hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madrasatul Islah
Madrasatul Islah is a traditional Islamic institution of learning and a renowned center of oriental and Islamic studies at Sarai Mir in the Azamgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. It was started by Mawlana Muhammad Shafi in 1908 along with participation of prominent scholars and religious seminaries of the area. The madrassa was established with a different syllabus and ideology than that of Darul Uloom Deoband and Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama. Shibli Nomani and Hamiduddin Farahi are regarded as chief architects of this madrasa.

Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama
Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama is an Islamic seminary in Lucknow, India, founded in 1898 by Nadwatul Ulama under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Mungeri. Its purpose was to produce scholars who could integrate the traditional Islamic learning of Darul Uloom Deoband with the modern educational approach of Aligarh Muslim University. The institution is also known for its emphasis on the Arabic language and its inclusive approach toward intra-Sunni differences.
Catalan grammar
Catalan grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Catalan language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages. Catalan is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.

Features include:

Use of definite and indefinite articles.

Nouns, adjectives, pronouns and articles are inflected for gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural). The numerals 'one', 'two' and the numeral 'hundred' from two-hundred onwards are also inflected for gender.

Highly inflected verbs, for person, number, tense, aspect, and mood (including a subjunctive).

Word order is freer than in English.

Some distinctive features of Catalan among Romance languages include the general lack of masculine markers (like Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese -o), a trait shared with French and Occitan; and the fact that the remote preterite tense of verbs is usually formed with a periphrasis consisting of the verb "to go" plus infinitive.

Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any of a small set of words or affixes (such as a, an, and the in English) used with nouns to limit or give definiteness to the application. The category of articles constitutes a part of speech.

Articles combine with nouns to form noun phrases, and typically specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun phrase. In English, the and a (rendered as an when followed by a vowel sound) are the definite and indefinite articles respectively. Articles in many other languages also carry additional grammatical information such as gender, number, and case. Articles are part of a broader category called determiners, which also include demonstratives, possessive determiners, and quantifiers. In linguistic interlinear glossing, articles are abbreviated as ART.
Prime omega function
In number theory, the prime omega functions  and  count the number of prime factors of a natural number . The number of distinct prime factors is assigned to  (little omega), while  (big omega) counts the total number of prime factors with multiplicity (see arithmetic function). That is, if we have a prime factorization of  of the form  for distinct primes  (), then the prime omega functions are given by  and . These prime-factor-counting functions have many important number theoretic relations.

Square-free integer
In mathematics, a square-free integer (or squarefree integer) is an integer that is divisible by no square number other than 1. That is, its prime factorization has exactly one factor for each prime that appears in it. For example, 10 = 2 ⋅ 5 is square-free, but 18 = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 is not, because 18 is divisible by 9 = 32. The smallest positive square-free numbers are
Ali El-Araby
Aly Mohamed Ahmed (Arabic: علي محمد أحمد) (born 1 January 1989) is an Egyptian footballer who plays as a full back or winger for Egyptian Premier League club ENPPI as well as the Egypt U-20 national team.

Egypt national under-20 football team
The Egypt national under-20 football team is the national youth team of Egypt. It is administered by the Egyptian Football Association.

Their best performance in the U-20 World Cup was a third-place finish in 2001. This remains the highest result Egypt has achieved in any International World Cup.

Their nickname, The Young Pharaohs is an obvious reference to the nickname of the National Team, The Pharaohs.

Egypt hosted the 2009 U-20 World Cup.
Maria Limardo
Maria Limardo (born 16 October 1960 in Cessaniti) is an Italian politician.

Formerly member of right-wing party National Alliance, she joined The People of Freedom in 2009. She served as assessor in the Elio Costa government in Vibo Valentia from 2002 to 2005.

Limardo ran for Mayor of Vibo Valentia at the 2019 local elections as an independent, supported by a centre-right coalition composed of Forza Italia, Brothers of Italy and local civic lists. She won and took office on 3 June 2019.

She is the first woman to be elected Mayor of Vibo Valentia.

2019 Italian local elections
The 2019 Italian local elections will be held on different dates; most on 26 May 2019, together with the 2019 European election, with a second round on 9 June. Direct elections will be held in 3,843 out of 7,918 municipalities; in each of these, mayor and members of the City Council are going to be elected. Of the 3,841 municipalities, 30 are provincial capitals.

