hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1968 Detroit riot
The 1968 Detroit riot was a civil disturbance that occurred between April 4–5, 1968, in Detroit, Michigan following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Less than a year after the violent unrest of 1967, areas of 12th Street (present-day Rosa Parks Boulevard) again erupted in chaos (simultaneously with over 100 other US cities) following King's assassination. Michigan Governor George W. Romney ordered the National Guard into Detroit. One person was killed, and gangs tossed objects at cars and smashed storefront windows with three dozen fires being set.

King assassination riots
The King assassination riots, also known as the Holy Week Uprising, were a wave of civil disturbance which swept across the United States following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. Some of the biggest riots took place in Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Chicago, and Kansas City.
Down and Out (Tantric song)
"Down and Out" is a song written and recorded by the American rock band Tantric. The song was released on February 19, 2008, as the lead single from their third studio album titled The End Begins. "Down and Out" was the first new release without the founding members Todd Whitener, Jesse Vest, and Matt Taul after their departures from the band leaving singer Hugo Ferreira as the band's only original member. The song was also the first release on their new record label "Silent Majority Group" after parting ways with their first label Maverick Records in March of 2006.

Silent Majority Group
Silent Majority Group is a record label founded in 2006 by former Creed, Alter Bridge, and Sevendust artist manager Jeff Hanson that concentrates on finding and developing up-and-coming alternative, rock and pop acts such as Framing Hanley and Brother Sundance, as well as providing a home for established acts such as Candlebox and Tantric. The label also provides artist and producer management. SMG is promoted and distributed by both Kobalt / Awal and ADA/Warner Music Group.
Kai Ellis
Kai Ellis (born August 7, 1980) is an American professional football coach. He most recently served as the defensive line coach for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a former defensive end who played for eight seasons in the CFL for the Calgary Stampeders, Ottawa Renegades, Montreal Alouettes, and Edmonton Eskimos. He was signed by the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2003. He played collegiately at Washington.

Ottawa Redblacks
The Ottawa Redblacks (officially stylized as REDBLACKS) (French: Rouge et Noir d'Ottawa) are a professional Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the East Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Starting play in 2014, the Redblacks are the third CFL team to play in the city of Ottawa. The Ottawa Rough Riders, formed in 1876, were a founding member of the CFL in 1958 and played until 1996. A new Ottawa franchise was formed as the Renegades in 2002 and lasted until the end of the 2005 season. The Redblacks won the 2016 Grey Cup Championship, which ended a 40-year Grey Cup championship drought for the city of Ottawa.
Barbara Fialho
Barbara Fialho (born 21 December 1987) is a Brazilian model and singer. She signed with the international modeling agency IMG Models in 2011. Fialho then landed her first major modeling opportunity, by starring in a campaign for Just Cavalli. She has since walked the runway for Victoria's Secret multiple times.

IMG (company)
IMG, originally known as the International Management Group, is a global sports, fashion, events and media company headquartered in New York City. The company manages athletes and fashion celebrities; owns, operates and commercially represents live events; and is an independent producer and distributor of sports and entertainment media.
Yech
Yech, or Ech (majuscule: Ե; minuscule: ե; Armenian: եչ) is the fifth letter of the Armenian alphabet. It was created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century AD. It has a numerical value of 5. It represents the ([ɛ]) sound, but when it occurs word-initially, it is pronounced as [jɛ].

Mesrop Mashtots
Mesrop Mashtots (listenⓘ; Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, romanized: Mesrop Maštoc' 362 – 17 February 440 AD) was an  Armenian linguist, composer, theologian, statesman, and hymnologist. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church.

He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity. He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and, possibly, the Georgian script, though it is disputed.
Südpfalz
Südpfalz is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 210. It is located in southern Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the city of Landau and the districts of Germersheim and Südliche Weinstraße.

Südpfalz was created for the 1965 federal election. Since 2025, it has been represented by Thomas Gebhart of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Thomas Gebhart
Thomas Gebhart (born 20 December 1971) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Rhineland-Palatinate since 2009.

From 2018 until 2021, Gebhart served (alongside Sabine Weiss) one of two Parliamentary State Secretaries for Health.
Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life
Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life is a 1993 British short comedy film written and directed  by Peter Capaldi. It stars Richard E. Grant as Franz Kafka and co-stars Ken Stott. The title refers to the name of the writer Franz Kafka and the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, directed by Frank Capra, and the plot takes the concept of the two to absurd depths.

The film features a rendition of "Ah! Sweet Mystery of Life" from the 1910 operetta Naughty Marietta.

In 1994, the short won the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film. The following year it won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, tying with Trevor.

Ken Stott
Kenneth Campbell Stott is a Scottish stage, television, and film actor who won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1995 in the play Broken Glass at Royal National Theatre. He portrayed the dwarf Balin in The Hobbit film trilogy (2012–2014).

His most notable roles in UK television include the title character DI John Rebus in the crime fiction-mystery series Rebus (2000–2007) and DCI Red Metcalfe in Messiah (2001–2005). He played Edward 'Eddie' McKenna in the Scottish BBC miniseries Takin' Over The Asylum (1994) co-starring with David Tennant, and Ian Garrett in the 2014 BBC TV mini-series The Missing alongside James Nesbitt.
Crohn's Disease Activity Index
The Crohn's Disease Activity Index or CDAI is a research tool used to quantify the symptoms of patients with Crohn's disease.  This is of useful importance in research studies done on medications used to treat Crohn's disease; most major studies on newer medications use the CDAI in order to define response or remission of disease.  As Crohn's disease is a disease with a variety of symptoms that affect quality of life, the quantification of symptoms may be of secondary importance to a quantitative assessment of the effect on quality of life.  This has been addressed by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and other indices of quality of life for patients with Crohn's disease.

Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".

Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth, employment, the environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, social belonging, religious beliefs, safety, security and freedom. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, politics and employment. Health related QOL (HRQOL) is an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health.
Kempf–Ness theorem
In algebraic geometry, the Kempf–Ness theorem, introduced by George Kempf and Linda Ness (1979), gives a criterion for the stability of a vector in a representation of a complex reductive group. If the complex vector space is given a norm that is invariant under a maximal compact subgroup of the reductive group, then the Kempf–Ness theorem states that a vector is stable if and only if the norm attains a minimum value on the orbit of the vector.

The theorem has the following consequence: If X is a complex smooth projective variety and if G is a reductive complex Lie group, then  (the GIT quotient of X by G) is homeomorphic to the symplectic quotient of X by a maximal compact subgroup of G.

Maximal compact subgroup
In mathematics, a maximal compact subgroup K of a topological group G is a subgroup K that is a compact space, in the subspace topology, and maximal amongst such subgroups.

Maximal compact subgroups play an important role in the classification of Lie groups and especially semi-simple Lie groups. Maximal compact subgroups of Lie groups are not in general unique, but are unique up to conjugation – they are essentially unique.
Anna Engelhardt
Anna Nikolayevna Engelhardt (Russian: Анна Николаевна Энгельгардт; née Makarova; 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1838 – 25 June [O.S. 12 June] 1903) was a Russian women's activist, writer, and translator.

She compiled the Complete German–Russian Dictionary. Having been educated at one of the few schools offering education to women, she began working in a book store and then helped found the first women's publishing cooperative in Russia. Concerned with women's issues and their ability to support themselves, after her husband was banished from Saint Petersburg, Engelhardt became involved in the women's movement and helped establish the Bestuzhev Courses for women's higher education, as well as co-founding the Women's Institute of Medicine.

Bestuzhev Courses
The Bestuzhev Courses (Russian: Бестужевские курсы) in Saint Petersburg were the largest and most prominent women's higher education institution in Imperial Russia.

The institute opened its doors in 1878. It was named after Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the first director. However, the actual lead organizing force was provided by women: Nadezhda Stasova, Anna Filosofova, and several others.

Other professors included Baudouin de Courtenay, Alexander Borodin, Faddei Zielinski, Dmitry Mendeleyev, Ivan Sechenov, and Sergey Platonov. An assistant professor there was Vera Bogdanovskaya, the first female chemist to die as a result of her own research. Nadezhda Krupskaya and Maria Piłsudska were among the graduates. The courses occupied a purpose-built edifice on Vasilievsky Island.

After the Russian Revolution, they were reorganized as the Third University of Petrograd, which was merged into the Petrograd University in September 1919.
366th Fighter Squadron
The 366th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to the 358th Fighter Group of IX Fighter Command La Junta Army Airfield, Colorado, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

The squadron was first activated at the beginning of 1943.  After training in the United States, it moved to England and entered combat in the European Theater of Operations.  The squadron earned the Distinguished Unit Citation and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm during its combat missions.  After VE Day, the squadron returned to the United States, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.

