hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
37th Engineer Battalion (United States)
The 37th Engineer Battalion ("Eagle Battalion") was an airborne engineer battalion in the United States Army, subordinate to the 2d Brigade Combat Team, 82d Airborne Division, based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The 37th Engineer Battalion was reactivated in the 82d Airborne Division as part of the United States Army new BCT 2020 concept in which each BCT's Special Troops Battalions would be inactivated and reactivated as Brigade Engineer Battalions. Prior to this, the battalion was a subordinate unit of the 20th Engineer Brigade assigned to XVIII Airborne Corps.

The battalion is notable in that it was the only battalion, of any kind, in the history of the United States Army to have entered combat as both an officially designated amphibious and airborne unit (though the Glider Infantry Regiments of the 11th Airborne Division conducted amphibious assaults in World War II).

Sapper
A sapper, also called a combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair.

Sappers are also trained and equipped to serve secondarily as provisional infantry.

Sappers facilitate and support the movement, defence, and survival of superordinate and allied forces, and impede those of enemies.

The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth nations, the U.S. military, and the militaries of other countries.
Rumphi East Constituency
Rumphi East Constituency is a constituency for the National Assembly of Malawi, located in the Rumphi District of Malawi's Northern Region. It is one of the 3 constituencies in Rumphi District. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system.

The constituency has several wards, all electing councilors for the Rumphi District. In 2009, the member of parliament who represented the constituency was Albert Doza Thindwa.

In 2025 Florence Shapiro Khimbi took the seat for the AFORD party.

National Assembly (Malawi)
The National Assembly of Malawi is the supreme legislative body of the nation. It is situated on Capital Hill, Lilongwe along Presidential Way. The National Assembly alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in Malawi. At its head is the Speaker of the House who is elected by their peers. Since October 29, 2025, the Speaker is Sameer Suleman.

The 1994 Constitution provided for a Senate, but Parliament repealed it. Malawi therefore has a unicameral legislature in practice. The National Assembly has 229 members of Parliament (MPs) who are directly elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority (or first-past-the-post) system and serve five-year terms.
André Aubréville
André Aubréville (30 November 1897, in Pont-Saint-Vincent (Meurthe-et-Moselle) – 11 August 1982, in Paris) was a French botanist, professor at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris and a member of the Academy of Sciences. He was the first scientist to introduce the term "desertification" (in his 1949 book: Climats, forêts et désertification de l'Afrique tropicale (Climates, Forests, and Desertification of Tropical Africa), and wrote a number of floras of former French colonies.

National Museum of Natural History, France
In France, the National Museum of Natural History (French: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [myzeɔm nɑsjɔnal distwaʁ natyʁɛl]; MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a grand établissement of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries,  is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793, during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France.

Since the 2014 reform, it has been headed by a chairman, assisted by deputy managing directors. The Museum has a staff of approximately 2,350 members, including six hundred researchers. It is a member of the national network of naturalist collections (RECOLNAT).
Washington's 40th legislative district
Washington's 40th legislative district is one of forty-nine districts in Washington state for representation in the state legislature.

The district includes San Juan County as well as portions of Whatcom and Skagit counties.

The district's legislators are state senator Liz Lovelett and state representatives Debra Lekanoff (position 1) and Alex Ramel (position 2), all Democrats.

Washington State Legislature
The Washington State Legislature is the state legislature of the State of Washington. It is a bicameral body, composed of the lower Washington House of Representatives, composed of 98 representatives, and the upper Washington State Senate, with 49 senators plus the lieutenant governor acting as president.

The state is divided into 49 legislative districts, each of which elect one senator and two representatives. Senators and the lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms while representatives are elected to two-year terms.

The state legislature meets in the Legislative Building at the Washington State Capitol in Olympia.

As of January 2025, Democrats control both houses of the Washington State Legislature. Democrats hold a 59–39 majority in the House of Representatives and a 30–19 majority in the Senate.
Bill Lamb
William Henry Lamb (5 January 1889 – 8 January 1964) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1938 until 1962 and a member of the New South Wales Labor Party and the Lang Labor Party. He was the Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly between 1947 and 1959.

Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Greg Piper, who was elected on 9 May 2023.
Ferdinand Tönnies
Ferdinand Tönnies (German: [ˈtœniːs]; 26 July 1855 – 8 April 1936) was a German sociologist, economist, and philosopher. He was a significant contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for distinguishing between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society). He co-founded the German Sociological Association together with Max Weber and Georg Simmel and many other founders. He was president of the society from 1909 to 1933, after which he was ousted for having criticized the Nazis. Tönnies was regarded as the first proper German sociologist and published over 900 works, contributing to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Tönnies, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel are considered the founding fathers of classical German sociology. Though there has been a resurgence of interest in Weber and Simmel, Tönnies has not drawn as much attention.

Social group
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group. The system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups is known as group dynamics.
Kadaň
Kadaň (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkadaɲ] ⓘ; German: Kaaden) is a town in Chomutov District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. It lies on the banks of the Ohře river. Kadaň is a tourist centre with highlights being the Franciscan Monastery and the historical square with late Gothic Town Hall Tower. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Wayne W. Williams
Wayne Warren Williams (born January 19, 1963) is an American attorney and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as an at-large member on the city council of Colorado Springs, Colorado from 2019 to 2023. Before serving on City Council, Williams was the Secretary of State of Colorado from 2015 to 2019.

Secretary of State of Colorado
The secretary of state of Colorado is the secretary of state of the state of Colorado in the United States. The office is one of five elected constitutional offices in the state. The current secretary of state is Democrat Jena Griswold.
Servetseza Kadın
Servetseza Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: ثروت سزا قادين; 1823 – 24 September 1878; meaning "Worthy of riches" in Persian) was the first consort and chief consort (BaşKadin) of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.

Kadın (title)
Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادین) was the title given to the imperial consort of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire towards the beginning of the seventeenth century. The title came into official usage at the end of the century, and remained in usage until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Metric circle
In mathematics, a metric circle is the metric space of arc length on a circle, or equivalently on any rectifiable simple closed curve of bounded length. The metric spaces that can be embedded into metric circles can be characterized by a four-point triangle equality.

Some authors have called metric circles Riemannian circles, especially in connection with the filling area conjecture in Riemannian geometry, but this term has also been used for other concepts. A metric circle, defined in this way, is unrelated to and should be distinguished from a metric ball, the subset of a metric space within a given radius from a central point.

Filling area conjecture
In differential geometry, Mikhail Gromov's filling area conjecture asserts that the hemisphere has minimum area among the orientable surfaces that fill a closed curve of given length without introducing shortcuts between its points.
Pietro Gasparri
Pietro Gasparri GCTE (5 May 1852 – 18 November 1934) was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as a diplomat and politician in the Roman Curia, including as the Vatican signatory of the Lateran Treaty. He also served as Cardinal Secretary of State under Popes Benedict XV and Pius XI.

Military Order of the Tower and Sword
The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit (Portuguese: Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada, do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito), before 1917 the ancient and most noble order of the Tower and of the Sword, of valour, loyalty and merit (A antiga e muito nobre ordem da Torre e Espada, do valor, lealdade e mérito), is one of the four former ancient Portuguese military orders and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system. It was created by King Afonso V in 1459. The order may be bestowed on people or on Portuguese municipalities.
U.S. Route 76
U.S. Route 76 (US 76) is an east–west U.S. highway in the Southeastern United States that travels for 548 miles (882 km). Its western terminus is at US 41 and the eastern terminus of US 72 (Broad Street) in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, where it travels in a generally due east direction, to its eastern terminus at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. It travels through the cities of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Ringgold, Georgia, Columbia and Florence, South Carolina, and Wilmington, North Carolina.

Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina
Wrightsville Beach is a town in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. Wrightsville Beach is just east of Wilmington and is part of the Wilmington metropolitan area. The population was 2,473 at the 2020 census. The town consists of a 4.6-mile (7 km) long beach island, an interior island called Harbor Island. It served as a filming location of Dawson's Creek, "The Summer I Turned Pretty". The movie Weekend at Bernie's was also partially filmed in Wrightsville Beach.
I Adore You (Hugel, Topic and Arash song)
"I Adore You" is a song by French DJ Hugel, German DJ Topic and Iranian-Swedish singer Arash featuring British singer Daecolm. It was released on 19 July 2024 through Universal Music Group to positive reviews and commercial success.

Topic (DJ)
Tobias Topic (born 23 March 1992), also known mononymously as Topic (/ˈtɒpɪk/), is a German DJ and music producer of Croatian origin. After gaining success with his song "Home", which was certified platinum in Australia and Germany, he made his international breakthrough in 2020 with "Breaking Me".
Gmina Radziejowice
Gmina Radziejowice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Radziejowice, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Żyrardów and 40 km (25 mi) south-west of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 80.06 square kilometres (30.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,616.

