hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jackshaft
A jackshaft, also called a countershaft, is a common mechanical design component used to transfer or synchronize rotational force in a machine. A jackshaft is often just a short stub with supporting bearings on the ends and two pulleys, gears, or cranks attached to it. In general, a jackshaft is any shaft that is used as an intermediary transmitting power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft.

Line shaft
A line shaft or millworks is a power-driven rotating shaft for power transmission within factories and industrial complexes. They were used extensively from the Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century. Prior to the widespread use of electric motors small enough to be connected directly to each piece of machinery, line shafting was used to distribute power from a large central power source to machinery transmitted through branching belts or gear drives. The central power source could be a water wheel, turbine, windmill, animal power, or a steam engine. Power was distributed from the shaft to the machinery by a system of belts, pulleys and gears known as millworks.
Prediction of volcanic activity
Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption. Of particular importance is the prediction of hazardous eruptions that could lead to catastrophic loss of life, property, and disruption of human activities.

Risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction, which are not necessarily the same thing in the context of volcanoes, where opinions have often played a role, and the prediction in time (forecasting) for an individual volcano is different from predicting eruption characteristics for apparently similar volcanoes. Both forecasting and prediction have processes based on past and present data.

Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.
Cedar Avenue
Cedar Avenue is a roadway that runs from Minneapolis to Northfield in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The roadway is  known as Minnesota State Highway 77 in the busiest portion of the route, from Minneapolis to Apple Valley. The portions north and south of this are county roads, Hennepin County 152 and Dakota County 23, respectively. Its northern terminus in Minneapolis is at Washington Avenue in Cedar-Riverside, though its alignment is briefly interrupted by an interchange at Hiawatha Avenue to the south.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 52
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 52 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Berks and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania that provide the public with providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
A. N. M. Nuruzzaman
A.N.M Nuruzzaman Bir Uttom (2 December 1938 – 16 March 1993) was a Bangladeshi army officer, who was also a sector commander in the Bangladeshi War of Liberation. After the war he served as the first and only director general of the paramilitary force Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini.

Bir Uttom
Bir Uttom (Bengali: বীর উত্তম, lit. 'Great Valiant Hero') is the second highest award for individual gallantry in Bangladesh after the Bir Sreshtho and the highest gallantry award for living individual.

Since the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, 69 people have been awarded the Bir Uttom.
Supper at Emmaus (Pontormo)
Supper at Emmaus is a 1525 oil on canvas painting by Pontormo and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is one of the smallest works signed and dated by the artist, in this case on the abandoned scroll in the foreground.

The work's chiaroscuro, high light-source, realism and freeze-frame composition proved an important precedent for Caravaggio, Velázquez and Francisco de Zurbarán.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
Lynne Muthoni Wanyeki
Lynne Mūthoni Wanyeki (born 1972) is a Kenyan political scientist, human rights activist, journalist, and the current Regional Director of Open Society Foundation's Africa Regional Office. Wanyeki is the former Regional Director of Amnesty International's Regional Office for East Africa, the Horn, and the Great Lakes. She is also the former Executive Director of the Kenya Human Rights Commission and the African Women's Development and Communication Network (FEMNET).

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Share (P2P)
Share (シャレ(洒落),シェア) is the name for a closed-source P2P application being developed in Japan by ファイル倉庫, a pseudonym translating as 'file warehouse.'  Share was developed to be the successor to Winny. Like Winny, Share functions using a distributed data store referred to as a cache with each computer acting as a node in the network. Netagent published a survey in June 2018 suggesting that Share was the third most popular p2p network in Japan after Winny and Perfect Dark (P2P) with approximately 10,000 nodes connecting each day over Golden Week, down from 30,000 in 2015.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Brazil at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Brazil sent a delegation to compete at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan from 7–22 February 1998. The delegation consisted of a single athlete Marcelo Apovian, who competed in alpine skiing.  Making his second Olympic appearance, he finished his only event, the men's super-G in 37th place, last among those who finished the race.

Alpine skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Men's super-G
The men's super-G competition of the Nagano 1998 Olympics was held at Hakuba on Monday, February 16.

The defending world champion was Atle Skardal of Norway, France's Luc Alphand was the defending World Cup Super G champion, and Markus Wasmeier of Germany was the defending Olympic champion; all three had since retired from competition.

Just three days after a spectacular crash in the downhill, Austria's Hermann Maier returned to win the gold medal, and teammate Hans Knauss tied for the silver with Didier Cuche of Switzerland.

The course started at an elevation of 1,490 m (4,888 ft) above sea level with a vertical drop of 650 m (2,133 ft) and a course length of 2.407 km (1.50 mi).  Maier's winning time of 94.82 seconds yielded an average course speed of 91.386 km/h (56.8 mph), with an average vertical descent rate of 6.855 m/s (22.5 ft/s).
Institute of Jamaica
The Institute of Jamaica (IOJ), founded in 1879, is the country's most significant cultural, artistic and scientific organisation: a patron and promoter of the arts in Jamaica, sponsoring exhibitions and awards. It is also the country's museums authority, as well as administering other national arts and cultural outlets including the National Gallery, the African Caribbean Institute of Jamaica, and the Jamaica Journal.