The elections in Sicily were held on 28 April, with a second ballot on 12 May.
The elections in Sardinia were held on 16 June with a second ballot on 30 June.
Euophrys recta
Euophrys recta is a species of jumping spider in the genus Euophrys that is endemic to South Africa. The species was first described in 2014 by Wanda Wesołowska, Galina Azarkina and Anthony Russell-Smith. It is a small spider, with a body that consists of a cephalothorax that is typically 1.4 mm (0.06 in) long and an abdomen that is typically 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long. The carapace, the topside of the cephalothorax, is brown and the sternum, or underside, is black. The abdomen has a pattern of yellow and dark brown stripes on top and is blackish underneath. The copulatory organs are distinctive amongst spiders in the genus, particularly male's long tibial apophysis, or protrusion on the palpal tibia, and small embolic disk, or disk on the palpal bulb at the base of the embolus. The female has not been described.

Euophrys
Euophrys is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1834. The small black E. omnisuperstes lives on Mount Everest at elevations up to 6,700 meters, possibly making it the most elevated animal in the world. It lives on insects that have been blown upwards.
Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium
Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium is a 2007 family fantasy comedy film written and directed by Zach Helm (in his directorial debut), produced by FilmColony, Mandate Pictures, Walden Media, Richard N. Gladstein and James Garavente, and with music composed by Alexandre Desplat and Aaron Zigman.
The film stars Dustin Hoffman as the owner of a magical toy store and Natalie Portman as his store employee. A cameo by Kermit the Frog was the character's first major theatrical appearance since 1999's Muppets from Space.

Theatrically released on November 16, 2007 by 20th Century Fox, it received mixed reviews, but performed modestly at the box office, grossing $69.5 million worldwide. Helm subsequently disowned the film in later years.

Richard N. Gladstein
Richard N. Gladstein is a two-time Academy Award nominated film producer. His production company is FilmColony. He served as the Dean of the American Film Institute Conservatory and as of July 2025 took over as the Executive Director of Hamptons International Film Festival.
Port Douglas
Port Douglas (Kuku-Yalanji: Jabulkanji) is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia, approximately 60 km (37 mi) north of Cairns.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Port Douglas had a population of 3,650 people.

The town is named in honour of a former Premier of Queensland, John Douglas. Port Douglas developed quickly based on the mining industry. Other parts of the area were established with timber cutting in the area surrounding the Daintree River and with settlement starting on lots around the Mossman River by 1880.

Previous names for the town included Jabulkanji (in Kuku-Yalandji language), Terrigal, Island Point, Port Owen and Salisbury. The town is situated adjacent to two World Heritage areas, the Great Barrier Reef and the Daintree Rainforest.

Port Douglas was No. 3 on Australian Traveller magazine's list of 100 Best Towns in Australia.

Mossman, Queensland
Mossman is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia. It is the administrative centre for the Douglas Shire Council In the 2021 census, the locality of Mossman had a population of 1,935 people.
Eric Bransby
Eric James Bransby (October 25, 1916 – September 23, 2020) was an American artist and muralist. He studied and made murals in Colorado Springs, Colorado, including several at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center. He taught at Yale University, Brigham Young University, and University of Missouri-Kansas City.

University of Missouri–Kansas City
The University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC or Kansas City) is a public research university in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. UMKC is part of the University of Missouri System and includes a medical school and a law school. For the 2023-2024 academic year, the university's enrollment was over 15,300 students. It is the largest university in the Kansas City metropolitan area and ranks among the top three by enrollment among all postsecondary institutions in the metro, including community colleges. It offers more than 125 degree programs over 12 academic units. UMKC now holds a Carnegie “R1: Very High Research Activity” designation, making it the only R1 university in Kansas City. UMKC is also home to the School of Dentistry, Missouri’s only public dental school.
Michael Duane Zack III
Michael Duane Zack III (December 14, 1968 – October 3, 2023) was a resident of Tallahassee who murdered two women he met at beach bars in Florida Panhandle in June 1996. Zack targeted Laurie Russillo at Okaloosa Island, and he strangled her to death before leaving her body on the beach. Within a day after murdering Russillo, Zack met his second victim Ravonne Smith at Pensacola Beach, and after entering her home, he sexually assaulted Smith and then fatally stabbed her. Zack was arrested two days later and charged for the murders. Zack was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murdering of Russillo, but he was given the death penalty for Smith's murder. Zack was executed via lethal injection on October 3, 2023, 27 years after he killed both Smith and Russillo.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
Sony CLIÉ PEG-TG50
The Clié PEG-TG50 is a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) which was manufactured by Sony, released in March 2003. Running the Palm operating system (version 5.0), the TG50 was notable as it featured a built-in backlit mini qwerty keyboard, in lieu of a dedicated handwriting recognition area as was the trend on most other PDAs.