Żyrardów
Żyrardów [ʐɨˈrarduf] ⓘ is a town and former industrial hub in central Poland with approximately 41,400 inhabitants (2006). It is the capital of Żyrardów County in the Masovian Voivodeship, 45 kilometres (28 miles) west of Warsaw.
James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize
The James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize is awarded by the Institute of Physics (IOP) in theoretical physics. The award is made "for exceptional early-career contributions to theoretical (including mathematical and computational) physics." It was awarded every two years between 1962 and 1970 and has since been awarded annually. It is named in honour of James Clerk Maxwell.

The first medal was awarded in 1962 to Abdus Salam. Past recipients include subsequent Nobel Prize in Physics laureates (Abdus Salam, David Thouless, Anthony James Leggett, John Michael Kosterlitz) and Lucasian Professors of Mathematics (Stephen Hawking, Michael Green, and Michael Cates).

Michael Green (physicist)
Michael Boris Green FRS HonFInstP (born 22 May 1946) is a British physicist and a pioneer of string theory. He is a professor of theoretical physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Queen Mary University of London, emeritus professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 2009 to 2015.
Nay Phone Latt
Nay Phone Latt (Burmese: နေဘုန်းလတ်; born Nay Myo Kyaw on 28 June 1980) is a Burmese blogger and activist, currently serving as a Yangon Region Hluttaw MP for Thingangyun Township. He was a recipient of PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award and selected for 2010 Time 100 list under Hero Categories. From 2008 to 2012, he was detained at Hpa-An Prison and was listed as a political prisoner by Assistance Association for Political Prisoners of Burma.

Thingangyun Township
Thingangyun Township (Burmese: သင်္ဃန်းကျွန်း မြို့နယ်, MLCTS: sangghan:kywan: mrui.nai, pronounced [θɪ̀ɰ̃ɡáɰ̃dʑʊ́ɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is located in the eastern part of Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 38 wards, and shares borders with South Okkalapa township in the north, North Dagon township in the east, Yankin township and Tamwe township in the west, and Thaketa township in the south. The township has 40 primary schools, four middle schools and five high schools.

The township is home to Thingangyun Education College and University of Dental Medicine, Yangon.

The city's main sporting venues, the Thuwunna Stadium and the Thuwunna Indoor Stadium are located on the western side of the township.
Gunnery Division (Royal Navy)
The Gunnery Division was a Directorate of the Admiralty Naval Staff of the Royal Navy responsible for the tactical use of naval weapons and the training of naval personnel in relation to operational requirements. It was established in 1920 when the Gunnery and Torpedo Division was separated into an independent Gunnery Division and Torpedo Division. It existed until 1964 when the Department of Admiralty was abolished and replaced by a new Ministry of Defence.

Plans Division (Royal Navy)
The Plans Division  was the former war preparation and wartime strategic planning arm of the Admiralty Department from 1917 to 1964, The division originally became the main policy advisory and formulating body to the Chief of the Naval Staff. It later came under the supervision of the Assistant-Chief of the Naval staff (Policy).

When it transferred to the Navy Department (Ministry of Defence) it was renamed the Plans and Resources Division until 1971 it then became the Directorate of Naval Plans.
Marigold Winter Wonderful Fight 2024
Marigold Winter Wonderful Fight 2024 was a multiple-night professional wrestling event promoted by Dream Star Fighting Marigold. The pay-per-view events of the event took place on November 14 and December 13, 2024, in Tokyo, Japan at the Korakuen Hall. The events aired globally on CyberFight's video-on-demand service Wrestle Universe.

Dream Star Fighting Marigold
Dream Star Fighting Marigold (stylized as Dream Star★Fighting Marigold), referred to simply as Marigold (マリーゴールド, Marīgōrudo) in shorthand, is a Japanese joshi puroresu or women's professional wrestling promotion founded in April 2024.
Shailesh Thapa Chhetri
Shailesh Thapa Chhetri (Nepali: शैलेश थापा क्षेत्री) (born 8 December 1968) is the 28th Inspector General of Nepal Police. He was appointed the Inspector General of Nepal Police after succeeding Thakur Prasad Gyawaly on 9 July 2020 following a cabinet decision. He joined Nepal Police as an Inspector on May 1, 1992.

On 26 December 2021, he attended the meeting of the Central Security Committee which was related to the upcoming National Assembly election and overall situation of law and order in the country. He attended an Interpol meeting at Turkey on 21 November 2021.

Mr. Chhetri was succeeded by Dhiraj Pratap Singh as the Inspector General of Nepal Police on 3 May 2022.

Inspector general of police (Nepal)
The Inspector general of police (IGP) is the senior-most and highest ranked police officer of Nepal and the head of the Nepalese Police Force, who oversees all police activities throughout the country and reports directly to the Ministry of Home Affairs and is appointed by the government of Nepal for a tenure of four years, although two IGPs have served for six years.
Chiumo
Chiumo (also known as Chumo or Chomo in Tibet, also known as Khyarisatam by Nyishi people and Kawang Gyang by Puroik people in Arunachal Pradesh) is a mountain peak located at 6,890 m (22,600 ft) above sea level on the McMahon Line, which runs between the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India and Tibetan Autonomous Region of China.

Nyegyi Kansang
Nyegyi Kangtsang (also known as Katoie Gyang by Puroik people and Kra-Daadi by Nyishi people) is a mountain of the Eastern Himalayas located in East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh state of India on the border with Tibet.
Fukuchiyama Domain
Fukuchiyama Domain (福知山藩, Fukuchiyama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the west-central portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered initially around Fukuchiyama Castle in what is now the city of Fukuchiyama, Kyoto.

Tanba Province
Tanba Province (丹波国, Tanba no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [taꜜm.ba (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of central Kyoto and east-central Hyōgo Prefectures.  Tanba bordered on Harima, Ōmi, Settsu, Tajima. Tango, Wakasa, and Yamashiro provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Tanshū (丹州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Tanba was one of the provinces of the San'indō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Tanba was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is believed to have been located in what is now the city of Kameoka, although the exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is the Izumo-daijingū also located in Kameoka. The province had an area of 1,283.43 square kilometres (495.54 sq mi).
Twproject
Twproject (say: T W Project) is a web-based project and groupware management tool created by Open Lab, an Italian software house founded in 2001. It won the 17th Jolt Productivity Award in 2007 in the project management category. In March 2019 it becomes property of Twproject company. It has widespread use in universities as a teaching tool in project management courses. It is used by Oracle Corporation, Prada, Calzedonia, General Electric and many other companies from corporations to small start-ups.

Dr. Dobb's Journal
Dr. Dobb's Journal (often shortened to Dr. Dobb's or DDJ) was a monthly magazine published in the United States by UBM Technology Group, part of UBM. It covered topics aimed at computer programmers. When launched in 1976, DDJ was the first regular periodical focused on microcomputer software, rather than hardware. In its last years of publication, it was distributed as a PDF monthly, although the principal delivery of Dr. Dobb's content was through the magazine's website. Publication ceased at the end 
of 2014, with the archived website continuing to be available online.
Alabama sturgeon
The Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) is a species of sturgeon native to the United States of America and now only believed to exist in 130 miles (210 km) of the lower Alabama River.  Its historical ranges were believed to be over 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) of river and included the Alabama, Tombigbee, Mobile, Tensaw, Black Warrior, Cahaba, Coosa, and Tallapoosa rivers

The fish has a distinctive yellowish-orange color, grows to a size of about 30 in (76 cm) long and 2 to 3 lb (0.9–1.4 kg), and is believed to have a lifespan of 12 to 20 years. Biologists have known of the fish since the 1950s or 1960s, but the large diversity of aquatic species in Alabama prevented formal identification until 1991.

Cahaba River
The Cahaba River is the longest substantially free-flowing river in Alabama. It is a major tributary of the Alabama River and part of the larger Mobile River basin. With headwaters near Birmingham, the Cahaba flows southwest, then at Heiberger turns southeast and joins the Alabama River at the ghost town and former Alabama capital of Cahaba in Dallas County. Entirely within central Alabama, the Cahaba River is 194 miles (312 km) long and drains an area of 1,870 square miles (4,800 km2). The name Cahaba is derived from the Choctaw words oka meaning "water" and aba meaning "above"
Vulvar Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease (CD) of the vulva  is a rare extra intestinal condition, with granulomatous cutaneous lesions affecting the female genitalia. Lesions connected to the affected gut via a healthy tissue are referred to as metastatic lesions.

Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments.