hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nuerland
Nuerland (Thok Naath: Ro̱l Naath, Arabic:بلد النوير, Nickname: the True Savannah) is the indigenous homeland and traditional territory of the Nuer people, located largely within South Sudan between latitudes 7° and 10° north and longitudes 29° and 32° east. The region covers parts of Upper Nile State, Jonglei State, Unity State, and surrounding areas, and is characterized by swamps, savannahs, and higher ground.

The Nuer are a Nilotic ethnic group primarily engaged in pastoralism, with cattle playing a central role in their economy, social organisation, and cultural practices. The seasonal flooding of Nuerland influences the community's semi-nomadic lifestyle, as people move between higher ground and swampy areas according to the dry and wet seasons.

Historically, the Nuer have had complex relations with neighbouring ethnic groups, including the Dinka and Shilluk, as well as with colonial authorities. These interactions were often marked by conflict and competition over resources.

Unity State
Unity State, also known as Western Upper Nile, is a state in South Sudan. Unity State is in the Greater Upper Nile region. Unity is inhabited predominantly by two ethnic groups: the Nuer majority, and the Dinka minority.

In 2015, a presidential decree established a new system of 28 states, replacing the previously established 10. Unity State was replaced by the states of Ruweng, Northern Liech and Southern Liech. Unity State was re-established by a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020 with smaller boundaries as the northern part of the former state became the Ruweng Administrative Area.
Seiko Group
Seiko Group (セイコー・グループ, Seikō Gurūpu) is a corporate group composed of Seiko Group Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates. It used to be recognized as a corporate group consisting of three core companies Seiko Holdings Corp. (Seiko; f/k/a K. Hattori & Co., Hattori Seiko), Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII; f/k/a Daini Seikosha, Seiko Instruments & Electronics), and Seiko Epson Corp (Epson; f/k/a Suwa Seikosha). The three companies were linked by a common thread of timepiece technology. Although Epson still develops and manufactures wristwatches for the Seiko Group, Epson and its subsidiaries are not considered part of the group.

Seiko Instruments
Seiko Instruments Inc. (セイコーインスツル株式会社, Seikō Insutsuru Kabushiki-gaisha) (SII) is a Japanese company, which develops and commercializes semiconductor, micromechatronics, and precision machining technologies. It is one of the business units of Seiko Group Corporation (f/k/a Seiko Holdings).

Headquartered in the Makuhari business district, Mihama-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, the company manufactures and sells electronic components (crystal oscillators, micromechatronics devices, piezo inkjet printheads, microbatteries, supercapacitors), precision parts, analysis and measurement instruments, machine tools, factory automation systems, printers, etc.
Myrtle Broome
Myrtle Florence Broome (22 February 1888 – 27 January 1978) was a British Egyptologist and artist known for her illustrated work with Amice Calverley on the Temple of Seti I at Abydos in Egypt and her paintings of Egyptian village life in the 1920s and 1930s.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Nitrogen trifluoride
Nitrogen trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula (NF3). It is a colorless, non-flammable, toxic gas with a slightly musty odor.  In contrast with ammonia, it is nonbasic. It finds increasing use within the manufacturing of flat-panel displays, photovoltaics, LEDs and other microelectronics. NF3 is a greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential (GWP) 17,200 times greater than that of CO2 when compared over a 100-year period.

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Kathi Appelt
Kathi Appelt (born July 6, 1954) is an American author of more than forty books for children and young adults. She won the annual PEN USA award for Children's Literature recognizing The Underneath (2008).

PEN Center USA
PEN Center USA was a branch of PEN International, a literary and human rights organization. It was one of two PEN International Centers in the United States, the other being PEN America in New York City. On March 1, 2018, PEN Center USA unified under the PEN America umbrella as the PEN America Los Angeles office. PEN Center USA was founded in 1943 and incorporated as a nonprofit association in 1981. As of 2018, much of PEN Center USA's programming continues out of the PEN America Los Angeles office, including the Emerging Voices Fellowship, PEN In the Community writing residencies and guest speaker program, and the PEN Presents conversation series.
Hannah Teter
Hannah Teter (born January 27, 1987) is an American snowboarder. She won the gold medal in the halfpipe at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Torino and silver at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver. She has also won bronze at the 2005 FIS World Championships at Whistler, British Columbia, and has a total of six World Cup victories in her career.