National Gallery of Jamaica
The National Gallery of Jamaica, in Kingston, Jamaica, is Jamaica's public art museum. It was established in 1974 and is located in the Kingston Mall, a commercial and cultural center on Kingston harbour. The National Gallery of Jamaica also has a branch in Montego Bay, National Gallery West.

The gallery houses various important works, mostly by artists from Jamaica, including John Dunkley, Mallica "Kapo" Reynolds, Edna Manley, Barrington Watson, Albert Artwell, Everald Brown, Cecil Baugh, Albert Huie, Carl Abrahams, Osmond Watson, Judy Ann MacMillan, Omari Ra, Laura Facey, Jasmine Thomas-Girvan, Petrona Morrison, Hope Brooks, Ebony G. Patterson, Philip Thomas and Leasho Johnson.

The National Gallery also exhibits works by various international artists and traveling exhibitions. It offers research material on Jamaican art and culture, and coordinates educational programmes.
Seventh Mahathir cabinet
Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, being the Prime Minister of Malaysia for the second time on 10 May 2018, formed the seventh Mahathir cabinet after being invited by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Muhammad V to form a new government. It was the 20th cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. Initially, he announced that the Cabinet will be composed of 10 key ministries only representing Pakatan Harapan parties, i.e. Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP) and National Trust Party (AMANAH), as he suggested "to being a small Cabinet" rather than to have "a huge Cabinet". Then, on 21 May 2018, that list has expanded by 13 ministries. On 2 July 2018, 13 Ministers and 23 Deputy Ministers took office. It was a cabinet of 28 ministers until their fall on 24 February 2020 following Mahathir's resignation.

National Trust Party (Malaysia)
The National Trust Party (Malay: Parti Amanah Negara, AMANAH) is a political party in Malaysia advocating a reformist strand of political Islam. The party was founded as the Malaysia Workers' Party (Malay: Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia; abbrev: PPPM) before being taken over in August 2015 by Gerakan Harapan Baru, a group of moderate-to-progressive Islamist leaders from the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party that had lost a party election. The party was rebranded on 16 September 2015. The party currently has eight elected Members of Parliament. It is one of the three component parties of the incumbent Pakatan Harapan coalition in Malaysia.
Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson
Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson, CBE, DSO, PC (13 April 1875 – 5 October 1930) was a British Army officer who went on to serve as a Labour minister and peer. He served as Secretary of State for Air under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and between 1929 and 1930, when he was killed in the R101 disaster.

Secretary of State for Air
The Secretary of State for Air was a secretary of state position in the British government that existed from 1919 to 1964. The person holding this position was in charge of the Air Ministry. The Secretary of State for Air was supported by the Under-Secretary of State for Air.
Qaraoun
Qaraoun is a Lebanese village, 85 km from Beirut, known for its Lake Qaraoun in the Beqaa Valley formed by the El Wauroun Dam built in 1959. It is an ecologically fragile zone in the   Western Beqaa District. The village lies about 800 m above sea level. The dam is located nearby on the Litani River.

Litani River
The Litani River (Arabic: نهر الليطاني, romanized: Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (Ancient Greek: Λεόντης, romanized: Leóntes, lit. 'lion river'), known in medieval times as Līṭa (Arabic: نهر ليطا, romanized: Nahr Līṭā), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon. The river rises in the fertile Beqaa Valley, west of Baalbek, and empties into the Mediterranean Sea north of Tyre. Exceeding 140 kilometres (87 mi) in length, the Litani is the longest river that flows entirely in Lebanon and provides an average annual flow estimated at 920 million cubic meters (over 240 million Imperial gallons or 243 million U.S. gallons). The Litani provides a major source for water supply, irrigation and hydroelectricity both within Southern Lebanon, and the country as a whole.
Menstrual hygiene management
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) or menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) is the access to menstrual hygiene products to absorb or collect the flow of blood during menstruation, privacy to change the materials, and access to facilities to dispose of used menstrual management materials. It can also include the "broader systemic factors that link menstruation with health, well-being, gender equality, education, equity, empowerment, and rights". Menstrual hygiene management can be particularly challenging for girls and women in developing countries, where clean water and toilet facilities are often inadequate. Menstrual waste is largely ignored in schools in developing countries, despite it being a significant problem. Menstruation can be a barrier to education for many girls, as a lack of effective sanitary products restricts girls' involvement in educational and social activities.

Culture and menstruation
There are many cultural aspects surrounding how societies view menstruation. Different cultures view menstruation in different ways. The basis of many conduct norms and communication about menstruation in western industrial societies is the belief that menstruation should remain hidden. By contrast, in some indigenous hunter-gatherer societies, menstrual observances are viewed in a positive light, without any connotation of uncleanness.  In most of India, menarche is celebrated as a rite of passage.

