hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Male expendability
Male expendability, the relative expendability argument, or the expendable male hypothesis, is the idea that the lives of male humans are of less concern to a population than those of female humans because they are less necessary for population replacement. Since the 1970s, anthropologists have used the concept of male expendability to study polygyny, matrilinearity, and division of labor by gender role.

The concept comes from the idea that, from a reproductivity standpoint, one male may be able to impregnate or otherwise father offspring with many females. In humans, this would mean that a population with many reproducing women and few reproducing men would be able to grow more easily than a population with many reproducing men and few reproducing women.

Polygyny
In Eritrea, India, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and Sri Lanka polygyny is legal only for Muslims.

In Nigeria and South Africa, polygynous marriages based on customary law are legally recognized for Muslims.

In Mauritius, polygynous unions have no legal recognition. However, Muslim men may marry up to four women, but they do not have the legal status of wives.

Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪni/) is a form of polygamy entailing the marriage of a man to several women. The term polygyny is from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία (polugunía); from Ancient Greek  πολύ (polú) 'many' and  γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, wife'.
Kavyamela
Kavyamela (transl. Poetry Fair) is a 1965 Indian Malayalam-language film written by S. L. Puram Sadanandan and directed by M. Krishnan Nair, starring Prem Nazir and Sheela in the lead roles. The film is best known for the performance by Prem Nazir and songs by Dakshinamoorthy – Vayalar team.

Kavyamela released on 22 October 1965. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam.

The movie was a remake of the 1961 Kannada movie Kantheredu Nodu produced by A K Velan. Velan, who had earlier sold the copyrights of the Kannada movie Kantheredu Nodu to T. E. Vasudevan for Rs.1000, subsequently purchased it back for Rs.5000 to remake it in Tamil for a 1968 movie titled Devi, which bombed at the box office.

V. Dakshinamoorthy
Venkateswaran Dakshinamoorthy (9 December 1919 – 2 August 2013) was a veteran carnatic musician and composer and music director of Malayalam, Tamil and Hindi films. His work was predominantly in Malayalam cinema.

He has set scores for the songs in over 125 films, and composed as many as 1400 songs over a period of 63 years. Fondly known as Swami, he was instrumental in pioneering classical music-based film songs. Revered as one of the forefathers of the Malayalam music industry, he has mentored many of the renowned contemporary singers and composers including P. Leela and K. J. Yesudas.

In 1998, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for his contributions to Malayalam cinema.
1976 Portland, Oregon mayoral election
On May 25, 1976, an election was held in Portland, Oregon, to elect the mayor. Incumbent mayor Neil Goldschmidt won reelection, defeating city commissioner Frank Ivancie.

Portland uses a nonpartisan system for local elections, in which all voters are eligible to participate. All candidates are listed on the ballot without any political party affiliation.

All candidates meeting the qualifications competed in a blanket primary election on May 25, 1976. Because Goldschmidt received an absolute majority of the vote in the primary election, no run-off election was held.

Frank Ivancie
Francis James Ivancie (July 19, 1924 – May 2, 2019) was an American businessman and politician who served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, from 1980 to 1985. Prior to his term as mayor, Ivancie served for fourteen years on the Portland City Council. After his retirement from elected office, Ivancie remained active in community affairs, occasionally lending his support to political causes. During his political career, Ivancie was a conservative Democrat.
Rahul Shetty
Rahul Shetty is an Indian dancer and choreographer known for his works in Hindi cinema  in ABCD 2 (2015), A Flying Jatt (2016), Race 3 (2018), Baaghi 2 (2018), Zero (2018), Housefull 4 (2019), Street Dancer 3D (2020) and Heropanti 2 (2022). He has frequently worked with Tiger Shroff. He collaborated with Prabhu Deva in "Happy Hour" from ABCD 2 along with Paul Marshal and in Street Dancer 3D for "Muqabla 2.0". He in association with Kruti Mahesh, received Filmfare nominations for Best Choreography for the tracks "Illegal Weapon" and "Nachi Nachi" from Street Dancer 3D. Ahmad Khan and Remo D'Souza have been his mentors.

Remo D'Souza
Remo Gopi D'Souza (born Ramesh Gopi Nair; 2 April 1974) is an Indian choreographer, film director, and producer. Over the course of his career spanning more than 25 years, D'Souza has choreographed more than 100 films. He is considered the most successful and renowned choreographer in the Hindi film industry and has served as a role model for many Indian choreographers. Additionally, he has been a judge on the dance reality show Dance Plus for seven consecutive seasons.
Tzvi Ayalon
Tzvi Ayalon (Hebrew: צבי איָילון; 15 June 1911 - 4 March 1993) was a Haganah leader and a major general (Aluf) in the Israel Defense Forces, he served as the first Deputy Chief of General Staff as well as the commander of the Central Command (Israel). After his military service he served as the deputy director-general of the Ministry of Defense (Israel) and Ambassador of Israel in Romania.

Deputy Chief of General Staff (IDF)
The deputy chief of General Staff is the second to the chief of General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces. The deputy chief of staff is an officer with the rank of major general (Aluf). The current deputy chief of staff is Major General (Aluf) Tamir Yadai.
Aganetha Dyck
Aganetha Dyck (September 12, 1937 – July 18, 2025) was a Canadian sculptor residing in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Dyck is best known for her work with live honeybees, that build honeycomb on objects that she introduces to honeybee hives. In 2007 Dyck was awarded both Manitoba's Arts Award of Distinction and Canada's Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts.

Manitoba Arts Council
The Manitoba Arts Council (MAC) is a provincial crown corporation whose purpose is to promote the arts. The Council awards grants to professional artists and arts organizations in Manitoba in all art forms; it also provides related creative activity such as arts education.

The Council was founded in 1965 with the passage of An Act to Establish The Manitoba Arts Council and incorporated in 1967. (It now operates under the terms of The Arts Council Act.) Remaining at arm’s-length from the Government of Manitoba, it is funded by the Manitoba Sport, Culture and Heritage and reports annually to the Provincial Legislature through the Minister of Sport, Culture and Heritage in its annual report.
Columnidin
Columnidin is an orange red pigment, belonging to the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins found in red-flowered western-hemisphere gesneriad species such as episcias, columneas, sarmientas, and sinningias.

The columnidin is named after the gesneriad genus Columnea in which it is found, notably in Columnea hybrida.

Columnea
Columnea is a genus of around 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the family Gesneriaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – usually red, yellow, or orange – sometimes resembling a fish in shape. A common name is flying goldfish plants (see also the related Nematanthus) due to the unusual flower shape.

The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus after the Latinized spelling of the name of the 16th-century Italian botanist Fabio Colonna (Latin: Fabius Columnus).

The segregate genus Bucinellina is considered by many botanists a synonym of Columnea. A full list of the species now accepted in the genus, along with their synonyms, can be found at the World Checklist of Gesneriaceae.
Kerguelen hotspot
The Kerguelen hotspot is a volcanic hotspot at the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Indian Ocean. The Kerguelen hotspot has produced basaltic lava for about 130 million years and has also produced the Kerguelen Islands, Naturaliste Plateau, Heard Island, the McDonald Islands, the Comei large igneous province in south Tibet, and the Rajmahal Traps. One of the associated features, the Ninety East Ridge, is distinguished by its over 5,000 km (3,100 mi) length, being the longest linear tectonic feature on Earth. The total volume of magma erupted in 130 million years with associated features has been estimated to be about 25,000,000 km3 (6,000,000 cu mi). However, as well as large igneous provinces and seamounts the hotspot has interacted with other seafloor spreading features, so this volume figure has some uncertainty.

Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra deposits), arising when magma travels through the crust towards the surface. The formation of LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with divergent plate tectonics. The formation of some of the LIPs in the past 500 million years coincide in time with mass extinctions and rapid climatic changes, which has led to numerous hypotheses about causal relationships. LIPs are fundamentally different from any other currently active volcanoes or volcanic systems.
Gojōme
Gojōme (五城目町, Gojōme-machi) is a town located in Akita, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the town had an estimated population of 8317 in 3870 households and a population density of 39 persons per km2. The total area was  214.92 square kilometres (82.98 sq mi).

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Netball at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Netball was one of the ten core sports at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, which was held on the Gold Coast in Australia. This was the sixth staging of netball at the Commonwealth Games since its inclusion in 1998, and the second time the netball event was held in Australia.

The competition took place between 5 and 15 April 2018. Preliminary matches were held at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre, with finals matches held at the Coomera Indoor Sports Centre. A total of 144 athletes from 12 nations participated in the tournament.

Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre
The Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre (GCCEC) is located on the Gold Coast Highway in Broadbeach, Queensland, Australia. The venue was opened on 29 June 2004 at a cost of A$167 million. It is linked by a covered walkway to The Star Gold Coast. The convention centre is managed by the Star Entertainment Group, which is a subsidiary of Bally's Corporation. The venue caters for up to 6,000 people.
Radek Černý
Radek Černý (Czech pronunciation: [ˈradek ˈtʃerniː]; born 18 February 1974) is a Czech former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played principally for Slavia Prague in the Czech First League between its inception in 1993 and 2005, when he moved to England. Černý spent eight years in England with Tottenham Hotspur and Queens Park Rangers before returning to his former club Slavia in 2013, where he played one season before his retirement. Černý enjoyed a brief international career, making three appearances for the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2002.

Czech Republic national football team
The Czech Republic men's national football team (Czech: Česká mužská fotbalová reprezentace), recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the first international competition of the Czech Republic was UEFA Euro 1996, where they finished runners-up. They have taken part at every European Championship since. Following the separation, they have featured at one FIFA World Cup, the 2006 tournament.
Satish Sharma (politician)
Satish Sharma is an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir, currently serving as the cabinet minister in the government of Jammu and Kashmir. He is a member of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. Sharma won 2024 assembly election from Chhamb as an Independent candidate and later gave his support to Omar Abdullaah and his party National conference Government.

Chhamb Assembly constituency
Chhamb Assembly constituency is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a northern union territory of India. Chhamb is also part of Jammu constituency.
Edgar Ætheling
Edgar Ætheling or Edgar II (c. 1052 – 1125 or after) was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex. He was elected King of England by the Witan in 1066 but never crowned. After exile and war against the Normans, Edgar migrated to Norman Apulia (modern-day Italy) and possibly partook in the First Crusade (or, at least, made pilgrimage to Jerusalem following its conquest). In later life, Edgar was entangled in Norman dynastic struggles before retiring to a quiet life in the countryside.

Witan
The witan (lit. 'wise men') was the king's council in the Anglo-Saxon government of England from before the 7th century until the 11th century. It comprised important noblemen, including ealdormen, thegns, and bishops. Meetings of the witan were sometimes called the witenagemot.

Its primary function was to advise the king on legislation, judicial cases, land transfers, and other matters of national importance. The witan may have elected new kings from among members of the ruling dynasty. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, these roles were performed by a similar council known as the curia regis.

Before the 20th century, many historians considered the witan to be a proto-parliament, an institution both democratic and representative, and in substance an ancestor of the Parliament of England. Later historical interpretation, however, has emphasised the witan's ad hoc and essentially royal nature.
Johnson Omuhunde Rwashote Byabashaija
Johnson Omuhunde Rwashote Byabashaija (Born on 27 September 1957) also known as Canon. Dr. J.O.R Byabashaija is a Ugandan Canon and Veterinary doctor who is the Commissioner General of Prisons in Uganda since 2005. Byabashaija was appointed a Lay Canon in the Church of Uganda North Kigezi.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.
Sergio Canales
Sergio Canales Madrazo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈseɾxjo kaˈnales maˈðɾaθo]; born 16 February 1991) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Liga MX club Monterrey.

After starting out at Racing de Santander, he signed as a 19-year-old with Real Madrid for €4.5 million, but failed to reproduce his form at the latter club and left after only one season. He went on to represent, always in La Liga, Valencia, Real Sociedad and Betis, totalling 384 games and 49 goals across 15 seasons and winning the Copa del Rey once with Real Madrid and Betis.

