hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Francesco De Martino
Francesco de Martino (31 May 1907 – 18 November 2002) was an Italian jurist, politician, lifetime senator (1991–2002) and former Vice President of the Council of Ministers. He was considered by many to be the conscience of the Italian Socialist Party.

Senator for life
A senator for life is a member of the senate or equivalent upper chamber of a legislature who has life tenure. As of 2023, five Italian senators out of 205, one Congolese senator out of 109, and all members of the British House of Lords (apart from the 26 Lords Spiritual who are expected to retire at the age of 70) have lifetime tenure (although Lords can choose to resign or retire or can be expelled in cases of misconduct). Several South American countries once granted lifetime membership to former presidents but have since abolished the practice.
Alessandra Riegler
Alessandra Riegler (born 24 May 1961 in Modena) is an Italian chess player who holds the ICCF title of Lady Grandmaster (LGM).

She was the sixth ICCF Women's World Champion, a title she held from 2000 to 2005.

In 2007, Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, has awarded the title of Knight of the Order of "Merit of the Italian Republic".

Riegler is also a four-time winner of the Italian Chess Championship (1994, 1995, 1996, and 1998).

International Correspondence Chess Federation
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF) was founded on 26 March 1951 as a new appearance of the International Correspondence Chess Association (ICCA), which was founded in 1945, as successor of the Internationaler Fernschachbund (IFSB), founded on 2 December 1928.

The current president is Eric Ruch, while the first president was Jean-Louis Ormond.
Fernán Díaz de Toledo
Fernán Díaz de Toledo (born Mose Hamomo; c. 1385 – 2 May 1457) was a Spanish canon lawyer who held numerous important roles in the Spanish government, including royal secretary, oidor, and relator. Díaz most likely converted from Judaism to Christianity as a child in 1391 before studying canon law at the Estudio de Valladolid. Owing to his legal background, hard work, and political connections, Díaz was appointed to numerous political positions during his career. These positions put him in close contact to the Kings Juan II and Enrique IV as well as the Royal Council. The historian María Josefa Sanz Fuentes described him as "probably the most powerful man at the court of King Juan II of Castille", while the medieval historian José Luis Bermejo Cabrero wrote that "nobody among the secretaries of the Middle Ages could reach such a level of influence over kings".

John II of Castile
John II of Castile (Spanish: Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. He succeeded his older sister, Maria of Castile, Queen of Aragon, as Prince of Asturias in 1405.
Stefano Ceri
Stefano Ceri (born 14 February 1955) is an Italian computer engineer and professor of database management at Politecnico di Milano. He has been visiting professor at Stanford University between 1983 and 1990, and received the ACM SIGMOD Edward Codd Innovations Award in 2013.

SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award
The ACM SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award is a lifetime research achievement award given by the ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data, at its yearly flagship conference (also called SIGMOD). According to its homepage, it is given "for innovative and highly significant contributions of enduring value to the development, understanding, or use of database systems and databases". The award has been given since 1992.

Until 2003, this award was known as the “SIGMOD Innovations Award.” In 2004, SIGMOD, with the unanimous approval of ACM Council, decided to rename the award to honor Dr. E.F. (Ted) Codd (1923 – 2003) who invented the relational data model and was responsible for the significant development of the database field as a scientific discipline.
Johann Georg Pisendel
Johann Georg Pisendel (5 January 1688 [O.S. 26 December 1687] – 25 November 1755) was a German Baroque violinist and composer who, for many years, led the Court Orchestra in Dresden as concertmaster, then the finest instrumental ensemble in Europe. He was the leading violinist of his time, and composers such as Tomaso Albinoni, Georg Philipp Telemann and Antonio Vivaldi all dedicated violin compositions to him.

Staatskapelle Dresden
The Sächsische Staatskapelle Dresden (German pronunciation: [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈʃtaːtskaˌpɛlə ˈdʁeːsdn̩]), or Saxon State Orchestra Dresden, is one of the oldest orchestras in the world, created by order of Maurice, Elector of Saxony in 1548. Under communist East Germany and until 1992 it was called Staatskapelle Dresden; an earlier name was Kurfürstlich-Sächsische und Königlich-Polnische Kapelle, or Electoral Saxon and Royal Polish Orchestra. It is a constituent body of the Semper Opera House, along with two choruses and a ballet troupe, where it plays in the pit for opera and on a platform for its own concert series.
Marshall Berman
Marshall Howard Berman (November 24, 1940 – September 11, 2013) was an American philosopher and Marxist humanist writer. He was a Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the City College of New York and at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, teaching political philosophy and urbanism.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Postage stamps and postal history of Qatar
Qatar was a British protectorate from 1916 till it gained independence on 3 September 1971.

At first, in compliance with treaty obligations, British stamps were in use. These were issued in Indian rupee denominations with QATAR over-printed in English. Until 1950, the country's postal service was administered by an Indian post office in Bahrain. A British office was opened in Doha and sold stamps of British Postal Agencies in Eastern Arabia until 1957 when overprinted British stamps were introduced. Qatar Post took responsibility for postal administration in May 1963 and joined the Universal Postal Union in January 1969. The first Qatari stamps were issued in 1961 and there was an independence issue in January 1972. Since then, Qatar Post has continued to manage the country's postal administration and to issue its stamps, which are mostly relevant to Qatar itself.

Rupee
Rupee (UK: /ˌruːˈpiː/, US: /ˈruːpiː/) is the common name for the currencies of India,  Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka, and of former currencies of Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, the United Arab Emirates (as the Gulf rupee), British East Africa, Burma, German East Africa (as Rupie/Rupien), and Tibet. In Indonesia and the Maldives, the unit of currency is known as rupiah and rufiyaa respectively, cognates of the word rupee.

The Indian rupee and Pakistani rupee are subdivided into one hundred paise (singular paisa) or pice. The Nepalese rupee (रू) subdivides into one hundred paisa (singular and plural) or four sukaas. The Mauritian, Seychellois, and Sri Lankan rupees subdivide into 100 cents.
AC Oulu
AC Oulu is a Finnish professional football club based in Oulu, currently playing in Finland's premier division, Veikkausliiga. Formed in 2002, the club have played six seasons in Finland's highest football league Veikkausliiga and 16 seasons in the second highest league. They currently play their home games at Raatti Stadium, and the club colours are navy blue, and white.

Ykkönen
Ykkönen (Finnish for 'Number One'; Swedish: Ettan, previously I divisioona) is the third highest level of the Finnish football league system (after the Veikkausliiga and Ykkösliiga), managed by the Football Association of Finland. Until the end of 2023, Ykkönen was the second-highest level in Finland, but after the creation of new second-tier Ykkösliiga, it was dropped down one level in the league pyramid.
Red braised pork belly
Red braised pork belly, or hong shao rou (simplified Chinese: 红烧肉; traditional Chinese: 紅燒肉; pinyin: hóngshāoròu), is a classic pork dish from China, red-cooked using pork belly and a combination of ginger, garlic, aromatic spices, chilis, sugar, star anise, light and dark soy sauce, and rice wine. The dish has a melt-in-the-mouth texture that is formed as a result of a long braising process, during which the liquid reduces and becomes thick. It is generally served with steamed rice and dark green vegetables, often over holidays. The dish is often prepared with hard-boiled chicken eggs or vegetables, which are used to soak up the juices from the recipe.

Red cooking
Red cooking, also called Chinese stewing, red stewing, red braising, or flavor potting, is a slow braising Chinese cooking technique that imparts a reddish-brown coloration to the prepared food. Red cooking likely originated in Jiangsu province. While the technique is used all over China, it is most strongly associated with the Jiangnan region.

There are two types of red cooking:

Hongshao (traditional Chinese: 紅燒; simplified Chinese: 红烧; pinyin: hóngshāo): can be done in less than 20 minutes and usually does not require much water

Lu (traditional Chinese: 滷; simplified Chinese: 卤; pinyin: lǔ): usually requires prolonged cooking of up to several hours and the items must be submerged in the cooking liquid.
Heaven Burns Red
Heaven Burns Red (ヘブンバーンズレッド, Hebun Bānzu Reddo) (stylized in block capitals) is a free-to-play mobile role-playing video game co-developed by WFS, Inc. and Key. It was released on February 10, 2022, for iOS and Android in Japan, and worldwide in 15 November 2024. It is Jun Maeda's first completely new game in 15 years as main scenario writer since Little Busters! (2007). A version for Windows is available on Steam, as well as a separate client for the global version.

Gree (Japanese company)
GREE Holdings, Inc. (グリーホールディングス株式会社, Gurī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese social media and video game company with headquarters in the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower in Roppongi, Tokyo. It has been operating the social network service GREE since its establishment in December 2004.
K. P. Anbalagan
Kariamangalam Pachiappan Anbalagan, better known as K. P. Anbalagan (born 30 April 1958), is a Tamil Nadu politician from the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and the former Minister for Higher Education and Agriculture department in Tamil Nadu. KP Anbalagan was born on 30 April 1958 in Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India. He belongs to the Vanniyar community, and is presently serving his fifth term as a Member of Legislative Assembly from Palacode, making him the longest serving MLA in the current Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, a record which he holds with fellow party members O. Panneerselvam and Pollachi V. Jayaraman.

Palacode Assembly constituency
Palacode or Palacodu is a state assembly constituency in Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu, India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 57. It comprises a portion of Palacode taluk and is a part of Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.
Battle of Pinkie
The Battle of Pinkie, also known as the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (/kl(j)ux/), took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing. It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as "Black Saturday". A highly detailed and illustrated English account of the battle and campaign authored by an eyewitness William Patten was published in London as propaganda four months after the battle.

River Esk, Lothian
The River Esk (Brythonic: Isca (water), Scottish Gaelic: Easg (water)), also called the Lothian Esk, is a river that flows through Midlothian and East Lothian, Scotland.

It initially runs as two separate rivers: the North Esk and the South Esk.
Friðrik Erlendur Stefánsson
Friðrik Erlendur Stefánsson (born 6 October 1976) is an Icelandic former professional basketball player who spent 17 seasons with Njarðvík, winning the Icelandic national championship three times and the Icelandic Basketball Cup three times.

In 2006 he was voted as the Úrvalsdeild domestic player of the year.

Úrvalsdeild karla (basketball)
Úrvalsdeild karla (English: Men's Premier League), also known as Bónus deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is the highest men's professional basketball competition among clubs in Iceland, where play determines the national champion. It is organized by the Icelandic Basketball Federation (Icelandic: Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ).
The season consists of a home-and-away schedule of 22 games, followed by an eight-team playoff round. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals series are best-of-five. The bottom clubs are relegated, and replaced by the top team from the regular-season phase and the four-team playoff round winner of the second-level First Division (Icelandic: 1. deild karla).
SQL Slammer
SQL Slammer is a 2003 computer worm that caused a denial of service on some Internet hosts and dramatically slowed general Internet traffic. It also crashed routers around the world, causing even more slowdowns. It spread rapidly, infecting most of its 75,000 victims within 10 minutes.

The program exploited a buffer overflow bug in Microsoft's SQL Server and Desktop Engine database products. Although the MS02-039 (CVE-2002-0649) patch had been released six months earlier, many organizations had not yet applied it.

Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using  Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.
Field corn
Field corn is a North American term for maize (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder (silage and meal), ethanol, cereal, and processed food products. The principal field corn varieties are dent corn, flint corn, flour corn (also known as soft corn) which includes blue corn (Zea mays amylacea), and waxy corn.

Field corn primarily grown for livestock feed and ethanol production is allowed to mature fully before being shelled off the cob and being stored in silos, pits, bins, or grain "flats". Part of it is used to make corn syrup, especially with dent corn. Field corn can also be harvested as high-moisture corn, shelled off the cob and piled and packed like silage for fermentation; or the entire plant may be chopped while still very high in moisture, with the resulting silage either loaded and packed in plastic bags, piled and packed in pits, or blown into and stored in vertical silos.

Corn syrup
Corn syrup is a food syrup that is made from the starch of corn/maize and contains varying amounts of sugars: glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade. Corn syrup is used in foods to soften texture, add volume, prevent crystallization of sugar, and enhance flavor. Most table syrups typically consist primarily of corn syrup. It can be processed into high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by using the enzyme D-xylose isomerase to convert a large proportion of its glucose into sweeter fructose.

The more general term glucose syrup is often used synonymously with corn syrup, since glucose syrup in the United States is most commonly made from corn starch. Technically, glucose syrup is any liquid starch hydrolysate of mono-, di-, and higher-saccharides and can be made from any source of starch: wheat, tapioca and potatoes are the most common other sources.
Beta Eridani
Beta Eridani (β Eridani, abbreviated Beta Eri, β Eri), formally named Cursa /ˈkɜːrsə/, is the second-brightest star in the barely equatorial-southern constellation of Eridanus, located in the northeast end of this constellation near the shared border with Orion. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 2.796, so it can be viewed with the naked eye in dark skies. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of about 89 light-years (27 parsecs) from the Earth.

Psi Eridani
Psi Eridani is a star in the constellation Eridanus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ψ Eridani, and abbreviated Psi Eri or ψ Eri. With an apparent visual magnitude is 4.81, it can be seen with the naked eye on a clear, dark night. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.41 milliarcseconds, it is located roughly 740 light-years distant.

This is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3 V. The main sequence class is further supported by stellar evolution models. It is about 32 million years old and has a projected rotational velocity of 52 km/s. The star has 6.9 times the mass of the Sun and 6.63 times the Sun's radius. Psi Eridani shines with 3,329 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 17,025 K.
Cyclopentobarbital
Cyclopentobarbital sodium (Cyclopal, Dormisan) is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1940s. It has sedative and anticonvulsant properties, and was used primarily as an anaesthetic in veterinary medicine.  Cyclopal is considered similar in effects to phenobarbital but lasts almost three times as long, and is considered a long-acting barbiturate with a fairly slow onset of action.

