hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parnawa Voivodeship
The Parnawa Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo parnawskie)  was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Duchy of Livonia, part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, since it was formed in 1598 until the Swedish conquest of Livonia in the 1620s. The seat of the voivode was Parnawa (Pärnu).

The voivodeship was created by King Zygmunt III Waza, and it was based on the Parnawa Presidency, created by King Stefan Batory in 1582, after the Truce of Yam-Zapolsky. It effectively ceased to exist in 1621, but officially, Parnawa Voivodeship existed until the Treaty of Oliva (1660). Its main towns were: Parnawa, Felin, Wolmar, Karkus, Salis, Lemsal, and Helme.

The title of Voivode of Parnawa, as well as other local titles, remained in use until the Partitions of Poland. It was one of the so-called fictitious titles (Polish: urzad fikcyjny).

Pärnu
Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈpærˑnu]) is a city in southwest Estonia. Pärnu is located 128 kilometres (80 mi) south of the Estonian capital, Tallinn, and 176 kilometres (109 mi) west of Estonia's second-largest city, Tartu. The city sits off the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga, which is a part of the Baltic Sea. In the city, the Pärnu River drains into the Gulf of Riga.

Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches.  The city is served by Pärnu Airport.
St Gwenllwyfo's Church
St Gwenllwyfo's Church is a 19th-century parish church near the village of Dulas, in Anglesey, Wales. It was built between 1854 and 1856 to replace an earlier church in the parish, also dedicated to St Gwenllwyfo, which needed repair and had become too small for its congregation. The new church was built nearer to the Llys Dulas estate, whose owner contributed £936 towards the total cost of £1,417, rather than near the area where many of the parishioners lived. In 1876, Sir Arundell Neave (who had married into the family that owned Llys Dulas) donated 27 panels of 15th and 16th-century stained glass that had once belonged to a Flemish monastery.

The church is still used for worship by the Church in Wales, one of four in the parish of Amlwch. It is a Grade II* listed building, a national designation given to "particularly important buildings of more than special interest", in particular because of its "fine collection" of stained glass.

Dulas, Anglesey
Dulas (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) or City Dulas is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales. It is situated on the A5025 road, near the coast (Dulas Bay) at only 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level. It is in the community of Llaneilian.
David Lat
David Benjamin Lat (born June 19, 1975) is an American lawyer, author, and legal commentator. Lat is the founder of Above the Law, a website about law firms and the legal profession.

Lat attended Harvard University and Yale Law School. After law school, he worked as a law clerk for Judge Diarmuid O'Scannlain, became an associate at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, and later was an assistant U.S. attorney for the appeals division in the District of New Jersey.

Lat first began blogging anonymously for the judicial gossip blog "Underneath Their Robes", until he revealed his identity in a November 2005 interview with Jeffrey Toobin of The New Yorker. Shortly thereafter, Lat launched Above the Law, a website featuring news about law firms and the legal profession and legal gossip. In December 2014, Lat's debut novel, Supreme Ambitions was published.

Diarmuid O'Scannlain
Diarmuid Fionntain O'Scannlain (/ˈdɪərmɪd oʊˈskænlən/ DEER-mid oh-SKAN-lən; born in 1937) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. His chambers are located in Portland, Oregon.
Justyna Święty-Ersetic
Justyna Święty-Ersetic (Polish pronunciation: [jusˈtɨna ˈɕfjɛntɨ ɛrˈsɛtit͡s]; née Święty, born 3 December 1992) is a Polish sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. She was the 2018 European champion and a two-time European Indoor Championship medallist in this event. Święty-Ersetic won many medals at major championships as part of Polish 4 × 400 m relays, including a gold in the mixed relay and a silver in the women's relay at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

She is multiple Polish national outdoor and indoor champion.

2018 European Athletics Championships
The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

For the second Championships in a row, the Russian team did not participate; this was due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, several athletes were cleared by the IAAF to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes under the flag of the European Athletic Association. Mariya Lasitskene became the first such athlete to win a gold medal, in the women's high jump.
Saliu Atawodi
Saliu Atawodi,Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), is a retired Air Vice Marshal of the Nigerian Air Force. Atawodi served as the chairman of the Presidential Implementation Committee on Maritime Security and Safety (PICOMSS) from its inception until its dissolution.The Federal Government disbanded PICOMSS following its refusal to merge with the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), leading to a jurisdictional conflict over control of the nation's waterways.

