hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michelle Lee (singer)
Michelle Lee (Korean: 이미쉘; born September 9, 1991) is a South Korean singer. After successfully auditioning for K-pop Star season 1 in 2011, she was eventually signed to YG Entertainment as part of a new girl group called SuPearls. However, after two years of training, the group was suddenly disbanded before they could debut and Lee's contract was nullified.

She was signed as of 2013 to DIMA Entertainment, the affiliate agency of her alma mater, the Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts.

YG Entertainment
YG Entertainment (Korean: YG 엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1996 by Yang Hyun-suk. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates a number of subsidiary ventures under a separate public traded company, YG Plus, which includes a clothing line, a golf management agency, and a cosmetics brand. However, despite various business expansions, most of the ventures were discontinued due to a lack of profitability.

Current artists include Eun Ji-won, Winner, Blackpink, Treasure, and Babymonster.

Former artists include Swi.T, Moogadang, Wheesung, 1TYM, Big Mama, Gummy, Seven, Nam Tae-hyun, 2NE1, Psy, Epik High, One, Lee Hi, Jinusean, Bang Yedam, Mashiho, iKon, Jisoo, Jennie, Rosé, Lisa, BigBang, Sechs Kies, and AKMU.
Tram types in Adelaide
This article describes the tram types in Adelaide that have operated for the past 147 years: from early days when they undertook a major share of the public transport task before car ownership was well established; through the 49-year period when only one tram line operated; to the city's 21st-century tramways revival.

Glenelg tram line
The Glenelg tram line is a tram/light rail line in Adelaide. The line has its own reservation for most of its length, with street-running sections in the city centre and Glenelg.

The service is free in the city centre and along the route to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in Hindmarsh. The service is also free along the length of Jetty Road, Glenelg to Moseley Square. Three routes in total operate on the network: Glenelg to the Royal Adelaide Hospital, with select peak services that continue to the Adelaide Entertainment Centre; Glenelg to the Adelaide Festival Centre, which operates only on weekends and Adelaide Oval event days; and the Adelaide Entertainment Centre to the Adelaide Botanic Garden.

Services between the city and Glenelg follow the same route since its conversion to tram operation in 1929 and survived the tram network closures of the 50s. The line has been gradually extended through the city centre since the 2000s, with the latest extension opening in 2018.
Anthology (Juice Newton album)
Anthology is a compilation album by American country pop singer Juice Newton.  It was originally released by Renaissance Records on October 13, 1998.  The album covers her career from 1975 to 1989 and features 19 songs taken from her albums Juice Newton & Silver Spur, Juice, Quiet Lies, Can't Wait All Night, Old Flame, Emotion, and Ain't Gonna Cry.  However, it includes the 1975 take of "The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)" from the first RCA album, not the 1981 hit version from Juice.

Juice (Juice Newton album)
Juice is the million selling plus sixth studio album and third solo album by American country rock singer Juice Newton. The album was released in February 1981 by Capitol Records and was her first major success.
Elmendorph Inn
The Elmendorph Inn, is the oldest building in the village of Red Hook, New York, United States. It is located at the north corner of North Broadway (US 9) and Cherry Street, a block north of the junction of Route 9 and NY 199.

It was built in the mid-18th century as an inn to serve long-distance travelers on the Albany Post Road. In the 1810s, it became the meeting place of the Red Hook Town Board for the next several decades. It has had a number of owners; the Elmendorphs are the earliest known ones. In the 1830s, it was expanded and renovated, eventually becoming just a residence. After a recent restoration it has become a community center. In 1978 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Albany Post Road
The Albany Post Road was a post road – a road used for mail delivery – in the U.S. state of New York. It connected New York City and Albany along the east side of the Hudson River, a service now performed by U.S. Route 9 (US 9).
Alabama real estate bubble of the 1810s
The Alabama real estate bubble of the 1810s was a real estate bubble  centered on Huntsville, caused by increasing cotton prices resulting from demand from English textile manufacturers, relatively high cotton yields in Alabama, as well as general speculation. In 1817, property in Madison County sold for around $2 per acre, while in 1818 it sold for $7.40 per acre on average, with some tracts reportedly sold "at prices ranging from $20 to $78 per acre," at a time when land on the American frontier was sold for $2 per acre. By 1819, acreage prices plummeted to around $0.20 per acre due to the Panic of 1819 and increasing global supply of cotton.

