founded in 1962 and originally competed in the London and District League. After several notable achievements at the amateur level, the organization joined the National Soccer League (NSL) in 1984. After competing in the NSL for five seasons they returned to the amateur level by joining the Western Ontario Soccer League.

The club has won the national Challenge Trophy twice in 2014, and 2015, and the Ontario Cup four times in 1966, 1978, 2014, and 2015. In 1985, the club was the National Soccer League's regular season champion.

Canadian National Soccer League
The National Soccer League was a soccer league in Canada that existed from 1926 to 1997. Teams were primarily based in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The league was renamed to Canadian National Soccer League in 1993 following the folding of the Canadian Soccer League, and the accepting of the Winnipeg Fury, making the league more national. In the 1960s, the National Soccer League was one of four major leagues in Canadian soccer alongside the Pacific Coast League, the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League and the Western Canada Soccer League.

It was replaced by the Canadian Professional Soccer League in 1998, after an agreement between the CNSL and the Ontario Soccer Association.
Murder of John Edwards
On February 18, 1994, a brother–sister pair was attacked by two men at a camping site in Ocala National Forest, Florida, United States. 21-year-old Pam Edwards was raped twice by the attackers, and her 18-year-old brother, John Timothy Edwards, was murdered by the same two perpetrators. During the same month, the two killers, William Christopher Paul and Loran Kenstley Cole, were arrested and charged with kidnapping, robbery, rape, and murder.

Out of the two, Paul pleaded guilty to the murder, kidnapping, and robbery charges, a decision that ultimately spared him the death sentence, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. On the other hand, Cole, who was deemed to have played a bigger role in the murder, was sentenced to death after a state jury found him guilty of murdering Edwards and other charges that include the rape of Edwards's sister. Cole was executed by lethal injection on August 29, 2024, at the Florida State Prison in Raiford, Florida.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
Battle of Rio Hato Airfield
The Battle of Rio Hato Airfield took place as an opening action of the United States invasion of Panama, and was fought between the U.S military and the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) on 20 December 1989. The action saw US paratroopers launch a surprise attack against the PDF at Rio Hato, the largest PDF military base in the country, approximately seventy miles south of Panama City.

The objective of the attack was to capture the PDF garrison at the base, secure the Rio Hato airfield runway, and seize dictator Manuel Noriega's beachside house.

Panama Defense Forces
The Panama Defense Forces (PDF; Spanish: Fuerzas de Defensa de Panamá, FFDD), formerly the National Guard of Panama (Spanish: Guardia Nacional de Panamá), were the armed forces of the Republic of Panama.

It was created in 1983, led by Panama's dictator General Manuel Noriega and his general staff. It was dismantled by the United States Armed Forces after the United States invasion of Panama in 1989.
Qshell
Qshell is an optional command-line interpreter (shell) for the IBM i operating system. Qshell is based on POSIX and X/Open standards. It is a Bourne-like shell that also includes features of KornShell. The utilities (or commands) are external programs that provide additional functions. The development team of Qshell had to deal with platform-specific issues such as translating between ASCII and EBCDIC. The shell supports interactive mode as well as batch processing and can run shell scripts from Unix-like operating systems with few or no modifications.

Bourne shell
The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell command-line interpreter for computer operating systems. It first appeared on Version 7 Unix, as its default shell. Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh—which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell—even when other shells are used by most users.

The Bourne shell was once standard on all branded Unix systems, although historically BSD-based systems had many scripts written in csh. As the basis of POSIX sh syntax, Bourne shell scripts can typically be run with Bash or dash on Linux or other Unix-like systems; Bash itself is a free clone of Bourne.
Josef R. Sheetz
Major General Josef Robert Sheetz (1895–1992) was an American military commander during World War II, who served as Assistant Chief of Staff of the War Department in 1941–42. Sheetz is particularly noted for his command of the 98th Artillery Division in the Battle of Okinawa, and his involvement in the early years of the post-war American Occupation of Okinawa.

United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands
The United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands abbr. USMGR (琉球列島米国軍政府; Japanese: Ryūkyū-rettō Beikoku Gunseifu, Okinawan: Rūcū ʔAmirika Minhyōjōju), also referred to as U.S. Ryukyu Islands, was the government in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (centered on the Okinawa Island) from 1945 to 1950, whereupon it was replaced by the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (USCAR).
T. J. Johnston
Thomas William "T. J." Johnston Jr. (born 1956) is an American lawyer and bishop of the Anglican Church in North America. As the first Episcopal priest whose orders were transferred to the Anglican Church of Rwanda in the 1990s, Johnston was a key figure in the Anglican realignment in the United States. Consecrated as a bishop in 2001 to serve in the Anglican Mission in the Americas, Johnston later became a church planter in South Carolina.

Anglican Church of Rwanda
The Anglican Church of Rwanda (French: Église anglicane du Rwanda; Kinyarwanda: Itorero Angilikani mu Rwanda) is a province of the Anglican Communion, covering 13 dioceses in Rwanda. The primate of the province is Laurent Mbanda, consecrated on 10 June 2018.
Mara Kölmel
Mara-Johanna Kölmel (born 1989) is a German curator and art historian.

Kölmel has worked internationally in various curatorial positions, including for the Biennale of Sydney, the Arko Art Centre Seoul, the Kunsthalle Hamburg and the Akademie Schloss Solitude in Stuttgart. She has been the head of the Art Department at the Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen, since January 2024.

Her curatorial practice focuses on the intersections of art, technology, and society, addressing pressing contemporary issues through a plurality of perspectives. Demonstrated by the 2025 exhibition "Choose your Player. Gaming from Dice to Pixel"  as reviewed by ARD Tagesschau and  SWR Fernsehen.

Hamburger Kunsthalle
The Hamburger Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest art museums in the country. It consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869 (main building), 1921 (Kuppelsaal) and 1997 (Galerie der Gegenwart), located in the Altstadt district between the Hauptbahnhof (central train station) and the two Alster lakes.

The name Kunsthalle indicates the museum's history as an 'art hall' when it was founded in 1850. Today, it  houses one of the few art collections in Germany that cover seven centuries of European art, from the Middle Ages to the present day. Its permanent collections focus on North German painting of the 14th century, paintings by Dutch, Flemish and Italian artists of the 16th and 17th centuries, French and German drawings and paintings of the 19th century, and international modern and contemporary art.
Lennart Nilsson (footballer)
Bo Lennart Roger Nilsson (born 1 January 1959) is a Swedish former footballer, who played as a midfielder and striker for IF Elfsborg, IFK Göteborg and the Sweden national team. He scored IFK Göteborg's goal in their second leg away match against Dundee United in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final.

1987 UEFA Cup final
The 1987 UEFA Cup Final was a football tie played on 6 and 20 May 1987 between IFK Göteborg of Sweden and Dundee United of Scotland. Göteborg won 2–1 on aggregate, their second UEFA Cup triumph, following victory in 1982. It was Dundee United's first, and so far only, major European final.
Todd Larson
Todd Larson (born 1960) is an American lawyer, diplomat, and Democratic politician from Green County, Wisconsin.  He is credited as a significant contributor in the effort to secure rights and benefits for LGBT employees of the United Nations, and served as senior presidential political appointee in the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) during the Obama administration, with a mandate to pursue implementation of President Obama's 2011 Presidential Memorandum on International Initiatives to Advance the Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons.

Green County, Wisconsin
Green County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,093. Its county seat is Monroe. Green County is included in the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Qwen
Qwen (also known as Tongyi Qianwen, Chinese: 通义千问; pinyin: Tōngyì Qiānwèn) is a family of large language models developed by Alibaba Cloud. Many Qwen variants are distributed as open‑weight models under the Apache‑2.0 license, while others are served through Alibaba Cloud.

In July 2024, South China Morning Post reported that benchmarking platform SuperCLUE ranked Qwen2‑72B‑Instruct behind OpenAI's GPT‑4o and Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ahead of other Chinese models.

Alibaba Cloud
Alibaba Cloud, also known as Aliyun (Chinese: 阿里云; pinyin: Ālǐyún; lit. 'Ali Cloud'), is a cloud computing company, a subsidiary of Alibaba Group. Alibaba Cloud provides cloud computing services to online businesses and Alibaba's own e-commerce ecosystem. Its international operations are registered and headquartered in Singapore.

Alibaba Cloud offers cloud services that are available on a pay-as-you-go basis, and include elastic compute, data storage, relational databases, big-data processing, DDoS protection and content delivery networks (CDN).

It is the largest cloud computing company in China, and in Asia Pacific according to Gartner. Alibaba Cloud operates data centers in 29 regions and 87 availability zones around the globe. As of June 2017, Alibaba Cloud is placed in the Visionaries' quadrant of Gartner's Magic Quadrant for cloud infrastructure as a service, worldwide.
Duke Tucker
Kevin Dale "Duke" Tucker (born September 1970) is an American communications technology professional and Republican politician from Burnett County, Wisconsin. He is a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Wisconsin's 75th Assembly district since 2025. He is also a member of the Burnett County Board of Supervisors, since 2024.

Burnett County, Wisconsin
Burnett County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,526. Its county seat is Siren, with the majority of county governmental services located at the Burnett County Government Center. The county was created in 1856 and organized in 1865. The St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin have reservation lands in Burnett County and are the county's largest employer. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Cranwell CLA.3
The Cranwell CLA.3 was a parasol winged  single-engined, single-seat British aircraft built to compete in the Lympne air races of 1925.  It was designed and built by an amateur group drawn from staff and pupils at the RAF College Cranwell.  Though it won one prize and set a Class record, only one CLA.3 was made.