Croix de Guerre 1939–1945
The Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (English: War Cross 1939–1945) is a French military decoration, a version of the Croix de Guerre created on 26 September 1939 to honour people who fought with the Allies against the Axis forces at any time during World War II. After Germany invaded and overran mainland France in the Battle of France in May and June 1940, this Croix de Guerre was replaced by the pro-Axis Vichy French government with another Croix with a black-and-green ribbon, while the original was upheld by Free France. Since the triumph of the Free French side in World War II, this version is the only one officially recognized by the French government.
Gassed (painting)
Gassed is a very large oil painting completed in March 1919 by John Singer Sargent.  It depicts the aftermath of a mustard gas attack during the First World War, with a line of wounded soldiers walking towards a dressing station.  Sargent was commissioned by the British War Memorials Committee to document the war and visited the Western Front in July 1918 spending time with the Guards Division near Arras, and then with the American Expeditionary Forces near Ypres.  The painting was finished in March 1919 and voted picture of the year by the Royal Academy of Arts in 1919.  It is now held by the Imperial War Museum. It visited the US in 1999 for a series of retrospective exhibitions, and then from 2016 to 2018 for exhibitions commemorating the centenary of the First World War.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 327
United Nations Security Council Resolution 327, adopted on February 2, 1973, reaffirmed previous resolutions on the topic of Rhodesia and commended Zambia for its decision to immediately enforce sanctions.  The United Nations plan to crush the Rhodesian government relied heavily on sanctions, Zambia had decided to enforce the sanctions when other nations chose not to despite the large impact the cessation of trade with Rhodesia would have on the Zambian economy.  The Council decided to send the special mission established by resolution 326 to assess the needs of Zambia in maintaining alternate forms of communication and traffic, as most of it had flowed through Rhodesia in the past.

The resolution was approved with 14 votes in favour, while the Soviet Union abstained.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 326
United Nations Security Council Resolution 326, adopted on February 2, 1973, concerned with provocative and aggressive acts committed by Rhodesia against Zambia and disturbed by the continued military intervention of South Africa in Rhodesia, the Council condemned all acts of provocation and harassment against Zambia.

The resolution demanded the immediate withdrawal of all South African military forces from Rhodesia and from its border with Zambia and decided to dispatch a special mission (consisting of 4 members of the Council to be appointed by the President) to assess the situation in the area and report back by March 1, 1973. The Council also took the opportunity to reaffirm all of its previous positions against the nations of Rhodesia and South Africa.

The resolution was adopted with 13 votes to none, with the United Kingdom and United States abstaining.
Liberty Column
The Liberty Column (Danish: Frihedsstøtten) is a 20-meter-tall (66 ft) obelisk located in front of Central Station in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was erected in memory of the peasant reforms of 1788 which led to the abolition of stavnsbåndet, a form of serfdom in Denmark. The foundation stone for the structure was laid in 1792 and the monument was completed in 1797.

The obelisk is made of red sandstone from Nexø and its base is made of white Norwegian marble. It was designed by Nicolai Abildgaard, with its statues and reliefs sculpted by Nicolai Dajon, Andreas Weidenhaupt, and Johannes Wiedewelt. The inscriptions on the monument were authored by the poet Thomas Thaarup.

Thomas Thaarup
Thomas Thaarup (21 August 1749 – 12 July 1821) was a Danish poet.

Thomas Thaarup was born in Copenhagen, where his father, Niels Thaarup, owned a hardware store. His mother's name was Anna Margaretha and her maiden name was Stupsack.
Katherine E. Oler
Katherine Ellsworth Oler (born March 2, 1972) is an American lawyer who has served as an associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia since 2024. She previously served as a court-appointed special master for the United States Court of Federal Claims from 2017 to 2024.

United States Court of Federal Claims
The United States Court of Federal Claims (in case citations, Fed. Cl. or C.F.C.) is a United States federal court that hears monetary claims against the U.S. government. It was established by statute in 1982 as the United States Claims Court, and took its current name in 1992. The court is the successor to trial division of the United States Court of Claims, which was established in 1855.

The courthouse of the Court of Federal Claims is situated in the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building (on Madison Place across from the White House) in Washington, D.C., but, for convenience, cases may be heard elsewhere in the country.
Kælan Mikla
Kælan Mikla (lit. 'Lady of the Cold', Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈcʰaiːlan ˈmɪhkla]) is an Icelandic post-punk band, formed in 2013 in Reykjavík. The trio consists of lead vocalist Laufey Soffía, bassist Margrét Rósa Dóru-Harrýsdóttir and keyboardist Sólveig Matthildur Kristjánsdóttir. Their music has been described as post-punk, dark wave, cold wave and gothic.