Canales earned 39 caps for Spain at youth level, winning the 2013 European Championship with the under-21 team. He made his debut for the senior squad in 2019.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Dehalococcoides
Dehalococcoides is a genus of bacteria within class Dehalococcoidia that obtain energy via the oxidation of hydrogen and subsequent reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds in a mode of anaerobic respiration called organohalide respiration. They are well known for their great potential to remediate halogenated ethenes and aromatics. They are the only bacteria known to transform highly chlorinated dioxins, PCBs. In addition, they are the only known bacteria to transform tetrachloroethene (perchloroethene, PCE) to ethene.

Halocarbon
Halocarbon compounds are chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine – group 17) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, organoiodine compounds, and organoastatine compounds. Chlorine halocarbons are the most common and are called organochlorides.

Many synthetic organic compounds such as plastic polymers, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; they are known as halogenated compounds or organohalogens. Organochlorides are the most common industrially used organohalides, although the other organohalides are used commonly in organic synthesis. Except for extremely rare cases, organohalides are not produced biologically, but many pharmaceuticals are organohalides. Notably, many pharmaceuticals such as Prozac have trifluoromethyl groups.

For information on inorganic halide chemistry, see halide.
Alejandro Zamora
Alejandro Zamora Barbero (born 22 April 1984) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

He spent the vast majority of his career in Segunda División B, playing more than 200 matches for eight clubs. His professional input consisted of 60 Segunda División appearances over three seasons (with Salamanca and Recreativo), and one in La Liga with Betis.

UD Salamanca
Unión Deportiva Salamanca, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβa salaˈmaŋka]) was a historical Spanish football team based in Salamanca, in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

Founded on 9 February 1923 and nicknamed Los Charros, the club played in white shirts and black shorts, holding home games at Estadio Helmántico, which seated 17,341 spectators.
Tomoki Hiwatashi
Tomoki Richard Hiwatashi (born January 20, 2000) is a retired American figure skater. He is a four-time ISU Challenger Series bronze medalist and a two-time U.S. national medalist.

At the junior level, he is the 2019 World Junior champion, the 2016 World Junior bronze medalist, a five-time medalist on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, and the 2016 U.S. junior national champion.

2019 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2019 U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 18–27, 2019, at the Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2019 Four Continents Championships, 2019 World Junior Championships, and the 2019 World Championships.

Detroit was announced as the host in November 2017.
Yakoun River
The Yakoun River (Haida: Yaaguun G̱andlee) 
is the largest river of Haida Gwaii, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Located on Graham Island it flows about 58 km (36 mi) from Yakoun Lake north to Masset Inlet, a large saltwater bay located in the heart of the Graham Island and connected to the Pacific Ocean at Dixon Entrance via a long narrow inlet called Masset Sound.

The Yakoun River's watershed covers 550 km2 (210 sq mi), and its mean annual discharge is an estimated 32.6 m3/s (1,150 cu ft/s). The mouth of the Yakoun River is located about 3.5 km (2.2 mi) south of Port Clements, 40 km (25 mi) south of Masset, and about 46 km (29 mi) north of Skidegate. It is about 145 km (90 mi) west of Prince Rupert on the mainland. Vancouver is about 800 km (500 mi) to the southeast. The river's watershed's land cover is classified as 63.4% conifer forest, 22.5% shrubland, and small amounts of other cover.

Masset
Masset (/ˈmæsɪt/; formerly Massett) is a village in the Haida Gwaii archipelago in British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Masset Sound on the northern coast of Graham Island, the largest island in the archipelago, and is approximately 50 km (31 mi) west of mainland British Columbia. It is the primary western terminus of Trans-Canada Highway 16 (the Yellowhead Highway) and is served by Masset Airport, with flights to Vancouver and Prince Rupert. During the maritime fur trade of the early 19th century, Masset was a key trading site. It was incorporated as a village municipality on May 11, 1961.
Michael Smith (Irish politician)
Michael Smith (born 8 November 1940) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Defence from 1997 to 2004, Minister for Education from November 1994 to December 1994, Minister for the Environment from 1992 to 1994 and a Minister of State in various governments. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Tipperary North constituency from 1969 to 1973, 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 2002. He also served as a Senator for the Cultural and Educational Panel from 1983 to 1987 and for the Agricultural Panel from May 1982 to December 1982.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.