hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Milldown
Milldown is a hill in the Rhinns of Kells, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It is located immediately north of Meikle Millyea - between these two hills lie the Lochans of Auchniebut, a series of small water bodies at an approximate elevation of 650m - possibly the highest permanent water bodies in the Southern Uplands. As well as this, the hill is also flanked on its SW side by forest plantation - possibly the highest planted commercial forestry in the Southern Uplands. Like most of its neighbours, it is most easily climbed from the east at Forrest Lodge.

Meikle Millyea
Meikle Millyea is a hill in the Rhinns of Kells, a sub-range of the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The true summit of the hill has been disputed over the years; a 2015 survey concluded that the southwest top, around 400m southwest from the trig point and cairn is approximately 2m higher.
Anomalous velocity
In wave mechanics, anomalous velocity refers to the group velocity of a wave packet that is transverse to an applied electric field, arising even in the absence of a magnetic field. It results from the interference of wave functions and is thus a quantum mechanical effect for the case of electrons.

When an electric field is applied to a system, electron wave packets are generally expected to move along the direction of the field. However, due to the presence of Berry curvature in momentum space, wave packets can exhibit a motion transverse to the electric field, known as anomalous motion. This phenomenon is not limited to electrons but also applies to other wave-like particles such as photons and ultracold atoms.

Group velocity
The group velocity of a wave is the velocity with which the overall envelope shape of the wave's amplitudes—known as the modulation or envelope of the wave—propagates through space.

For example, if a stone is thrown into the middle of a very still pond, a circular pattern of waves with a quiescent center appears in the water, also known as a capillary wave. The expanding ring of waves is the wave group or wave packet, within which one can discern individual waves that travel faster than the group as a whole. The amplitudes of the individual waves grow as they emerge from the trailing edge of the group and diminish as they approach the leading edge of the group.
Arthonia pannariae
Arthonia pannariae is a species of lichen-dwelling fungus in the family Arthoniaceae. It was described in 2010 from material collected in northern Norway, with additional specimens known from arctic Russia and Greenland. The fungus infects soil-dwelling lichens of the family Pannariaceae, where it colonizes the spore-producing tissues of the host's fruiting bodies, often visibly bleaching or destroying them. Its known distribution spans the northern Holarctic, mainly in tundra and polar desert environments, though a 2025 report extended the range to Papua New Guinea.

Holarctic realm
The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers most of North America), and Alfred Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region (which covers  North Africa, and all of Eurasia except for  Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the southern Arabian Peninsula).

These  regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems and the animal and plant communities that depend on them extend across a number of continents and cover large portions of the Holarctic realm. This continuity is the result of those regions’ shared glacial history.
N4 road (Ghana)
The N4 or National Highway 4 is a national highway in Ghana that begins at the Tetteh Quarshie Interchange in Accra and runs through Adenta, Koforidua, and Asokore to join the N6, which continues to Kumasi. It serves as an alternate route from Accra to Kumasi, with a total distance of 110 kilometers (68 miles). The route runs through the Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana.

Koforidua
Koforidua, also popularly known as K.dua or Koftown is a city and the capital of the Eastern Region of Ghana. The city has an estimated population of 151,255 people as of 2025. The city is a blend of colonial and modern architecture.

Koforidua serves as the commercial centre for the Eastern region. The city is home to many businesses, with the exception of heavy-duty industries. The city is home to Intravenous Infusions Limited, one of the oldest pharmaceutical companies in West Africa. The recent construction of the four-lane highway road linking the Koforidua Technical University and Koforidua to Oyoko brings commerce to the city. The highway also serves as a valid alternative route to reach Kumasi. Koforidua today is a multi-ethnic city with people from various ethnic groups in Ghana calling the city their home.

On 6th March 2024, Koforidua played host to the celebration of the 67th anniversary of the independence of Ghana.
Russian National Front
The Russian National Front (Russian: Русский национальный фронт; romanized: Russkii natsional'nyi front) is a coalition of Russian nationalist organizations that support Novorossiya. The coalition started in December 2014 during the so-called "Russian Spring". The group organized the Russian march of 2016 and also took part in 2017 demonstrations in Moscow.

The members of the front are:

Great Russia

Initiative Group for the Referendum "For Responsible Government"

People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky

Russian Imperial Movement

Union of the Russian People

Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers

The organization uses an inverted Imperial black-yellow-white flag, a design previously used by the Russian Fascist Party.

Union of the Russian People (2005)
The Union of the Russian People (URP or SRN; Russian: Союз русского народа; СРН; Soyuz russkogo naroda, SRN) — is a modern Russian Orthodox-monarchical organization, recreated in 2005 on the basis of the ideology of the pre-revolutionary Union of the Russian People.
Tiernan, Oregon
Tiernan is an unincorporated community in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is about five miles west of Mapleton on Oregon Route 126 near the Siuslaw River and within the Siuslaw National Forest.

