hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grand Orient of Italy
The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) (Italian: Grande Oriente d'Italia) is an Italian masonic grand lodge founded in 1805; the viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment. It was based at the Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome, Italy from 1901 until 1985 and is now located at the Villa del Vascello. Its current Grand Master is Stefano Bisi.

As of September 2015 the Grand Orient had 22,675 members in 842 lodges, a significant growth over the preceding three-year period.

Grand Lodge
A Grand Lodge, also called Grand Orient, Obedience, or by another similar title, is a name for the overarching governing body of a fraternal or other similarly organized group in a given area, usually a city, state, or country.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (DOC) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is taken orally.

The drug acts as a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Analogues of DOC include 2C-C, DOB, DOI, DOM, among others.

DOC was first described in the scientific literature by Ronald Coutts and Jerry Malicky in 1973. Subsequently, it was described in greater detail by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). Recreational availability and use of DOC are rare. The drug is expected to become a controlled substance in the United States in the near future as of 2025.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Jack Stewart (New South Wales politician)
John Julius Thomas Stewart (6 January 1910 – 19 September 1972) was an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1957 to 1972, representing the electorates of Kahibah (1957–71) and Charlestown (1971–72).

Electoral district of Kahibah
Kahibah was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1894 with the abolition of multi-member districts from part of the electoral district of Newcastle and named after the Newcastle suburb of Kahibah. It was abolished in 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished and partly replaced by Waratah in 1930. It was recreated in 1950 and abolished again in 1971 and replaced by Charlestown.
Geological Survey of Israel
The Geological Survey of Israel (in Hebrew: המכון הגיאולוגי לישראל) is a national research institution in the field of earth sciences, operating within the framework of the Earth Sciences Administration of the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure. The institute houses a database of geological studies conducted in the State of Israel and during the British Mandate period. The institute maintains professional cooperation with government research institutions, universities and other entities in Israel and abroad.

The institute continuously monitors earthquakes felt in Israel and adjacent area, and has produced a map indicating seismic risks according to different regions in the country.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Battle of Svensksund
The Second Battle of Svensksund (Finnish: Ruotsinsalmi; Russian: Роченсальм) was a naval battle fought in the Gulf of Finland outside the present day city of Kotka on 9 and 10 July 1790. The Swedish naval forces dealt the Russian fleet a devastating defeat that brought an end to the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). The battle is the biggest Swedish naval victory and the largest naval battle ever in the Baltic Sea. It qualifies among the largest naval battles in history in terms of the number of vessels involved.

Battle of Svensksund (1789)
The First Battle of Svensksund, also known as the First Battle of Rochensalm from the Russian version of the Finnish: Ruotsinsalmi, was a naval battle fought in the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea outside the present-day city of Kotka on 24 August 1789 during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790).
Nga Tet Pya
Nga Tet Pya (Burmese: ငတက်ပြား, [ŋə tɛʔ pjá], also [ŋə dɛʔ bjá]; also spelled Ngatetpya or Nga Tat Pya) was a 14th-century Burmese outlaw who later became a commander in the royal army during the reign of King Thado Minbya of Ava. A well-known folkloric figure in Burmese culture, he is remembered as a Robin Hood-like character, who robbed the rich, and shared his loot with the poor. He is also known as the husband of Chantha, who is venerated by believers as the Amay Gyan nat spirit.

Kingdom of Ava
The Ava Kingdom (Burmese: အင်းဝပြည်, pronounced [ʔɪ́ɰ̃wa̰ kʰɪʔ]; INN-wa pyi) also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing that had ruled central Burma since the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom in the late 13th century.

Like the small kingdoms that preceded it, Ava may have been led by Bamarised Shan kings who claimed descent from the kings of Pagan. Scholars debate that the Shan ethnicity of Avan kings comes from mistranslation, particularly from a record of the Avan kings' ancestors ruling a Shan village in central Burma prior to their rise or prominence.
Claudio Bravo
Claudio Andrés Bravo Muñoz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈklawðjo ˈβɾaβo]; born 13 April 1983) is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Bravo began his career with Colo-Colo and moved to Real Sociedad in 2006, appearing in 237 official games with the latter club. Barcelona signed him for €12 million in 2014, and he won the treble and the Zamora Trophy in his first season. In the summer of 2016, he moved to Manchester City, where he won several titles. After four years in England, Bravo returned to Spain, signing for Real Betis, before announcing his retirement in 2024 at the age of 41.

With 150 total appearances, Bravo is the third-most capped player in the history of the Chile national team, behind only Alexis Sánchez and Gary Medel. He represented the nation in two FIFA World Cups, a FIFA Confederations Cup, and seven Copa América tournaments, captaining his side to victory at the 2015 and 2016 editions of the latter competition.

Ricardo Zamora Trophy
The Zamora Trophy (Spanish: Trofeo Ricardo Zamora) is a football award, established by Spanish newspaper Marca in 1958. The award goes to the goalkeeper who has the lowest "goals-to-games" ratio.

In the inaugural year of the award, the winning goalkeeper had to play at least 15 league matches in the current season. In 1964, the limit for matches a goalkeeper had to play was raised to 22. In 1983, it was raised to 28 matches, including the rule that the goalkeeper had to play at least 60 minutes in match for it to count.

In the last couple of years the list of goalkeepers who would have won the trophy prior to 1958 has been published. For these seasons, a limit of matches that the goalkeeper had to play has been applied. For the leagues with only 10 teams the limit of matches was 14, for those of 12 teams it was 17 and for those of 14 the limit was 20 matches. For those leagues of 16 teams it is 22 – as originally established for the trophy from 1964 to 1983.
Zeigarnik effect
In psychology, the Zeigarnik effect (named after Lithuanian-Soviet psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik) postulates that people remember unfinished or interrupted tasks better than completed tasks. In Gestalt psychology, the Zeigarnik effect has been used to demonstrate the general presence of Gestalt phenomena: not just appearing as perceptual effects, but also present in cognition.

The Zeigarnik effect should not be confused with the Ovsiankina effect, an urge to complete tasks previously initiated. Maria Ovsiankina, a colleague of Zeigarnik, investigated the effect of task interruption on the tendency to resume the task at the next opportunity.

Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism  is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasizes the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components. It emerged in the early twentieth century in Germany and Austria as a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's elementalist and structuralist psychology.

Gestalt psychology is often associated with the adage, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts". In Gestalt theory, information is perceived as wholes rather than disparate parts which are then processed summatively. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word Gestalt (/ɡəˈʃtælt, -ˈʃtɑːlt/ gə-SHTA(H)LT, German: [ɡəˈʃtalt] ⓘ; meaning "form") is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration".

It differs from Gestalt therapy, which is only peripherally linked to Gestalt psychology.
Lakshmi Venu
Lakshmi Venu is an Indian businesseswoman and the managing director of Sundaram-Clayton and Vice Chairman of TAFE. She is an heiress to the Chennai-based conglomerate TVS Group, which was established by her great-grandfather T. V. Sundaram Iyengar.

Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited
Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE) is an Indian agricultural machinery manufacturer based in Chennai, India. TAFE is one of the largest tractor manufacturer in the world and the second largest in India by volume.
In the Groove (horse)
In the Groove (foaled 25 February 1987) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which lasted from June 1989 until November 1991 she ran in twenty-one races and won seven times, including four at Group One level. After winning once from four starts at two, she developed into a top-class filly at three, winning the Musidora Stakes and the Irish 1000 Guineas against her own age and sex before defeating colts and older horses in the International Stakes and the Champion Stakes. As a four-year-old she won the Sandown Mile and Coronation Cup.

International Stakes
The International Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at York over a distance of 1 mile, 2 furlongs and 56 yards (2,063 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Marshall Islands at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The Marshall Islands competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the nation's fourth appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut in 2008. The delegation consisted of two athletes, one man and one women, competing in two events in swimming. Swimmer Phillip Kinono competed in the men's 50 metre freestyle. Colleen Furgeson, a returning competitor from the 2016 Rio Olympics competed in the women's 100 metre freestyle. For the first time, in an effort to promote gender equality, two flagbearers, one male and one female were allowed at the Olympics. Furgeson and Kinono lead the Marshall Islands squad as the flagbearers in the opening ceremony. The Marshall Islands, however, has yet to win its first ever Olympic medal.

Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle
The women's 100 metre freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held from 28 to 30 July 2021 at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre. It was the event's twenty-fifth consecutive appearance, having been held at every edition since 1912.
1912 Republican National Convention
The 1912 Republican National Convention was held at the Chicago Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, from June 18 to June 22, 1912. The party nominated President William Howard Taft and Vice President James S. Sherman for re-election for the 1912 United States presidential election.

Sherman died days before the election, and was replaced as Republican vice-presidential nominee by Nicholas Murray Butler of New York. The ticket went on to place 3rd in the November election behind former president Theodore Roosevelt, who ran under the banner of the new Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party, and Democratic governor Woodrow Wilson.

James S. Sherman
James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 – October 30, 1912) was the 27th vice president of the United States, serving from 1909 until his death in 1912, under President William Howard Taft. A member of the Republican Party, Sherman was previously a United States representative from New York from 1887 to 1891 and 1893 to 1909. He was a member of the interrelated Baldwin, Hoar, and Sherman families, prominent lawyers and politicians of New England and New York.

Although not a high-powered administrator, he made a natural congressional committee chairman, and his genial personality eased the workings of the House, so that he was known as 'Sunny Jim'. He was the first vice president to fly in an airplane (1911), and also the first to throw out the ceremonial first pitch at a baseball game. Sherman was the seventh and most recent vice president to have died in office.
West Union (Busro), Indiana
West Union (Busro) is an abandoned Shaker community in Busseron Township, northwestern Knox County, Indiana, about fifteen miles (24 km) north of Vincennes. The settlement was inhabited by the Shakers (United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing) from 1811 to 1827. Though short-lived, West Union was the westernmost Shaker settlement.

Knox County, Indiana
Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana in the United States. The oldest county in Indiana, it was one of two original counties created in the Northwest Territory in 1790, alongside St. Clair County, Illinois. Knox County was gradually reduced in size as subsequent counties were established. It was established in its present configuration when Daviess County was partitioned off (February 2, 1818). At the 2020 United States census, the county population was 36,282. The county seat is Vincennes. Knox County comprises the Vincennes, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Chocolate cake
Chocolate cake or chocolate gâteau (from French: gâteau au chocolat) is a cake flavored with melted chocolate, cocoa powder, or both. It can also have other ingredients such as fudge, vanilla creme, and other sweeteners.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
Samuel Washington
Samuel Washington (November 16, 1734 – September 26, 1781) was an American planter, politician and military officer best known for being the younger brother of George Washington, the first president of the United States.

Charles Washington
Charles Washington (May 2, 1738 – September 16, 1799) was an American planter and politician who founded a town in the Shenandoah Valley that was named Charles Town in his honor shortly after his death and that of his eldest brother, George Washington.
José Ramos (Argentine footballer)
José Ramos (23 February 1919 – 11 May 1969) was an Argentine footballer. He played in eleven matches for the Argentina national football team from 1942 to 1946. He was also part of Argentina's squad for the 1946 South American Championship.

1946 South American Championship
The nineteenth edition of the South American Championship in football was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 12 January to 10 February. This tournament, an extra edition with no trophy handed to the winners, is considered official by CONMEBOL.

The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru withdrew from the tournament.
Vector measuring current meter
A vector measuring current meter (VMCM) is an instrument used for obtaining measurements of horizontal velocity in the upper ocean, which exploits two orthogonal cosine response propeller sensors that directly measure the components of horizontal velocity.
VMCM was developed in the late 1970s by Drs. Robert Weller and Russ Davis and commercially produced by EG&G Sealink System (currently EdgeTech).
The instrument has the capability of one year long deployment at depths of up to 5000 m. Both laboratory and field test results show that the VMCM is capable of making accurate measurements of horizontal velocity in the upper ocean. The VMCM is the current standard for making high quality velocity measurements in near-surface regions  and it has been used for benchmarking other current meters.

EG&G
EG&G, formally known as Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier, Inc., was an American national defense contractor and provider of management and technical services. The company was involved in contracting services to the United States government during World War II and conducted the research and development on the nuclear weapons during the Cold war era (from 1948 and onward) together with the American national laboratories in Nevada Test Site.: 3

It had close involvement with some of the government's most sensitive technologies, including providing support to stealth development led by the Lockheed Martin, also in Nevada.
Driving licence in Kazakhstan
Driving licence in Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Жүргізуші куәлігі; Russian: Водительское удостоверение) is an identity document authorizing the holder to drive motor vehicles on public roads in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Licences are issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs through Specialized Citizen Service Centers (CSCs) and are generally valid for 10 years.

Kazakhstan is a contracting party to the 1968 Vienna Convention, and its licensing system and vehicle categories align with the Convention and its European Agreement supplement.

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Kazakhstan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (MIA RK) is the Kazakh government ministry which oversees the police and the National Guard (formerly the Internal Troops) of Kazakhstan. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, appointed by the decree of the President of Kazakhstan. The Minister of Internal Affairs has 5 deputies, including the First Deputy Minister.

The residence of the minister and all senior leadership of the ministry, as well as all committees and departments are located in Astana.
Puncoviscana Formation
Puncoviscana Formation (Spanish: Formación Puncoviscana) is a formation of sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks Late Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian age, estimated at between 700 and 535 Ma, that crop out in the Argentine Northwest. Most of the formation lies in Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán Province albeit some authors extend the formation further south to the Sierras Pampeanas near Córdoba.

There are various tectonic interpretations on the origin and type of sedimentary basin that accumulated Puncoviscana Formations sediments. An early interpretation was that the sediments originated from a passive marginal basin of the ancient continent Gondwana. Others suggested an intra-cratonic rift or aulacogen basin between Río de la Plata-Pampia Craton and Arequipa Massif. Yet other hypotheses revolve around the idea that the Puncoviscana Formation is related to a terrane called Pampia that accreted to Gondwana causing the closure of a sea in the way.

Pampia
Pampia was an ancient microcontinent or terrane that collided with Río de la Plata Craton and Río Apas Craton during the Pampean orogeny of late Proterozoic and early Cambrian. It was one of the first terranes to be amalgamated to the old cratons of the east, and was followed by the suturing of Cuyania and Chilenia terranes into the young South American Plate.
Friedrich Schwally
Friedrich Zacharias Schwally (10 August 1863 – 5 February 1919) was a German Orientalist with professorships at Strasbourg, Gießen and Königsberg. He held the degrees of PhD, Lic. Theol., Dr. Habil., and the Imperial honour of the Order of the Red Eagle, Class IV. He was one of the first significant academics in the field of Quranic studies.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Jasmin Open
The Jasmin Open was a tennis event held at the Skanes Family Resort on outdoor hardcourts in Monastir, Tunisia. The first edition was played in October 2022. Jasmin Open was part of the WTA Tour and was listed as a WTA 250 tournament. The tournament was introduced in 2022 as a result of the cancellation of WTA events in China due to the Peng Shuai sexual assault and disappearance controversy. Another significant reason to introduce this tournament was the rise of Tunisian player, Ons Jabeur in the WTA rankings.

Disappearance of Peng Shuai
Tennis star Peng Shuai reportedly "disappeared" temporarily after having accused retired Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli of sexual assault. On 2 November 2021, Peng posted on Weibo that she had been involved in an extramarital affair with Zhang, who had pressed her to have sex with him three years earlier, and that their relationship had recently come to an end. Information about her story was censored by the Chinese government. Afterwards, Peng disappeared from public view, showing up only in state media, by e-mail, or for interviews, and has denied making accusations of sexual assault. The incident elicited international concern over her safety, whereabouts, and ability to communicate freely, and the WTA suspended all its events in China. Peng was reportedly seen in public on a few occasions since the incident. Despite dissatisfaction with the status of the case, the WTA announced its return to the country in 2023 after it emerged from COVID-19 lockdowns.