A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation. In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing, inhibiting even the mention of menstruation whether in public (in the media and advertising) or in private (among friends, in the household, or with men). Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean, although anthropologists say that the concepts 'sacred' and 'unclean' may be intimately connected.
Lipán M3
The Lipán M3 is a surveillance, reconnaissance and intelligence unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by Ejército Argentino (Argentine Army) since 1996. The Lipán M3 is also the first UAV developed in Latin America.

Argentine Army
The Argentine Army (Spanish: Ejército Argentino, EA) is the land force branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic and the senior military service of Argentina. Under the Argentine Constitution, the president of Argentina is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. Command authority is exercised through the Minister of Defense.

The Army's official foundation date is May 29, 1810 (celebrated in Argentina as the Army Day), four days after the Spanish colonial administration in Buenos Aires was overthrown. The new national army was formed out of several pre-existing colonial militia units and locally manned regiments; most notably the Infantry Regiment "Patricios", which to this date is still an active unit.
2024 US Open (court tennis)
The 2024 Court tennis US Open was the 74th edition of the US Open. The men's event was held at the Racquet Club of Philadelphia February 20-29, 2024, and was organized by the United States Court Tennis Association, forming part of the qualifying series for the 2025 Real Tennis World Championship. The women's event was held at the Tuxedo Club in Tuxedo Park, New York May 17-19, 2024. The men's draw was the second grand slam event of the year.

The men's singles draw was won by incumbent World Champion Camden Riviere for the 12th consecutive time. Riviere also won the men's doubles draw alongside Tim Chisholm, their 12th US Open title as a pairing.  The women's singles draw was won by incumbent World Champion Claire Fahey, her ninth US Open singles victory and her fourth consecutive victory (excepting the two editions not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic. She also won the doubles draw with Alex Brodie, their first victory as a pairing since 2014.

Grand Slam (real tennis)
A Grand Slam in the sport of real tennis is earned by a player who holds the following titles in the same calendar year:

Australian Open

US Open

French Open

British Open

The concept was borrowed from lawn tennis's Grand Slam. As not all events have been played in the same season, 1981 was the first year it was possible to attain all four major titles.

In 1984, Chris Ronaldson was the first to win the Grand Slam. In 2000 and 2001, Robert Fahey earned back-to-back Grand Slams, and earned a third Grand Slam in 2008. Camden Riviere earned Grand Slams in 2017 and 2019. For women, Charlotte Cornwallis completed it in 2006, while Claire Fahey has done so on seven occasions so in 2010, 2011, 2012 2014, 2017, 2019 and 2024.
Holly Furphy
Holly Furphy (born 29 April 2002) is an Australian soccer player. She plays as a forward for Melbourne Victory in the A-League Women. Upon debut, during the 2024–25 season, she scored her first goal. In May 2025, Melbourne Victory were runners-up in the grand final to champions, Central Coast Mariners. Furphy has represented Australia in the Australia U-20s (Young Matildas) and Australia U-23s. The latter team won the 2025 ASEAN Women's Championship and she was awarded Most Valuable Player of the tournament.

Australia women's national under-20 soccer team
The Australian women's national under-20 soccer team represents Australia in international women's under-20 soccer. The team is controlled by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia (FA), which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is the Young Matildas.
Brian Mason (American football)
Brian S. Mason is an American football coach and former player who is the special teams coordinator for  the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He was previously the special teams coordinator at University of Notre Dame in 2022 where he had one of the best special teams unit in the country. The year before he was The University of Cincinnati special teams coordinator. Prior to that, Mason was the Director of Recruiting at The University of Cincinnati for the 2017 season. Mason was a Graduate Assistant from 2009 to 2016 with stops at Bluffton (Graduate defensive line coach, 2009–11), Kent State (2012), Purdue (2013–14), and Ohio State (2015–2016). He played running back at Denison for two years before an injury forced him to transition from player to coach. He was a student assistant running back coach at Denison for the 2007 and 2008 seasons.

Denison University
Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of William S. Denison, a major early benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in fall 2023. Students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.
Tony Christiansen
Anthony (Tony) Steven Christiansen (born 23 October 1958) is a motivational and inspirational speaker from New Zealand who lost his legs as a result of a train accident in his childhood.

He has challenged himself in numerous sporting and business areas, is the author of several best-selling books and has appeared in a number of TV documentaries.

In his presentations, Christiansen starts by climbing a 1.5-metre high scaffolding and exudes a strong presence. His theme is self belief; "Your attitude determines your altitude in life". He shares his life story and the secrets to his success and encourages his audience to set their own challenges, rather than accept the limitations imposed by their own attitudes and other people's perception.

Motivational speaker
A motivational speaker (or inspirational speaker) is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Such speakers may attempt to  challenge or transform their audiences. The speech itself is popularly known as a pep talk.

Motivational speakers can deliver speeches at schools, colleges, places of worship, companies, corporations, government agencies, conferences, trade shows, summits, community organizations, and similar environments.