FIS Snowboard World Cup
The FIS Snowboard World Cup is an annual snowboarding competition, arranged by the International Ski Federation (FIS) since 1994. Since its inauguration, different disciplines have been added and removed, along with categories used to group them.

Currently disciplines contested in the World Cup are parallel giant slalom and parallel slalom (grouped into the "parallel" category); the halfpipe, big air, and slopestyle (grouped into the "AFU" category); and the discipline-category of snowboard cross. Most of these disciplines have been contested on and off throughout the years. The only discipline contested in every season of the World Cup is the halfpipe (and from 1996–97 season onward the snowboard cross).

There was an "overall" classification until the 2009–10 season. Since then, the World Cup has been divided into the three categories described above.
Bandhan (1998 film)
Bandhan (transl. Bond) is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama action film directed by  K. Murali Mohana Rao starring Salman Khan, Rambha, Jackie Shroff and Ashwini Bhave. It is a remake of the Tamil film Pandithurai.

Rambha (actress)
Yeedi Vijayalakshmi (born 5 June 1976), known professionally as Rambha, is an Indian former actress. She was one of the prominent actresses in Indian cinema in the 1990s and early 2000s. In an acting career spanning almost two decades, Rambha had appeared in more than 100 films across eight languages, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil, in addition to Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada, along with a few Bengali, Bhojpuri and English films. Rambha made her debut with the Malayalam film Sargam.
Emily Lawson
Dame Emily Jane Ruth Lawson DBE is a British management consultant and former Chief Operating Officer (COO) of NHS England. She has been the COO of management consultancy Newton Consulting since October 2025. Lawson led the initial rollout of the NHS COVID-19 vaccine programme in 2020 and the subsequent booster programme in 2021. Prior to this, she worked for McKinsey & Company, Morrisons, and Kingfisher plc in human resources.

Kingfisher plc
Kingfisher plc is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, England.

It has over 1,300 stores in nine countries, and its brands include B&Q, Castorama, Brico Dépôt and Screwfix. Kingfisher is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Jakarta Kota railway station
Jakarta Kota Station (Indonesian: Stasiun Jakarta Kota, station code: JAKK) is a railway station, located in the old city core of Kota Tua, Jakarta, Indonesia. It serves as one of the major terminus stations in Jakarta, serving two of the five Greater Jakarta commuter rail lines.

The station was named Batavia Zuid (or South Batavia) until the beginning of the 20th century. The station was also popularly known as the Beos Station as an abbreviation of the station's former owner Bataviasche Oosterspoorweg Maatschapij (BOS).

Pasar Senen railway station
Pasar Senen Station (PSE) is a railway station located in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the second largest railway station in Jakarta after Gambir Station. It is located close to Pasar Senen market area in Senen, Senen, Central Jakarta. The current building was built in 1918 and inaugurated on 19 March 1925.

Pasar Senen only serves Economy and Business class intercity train except Gumarang and Sawunggalih. It also serves as a station for northbound KRL Commuterline trains.
Wendy Phillips (author)
Wendy Philips is a Canadian author. She grew up in Kamloops, British Columbia, and wrote her first book at the age of 11, and completed degrees in journalism, English, education and a children's literature degree from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, BC. Her past jobs have included journalism, bookbinding and teaching English. She has lived in Lesotho, Ottawa, South Africa and Australia, but currently lives in Richmond, British Columbia with her husband, son and daughter.  Phillips currently works as a teacher-librarian at MacNeill Secondary School in Richmond, BC. Phillips is also an author of young adult fiction, whose first book Fishtailing won the 2010 Governor General's Award for children's literature.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Kanitha Wichiencharoen
Khunying Kanitha Wichiencharoen (4 November 1922 – 13 May 2002) was a Thai lawyer and women's rights advocate until late in life when she became a maechee. Most noted for her human rights work with women, she established the first emergency shelter for women in Thailand and wrote legislation to protect women's rights. She established the Mahapajapati Theri College, the first college to train women as Buddhist nuns in southeast Asia.

Maechi
Maechi or Mae Chee (Thai: แม่ชี; IPA: [mɛ̂ː.t͡ɕʰiː]), "respected mother" (แม่ + honorific suffix "-ji"), are Theravada Buddhist Nuns in Thailand. As female monastics ordained under The Eight or Ten Precepts (i.e., more than the Five Precepts taken by laypersons), they formally occupy a position similar to sāmaṇerī and wear white robes, but are in practice resemblant of Theravāda bhikkhus - renunciants who have dedicated their life to Buddhist practice, meditation, vowing celibacy and ascetisicm.
Lisa Neubauer
Lisa Neubauer (née Stephens; born July 21, 1957) is an American lawyer and judge from Racine, Wisconsin.  She is a judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals in the Waukesha-based 2nd district court, since 2007.  She previously served as chief judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals from 2015 through 2021.  She was an unsuccessful candidate for Wisconsin Supreme Court in the 2019 election.

Her husband, Jeffrey A. Neubauer, is a former chairman of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin, and former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.  Their daughter, Greta Neubauer, is a current member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and the Democratic minority leader.

Democratic Party of Wisconsin
The Democratic Party of Wisconsin is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is currently headed by chair Devin Remiker.

Important issues for the state party include support for workers and unions, strong public education, and environmental protection. It currently controls two of Wisconsin's eight U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and the governorship. Additionally, Democratic-aligned justices control a majority on the state Supreme Court.
Democlito Angeles
Democlito J. Angeles (born August 3, 1922) was a Filipino politician and lawyer who served as the representative for Marikina's at-large district from 1988 to 1992.

A graduate of the Far Eastern University, Angeles ran a law office before entering politics. He served as a member of the Marikina Municipal Council before being elected to Congress in the 1987 election. As a representative, he allied with Jovito Salonga and served on various committees, including the House Agrarian Reform Committee.

Marikina's at-large congressional district
Marikina's at-large congressional district was a congressional district for Marikina in the Philippines. It was represented in the House of Representatives from 1987 up to its division in 2007. The district was apportioned in 1987, pursuant to the constitution ratified that year, giving the city its own district after having been grouped with neighboring Pasig since 1984. The district was divided into two districts after an amendment to the city's charter was approved on December 15, 2006.
Ham Castle
Ham Castle (also known as Home or Homme Castle) is located in Worcestershire at the bottom of a wooded escarpment (and close to the River Teme), within the  parish of Clifton-upon-Teme, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Clifton-upon-Teme and  4 miles (6.4 km) south of Great Witley.

It was a medieval motte and bailey castle.  A hoard of medieval gold and silver was found on the site in the 17th century.  Only a mound now remains.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Terrain cartography
Terrain cartography or relief mapping is the depiction of the shape of the surface of the Earth on a map, using one or more of several techniques that have been developed. Terrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartographic design, and more recently geographic information systems and geovisualization.

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Antonio Cervantes
Antonio Cervantes Reyes (born December 23, 1945) is a Colombian boxing trainer and former professional boxer who competed from 1961 to 1983. He held the WBA and The Ring light welterweight title twice between 1972 and 1980.

In 2002, Cervantes was chosen for the Ring Magazine's list of 80 Best Fighters of the Last 80 Years. Boxrec also ranked him the 50th greatest pound for pound boxer of all time.

The Ring (magazine)
The Ring (often called The Ring magazine or Ring magazine) is a boxing magazine, that was first published in 1922 as a boxing and wrestling magazine. As the sporting legitimacy of professional wrestling came more into question, The Ring shifted to becoming exclusively a boxing-oriented publication.

Ring began publishing annual ratings of boxers in 1924. With its November/December 2022 issue, the magazine stopped publication of its regular monthly print issues and will remain a digital publication, offering occasional special interest print issues.
Wreck Lead station
Wreck Lead was a train station along the Long Beach Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. The station was opened in June 1888 by the New York and Long Beach Railroad to serve numerous fishing clubs and hotels. This station was a flag stop. Wreck Lead consisted of a low cinder platform on the northeast side of the Reynolds Channel (south of here, the railroad traverses the channel via the Wreck Lead Bridge). In 1911, a second platform was installed on the west side of the tracks and on January 15, 1927, and Wreck Lead became the terminus of the double-tracking of the Long Beach Branch. Wreck Lead closed on December 31, 1927.