Lympne
Lympne (/lɪm/ ⓘ), formerly Lymne, is a village on the former shallow-gradient sea cliffs above the expansive agricultural plain of Romney Marsh in Kent, England. The settlement forms an L shape stretching from Port Lympne Zoo via Lympne Castle facing Lympne Industrial Park then via the main settlement to Newingreen in the north, centred 11 km (7 mi) west of Folkestone, 2.3 mi (3.7 km) west of Hythe and 13 km (8.1 mi) ESE of Ashford.
Dan Păltinișanu
Dan Păltinișanu (23 March 1951 – 4 March 1995) was a Romanian footballer who played as a defender.

He was mostly known for his spell at Politehnica Timișoara with whom he won the 1979–80 Cupa României, scoring the victory goal in the final against Steaua București. He also scored the goal that helped them eliminate Celtic in the 1980–81 European Cup Winners' Cup.

1979–80 Cupa României
The 1979–80 Cupa României was the 42nd edition annual knockout tournament of Cupa României. The title was won by Politehnica Timişoara who defeated Steaua București by 2–1. 30 teams participated and 30 matches were played.
Aurora Airlines
Aurora Airlines was a charter airline based in Ljubljana, Slovenia. It operated several flights a week between the biggest cities of Germany to Kosovo. It had hubs at Pristina, Kosovo, and Maribor, Slovenia.

The company operated for the virtual airline AirKosova Network, and one of its aircraft was painted in AirKosova Network's colors.

Pristina International Airport
The Prishtina International Airport Adem Jashari (Albanian: Aeroporti Ndërkombëtar i Prishtinës Adem Jashari, Serbian: Аеродром Адем Јашари Приштина / Aerodrom Adem Jašari Priština), also referred to as Pristina International Airport (Albanian: Aeroporti Ndërkombëtar i Prishtinës, Serbian: Међународни аеродром Приштина / Međunarodni aerodrom Priština, IATA: PRN, ICAO: BKPR), is an international airport in Pristina, Kosovo. The airport is located 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of the capital city of Pristina. The airport has flights to numerous European destinations. The airport is the only international airport in Kosovo, eventually serving as the only port of entry for air travelers to the country. It is named in honor of Adem Jashari, one of the founders and senior commanders of the Kosovo Liberation Army.
Joshua L. Goldberg
Joshua Louis Goldberg (January 6, 1896 – December 24, 1994) was a Belarusian-born American rabbi, the first to be commissioned as a U.S. Navy chaplain in World War II (and only the third to serve in the Navy in its history), the first to reach the rank of Navy Captain (the equivalent of Army Colonel), and the first to retire after a full active-duty career.

He had a highly unusual military background for a U.S. Navy chaplain, having been drafted into the Russian army when he was a teenager, then deserting to make his way to the United States where he enlisted in the U.S. Army, serving in an infantry unit in Europe during World War I before beginning rabbinical school studies in New York City after the war.

On January 16, 2025, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro announced that a future Navy ship would be named the USNS Joshua L. Goldberg (T-AO 215), the first ship to be named after a Jewish chaplain.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
646th Bombardment Squadron
The 646th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit, activated during World War II.  The squadron moved to the European Theater of Operations in the spring of 1944.  It flew air support and air interdiction missions with Douglas A-20 Havoc bombers, first from England, then from Advanced Landing Grounds on the European continent.  It received a Distinguished Unit Citation for missions flown against German targets during the Battle of the Bulge.  In February 1945, the unit began converting to the Douglas A-26 Invader, but the war ended before it flew any combat missions with its new aircraft.  It returned to the United States in the summer of 1945 and was inactivated at Myrtle Beach Army Air Field, South Carolina on 7 November 1945.

Douglas A-26 Invader
The Douglas A-26 Invader (designated B-26 between 1948 and 1965) is an American twin-engined light bomber and ground attack aircraft. Built by Douglas Aircraft Company during World War II, the Invader also saw service during several major Cold War conflicts. A limited number of highly modified United States Air Force aircraft served in Southeast Asia until 1969. It was a fast aircraft capable of carrying a large bomb load. A range of guns could be fitted to produce a formidable ground-attack aircraft.

A redesignation of the type from A-26 to B-26 has led to confusion with the earlier and unrelated medium bomber Martin B-26 Marauder, which had already been withdrawn from service when the designation was reused.
John Smith (South African judge)
John Eldrid Smith (born 5 November 1958) is a South African judge who has served in the Supreme Court of Appeal since July 2024. He joined the bench in July 2010 as a judge of the Eastern Cape Division in the High Court of South Africa. Before that, he was the chief executive officer of Smith Tabata Inc., which he co-founded in 1984.

Eastern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Eastern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The main seat of the division is at Makhanda, with subordinate local seats at Gqeberha, Bhisho and Mthatha, as well as a circuit court in East London. As of November 2017 the Judge President of the division is Selby Mbenenge.