hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher G. Kennedy
Christopher George Kennedy (born July 4, 1963) is an American businessman who is the chair of Joseph P. Kennedy Enterprises, Inc. A member of the prominent Kennedy family, he is a son of former  United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy, and a nephew of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy and former U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy. From 2000 until 2012, he was also president of Merchandise Mart Properties, a commercial property management firm based in Chicago.

He was a candidate in the Democratic Party primary for Governor of Illinois in the 2018 election. He was appointed by Governor Pat Quinn as Chair of the Board of Trustees for the University of Illinois and served from 2009 to 2015.

Governor of Illinois
The governor of Illinois is the head of government of Illinois, and the various agencies and departments over which the officer has jurisdiction, as prescribed in the state constitution.  It is a directly elected position, votes being cast by popular suffrage of residents of the state. The governor is responsible for endorsing or vetoing laws passed by the Illinois General Assembly. The office also carries the power of pardon and commutation under state law. The governor is commander-in-chief of the state's land, air and sea forces when they are in state service. Illinois is one of 13 states that does not place a term limit for governor.

The 43rd and current governor is JB Pritzker, a Democrat who took office on January 14, 2019. Pritzker was re-elected in 2022 by a 12% margin.
Alexander Cunningham
Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham KCIE CSI (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Sappers who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly created position of archaeological surveyor to the government of India; and he founded and organised what later became the Archaeological Survey of India.

He wrote numerous books and monographs and made extensive collections of artefacts. Some of his collections were lost, but most of the gold and silver coins and a fine group of Buddhist sculptures and jewellery were bought by the British Museum in 1894. He was also the father of mathematician Allan Cunningham.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Picnic Bay, Queensland
Picnic Bay (formerly Camoomilli) is a town and suburb of Magnetic Island in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.  It is named for the bay on the southernmost corner of Magnetic Island where the town is situated. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Picnic Bay had a population of 367 people.

City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is a local government area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. It encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas. To the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the north are Northern Beaches and Paluma. Also included is Magnetic Island. In June 2018 the area had a population of 194,072, and is the 28th-largest LGA in Australia. Townsville is considered to be the unofficial capital of North Queensland.

In the 2021 census, the City of Townsville had a population of 192,768 people.
Confusion in Canadian trademark law
Under Canadian trade-mark law, "confusion" is where a trade-mark is similar enough to another trade-mark to cause consumers to equate them. Likelihood of confusion plays a central role in trade-mark registration, infringement and passing-off. Whether a trade-mark or trade-name is confusing is a question of fact.  The role of confusion in trade-mark law is analogous to the role of substantial infringement in patent law.

Canadian trademark law
Canadian trademark law provides protection to marks by statute under the Trademarks Act and also at common law. Trademark law provides protection for distinctive marks, certification marks, distinguishing guises, and proposed marks against those who appropriate the goodwill of the mark or create confusion between different vendors' goods or services. A mark can be protected either as a registered trademark under the Act or can alternately be protected by a common law action in passing off.
Valley View Middle School (Edina, Minnesota)
Valley View Middle School (formerly called Valley View Junior High School) is a three-year (grades 6-8), public middle school located in Edina, Minnesota, USA, a first ring suburb of Minneapolis. The school has a current enrollment of about 1,040 students. It, and its sister school South View Middle School, each take students from three of the six elementary schools of the Edina Public School System.

Edina Public Schools
The Edina School District is the public school system for most of the city of Edina, Minnesota. It is also referred to as the Independent School District (ISD) 273. There are approximately 8,500 students, K-12, served by 1139 teachers and support staff in six elementary schools (Grades K-5), two middle schools (Grades 6-8) and one high school (Grades 9-12).

In November 2003, residents of the city of Edina passed an $85.8 million bond referendum to renovate some of the school facilities in the district.  Construction began in the spring of 2004 and finished up in 2007.

Since the late 2010s, the district has increasingly gained attention as select community members believe that the district has social justice curriculum.
Ben Harding (musician)
Ben Harding (born 1965) is an English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter from London, best known for performing in the punk/rock bands Senseless Things, 3 Colours Red and Thee Faction. Louder Than War called him "one of the UK's finest rock guitarists."

Thee Faction
Thee Faction are a British garage rock/garage punk band from Surrey, England, noted for their explicit socialist agenda. They refer to their music, which incorporates elements of garage rock, pop and rhythm and blues as "Socialist RnB". Their album Up The Workers! was rated one of the Daily Mirror's top twenty albums of 2011.
Bakeneko yūjo
Bakeneko Yūjo (Japanese: 化猫遊女, lit. "Werecat Courtesan") is a type of character that gained popularity appearing in Japanese kibyōshi, sharebon, hanashibon (books of funny stories), and kabuki during the Edo period. It was a character created in fiction based on rumors circulating in Shinagawa-juku at the time that claimed "there are serving wenches (prostitutes) who are bakeneko." The character is depicted as a yūjo (courtesan) working in the red-light district who transforms into a bakeneko late at night.

Meshimori onna
Meshimori onna (飯盛女) or meshiuri onna (飯売女), literally "meal-serving woman", is the Japanese term for the women who were hired by hatago inns at the shukuba (post stations) along kaidō routes in Japan during the Edo era. They were originally maidservants hired by the inns, although as traffic along the kaidō grew and competition between the inns increased, they were often engaged in prostitution.

Many inns had prostitutes in order to attract a larger number of travellers. In 1718, the Tokugawa shogunate issued a law limiting the number of meshimori onna to two per inn, giving the inns tacit permission to employ a limited number of prostitutes.
Johannes Versmann
Johannes Georg Andreas Versmann (7 December 1820 in Sankt Pauli – 28 July 1899 in Hamburg) was a German lawyer and politician. He was the first president of the new Bürgerschaft of Hamburg in 1859 and dominated the politics of the Hanseatic state as first or second mayor between 1887 and 1899.

Hamburg Parliament
The Hamburg Parliament (German: Hamburgische Bürgerschaft; literally “Hamburgish Citizenry” or, more poetically, “Hamburgish Burgessry”) is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Hamburg according to the constitution of Hamburg. As of 2025 there are 121 sitting members, representing 17 electoral districts. The parliament is situated in the city hall Hamburg Rathaus and is part of the Government of Hamburg.

The parliament is among other things responsible for the law, the election of the Erster Bürgermeister (First Mayor) for the election period and the control of the Senate (cabinet).

The President of the Hamburg Parliament is the highest official person of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.

Its members are elected in universal, direct, free, equal and secret elections every five years.
PowerPC 5000
The PowerPC 5000 family is a series of PowerPC and Power ISA microprocessors from Freescale (previously Motorola) and STMicroelectronics designed for automotive and industrial microcontroller and system on a chip (SoC) use. The MPC5000 family consists of two lines (51xx/52xx and 55xx/56xx) that really don't share a common heritage.

PowerPC e500
The PowerPC e500 is a 32-bit microprocessor core from Freescale Semiconductor. The core is compatible with the older PowerPC Book E specification as well as the Power ISA v.2.03. It has a dual issue, seven-stage pipeline with FPUs (from version 2 onwards), 32/32 KiB data and instruction L1 caches and 256, 512 or 1024 KiB L2 frontside cache. Speeds range from 533 MHz up to 1.5 GHz, and the core is designed to be highly configurable and meet the specific needs of embedded applications with features like multi-core operation interface for auxiliary application processing units (APU).

e500 powers the high-performance PowerQUICC III system on a chip (SoC) network processors and they all share a common naming scheme, MPC85xx. Freescale's new QorIQ is the evolutionary step from PowerQUICC III and will also be based on e500 cores.
Viacheslav Datsik
Viacheslav Valerievich Datsik (Russian: Вячесла́в Вале́рьевич Да́цик, IPA: [vʲɪtɕɪˈslav ˈdatsɨk]; born 13 February 1980), also known as Red Tarzan and Red-Haired Tarzan, is a Russian professional boxer, kickboxer, and mixed martial artist.

Datsik has fought professionally in his native Russia since 1999, accumulating a record of 14–19 in mixed martial arts. Datsik gained notoriety both for his criminal behavior and vigilante raids on brothels, as well as his white supremacist and neo-Nazi beliefs.

Vigilantism
Vigilantism (/ˌvɪdʒɪˈlæntɪzəm/) is an act commonly summarized as "taking the law into one's own hands" which, according to Merriam Webster, means "to try to punish someone for breaking a law even though one does not have the right to do that." A vigilante is a person who practices or partakes in vigilantism.
Aldo Haïk
Aldo Haïk (born 17 April 1952) is a French chess International Master (IM) (1977), two-times French Chess Championship winner (1972, 1983), Chess Olympiad individual gold medal winner (1972), World Team Chess Championship individual bronze medal winner (1985).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Luke Woodhouse
Luke Samuel Woodhouse (born 13 October 1988), nicknamed "Woody", is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-one. A professional since 2018, Woodhouse reached his first major quarter-final at the 2023 Players Championship Finals. He reached his first major semi-final at the 2024 European Championship. He is a three-time PDC Pro Tour finalist. Woodhouse has reached the semi-finals in four other events on the PDC Pro Tour.

In his first year in the PDC, Woodhouse won event 14 on the 2013 Challenge Tour.

PDC Pro Tour
The PDC Pro Tour is a series of non-televised darts tournaments organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Since 2019, the Pro Tour has comprised Players Championships and European Tour events; UK Open Qualifiers were previously a part of the tour until they were discontinued. Pro Tour events mainly consist of professional darts players who hold a PDC Tour Card, with the exception of amateur call-ups and European Tour regional qualifiers. Prize money won in these events counts towards players' ranking on the PDC Order of Merit, the main world ranking system used by the PDC. It also counts towards the PDC Pro Tour Order of Merit and separate European Tour and Players Championship rankings.
Entrena
Entrena is a municipality of La Rioja (Spain), located near the capital Logroño. Its population in January 2010 was 1,503 over an area of 21.03 square kilometres.  The nucleus is placed at an altitude of 558 metres. It is bordered by  Navarrete and Lardero to the north; Albelda de Iregua to the east; Nalda, Sorzano and Sojuela to the south; and Medrano to the west.

Nalda
Nalda is a municipality of the autonomous community of La Rioja (Spain).  It is located near the capital, Logroño.  Its population in January 2006 was 1,074 inhabitants over a 24.6 square kilometre area.
Deuda (genre)
Deuda (Nepali: देउडा) or Deuda Khel is a Nepali genre of song and dance, originated by Khas community and performed in the Sudurpashchim and Karnali provinces of Nepal, as well as in the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand state of India. The dance is performed by singing Deuda songs in a circulus by holding each-other's hands. It is considered as part of the cultural heritage of Karnali Province.

Deuda songs are very popular in Dailekh, Kalikot, Jumla, Achham, Bajang, Doti, Dadeldhura, Baitadi, Bajura and Darchula. It is performed by group of male and female. It is performed during the feasts and festivals like Gaura Parva.

Jumla District
Jumla District (Nepali: जुम्ला जिल्लाListenⓘ), is one of the ten districts of the Karnali province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. This district has Jumla in the municipality of Chandannath as its headquarters, an area of 2,531 square kilometres (977 mi2). In 2021 the district had 118,349 inhabitants. Its territory lies between longitudes 81⁰ 28' and 82⁰ 18' East, and between latitudes 28⁰ 58' and 29⁰ 30' North.

The Nepali language (then known as Khas language) originated in the Sinja Valley. Sinja was the capital of Khas Kingdom, and the dialect called "Khas Bhasa" is still spoken among that region's people.
Leabra
Leabra stands for local, error-driven and associative, biologically realistic algorithm. It is a model of learning which is a balance between Hebbian and error-driven learning with other network-derived characteristics.  This model is used to mathematically predict outcomes based on inputs and previous learning influences. Leabra is heavily influenced by and contributes to neural network designs and models, including emergent.

Error-driven learning
In reinforcement learning, error-driven learning is a method for adjusting a model's (intelligent agent's) parameters based on the difference between its output results and the ground truth. These models stand out as they depend on environmental feedback, rather than explicit labels or categories. They are based on the idea that language acquisition involves the minimization of the prediction error (MPSE). By leveraging these prediction errors, the models consistently refine expectations and decrease computational complexity.  Typically, these algorithms are operated by the GeneRec algorithm.

Error-driven learning has widespread applications in cognitive sciences and computer vision. These methods have also found successful application in natural language processing (NLP), including areas like part-of-speech tagging, parsing, named entity recognition (NER), machine translation (MT), speech recognition (SR), and dialogue systems.
Bale revolt
The Bale revolt, also known as the Bale Peasant Movement, was an insurgency that took place in the 1960s in the southeastern Ethiopian province of Bale among the local Oromo and Somali populations. The revolt targeted the feudalist system in place during the Ethiopian Empire and was rooted in ethnic and religious grievances.

Initially acts of resistance began in 1962 and 1963 as a defensive reaction by peasants to land expropriation, bureaucratic corruption, and exorbitant taxation imposed by the government. However, further clashes and consequent government reprisals eventually transformed the peasants into a decentralized insurgency that would go on to wage a six-year long guerrilla war, ending in 1970.

Support from the Somali government that had begun in 1963 was integral to the insurgencies ability to sustain combat operations.

Somali Republic
The Somali Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida; Italian: Repubblica Somala; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال  aṣ-Ṣūmāl) was formed by the union of the Italian territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate administrations, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly and Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President of the Somali Republic.  On 22 July 1960, Daar appointed Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as prime minister. On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. The new constitution was rejected by Somaliland.

The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic.
Acrocnida
Acrocnida is a genus of brittle stars in the family Amphiuridae. The genus contains three members: Acrocnida brachiata, Acrocnida semisquamata, and Acrocnida spatulispina. There has also been observed hybridization between both Acrocnida brachiata and Acrocnida spatulispina. It is a fairly common genus, usually found along the coasts of Northwestern Europe, but with some species like semisquamata appearing around West Africa. Members of this genus primarily prefer intertidal and subtidal habitats, and they are less likely to be found in intertidal areas by comparison. This genus was not officially classified until 1926, by T. Gislén. One study found that the increased calcification that is caused by Acrocnida brachiata could be a potential source of carbon dioxide for not only the warm, shallow environments they live in, but also for the atmosphere.

Amphiuridae
Amphiuridae (commonly called long-armed burrowing brittle stars or burrowing brittle stars) are a large family of brittle stars of the suborder Gnathophiurina. Some species are used to study echinoderm development (e.g. Amphipholis kochii and Amphioplus abditus) and bioluminescence (the dwarf brittle star, Amphipholis squamata).
American Dream (character)
American Dream (Shannon Carter) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Tom DeFalco and artist Brent Anderson, the character first appeared in A-Next#1 (August 1998). Shannon Carter comes from an alternative future timeline of the Marvel Universe known as the MC2 Universe. She wears a costume similar to that of the comic book superhero Steve Rogers / Captain America. Her weapons are throwing disks and the trademark shield.

Captain America's shield
Captain America's shield is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by Captain America, and is intended to be an emblem of American culture.

Over the years, Captain America has used several shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, Captain America Comics #2.
Minister of Defence (Armenia)
The defence minister of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության նախարար, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan nakharar) is the head of the country's Ministry of Defence, who is charged with the political leadership of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The position was originally created in 1918 and was re-established in January 1992 following Armenia's independence from the USSR, and is currently headed by Suren Papikyan. From 1993 to 1995, there was a concurrent position called the state minister for defence held by Vazgen Sargsyan.

Ministry of Defence of Armenia
The Ministry of Defence of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի պաշտպանության նախարարություն) often abbreviated to the RA Ministry of Defence is an Armenian governmental agency in charge of overseeing the development of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The Ministry of Defence is also the executive body which implements the policies of the Armenian Government in the defence sector. It particularly oversees the budget of the armed forces and ensures the safety of troops. It is located on 5 Bagrevand Street, Yerevan. The ministry was officially established on 28 January 1992 by decree of the President of Armenia.
Clark Durant
Wiliam Clark Durant III (born May 13, 1949) is an American businessman who is the co-founder and former CEO of the Cornerstone Schools, a group of charter and independent schools in the inner city of Detroit. Durant was a Republican politician in the state of Michigan, and was a candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2012.

Cornerstone Schools (Michigan)
Cornerstone Schools is a system of charter schools in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It has four K-8 campuses and Cornerstone Health + Technology High School, all located in the city. They were first established in 1991.
Tsu-Jae King Liu
Tsu-Jae King Liu (Chinese: 劉金智潔, born June 4, 1963) is an American academic and electrical engineer who serves as the current president of the National Academy of Engineering. Liu formerly served as the dean of the UC Berkeley College of Engineering, where she also held the Roy W. Carlson Professor of Engineering.

At the University of California, Berkeley, Liu leads a research team that explores the development of novel semiconductor devices, non-volatile memory devices, and M/NEMS technology for ultra-low power circuits. Her team is a part of the Berkeley Emerging Technologies Research Center and the NSF Center for Energy Efficient Electronics in Science. She is also a faculty member of the Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at Berkeley and an affiliate faculty member of Berkeley's Applied Science & Technology Graduate Program and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Graduate Group.

UC Berkeley College of Engineering
The University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering (branded as Berkeley Engineering) is the engineering school of the University of California, Berkeley (a land-grant research university in Berkeley, California). Established in 1931, it occupies fourteen buildings on the northeast side of the main campus and also operates the 150-acre (61-hectare) Richmond Field Station. It is also considered highly selective and is consistently ranked among the top engineering schools in both the nation and the world.