hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ralph McT. Pennell
Ralph McT. Pennell (August 18, 1882 – May 17, 1973) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of World War I and World War II, he attained the rank of major general, and was a recipient of the Legion of Merit and two awards of the Army Distinguished Service Medal. His career spanned 1906 to 1946, and included command of the: 34th Field Artillery Regiment; 1st Field Artillery Regiment; 2nd Battalion, 15th Field Artillery Regiment; 15th Field Artillery Regiment; 52nd Field Artillery Brigade; 27th Infantry Division; Hawaii District; Field Artillery Replacement Training Center at Fort Sill; and United States Army Field Artillery School.

1st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)
The 1st Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery regiment of the United States Army first formed in 1907. The regiment served with the 4th Division and 6th Division before World War II and (as the 1st Field Artillery Battalion) with the 6th Infantry Division during and after World War II through 1956. Currently organized as a parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, elements of the regiment have served with the 1st Armored and 5th Infantry Divisions and with various artillery groups. The lineages of some of the units that make up the 1st Field Artillery include campaign credit for the War of 1812. The regiment carries battle streamers for campaigns in the Indian Wars, Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish–American War, and Philippine Insurrection (earned by forebears of some regimental elements), for World War II, and Southwest Asia and the Global War on Terror.
Mercury4
Mercury4 were an Australian boy band vocal quartet formed in 2000 with Rien Low, Brad Johnston, Javier Perez and Cole Rintoul. In early 2004 Perez was replaced by Kevin Layton. They issued a self-titled studio album, Mercury4 (May 2004) which reached the ARIA Albums Chart top 40. Their highest-charting single, "Get Me Some" (June 2003) had peaked at No. 5 on the related ARIA Singles Chart. It was followed by "5 Years from Now" (January 2004), which reached the top 20 and their cover version of Bobby Brown's "Every Little Step" (May 2004) peaked in the top 30. However, the group disbanded by late 2004.

Every Little Step
"Every Little Step" is a song by American singer Bobby Brown, written by L.A. Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and released by MCA Records. Released as the fourth single on his second album Don't Be Cruel it reached number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, number two on the Cash Box Top 100 chart, number one on the Billboard Hot Black Singles chart, and number six on the UK Singles Chart. The song also appears on Brown's remix album Dance!...Ya Know It!. The single garnered Brown's first career Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 32nd Grammy Awards in 1990.
Satish K. Gupta
Satish Kumar Gupta (born 20 April 1953) is an Indian immunologist and an Emeritus Scientist at the National Institute of Immunology. Known for his research in reproductive immunology, Gupta is an elected fellow of all the three Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy He is also a J. C. Bose Fellow of the Department of Biotechnology and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1997.

National Academy of Medical Sciences
National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), better known by its acronym, NAMS, is a non-constitutional, non-statutory advisory body to the Government in matters related to National Health Policy and Planning and as a promoting agency for continuing medical education (CME) for medical and health professionals. It is a part of the Inter Academy Medical Panel (IAMP), a global network of medical academies. The Academy is headquartered at NAMS House, at Ansari Nagar, neighbouring the AIIMS and the ICMR House, along Mahatma Gandhi Marg, in the Indian capital of New Delhi.
Hyphalosaurus
Hyphalosaurus (meaning "submerged lizard") is a genus of freshwater aquatic reptiles, belonging to the extinct order Choristodera. They lived during the early Cretaceous period (late Barremian to early Aptian age), about 123-120 million years ago. The genus contains two species, H. lingyuanensis from the Yixian Formation and H. baitaigouensis from both the Yixian and Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China. They are among the best-known animals from the Jehol Biota, with thousands of fossil specimens representing all growth stages in scientific and private collections.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Hanapepe massacre
The Hanapēpē Massacre (also called the Battle of Hanapēpē) occurred on September 9, 1924, when a dispute amongst Filipino strike organizers in Hanapēpē, Kaua'i, resulted in a violent exchange between local police officers and Filipinos. The conflict began when two Ilocano youth, allegedly breaking the Filipino-led labor strike, were detained and harassed by a group of Visayans at the Hanapepe strike camp. When the local police were called to settle the dispute, they arrived with a group of heavily armed special deputies. Upon arrival, the officers issued warrants of arrest for the two detained Illocanos, causing the collection of Filipino strikers to rally in opposition. Despite previously ridiculing the two Ilocanos, the remaining Filipinos armed themselves and demanded the boys be released. A violent exchange ensued wherein sixteen Filipino laborers and four police officers were left dead.

Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
The Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association (HSPA) was an unincorporated, voluntary organization of sugarcane plantation owners in the Hawaiian Islands.  It began as the Planters' Labor and Supply Company in 1882, later transforming into the HSPA in 1895. Its objective was to promote the mutual benefits of its members and the development of the sugar industry in the islands. Among the achievements of the association, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station in Honolulu stood near the head of the list.
Stay (Sash! song)
"Stay" is a song by German DJ/production team Sash! featuring American singer La Trec. It was released on 26 September 1997 by Mighty and Multiply as the fourth and final single from their debut album, It's My Life – The Album (1997). The song was written by Franky McCoy, Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen and Thomas Allison, and topped the dance charts in both Canada and the United States. It also reached the top 20 in more than 10 European countries as well as in New Zealand. On the Eurochart Hot 100, "Stay" peaked at number six and in the UK, it was Sash!'s third consecutive number-two single. The accompanying music video was directed by Oliver Sommer and filmed in Paris, France. In 1998, DJ Magazine included "Stay" in their list of "Top 100 Club Tunes".

European Hot 100 Singles
The European Hot 100 Singles was compiled by Billboard and Music & Media magazine from March 1984 until December 2010. The chart was based on national singles sales charts in 17 European countries: Austria, Belgium (two charts separately for Flanders and Wallonia), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

By the issue dated/week ending November 13, 2010, the European Hot 100 had accumulated 400 number one hits. The final chart was published on December 11, 2010, following the news of Billboard closing their London office and letting their UK-based staff go. The final number one single on the chart was "Only Girl (in the World)" by Rihanna.
2017 Maltese general election
General elections were held in Malta on Saturday, 3 June 2017  to elect all members of the House of Representatives. The elections were contested by the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Joseph Muscat, the Nationalist Party, led by opposition leader Simon Busuttil, and four other parties, making it the elections with most parties participating since 1962.

The Labour Party won a second term in government for the first time since 1976, receiving 55% of the vote, the highest share since 1955. Voter turnout was 92%, down 1pp from 2013.

Parliament of Malta
The Parliament of Malta (Maltese: Il-Parlament ta' Malta) is the constitutional legislative body in Malta, located in Valletta. The parliament is unicameral, with a democratically elected House of Representatives and the president of Malta. By constitutional law, all government ministers, including the prime minister, must be members of the House of Representatives.

Between 1921 and 1933 the Parliament was bicameral, consisting of a Senate (Senat) as well as a Legislative Assembly (Assemblea Leġiżlattiva).
State Theatre (Ann Arbor, Michigan)
The State Theatre is a movie palace in Ann Arbor, Michigan, designed by C. Howard Crane in the Art Deco style.

The State was built by W. S. Butterfield Theatres, which also operated the nearby Michigan Theater. The non-profit Marquee Arts has operated the theater since 1999, complementing the Michigan's programming. The State's current 4 screens are located on the balcony of the former 1900-seat auditorium. A ground-floor retail space replaced the original auditorium's main floor in 1989, housing an Urban Outfitters store until 2020. The retail space now houses a small Target store.

The theater's central location and distinctive green, yellow and red marquee have made it an icon of Ann Arbor's downtown.

Marquee (structure)
A marquee is most commonly a structure placed over the entrance to a hotel, theatre, casino, train station, or similar building. It often has signage stating either the name of the establishment or, in the case of theatres, the play or movie and the artist(s) appearing at that venue. The marquee is sometimes identifiable by a surrounding compound of light bulbs, usually yellow or white, that flash intermittently or as chasing lights.
Uncle Jed
Uncle Jed is an Australian funk, reggae and jazz band. Formed in 2005 among family members, the lineup was Danny Stitt on bass and lead guitars, his brother, Shannon Stitt on keyboards and their cousin, Laura Stitt on lead vocals. In November 2013 the trio won the seventh season of the TV reality show, Australia's Got Talent. A self-titled album was issued in May 2010. Three of Uncle Jed's singles are cover versions, "Brother" (August 2013), "Give Me Love" (October) and "Just Give Me a Reason" (November), and all peaked in the ARIA Singles Chart top 50. The group briefly changed the band name to Luna Grand in May 2015 and released an extended play, Patience Love, in June.

Give Me Love (Ed Sheeran song)
"Give Me Love" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released as the sixth and final single from his debut studio album, + (pronounced "Plus"), on 21 November 2012. The song was written by Sheeran, Jake Gosling and Chris Leonard. The single peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. On the album, Sheeran's cover of the traditional Irish folk song "The Parting Glass" is included at the end as a hidden track. A cover of the song recorded live at the Capital FM Studios in London on 30 May 2014, is featured on the deluxe version of American singer Demi Lovato's fourth album, Demi.

The music video, directed by Emil Nava, features Australian actress Isabel Lucas.

The song was used in episodes of Cougar Town and The Vampire Diaries.
Tanling ruqun
Tanling ruqun (Chinese: 坦領襦裙; pinyin: Tǎnlǐng rúqún; lit. 'Flat (or open-hearted) collar jacket skirt'), also known as Tan collar ruqun and U-collar ruqun, is a type of Hanfu which was developed under the influence of Hufu (most likely influenced by Qiuci); it is a form a kind of ruqun which typically consists of three parts, featuring a low-cut: 93–94  low-cut U-shaped collar upper inner garment with long sleeves, a U-shaped collar banbi upper outer garment with short sleeves, a long high-waisted skirt. It can also be adorned with a shawl, called pipo (Chinese: 披帛). It was a popular form of clothing attire in the Sui and Tang dynasty. In the 21st century, the Tanling ruqun re-appeared as a result of the Hanfu movement. The 21st century Tanling ruqun was developed by reproducing the original patterns of the historical tanling ruqun while being aligned with modern aesthetics.

Kucha
Kucha (/ˈkuːtʃə/ KOO-chə, also: Kuche, Kuchar, Kuçar; Uyghur: كۇچار, Кучар; Chinese: 龜茲; pinyin: Qiūcí, Chinese: 庫車; pinyin: Kùchē; Sanskrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀘𑀻𑀦, romanized: Kūcīna) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of what is now the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.

The former area of Kucha now lies in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. Kuqa town is the county seat of Aksu Prefecture's Kuqa County. Its population was given as 74,632 in 1990.
Bourgeois of Paris
A bourgeois of Paris was traditionally a member of one of the corporations or guilds that existed under the Ancien Régime. According to Article 173 of the Custom of Paris, a bourgeois had to possess a domicile in Paris as a tenant or owner for at least a year and a day. This qualification was also required for public offices such as provost of the merchants, alderman or consul, but unlike the bourgeois or citizens of other free cities, Parisians did not need letters of bourgeoisie to prove their status.

A bourgeois of Paris had privileges as well as duties. While they were exempt from paying the taille, they were required to pay the city taxes, contribute to a public charity, arm themselves at their own expense, and join the urban militia.

Guild
A guild (/ɡɪld/, GHILD) is a professional association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The word derived from medieval Europe where guilds were probably at their most extensive, but it has been used to describe similar groups before and after that period and in other parts of the world.  Typically the key "privilege" was that only guild members were allowed to sell their goods or practice their skill within a city. There might be controls on minimum or maximum prices, hours of trading, numbers of apprentices, and many other things. Critics argued that these rules reduced free competition, but defenders maintained that they protected professional standards.
Dumeni Solomon Hawala
Angula Dumeni Solomon "Jesus" Hawala (19 August 1935 – 11 August 2025) was a Namibian Army lieutenant general. Hawala was the deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia before independence. He earned the nickname "Butcher of Lubango" for allegedly running detainee camps of SWAPO opponents in the southern Angolan city of Lubango during the Namibian War of Independence. Upon independence in 1990, Hawala was appointed Army Commander in the Namibian Defence Force (NDF). In 2000 he replaced Dimo Hamaambo as head of the NDF. He retired in October 2006 and was replaced by Martin Shalli.

Dimo Hamaambo
Lieutenant General Mweukefina Kulaumone Jerobeam Dimo Hamaambo (27 October 1932 – 8 September 2002), better known as Dimo  Hamaambo, was a Namibian military officer and chief of staff of the Namibian Defence Force from 1990 to 2000. He previously served as the commander of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) during the South African Border War, a position he was appointed to in 1967 after the death of Tobias Hainyeko and held until Namibia's independence in 1990.
Kongzi Jiayu
The Kongzi Jiayu (Chinese: 孔子家語), translated as The School Sayings of Confucius or Family Sayings of Confucius, is a collection of sayings of Confucius (Kongzi), written as a supplement to the Analects (Lunyu).

A book by the title had existed since at least the early Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), and was listed in the 1st-century imperial bibliography Yiwenzhi with 27 scrolls. The extant version, however, was thought by later scholars to have been compiled by the Cao Wei official-scholar Wang Su (195–256 AD), and contains 10 scrolls and 44 sections. Thus, Chinese scholars had long concluded that the received text was a 3rd-century forgery by Wang Su that had nothing to do with the original text of the same title. However, this verdict has been overturned by archaeological discoveries of Western Han dynasty tombs at Dingzhou (55 BC) and Shuanggudui (165 BC).

Dingzhou
Dingzhou, formerly romanized Tingchow and formerly known as Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding in Hebei Province, China. As of 2020, Dingzhou had a population of 1.1 million. Dingzhou has 3 subdistricts, 13 towns, 8 townships, and 1 ethnic township. Dingzhou is about halfway between Baoding and Shijiazhuang, 196 kilometers (122 mi) southwest of Beijing, and 68 kilometers (42 mi) northeast of Shijiazhuang.
Hazar Khan Bijarani
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani (Urdu: میرہزار خان بجارانی, 10 July 1946 – 1 February 2018) was a Pakistani politician who was the Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh for Constituency PS-16 (Jacobabad-IV) from his election in June 2013 and the Provincial Minister of Sindh for Planning and Development since August 2016 until his death in February 2018.
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the chief of 36 tribes.
Mir Hazar Khan Bijarani was the son of Sardar Noor Muhammad Khan Bijarani.

A member of Pakistan Peoples Party, Bijarani previously had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 1974 to 1977 and a member of the provincial Sindh cabinet, in various positions. He was elected to the Senate of Pakistan in 1988 and became a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan where he remained from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2013. Between 1988 and 2013, he served in the federal cabinet, in various positions.

Provincial Assembly of Sindh
The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the 
Sind Province of British India and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.
Waun Fach
Waun Fach is, with a summit height of 811 metres (2,661 ft), the highest mountain in the Black Mountains in south-eastern Wales. It is one of the three Marilyns over 600 m that make up the range, the others being Black Mountain and Mynydd Troed. To the north Rhos Fawr and the Radnor Forest can be seen. It is the third highest mountain in Britain south of Snowdonia (after Pen y Fan and its near neighbour Corn Du). It is situated at the head of the Grwyne Fechan valley, above and to the west of the Grwyne Fawr reservoir. It has an undistinguished (and almost indistinguishable) rounded summit. The nearby tops on the ridge, Pen Trumau and Pen y Gadair Fawr, although lower, are very much more recognisable.

Corn Du
Corn Du is a summit of the twin topped Pen y Fan and the second highest peak in South Wales at 871.5 m (2,864 ft), situated in the Brecon Beacons National Park. It is situated to the south-west of Pen y Fan at a distance of approximately 550 m from it, and is just 13 m (43 ft) lower than Pen y Fan itself. The summit is marked by a well structured Bronze Age cairn with a central burial cist like that on nearby Pen y Fan. The two summits are visible from great distances owing to their height above the surrounding moorland, and are famous landmarks. The views from the peaks are also panoramic and very extensive, the Black Mountain and Fforest Fawr being especially obvious to the west. Mynydd Epynt is visible to the north behind the county town of Brecon, and other parts of the escarpment to the east.
Alexandros Moumtzis
Alexandros Moumtzis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Μουμτζής, born January 15, 2000) is a Greek professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Bantamweight division for Cage Warriors. Moumtzis is a former Messapicum Fighting Championship Featherweight champion.

Cage Warriors
Cage Warriors (CW) is an Irish-owned mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion company based in London, England. The promotion was established in 2001 and staged its first MMA event in London in July, 2002.

Many MMA stars have made their names under the Cage Warriors banner, including Conor McGregor, Michael Bisping, Paddy Pimblett, Gegard Mousasi, Tom Aspinall, Antônio Silva, Ian Machado Garry,  Martin Kampmann, Dan Hardy, Joe Duffy, Cathal Pendred, Neil Seery, and Dennis Siver. CW are one of the few top promotions to take their events abroad, travelling throughout countries in Europe, North America and the Middle East.

The promotion is watched globally via a host of television partners such as BT Sport, FreeSports and Viasat, and is one of the featured promotions on the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)'s digital streaming service, UFC Fight Pass. It is currently being presented by UFC & BT Sport analyst Dan Hardy, with commentators Josh Palmer and Brad Wharton.
Philip Bennet (Suffolk MP)
Philip Bennet (1795 – 17 August 1866) was a British Conservative Party politician.

He was elected to the House of Commons as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for the Western division of Suffolk at a by-election in October 1845 following the death of the sitting MP Robert Rushbrooke. Bennet held the seat until the stood down at the 1859 general election.

Robert Rushbrooke
Robert Rushbrooke (1779–1845) was a British Conservative Party politician.

He was elected to the House of Commons as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for the Western division of Suffolk at the 1835 general election. Rushbrooke held the seat until his death in 1845, aged 65.
Phil Linz
Philip Francis Linz (June 4, 1939 – December 9, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. Linz played in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees (1962–65), Philadelphia Phillies (1966–67), and New York Mets (1967–68). He batted and threw right-handed, and was listed at 6 feet (72 in) and 180 pounds (82 kg), during his playing days.

The utility player was more likely remembered for the infamous (Yankees) "Harmonica Incident" than anything he accomplished in his seven-year major league career.

Utility player
In sports, a utility player is one who can play several positions competently. Sports in which the term is often used include association football, basketball, rugby, baseball, softball, ice hockey, and water polo.

The term has gained prominence in all sports due to its use in fantasy leagues, but in rugby union and rugby league, it is commonly used by commentators to recognize a player's versatility.

The use of this term to describe a player may in some circumstances be a backhanded compliment, as it suggests the player is not good enough to be considered a specialist in one position (i.e., a jack of all trades).