Madison County, Alabama
Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 388,153, and according to a 2023 population estimate the county has become the second-most populous county in Alabama after only Jefferson County, home to Birmingham. Its county seat is Huntsville. Since the mid-20th century it has become an area of defense and space research and industry. The county is named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the United States and the first President to visit the state of Alabama. Madison County covers parts of the former Decatur County. Madison County is included in the Huntsville, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
University Press (Lamar University)
The University Press, also commonly referred to as the UP, is the student-run newspaper of Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas, United States. The student newspaper gained the name University Press in 1971.

Lamar University
Lamar University (Lamar or LU) is a public university in Beaumont, Texas, United States. Lamar has been a member of the Texas State University System since 1995. It was the flagship institution of the former Lamar University System. As of the fall of 2024, the university enrollment was 17,850 students. Lamar University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and named for Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas.

The university campus has an urban setting and the core campus of LU is 299-plus acres. LU is organized into five undergraduate colleges, one graduate college and an honors college.
Cam Crabtree
Cameron Crabtree (born 21 September 2003) is an English darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "Shazam", he obtained a PDC Tour Card at 2025 Q-School. Crabtree is a two-time semi-finalist in Players Championship events. He won two events on the 2023 PDC Challenge Tour.

In his youth career, Crabtree has found success in the PDC's youth system, topping the 2025 PDC Development Tour, winning five titles.

He previously competed in World Darts Federation (WDF) events, winning a silver and bronze medal at the WDF Europe Cup.

2025 PDC Pro Tour
The 2025 PDC Pro Tour was a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Players Championships and European Tours are the events that make up the Pro Tour. The 2025 calendar consisted of 34 Players Championship events and 14 European Tour events, as well as 24 events for each of the PDC's secondary tours—the Challenge Tour, Development Tour and Women's Series.
Duke Pius August in Bavaria
Duke Pius August in Bavaria, full German name: Pius August Herzog in Bayern (born 1 August 1786 in Landshut, Electorate of Bavaria; died 3 August 1837 in Bayreuth, Kingdom of Bavaria) was a Duke in Bavaria as a member of the Palatine Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen line of the House of Wittelsbach. He was the paternal grandfather of Empress Elisabeth of Austria through his son Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria, as well as the great-grandfather of Queen Elisabeth of the Belgians and an ancestor of the current generations of the Belgian and Italian Royal Families and the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
Helen M. Chan
Helen M. Chan is a British-born American materials scientist, and teacher. She is the New Jersey Zinc Professor at Lehigh University. Her work considers the development of ceramic-metal nanocomposites. She is on the board of directors of the American Ceramic Society.

American Ceramic Society
The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) is a nonprofit organization for professionals in the ceramics and glass community, with a focus on scientific research, emerging technologies, and applications in which ceramic materials are an element. ACerS is located in Westerville, Ohio.

ACerS members are engineers, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, plant personnel, educators, students, and marketing and sales representatives. Approximately 35% of the Society’s members reside outside the United States.
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football
The Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football (also known as ULM Warhawks, formerly competing as the Northeast Louisiana Indians) program is a college football team that represents the University of Louisiana at Monroe (ULM).

With a history dating back to 1931, ULM competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), as a member of the Sun Belt Conference, and play their home games on campus at Malone Stadium in Monroe, Louisiana. Formerly known as the Indians, the Warhawks nickname was adopted in 2006.

They moved up to Division I-A (now FBS) in 1994. The Warhawks played in their first and only FBS bowl game in 2012, in the Independence Bowl in Shreveport, losing 45–14 to the Ohio Bobcats. Their thirteen-year drought is currently the longest among all NCAA Division I FBS teams.

2012 Independence Bowl
The 2012 AdvoCare V100 Independence Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game held on December 28, 2012, at Independence Stadium in Shreveport, Louisiana, in the United States. The 37th edition of the Independence Bowl began at 1:00 p.m. CST and aired on ESPN. The game's title sponsor was AdvoCare, an American dietary supplement company.

