hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ficksburg
Ficksburg is a town situated at the foot of the 1,750 meter high Imperani Mountain in Free State province, South Africa.  The town was named after General Johan Fick in 1867 who won the territory in the Basotho Wars. He laid out many erven and plots that could be bought at a reasonable price. It is located on the north bank of the Mohokare River, which separates it from the town of Maputsoe in Lesotho. The town was later proclaimed a municipality in 1891. The last Governor-General of the Union of South Africa and the first State President of South Africa, Charles Robberts Swart was imprisoned here by the British in 1914 and released one day before his scheduled execution.

C. R. Swart
Charles Robberts Swart DMS (5 December 1894 – 16 July 1982), nicknamed "Blackie", was a South African politician who served as the last governor-general of the Union of South Africa from 1959 to 1961 and the first state president of the Republic of South Africa from 1961 to 1967.
Joaquín Ezpeleta Enrile
Joaquín Ezpeleta Enrile (born 19 September 1788) was a Spanish politician and Spanish Army general officer who served as the 15th President of the Spanish Senate.

During his life, he served in many military and civil offices such as a member of the Cortes Generales, Minister of the Crown and Civil Governor of Jaen, Captain-General of Cuba, Captain-General of Catalonia or Viceroy of Navarre, among others.

Province of Jaén (Spain)
Jaén (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈen]) is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ciudad Real, Albacete, Granada and Córdoba. Its capital is the city of Jaén.
Chamois leather
Chamois leather (/ˈʃæmi/) is a type of porous leather, traditionally the skin of the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a type of European mountain goat, but today made almost exclusively from the flesh split of a sheepskin.

Chamois
The chamois (/ˈʃæmwɑː/; French: [ʃamwa] ⓘ) (Rupicapra rupicapra) or Alpine chamois is a species of goat-antelope native to mountainous parts of Europe and Western Asia, from the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Apennines, the Dinarides, the Tatra to the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Rila–Rhodope massif, Pindus, the northeastern mountains of Turkey, and the Caucasus. It has also been introduced to the South Island of New Zealand. Some subspecies of chamois are strictly protected in the EU under the European Habitats Directive.
First Iraqi–Kurdish War
The First Iraqi–Kurdish War (Arabic: لحرب العراقية الكردية الأولى), also known as the September Revolution (Kurdish:  شۆڕشی ئەیلوول), was an armed conflict and major event of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, lasting from 1961 until 1970. The conflict was led by Mustafa Barzani, in an attempt to establish an independent Kurdistan. Throughout the 1960s, the insurgency escalated into a long war, which failed to resolve despite internal power changes in Iraq. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. A series of Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations followed the war in an attempt to resolve the conflict, ultimately leading to the Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970.

Mustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani (14 March 1903 – 1 March 1979), also known as Mullah Mustafa, was a Kurdish nationalist leader and one of the most prominent political figures in modern Kurdish politics.

In 1946, he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) to lead the Kurdish revolt against the Kingdom of Iraq. Barzani was the primary political and military leader of the Kurdish separatist movement until his death in March 1979. He led campaigns of armed insurgency against both the Iraqi and Iranian governments.
Agricultural soil science
Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber.  In this context, it is also a constituent of the field of agronomy and is thus also described as soil agronomy.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
Lamellar bodies
In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin. They are oblong structures, appearing about 300-400 nm in width and 100-150 nm in length in transmission electron microscopy images. Lamellar bodies in the alveoli of the lungs fuse with the cell membrane and release pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space.

Keratinocyte
Keratinocytes are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.  In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. Basal cells in the basal layer (stratum basale) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes.

Keratinocytes form a barrier against environmental damage by heat, UV radiation, water loss, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. A number of structural proteins, enzymes, lipids, and antimicrobial peptides contribute to maintain the important barrier function of the skin. Keratinocytes differentiate from epidermal stem cells in the lower part of the epidermis and migrate towards the surface, finally becoming corneocytes and eventually being shed, which happens every 40 to 56 days in humans.
Back to the Trenches
Back to the Trenches  is a double live album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in 2001.  A collection of thirty-one live tracks taken from the soundboards of six concerts, on both sides of the Atlantic, between 1972 and 1984, only nine of these tunes are featured on the band's acclaimed 1981 double live album 'Snaz. A line on the CD sleeve says, "This brings you Nazareth in their element - up there doing it".

The CD comes with a 52-page booklet containing old photos and interviews with Pete Agnew and Dan McCafferty. It also was issued on vinyl.

Pete Frame of Rock Family Trees fame was commissioned to draw up a Nazareth family tree based on info taken from an interview.

Nazareth (band)
Nazareth are a Scottish hard rock band formed in Dunfermline in 1968 that had many hit singles and albums in Canada, the United Kingdom, and a number of other European countries beginning in the early 1970s. The breadth of their popularity expanded internationally, including in the United States, with their 1975 album Hair of the Dog, which featured their hits "Hair of the Dog" and a cover of the ballad "Love Hurts". They have continued to record and tour internationally for more than 50 years.
Lucifer and the Biscuit Hammer
Lucifer and the Biscuit Hammer, known in Japan as Samidare of the Stars (Japanese: 惑星のさみだれ, Hepburn: Hoshi no Samidare), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Satoshi Mizukami. It was serialized in Shōnen Gahōsha's seinen manga magazine Young King OURs from April 2005 to August 2010, with its chapters collected in ten tankōbon volumes. Seven Seas Entertainment published the series in North America.

An anime television series adaptation by NAZ aired from July to December 2022 on the Animeism programming block.

By 2022, the manga had sold 650,000 physical copies.

Animeism
Animeism (Japanese: アニメイズム, Hepburn: Animeizumu) is a Japanese late night anime programming block produced by MBS, and airs on all JNN affiliate stations, including TBS, CBC TV, and BS-TBS.

As of October 2025, the programming block airs on Friday nights/Saturday mornings that aired on MBS, TBS, CBC and BS-TBS on a local timeslot, as well as the "Super Animeism Turbo" block on Thursday nights/Friday mornings that airs on all affiliate stations on a network timeslot, replacing the "Super Animeism" block that aired alongside the aforementioned block.
Peter Fourier
Peter Fourier (French: Pierre Fourier, pronounced [fuʁje]; 30 November 1565 – 9 December 1640) was a French canon regular who is honored as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church. Foregoing offers of high office, he served for many years as a pastor in the village of Mattaincourt in the Vosges. He was a strong proponent of free education and also helped to found a religious congregation of canonesses regular dedicated to the care of poor children, developing a new pedagogy for this.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Endeavour Sports High School
Endeavour Sports High School (abbreviated as ESHS) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive and specialist secondary day school, with speciality in sports, located in Caringbah, a southern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1964 as Endeavour High School, the school caters to approximately 1,000 students from Year 7 to Year 12. It is a selective, comprehensive co-educational school which bases its enrolment on students being proficient in a targeted sport or living in the relatively small local catchment area of the school. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education; the principal is James Kozlowski.

Endeavour Sports High School is a member of the NSW Sports High Schools Association. The school's alumni include many former and current sportspeople, and Endeavour Sports High School is well regarded in its sporting development of its students.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Sergio Mantecón
Sergio Martínez Mantecón (born 8 June 1980) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He is the current technical secretary of Elche CF.

He appeared in 270 Segunda División games over ten seasons, scoring a total of nine goals for Badajoz, Hércules, Castellón, Elche and Cádiz. In La Liga, he appeared with Elche (12 matches).

CD Badajoz
Club Deportivo Badajoz is a Spanish football team based in Badajoz, in the autonomous community of Extremadura. Founded in 1905, it currently plays in Tercera Federación – Group 14, and holds home games at Estadio Nuevo Vivero, with a 15,198-seat capacity.
Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

Koreans in Germany
Koreans in Germany numbered 80,000 individuals as of 2009, according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Though they are now only the 14th-largest Korean diaspora community worldwide, they remain the second-largest in Western Europe, behind the rapidly growing community of British Koreans. As of 2010, Germany has been hosting the second-largest number of Koreans residing in Western Europe, if one excludes Korean sojourners (students and general sojourners).

The largest community of Koreans is situated in the Frankfurt-Rhine Main Area, with 5,300 residents. This area also contains German and European headquarters of large Korean companies such as Kia Motors, Hyundai, Samsung Electronics, LG International, SK Group, Nexen Tire.
Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia
The Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia also known as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Lithuania and Byelorussia, was a communist party which governed the short-lived Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Byelorussia (SSR LiB) in 1919. The Central Committee of the party had the status of a regional committee within the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Following the loss of Lithuania and Byelorussia to Polish forces in the Polish-Soviet war, the party organized partisan units behind the front lines. In September 1920 the party was disbanded into the Communist Party of Lithuania and the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia.

Partisan (military)
A partisan (or partizan) is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

The term can apply to the field element of resistance movements. The most common use in present parlance in several languages refers to occupation resistance fighters during World War II, especially under the Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito.
Second Frontbench Team of Mike German
Mike German, the leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrat Group in the National Assembly for Wales, formed his second frontbench team of party spokespeople on 8 May 2003 after the dissolution of his party's coalition government with Rhodri Morgan's Welsh Labour following the 2003 National Assembly for Wales election. Richards had already formed a frontbench team before entering coalition, when his party became an opposition party after the 1999 National Assembly for Wales election before forming the coalition with Labour in October 2000.

German continued to serve as leader of his party's group until his resignation in 2008. A year earlier, he was elected leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats with the group leadership unified with this office. Kirsty Williams won a leadership election to succeed him as leader in December 2008 and she formed a new frontbench team later that same month.

2007 Welsh Liberal Democrats leadership election
The 2007 Welsh Liberal Democrats leadership election took place following the resignation of Lembit Öpik at the 2007 Autumn Liberal Democrat Conference in Aberystwyth following his belief that the Welsh Liberal Democrat leader should be the group leader in the National Assembly.

At the close of nominations only one candidate - Assembly group leader since 1999 Mike German was nominated and he was duly returned unopposed.

German went on to serve as leader for a little over a year until his resignation the following year.
Kelly Catlin
Kelly Catlin (November 3, 1995 – March 7, 2019) was an American professional racing cyclist who rode for UCI Women's Team Human Powered Health. Catlin won gold medals in the women's team pursuit at the 2016, 2017, and 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. She also won a silver medal in the same event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Human Powered Health (women's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPH) is a women's professional cycling team founded in 2012 which currently competes in the UCI Women's World Tour. In 2022, Human Powered Health became the first co-educational professional cycling team to promote its women's team to the WorldTour level ahead of its men's program.

The team was founded as Optum-Kelly Benefit Strategies and was initially directed by Rachel Heal. The team's current sports directors are Joanne Kiesanowski and Andrew Bajadali.
Football in Sudan
The sport of football in the East African country of Sudan is managed by the Sudan Football Association. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League. The Sudan Football Association, which was founded in 1946, and FIFA affiliated in 1948, was one of the founding members of the Confederation of African Football, and continues to be a member of the Confederation. Football is the most popular sport in Sudan, as it is in almost every country. Approximately 30% of Sudanese people are considered football fans.

Since at least 2006, there was also an unofficial Sudan women's national football team, trained by a male coach. Since September 2019, there has been an official national league for women's football clubs that started on the basis of informal women's clubs since the beginning of the 2000s. In 2021, the Sudan women's national football team participated for the first time in the Arab Women's Cup, held in Cairo, Egypt.

Sudan national football team
The Sudan national football team (Arabic: مُنْتَخَب السُّودَان الْوَطَنِيّ لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم, romanized: muntaḵab as-sūdān al-waṭaniyy likurratu l-qadam) represents Sudan in international football and is controlled by the Sudan Football Association, the governing body for football in Sudan. Its home ground is Khartoum Stadium in the capital Khartoum. In 1957, it was one of the three teams to participate in the inaugural Africa Cup of Nations, the other two being Egypt and Ethiopia.

Sudan is one of the oldest teams in Africa and won the 1970 Africa Cup of Nations as hosts.
It's About Time (My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic)
"It's About Time" is the twentieth episode of the second season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The episode was written by M.A. Larson. It originally aired on The Hub on March 10, 2012. In this episode, Twilight Sparkle is visited by her bedraggled future self who tries to warn her about an impending disaster, which causes Twilight to become increasingly paranoid about preventing a future catastrophe.

Global catastrophic risk
A global catastrophic risk or a doomsday scenario is a hypothetical event that could damage human well-being on a global scale, endangering or even destroying modern civilization. Existential risk is a related term limited to events that could cause full-blown human extinction or permanently and drastically curtail humanity's existence or potential.

In the 21st century, a number of academic and non-profit organizations have been established to research global catastrophic and existential risks, formulate potential mitigation measures, and either advocate for or implement these measures.
Point process notation
In probability and statistics,  point process notation comprises the range of mathematical notation used to symbolically represent random objects known as point processes, which are used in related fields such as stochastic geometry, spatial statistics and continuum percolation theory and frequently serve as mathematical models of random phenomena, representable as points, in time, space or both.

The notation varies due to the histories of certain mathematical fields and the different interpretations of point processes,  and borrows notation from mathematical areas of study such as measure theory and set theory.

Mathematical notation
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way.

For example, the physicist Albert Einstein's formula  is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy equivalence.

Mathematical notation was first introduced by François Viète at the end of the 16th century and largely expanded during the 17th and 18th centuries by René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and overall Leonhard Euler.
John Stone (sheriff)
John P. Stone (July 7, 1949 – November 6, 2022) was an American politician and police officer who served as sheriff of Jefferson County, Colorado, between 1999 and 2003. He was the center of national and international attention soon after taking office when two students of Columbine High School perpetrated the Columbine High School massacre on April 20, 1999.

Stone's handling of the Columbine crisis and police response drew strong criticism, mainly because officers did not enter the building to confront the shooters. Stone defended his officers' actions by saying that his officers simply followed their training. After Columbine, changes were implemented in the active shooter training for officers in the United States and the world.

Columbine High School
Columbine High School (CHS) is a public high school in Columbine, Colorado. It is part of Jefferson County Public Schools. In the 2024–25 academic year, it enrolled 1,710 students.

The school is not in the city limits of Littleton. The school's mailing address uses the postal city "Littleton, CO". Multiple media outlets described the school as being in Littleton.

In 1999, it became the scene of an infamous mass shooting, where 13 students and one teacher were murdered, including a victim who died in 2025, by senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold before the pair committed suicide.
Cape lion
The Cape lion was a lion Panthera leo melanochaita population in South Africa's Natal and Cape Provinces that has been locally extinct since the mid-19th century. The type specimen originated at the Cape of Good Hope and was described in 1842.

The Cape lion was once considered a distinct lion subspecies. However, phylogeographic analysis has shown that lion populations in Southern and East Africa are closely related. In 2017, the subspecies Panthera leo melanochaita was recircumscribed to include all lion populations in Southern and East Africa. Genetic analysis published in 2023 suggests that Cape lions were not particularly distinctive from other Southern African lion populations.

Phylogeography
Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of genetics, particularly population genetics.

This term was introduced to describe geographically structured genetic signals within and among species. An explicit focus on a species' biogeography/biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical population genetics and phylogenetics.

Past events that can be inferred include population expansion, population bottlenecks, vicariance, dispersal, and migration. Recently developed approaches integrating coalescent theory or the genealogical history of alleles and distributional information can more accurately address the relative roles of these different historical forces in shaping current patterns.
Pandian Stores 2
Pandian Stores 2 – Thandhai Sollmikka Manthiramilai (transl. Pandian Stores 2 – Nothing Is Greater Than Father's Words) is a 2023 Indian Tamil language soap opera directed by V.C. Ravi and it is a spiritual spin-off of the 2018 series Pandian Stores, starring  emsemble cast Stalin Muthu, Nirosha, VJ Kathirvel, Sharanya Turadi, Venkat Renganathan, Hema Rajkumar, Akash Premkumar, Shalini Prabu, and others. It was premiered on 30 October 2023.

Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj
Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj (born 22 October 1987) is an Indian actress who predominately appears in Tamil television shows. She became well known for her lead role in Star Vijay's soap opera Nenjam Marappathillai (2017–2019). She has also acted in some films such as Aayiram Muthangaludan Thenmozhi, Chennai Ungalai Anbudan Varaverkirathu, etc.