hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pilot certification in the United States
In the United States, pilots must be certified to fly most aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), regulates certification to ensure safety and standardization. Pilots can earn certification under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 61 or, if attending an approved school, under 14 CFR Part 141. Those operating commercial drones must obtain certification under 14 CFR Part 107.

An FAA-issued pilot certificate grants official authorization to operate an aircraft. However, it is just one of several kinds of airman certificates issued by the FAA to aviation professionals. The FAA also certifies flight engineers, flight instructors, ground instructors, flight dispatchers, aircraft maintenance technicians, parachute riggers, air traffic controllers, flight navigators, and flight attendants.

Flight dispatcher
A flight dispatcher (also known as an airline dispatcher or flight operations officer) assists in planning flight paths, taking into account aircraft performance and loading, enroute winds, thunderstorm and turbulence forecasts, airspace restrictions, and airport conditions.  Dispatchers also provide a flight following service and advise pilots if conditions change. They usually work in the operations center of the airline. In the United States and Canada, the flight dispatcher shares legal responsibility with the commander of the aircraft (joint responsibility dispatch system).
Black Diamond (Kiss song)
"Black Diamond" is a song by American hard rock band Kiss, written by rhythm guitarist Paul Stanley. "'Black Diamond' was written almost exactly as it is," he said, "except that the riff wasn't there; Gene [Simmons] brought that part in … It's all about arrangement and embellishment. That's what you're supposed to do in a band: come in and add something. But that doesn't mean you wrote the song."

The song is the closing track on the band's eponymous first album, Kiss, released in 1974. It begins with an acoustic opening sung by Stanley before a furious riff enters, accompanied by Peter Criss on lead vocals. It ends with Ace Frehley's solo, then one chord repeated during a gradual slowing of the tape. The live version is usually sped up in tempo, combined with stage pyrotechnics and a rising drum platform.

Gene Simmons
Gene Simmons (born Chaim Witz; Hebrew: חיים ויץ [χaˈim ˈvits]; August 25, 1949), also known by his stage persona "the Demon", is an Israeli-American musician. He was the bassist and co-lead singer of the hard rock band Kiss, which he co-founded with Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley, and Peter Criss in 1973. Simmons, alongside Stanley, remained a constant member of the band until their dissolution in 2023. Simmons is also known for his long tongue and for his reality television show, Gene Simmons Family Jewels, which aired from 2006 to 2012. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014 as a member of Kiss.
Amber Straughn
Amber Nicole Straughn (born 1979) is an American astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. She serves as deputy project scientist for James Webb Space Telescope science communications and as associate director of the Astrophysics Science Division. Her research focuses on galaxy formation and evolution, particularly star-forming and interacting galaxies.

Galaxy formation and evolution
In cosmology, the study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to occur from structure formation theories, as a result of tiny quantum fluctuations in the aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows galaxies to accumulate mass, determining both their shape and structure. Hydrodynamics simulation, which simulates both baryons and dark matter, is widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution.
Schreider
Schreider is a Northern American and German family name. Notable people with the surname include:

Helen Schreider (b. 1926), American explorer

Gary Schreider (1934–2011), Canadian football player

Frank Schreider (1924–1994), American explorer

Helen and Frank Schreider
Helen Jane Schreider (née Armstrong; May 3, 1926 – February 6, 2025) and Frank Schreider (January 8, 1924 – January 21, 1994) were American explorers in the mid-20th century, known for traveling by amphibious jeep. National Geographic hired them after their first independent journey from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego (1954–56). They were the first people to travel the length of the Americas solely by means of their own power. They completed six additional expeditions through National Geographic, working freelance at first and later as foreign editorial staff, for fifteen years, from 1956 to 1970. They worked as a team and lived for periods of time in about 50 countries on five continents. Helen and Frank Schreider were known for their ability to write, photograph and film within the cultures they visited. They wrote three books, six major articles for National Geographic, and contributed to nine other books. They also made three separate nationwide speaking tours with their films.
ENHER
ENHER, the acronym for Empresa Nacional Hidroeléctrica del Ribagorzana (National Hydroelectric Company of the Ribagorçana), was a Spanish company, based in Barcelona, dedicated to the generation and distribution of electrical energy. Its basic activity focused on hydroelectric production, but also had holdings in thermal and nuclear power stations.

Created in 1946, it was historically a company of public capital, first as property of Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI) and, from 1983, as part of Endesa, who absorbed it in 1999, one year after being privatized. Despite the extinction of the legal personality of Enher, Endesa used the Fecsa-Enher trademark for its distribution activity in Catalonia until the year 2001.

Instituto Nacional de Industria
Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI, National Institute of Industry) was a Spanish state-owned financing and industrial holding company established in Francoist Spain for the development of industry and social control. It was succeeded by the Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) in 1995.
Boy Nobunga
Boy Johannes Nobunga (born 9 November 1962) is a South African politician and civil servant from Mpumalanga. Between 1994 and 2009, he represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature and both houses of Parliament.

From 2017 to 2022, he was chief executive officer of the Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency. He is also a former member of the Provincial Executive Committee of the ANC's Mpumalanga branch.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
Monique Smit (golfer)
Monique Smit (born 26 February 1991) is a South African professional golfer playing on the Ladies European Tour (LET). She was runner-up at the 2020 South African Women's Open and won the 2020 Sunshine Ladies Tour Order of Merit.

South African Women's Open
The South African Women's Open is a golf tournament. It was first played in 1988, is sanctioned by the Women's PGA of South Africa and is played as part of the Sunshine Ladies Tour. The tournament has been co-sanctioned by the Ladies European Tour 2012–2014 and from 2018 onwards.

The title sponsor is Investec and the host sponsor is the City of Cape Town.
George Croughly Gordon
George Croughly Gordon (21 June 1850 – 20 August 1899) was a Scottish amateur footballer who played for the Scottish XI against England in the first representative match played in March 1870. He was a member of the British civil service before settling in Australia where he worked as a telegraph construction contractor.

England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–1872)
Between 1870 and 1872, the Football Association (FA) organised five representative association football matches between teams representing England and Scotland, all held in London. The first of these matches was held at The Oval on 5 March 1870, and the fifth was on 21 February 1872. The matches, which were organised by Charles W. Alcock, are the precursors to modern international football and were referred to as internationals at the time. They are not recognised, however, as full internationals by FIFA as the players competing in the Scotland team were drawn only from London-based Scottish players. They were followed by the 1872 match in Glasgow between Scotland and England which is recognised as the first international match.
Kitni Vrh
Kitni Vrh (pronounced [ˈkiːtni ˈʋəɾx]; German: Kütenberg) is a small settlement just above Gabrovka pri Zagradcu in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Gabrovka pri Zagradcu
Gabrovka pri Zagradcu (pronounced [ˈɡaːbɾɔu̯ka pɾi zaˈɡɾaːtsu]) is a village north of Zagradec in the Municipality of Ivančna Gorica in central Slovenia. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.
Finland national futsal team
The Finnish national futsal team represents Finland in international futsal competitions. The team is run under supervision of the Football Association of Finland. It has never qualified for the World Cup or the European Championships. On 29.7.2022 rankings Finland is 18th globally and 11th in Europe.

FIFA Futsal World Cup
The FIFA Futsal World Cup is an international futsal competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA, the sport's global governing body. Since the first edition that took place in 1989 in the Netherlands, the tournament has been held every four years since 1992 in the even year between two 11-a-side World Cups.

The current champions are Brazil, who won their sixth world title after beating rivals Argentina in the final of the 2024 tournament in Uzbekistan.

All events prior to 2008 were 16-team events. The first event featured 6 teams from Europe, 3 from South America, 2 from Africa, 2 from Asia, 2 from North and Central America and 1 from Oceania. Since 2012, it includes 24 teams split to a six group round-robin tournament with four teams in each group. The top two teams in each group, together with the 4 highest-ranked third-place finishers, advanced to a sixteen-team knockout stage.
Jerome Johnson (American football)
Jerome Johnson (born January 19, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks and was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2009.

Johnson was also a member of the New York Giants and Arizona Cardinals.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
Kuşcenneti National Park
Kuşcenneti National Park (Turkish: Kuşcenneti Milli Parkı), established on 31 August 1959, is a national park located northeast of the Lake Kuş in Bandırma district of Balıkesir Province, northwestern Turkey.

Bandırma
Bandırma (Turkish: [banˈdɯɾma]) is a city, municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, northwestern Turkey. Its area is 755 km2, and its population is 167,363 (2024). Bandırma is located in the south of the Marmara Sea, in the bay with the same name, and is an important port city. It is approximately two hours away from Istanbul, İzmir and Bursa.

Bandırma may be reached by land, sea, air and rail. Regular ship trips are made to Tekirdağ and Istanbul from Bandırma every day. The accelerated train services between İzmir and Bandırma, which are made every day in connection with the ferry, offer a different transportation alternative.

Bandırma is home to the fifth-largest port in Turkey, second in the Marmara sea to Istanbul. The annual average trade volume of Bandırma Port, which meets 90% of the exports from Balıkesir Province, is 800 million dollars.
Grand Loop Road
The Grand Loop Road is a historic district which encompasses the primary road system in Yellowstone National Park. Much of the 140-mile (230 km) system was originally planned by Captain Hiram M. Chittenden of the US Army Corps of Engineers in the early days of the park, when it was under military administration.  The Grand Loop Road provides access to the major features of the park, including the Upper, Midway and Lower geyser basins, Mammoth Hot Springs, Tower Fall, the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone and Yellowstone Lake.

A number of other historic districts adjoin the Grand Loop in Yellowstone, including Mammoth Hot Springs, North Entrance Road, Roosevelt Lodge, Lake Fish Hatchery and Old Faithful historic districts.

Grand Loop Rd. includes unsigned portions of US 20, US 89, US 191 and US 287, all of which traverse the park. The road was named by Harry W. Frantz in 1923, who served as the park's publicist before beginning a long career as a journalist.

Yellowstone Lake
Yellowstone Lake is the largest body of water in Wyoming and the largest in Yellowstone National Park. The lake is 7,732 feet (2,357 m) above sea level and covers 136 square miles (350 km2) with 110 miles (180 km) of shoreline. While the average depth of the lake is 139 ft (42 m), its greatest depth is at least 394 ft (120 m). Yellowstone Lake is the largest freshwater lake above 7,000 ft (2,100 m) in North America.

In winter, ice nearly 3 ft (0.91 m) thick covers much of the lake except where shallow water covers hot springs. The lake freezes over by early December and can remain frozen until late May or early June.
2022 FIFA World Cup Group E
Matches in Group E of the 2022 FIFA World Cup took place from 23 November to 1 December 2022. The group consisted of Spain, Costa Rica, Germany, and Japan. The top two teams, Japan and Spain, advanced to the round of 16. Japan became the third ever Asian team to win a World Cup group, following victories by tournament co-hosts South Korea and Japan in the 2002 World Cup. Germany was eliminated in the group stage for the second consecutive tournament after going out as defending champions in 2018. This was the second time the reigning world champions were eliminated in the group stage of the two subsequent tournaments, following Italy, who was eliminated in the following two group stages after winning the 2006 edition.

2018 FIFA World Cup Group F
Group F of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place from 17 to 27 June 2018. The group consisted of defending champions Germany, Mexico, Sweden, and South Korea. Sweden and Mexico were the top two teams that advanced to the round of 16.

The surprise elimination of holders Germany marked the first time since 1938 that they did not advance beyond the first round, specifically the group stage which was first introduced in 1950. The early German exit was "greeted with shock in newspapers around the world".
Dienstalterslisten der SS
Dienstalterslisten der Schutzstaffel der NSDAP (English: SS seniority lists of the NSDAP),  were official documents that were issued in book form by the Reichsführung-SS (“SS-Personalamt”) between 1934 and 1945.

Up until 1942, these lists included the higher officer corps (SS-Obergruppenführer—SS-Standartenführer), the middle officer corps (SS-Oberführer—SS-Sturmbannführer) and the lower officer corps (SS-Hauptsturmführer—SS-Untersturmführer).

On the whole, it can be said that these lists of officers included the entire range of the NSDAP's Schutzstaffel (SS) and not only officers of the Allgemeine SS (General SS), but also those of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, the SS-Verfügungstruppe, the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and the Sicherheitsdienst Reichsführer SS included.

The SS officer lists were used by the allies in 1946 to convict and punish SS officers at the Nuremberg trials.

Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer (German: [ˈʊntɐʃtʊʁmˌfyːʁɐ], lit. 'Junior storm leader'; short: Ustuf) was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel (SS) first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer, which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921. The rank of Untersturmführer was senior to Hauptscharführer (or Sturmscharführer in the Waffen-SS) and junior to the rank of Obersturmführer.
Balitanghali
Balitanghali (formerly Balita Ko) is a Philippine television news broadcasting show produced by GMA Integrated News. Originally anchored by Pia Arcangel and Raffy Tima, it premiered on November 11, 2005, on QTV. The show was carried over on GMA News TV on February 28, 2011, and on GTV on February 22, 2021. Tima and Connie Sison currently serve as the anchors.

Q (Philippine TV network)
Q (formerly QTV and stylized as Qtv, standing for Quality Television) was a television network in the Philippines run by GMA Network Inc. through Citynet Network Marketing and Productions, Inc. The network primarily aired lifestyle and entertainment programs particularly aimed towards women. Its flagship station was DZOE-TV, which GMA ran as part of a lease with its owner, ZOE Broadcasting Network (who also aired programming on Q's schedule as part of the agreement, which also granted it access to technical resources from GMA).

On February 20, 2011, Q was discontinued in preparation for the launch of a new secondary network, GMA News TV, which later rebranded to GTV on February 22, 2021.
Sight for Sore Eyes
"Sight for Sore Eyes" is the tenth overall single from British band M People from their third album, Bizarre Fruit (1994). Written by band members Mike Pickering, Paul Heard and Heather Small, and produced by M People, it was released as the album's lead single on 7 November 1994, by Deconstruction Records. The song peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart and number four on the UK Dance Singles Chart, becoming the band's sixth consecutive single to enter the UK top 10. The accompanying music video was directed by British photographer and director Terence Donovan and filmed in London.

Heather Small
Heather Marguerita Small MBE (born 20 January 1965) is an English soul singer and lead vocalist of the band M People. Her subsequent debut solo studio album, Proud, was released in 2000. Her second and third studio albums, Close to a Miracle and Colour My Life, were released in 2006 and 2022, respectively.
Darhan Satybaldy
Darhan Amangeldiūly Satybaldy (Kazakh: Дархан Амангелдіұлы Сатыбалды; born 26 March 1974) is a Kazakh politician and diplomat currently serving as the äkim of Almaty since 24 May 2025. He previously served as the First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of Kazakhstan.

Satybaldy has held several key government positions throughout his career. From 2022 to 2025, he served as äkim of the Turkistan Region and from 2019 to 2022, he was Kazakhstan's Ambassador to Uzbekistan, contributing to stronger bilateral ties. He also served in the Senate of the Parliament of Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2019 and as äkim of Shymkent from 2013 to 2015.

Turkistan Region
Turkistan Region, formerly known as South Kazakhstan Region from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region from 1963 to 1991, is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan, bordering Uzbekistan. It had a population of 2,088,510 as of the 2022 Kazakhstan census.

The region's capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in the region include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger.
Archidendron pauciflorum
Archidendron pauciflorum, commonly known as djenkol, jengkol or jering, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, where the seeds are also a popular dish. They are mainly consumed in Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam, prepared by frying, boiling, or roasting, and eaten raw. The beans are mildly toxic due to the presence of djenkolic acid, an amino acid that causes djenkolism (djenkol bean poisoning). The beans and leaves of the djenkol tree are traditionally used for medicinal purposes, such as purifying the blood. To date, djenkol is traded on local markets only.

Djenkolic acid
Djenkolic acid (or sometimes jengkolic acid) is a sulfur-containing non-protein amino acid naturally found in the djenkol beans of the Southeast Asian plant Archidendron jiringa. Its chemical structure is similar to cystine but contains a methylene (single carbon) unit in between the two sulfur atoms. There is about 20 grams of djenkolic acid per kilogram of dry djenkol beans, and it has also been reported in smaller amounts in the seeds of other leguminous plants such as Leucaena esculenta (2.2 g/kg) and Pithecolobium ondulatum (2.8 g/kg).
Hong River (Huai River tributary)
Hong River is a major tributary river of Huai River system. Its source is on the western slope of Dengtaijia Peak near the border between the city of Wugang and Biyang County of Henan province. If flows for about 326 kilometres (203 mi) before meeting the Huai River near the provincial border between Henan and Anhui provinces. The lower section of Hong River is also called Hongru River (洪汝河), as it follows the lower course of a historical Ru River (汝水) that was artificially redirected during Yuan and Ming dynasties. Suya Lake on Hong River is the largest reservoir on the plain in China.

Huai River
The Huai River, formerly romanized as the Hwai, is a major river in East China, about 1,110 km (690 mi) long with a drainage area of 174,000 km2 (67,000 sq mi). It is located about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two longest rivers and largest drainage basins in China. Historically draining eastwards directly into the Yellow Sea, erosion from floods have changed the course of the river such that it now primarily discharges into the Yangtze. The Huai River is, to this day, notoriously vulnerable to flooding.

The Qinling–Huaihe Line, formed by the Huai River and the Qin Mountains, is sometimes regarded as the geographical dividing line between northern and southern China. This line approximates the 0 °C (32 °F) January isotherm and the 800 millimeters (30 in) isohyet in China.