This handheld featured a 320x320 colour LCD, Bluetooth, and additional multimedia features, including MP3 and ATRAC3 audio playback, a voice-recorder, and a slot for MemoryStick PRO memory cards. The TG50 was powered by a 200 MHz Intel XScale PXA250 processor, with 16MB of RAM, 11MB of which was available for user data storage. The TG50 also featured the "Jog Dial" scroll wheel on the side of the device, as was common on Sony CLIÉ models, and came with a flip cover to protect the front face of the device when not in use.

Palm OS
Palm OS (later versions of which were also known as Garnet OS) is a discontinued mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS was designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical user interface. It was provided with a suite of basic applications for personal information management. Later versions of the OS were extended to support smartphones. The software appeared on the company's line of Palm devices while several other licensees have manufactured devices powered by Palm OS.

Following Palm's purchase of the Palm trademark, the operating system was renamed Garnet OS. In 2007, ACCESS introduced the successor to Garnet OS, called Access Linux Platform; additionally, in 2009, the main licensee of Palm OS, Palm, Inc., switched from Palm OS to webOS for their forthcoming devices.
PWR Racing
PWR Racing is a Swedish auto racing team owned by racing drivers Peter Wallenberg, Jr. and Daniel Haglöf. It currently competes in the TCR Scandinavia Touring Car Championship, the Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia, the World Touring Car Cup, and the FIA World Rallycross Championship.

Scandinavian Touring Car Championship
The Scandinavian Touring Car Championship (STCC) is a touring car racing series based in Scandinavia. The series took over from the Danish Touringcar Championship and Swedish Touring Car Championship, with its first season in 2011. The Scandinavian Touring Car Cup was awarded in 2010 to the driver with best results from selected races in the Danish and Swedish seasons.

In 2013, the series merged with the rival TTA – Racing Elite League, which was formed as a result of the split in 2012. From the 2013 season onwards, the series would see a new format based upon the TTA series.

After the change to the TCR ruleset 2017, The follow-up series is the TCR Scandinavia Touring Car Championship.
For the 2019 season STCC changed promotor to a constellation called Scandinavian Racing League (SRL). For season 2020 and forward STCC brand and championship changed promotor again to SNB-events AB.
Battle of Taillebourg
The Battle of Taillebourg, a major medieval battle fought in July 1242, was the decisive engagement of the Saintonge War. It  pitted a French Capetian army under the command of King Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, and his younger brother Alphonse of Poitiers, against forces led by King Henry III of England, his brother Richard of Cornwall and their stepfather Hugh X of Lusignan.

The battle was fought on the bridge built over the river Charente, a point of strategic importance on the route between northern and southern France. Later it was fought near the city of Saintes. According to Charles Oman; the English and their allies were routed and forced to make peace but the King of France contented himself of leaving things as they had been before the war. The battle put down the Poitevin revolt and marked the end of Henry III's hopes of restoring the Angevin Empire, which had collapsed during his father's reign.

Richard of Cornwall
Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was an English prince who was King of the Romans from 1257 until his death in 1272. He was the second son of John, King of England, and Isabella, Countess of Angoulême. Richard was nominal Count of Poitou from 1225 to 1243, and he also held the title Earl of Cornwall from 1225. He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the Barons' Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.
Legislative districts of Mindoro
The legislative district of Mindoro was the representation of the historical province of Mindoro in the various national legislatures of the Philippines until 1951. The undivided province's representation encompassed the present-day provinces of Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro.

Occidental Mindoro
Occidental Mindoro (Tagalog: Kanlurang Mindoro), officially the Province of Occidental Mindoro (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Kanlurang Mindoro or Lalawigan ng Occidental Mindoro), is a province in the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. The province occupies the western half of the island of Mindoro. Its capital is Mamburao, but the most populous municipality is San Jose. Sablayan is its largest municipality in terms of area, occupying almost half of the entire province. As of 2020, Occidental Mindoro has 525,354 inhabitants.

The province is bordered on the east by the province of Oriental Mindoro, and on the south by the Mindoro Strait. The South China Sea is to the west of the province and Palawan is located to the southwest, across the Mindoro Strait. Batangas is to the north, separated by the Verde Island Passage, a protected marine area and the center of the world's marine biodiversity.
Derrick Tribbett
Derrick Tribbett (born December 18, 1984), better known by his stage names Tripp Lee and Sinister, is an American musician who is the lead vocalist of heavy metal band Twisted Method. He is the younger brother of Audiotopsy and Mudvayne lead guitarist Greg Tribbett. He is also known for his role on the reality show Daisy of Love starring former Rock of Love 2 contestant Daisy De La Hoya.

Daisy of Love
Daisy of Love is an American reality television dating show which stars Daisy de la Hoya, the runner-up of the VH1 reality dating show Rock of Love 2. The show premiered on April 26, 2009, at 9:00 pm ET on VH1.
Set-theoretic topology
In mathematics, set-theoretic topology is a subject that combines set theory and general topology. It focuses on topological questions that can be solved using set-theoretic methods, for example, Suslin's problem.

Suslin's problem
In mathematics, Suslin's problem is a question about totally ordered sets posed by Mikhail Yakovlevich Suslin (1920) and published posthumously.
It has been shown to be independent of the standard axiomatic system of set theory known as ZFC; Solovay & Tennenbaum (1971) showed that the statement can neither be proven nor disproven from those axioms, assuming ZF is consistent.

(Suslin is also sometimes written with the French transliteration as Souslin, from the Cyrillic Суслин.)
Christ College, Irinjalakuda
Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, is a government-aided college located in Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India. It stands as a Syro-Malabar Catholic educational institution administered by the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI). Established in 1956 and affiliated with the University of Calicut, it holds the distinction of being the first college in Thrissur district to attain an 'A++' Grade certificate from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2022.

The college was founded by the Devamatha Province of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), the institution traces its origins to Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, a religious priest who founded the indigenous congregation in 1831.

Kuriakose Elias Chavara
Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara, CMI (10 February 1805 – 3 January 1871) was an Indian Catholic priest, religious, philosopher and social reformer. He is the first canonised Catholic male saint of Indian origin and was a member of the Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic church. 
He was the co-founder and first Prior General of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI), the first religious congregation for men in the Syro-Malabar Church. The Congregation of the Mother of Carmel (CMC), originally known as the Third Order of Discalced Carmelites (TOCD), was founded by St Kuriakose Elias Chavara in 1866 in Kerala.
Mirasole Abbey
Mirasole Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di Mirasole) is a monastery in the comune of Opera near Milan, Lombardy, Northern Italy. The monastery was initially founded by the Humiliati in the 13th century. The buildings have had diverse uses over the centuries. Since 2013, houses a community of the Premonstratensians.

Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (Latin: Candidus et Canonicus Ordo Praemonstratensis), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular in the Catholic Church. They were founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by O.Praem (Ordo Praemonstratensis) following their name. They are part of the Augustinian tradition.

Norbert was a friend of Bernard of Clairvaux and was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. As the Premonstratensians are not monks but canons regular, their work often involves preaching and the exercising of pastoral ministry; they frequently serve in parishes close to their abbeys or priories.
Judy Burton
Judy Burton (July 11, 1947 – May 19, 2017) was an important figure within the educational community within Los Angeles. After graduating college at the University of California, Los Angeles, Burton entered the education sector as a teacher at Hyde Park Elementary School. Burton then went on to lead LEARN (Los Angeles Educational Alliance for Reform Now) as the new assistant superintendent of the program. In addition to her participation in LAUSD as a teacher and as an administrator, Burton helped develop one of the largest networks of charter schools in the Southern California Region, The Alliance College-Ready Public Schools, as its CEO.

Alliance College-Ready Public Schools
Alliance College-Ready Public Schools (LA Alliance) is one of the largest nonprofit public charter school networks in the nation, operating 26 high-performing, public charter middle and high schools that educate nearly 13,000 scholars from Los Angeles’ most underserved communities.  The mission of the organization is for 75% or more of the scholars to graduate from a four-year college or university.
Joint Force Headquarters, Royal Brunei Armed Forces
The Joint Force Headquarters, Royal Brunei Armed Forces (JFHQ RBAF), Malay: Markas Angkatan Bersama Angkatan Tentera Diraja Brunei (MAB ABDB), Jawi: مركس اڠكتن برسام, is a combined military command that was established expressly to oversee all joint operations activities of the service branches of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF / ABDB).  At least three services, including the Royal Brunei Land Force (RBLF), Royal Brunei Navy (RBN), and Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF), participate in joint operations.

Royal Brunei Land Force
The Royal Brunei Land Force (RBLF), natively known as Tentera Darat Diraja Brunei (TDDB) is the land component of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) or Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei (ABDB).  The RBLF has responsibility for maintaining the territorial defence of Brunei Darussalam, both from attack from outsiders, and by assisting the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) in maintaining law and order. The annual anniversary ceremony of RBLF's inception was place on 4 November every year.
Delta Cygni
Delta Cygni is a binary star of a combined third-magnitude in the constellation of Cygnus.  It is also part of the Northern Cross asterism whose brightest star is Deneb. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from δ Cygni, and abbreviated Delta Cyg or δ Cyg. Based upon parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, Delta Cygni is located roughly 165 light-years (51 parsecs) distant from the Sun.

Delta Cygni's two components are designated Delta Cygni A (officially named Fawaris /fəˈwɛərɪs/) and B.  More widely separated is a faint third component, a 12th magnitude star that is moving along with the others. Together they form a triple star system.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.