The game featured the Ohio Bobcats from the Mid-American Conference against the Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks from the Sun Belt Conference and was the final game of the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season for both teams.  Both the Bobcats and the Warhawks accepted their invitation after finishing at 8–4 during the regular season. This was both teams' first appearance in the Independence Bowl.
Braeden Lemasters
Braeden Matthew Lemasters (born January 27, 1996) is an American musician and actor. He began his career as a child actor, receiving recognition for his role as Albert Tranelli in the TNT comedy-drama series Men of a Certain Age (2009–2011). He has made guest appearances in several television series such as, Criminal Minds, ER, House, Grey's Anatomy and Amazon Prime Video's The Romanoffs. He is also the lead guitarist and co-lead singer for the American alternative rock band Wallows.

In films, Lemasters has appeared in the thriller film The Stepfather (2009), the romantic comedy film Easy A (2010), the family comedy film A Christmas Story 2 (2012) and the horror film Totem (2017).

The Stepfather (2009 film)
The Stepfather is a 2009 American psychological horror film directed by Nelson McCormick. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name which was loosely based on the crimes of mass murderer John List. The film stars Dylan Walsh, Sela Ward, Penn Badgley, Amber Heard and Jon Tenney.

The Stepfather was released in the United States by Sony Pictures Releasing on October 16, 2009. The film received negative reviews from critics and grossed $31 million against its $20 million budget.
Dagenham Park Church of England School
Dagenham Park Church of England School or Dagenham Park School, previously known as Dagenham Priory, is a secondary school located in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. The school has improving GCSE results.

Dagenham Park is an average sized comprehensive school for students between 11 and 18 years.

The school has students from a wide range of ethnic groups and a designated unit for 50 students with moderate learning difficulties.

London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham (pronunciationⓘ) is a London borough in East London. The borough was created in 1965 as the London Borough of Barking; the name was changed in 1980. It is an Outer London borough and the south is within the London Riverside section of the Thames Gateway, an area designated as a national priority for urban regeneration. At the 2011 census it had a population of 187,000. The borough's three main towns are Barking, Chadwell Heath, and Dagenham. The local authority is the Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council. Barking and Dagenham was one of six London boroughs to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.
First Colony
First Colony is a 9,700-acre (39 km2) master-planned community in Fort Bend County, Texas. The community, with approximately 50,000 residents, encompasses over 9,500 residential houses in 98 neighborhoods located across southern parts of Sugar Land with a few neighborhoods spanning into Missouri City.

Missouri City, Texas
Missouri City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County, with a small portion in Harris County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 74,259, an increase over the figure of 67,358 tabulated in 2010.
Bayer process
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce  alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (Al2O3), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. The aluminium oxide must be further purified before it can be refined into aluminium.

The Bayer process is also the main source of gallium as a byproduct despite low extraction yields.

Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes. It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.
Mikhail Belyayev
Mikhail Alekseyevich Belyayev (23 December 1863 – 1918) was a Russian general. During World War I he was the Chief of Staff of the Imperial Russian Army from 1914 to 1916 and the Minister of War of the Russian Empire in 1917.

Chief of the General Staff (Russia)
The Chief of the General Staff (Russian: Начальник Генерального штаба) is the head of the General Staff and the highest ranking officer of the Russian Armed Forces or is also the senior-most uniformed military officer. He is appointed by the President of Russia, who is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The position dates to the period of the Russian Empire. The current Chief of the General Staff is Army General Valery Gerasimov.
Swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle
The men's 100 metre freestyle was a swimming event held as part of the swimming at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fourth appearance of the event, which had not been featured at the 1900 Games. The competition was held from Saturday July 6, 1912, to Wednesday July 10, 1912. Thirty-four swimmers from twelve nations competed. The event was won by Duke Kahanamoku of the United States, the nation's second consecutive victory in the event (tying Hungary for most all-time). Cecil Healy took silver, the only medal in the event for Australasia, the short-lived joint team of Australia and New Zealand. Another American, Ken Huszagh, took bronze.