Nigerian Air Force
The Nigerian Air Force (NAF) is the air branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the youngest branch of the Nigerian military, established four years after the nation became independent. As at 2021, the air force is one of the largest in Africa, consisting of over 18,000 personnel. Some of its popular aircraft include the Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 and Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.
Gerontoplast
A gerontoplast is a type of organelle known as a  plastid, which develops from a chloroplast during the senescing of plant foliage. Gerontoplast development is generally seen to be the process of grana being unstacked, loss of thylakoid membranes, and large accumulation of plastoglobuli.

Thylakoid
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stromal thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.

In thylakoid membranes, chlorophyll pigments are found in packets called quantasomes. Each quantasome contains 230 to 250 chlorophyll molecules.
Gerald Goodfellow
Gerald V. Goodfellow is a retired United States Air Force brigadier general, and the current Chief Executive Officer of the Small Business Consulting Corporation. Goodfellow was commissioned in 1989 through the University of New Mexico Air Force ROTC program. Goodfellow has flown a wide variety of military aircraft, but primarily the B-1 Bomber.  In 1995, Goodfellow flew a non-stop flight around the world that set two world records. For that flight Goodfellow won the Mackay Trophy for the U.S. Air Force's most meritorious flight of the year. Goodfellow has commanded at flight, squadron, group, and wing levels, and was the Commander and Commandant at the U.S. Air Force Squadron Officer College.  In his last assignment he was director of Strategic Plans, Programs and Requirements, Headquarters Air Force Global Strike Command, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana. Prior to that, he was the Director of the Nuclear Enterprise Directorate at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.

Mackay Trophy
The Mackay Trophy is awarded yearly by the National Aeronautic Association (NAA) for the "most meritorious flight of the year" by an Air Force person, persons, or organization.  The trophy is housed in the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum. The award is administered by the NAA in cooperation with the U.S.A.F. .

The award was established on 27 January 1911 by Clarence Mackay, who was then head of the Postal Telegraph-Cable Company and the Commercial Cable Company. Before the establishment of the Air Force in the 1940s, aviators could compete for the trophy annually under rules made each year or the War Department could award the trophy for the most meritorious flight of the year.
Bendigo line
The Bendigo line is a regional passenger rail service operated by V/Line in Victoria, Australia. It serves 14 stations towards its terminus in the regional city of Bendigo. It is the third most-used regional rail service in Victoria (behind the Ballarat and Geelong services), carrying 2.06 million passengers in the 2022-23 financial year.

Beyond Bendigo, the Echuca line continues north-east to Echuca via Epsom; and the Swan Hill line continues north-west to Swan Hill via Eaglehawk. Services are operated to Bendigo and Echuca primarily using V/Line VLocity diesel multiple unit sets in either 3- or 6-car configurations; V/Line N class loco-hauled services run to Swan Hill, with a mixture of N type carriages and Z type carriages.

VicRail N type carriage
The N type carriages are an intercity passenger carriage used on the railways of Victoria, Australia. They were introduced between 1981 and 1984 as part of the 'New Deal' reforms of country passenger rail services. Today they are seen on V/Line long distance InterCity services to Swan Hill.

The carriage sets have both first class 2+2 seating, and 2+3 economy seating. Snack bar facilities are also provided on board. Originally delivered as three-car sets, some sets were extended in length with S and Z type carriages.

Today the carriages are hauled by N class diesel locomotives. The carriages can use an external head end power supply for lighting and air conditioning operation. Each carriage has two swing doors per side, which were originally manually opened by passengers, but have since been converted to powered operation, and they are locked or unlocked by the conductor. Toilets, drinking fountains and luggage areas are provided throughout each carriage set.
Lavangsdalen
69°28′17″N 19°14′47″E﻿ / ﻿69.47133°N 19.24644°E﻿ / 69.47133; 19.24644

Lavangsdalen (Northern Sami: Lávákvuovdi) is a valley in Troms, Norway. It runs from Lavangen at Balsfjorden in Balsfjord Municipality northwards to Sørbotn in the end of Ramfjorden in Tromsø Municipality. The valley is mainly known for its stretch of the European route E8, a road branching off from the E6 at Nordkjosbotn to Tromsø. Being the most accident-prone road in Northern Norway alongside National Road 80, the valley is known for a 2011 bus accident that killed 5 people.

Nordkjosbotn
Nordkjosbotn (Norwegian) or Gárgán (Northern Sami) is a small village in Balsfjord Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  The village lies about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of the city of Tromsø. The 0.72-square-kilometre (180-acre) village has a population (2023) of 483 and a population density of 671 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,740/sq mi).

