hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bridges' Battery Illinois Light Artillery
Bridges' Battery Illinois Light Artillery was an artillery battery from Illinois that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized on 17 June 1861 as Company G, 19th Illinois Infantry Regiment, it was detached as an independent artillery battery on 14 January 1863. The battery fought in the Tullahoma campaign, at the battles of Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, and in the Knoxville campaign in 1863. Bridges' Battery participated in the Atlanta campaign in 1864, fighting at Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Pickett's Mill, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, and Jonesboro. The unit fought at Franklin and Nashville shortly before it was renamed Battery B, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment on 21 December 1864. It spent the rest of the war with the Nashville garrison and was mustered out in July 1865.

19th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The 19th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.  Three companies formerly with Col. Elmer Ellsworth's Zouave Cadets wore a zouave uniform consisting of a dark blue zouave jacket with red trimmings, red pants, leather gaiters, a sky blue shirt, red sash, and a red French styled kepi with a dark blue band.  The jacket cuffs were trimmed in yellow-orange and red.  Brass buttons went down both fronts of the jacket.  They were organized into four separate companies on May 4, 1861, in Chicago. It was consolidated and mustered into Federal service as the 19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry on June 17, 1861. It was mustered out at Chicago on July 9, 1864.
Gervase Paganell
Gervase Paganell inherited the feudal barony of Dudley (which included Dudley Castle) around the year 1150. However, after rebelling against King Henry II, his castle was demolished. Gervase founded the Cluniac Priory of St James in Dudley and probably founded the Church of St Thomas in Dudley. He died in 1194.

Slighting
Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative, or social structures. This destruction of property is sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape. It is a phenomenon with complex motivations and was often used as a tool of control. Slighting spanned cultures and periods, with especially well-known examples from the English Civil War in the 17th century.
Stovin v Wise
Stovin v Wise [1996] UKHL 15 is an English tort law case about a highway authority's liability in negligence. The majority speech of Lord Hoffmann contains important principles about omissions liability and the liability of public authorities.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
Crisscross heart
Crisscross heart is a type of congenital heart defect where the right atrium is closely associated with the left ventricle in space, and the left atrium is closely associated with the right ventricle.

Although it is classified as a defect, the criss-cross is more of a spatial anomaly than a functional one, and it is possible for the heart to have relatively normal functioning. The ventricles are rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise resulting in the twisting of their connection. The actual blood flow stream through the ventricles is not interrupted.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Baby Oil (song)
"Baby Oil" is a 2024 song by Nigerian-American artist Speed Darlington. Released in October 2024, the song attracted significant attention, with fans and critics interpreting it as a satirical response to controversies involving prominent figures in the music industry, including Burna Boy and American rapper Sean "Diddy" Combs. The release of "Baby Oil" followed a highly publicized series of events, including Darlington's detainment by the Nigerian police, reportedly connected to Burna Boy's legal actions against him.

Nigeria Police Force
The Nigeria Police Force is the principal law enforcement and the lead security agency in Nigeria. It was designated by the 1999 constitution as the national police of Nigeria, with exclusive jurisdiction throughout the country. As at 2021, it had a staff strength of about 371,800. There are currently plans to increase the force to 650,000, adding 280,000 new recruits to the existing 370,000. The Nigeria Police Force is a very large organisation consisting of 36 State commands and Federal Capital Territory (FCT) grouped into 17 zones and 8 administrative organs. As of February 2026, the NPF is headed by IGP (Inspector General) Tunji Disu. In 2020, it underwent major overhauls.
Zduńska Wola
Zduńska Wola [ˈzduɲska ˈvɔla] ⓘ is a city in central Poland with 40,730 inhabitants (2021). It is the seat of Zduńska Wola County in the Łódź Voivodeship. The city was once one of the largest cloth, linen and cotton weaving centres in Poland and is the birthplace of Saint Maximilian Kolbe as well as Maksymilian Faktorowicz, the founder of Max Factor cosmetics company.

Max Factor
Max Factor is a line of cosmetics from Coty, founded in 1909 as Max Factor & Company by Maksymilian Faktorowicz.

Max Factor specialized in movie make-up. Until its 1973 sale for US$500 million (approximately $3.7 billion in 2017 dollars), Max Factor & Company was owned by several generations of the family, becoming an international company during that time. Procter & Gamble purchased it in 1991.
Mary Ann Handley
Mary Ann Handley (May 13, 1936 – December 9, 2023) was an American politician. Handley, a Democrat, served as a member of the Connecticut State Senate from 1997 until her retirement in 2010. She was Chief Deputy Majority Leader, as well as a member of the Appropriations, Commerce, Higher Education and Employment Advancement, and Judiciary Committees.

A resident of Manchester, she represented Bolton, Glastonbury, Manchester, and Marlborough in the Connecticut Senate. Before being elected to the senate, Handley served as deputy mayor of Manchester (1991–1996) and as a member of the Manchester Board of Directors (1987–1989, 1991–1996). Handley also was a college professor from 1967 to 1997.

Handley was born and raised in Manchester. She held a Bachelor of Arts from Connecticut College and a Master of Arts from the University of Connecticut.

Handley died on December 9, 2023, at the age of 87.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Marina Ahmad
Marina Masuma Ahmad is a British Labour Party politician and trade unionist who has been the London Assembly Member for Lambeth and Southwark since the 2021 London Assembly election. She represented Crystal Palace and was an education spokesperson on Bromley Council.

Lambeth and Southwark (London Assembly constituency)
Lambeth and Southwark is a constituency represented in the London Assembly.

It consists of the London Borough of Lambeth and London Borough of Southwark.

Since the first assembly elections in 2000 it has been represented by the Labour Party, firstly by Val Shawcross, then by Florence Eshalomi (subsequently MP for Vauxhall, which falls under this constituency), and by Marina Ahmad since 2021.
Cade York
Cade F. York (born January 27, 2001) is an American professional football placekicker. He played college football for the LSU Tigers, winning the 2019 national championship prior to being selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 2022 NFL draft.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
John K. Lattimer
John Kingsley Lattimer (October 14, 1914 – May 10, 2007) was a urologist who did extensive research on the Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy assassinations, becoming the first medical specialist not affiliated with the United States government to examine the medical evidence related to Kennedy's assassination. Lattimer studied at Columbia University and became the urologist-in-chief of Presbyterian Hospital and chairman of the urology department at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University for 25 years. He wrote 375 papers helping to establish pediatric urology as a field and is credited with developing a cure for renal tuberculosis.

NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital
The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (abbreviated as NYP) is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City. It is the primary teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. The hospital includes nine campuses located throughout the New York metropolitan area. The hospital's two flagship medical centers, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, are located on opposite sides of Upper Manhattan.

As of 2022, the hospital is ranked the seventh-best hospital in the United States and second-best in the New York City metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report. The hospital has more than 6,500 affiliated physicians, 20,000 employees and operates 4,000+ beds in total. It is one of the largest hospitals in the world. NYPH annually treats about 310,000 patients in its emergency department and delivers about 15,000 babies.
Nansook Hong
Nansook Hong (born 1966), is the author of the autobiography, In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family, published in 1998 by Little, Brown and Company. It gave her account of her life up to that time, including her marriage to  Hyo Jin Moon, the first son of  Unification Church founder and leader Sun Myung Moon and his wife Hakja Han Moon.

Hak Ja Han
Hak Ja Han Moon (Korean: 한학자; Hanja: 韓鶴子; born February 10, 1943) is a Korean religious leader. Her late husband Sun Myung Moon was the founder of the Unification Church. Han and Moon were married in April 1960 and have 10 living children and over 30 grandchildren. In 1992, she established the Women's Federation for World Peace, and traveled the world speaking on its behalf. Since her husband's death, she has assumed leadership of the Unification Church, whose followers call her "True Mother" and "Mother of Peace". In 2025, she was arrested on bribery charges.
Thurisaz
The rune ᚦ is called Thurs (Old Norse Þurs, a type of entity, from a reconstructed Common Germanic *Þurisaz) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called thorn, whence the name of the letter þ derived. 
It is transliterated as þ, and has the sound value of a voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (the English sound of th as in thing).

The rune is absent from the earliest Vimose inscriptions, but it is found in the Thorsberg chape inscription, dated to ca. AD 200.

The rune may have been an original innovation, or it may have been adapted from the classical Latin alphabet's D, or from the Rhaetic alphabet's Θ.

Old English rune poem
The Old English rune poem, dated to the 8th or 9th century, has stanzas on 29 Anglo-Saxon runes.
It stands alongside younger rune poems from Scandinavia, which record the names of the 16 Younger Futhark runes.

The poem is a product of the period of declining vitality of the runic script in Anglo-Saxon England after the Christianization of the 7th century. A large body of scholarship has been devoted to the poem, mostly dedicated to its importance for runology but to a lesser extent also to the cultural lore embodied in its stanzas.

The sole manuscript recording the poem, Cotton Otho B.x, was destroyed in the fire at the Cotton library of 1731, and all editions of the poems are based on a facsimile published by George Hickes in 1705.
Squirrelheaded catfish
The squirrelheaded catfish (Arius microcephalus) is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Pieter Bleeker in 1855. It inhabits tropical marine and brackish waters in the western Pacific region, including eastern Thailand and Borneo. It reaches a maximum total length of 60 cm (24 in).

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Hero – Gayab Mode On
Hero – Gayab Mode On (transl. Hero – Invisible Mode On)  is an Indian Hindi-language science fiction action television series.  The show revolves around a man who finds a ring which gives him supernatural powers. He must fight alien forces who are after the ring and save the world, aided by his friends and family. It was on aired from 7 December 2020 to
30 October 2021 on Sony SAB. It stars Abhishek Nigam as the titular character.

Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah
Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah (transl. "Taarak Mehta's Inverted Spectacles"), often abbreviated as TMKOC, is an Indian sitcom and comedy based on the weekly column Duniya Ne Undha Chasma by Tarak Mehta for the magazine Chitralekha. Produced by Asit Kumarr Modi, it is one of the longest-running television series in India. The series premiered on 28 July 2008 on Sony SAB and is also digitally available on SonyLIV.
Bullous myringitis hemorrhagica
Bullous myringitis haemorrhagica  or bullous myringitis  is a painful medical condition characterized by an infection of the eardrum or tympanic membrane. Bullous myringitis is an infection on or around the tympanic membrane that results in fluid-filled blisters that look like bubbles.

Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. The ear thereby converts and amplifies vibration in the air to vibration in cochlear fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Rupture or perforation of the eardrum can lead to conductive hearing loss. Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma.
Carly Wilson
Carly Wilson (born 8 July 1982) is an Australian former basketball player. She played for several teams in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL), including the Dandenong Rangers, Australian Institute of Sport, Perth Lynx and Canberra Capitals. She represented Australia at the Commonwealth Games, where the team won a gold medal.

Women's National Basketball League
The Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) is a professional women's basketball league in Australia composed of eight teams. The league was founded in 1981 and is the women's counterpart to the National Basketball League (NBL).
The Michael Richards Show
The Michael Richards Show is an American television sitcom created by Spike Feresten, Gregg Kavet, Andy Robin and Michael Richards that was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment and Warner Bros. Television and aired on NBC from October 24 to December 19, 2000, for eight episodes. The show stars Richards as socially awkward but talented private detective Vic Nardozza, who gets the job done despite his unusual methods.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
2024 A-Leagues All Stars Women game
The 2024 A-Leagues All Stars Women game was an exhibition soccer match that was played on 24 May 2024, featuring an all-star team of the A-League Women against Women's Super League club Arsenal at Docklands Stadium in Melbourne, Australia as part of Global Football Week Melbourne. It was the first edition of the A-Leagues All Stars Women game and the fourth of the A-Leagues All Stars Game.

A-Leagues All Stars Game
The A-Leagues All Star Game is a soccer match contested by the A-Leagues All Stars team against an invitee club. The All Stars team is made up of selected A-League Men or A-League Women players. The game is played during the footballing off-season, the first of which was held on 20 July 2013.

After the 2014 edition, the All Star Game was not held for almost a decade, before the concept was revived in 2022 and was expected to continue for at least the 2023, 2024 and 2025 A-League seasons as part of the commercial agreement with the NSW State Government to play a "Football Festival" culminating with the A-League Grand final in Sydney for those three seasons.
Datu Bago-class offshore patrol vessel
The Datu Bago-class multi-mission offshore vessel is a new class of 40-meter offshore patrol vessel currently in service with the Philippine Coast Guard, after being transferred from the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) in 2024.

The ships was constructed by Josefa Slipways Inc.'s shipyard in Sual, Pangasinan province in the Philippines, and its design was provided by Australian ship designer Incat Crowther.

The ships are designed to patrol Philippine waters and exclusive economic zone to protect against illegal fishing, and protection of marine resources. The ships will also assist the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) in maritime patrol, and maritime law enforcement within Philippine waters and exclusive economic zone, as the ships are jointly crewed by personnel from the BFAR and PCG.

Philippine Coast Guard
The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG; Filipino: Tanod Baybayin ng Pilipinas) is the third armed uniformed service of the country attached to the Philippines' Department of Transportation, tasked primarily with enforcing laws within Philippine waters, conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding life and property at sea, and protecting marine environment and resources; similar to coast guard units around the world. In case of a declaration of war, the Coast Guard shall also serve as an attached service of the Department of National Defense.

It currently maintains a presence throughout the archipelago, with sixteen Coast Guard Districts, fifty-four CG Stations and over one hundred ninety Coast Guard Sub-Stations, from Basco, Batanes to Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.
Trophy hunting in Pakistan
Trophy Hunting in Pakistan is a form of hunting for sport in which parts of the hunted wild animals are kept and displayed as trophies. Pakistan harbors a collection of the most uncommon types of wild sheep and goats on the planet. These include the Blue sheep, Kashmir, Astor, and Suleman Markhors, as well as Punjab, Blandford, and Afghan Urials, alongside the Himalayan and Sindh Ibex.

Trophy hunting
Trophy hunting is a form of hunting for sport in which parts of the hunted wild animals are kept and displayed as trophies. The animal being targeted, known as the "game", is typically a mature male specimen from a popular species of collectable interests, usually of large sizes, holding impressive horns, antlers, furs, or manes. Most trophies consist of only select parts of the animal, which are prepared for display by a taxidermist. The parts most commonly kept vary by species but often include the head, hide, tusks, horns, or antlers.

Trophies are often displayed in trophy rooms or game rooms, or in gun rooms along with the hunter's gun collection.

Trophy hunting has strong supporters and opponents. The controversy focuses on the morality of hunting for pleasure rather than for practical use, as well as questions about the extent to which big-game hunting benefits conservation efforts.
Atulbaba Suresh Bhosale
Atulbaba Suresh Bhosale or Atul Bhosale is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Karad South Assembly constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He unsuccessfully contested in 2014 and 2019.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.