The community of Tiernan was named for R. Tiernan of San Francisco, who was leasing a local sawmill. The Southern Pacific Coos Bay Line railroad station at this locale was named "Beck" or "Beck Station" after an early station master, but it was never the name of the community. Tiernan post office ran from 1919 through 1970. The railway is now part of the Coos Bay Rail Link.

Mapleton, Oregon
Mapleton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lane County, Oregon, United States. It is located on Oregon Route 126 and the Siuslaw River, 45 miles (72 km) west of Eugene and 15 miles (24 km) east of Florence. It is also the western terminus of Oregon Route 36. As of the 2020 census, Mapleton had a population of 493.
Loadestone
Loadestone is the tenth studio album by Spear Of Destiny. The album was the first release on Brandon's own record label Eastersnow. The album features a cover of "Transmission" originally  by Joy Division, one of Brandon's favourite bands.

Transmission (song)
"Transmission" is a song by English post-punk band Joy Division. Originally recorded in 1978 for the band's aborted self-titled album, it was later re-recorded the following year at a faster tempo and released by record label Factory as the band's debut single.
Kim Glover
Kim Glover is an English music manager best known for overseeing the careers of PJ & Duncan (Ant & Dec), B*Witched, New Kids on The Block, Snap, Tiffany, Let Loose and D-Side, as well as helping to manage and develop the careers of Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, David Essex and others. She is also Chief executive of Kim Glover Management based in London, which she founded in 1993.

David Essex
David Essex (born David Albert Cook; 23 July 1947) is an English singer-songwriter and actor. From 1973 to 1994, he had nineteen Top-40 singles in the UK (including two number ones) and sixteen Top-40 albums. Internationally, he had the most success with his 1973 single "Rock On".

Essex has also had an extensive career as an actor, which includes a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles for the film That'll Be the Day (1973) and a nomination for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Musical for Evita in 1978.
Battle of Dessau Bridge
The Battle of Dessau Bridge (German: Schlacht bei Dessau) was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War between Danish Protestants and the Imperial German Catholic forces on the Elbe River outside Dessau, Germany on 25 April 1626.

This battle was an attempt by Ernst von Mansfeld to cross the Dessau bridge in order to invade the headquarters of the Imperial Army in Magdeburg, Germany. The Dessau bridge was the only land access between Magdeburg and Dresden, which made it difficult for the Danes to advance.  The Count of Tilly wanted control of the bridge in order to prevent King Christian IV of Denmark from having access to Kassel and to protect the Lower Saxon Circle.  The Imperial German forces of Albrecht von Wallenstein handily defeated the Protestant forces of Ernst von Mansfeld in this battle.

Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor
Imperial Army (Latin: Exercitus Imperatoris, German: Kaiserliche Armee) or Imperial troops (Kaiserliche Truppen or Kaiserliche) was a name used for several centuries, especially to describe soldiers recruited for, and under the command of the Holy Roman Emperor themself, during the early modern period. The Imperial Army of the Emperor should not be confused with the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Exercitus Imperii (Romani), Reichsarmee, Armée du Saint-Empire), which could only be deployed with the consent of the Imperial Diet. Imperial units effectively became a standing army of troops under the Habsburg Emperors from the House of Austria, which is why they were also increasingly described in the 18th century as "Austrians", although its troops were recruited not just from the Archduchy of Austria but from all over the Holy Roman Empire.
Pennsylvania Route 160
Pennsylvania Route 160 (PA 160) is a north–south state highway that is located in Somerset and Cambria counties in western Pennsylvania, United States. Its southern terminus is situated at the Mason-Dixon line south of Wellersburg, where the road continues into Maryland as Maryland Route 47 (MD 47), and its northern terminus is located at West High Street, which is designated State Route 4031 (SR 4031) and is formerly U.S. Route 219 (US 219), in Ebensburg.

Along its route, PA 160 crosses the Eastern Continental Divide and passes over CSX Transportation's Sand Patch Tunnel.

Ebensburg, Pennsylvania
The Borough of Ebensburg is a borough and the county seat of Cambria County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located 25 miles (40 km) west of Altoona and surrounded by Cambria Township. It is situated in the Allegheny Mountains at about 2,140 feet (650 m) above sea level. Ebensburg is located in a rich bituminous coal region. In the past, sawmills, tanneries, wool mills, and a foundry operated there. The number of residents in 1900 was 1,574, and in 1910, 1,978. As of the 2020 census, Ebensburg had a population of 3,404. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Ending in Ebensburg is the Ghost Town Trail, a rail trail established in 1991 on the right-of-way of the former Ebensburg and Black Lick Railroad. Also of note, next to the old Cambria County Jail, is the Veterans Park of Cambria County honoring the men from Cambria County who fought in the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, and the Spanish-American War.
Matswanism
Matswanism (French: matswanisme, French: matsuanisme or French: matsouanisme) is a political association that was founded in French Congo by André Matswa in the 1920s and evolved into a religious/political movement after the death of Matswa in 1942.

French Congo
The French Congo (French: Congo français), also known as Middle Congo (French: Moyen-Congo), was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo and parts of Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In 1910, it was made part of the larger French Equatorial Africa.

The modern Republic of the Congo is considered French Congo's successor state, having virtually identical borders, and having inherited rights to sovereignty and independence from France through the dissolution of French Equatorial Africa in the late 1950s.
Porcelænshaven
Porcelænshaven in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, is the former premises of the Royal Porcelain Manufactury, an industrial complex dating from the 1880s which was converted into a mixed-use neighbourhood in the 2000s. Located on the corner of Søndre Fasanvej and Smallegade, adjacent to Frederiksberg Gardens, it has an area of about five hectares and consists of a mixture of dwellings, commercial space and premises for Copenhagen Business School, whose main campus is located nearby. Many of the historical buildings have been retained, including a landmark chimney and the listed director's residence from 1908.

Frederiksberg Gardens
Frederiksberg Gardens (Danish: Frederiksberg Have) is one of the largest and most attractive greenspaces in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the adjacent Søndermarken it forms a green area of 64 hectares at the western edge of Inner Copenhagen. It is a romantic landscape garden designed in the English style.
Teddi Siddall
Theodora "Teddi" Siddall (August 12, 1953– February 4, 2018) was an American actress and writer. She appeared in several roles in the television series Grey's Anatomy, Wings, LA Law, Hill Street Blues, and Happy Days, and the films Fade to Black, Prizzi's Honor, and Forever Strong. She also appeared in several television movies.

Forever Strong
Forever Strong is a 2008 American sports drama film directed by Ryan Little, written by David Pliler and released on September 26, 2008. The film stars Sean Faris, Gary Cole, Neal McDonough, Sean Astin, Penn Badgley and Arielle Kebbel. The film is about a troubled rugby union player who must play against the team his father coaches at the national championships. Forever Strong is based on a compilation of individual true stories.
Takehiro Ishii
Takehiro Ishii (石井 丈裕, born October 25, 1964) is a Japanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Japan national baseball team in 1988, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Seibu Lions and the Nippon-Ham Fighters from 1989 to 1999.

Along with Shigeru Sugishita (1954) and Tsuneo Horiuchi (1972), he is one of only three players in NPB history to have won the Most Valuable Player Award, the Eiji Sawamura Award, and the Japan Series MVP in the same season.

Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
The Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (北海道日本ハムファイターズ, Hokkaidō Nippon-Hamu Faitāzu) are a Japanese professional baseball team based in Kitahiroshima, Hokkaidō, in the Sapporo metropolitan area. They compete in the Pacific League of Nippon Professional Baseball, playing the majority of their home games at ES CON Field Hokkaido. The Fighters also host a select number of regional home games in cities across Hokkaidō, including Hakodate, Asahikawa, Kushiro, and Obihiro. The team's name comes from its parent organization, Nippon Ham, a major Japanese food-processing company.

Founded in 1946, the Fighters called Tokyo home for 58 years, as co-tenants of the Tokyo Dome and Korakuen Stadium with the Central League's Yomiuri Giants near the end of their tenure in the capital city. The franchise has won three Japan Series titles, in 1962, 2006, and, most recently, 2016.
KK Leotar
Košarkaški klub Leotar (Serbian Cyrillic: Кошаркашки клуб Леотар, transl. Leotar Basketball Club), commonly referred to as KK Leotar or Leotar Trebinje, is a men's professional basketball club based in Trebinje, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are currently competing in the Bosnia and Herzegovina Championship.

Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the top–tier men's professional basketball league in Bosnia and Herzegovina for men and women, respectively. The league is operated by the Basketball Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
2022 Taiwanese constitutional referendum
A referendum on a constitutional amendment was held in Taiwan on 26 November 2022. Voters voted on adding Article 1–1 to the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China. Had it passed, the voting age would have been lowered from 20 to 18 years. The amendment would also have lowered the minimum age of candidacy from 23 to 18 years once the relevant electoral laws had been amended accordingly.

