hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visual cycle
The visual cycle is a process in the retina that replenishes the molecule retinal for its use in vision. Retinal is the chromophore of most visual opsins, meaning it captures the photons to begin the phototransduction cascade. When the photon is absorbed, the 11-cis retinal photoisomerizes into all-trans retinal as it is ejected from the opsin protein. Each molecule of retinal must travel from the photoreceptor cell to the RPE and back in order to be refreshed and combined with another opsin. This closed enzymatic pathway of 11-cis retinal is sometimes called Wald's visual cycle after George Wald (1906–1997), who received the Nobel Prize in 1967 for his work towards its discovery.

Retinal pigment epithelium
The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.
1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake
The 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred near the Aleutian Islands, Alaska on April 1, 1946. The shock measured (Mw) 8.6, Mt 9.3 or (Ms) 7.4. It had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). It resulted in 165–173 casualties and over US$26 million (equivalent to $429,000,000 in 2025) in damage. The seafloor along the fault was elevated, triggering a Pacific-wide tsunami with multiple destructive waves at heights ranging from 45–138 ft (14–42 m). The tsunami obliterated the Scotch Cap Lighthouse on Unimak Island, Alaska among others, and killed all five lighthouse keepers. Despite the destruction to the Aleutian Island Unimak, the tsunami had an almost imperceptible effect on the Alaskan mainland.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Unplugged (Arrested Development album)
Unplugged is a live album by American hip hop group Arrested Development. Performing live at the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City on December 17, 1992, their performance was recorded for the MTV Unplugged television series.

Arrested Development (group)
Arrested Development is an American hip hop group formed in 1988 in Atlanta by rapper and producer Speech and turntablist Headliner. The group offered an Afrocentric, socially conscious alternative to the prevalent gangsta rap of the late 1980s, and gained critical and commercial success with its 1992 debut album, 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of.... The album topped the Village Voice's Pazz & Jop Critics' Poll and sold over 6 million copies globally. In 1993, Arrested Development became the first hip hop act to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, also receiving the award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.

After the commercial disappointment of their 1994 follow-up, Zingalamaduni, the group disbanded in 1996. They reunited in 2000 and have continued to tour and release music independently through Speech's label, addressing themes of racial justice, spirituality, and environmental issues.
Sander Duits
Sander Duits (born 29 August 1983) is a Dutch football manager and former professional footballer who is the head coach of Eerste Divisie club RKC Waalwijk.

As a central midfielder during his playing career, Duits represented De Graafschap, Omniworld, RKC Waalwijk, and Go Ahead Eagles. He notably won the Eerste Divisie title with RKC Waalwijk in the 2010–11 season, subsequently playing several seasons in the Eredivisie. Following retirement from professional football in 2017 due to persistent knee issues, he transitioned into coaching and served as an assistant at RKC Waalwijk and Twente before becoming head coach at RKC Waalwijk in 2025.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
Spelling test
A spelling test is an assessment of a person's (usually a student's) ability to spell words correctly. Spelling tests are usually given in school during language arts class, to see how well each student has learned the most recent spelling lesson.  Typical intervals for spelling tests are one per week throughout the school year, except for spelling bees, which are generally held once per year. Spelling tests are associated with linguistic prescriptivism, the idea that language should be used in a certain manner as opposed to others.

Spelling bee
A spelling bee is a competition in which contestants are asked to spell a broad selection of words, usually with a varying degree of difficulty. To compete, contestants must memorize the spellings of words as written in dictionaries, and recite them accordingly.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Ai coração" performed by Mimicat. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP), organised the national final Festival da Canção 2023 in order to select its entry for the contest. After two semi-finals and a final which took place in February–March 2023, "Ai coração" emerged as the winner after achieving the highest score following the combination of votes from seven regional juries and a public televote.

Portugal was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 2023. Performing during the show in position 5, "Ai coração" was announced as one of the top 10 entries and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 13 May.  In the final, Portugal performed in position 2 and placed 23rd out of the 26 countries with 59 points (43 from the jury vote and 16 from the public vote).

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the public service broadcasting organisation of Portugal. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings.

The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004.

RTP is funded by a broadcasting contribution tax which is incorporated in electricity bills, and by advertising revenues.
Missionaries of La Salette
The Missionaries of Our Lady of La Salette (M.S. - Missionarium Saletiniensis) are a religious congregation of priests and brothers in the Latin Church. They are named after the apparition of Our Lady of La Salette in France. There is also a parallel religious community of sisters called the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of La Salette.  A lay fraternal group of associates also works in cooperation with the vowed religious. The Missionaries are dedicated to making known the message of Our Lady of La Salette, a call to healing of inner brokenness and personal reconciliation with God, especially as found in the first three commandments. The missionaries are popularly known as "the La Salettes."

Presbyter
Presbyter (/ˈprɛzbɪtər/) is an honorific title for Christian clergy. The word derives from the Greek presbyteros, which means elder or senior, although many in Christian antiquity understood presbyteros to refer to the bishop functioning as overseer. The word presbyter is used many times in the New Testament, referring both to the Jewish leadership and the "tradition of the elders", and to the leaders of the early Christian community.

In modern Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican usage, presbyter is distinct from bishop: in Roman Catholicism it means Catholic priest. In other Protestant usage, for example, Methodism, presbyter does not refer to a member of a distinctive priesthood called priests but rather to a minister, pastor, or elder.
Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet
Pantelimon Erhan Cabinet was the Cabinet of Moldova (7 / 20 December 1917 - 13 / 26 January 1918).

It was the first cabinet of the Moldavian Democratic Republic. The government fell after the occupation of the Republic by the Romanian troops. Erhan, along with Ion Inculeț, president of the National Assembly, and Gherman Pântea, Director of Armed Forces, were accused by the nationalist Directors of opposing the entry of the Romanian Army, sending the Moldavian National Guard against it, and negotiating  with the Bolshevik-dominated council that controlled the capital during early January.

Sfatul Țării
Sfatul Țării ("Council of the Country"; Romanian pronunciation: [ˈsfatul ˈt͡sərij]) was a council of political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the Governorate of Bessarabia in Tsarist Russia.  This became a legislative body which established the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Federative Republic in December 1917. and then union with Romania in April [O.S. March] 1918.
Ruth Ashdown
Ruth Ashdown (born 13 September 1978) is an English retired Muay Thai kickboxer who competed professionally from 2007 to 2018. She is the former WBC Muaythai world flyweight and super-bantamweight champion, as well as the former WBC Muaythai International and Diamond champion. She is one of just five diamond belt holders in the world.

Ashdown is the former World Muaythai Council European flyweight and the former International Combat Organisation Muay Thai champion. She is also the former ISKA Oriental Rules world flyweight champion, and IKF British Pro flyweight champion.

In 2018 the UK Muay Thai Awards voted her the Best Female Fighter of the Year, and in 2020 World Boxing Council inducted her into the Hall of Fame.

International Kickboxing Federation
The International Kickboxing Federation (IKF) is a sanctioning body for kickboxing and Muay Thai based in the United States. The IKF sanctions and regulates all aspects of these sports from Semi Contact (IKF Point Kickboxing (IKF/PKB)) to Full Contact in both Amateur and professional levels. The IKF World Headquarters located in Newcastle, California, USA oversees over 2,000 IKF events a year around the world.
Adané
Adané is a small town in the Ogooué et des Lacs Department, Moyen-Ogooué Province, in northwestern Gabon. It lies near the  Ogooue River about 20 kilometres north of Lambaréné, and about 12 kilometres north of Nzorbang.

The  N1 road connects the town to Lambaréné across the Mbiné river.

Lambaréné
Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. It has a population of 38,775 as of 2013, and is located 75 kilometres south of the equator.

Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This district hosts the Lambaréné Airport.

Today Lambaréné is inhabited mainly by Bantu ethnic groups such as the Fang, Bapounou, Eshira, and Myéné; these displaced the Pygmies to the east and north of Gabon. The main economic activity in the town is the fishery and a new port is under construction.
Savarna (gotra)
Savarna (Sanskrit: सावर्ण, IAST: sāvarṇa) or Savarni/Shavarna is a Brahmin gotra that comprises Kanyakubja Brahmins and Saryupareen Brahmins who are the descendants of sage Savarna Muni. The origins of Savarna gotra can be traced back to the origins of Kanyakubja Brahmins in Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh.

Among Bengalis, the common surname for Savarna gotra is Ganguly or Gangopadhyay.

Gotra
In Hindu culture, the term gotra (Sanskrit: गोत्र) is considered to be equivalent to lineage. It broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor or patriline. Generally, the gotra forms an exogamous unit, with marriage within the same gotra being regarded as incest and prohibited by custom. The name of the gotra can be used as a surname, but it is different from a surname and is strictly maintained because of its importance in marriages among Hindus, especially among castes. Pāṇini defines gotra as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram (IV. 1. 162), which means "the word gotra denotes the descendance (or descendants), apatya, of a couple consisting of a pautra, a son and a bharti, a mother, i.e. a daughter-in-law."  (Based on Monier Williams Dictionary definitions.)
Takraf India Pvt. Ltd.
TAKRAF India Private Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of TAKRAF GmbH. As with its parent  company, TAKRAF India provides equipment, systems and services to the mining and associated industries through the TAKRAF and DELKOR brands.

TAKRAF India operates a DELKOR product & service center in Bengaluru, dedicated to DELKOR minerals processing equipment

Takraf GmbH
TAKRAF Group (“TAKRAF”), is a global German industrial company. Through its brands, TAKRAF and DELKOR, the Group provides equipment, systems and services to the mining and associated industries.

The TAKRAF portfolio covers high-capacity run-of-mine and bulk material handling from overburden removal, to raw material extraction, comminution, conveying, loading/unloading, processing, homogenizing, blending and storage to final loading for onward shipment. TAKRAF has supplied the most powerful conveying system in the world.
Paul Stanley (basketball)
Paul Stanley (born 1963) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Waynesburg University and had a four-year career in the Australian National Basketball League (NBL), where he was the league's scoring champion in 1987.

Waynesburg University
Waynesburg University is a private Christian university in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It was established in 1850 and offers undergraduate and graduate programs in more than 70 academic concentrations. The university enrolls around 1,400 students, including approximately 1,100 undergraduates.
Geography of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. Ethiopia has a high central plateau, the Abyssinian Highlands (or Ethiopian Highlands) that varies from 1,290 to 3,000 m (4,232 to 9,843 ft) above sea level, with some 25 mountains whose peaks rise over 4,000 meters (13,200 ft), the highest being Ras Dashen at 4,543 meters (14,538 ft).

Elevation is generally highest just before the point of descent to the Great Rift Valley, which splits the plateau diagonally. A number of rivers cross the plateau; notably the Blue Nile rising from Lake Tana. The plateau gradually slopes to the lowlands of the Sudan on the west and the Somali-inhabited plains to the east. Ethiopia's westernmost locality is Pibor River opposite the Sudanese village of Denjok. Its easternmost locality lies along the eastern border of Dollo Zone opposite Puntland and Galmudug states.

Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
Rival Poet
The Rival Poet is one of several characters, either fictional or real persons, featured in William Shakespeare's sonnets. The sonnets most commonly identified as the Rival Poet group exist within the Fair Youth group in sonnets 78–86. Several theories about these characters, the Rival Poet included, have been expounded, and scholarly debate continues to put forward both conflicting and compelling arguments. In the context of these theories, the speaker of the poem sees the Rival Poet as a competitor for fame, wealth and patronage.

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Top Level Group
The Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation (TLG) is a cross-party parliamentary group in the United Kingdom, whose primary focus is the advancement of the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation agenda in Britain and internationally. It is formed of almost all the former senior Ministers of foreign affairs and defence over the last two decades and includes former Chiefs of Defence and two former NATO Secretaries General.