Two major highways, European route E6 and European route E8, meet in this village, making it a major crossroads in Northern Norway, with an estimated annual passage of 3 million people. Nordkjosbotn Church is located in this village. Macks Ølbryggeri, a brewery, has been operating in Nordkjosbotn since 2012.
Kart dynasty
The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids (Persian: آل کرت), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin, closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capital at Herat and central Khorasan in the Bamyan, they were at first subordinates of Sultan Abul-Fateh Ghiyāṣ-ud-din Muhammad bin Sām, Sultan of the Ghurid Empire, to whom they were related, and then as vassal princes within the Mongol Empire. Upon the fragmentation of the Ilkhanate in 1335, Mu'izz-uddin Husayn ibn Ghiyath-uddin worked to expand his principality. The death of Husayn b. Ghiyath-uddin in 1370 and the invasion of Timur in 1381, ended the Kart dynasty's ambitions.

Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad (Persian: غیاث‌ الدین محمد بن سام), also known as Ghiyath al-Din Ghori or Ghiyassuddin Ghori born, Muhammad (c. 1140 – 13 March 1203), was the Sultan of the Ghurid dynasty from 1163 until his death in 1203. During the diarchy of Ghiyath and his younger brother Muhammad of Ghor, who governed the eastern realm of the Ghurid Empire, the Ghurids emerged as one of the greatest powers of the eastern Islamic world.

During his early reign, he defeated the Ghurid claimants to the throne and fought with the Khwarazmian Empire over the lordship of Khorasan. He occupied Ghazna and Herat by 1175 and went on to establish control over most of what is now Afghanistan and the surrounding areas by 1200, and as far west as Bastam and Gurgan. His brother, Mu'izz al-Din, helped manage and expand the eastern part of the empire (as far as Bengal) and served Ghiyath with utmost loyalty and deference. Ghiyath died in 1203 and was succeeded by Mu'izz al-Din.
Francis William Pember
Francis William Pember JP (16 August 1862 — 19 January 1954) was an English first-class cricketer, lawyer and an academic at the University of Oxford. Having been played first-class cricket for Hampshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club in his younger years, it was as an academic that Pember was best known. He was warden of All Souls College at Oxford for eighteen years, and would serve as Vice-Chancellor of the university in the late-1920s.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Bankruptcy alternatives
Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. In most cases personal bankruptcy is initiated by the bankrupt individual.  Bankruptcy is a legal process that discharges most debts, but has the disadvantage of making it more difficult for an individual to borrow in the future.  To avoid the negative impacts of personal bankruptcy, individuals in debt have a number of bankruptcy alternatives.

Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor. Debt may be owed by a sovereign state or country, local government, company, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of repayments of principal and interest. Loans, bonds, notes, and mortgages are all types of debt. In financial accounting, debt is a type of financial transaction, as distinct from equity.

The term can also be used metaphorically to cover moral obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
Glenn Solberg
Glenn Solberg (born 18 February 1972) is a Norwegian handball coach and former player. He is regarded as one of the best Norwegian handball players of all time and won fourteen titles during his career playing for clubs in Norway, Germany and Spain. He was previously the head coach of the Swedish men's national handball team, with whom he won the 2022 European Championship, placed second at the 2021 World Championship and finished third at the 2024 European Championship. Solberg was capped 122 times and scored 250 goals for the Norwegian national team. He was awarded the Håndballstatuetten trophy from the Norwegian Handball Federation in 2011.

2021 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2021 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 27th event hosted by the International Handball Federation and held in Egypt from 13 to 31 January 2021.

Starting with this edition, the World Championship was expanded from 24 teams to 32. It was also the third World Championship hosted in Africa, the second in Egypt, and the first to be hosted outside of Europe since 2015.

Denmark were the defending champions, having won their first World Championship title in 2019 on home soil. They defended the title by beating Sweden in the final, the second final between two Scandinavian countries in a row. On the way, Denmark defeated hosts Egypt in the quarter-finals, and the reigning European champions Spain in the semi-finals. The latter secured the bronze medal after defeating France in the third place game.

The tournament was played behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Army General Margelov Medal
The Army General Margelov Medal (Russian: Медаль Генерал Армии Маргелов) is an award of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation established by Order No. 182 of the Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation of 6 May 2005. It is named after the renowned past commander of Soviet Airborne Troops Army General Vasily Margelov. The medal is awarded to military and civilian personnel of the Russian Airborne Troops for good service.