It was the first constitutional referendum since the suspension of the National Assembly in 2005. The amendment was defeated after the number of votes in favour of the motion fell short of the threshold of half the eligible voters.

Voting age
A legal voting age is the minimum age that a person is allowed to vote in a democratic process. Most nations use 18 years of age as their voting age, but for other countries their voting age ranges between 16 and 21 (with the sole exception of the United Arab Emirates where the voting age is 25). A nation's voting age may therefore coincide with the country's age of majority, but in many cases the two are not tied.
HAP2
HAP2 (hapless 2), also known as GCS1 (generative cell-specific protein 1), is a family of membrane fusion proteins found in the sperm cell of diverse eukaryotes including Toxoplasma, thale cress, and fruit flies. This protein is essential for gamete fusion, and therefore fertilization, in these organisms.

By eukaryotic taxonomy, it is found in:

Plant in the broad sense (Archaeplastida)
Land plants (pollen – "male" gamete) - thale cress, numerous other species including rice
Green algae ("minus" mating type) - Chlamydomonas
Red algae - Cyanidioschyzon

Alveolates
Apicomplexans  (male gametocytes)
Plasmodium
Toxoplasma
Ciliophorans - Tetrahymena

Euglenozoans  - Trypanosoma

Amorphea
Opisthokonta
Animals
Cnidarians - Hydra
Arthropods - Insects - fruit flies and bees
Acorn worms - Saccoglossus
Amoebozoa - Dictyostelium discoideum slime mold (in a gene-duplicated setup with 3 mating types)

For a full list of organisms in which it occurs, consult InterPro #IPR018928 - taxonomy.

Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally considered a weed.

A winter annual with a relatively short lifecycle, A. thaliana is a popular model organism in plant biology and genetics. For a complex multicellular eukaryote, A. thaliana has a relatively small genome of around 135 megabase pairs. It was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, and is an important tool for understanding the molecular biology of many plant traits, including flower development and light sensing.
Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985
Portugal was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song "Penso em ti, eu sei", composed by Tozé Brito, with lyrics by Adelaide Ferreira and Luís Fernando, and performed by Ferreira herself. The Portuguese participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (RTP), selected its entry at the Festival RTP da Canção 1985.

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the public service broadcasting organisation of Portugal. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings.

The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004.

RTP is funded by a broadcasting contribution tax which is incorporated in electricity bills, and by advertising revenues.
13 April 1989 Nahalin raid
On 13 April 1989, during the First Intifada, the Israel Border Police carried out a pre-dawn raid on the Palestinian village of Nahalin in the West Bank. During the raid, five Palestinian youth were shot and killed by the Border Police after throwing stones at the soldiers. The raid sparked protests throughout Palestine and significant controversy internationally.

Nahalin
Nahalin, also spelled Nahaleen, (Arabic: نحالين) is a Palestinian village located in the Bethlehem Governorate of the State of Palestine, to the southwest of Bethlehem in the West Bank. The village was well known for beekeeping and tens of beehives still exist in Nahalin today. The village is also known locally for its almond and olive trees, vineyards, parsley and vegetables, namely onions and beans. The built-up area of Nahalin consists of roughly 730 dunams, 20 of which make up the old center of the village. The village had a population of 8,741 in 2017.
Riho Furui
Riho Furui (born April 10, 1991) is a Japanese singer and songwriter from Hokkaido who is affiliated with Pony Canyon. After being inspired by gospel music early in life, she made her debut as an indie singer in 2016. She released her first digital single "Rebirth" in 2019, and in 2025 she released the song "Hello", which was used as the opening theme to the anime series City: The Animation.

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Will You Marry Me?
"Will You Marry Me?" is a song by American artist Paula Abdul, released as the fifth and final widely released single (the album's final single "Alright Tonight" was exclusively released in Canada) from her second studio album, Spellbound (1991). The song was written by Abdul, Peter Lord, Sandra St. Victor and V. Jeffrey Smith and produced by Lord and Smith. Stevie Wonder notably appears as a special guest playing the harmonica.

The track received moderate success, hitting the top ten in Canada.

Sandra St. Victor
Sandra Kay Matthews, known professionally as Sandra St. Victor, is an American singer-songwriter most known for her work as lead singer of The Family Stand and their international hit single "Ghetto Heaven". She attended the now famous Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts, (Arts Magnet) High School studying all styles of music. Arts Magnet was also stomping grounds for musical colleagues Erykah Badu, Roy Hargrove, Norah Jones and Edie Brickell. She received scholarships in music to Kansas University & Bishop College in Dallas, Texas, where she continued her studies, until deciding she'd rather learn by doing. She joined a local band in Dallas, and began touring Texas and Louisiana. The band was led by jazz guitarist Zachary Breaux.