Cecil Healy
Cecil Patrick Healy (28 November 1881 – 29 August 1918) was an Australian freestyle swimmer of the 1900s and 1910s, who won silver in the 100 m freestyle at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. He also won gold in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. He was killed in the First World War at the Somme during an attack on a German trench. Healy was the second swimmer behind Frederick Lane to represent Australia in Swimming and has been allocated the number "2" by Swimming Australia on a list of all Australians who have represented Australia at an Open International Level.
Onezhsky District
Onezhsky District (Russian: Оне́жский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Onezhsky Municipal District.  It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Primorsky District in the northeast, Plesetsky District in the southeast, Pudozhsky, Medvezhyegorsky, and Segezhsky Districts of the Republic of Karelia in the southwest, and with Belomorsky District of the Republic of Karelia in the west. In the north, the district is washed by the White Sea. The area of the district is 23,740 square kilometers (9,170 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Onega (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  14,017 (2010 Census); 16,791 (2002 Census); 22,269 (1989 Soviet census).

Pudozhsky District
Pudozhsky District (Russian: Пу́дожский райо́н; Karelian: Puudožin piiri) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic. The area of the district is 12,700 square kilometers (4,900 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pudozh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 21,659, with the population of Pudozh accounting for 44.8% of that number.
Petrolithium
Petrolithium is lithium derived from petroleum brine, the mineral-rich salt solution that is brought to the surface during oil and gas production and exploration.

Oil companies manage petroleum brine as a waste product, usually by reinjecting the brine back into the ground for enhanced oil recovery or disposal. A small percent is also used for "beneficial reuse," which can include production of drilling fluids, irrigation or dust and ice control.

In recent years, several companies have explored technologies to extract the abundant minerals that are found in brines, including from petroleum brine. These minerals include lithium, silicon, magnesium and potassium.

Waste valorization
Waste valorization, beneficial reuse, value recovery or waste reclamation is the process of waste products or residues from an economic process being valorized (given economic value), by reuse or recycling in order to create economically useful materials. The term comes from practices in sustainable manufacturing and economics, industrial ecology and waste management. The term is usually applied in industrial processes where residue from creating or processing one good is used as a raw material or energy feedstock for another industrial process. Industrial wastes in particular are good candidates for valorization because they tend to be more consistent and predictable than other waste, such as household waste.

Increased regulation of residual materials and socioeconomic changes, such as the introduction of ideas about sustainable development and circular economy  in the 1990s and 2000s increased focus on industrial practices to recover resources as value add materials.
Julia Scheeres
Julia Scheeres is a journalist and nonfiction author. Born in Lafayette, Indiana, Scheeres received a bachelor's degree in Spanish from Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and a master's in journalism from the University of Southern California. Now living and working in San Francisco, California, she has been a contributor to the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Wired News, and LA Weekly. She is a 2006 recipient of the Alex Awards.

Alex Awards
The Alex Awards annually recognize "ten books written for adults that have special appeal to young adults ages 12 through 18". Since 2002, the Alex Awards have been administered by the Young Adult Library Services Association, a division of the American Library Association.

The awards, initially bestowed in 1998, were named after Baltimore librarian Margaret Alexander Edwards, who was known as "Alex". They are sponsored by the Margaret Alexander Edwards Trust and Booklist magazine. Books published during the previous year are eligible for the awards.
Narahari Acharya
Narahari Acharya, (Nepali:नरहरि आचार्य) a central member of Nepali Congress, assumed the post of the Minister of Law, Justice, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Peace and Reconstruction on 25 February 2014 under Sushil Koirala-led government.

He is a member of the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won the Kathmandu–5 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from the Nepali Congress.

Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (Nepal)
The Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (Nepali: कानून, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय) is a governmental body of Nepal dealing with the management of the judicial administration, legal affairs and legislative activities. The minister is one of the most-senior officers in the Federal Cabinet.
Ahmed Amin Hamza
Ahmed Amin Hamza FAAS FRMS SPIE (Arabic: أحمد أمين حمزة) is an Egyptian emeritus professor of physics at the Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura. He was a former President  and Vice President of the institution and an ex-President of the British University in Egypt.  He is a member of African Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the institute of physics.

SPIE
SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering.  The society publishes peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference proceedings, monographs, tutorial texts, field guides, and reference volumes in print and online. SPIE is especially well-known for Photonics West, one of the laser and photonics industry's largest combined conferences and tradeshows which is held annually in San Francisco.  SPIE also participates as partners in leading educational initiatives, and in 2020, for example, provided more than $5.8 million in support of optics education and outreach programs around the world.