Russian Airborne Forces
The Russian Airborne Forces (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска России, ВДВ, romanized: Vozdushno-desantnye voyska Rossii, VDV) is the airborne separate combat arm  of the Russian Armed Forces. It is a rapid response force and strategic reserve that is under the President of Russia, reporting directly to the Chief of the General Staff, and is organized into airborne and air assault units. It was formed in 1992 from divisions of the Soviet Airborne Forces that came under Russian control following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Troops of the Russian Airborne Forces have traditionally worn a blue beret and blue-striped telnyashka undershirt and are called desant (Russian: Десант), from the French Descente.

The Russian Airborne Forces utilizes a range of specialist airborne warfare vehicles and are fully mechanized. Traditionally they have had a larger complement of heavy weaponry than most contemporary airborne forces.
Kapiniškiai
Kapiniškiai is an ethnographic village in Lithuania. It is located in the Dzūkija National Park south-west of Marcinkonys. According to the 2001 census, it had 54 residents.

Kapiniškiai village is located c. 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Druskininkai, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Marcinkonys, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Margionys (the nearest settlement).

Marcinkonys
Marcinkonys (Polish: Marcinkańce) is a village in Varėna district, Lithuania, located 21 km. south-west of Varėna. It is the administrative center of the Marcinkonys Eldership and it houses the administrations of the Dzūkija National Park and Čepkeliai Nature Reserve. According to the 2020 estimate, it had 591 residents.

Marcinkonys town is located c. 34 kilometres (21 mi) from Druskininkai, 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Varėna.
Bohdan Paczyński
Bohdan Paczyński or Bohdan Paczynski (8 February 1940 – 19 April 2007) was a Polish astronomer notable for his theories and work in the fields of stellar evolution, accretion discs, and gamma ray bursts. He is the recipient of the Eddington Medal (1987), the Henry Draper Medal (1997), the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1999), and the Order of Polonia Restituta (2007).

Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
The Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society is the highest award given by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). It usually recognises lifetime achievement in the fields supported by the RAS, but has occasionally been given for an individual discovery.

Two medals are awarded per year, one in astronomy (including astrophysics, cosmology etc.) and one in geophysics (including planetary science, tectonics etc.) The medal features an image of the 40-foot telescope constructed by Sir William Herschel, the first President of the RAS. All recipients are listed below.
Udo Mainzer
Udo Mainzer (born 3 July 1945) is a German art historian and monument conservator. He held office until September 2011. as director of the LVR-Amt für Denkmalpflege im Rheinland and Landeskonservator of the Landschaftsverband Rheinland.

Historic preservation
Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philosophical concept that became popular in the twentieth century, which maintains that cities as products of centuries' development should be obligated to protect their patrimonial legacy. The term refers specifically to the preservation of the built environment, and not to preservation of, for example, primeval forests or wilderness.
Scott Booth
Scott Booth (born 16 December 1971) is a Scottish football coach and former player, who is the head coach of Aberdeen Women in the Scottish Women's Premier League 1.

A forward by position, he began his playing career at Aberdeen as a teenager, before moving to Germany in 1997 to play for Borussia Dortmund. After a spell in the Netherlands with FC Twente (as well as loans from Dortmund to FC Utrecht and Vitesse Arnhem), he returned to Aberdeen in 2003, retiring a year later due to injury.

After his retirement as a player Booth became a coach, working with the Scotland youth teams. After a year as manager of Stenhousemuir he moved into women's football, becoming manager of Glasgow City. Booth left this position in June 2021 to become manager of FA WSL club Birmingham City, but was sacked five months later. He was appointed by Lewes in May 2022.

Scottish Women's Premier League
The Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) is the highest level of league competition in women's football in Scotland. Its two divisions are SWPL (previously styled as SWPL 1) and SWPL 2. The league was formed when the Premier Division of the Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) broke away to form the SWPL in 2002. SWPL 2 was introduced in 2016.

The divisions contain (in the 2022–23 season) 12 clubs in SWPL and eight in SWPL 2. Glasgow City have won 16 championships, including 14 in succession from 2007–08 until 2020–21. The champions and runners-up qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

From 2002, the league was owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football. Administration of the SWPL was taken over by the Scottish Football Association in 2007, then by the Scottish Professional Football League in 2022. The SWPL runs on the winter calendar but operated a summer-season format from 2009 until 2020.