hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patsy M. Lightbown
Patsy M. Lightbown (born 1944 in North Carolina, USA) is an American applied linguist whose research focuses on the teaching and acquisition of second and/or foreign languages in a classroom context. Her theories of second language acquisition earned her the SPEAQ Award for "contributions which have had an impact on the entire English (second language) teaching community in Quebec".  She served in the United States Peace Corps in Niger, West Africa from 1965 to 1967. In her more than forty years in the field she has taught at multiple universities across the United States, Australia and Canada. She holds the title of Distinguished Professor Emerita at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec. She has written seven published books and has been featured in many book chapters and refereed journals. She currently works as an independent consultant, editor, researcher and writing in second language acquisition and learning.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Kazhuvethi Moorkkan
Kazhuvethi Moorkkan is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language political action drama film written and directed by Sy Gowthama Raj. The film stars Arulnithi, Dushara Vijayan, and Santhosh Prathap, with Chaya Devi, Munishkanth, Sharath Lohithaswa, Rajasimman, and Yaar Kannan portraying supporting roles. The music was composed by D. Imman with cinematography by Sridhar and editing by Nagooran.

The film was released on 26 May 2023. It received positive reviews from critics.

Dushara Vijayan
Dushara Vijayan (born 14 October 1997) is an Indian actress who is known for her works in Tamil cinema. She made her debut in the Tamil film Bodhai Yeri Budhi Maari (2019), and gained recognition for her performances in Sarpatta Parambarai (2021), Natchathiram Nagargiradhu (2022), Raayan (2024) and Vettaiyan (2024). In January 2026, she received the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress (Special Prize) for her 2022 performance in the film Natchathiram Nagargiradhu.
Municipality of Mascot
The Municipality of Mascot was a local government area in the inner south of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The municipality was proclaimed as the Borough of North Botany on 29 March 1888 and was renamed to the Municipality of Mascot, in order to differentiate itself from their southern neighbour, from 31 October 1911. It included the modern suburbs of Eastlakes and Daceyville, with parts of Mascot and Pagewood. From 1 January 1949, the council was amalgamated into the Municipality of Botany, with the passing of the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948.

Local Government (Areas) Act 1948
The Local Government (Areas) Act 1948 was a landmark New South Wales statute that was notable for its wide-ranging reforms for and amalgamations of the Local Government Areas of New South Wales within the County of Cumberland. Largely informed by the recommendations and findings of the 1945–46 Royal Commission on Local Government Boundaries, the act was written and presented to parliament by the Minister for Local Government in the NSW Government, Joseph Cahill.
Nag's Head Fable
The Nag's Head Fable was a fiction which purported that Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury under Elizabeth I, was consecrated with a Bible pressed to his neck in the Nag's Head tavern in Cheapside. The story surfaced more than 40 years after Parker's consecration and was spread by some Roman Catholics as fact until the dawn of the 20th century.

Cheapside
Cheapside is a street in the City of London, the historic and modern financial centre of London, England, which forms part of the A40 London to Fishguard road. It links St Martin's Le Grand with Poultry. Near its eastern end at Bank Junction, where it becomes Poultry, is Mansion House, the Bank of England, and Bank station. To the west is St Paul's Cathedral, St Paul's tube station and square.

In the Middle Ages, it was known as Westcheap, as opposed to Eastcheap, another street in the City, near London Bridge. The boundaries of the wards of Cheap, Cordwainer and Bread Street run along Cheapside and Poultry; prior to boundary changes in 2003 the road was divided amongst Farringdon Within and Cripplegate wards in addition to the current three.

The contemporary Cheapside is the location of a range of retail and food outlets and offices, as well as the City's only major shopping centre, One New Change.
The Land of Lost Content (book)
The Land of Lost Content: the Biography of Anthony Chenevix-Trench is a biographical book about the life of British headmaster Anthony Chenevix-Trench, written by Mark Peel. Chenevix-Trench had been a widely acclaimed teacher at Shrewsbury School, and subsequently headmaster at Bradfield College, Eton College and Fettes College, but was later criticised for his approach to corporal punishment. Published by Pentland Press in 1996, the book received mixed reviews, with questions over its neutrality and writing style, but plaudits for its insights into British culture and education.

The book's title is taken from Poem XL in A. E. Housman's collection A Shropshire Lad.

A Shropshire Lad
A Shropshire Lad is a collection of 63 poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896. Selling slowly at first, it then rapidly grew in popularity, particularly among young readers. Composers began setting the poems to music less than ten years after their first appearance, and many parodists have satirised Housman's themes and poetic style. Often noted for its homosexual themes, Housman sent a copy of A Shropshire Lad to Oscar Wilde when Wilde was in prison for homosexual acts. After Wilde's release from prison, Housman sent him an autographed copy.
Imperial decree on events leading to the signing of Boxer Protocol
The Imperial Decree on events leading to the signing of Boxer Protocol (Chinese: 光緒二十六年十二月二十六日諭; pinyin: Guāngxù èrshíliù nián shí'èr yuè èrshíliù rì yù; lit. 'Decree of the 26th day of the 12th month of the 26th year of the Guangxu era') is an imperial decree issued by the government of the Qing dynasty in the name of the Guangxu Emperor, as an official imperial statement on historical events such as Boxer Rebellion, Eight-Nation Alliance and Battle of Peking and Siege of the International Legations, detailing instructions given to Prince Qing and Li Hongzhang as the full representatives of the imperial court in negotiating a peace treaty with the foreign powers, prior to the official signing of the Boxer Protocol on 7 September 1901. This Imperial Decree was officially issued in the name of the Guangxu Emperor and with his official Imperial Seal. The Emperor was actually under house arrest at the time, ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi who held full administrative power.

Yikuang
Yikuang (Manchu: ᡳ ᡴᡠᠸᠠᠩ I-kuwang; 24 March 1838 – 28 January 1917), formally known as Prince Qing (or Prince Ch'ing), was a Manchu noble and politician of the Qing dynasty. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, an office created in May 1911 to replace the Grand Council.
Paul Janish
Paul Ryan Janish (/ˈjɑːnɪʃ/ YAH-nish; born October 12, 1982) is an American baseball coach and former professional baseball shortstop. He is currently the Director of Player Development for the Chicago White Sox of the American League. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Atlanta Braves, and Baltimore Orioles.

Álex González (shortstop, born 1977)
Alexander Luis González (born February 15, 1977) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball shortstop. González played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins (1998–2005), Boston Red Sox (2006, 2009), Cincinnati Reds (2007–2009), Toronto Blue Jays (2010), Atlanta Braves (2010–2011), Milwaukee Brewers (2012–2013) and Detroit Tigers (2014). He was given the nickname "Sea-bass" while playing in Florida. He bats and throws right-handed.
Hirotaka Yokoi
Hirotaka Yokoi (横井宏考) (born June 8, 1978) is a Japanese former mixed martial artist and professional wrestler. A professional MMA competitor from 2000 until 2007, Yokoi fought for PRIDE, Shooto, RINGS, and DEEP, while in professional wrestling he wrestled mainly for Pro Wrestling Zero1.

Pro Wrestling Zero1
Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Japanese: プロレスリングZERO1, Hepburn: Puroresuringu Zerowan; stylized as PRO WRESTLING ZERO1), often referred to simply as Zero1 and sometimes referred to as Pro Wrestling Zero1 Catch as Catch Can (stylized as ZERO1 and PRO WRESTLING ZERO1 CATCH AS CATCH CAN, respectively), is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded in 2001.

Formerly known as Pro Wrestling Zero-One and Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max (stylized as Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE and Pro Wrestling Zero1-MAX, respectively), it was affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 2001 until late 2004, and briefly reaffiliated in 2011. It was also affiliated with AWA Superstars of Wrestling (AWA) from 2005 until late 2007, the Global Professional Wrestling Alliance (GPWA) from 2006 to 2009, and was affiliated with the United Wrestling Network (UWN) from 2017 to 2022.
Jay Allison
Jay Allison is an American public radio producer and broadcast journalist. He is the executive director of Atlantic Public Media (APM). Through APM, he created platforms for independent audio producers, including Public Radio Exchange (PRX) and the educational website Transom.org. Through APM, he also founded the public radio stations WNAN and WCAI, serving the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts.

Allison is the producer of The Moth Radio Hour. He also produces many audio documentaries and series that appear within other radio programs. These include Lost and Found Sound, The Miles Davis Radio Project, and a revival of the 1950s-era program This I Believe. Allison has earned numerous awards for his work, including the Peabody Award and the Edward R. Murrow Award for outstanding contributions to public radio.

Public Radio Exchange
The Public Radio Exchange (PRX) is a non-profit web-based platform for digital distribution, review, and the licensing of radio programs. The organization is the largest on-demand catalogue of public radio programs available for broadcast and internet use.
Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya
The Mosque-Madrasa of al-Ahmadiyya (Arabic: جامع ومدرسة الأحمدية), commonly known as the al-Ahmadiyya Mosque (Arabic: جامع الأحمدية) or as the al-Maidan Mosque (Arabic: جامع الميدان), is a Sunni mosque and madrasa, located in the al-Rusafa district of Baghdad, in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq. The mosque is situated on al-Rashid Street in the southern part of al-Rusafa, and the east of al-Maidan Square, near al-Muradiyya Mosque.

Al-Khulafa Mosque
The Al-Khulafa Mosque (Arabic: جامع الخلفاء, romanized: Jami' Al-Khulafa), also known as the Al-Qasr Mosque (Arabic: جامع القصر), is a Sunni mosque located in the al-Rusafa district of Baghdad, in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq. Situated on Jumhuriya Street, it is the oldest surviving mosque in Baghdad. It was first built in 908 CE and was completely rebuilt and restored in the 1960s by the Ministry of Awqaf in its current shape.

The minaret, though also restored in the 1960s, dates from the Ilkhanid period and used to be the highest point in Baghdad. Due to this, the mosque is referred to as one of the most important Islamic and historic landmarks in the city. However, in recent years the mosque has been threatened with collapse due to neglect from the Iraqi government. The mosque is also located across the street from the Latin Cathedral of St. Joseph in the Shorja area.
Phi Beta Delta (honor society)
The Phi Beta Delta Honor Society for International Scholars (ΦΒΔ) is an international honor society that was founded at California State University, Long Beach on February 27, 1986. It was the first honor society dedicated to recognizing scholarly achievement through international involvement and education, to give scholarships to deserving students and to enhance knowledge about various cultures around the world. It was established as a national organization in 1987 with 38 chartered chapters and has grown to an international organization with over 179 chapters.

Honor society
In the United States, an honor society is an organization that recognizes and promotes scholarship, leadership, service, research, professional accomplishment, or other forms of distinction. Membership standards vary by organization and may include academic performance, nomination, demonstrated contribution, or other defined criteria. Some youth, civic and professional organizations use similar recognition models; for example, the Order of the Arrow serves as an honor society within the Boy Scouts of America.
Centracom
CentraCom Interactive is a telecommunications company, which provides fiber-optic communication, cable internet, wireless broadband, DSL service, phone service, and cable TV to much of central, north and western Utah. CentraCom is DBA of Central Utah Telephone, Inc.

Central Utah Telephone was founded in 1903 as the first Independent rural telephone company in Fairview, Utah.

Cable Internet access
In telecommunications, cable Internet access, shortened to cable Internet, is a form of broadband internet access which uses the same infrastructure as cable television. Like digital subscriber line (DSL) and fiber to the premises, cable Internet access provides network edge connectivity (last mile access) from the Internet service provider to an end user. It is integrated into the cable television infrastructure analogously to DSL, which uses the existing telephone network. Cable TV networks and telecommunications networks are the two predominant forms of residential Internet access. Recently, both have seen increased competition from fiber deployments, wireless, and satellite internet access.
Fine Feathers (1937 film)
Fine Feathers is a 1937 British musical film directed by Leslie S. Hiscott and starring Stella Arbenina, Jack Hobbs, Renée Houston and Francis L. Sullivan. Its plot concerns a woman out on a picnic who becomes lost and stumbles across a gang who persuade her to impersonate the mistress of the Crown Prince of Boravia. It was made at Beaconsfield Studios.

Jack Hobbs (actor)
Jack Hobbs (28 September 1893 – 4 June 1968) was a British stage and film actor who appeared in more than forty films. After making his debut in the 1915 silent The Yoke Hobbs appeared in a mixture of leading and supporting roles in both the silent and sound eras. He played the hero in several quota quickies of the 1930s, including All That Glitters (1936). He was cast as an effectively glib, smooth-talking antagonist in two George Formby films No Limit (1935) and It's in the Air (1938).

His West End appearances included The Dancers (1923), Betty in Mayfair (1925) and Admirals All (1934).
Gary Farmer (Florida politician)
Gary Michael Farmer Jr. (born April 29, 1964) is an American attorney and former Democratic politician from Florida. He served as a member of the Florida Senate from 2016 until 2022, representing parts of eastern Broward County. He was the Senate's minority leader from 2020 to 2021.

Broward County, Florida
Broward County (/ˈbraʊ.ərd/ BROURD) is a county in Florida, United States, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with 1,944,375 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and most populous city is Fort Lauderdale, which had a population of 182,760 as of 2020. The county is part of the South Florida region of the state.

Broward County is one of the three counties that make up the Miami metropolitan area, which is home to 6.14 million people as of 2020. It is also one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the entire country. As of 2022, Broward County has a gross domestic product of $124.8 billion, the second-largest GDP of Florida's 67 counties and the 25th-largest for the nation's 3,033 counties.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 726
United Nations Security Council resolution 726, adopted unanimously on 6 January 1992, after reaffirming 607 (1988), 608 (1988), 636 (1989), 641 (1989) and 694 (1991) and learning of the deportation of twelve Palestinians by Israel in the occupied territories, the Council condemned the deportations that were in violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention referring to the protection of civilians in times of war.

The resolution deplored the action and reiterated that Israel should refrain from deporting any more Palestinians and ensure the safe and immediate return of those deported. Israel did not comply with the resolution however, and continued to deport Palestinians who were suspected of being involved in terrorist activities with neighbouring Arab countries.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 607
United Nations Security Council resolution 607, adopted unanimously on 5 January 1988, after recalling Resolution 605 (1987) and being informed of the decision of Israel to continue deportations of Palestinians in the occupied territories, the council reaffirmed the applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention referring to the protection of civilians in times of war.

The resolution called upon Israel to cease the deportations and abide by its obligations arising from the Geneva Conventions. The council also decided to keep the situation under review.
Being Respectable
Being Respectable is a 1924 American drama film directed by Phil Rosen and written by Dorothy Farnum. The film stars Marie Prevost, Monte Blue, Louise Fazenda, Irene Rich, Theodore von Eltz and Frank Currier. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 1, 1924.

Monte Blue
Gerard Montgomery Blue (né Bluefeather; January 11, 1887 – February 18, 1963) was an American film actor who began his career as a romantic lead in the silent era; and for decades after the advent of sound, he continued to perform as a supporting player in a wide range of motion pictures.
Marshall T. Heaps
Marshall T. Heaps (died August 7, 1961) was an American politician, farmer and businessman from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1927 to 1933 and from 1939 to 1943.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Stankervision
Stankervision is a sketch-comedy program, created by Waco O'Guin and Roger Black, that aired on MTV2. It premiered July 8, 2005 as part of the channel's "Sic 'Em Friday" programming block. Stankervision is a repackaged version of "The DAMN! Show", a sketch comedy show that was created in Athens, Georgia in 1998. Yucko the Clown, a character developed and played by Black, is featured on the show.

Waco O'Guin
Jayme Waco O'Guin (born June 24, 1975) is an American comedian, actor, voice actor, animator, writer, and producer. He is the co-creator, executive producer, and a cast member of the Comedy Central animated series Brickleberry along with fellow writer Roger Black. O'Guin and Black were inspired to create Brickleberry by O'Guin's father-in-law, a former park ranger named Woody. The two later created the 2018 series Paradise PD and the 2022 sci-fi series Farzar for the American streaming service Netflix.

O'Guin also co-created and starred in MTV2's clown based prank show Stankervision, the underground sketch comedy series The DAMN! Show and a series on Turner's now defunct comedy site, Super Deluxe.

O'Guin is originally from the small town of Lakeland, Georgia and won a national Homer Simpson drawing contest as a youth.
1997 EA-Generali Ladies Linz
The 1997 EA-Generali Ladies Linz was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Intersport Arena in Linz in Austria that was part of Tier III of the 1997 WTA Tour. The tournament was held from 3 February until 9 February 1997. Seventh-seeded Chanda Rubin won the singles title.

Chanda Rubin
Chanda Rubin (born February 18, 1976) is an American former top-10 professional tennis player. During her career, she reached the semifinals at the 1996 Australian Open, the quarterfinals of the French Open three times, and had wins over world No. 1s Serena Williams and Martina Hingis. In doubles, she won the 1996 Australian Open with Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and alongside Sandrine Testud, were runners-up at the 1999 US Open.

She is also known to have played at the very first official match of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, at the 1997 US Open, in which she faced Tamarine Tanasugarn of Thailand and lost in two sets.