Long Beach Branch
The Long Beach Branch is an electrified rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The branch begins at Valley Interlocking, just east of Valley Stream station, where it merges with the Far Rockaway Branch to continue west as the Atlantic Branch. East from there the Long Beach Branch parallels the Montauk Branch to Lynbrook station, where it turns south toward Long Beach station. Trains operating on the Long Beach Branch continue west of Valley Stream via the Atlantic Branch to Jamaica station, with most continuing on to Grand Central or Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.
In 2018, the branch recorded an annual ridership of 4,849,085 based on ticket sales, down 1% from 2017.
Khalen Saunders
Khalen Saunders (born August 9, 1996) is an American professional football defensive tackle for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He played college football for the Western Illinois Leathernecks and was selected in the third round of the 2019 NFL draft by the Kansas City Chiefs. Saunders has also played in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints.

Western Illinois Leathernecks football
The Western Illinois Leathernecks football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Western Illinois University, located in Macomb, Illinois. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). They are members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC), and play their games as part of the OVC–Big South Football Association, which combines teams from the Ohio Valley and Big South conferences. The team plays its home games at the 16,368 seat Hanson Field.
Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes
Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes or Michael Tarchaneiotes Glabas (Greek: Μιχαὴλ Δοῦκας Γλαβᾶς Ταρχανειώτης; c. 1235 – after 1304) was a notable Byzantine aristocrat and general. He served under emperors Michael VIII Palaiologos and Andronikos II Palaiologos in the Balkans, fighting against the Second Bulgarian Empire, Serbia, the Angevins of Naples and the Despotate of Epirus. He is also notable as the patron of several churches, most notably the Pammakaristos Church in Constantinople (mod. Istanbul), where he was buried.

Andronikos II Palaiologos
Andronikos II Palaiologos (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας Ἄγγελος Κομνηνὸς Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Andrónikos Doúkās Ángelos Komnēnós Palaiológos; 25 March 1259 – 13 February 1332), Latinized as Andronicus II Palaeologus, reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1282 to 1328. His reign marked the beginning of the recently restored empire's final decline. The Turks conquered most of Byzantium's remaining Anatolian territories, and Andronikos spent the last years of his reign fighting his own grandson in the First Palaiologan Civil War. The war ended in Andronikos' forced abdication in 1328, after which he retired to a monastery for the remainder of his life.
SNCF Class Z 23500
The Class Z23500 also called TER 2N (TER 2 Niveaux) is a class of double-deck electric multiple units operated in France. They were built by GEC-Alstom and Ateliers du Nord de la France, (which became Bombardier) for SNCF and are used on the TER Network. These sets consist of 2 double deck coaches. They were built from 1997 and a total of 80 units were built. The units were ordered by the following regions: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Rhône-Alpes. They are mainly used on stopping services around the French Riviera (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), Lille (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) and Lyon (Rhône-Alpes). They use the TER livery of their regions, e. g. the trains of Rhône-Alpes have a light blue livery.

Two Z 23500's at Saint Etienne.

A Rhone-Alpes liveried set at Villefranche sur Saône.

A TER PACA SNCF Class Z 23500 in Bandol on the Marseille-Ventmiglia railway line.

Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Toronto and Berlin. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry, prior to being acquired by Alstom in 2021. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles, locomotives, bogies, propulsion and controls. In February 2020, the company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc., the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021.
Alaior
Alaior (Catalan pronunciation: [ələˈjo], locally [(ə)ləˈo], [(ə)ˈlo]; previously in Spanish, Alayor) is a municipality located in the eastern part of the island of Menorca, in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The municipality seat is situated 12 kilometres from the island's capital, Mahón. Established following the Catalan-Aragonese conquest, Alaior is well known for its cheesemaking and shoe manufacturing. As of 2024, the municipality had a population of 10,158 and encompasses several localities, including the coastal resorts of Cala En Porter and Son Bou.

Cheesemaking
Cheesemaking (or caseiculture) is the craft of making cheese. The production of cheese, like many other food preservation processes, allows the nutritional and economic value of a food material, in this case milk, to be preserved in concentrated form. Cheesemaking allows the production of the cheese with diverse flavors and consistencies.