The Rt Hon Des Browne, former Defence Secretary, was the first convenor of the TLG, which is now led by Alistair Burt MP. The Top Level Group is administered and supported by the European Leadership Network.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law
The Faculty of Law of The University of Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港大學法律學院; commonly known as HKU Law) is one of the 11 faculties and schools at The University of Hong Kong. Founded in 1969 as the Department of Law, it is the oldest law school in Hong Kong. HKU Law is consistently ranked among the top law schools in the world. In 2019, HKU Law was ranked 18th on the QS World Rankings and 22nd on the Times Higher Education World Rankings.

HKU Law has produced many distinguished alumni, including current chief justice Andrew Cheung, three permanent judges of the Court of Final Appeal, three secretaries for justice, one-third of Hong Kong's senior counsel, and more than twenty members of the Executive Council and Legislative Council.

Senior counsel
Senior Counsel, State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC), or Senior Advocate is a title given to senior lawyers in some current or former Commonwealth nations, mainly those in which the British monarch is no longer head of state, making the title "King's Counsel" obsolete. Examples of such nations are Mauritius, Zambia, India (Senior Advocate), Bangladesh (Senior Advocate), Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Singapore, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Jurisdictions that have retained the monarch as head of state, but have nonetheless opted for the new title, include some states and territories of Australia, as well as Belize.

Just as a junior counsel is "called to the [Outer] Bar", a Senior Counsel is, in some jurisdictions, said to be "called to the Inner Bar". Senior Counsels may informally style themselves silks, as do their British counterparts.
2015 Global RallyCross Championship
The 2015 Red Bull Global RallyCross Championship was the fifth season of the Global RallyCross Championship. Joni Wiman was the reigning champion in the Supercars class and drove for the same team, Olsbergs MSE. 2014 GRC Lites runner-up Sebastian Eriksson stepped up to the GRC.

Global Rallycross
Global Rallycross (known as Red Bull Global Rallycross for sponsorship reasons) was a rallycross series operated by businessmen Colin Dyne in conjunction with Sponsor RedBull. The series ran for seven seasons, primarily in North America, from 2011 to 2017.
Street Life (Roxy Music song)
"Street Life" is the opening track of English rock band Roxy Music's third album Stranded. Written by lead singer Bryan Ferry, the song is an ode to modern life that features sound effects of street noise alongside dissonant synth noises courtesy of newly recruited member Eddie Jobson. Producer Chris Thomas provides bass on the song.

"Street Life" was released as the first single from Stranded, reaching the top ten in the band's native UK. The song has since seen acclaim from music writers for staking out a new direction for the band and has become a live favorite for the band.

Eddie Jobson
Edwin Jobson (born 28 April 1955) is an English musician who has been a member of several rock bands including Curved Air, Roxy Music, U.K., and Jethro Tull. He was also part of Frank Zappa's band in 1976–77. Noted for his keyboard work, Jobson has also gained acclaim for his violin playing. He won the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards. In March 2019 Jobson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Roxy Music.
Levy Nzoungou
Levy Nzoungou (born 22 January 1998) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a prop for North Wales Crusaders in the RFL League 1 and previously with Albi XIII.

He spent time with St Helens and Melbourne Storm, playing with Toulouse Olympique in the Championship, Salford Red Devils in the Super League, and on loan from Salford at Oldham and the Swinton Lions in the Championship and Whitehaven in League 1. He has played for Hull F.C. in the Super League, and spent time on loan from Hull at Doncaster League 1.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Port Campbell
Port Campbell (/ˈkæmbəl/) is a town in Victoria, Australia. The town is on the Great Ocean Road, west of the Twelve Apostles, in the Shire of Corangamite. At the 2016 census, Port Campbell had a population of 478.

The Twelve Apostles (Victoria)
The Twelve Apostles are a collection of limestone stacks off the shore of Port Campbell National Park, by the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia.

Their proximity to one another has made the site a popular tourist attraction. Despite their name, it is possible that there were never 12 rock stacks. Seven of the original nine stacks remain standing. Six of them are visible from the most popular viewpoint, while the seventh is located several metres away from the corner of the main viewing platform.