The band's debut album Mánadans was recorded in 2014 and featured Matthildur on drums instead of synthesizer. They released a self-titled follow-up in 2016 by Fabrika Records, Nótt eftir nótt in 2018 and Undir köldum nor​ð​urljósum in 2021. They are currently signed to Artoffact Records.

The band has played the famous Dutch music festival Roadburn, been championed by Robert Smith of the Cure and opened for Placebo, Alcest, and Ville Valo of HIM.

Dark wave
Dark wave (also known as darkwave) is a music genre that emerged from the new wave and post-punk movement of the late 1970s. Dark wave compositions are largely based on minor key tonality and introspective lyrics and have been perceived as being dark, romantic and bleak, with an undertone of sorrow. Common features include the use of chordophones such as electric and acoustic guitar, violin and piano, as well as electronic instruments such as synthesizer, sampler and drum machine. Like new wave, dark wave is not a "unified genre but rather an umbrella term" that encompasses a variety of musical styles, including cold wave, ethereal wave, gothic rock, neoclassical dark wave and neofolk.

In the 1980s, a subculture developed primarily in Europe alongside dark wave music, whose followers were called "wavers" or "dark wavers". In some countries, most notably Germany, the movement also included fans of gothic rock (so-called "trad-goths").
Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1990)
Ashley Roy Westwood (born 1 April 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for MLS club Charlotte FC, which he captains.

Westwood's first club was Crewe Alexandra, where he spent his first season on loan at his hometown club Nantwich Town from the Northern Premier League Premier Division. After five seasons and 128 league appearances in League One and League Two for Crewe, Westwood joined Premier League club Aston Villa in Birmingham where he scored his first Premier League goal in his second season with them. Six months after Villa dropped out of the Premier League, Westwood joined Burnley, returning to the Premier League in the process. He was Burnley's Player of the Season for 2018–19. He joined Major League Soccer club Charlotte FC in January 2023.

Charlotte FC
Charlotte Football Club is an American professional soccer club based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. The team is owned by David Tepper, who was awarded the expansion franchise on December 17, 2019. It began play in the 2022 MLS season as the league's 28th franchise. Charlotte FC plays at Bank of America Stadium, which it shares with the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, a team also owned by Tepper; the stadium capacity is reduced to 38,000 for most matches.
Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga (soundtrack)
Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga is the soundtrack album to the 2013 film of the same name directed by Pandiraj starring Vimal and Sivakarthikeyan. The film's music was composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja and featured five songs written by Na. Muthukumar and Yugabharathi. The film's music was released under the Sony Music India label on 15 February 2013 to positive reviews from critics and audiences.

Sony Music India
Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. is an Indian music record label operated by Sony and headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company began operations in 1997 and was the first record company in India to be fully foreign-owned, with Sony being a Japanese corporation. From December 2013 to March 2020, the company distributed Warner Music Group releases in India and the SAARC region, until the launch of the Warner Music India division. Sony Music India is the largest foreign-owned music label in the country and the second-largest overall. It holds a 25% share of the Indian music market, ranking behind T-Series and ahead of Zee Music Company, with which it has a strategic partnership.
Syed Badrul Ahsan
Syed Badrul Ahsan is a Bangladeshi journalist and author who currently serves as editor-in-charge of The Asian Age, a publication based in Dhaka. He previously served as the press minister at the High Commission of Bangladesh, London and has worked for numerous universities such as the University of Dhaka, Independent University, Bangladesh, and University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh as well as being a Fellow at Jawaharlal Nehru University. He has written a biography on the Founder of Bangladesh, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman entitled From Rebel to Founding Father: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to much critical acclaim. Badrul Ahsan regularly contributes to Dhaka Courier, First News, Dhaka Tribune, Bangla Tribune, The Daily Star Our Time, Indian Express, Asian Affairs and South Asia Monitor.

University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (Bengali: ইউনিভার্সিটি অব লিবারেল আর্টস বাংলাদেশ) (ULAB) is a private liberal arts-based university in Mohammadpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in February 2002, permission to open was received from the University Grants Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh in November 2003, pursuant to the Private University Act, 1992.

ULAB incorporates the values of liberal arts and sustainability into its curricula, through its General Education Department and its Center for Sustainable Development (CSD). ULAB is a research-intensive university, with multiple research opportunities for its faculty members and students.