hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emilie Bullowa
Emilie Moritz Bullowa (1869 – October 25, 1942) was an American lawyer. She was the first president of the National Association of Women Lawyers. After graduating from the Law College of New York University in 1900, she established a law firm with her brother, specializing in admiralty law. She advocated for women's equality and was a member of the Women Lawyers Association and the Women's City Club of New York. She served on the board of the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women and was its president from 1921 to 1942.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Treaty of Trentschin
The Treaty of Trentschin was concluded on 24 August 1335 between King Casimir III of Poland and King John of Bohemia together with his son Margrave Charles IV. The agreement was reached by the agency of Casimir's brother-in-law King Charles I of Hungary and signed at Trentschin Castle in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Trenčín, Slovakia). It initiated the transfer of suzerainty over the former Polish province of Silesia to the Kingdom of Bohemia, whereafter the Duchies of Silesia were incorporated into the Bohemian Crown and thus became part of the Holy Roman Empire. Following the integration of this treaty, the three kingdoms of Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland met at the First Congress of Visegrad later in 1335 to further discuss the division of land. This congress also made the treaty official.

John of Bohemia
John of Bohemia, also called the Blind or of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde; Czech: Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of Luxembourg, he is considered a national hero. Comparatively, in the Czech Republic (anciently the Kingdom of Bohemia), Jan Lucemburský is often recognized for his role as the father of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, one of the more significant Kings of Bohemia and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors.
2022 Corsica unrest
In March 2022, the island of Corsica, France, saw protests in response to a prison attack on nationalist leader Yvan Colonna. There were rallies in the main cities of Ajaccio, Calvi and Bastia that descended into violent clashes between police and protestors. Protestors threw stones and flares at gendarmes.

Bastia
Bastia (UK: /ˈbæstjə, ˈbɑːs-/ BA(H)SS-tyə, US: /ˈbɑːstiə, ˈbæs-, bɑːˈstiːə/ BA(H)SS-tee-ə, bahss-TEE-; French: [bastja] ⓘ, Italian: [baˈstiːa]; Corsican: Bastìa [baˈsti.a]) is a commune in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is located in the northeast of the island of Corsica at the base of Cap Corse. It also has the second-highest population of any commune on the island after Ajaccio and is the capital of the Bagnaja region and of the department.

Bastia is the principal port of the island and its principal commercial town and is known for its wines. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Bastiais or Bastiaises. The commune has been awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.
Swineshead, Lincolnshire
Swineshead is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Boston in Lincolnshire, England. It is 7 miles (11 km) west of the town of Boston. The population of the civil parish including Baythorpe was 2,810 at the 2011 census. The parish includes the areas of Swineshead Bridge and North End to the north, Fenhouses and Blackjack to the east, and Drayton to the south.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Internet Initiatives Development Fund
The Internet Initiatives Development Fund (IIDF, stylized in lowercase in its logo, Russian: Фонд развития интернет-инициатив) is a Russian venture capital fund established by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. The Foundation invests in technology companies in the early stages of development, develops a network of start-up accelerators, and is involved in the development of methods of legal regulation of the venture industry.

Since 2013, IIDF has been the most active investment fund in Russia. According to the Dow Jones report, IIDF was ranked first in Europe by the number of transactions in the first quarter of 2014. By April 4, 2015, the fund has financed 150 projects, including 104 deals in 2014. IIDF is planning to invest 6 billion roubles in 400 companies by 2017.

Kirill Varlamov is the director of the Foundation.

Startup accelerator
Startup accelerators, also known as seed accelerators, are fixed-term, cohort-based programs, that include mentorship and educational components, and (sometimes) culminate in a public pitch event or demo day. While traditional business incubators are often government-funded, generally take no equity, and rarely provide funding, accelerators can be either privately or publicly funded and cover a wide range of industries. Unlike business incubators, the application process for seed accelerators is open to anyone, but is highly competitive. There are specific accelerators, such as corporate accelerators, which are often subsidiaries or programs of larger corporations that act like seed accelerators.
Sona Taumalolo
Sona Taumalolo (born 13 November 1981) is a former professional rugby union player. He played at prop for Hawke's Bay in New Zealand's domestic Mitre 10 Cup competition; the Chiefs in Super Rugby; several French clubs; and the Tonga national team. He retired at the end of the 2020 Mitre 10 Cup season.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Water Temple (Ocarina of Time)
The Water Temple is an area from the 1998 Nintendo 64 video game The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. It is the sixth dungeon encountered in the game. It was created by Ocarina of Time director Eiji Aonuma, who was inspired by his love of diving. It has players raising and lowering water levels to access different areas while utilizing a pair of Iron Boots to sink to the bottom. The difficulty of navigation combined with the cumbersome nature of using the Iron Boots led to several changes to the dungeon to assist players in the 2011 remake of Ocarina of Time, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D. The difficulty players faced also caused Aonuma to apologize for the issues, while noting that the dungeon was not difficult so much as it was frustrating. Despite the criticism, some critics have been more forgiving, praising the Water Temple for its complexities.

Eiji Aonuma
Eiji Aonuma (Japanese: 青沼 英二, Hepburn: Aonuma Eiji; born March 16, 1963) is a Japanese video game designer, director, and producer at Nintendo. He is a senior officer within their Nintendo EPD division and serves as the producer of the Legend of Zelda franchise.
Conpulsion
Conpulsion is the oldest gaming convention in Scotland, hosted by the Edinburgh University Roleplaying Society (GEAS) annually in Teviot Student Union, Edinburgh. It predominantly features role-playing games and live action role-playing games, but also includes wargames, board games, collectible card games, and non-collectible card games. The convention also has a strong focus on giving money to charity, in a similar vein to many Irish conventions.

Teviot Row House
Teviot Row House, or Teviot (/ˈtiːviət/), is one of the student union buildings at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.  Run by Edinburgh University Students' Association (EUSA), the building in Bristo Square is the oldest purpose built student union building in the world, having been opened in 1889.
Eve Higgins
Eve Higgins (born 23 June 1999) is an Irish rugby player from Lucan, Dublin. She plays for Railway Union, Leinster rugby, the Ireland women's national rugby Sevens team and the Ireland women's national rugby union team. She is a student at University College Dublin.

Ireland women's national rugby union team
The Ireland women's national rugby union team represents Ireland in international women's rugby union competitions such as the Women's Six Nations Championship and the Women's Rugby World Cup. They have also represented Ireland in the FIRA Women's European Championship. Ireland won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. In 2013 they also achieved both a Triple Crown and Grand Slam. They finished fourth in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup after defeating New Zealand in the pool stages. Ireland hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. The team was part of the by the Irish Women's Rugby Football Union (IWRFU). In 2009, the women were taken on by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Osama Nabieh
Osama Nabieh (Arabic: أسامة نبيه; born 20 January 1975) is a former Egyptian professional footballer. He last served as the head coach of the Egypt under-20 national team.

Nabieh has played for several clubs in Egypt, including Zamalek, Tersana and Baladeyet Al-Mahalla, and also spent time with Altay S.K. in Turkey and Al Kuwait. Nabih played for the Egypt national football team at the 1998 African Cup of Nations.

As a manager, he coached Masr, Al-Shoulla, Zamalek as caretaker, and Al-Merrikh. He later coached Egyptian national youth teams, including Egypt U18 and Egypt U20.

Egypt national under-20 football team
The Egypt national under-20 football team is the national youth team of Egypt. It is administered by the Egyptian Football Association.

Their best performance in the U-20 World Cup was a third-place finish in 2001. This remains the highest result Egypt has achieved in any International World Cup.

Their nickname, The Young Pharaohs is an obvious reference to the nickname of the National Team, The Pharaohs.

Egypt hosted the 2009 U-20 World Cup.
Jazz Patterns
Jazz Patterns is an album by saxophonist Joe Henderson and trumpeter Woody Shaw, assembled from previously unreleased tracks of Henderson's Quintet's live recordings for If You're Not Part of the Solution, You're Part of the Problem in September 1970. These outtakes were sold by Milestone Records owner, Orrin Keepnews, to Everest Records, who released it on their Archive Of Folk & Jazz Music label in 1982. In 2025, the album was remastered and rereleased by Real Gone Music.

If You're Not Part of the Solution, You're Part of the Problem
If You're Not Part of the Solution, You're Part of the Problem is the eleventh album by American jazz tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson. It was rereleased in 2004 as At the Lighthouse, with an alternative album cover listing the personnel in place of the original title and several extra tracks. Henderson’s live band includes trumpeter Woody Shaw, keyboardist George Cables, bassist Ron McClure, tumbador Tony Waters and drummer Lenny White.
Avtozavodsky constituency
The Avtozavodsky constituency (No.131) is a Russian legislative constituency in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The constituency stretches from southern Nizhny Novgorod to south-western Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, including the cities Kulebaki, Pavlovo and Vyksa.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Natalia Nazarova, an energy executive.

Vyksa
Vyksa (Russian: Вы́кса) is a town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River, 186 kilometers (116 mi) southwest of Nizhny Novgorod. Population:  56,201 (2010 Census); 61,657 (2002 Census); 61,149 (1989 Soviet census).
Professionalization
Professionalization or professionalisation is a social process by which any trade or occupation transforms itself into a true "profession of the highest integrity and competence." The definition of what constitutes a profession is often contested. Professionalization tends to result in establishing acceptable qualifications, one or more professional associations to recommend best practice and to oversee the conduct of members of the profession, and some degree of demarcation of the qualified from unqualified amateurs (that is, professional certification). It is also likely to create "occupational closure", closing the profession and activities it encompasses to entry from outsiders, amateurs and the unqualified.

Occupations not fully professionalized are sometimes called semiprofessions. Critique of professionalization views overzealous versions driven by perverse incentives (essentially, a modern analogue of the negative aspects of guilds) as a form of credentialism.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Audio Random Access
Audio Random Access (commonly abbreviated to ARA) is an extension for audio plug-in interfaces, such as AU, VST and RTAS, allowing them to exchange a greater amount of audio information with digital audio workstation (DAW) software. It was developed in a collaboration between Celemony Software and PreSonus.

Audio plug-in
In computer software, an audio plug-in is a plug-in that can add or enhance audio-related functions in a computer program, typically a digital audio workstation. Such functions may include digital signal processing or sound synthesis. Audio plug-ins usually provide their own user interface, which often contains graphical user interface (GUI) widgets that can be used to control and visualize the plug-in's audio parameters.
Truman Reservoir
The  Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir, also known as Truman Lake, is located in the state of Missouri, United States. It is located between Clinton and Warsaw, on the Osage River and extends south to Osceola. The dam is located in Benton County, but the reservoir also extends into parts of Henry, St. Clair, and Hickory counties.

Benton County, Missouri
Benton County is a county located in the west central part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 19,394 as of the 2020 Census. Its county seat is Warsaw. The county was organized January 3, 1835, and named for U.S. Senator Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri.
Principality of Purgaz
The Principality of Purgaz (Russian: Пургасова волость, romanized: Purgasova volost; Erzya: Пургазонь Русесь, romanized: Purgazoń Ruseś), also referred to as the Purgas Volost, was a "Mordvin" principality located between the Oka and Sura rivers. The principality is an important part of Mordvin history and is notable for marking the first time the Erzyas and Mokshas united under a single polity.

Mokshas
The Mokshas (also Mokshans, Moksha people; Moksha: Мокшет/Mokšet) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in Russia, mostly near the Volga and Moksha rivers, a tributary of the Oka River.

Their native language is Mokshan, one of the two surviving members of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family. According to a 1994 Russian census, 49% of the autochthonal Finnic population in Mordovia identified themselves as Mokshas, totaling more than 180,000 people. Most Mokshas belong to the Russian Orthodox Church; other religions practised by Mokshas include Lutheranism and paganism.
The Rangers (British battalion)
The Rangers was a volunteer unit of the British Army, originally formed in 1860. It provided a detachment for service in the Second Boer War, saw intensive action on the Western Front in the First World War (including the Battles of the Somme and Passchendaele), and served as motorised infantry during the Second World War during the campaigns in Greece and the Western Desert.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
121st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
The 1st Battalion, 121st Field Artillery is currently part of the 157th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade that is based out of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Attached to the 1-121st is Battery A located in Hartford, Wisconsin; Battery B located in Plymouth, Wisconsin; 108th Forward Support Company located in Sussex, Wisconsin.

The 1-121st FA originally operated M109 howitzer before switching to the M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) in 2003. As of 2010 the 1-121st FA operates the M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS).

Sussex, Wisconsin
Sussex is a village in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States, about 19 miles (31 km) northwest of Milwaukee and 9 miles (14 km) north of Waukesha. The village is 7.24 square miles (19 km2) at an elevation of 930 feet. The population was 11,487 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
Shyam Manav
Shyam Manav (born 9 September 1951) is an Indian rationalist and social reformer who leads the Akhil Bharatiya Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (ABANS) organization that fights superstitions. He established ABANS in 1982 along with other rationalist activists from India. He also runs his YouTube channel, where he discusses issues such as rationality, superstitions, and personality development. Manav was a major force behind the Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Act enacted by the Indian state of Maharashtra, which he helped draft as well.

Superstition in India
Superstitions in India are prevalent and are based on myths, legends, fables, traditions and stories.

People stop if a black cat crosses their path, or if someone sneezes, auspicious work is postponed. Common superstitions in India today include a black cat crossing the road being bad luck, cutting fingernails/toenails at nighttime is considered to give bad luck, a crow calling meaning that guests are arriving, drinking milk after eating fish causing skin diseases, and itchy palms signaling the arrival of money.
Rubutu
Rubutu was a city, or city-state located in ancient northern Israel, between the city of Gazru-(modern Gezer), and Jerusalem during the time of the Amarna letters correspondence, a 15-20 year period at about 1350-1335 BC. Some scholars place Rubutu near present-day Arrabah in the northern West Bank.

The Amarna letters were mostly written to the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, and three mayors of Gazru: Abimilku, Milkilu, and Yapahu authored 20 letters of the 382–letter, Amarna letters corpus. The reference to Rubutu is found in 2 letters of Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem, EA 289, and 290, (EA for 'el Amarna'). They mention the war of various cities, the Habiru, and of: "the seizure of Rubutu".

Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of  natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated. Annotated, they have been used in corpus linguistics for statistical hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
Bayou Bowl
The Bayou Bowl is an annual high school football all-star bowl game in which the best graduated seniors from Greater Houston and East Texas play against each other.  It has been played at Eagle Stadium in Mont Belvieu, Texas, since 2025. It was formerly played in Stallworth Stadium in Baytown, Texas.

Baytown, Texas
Baytown is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within Harris and Chambers counties. Located in the metropolitan statistical area of Greater Houston, it lies on the northern side of the Galveston Bay complex near the outlets of the San Jacinto River and Buffalo Bayou. It is the sixth-largest city within this metropolitan area and seventh largest community (including The Woodlands CDP). Major highways serving the city include State Highway 99, State Highway 146 and Interstate 10. At the 2020 U.S. census, Baytown had a population of 83,701, and it had an estimated population of 84,324 in 2022.
Ritterhaus Bubikon
Bubikon Castle or Bubikon Commandery (German: Ritterhaus Bubikon) is a castle in the municipality of Bubikon of the Swiss Canton of Zürich. The former Commandery, a medieval monastery of the Knights Hospitaller, is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance (German: Schweizerisches Inventar der Kulturgüter von nationaler und regionaler Bedeutung; French: Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale; Italian: Inventario dei beni culturali svizzeri d'importanza nazionale e regionale) is a register of cultural property in Switzerland. It was established according to article 5 of the second protocol to the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, which provides for the establishment of national registers of cultural property.