Barbiturate
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid. They are effective when used medically as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction potential as well as overdose potential among other possible adverse effects. They have been used recreationally for their anti-anxiety and sedative effects, and are thus controlled in most countries due to the risks associated with such use.

Barbiturates have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines ("Z-drugs") in routine medical practice, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, because of the significantly lower risk of overdose, and the lack of an antidote for barbiturate overdose. Despite this, barbiturates are still in use for various purposes: in general anesthesia, epilepsy, treatment of acute migraines or cluster headaches, acute tension headaches, euthanasia, capital punishment, and assisted suicide.
Stephanie Sparkowski
Stephanie Elisabeth Sparkowski (born April 18, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Swedish Damallsvenskan club Piteå IF. She played college soccer for the Michigan Wolverines.

Michigan Wolverines women's soccer
The Michigan Wolverines women's soccer team is the women's intercollegiate soccer program representing the University of Michigan. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

Michigan has won three Big Ten tournaments and has advanced as far as the quarterfinals in the NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship since the creation of the program in 1994. The Michigan women's soccer team plays its home games at the U-M Soccer Stadium on the university campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Highway M20 (Ukraine)
Highway M20 is the second shortest Ukraine international highway (M-highway) which connects Kharkiv to the border with Russia at Hoptivka in Kharkiv Raion in Kharkiv Oblast (Kharkivshchyna) (Ukrainian: Дергачівський район, Ха́рківська о́бласть (Харківщина)) and Nehoteevka in Belgorodsky Raion in Belgorodskaya Oblast (Russian: Нехотеевка, Белгородский район, Белгоро́дская о́бласть). The section from Lisne to the Russian border is part of European route E105, known as the Crimea Highway (Крым шоссе) in Russia.

In 2011, major renovations took place on segments of the road in preparation to the Euro 2012.

State highways (Ukraine)
State highways in Ukraine (Ukrainian: автомобільні дороги державного значення) are subdivided into four categories: international (M-network), national (H-network), regional (P-network), and  territorial (Т-network). The letter's indexes are in Cyrillic, standing for their respective abbreviations in Ukrainian.
A Drug Problem That Never Existed
A Drug Problem That Never Existed is the second studio album by American rock band Mondo Generator. It takes its name from a line in The Frogs' "I've Got Drugs (Out of the Mist)", from their album It's Only Right and Natural. Much of the material was inspired by mixed emotions brought about by the divorce of singer Nick Oliveri and also his substance abuses and the death of his father.

The tracks "Jr. High Love" and "Day I Die" were previously recorded by Oliveri and others at The Desert Sessions, "Jr. High Love" for Volumes 3 & 4 and "Day I Die" for Volumes 5 & 6 under the name "I'm Dead". "Girl's Like Christ" is a reworking of a Dwarves song "There She Goes Again" written by Blag Dahlia and Nick Oliveri during his time with the band.

Nick Oliveri
Nick Steven Oliveri (born October 21, 1971) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer and songwriter. He is best known as a former bassist of Kyuss and later Queens of the Stone Age from 1998 to 2004. Oliveri is also a solo artist and frequent contributor to his friends' albums and tours, including Winnebago Deal, Masters of Reality, Turbonegro, Moistboyz, Svetlanas and Big Scenic Nowhere among many others. He is currently the frontman of his project, Mondo Generator, a punk and metal hybrid that he formed in 1997, and the co-founder of the stoner rock power trio, Stöner. He has also worked periodically with the Dwarves since 1993.
Ribe Municipality
Ribe Municipality is a former municipality in Denmark. It was located on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula and belonged to Ribe County. It was abolished effective 1 January 2007. The municipal seat was located in the town of Ribe.

The municipality covered an area of 352 km2, with a total population of 18,147 (2005). It also included the island of Manø but not nearby Fanø. Its last mayor was Preben Rudiengaard, representing the liberal political party, Venstre.

Bramming Municipality
Until 1 January 2007 Bramming Municipality was a municipality (Danish: kommune) in Ribe County on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in southwest Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 170 km2, and had a total population of 13,638 (2005).  Its last mayor was Karl Kristian Knudtzen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Bramming.

Bramming municipality ceased to exist as the result of the Municipal Reform of 2007 (Kommunalreformen). It was merged with the former Ribe and Esbjerg municipalities to form the new Esbjerg Municipality. This created a municipality with an area of 741 km2 and a total population of 114,097 (2005). The new municipality belongs to the Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark).