hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Kazakh municipal elections
Municipal elections were held in Kazakhstan where 730 äkıms (local heads) whose four-year terms expired were reelected for the first time directly by the population on 25 July 2021 following an introduction of new law by the Parliament, which allowed for direct elections for äkıms of cities with district importance, villages, and the townships of rural districts. From there, the ruling Nur Otan party won majority of 627 municipal races with most of its candidates being incumbents who occupied the äkım positions prior, followed by the Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party (33 äkıms), Adal (15 äkıms), Ak Zhol Democratic Party (11 äkıms), People's Party of Kazakhstan (10 äkıms), and the Nationwide Social Democratic Party where it secured local race victory in West Kazakhstan Region.

By-elections of äkıms in remaining vacant districts continued taking place later in the second half of the year from 1 August until 12 December 2021.

Direct election
Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they want to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and plurality block voting and proportional representation for the election of a legislature or executive.

By contrast, in an indirect election, the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In other settings, politicians and office holders are appointed.

In a double direct election, the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier council of a municipality and an upper-tier council of a regional district or municipality.
Leisure (album)
Leisure is the debut studio album by English rock band Blur, released on 26 August 1991 by Food Records.

The album draws influences from the Madchester and shoegaze styles popular in the UK indie scene at the time, contrasting with the Britpop sound that the band would later pioneer beginning with follow-up album Modern Life Is Rubbish (1993). It features the band's first three singles, "She's So High", "There's No Other Way", and "Bang", and marks the beginning of Blur's long-running collaboration with producer Stephen Street, who produced the majority of the album's 12 tracks.

Upon its release, Leisure received mixed reviews from critics but was a moderate commercial success, selling over 100,000 copies and earning Gold certification in the UK. While the album has undergone some critical reappraisal in later years, it is most often viewed in comparison to the band's later work.

Food Records
Food Records was a British rock record label set up in 1984 by David Balfe (formerly of Zoo Records), who later took on Andy Ross as his partner. Originally formed as an independent record label with distribution going through Rough Trade Distribution, Food also licensed acts through WEA Records, before becoming closely associated with the EMI group's Parlophone label. EMI invested in the label and then in 1994 EMI gained complete control and folded it into Parlophone in 2000. Ross died in 2022 aged 65.
Escadrille Spa.112
Escadrille Spa.112 (also known as Escadrille V.29, Escadrille VB.112, Escadrille F.112, and Escadrille N.112) was a French air force squadron active for the near-entirety of World War I. After serving until mid-1917 in various iterations of a bombing squadron, they were re-equipped with Nieuport fighters. With their Nieuports, and their subsequent SPADs, they destroyed 28 enemy airplanes by the ceasefire.

Société pour l'aviation et ses dérivés
SPAD (Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés) was a French aircraft manufacturer active between 1911 and 1921. Its SPAD S.XIII biplane was the most produced French fighter airplane of the First World War.
Rat-Man (comics)
Rat-Man is an Italian comic book about an inept superhero of the same name, created by Leonardo Ortolani in 1989. Although it was initially meant to be a satire of other superheroes, most prominently Batman, it has since evolved into an independent comic sporting a complex, evolving continuity. The comic is well known for its nonsense humor à-la Monty Python, its engaging storytelling and its frequent breaking of the fourth wall. Ortolani often pays both direct and indirect tribute to other comic authors (Jack Kirby above everyone else) and he frequently makes his characters use pop-culture references, either generic or specific to the native Italian context and background. The comic was published by Panini Comics as new installments under the name of Rat-Man Collection (closed with issue #122) and is currently being published as reprints of older stories in Rat-Man Gigante.

Panini Comics
Panini Comics is an Italian comic book publisher. A division of Panini Group, which also produces collectible stickers, it is headquartered in Modena, Italy. The company publishes comic books in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom, as well as manga in several non-English-speaking countries through the Planet Manga publishing division.

In the United Kingdom, Panini Comics prints its Collectors' Edition (CE) line, which consists of reprints of American Marvel Comics. These are usually 76 pages long (with occasional 100-page specials). Each comic is published every 28 days, with the exception of Astonishing Spider-Man which has been published fortnightly since volume 2.

Since 2013, Panini Comics has been publishing digest size comics magazines featuring Disney characters.
Brande
Brande is a railway town with a population of 7,394 (1 January 2025) located at the railroad between Vejle and Herning in Ikast-Brande Municipality in Region Midtjylland in the central area of the Jutland peninsula in west Denmark.

Until 1 January 2007 it was the seat of the municipal-council of Brande Municipality.

Brande is the home of leading wind energy pioneer Bonus Energy A/S, now Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy.

Brande is also home to Danish clothing companies Bestseller A/S and BTX Group.

Ikast-Brande Municipality
Ikast-Brande Municipality (Danish: Ikast-Brande Kommune) is a municipality (Danish: kommune) in Region Midtjylland in Denmark. It covers an area of 733.69 km2 and has a population of 43,009 (1 January 2025).

On 1 January 2007 Ikast-Brande municipality was created as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), consisting of the former municipalities of Brande, Ikast, and Nørre-Snede.
Cinar Corp v Robinson
Cinar Corp v Robinson is a leading case of the Supreme Court of Canada in the field of copyright law, which has impact in many key aspects of it, including:

how to assess if a "substantial part" of a work has been reproduced,
the assessment of damages for infringement including accounting of profits, non-pecuniary damages and punitive damages,
the use of experts in a copyright case, and
the vicarious liability of directors for infringement.

Expert witness
An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert. The judge may consider the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about evidence or about facts before the court within the expert's area of expertise, to be referred to as an "expert opinion". Expert witnesses may also deliver "expert evidence" within the area of their expertise. Their testimony may be rebutted by testimony from other experts or by other evidence or facts.
Automatic exposure control
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) is an X-ray exposure termination device.  A medical radiographic exposure is always initiated by a human operator but an AEC detector system may be used to terminate the exposure when a predetermined amount of radiation has been received. The intention of AEC is to provide consistent X-ray image exposure, whether to film, a digital detector or a CT scanner. AEC systems may also automatically set exposure factors such as the X-ray tube current and voltage in a CT.

X-ray tube
An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays. The availability of this controllable source of X-rays created the field of radiography, the imaging of partly opaque objects with penetrating radiation. In contrast to other sources of ionizing radiation, X-rays are only produced as long as the X-ray tube is energized. X-ray tubes are also used in CT scanners, airport luggage scanners, X-ray crystallography, material and structure analysis, and for industrial inspection.

Increasing demand for high-performance computed tomography (CT) scanning and angiography systems has driven development of very high-performance medical X-ray tubes.
Solomon Atyusz
Solomon from the kindred Atyusz (Hungarian: Atyusz nembeli Salamon; died between 1227 and 1233) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Judge royal for a short period in 1222, during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.

Judge royal
The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justice or Lord Chief Justice (German: Oberster Landesrichter, Hungarian: országbíró, Slovak: krajinský sudca or dvorský sudca, Latin: curialis comes or iudex curiae regiae), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.
Alejandro Aravena
Alejandro Gastón Aravena Mori (born 22 June 1967) is a Chilean architect and executive director of the firm Elemental S.A.  He won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2016, and was the director and curator of the 2016 Venice Biennale of Architecture.

Venice Biennale of Architecture
The Venice Biennale of Architecture (Italian: Mostra di Architettura di Venezia) is an international exhibition showcasing architectural works from around the world, held in Venice, Italy, every other year.

Originally held in even-numbered years until 2018, the event was postponed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and rescheduled for 2021, shifting the calendar to odd-numbered years. It forms the architecture section of the broader Venice Biennale and was officially established in 1980, although architecture had been included in the Venice Art Biennale since 1968.

The Biennale is divided into two main sections: the permanent national pavilions located in the Giardini della Biennale, and the Arsenale, which hosts projects from numerous countries under one roof.
2019–20 Ligue 1 (Ivory Coast)
The 2019–20 Côte d'Ivoire Ligue 1 is the 61st season of the Côte d'Ivoire Ligue 1, the top-tier league of the Ivorian football league system since its establishment in 1960.The season started on 17 August 2019 but was suspended on 8 March 2020 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

On 26 June 2020 however, the FIF announced that the season has been cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. Racing Club Abidjan were crowned champions and will represent the country at the 2020–21 CAF Champions League while there would be no relegation with the two teams promoting from the Ligue 2 expanding the league to 16 starting from the next season.

They further stated that the 2020 Coupe de Côte d'Ivoire has been cancelled, with second-place finishers, FC San Pédro representing the country at the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup.

SO de l'Armée were the defending champions, winning the championship in the 2018-2019 season.

COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast
The COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Ivory Coast in March 2020.
Richard Dennen
Richard Dennen (born c.1980) is a British journalist and editor of Tatler since 2018. He is best known for his contributions to the fashion industry. He previously contributed to publications including The Sunday Times, The London Evening Standard, and The Mail on Sunday.

The Mail on Sunday
The Mail on Sunday is a British conservative newspaper, published in a tabloid format. Founded in 1982 by Lord Rothermere, it is the biggest-selling Sunday newspaper in the UK.  Its sister paper, the Daily Mail, was first published in 1896.

In July 2011, following the closure of the News of the World, The Mail on Sunday sold 2.5 million copies a week—making it Britain's biggest-selling Sunday newspaper—but by September that had fallen back to just under 2 million. Like the Daily Mail, it is owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT), but the editorial staffs of the two papers are entirely separate. It had an average weekly circulation of 1,284,121 in December 2016; this had fallen to 673,525 by December 2022. In April 2020, the Society of Editors announced that the Mail on Sunday was the winner of the Sunday Newspaper of the Year for 2019.
Amalgamated Bank of Chicago
The Amalgamated Bank of Chicago (ABOC) is a commercial bank headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States.  In addition to its downtown Chicago office, the bank has a branch office in Warrenville, Illinois.

Until November 1991, the bank was known as Amalgamated Trust & Savings Bank. In July, 2024 the bank was rebranded as ABOC.

ABOC announced plans to be acquired by Amalgamated Bank of New York during 2021. In early 2022 Amalgamated Financial (the New York bank's holding company) announced the $98 million acquisition plan was ended due to regulatory difficulties, but ABOC said it could still proceed.

Amalgamated Bank
Amalgamated Bank is an American financial institution. It is the largest union-owned bank and one of the only unionized banks in the United States. Amalgamated Bank is currently majority-owned by Workers United, an SEIU Affiliate.

It was founded on April 14, 1923, by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. As of July 30, 2023, Amalgamated Bank had $7.8 billion in assets. Through its Institutional Asset Management and Custody Division, Amalgamated Bank is one of the leading providers of investment and trust services to Taft–Hartley plans in the United States. The bank oversees over $45 billion in investment advisory and custodial services.

In August 2018, Amalgamated Bank filed an initial public offering and became publicly traded on the NASDAQ, under the ticker symbol "AMAL".

The bank offers personal banking, small business banking solutions, commercial banking, and institutional investing services across New York, California, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., and Colorado.
Irish Worker League
The Irish Worker League was an Irish communist party, established in September 1923 by Jim Larkin, following his return to Ireland. Larkin re-established the newspaper The Irish Worker. The Irish Worker League (IWL) superseded the Revolutionary Workers' Groups circa 1930.

Revolutionary Workers' Groups
Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG) were left wing groups in Ireland officially founded in 1930 with the objective of creating a Revolutionary Workers' Party. Formed initially as the Preparatory Committee for the Formation of a Workers’ Revolutionary Party, it changed its name in November 1930. It was helped to be established by Bob Stewart and Tom Bell from the Communist Party of Great Britain and Comintern. In 1933 they disbanded and established the Communist Party of Ireland.
Gene Desmond
Eugene "Gene" Desmond (born 1956) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career at senior level with the Cork county team lasted for the 1977-78 season.

Born in Cork, Desmond first played for the St Finbarr's club at juvenile and underage levels before joining the senior team. In a club career that lasted over a decade, he won two All-Ireland medals, three Munster medals and four county senior championship medals.

Desmond made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was selected for the Cork minor team. He enjoyed two championship seasons with the minor team, culminating with the winning of an All-Ireland medal as captain in 1974. Desmond subsequently joined the Cork under-21; however, his three seasons on that team ended without success. By this stage he had joined the Cork senior team and made his debut during the 1978 championship.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.
Trial of Sean Combs
United States v. Combs is a 2025 criminal case in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York brought against American rapper and record producer Sean Combs, known professionally as Diddy (formerly Puff Daddy and P. Diddy), on charges including racketeering conspiracy, sex trafficking, and violations of the Mann Act.

On July 2, 2025, a jury found Combs not guilty of racketeering conspiracy and sex trafficking, but guilty on two counts of transportation for the purposes of prostitution. On October 3, 2025, Judge Arun Subramanian sentenced Combs to four years and two months in prison, a $500,000 fine, and five years of supervised release.

Plea
In law, a plea is a defendant's response to a criminal charge. A defendant may plead guilty or not guilty. Depending on jurisdiction, additional pleas may be available, including nolo contendere (no contest), no case to answer (in the United Kingdom), or an Alford plea (in the United States).

Under common law systems, a defendant who pleads guilty will be convicted if the court                                                                                                                       accepts the plea. The court will then determine and impose a sentence. Plea bargaining involves discussions between the prosecutor and defendants to reach an agreement for a guilty plea in exchange for a more lenient punishment.

In civil law jurisdictions, a confession by the defendant is treated like any other piece of evidence. A full confession does not prevent a full trial or relieve the prosecutor from presenting a case to the court.
Nahqi Tunnel
The Nahqi Tunnel is a two-lane, bi-directional road tunnel with a D-shaped cross-section located in Mohmand District, Pakistan. It was constructed by the Frontier Works Organisation (FWO) and opened by Chief of Army Staff (COAS) Qamar Javed Bajwa. The tunnel is 751 meters long and cost Rs. 2.4 billion ($23 million) to build.

This tunnel is part of a larger project that includes an expressway between Ghallanai, the headquarters of Mohmand District, and Nahakki Yusaf Khel in the first phase of the project. The expressway is expected to reduce travel time between Peshawar, Mohmand District, and Bajaur.

Mohmand District
Mohmand District (Pashto: مومندو ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع مہمند) is a district in Peshawar Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. Until 2018, it was an agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas, with merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, it became a district. It was created as an agency in 1951. Mohmand is bordered by Bajaur District to the north, Khyber District to the south, Malakand and Charsadda districts to the east and Peshawar District to the southeast.

Mr. Muhammad Yasir Hassan is the current Deputy Commissioner of Mohmand District.
DUKW
The DUKW (GMC type nomenclature, colloquially known as Duck) is a six-wheel-drive amphibious modification of the GMC CCKW "deuce-and-a-half" 2½-ton trucks  used by the U.S. military during World War II and the Korean War.

Designed by a partnership under military auspices of Sparkman & Stephens and General Motors Corporation (GMC), the DUKW was used for the transportation of goods and troops over land and water. Excelling at approaching and crossing beaches in amphibious warfare attacks, it was intended only to last long enough to meet the demands of combat. Surviving DUKWs have since found popularity as tourist craft providing travel across aquatic areas.

GMC (automobile)
GMC (formerly the General Motors Truck Company [1911–1943], or the GMC Truck & Coach Division [1943–1998]) is a division of American automotive manufacturer General Motors (GM) for trucks and utility vehicles. GMC currently makes SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks.

While many of their vehicles are mechanically similar, GMC is positioned as a premium offering to the mainstream Chevrolet brand, and includes the luxury trim Denali. In North America, GMC vehicles are almost always sold alongside Buick (another premium brand) vehicles at multi-brand dealerships.
Vegard Sletten
Vegard Sletten (8 May 1907 – 17 December 1984) was a Norwegian newspaper editor. He worked in Stavanger Aftenblad from 1929 to 1945, except for the World War II years during parts of which he was imprisoned, and then in Verdens Gang from 1945. He edited the latter newspaper from 1967 to 1977, and chaired both the Norwegian Union of Journalists and the Norwegian Press Association. Like his father Klaus Sletten he was also a Nynorsk supporter.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Water Works Park (Des Moines)
Water Works Park is a 1,500-acre park southwest of downtown Des Moines, Iowa and contains the Des Moines Water Works (DMWW) which is a publicly owned municipal water utility that supplies the greater Des Moines metropolitan area. It is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Located along the Raccoon River west of Fleur Drive, the park offers trails, picnic areas, grills, and fields.

Downtown Des Moines
Downtown Des Moines is the central business district of Des Moines, Iowa and the Greater Des Moines Metropolitan Area. Downtown Des Moines is defined by the City of Des Moines as located between the Des Moines River to the east, the Raccoon River to the south, Center Street to the north, and 18th and 15th Streets to the west.

In 2014, Downtown Des Moines was listed as the number one "up-and-coming downtown" in America, by Fortune.com.