hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graupel
Graupel (/ˈɡraʊpəl/; German: [ˈɡʁaʊpl̩] ⓘ), also called soft hail or hominy snow or granular snow or snow pellets or popcorn snow, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets in air are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes, forming 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) balls of crisp, opaque rime.

Graupel is distinct from hail and ice pellets in both formation and appearance. However, both hail and graupel are common in thunderstorms with cumulonimbus clouds, though graupel also falls in winter storms, and at higher elevations as well. The METAR code for graupel is GS.

Drop (liquid)
A drop or droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces. A drop may form when liquid accumulates at the end of a tube or other surface boundary, producing a hanging drop called a pendant drop. Drops may also be formed by the condensation of a vapor or by atomization of a larger mass of solid. Water vapor will condense into droplets depending on the temperature. The temperature at which droplets form is called the dew point.
Album (magazine)
Album was a monthly art photography magazine from Album Photographic Ltd. that published 12 issues between February 1970 and January 1971.

Although it was a short-lived publication, Album is important in that it featured budding photographers who have since become notable, including several members of Magnum Photos. Featured photographers include Bill Brandt, W. Eugene Smith and Emmet Gowin.

W. Eugene Smith
William Eugene Smith (December 30, 1918 – October 15, 1978) was an American photojournalist. He has been described as "perhaps the single most important American photographer in the development of the editorial photo essay." His major photo essays include World War II photographs,  the visual stories of an American country doctor and a nurse midwife, the clinic of Albert Schweitzer in French Equatorial Africa, the city of Pittsburgh, and the pollution which damaged the health of the residents of Minamata in Japan. His 1948 series, Country Doctor, photographed for Life, is now recognized as "the first extended editorial photo story".
Otar Kiteishvili
Otar Kiteishvili  (Order of Honor) (Georgian: ოთარ კიტეიშვილი; born 26 March 1996) is a Georgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Bundesliga club Sturm Graz and the Georgia national team.

A product of Dinamo Tbilisi academy, Kiteishvili has won four titles at the club. He is also the two-time winner of the Austrian Cup. Individually, Kiteishvili has been twice named as Best Young Player in Georgia. In May 2024, the Austrian Bundesliga officials selected him Player of the Season.

SK Sturm Graz
Sportklub Sturm Graz is an Austrian professional association football club, based in Graz, playing in the Austrian Football Bundesliga. The club was founded in 1909. Its colours are black and white.

In its history, Sturm Graz has won the Austrian football championship five times, in 1998, 1999, 2011, 2024 and 2025, and participated several times in the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League. Their biggest rivals are Graz neighbours Grazer AK, with whom they share their stadium, the Merkur Arena.
Genocidal rape
Genocidal rape, a form of wartime sexual violence, is the action of a group which has carried out acts of mass rape and gang rapes, against its enemy during wartime as part of a genocidal campaign. During the Armenian genocide, the Greek genocide, the Assyrian genocide, the second Sino-Japanese war, the Holocaust, the Genocide of Serbs in Croatia, the Bangladesh genocide, the Yugoslav Wars (particularly the Bosnian and Kosovo Wars), the Rwandan genocide, the Tamil genocide, the Circassian genocide, the Congolese conflicts, the War in Darfur, the South Sudanese Civil War, the Yazidi Genocide, and Rohingya genocide, mass rapes that had been an integral part of those conflicts brought the concept of genocidal rape to international prominence. Although war rape has been a recurrent feature in conflicts throughout human history, it has usually been looked upon as a by-product of conflict and not an integral part of military policy.

Mass sexual assault
Mass sexual assault is the collective sexual assault of women, men and sometimes children, in public by groups. Typically acting under the protective cover of large gatherings, victims have reported being groped, stripped, beaten, bitten, penetrated and raped.
The Cartoon
"The Cartoon" is the 169th episode of the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. This was the 13th episode for the ninth and final season. It aired on January 29, 1998. In this episode, aspiring actress Sally Weaver becomes a success with a show where she vilifies Jerry, 
Elaine struggles to see the humor in a cartoon that appears in The New Yorker, and George is disconcerted when Elaine and Kramer point out that the woman he is dating looks a lot like Jerry.

Elaine Benes
Elaine Marie Benes (/ˈbɛnɪs/) is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld, played by former SNL cast member Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Elaine's best friend in the sitcom is her ex-boyfriend Jerry Seinfeld, and she is also good friends with George Costanza and Cosmo Kramer. Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Elaine, winning an Emmy, a Golden Globe and five SAG Awards. She reprised the role during season 41 of Saturday Night Live in 2016.
Ampleforth College
Ampleforth College is a co-educational fee-charging private boarding school. It opened in 1803 as a boys' school. It is near the village of Ampleforth, North Yorkshire, England, on the grounds of Benedictine monastery Ampleforth Abbey. The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas, and lakes. The school has the oldest purpose-built school theatre in the United Kingdom, a dedicated student pub, and its own infirmary. It has received national attention for significant safeguarding failures.

St Laurence Educational Trust and the Ampleforth Abbey Trust are responsible for running Ampleforth College. Boarding fees were £46,740 for the school year 2024/2025.

Downside School
Downside School (formally The College of St Gregory the Great, Downside but simply referred to as Downside) is a Catholic public school, for pupils aged 11–18 in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, Somerset, England. It was established in 1614 and is located in the Diocese of Clifton.

Originally a school for English Catholic boys, it was established by English and Welsh monks living in exile at Douai, France. The monastic community returned to England in 1795, with both the community and its school initially housed in the Shropshire home of Sir Edward Smythe, a former pupil. By 1814, the abbey and school had been re-established at their present site, in Somerset. Downside School became fully co-educational in all year groups in 2005.
Joseph, Better You than Me
"Joseph, Better You Than Me" is a song by the American rock band the Killers, featuring British musicians Elton John and Neil Tennant.  The song was released on December 16, 2008 (2008-12-16), as a download-only single. All proceeds from the song benefit the Product Red campaign, headed by Bono and Bobby Shriver. The music video features footage from The Living Christ series.

The song continued the tradition of The Killers releasing a digital download Christmas single that started with "A Great Big Sled" in 2006 and continued with "Don't Shoot Me Santa" in 2007. Lead singer Brandon Flowers said it was great to work with two "real professionals" and "would love to work with them again".

The song speaks of Saint Joseph, the adoptive father of Jesus. Flowers, John, and Tennant take turns in describing the difficulties that he must have felt being a father to Jesus. They also sing of the public attention Joseph would have received.

Don't Shoot Me Santa
"Don't Shoot Me Santa" is a song by Las Vegas-based rock band The Killers. The song was released November 27, 2007 (2007-11-27), as a digital download. A portion of the proceeds from this song went to AIDS charities as part of the Product Red campaign, headed by Bono and Bobby Shriver. It is The Killers' second Christmas download single following 2006's "A Great Big Sled".
This Meets That
This Meets That is a studio album by jazz musician John Scofield. Featuring longtime collaborators Steve Swallow on bass guitar and drummer Bill Stewart, along with a four piece horn section. Fellow guitarist Bill Frisell appears on one track.

Bill Frisell
William Richard Frisell (born March 18, 1951) is an American jazz guitarist. He first came to prominence at ECM Records in the 1980s, as both a session player and a leader. He went on to work in a variety of contexts, notably as a participant in the Downtown Scene in New York City, where he formed a long working relationship with composer and saxophonist John Zorn. He was also a longtime member of veteran drummer Paul Motian's groups from the early 1980s until Motian's death in 2011. Since the late 1990s, Frisell's output as a bandleader has also integrated prominent elements of folk, country, rock ‘n’ roll and Americana. He has six Grammy nominations and one win.
Green-Eyed Monster (Veronica Mars)
"Green-Eyed Monster" is the fourth episode of the second season of the American television series Veronica Mars, and the twenty-sixth episode overall. Written by Dayna Lynne North and directed by Jason Bloom, the episode premiered on UPN on October 19, 2005.

The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica helps a woman named Julie (Laura Bell Bundy) find out whether her boyfriend, Collin (Michael E. Rodgers), is cheating on her. Meanwhile, Nathan Woods (Cress Williams) shows up in Neptune and gives some new information regarding Alicia Fennel (Erica Gimpel).

Cress Williams
Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in Prison Break and Close to Home. His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series Hart of Dixie and the title character on The CW's Black Lightning. Williams is also known for his recurring role as Terrence "Scooter" Williams on Fox's Living Single and as Inspector Antwon Babcock on Nash Bridges.
Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po!
Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po! is a 2007 Filipino comedy-drama film starring Maricel Soriano and Eric Quizon. It was one of the official entries of the Metro Manila Film Festival. The story setting is patterned after the films of the Mano Po series with Mestizo/Austronesian Filipino characters instead of Chinese Filipino characters.

Eric Quizon
Enrico "Eric" Smith Quizon (born January 20, 1967) is a Filipino actor, director, producer, writer and comedian. He is the 10th child of the late comedian-actor, Dolphy. He is also a co-owner of Café Famous in Greenbelt, Makati. In late 2022, Quizon was tapped to become the head of Net 25's newest talent management arm, NET25 Star Center. He is also known for his notable roles in Mula sa Puso as Manuel Magbanua and Saan Ka Man Naroroon as Juancho Ocampo.
Thompson Square
Thompson Square is an American country music duo composed of husband and wife Keifer and Shawna Thompson, who alternate as vocalists. They signed to Stoney Creek Records, a sister label of Broken Bow Records, in 2010. The duo has released three albums, which have produced a combined ten chart singles on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. Of these singles, two — "Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not" and "If I Didn't Have You" — reached No. 1.

Country Airplay
Country Airplay is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States since October 20, 2012, although the magazine also retrospectively recognizes the Hot Country Songs charts from January 20, 1990, through October 13, 2012, as part of the history of the Country Airplay listing.  The chart lists the 60 most-listened-to records played on 150 mainstream country radio stations across the country as monitored by Nielsen BDS, weighted to each station's Nielsen ratings.

The first number-one song actually published under the Country Airplay banner was "Take a Little Ride" by Jason Aldean; but as Billboard also recognizes the history of the Hot Country Songs chart since 1990 as part of this chart, the magazine recognizes the first chart-topper as "Nobody's Home" by Clint Black.
Black Exhibition
Black Exhibition is a 2019 choreopoem by writer and actor Jeremy O. Harris. Directed by Machel Ross, Harris was also a central performer in the work which premiered at The Bushwick Starr in New York (US) in November 2019. Harris also organised a queer out night, where all the audience members were also part of queer communities, inspired by black out performances in theatre. The New Yorker described the show as "sad and scatological, an intellectual collage and an essayistic provocation". For its portrayal of race and BDSM it has been compared to the films Kinky and The Artist & The Pervert, and Harris's preceding theatrical work Slave Play.

Bushwick Starr
The Bushwick Starr is a non-profit theater in the Brooklyn neighborhood of the same name that was founded in 2007 by Sue Kessler and Noel Allain who serve as the creative and artistic director, respectively. They were located on Starr Street until 2020 when their space was sold and they announced the purchase of and relocation to a former dairy plant at 419 Eldert Street.

The Starr is known for its artists, including Jeremy O. Harris, Daniel Fish, Dave Malloy, and Heather Christian. They first programmed a full season in 2009 and were firmly a part of the Off Off Broadway community by 2011.
Tilo Baumgärtel
Tilo Baumgärtel (born 1972) is a German painter. He currently lives and works in Leipzig.

Baumgärtel was born in Dresden. He attended the Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig from 1991 to 1994.

He is part of a group of young painters based in Leipzig, along with Matthias Weischer, Christoph Ruckhaberle and others. The common trait of the group is their production of large figurative oil paintings.  His paintings derive from social realist works and propaganda posters in their draughtsmanship and dramatic use of shadow.

Baumgärtel has shown work in exhibitions including "7 x Malerei" at Museum der Bildenden Künste in Leipzig, FUTURE/Five Artists From Germany at Sandroni.Rey Gallery in Los Angeles, Painting Show at Wilkinson Gallery in London and Life After Death at Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art.

He is represented by Wilkinson Gallery in London, Christian Ehrentraut in Berlin and Adam Biesk in Los Angeles.

Christoph Ruckhäberle
Christoph Ruckhäberle (born 1972, Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, West Germany) is an artist based in Leipzig. Ruckhäberle studied at the California Institute of the Arts from 1991 to 1992, and received his BFA in painting in 1995 and his MFA in 2002  from Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst in Leipzig. He is associated with the New Leipzig School.

His work has been shown in many exhibitions including the 2nd Prague Biennale, plus the LIGA Gallery in Berlin and Marianne Boesky in New York City.  Ruckhäberle has also exhibited at galleries including Arario Gallery in Korea, Nicolai Wallner in Copenhagen, Denmark and Ghislaine Hussenot in Paris, France.  Ruckhäberle is represented by Campoli Presti in London and Paris, Nicolai Wallner in Copenhagen, Galerie Kleindienst in Leipzig and Zieher Smith & Horton in New York.
Confessing to Laura
Confessing to Laura (Spanish: Confesión a Laura) is a 1991 Colombian drama film  directed  by  Jaime Osorio Gómez. The film is set during El Bogotazo, a violent rioting that erupted in Bogotá after the assassination of  presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán on 9 April 1948. The story is about an oppressed husband forced by the circumstances to spend the day at his neighbor's home, a lonely, mature schoolteacher. The film was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Jorge Eliécer Gaitán
Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala (Spanish pronunciation: ['xoɾxe eʎ'eθeɾ gai'tan aʝala]; 23 January 1903 – 9 April 1948) was a Colombian politician and statesman who was the leader of the Liberal Party. A nationalist, he served as the mayor of Bogotá from 1936–37, the national Education Minister from 1940–41, and the Labor Minister from 1943–44.

He was assassinated during his second presidential campaign in 1948, setting off the Bogotazo  and leading to the outbreak of a brutal ten-year civil war in Colombia known as La Violencia (1948–1958). His ideas, known as Gaitanismo, are considered a form of liberal socialism in Colombia.
Tiller
A tiller or till is a lever used to steer a vehicle. The mechanism is primarily used in watercraft, where it is attached to an outboard motor, rudder post or stock to provide leverage in the form of torque for the helmsman to turn the rudder. A tiller may also be used in vehicles outside of water, and was seen in early automobiles. On vessels, a tiller can be used by the helmsman directly pulling or pushing it, but it may also be moved remotely using tiller lines or a ship's wheel. Rapid or excessive movement of the tiller results in an increase in drag and will result in braking or slowing the boat.

Torque
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational correspondent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force, or simply the moment. Just as a linear force is a push or a pull applied to a body, a torque can be thought of as a twist applied to an object with respect to a chosen axis. For example, driving a screw uses torque to force it into an object. The torque is applied by the screwdriver, rotating around its axis, to the drive on the head of the screw.

Torque is generally referred to using different vocabulary depending on geographical location and field of study, with torque generally being associated with physics and moment being associated with engineering. This article follows the definition used in US physics in its usage of the word torque.

Torque is typically represented mathematically using  the lowercase Greek letter tau (). When being referred to as moment of force, it is commonly denoted by M.
Tom Almadon
Tom Almadon (Hebrew: תום אלמדון; born November 30, 1984) is a former American-Israeli footballer.

He plays for Maccabi Akhi Nazareth and was the goalkeeper for the Israel national under-21 football team. A product of Maccabi Haifa youth department, he has been reserve goalkeeper (covering Nir Davidovich) for the senior team for the past three years and appeared once in the UEFA Champions League. He was loaned to Hapoel Nazareth Illit for the 2007–08 season.

Nir Davidovich
Nir Davidovich (Hebrew: ניר דוידוביץ'; also spelled Davidovitch; born 17 December 1976) is an Israeli former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His honours are 7 championships, 2 Israeli cups, 3 Toto Cups, 1 MVP of the season.

At club level, Davidovich spent his whole career in Maccabi Haifa. He suffered from 3 serious injuries, but managed to recover and lead the team to its 8th championship, winning the MVP title in 2004. He is considered a "symbol" of the club along with the veteran captain Yaniv Katan. Many talk about him as the successor of legendary goalkeeper Avi Ran, a Maccabi Haifa prodigy who died in a diving accident.

At international level, he was the number one goalkeeper in the Israel national team for a time.
Hugh Spikes
Hugh Alexander Spikes is a British mechanical engineer. He is emeritus professor of tribology at Imperial College London. He is the former head of the Tribology Group at Imperial College. Tribology is the science and engineering of friction, lubrication and wear.

Lubrication
Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and wear and tear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology.

Lubrication mechanisms such as fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that the applied load is partially or completely carried by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic pressure, which reduces solid body interactions (and consequently friction and wear). Depending on the degree of surface separation, different lubrication regimes can be distinguished.

Adequate lubrication allows smooth, continuous operation of machine elements, reduces the rate of wear, and prevents excessive stresses or seizures at bearings. By repelling water and other substances, it also reduces corrosion. When lubrication breaks down, components can rub destructively against each other, causing heat, local welding, destructive damage and failure.
Carmageddon TDR 2000
Carmageddon TDR 2000 (also known as Carmageddon: Total Destruction Racing 2000 or Carmageddon 3: TDR 2000 in North America), is a vehicular combat video game. The sequel to Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now, it was developed by Torus Games and released in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2000.

A Game Boy Color version of the game was slated to be released but was cancelled. After Carmageddon TDR 2000, the Carmageddon series went dormant for over a decade, with the next installment, Carmageddon: Reincarnation, not entering development until 2011.

Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now
Carmageddon II: Carpocalypse Now is a vehicular combat video game, the sequel to Carmageddon, and released in 1998 for Microsoft Windows. The game was developed by Stainless Games and published by Sales Curve Interactive in Europe and Interplay Entertainment in North America. Ports for Mac OS, PlayStation and Nintendo 64 (the latter as Carmageddon 64) were released in 1999. A 2D version for the Game Boy Color was released in Europe in 1999, and in North America in 2000 as Carmageddon.
2003 World Darts Trophy
The 2003 World Darts Trophy was the second edition of the World Darts Trophy, a professional darts tournament held at the De Vechtsebanen in Utrecht, the Netherlands, run by the British Darts Organisation and the World Darts Federation.

The 2002 winner, Tony David was beaten in the semi-finals by, the BDO World Champion and the eventual winner, Raymond van Barneveld in the men's event. Van Barneveld then beat Mervyn King in the final, 6–2 in sets. In the women's event, Mieke de Boer, the 2002 winner, was defeated in the semi-finals by Francis Hoenselaar. Hoenselaar was in turn beaten by, the BDO World Champion, Trina Gulliver, 3–1 in sets in the final.

Mervyn King (darts player)
Mervyn King (born 15 March 1966) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he reached a peak ranking of world number four. Nicknamed the King, he has reached seven PDC major finals. He formerly competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) tournaments, where he was the 2004 Winmau World Masters winner, and both the Finder Masters and International Darts League champion in 2005. He was ranked BDO world number one on two occasions, in 2000 and 2005.

He was the runner-up at the BDO World Darts Championship in both 2002 and 2004 as well as at the 2000 World Masters. In the PDC, King reached the semi-finals at the 2009 PDC World Championship, and was runner-up at the PDC Masters in both 2014 and 2021, the Players Championship Finals in 2010 and 2020, the 2009 Premier League Darts, the 2012 World Grand Prix, and the 2008 Championship League Darts.