hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Good reasons approach
The good reasons approach is a meta-ethical theory that ethical conduct is justified if the actor has good reasons for that conduct. The good reasons approach is not opposed to ethical theory per se, but is antithetical to wholesale justifications of morality and stresses that our moral conduct requires no further ontological or other foundation beyond concrete justifications. It is associated mainly with the ideas of Stephen Toulmin, Jon Wheatley and Kai Nielsen.

Kai Nielsen (philosopher)
Kai Nielsen (May 15, 1926 – April 7, 2021) was an American professor of philosophy at the University of Calgary. He specialized in naturalism, metaphilosophy, ethics, analytic philosophy, social and political philosophy. Nielsen also wrote about  philosophy of religion, and was an advocate of contemporary atheism. He was also known for his defense of utilitarianism, writing in response to Bernard Williams's criticism of it.
Doratodesmus
Doratodesmus is a is a genus of flat-backed millipedes in the family Haplodesmidae. These millipedes are found in China, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. This genus includes two species that are notable for including adult males with only 18 segments (counting the collum as the first and the telson as the last) rather than the 20 segments normally observed in the order Polydesmida: D. hispidus features only 18 segments in adults of each sex, whereas D. pholeter exhibits sexual dimorphism in segment number, with 19 segments in adult females but only 18 segments in adult males.

Polydesmida
Polydesmida (from the Greek poly "many" and desmos "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. Millipedes in this order are found in all regions of the world other than Antarctica.
Walter Helmerich II
Walter Hugo Helmerich II (1895–1981) was an American oil businessman, and the co-founder of Helmerich & Payne.

He was born in Chicago in 1895. He started as a barnstormer. In the First World War, he Helmerich joined the aviation section of the Army Signals Corps as a Lieutenant, became a pilot and, at one time was the world flight altitude record holder.

He married Cadijah Colcord, daughter of Charles Francis Colcord. Their son was Walter Helmerich III.

He died in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1981.

Helmerich & Payne
Helmerich & Payne, Inc. (/ˈhɛlmrɪk/ HELM-rik) is an American petroleum contract drilling company engaged in oil and gas well drilling and related services for exploration and production companies  headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, with operations throughout the world. Their FlexRigs, introduced in 1998, have been used extensively in drilling unconventional shale formations, such as the Bakken formation in North Dakota and the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford formation in Texas. H&P is the largest on-shore driller in the United States of America with over 20% of the American land drilling market share and over 40% of the super-spec American land drilling market share.
McPherson Cemetery
McPherson Cemetery is a cemetery located in Clyde, Ohio, United States. McPherson Cemetery is known for being the burial place of the Union Army General James B. McPherson, for whom the cemetery is named.

James B. McPherson
James Birdseye McPherson (/məkˈfərsən/) (November 14, 1828 – July 22, 1864) was a career United States Army officer who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. McPherson was on the general staff of Henry Halleck and later of Ulysses S. Grant and was with Grant at the Battle of Shiloh. He was killed during the Battle of Atlanta, facing the army of his old West Point classmate John Bell Hood, who paid a warm tribute to his character. He was the second-highest-ranking Union officer killed in action during the war.
Anthony Campagna
Anthony (born Antonio) Campagna, Count of Castelmezzano (December 31, 1884 – May 8, 1969) was a prominent real estate developer and member of the Board of Education in New York City.  Today, he is best known for the destruction of architecturally significant buildings and the subsequent development of new luxury buildings in New York City.

New York City Panel for Educational Policy
The Panel for Educational Policy of the Department of Education of the City School District of the City of New York, abbreviated as the Panel for Educational Policy and also known as the New York City Board of Education, is the governing body of the New York City Department of Education. The members of the board are appointed by the mayor, by the five borough presidents and one each elected by the five borough's CEC presidents.
James Creed Meredith
James Creed Meredith (28 November 1875 – 14 August 1942) was an Irish judge who served as a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1937 to 1942 and a Judge of the High Court from 1924 to 1937. He was best known as a nationalist of the early 20th century who upheld Brehon Law. He was President of the Dáil Courts and a Chief Judicial Commissioner of Ireland.

He was selected by the League of Nations to oversee the 1935 Saar status referendum. He was also a noted scholar, philosopher and author, whose 1911 translation of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgement is still widely used by students today. In 1896, he won the British championship for the Quarter mile race. He was the grandfather of the bronze casting sculptor Rowan Gillespie.

Critique of Judgment
The Critique of Judgment (German: Kritik der Urteilskraft), also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment, is a 1790 book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Sometimes referred to as the "third critique", the Critique of Judgment follows the Critique of Pure Reason (1781) and the Critique of Practical Reason (1788).
London county hurling team
The London county hurling team represents London in hurling and is governed by London GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the Joe McDonagh Cup and the National Hurling League. It formerly competed in the Ulster and Leinster Senior Hurling Championships.

London's home ground is McGovern Park, South Ruislip, Oxley Park, Watford. The team's manager is vacant.

The team last won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1901 but has never won the National League.

1901 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1901 was the 15th series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  London won the championship, beating Cork 1–5 to 0–4 in the final.
Luís Lindley Cintra
Luís Filipe Lindley Cintra ComL GCIP (5 March 1925 – 18 August 1991) was a prominent figure in Portuguese philology and linguistics. A prolific writer with over 80 published works. Another special interest was the relationship between Galician and Portuguese, as evinced by his study of the dialects of Madeira (1990) and his plan, together with Manuel de Paiva Boléo and José G. Herculano de Carvalho, for a linguistic-ethnographic atlas of Portugal and Galicia (1960). He is also co-author, with Celso Ferreira da Cunha, of a major work on Portuguese grammar, the Nova Gramática do Português Contemporâneo.

Order of Liberty
The Order of Liberty, or the Order of Freedom (Portuguese: Ordem da Liberdade), is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignity. The order was created in 1976, after the Carnation Revolution of 1974 in which the corporatist authoritarian Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcello Caetano was deposed. The Grand Collar can also be given by the President of Portugal to former Heads of State and others whose deeds are of an extraordinary nature and particular relevance to Portugal, making them worthy of such a distinction. This can include political acts, physical acts of defense for Portugal, or the good representation of Portugal in other countries.
Madame Desperrières
Jeanne-Rosalie-Émilie de Prinsac des Périers (1773–1860), known in error as Madame Desperrières, was a French portrait painter active during the Napoleonic Empire and the Bourbon Restoration. She exhibited at the Paris Salon from the early 1810s and is best known for her royalist portraits, including a state-commissioned portrait of Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême and an official portrait of King Louis XVIII.

Bourbon Restoration in France
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814 and 1815. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France, which had been profoundly changed by the French Revolution. Exhausted by the Napoleonic Wars, the kingdom experienced a period of internal and external peace, stable economic prosperity and the preliminaries of industrialisation. The July Revolution of 1830 effectively ended the restoration during the reign of Charles X, brother of the late King Louis XVI, leading to the July Monarchy and eventually the French Second Republic.
Sphyrna
Sharks portal

Sphyrna is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. Members of Sphyrna have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans, and other benthic organisms hide in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of Sphyrna are also known by synonyms such as Zygaena, Cestracion, and Sphyrichthys. The earliest species described of this genus was Sphyrna zygaena by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, while the latest described member, Sphyrna alleni, was described in 2024.

The genus name comes from the Greek word σφῦρα sphyra "hammer", it is also where the family name Sphyrnidae comes from.

The earliest known fossil species of Sphyrna is †Sphyrna guinoti from the mid-late Eocene of Tunisia and Egypt.

Sphyrna alleni
Sphyrna alleni, the shovelbill shark, is a species of hammerhead shark found along the West Atlantic coast from Belize to Brazil. Its pointed cephalofoil distinguishes it from the more northern bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), from which it was split in 2024. The species is also diagnosed by different tooth and precaudal vertebrae counts.
Nocturnal (The Black Dahlia Murder album)
Nocturnal is the third studio album by American melodic death metal band the Black Dahlia Murder. It was released through Metal Blade Records on September 18, 2007, and is the band's first album to feature bassist Bart Williams, who replaced Dave Lock, and drummer Shannon Lucas. It is also the last album to feature longtime guitarist John Kempainen.

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
University of Santo Tomas on stamps, banknote and coins
The University of Santo Tomas has appeared on Philippine postage stamps, issued by the Philippine Postal Corporation (PHLPost), a banknote and commemorative coins and medals. The commemorative stamps often feature the founder of the University of Santo Tomas, Miguel de Benavides, the Arch of the Centuries and the UST Main Building. The anniversaries of some constituent colleges are also celebrated on postage stamps.

University of Santo Tomas Main Building
The Main Building of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) in Manila, Philippines functions as the university's administrative center, and home of the Faculty of Civil Law, Faculty of Pharmacy, and the College of Science. The Main Building is also the home of the Museum of Arts and Sciences.
Port line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)
Port line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway is a railway line serving from CBD Belapur and Nerul in Navi Mumbai to Uran in South Navi Mumbai of Maharashtra, which is attached to the Harbour line. It was inaugurated on 11 November 2018 and daily services started on 12 November 2018.

This railway line will help to accelerate the growth of Navi Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru Port and the Newly developed areas of Navi Mumbai and also will cater to the passenger traffic demands generated by Jawaharlal Nehru Port, port-based industries, ONGC, the Defence establishment and other residential, industrial, and warehousing complexes in Uran.

Mumbai Suburban Railway
The Mumbai Suburban Railway (colloquially called local trains or simply locals) consists of exclusive inner suburban railway lines, augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs to serve the Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India. Spread over 450 kilometres (280 mi), the suburban railway operates 2,342 train services and carries more than 7.5 million commuters daily.

The daily commuters constitute around 40% of the daily commuters of Indian Railways. By annual ridership (2.64 billion), the Mumbai Suburban Railway is one of the busiest commuter rail systems in the world.
Global Church of God
The Global Church of God (GCG) is a Sabbatarian church based in England. It was founded in Glendora, CA in 1992 by Roderick C. Meredith. Following the dissolution of most church operations in the United States, GCG's operations shifted to the United Kingdom and reestablished a presence in North America under new organizational identities.

Grace Communion International
Grace Communion International (GCI), formerly named the Radio Church of God (RCG) and the Worldwide Church of God (WCG), is a Christian denomination based in Charlotte, North Carolina, and founded by Herbert W. Armstrong.

The organization's website reports 30,000 members spanning 550 churches in 70 countries. It is structured in the episcopal model and is a member of the National Association of Evangelicals.
Wendy Rieger
Wendy Bell Rieger (April 18, 1956 – April 16, 2022) was an American journalist and actress. She was known for her work as an anchor person for WRC-TV.

Rieger is also known for founding Going Green, an online publication.

Rieger received numerous awards during her career, including one Local Emmy Award for her report on the Vietnam War 20 Years After the War, and an award from Washingtonian magazine.

Washingtonian (magazine)
Washingtonian is a monthly magazine distributed in the Washington, D.C. area, with a focus on local feature journalism, guide book-style articles, real estate, and politics. Founded in 1965 by Laughlin Phillips and Robert J. Myers, it describes itself as "The Magazine Washington Lives By".
Turret deck ship
A turret deck ship is a type of merchant ship with an unusual hull, designed and built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The hulls of turret deck vessels were rounded and stepped inward above their waterlines. This gave some advantages in strength and allowed them to pay lower canal tolls under tonnage measurement rules then in effect. The type ceased to be built after those rules changed. The last turret deck ship in existence was scrapped in 1960.

Tonnage
Tonnage is a measure of the capacity of a ship, and is commonly used to assess fees on commercial shipping. The term derives from the taxation paid on tuns or casks of wine. In modern maritime usage, "tonnage" specifically refers to a calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship. Although tonnage (volume) should not be confused with displacement (the actual mass of the vessel), the long ton (or imperial ton) of 2,240 lb is derived from the fact that a "tun" of wine typically weighed that much.
4450th Tactical Group
The 4450th Tactical Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was headquartered at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, and operationally located at Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada. It was inactivated on 5 October 1989.

The United States Air Force F-117A Stealth Fighter program began on 15 October 1979 with the activation of the Tactical Air Command 4450th Tactical Group (TG) at the Tonopah Test Range Airport, Nevada.  The 4450th Tactical Group was a pathfinder unit, moving the F-117A from the research and development stage to becoming a fully operational weapons system.

On 10 November 1988, the Air Force officially announced the F-117A's existence to the public, and set the 4450th on the road to inactivation.  On 5 October 1989, its F-117A aircraft, equipment personnel and mission were transferred to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing was transferred from George Air Force Base, California, to carry out the F-117's sensitive worldwide mission.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Metarhizium robertsii
Metarhizium robertsii is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasitoid. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the phylum Deuteromycota (also often called fungi imperfecti).

Many isolates have long been recognised to be specific, and they were assigned variety status, but they have now been assigned as new Metarhizium species in light of new molecular evidence; one of these was M. robertsii. Other examples were M. majus and M. acridum (which was M. anisopliae var. acridum and included the isolates used for locust control). Metarhizium taii was placed in M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, but has now been described as a synonym of M. guizhouense (see Metarhizium). The commercially important isolate M.a. 43 (or F52, Met52, etc.), which infects Coleoptera and other insect orders has now been assigned to Metarhizium brunneum.

Metarhizium
Metarhizium is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae.  With the advent of genetic profiling,  placing these fungi in proper taxa has now become possible. Most turn out to be the asexual forms (anamorphs) of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, including Metacordyceps spp.
Roman Yereniuk
Roman Yereniuk is an educator and former public official in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.  He has been the principal of St. Andrew's College at the University of Manitoba, and was a trustee with the Winnipeg School Board from 1989 to 1995 and again from 1998 to 2006.  He has also run for the House of Commons of Canada on two occasions, as a candidate of the New Democratic Party.  Yereniuk is a prominent member of Winnipeg's Ukrainian-Canadian community.

Winnipeg School Division
The Winnipeg School Division is a school division in Winnipeg, Manitoba. With 78 schools, it is the largest of six public school divisions in Winnipeg, as well as the largest and oldest school division in Manitoba.

Its schools collectively teach over 33,000 students, in central, pre-unicity Winnipeg.
Colin Townsley
Colin James Townsley, GM (22 May 1942 – 18 November 1987) was an English firefighter. In 1987 Townsley was station officer in charge of Red Watch at Soho Fire Station in central London. He was one of 31 people killed in the King's Cross fire, the only firefighter to die. Townsley died from smoke inhalation while assisting passengers to escape from the fire; he was posthumously awarded the Chief Officer's Commendation and the George Medal for his bravery.

George Medal
The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI, is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry, typically by civilians, or in circumstances where military honours are not appropriate.
Disappearance of Cheryl Grimmer
Cheryl Gene Grimmer (30 October 1966 –  disappeared 12 January 1970; declared legally dead 2011) was a three-year-old British toddler who was kidnapped from Fairy Meadow Beach in Wollongong, New South Wales, in January 1970. She had been in the shower block at the beach when witnesses claim a man took her and ran off.

Cheryl's disappearance had been without explanation for over forty-five years, until a suspect was arrested and charged in March 2017. The suspect, who had previously made a false confession about an unrelated murder, claimed that he, then aged 16, had strangled Cheryl to death in the nearby suburb of Balgownie about an hour after her abduction. At a court appearance, the man pleaded not guilty. His trial was expected to take place at the Supreme Court of New South Wales in May 2019, but a judge declared that a key piece of evidence was inadmissible, leading to the prosecution dropping the charges against the suspect in February 2019.

Strangling
Strangling or strangulation is the compression of the neck leading to an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain, which can lead to unconsciousness or even death. Fatal strangulation typically occurs in cases of violence, accidents, and is one of two main ways that hanging causes death (alongside breaking the victim's neck).

Strangling does not have to be fatal; limited or interrupted strangling is practiced in erotic asphyxia, in the choking game, and is an important technique in many combat sports and self-defense systems. Strangling can be divided into three general types according to the mechanism used:

Hanging — Suspension from a cord wound around the neck

Ligature strangulation — Strangulation without suspension using some form of cord-like object (ligature) called a garrote

Manual strangulation — Strangulation using the fingers, hands, or other extremity
Mercedes W15
The Mercedes-AMG F1 W15 E Performance, commonly known as the Mercedes W15, is a Formula One racing car designed and built by the Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team to compete in the 2024 Formula One World Championship.

This was the first Mercedes car fully designed under British designer and engineer James Allison since his return as technical director in 2023. The W15 was raced by returning drivers George Russell, and seven-time World Drivers' Champion Lewis Hamilton, the latter in his final season with the team. Andrea Kimi Antonelli served as a test driver.

The W15 achieved four race wins, four pole positions, four fastest laps and nine podium finishes; Russell won the Austrian and Las Vegas Grands Prix, whilst Hamilton won the British and Belgian Grands Prix. Mercedes finished in fourth place in the World Constructors' Championship, their lowest finish since 2012.

2024 British Grand Prix
The 2024 British Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Qatar Airways British Grand Prix 2024) was a Formula One motor race that took place on 7 July 2024 at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England. It was the twelfth round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship.

George Russell of Mercedes took pole position, but abruptly retired mid-race due to a water leak in his car. Teammate Lewis Hamilton won the race for what was his first win since the 2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix more than two seasons prior, ahead of championship leader Max Verstappen of Red Bull Racing and Lando Norris of McLaren. The win was Hamilton's 104th career victory and his record ninth British Grand Prix victory.