hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vietnam Railways
Vietnam Railways (VNR; Vietnamese: Tổng công ty Đường sắt Việt Nam, lit. 'Vietnam Railways Corporation') is the state-owned operator of the railway system in Vietnam. The principal route is the 1,727 km (1,100 mi) single-track North–South Railway line, running between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This was built at the metre gauge in the 1880s during the French colonial rule. There are also standard gauge lines running from Hanoi to the People’s Republic of China, eventually leading to Beijing, and some mixed gauge in and around Hanoi.

Dual gauge
A dual gauge railroad track has three or four rails, allowing vehicles of two track gauges to run on it.

Signalling and sidings are more expensive to install on dual gauge tracks than on two single gauge tracks. Dual gauge is used when there is not enough room for two single tracks or when tracks of two different gauges meet in marshalling yards or train stations.
Liga ASOBAL 2009–10
Liga ASOBAL 2009–10 season (known as the SabadellAtlántico ASOBAL for sponsorship reasons) was the 20th since its establishment. Ciudad Real were the defending champions, having won their 4th La Liga title in the previous season. The campaign began on Saturday, 13 September 2008. The league was originally scheduled to end on 16 May 2009. A total of 16 teams contest the league, 14 of which have already contested in the 2008–09 season, and two of which have been promoted from the División de Honor B. In addition, a new match ball - the SELECT Super Five - is serving as the official ball for all matches. Ciudad Real played a season without a loss and won the title for the 2nd consecutive time.

Liga ASOBAL 2008–09
Liga ASOBAL 2008–09 season (known as the SabadellAtlántico ASOBAL for sponsorship reasons) is the 19th since its establishment. Ciudad Real are the defending champions, having won their 3rd La Liga title in the previous season. The campaign began on Saturday, 13 September 2008. The league is originally scheduled to end on 16 May 2009. A total of 16 teams contest the league, 14 of which have already contested in the 2007–08 season, and two of which have been promoted from the División de Honor B. In addition, a new match ball - the SELECT Super Five- is serving as the official ball for all matches.
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
The semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) is a category of rare neurotological diseases/disorders affecting the inner ears, comprising the superior, lateral and posterior semi-circular ducts. These SCDs induce SCD syndromes (SCDSs), which define specific sets of hearing and balance symptoms. This entry mainly deals with the superior SCDS.

The superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SSCDS) is a set of hearing and balance symptoms that a rare disease/disorder of the inner ear's superior semicircular canal/duct induces.  The symptoms are caused by a thinning or complete absence of the part of the temporal bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the vestibular system. There is evidence that this rare defect, or susceptibility, is congenital. There are also numerous cases of symptoms arising after physical trauma to the head. It was first described in 1998 by Lloyd B. Minor of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.
Sanat Kumar Gartia
Sanat Kumar Gartia is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Bijepur Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in the eastern coastal state of Odisha from 13 May to 1 June 2024 to elect the 147 members of the Odisha Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and results were declared on 4 June 2024 forming the 17th Assembly.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a simple majority with 78 seats and created history by ending the 24 year rule of the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) and its leader Naveen Patnaik. Later the 3 independent MLAs joined to the BJP, increasing it to 81. The BJP state president Manmohan Samal, under whose leadership the election was fought, lost his election from Chandabali Seat. On 12th June 2024, Mohan Charan Majhi, the MLA from Keonjhar took oath as the 15th Chief Minister of the state, along with Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo and Pravati Parida as deputy chief ministers.
Petite rivière Vermillon
The Petite rivière Vermillon is a tributary of the west bank of the Jeannotte River, flowing in the municipality of Lac-Édouard (canton of Bickerdike) and of La Tuque (township of Charest and Laurier), in the administrative region of Mauricie, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The course of the “Petite Rivière Vermillon” descends from the west side of the Batiscan River and from the east side of the Saint-Maurice River. This river is part of the hydrographic side of the Batiscan River which generally winds south to the north bank of the St. Lawrence River.

The course of the "Petite Rivière Vermillon" descends entirely into the forest zone. The river surface is generally frozen from mid-December until the end of March.

Since the middle of the 19th century, forestry has been the predominant activity of the "Petite Rivière Vermillon" watershed.

Batiscan River
Batiscan River (French pronunciation: [batiskɑ̃]) has its source in the region of Lac Édouard, in the Laurentians Mountains, the Batiscan River flows over a length of 177 km. It receives water from numerous tributaries, including, in its upper reach, the Rivière aux Éclairs and the Jeannotte River. In its downstream part, it waters Saint-Narcisse and Sainte-Geneviève-de-Batiscan before flowing into the St. Lawrence River at Batiscan.
Locks on the Canal du Midi
There are 91 working locks on the Canal du Midi along its 240-kilometre (150 mi) course from the Bassin du Thau on the Mediterranean coast to the junction with the Canal lateral a la Garonne in Toulouse. There are a further 13 locks on the 37-kilometre (23 mi) La Nouvelle branch which runs through Narbonne to the Mediterranean at Port-la-Nouvelle. The locks are all under the management of the French navigation authority, Voies navigables de France.

Étang de Thau
The Étang de Thau (French pronunciation: [etɑ̃ də to]; Occitan: Estanh de Taur) or Bassin de Thau is the largest of a string of lagoons (étangs) that stretch along the French coast from the Rhône river to the foothills of the Pyrenees and the border to Spain in the Languedoc-Roussillon.  Although it has a high salinity, it is considered the third largest lake in France.
Dum pukht
Dum pukht (Persian: دَم‌ پخت), larhmeen, dampokhtak, or slow oven cooking is an Indian cooking technique in which meat and vegetables are cooked over a low flame, generally in dough-sealed containers. The technique originated during the Mughal Empire and traditions assign its origin in pre-partition India to the reign of Nawab of Awadh Asaf-ud-Daulah (1748–97). The technique is now commonly used in other cuisines such as South Asian, Central Asian, and West Asian.

Nawab of Awadh
The Nawab of Awadh or Nawab of Oudh /ˈaʊd/ was the title of the rulers of Kingdom of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in northern India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty of Sayyid origin of Shia Islam. from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Kingdom of Awadh with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
Gord Sherven
Gordon R. Sherven (born August 21, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. He played 97 games in the National Hockey League with the Edmonton Oilers, Minnesota North Stars, and Hartford Whalers between 1984 and 1988. He later moved to Germany and played there from 1988 to 2000. Internationally Sherven played for the Canadian national team at the 1983 World Junior and senior World Championships, as well as the 1988 Winter Olympics.

1983 Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1983 Ice Hockey World Championships took place in West Germany from 16 April to 2 May. The games were played in Munich, Dortmund and Düsseldorf. Eight teams took part, with each playing each other once. The four best teams then play each other once more with no results carrying over this time, and the other four teams played each other again to determine ranking and relegation. This was the 49th World Championships, and also the 60th European Championships. The Soviet Union became world champions for the 19th time, tying Canada, and won their 22nd European title.

Promotion and relegation was effective for 1985 as the IIHF did not run a championship in Olympic years at this time.  Nations that did not participate in the Sarajevo Olympics were invited to compete in the Thayer Tutt Trophy.
Rahat Kazmi
Rahat Kazmi (Urdu: راحت کاظمی) is a Pakistani actor, screenwriter, TV news presenter anchorman, and an academician. He has worked in several TV serials for PTV such as in 1967 with Mayaar, rose to prominence in 1974 with Qurbatain aur Faaslay (his own adaptation of Turgenev's 1862 novel Fathers and Sons) and also starred in 1976 with Pakistan's first coloured and classical serial Parchaiyan. Later, he worked in PTV's many other TV dramas such as in 1980 with Teesra Kinara (his own adaptation of Ayn Rand's 1943 novel The Fountainhead), the same year with Ehsaas, and in 1987 with Dhoop Kinare.

Ivan Turgenev
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (/tʊərˈɡɛnjɛf, -ˈɡeɪn-/ toor-GHEN-yef, -⁠GAYN-; Russian: Иван Сергеевич Тургенев, IPA: [ɪˈvan sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ tʊrˈɡʲenʲɪf]; 9 November [O.S. 28 October] 1818 – 3 September [O.S. 22 August] 1883) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, translator and popularizer of Russian literature in the West.

His first major publication, a short story collection titled A Sportsman's Sketches (1852), was a milestone of Russian realism. His novel Fathers and Sons (1862) is regarded as one of the major works of 19th-century fiction.
Laura Wallace
Laura Martin Wallace FRSNZ is a geodetic principal scientist who works between the University of Texas at Austin and GNS Science in New Zealand. She was elected Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi in 2018.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Caraga candy poisonings
Almost 2,000 people, mostly schoolchildren from the Caraga region of the Philippines, experienced food poisoning after consuming durian, mangosteen, and mango flavored candies in 2015. The Food and Drug Administration of the Philippines confirmed that the sweets were contaminated by staphylococcus bacteria, a bacteria commonly found on human skin.  The cause was suspected to be accidental bacterial contamination by vendors, who had repackaged the candy.

Caraga
Caraga, officially the Caraga Administrative Region (or simply known as Caraga region) and designated as Region XIII, is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of Mindanao. The region was created through Republic Act No. 7901 on February 23, 1995. The region comprises five provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur,  Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, and Surigao del Sur; six cities: Bayugan, Bislig, Butuan (a highly-urbanized city), Cabadbaran, Surigao and Tandag; 67 municipalities and 1,311 barangays. Butuan, the most urbanized city in Caraga, serves as the regional administrative center.
Fábio Pacheco
Fábio José Ferreira Pacheco (born 26 May 1988) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Liga 3 club A.D. Marco 09.

He made 182 Primeira Liga appearances for Paços de Ferreira, Vitória de Setúbal, Marítimo and Moreirense, and also surpassed a century of appearances in the second tier for Oliveirense, Tondela and Moreirense, winning the title with the latter two clubs.

C.D. Tondela
Clube Desportivo de Tondela (Portuguese pronunciation: [tõˈdɛlɐ] ⓘ) is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Primeira Liga, the top tier of Portuguese football, following their promotion after winning the 2024–25 Liga Portugal 2. They are based in the town of Tondela and play in the Estádio João Cardoso. Founded in 1933, the club predominantly played within Portugal's regional leagues until their gradual climb up the league pyramid since 2004.
Chung Il-kwon
Chung Il-kwon (Korean: 정일권; November 21, 1917 – January 17, 1994) was a South Korean politician, diplomat, and soldier. A general in the Republic of Korea Army, he served as foreign minister 1963 to 1964, and prime minister from 1964 to 1970. He was an ally of President Park Chung Hee.

His art name was Chungsa (청사). He was also known by the Japanese pronunciation of his name: Tei Ikken.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Kelly Kovski
Kelly Kovski (born June 16, 1981) is an American professional racing driver and crew chief. He has competed in the ARCA Menards Series for twenty years, primarily racing at the Illinois State Fairgrounds and DuQuoin State Fairgrounds. He has also competed in and won at various dirt track events alongside his starts in ARCA competition.

DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack
DuQuoin State Fairgrounds Racetrack is a one-mile (1.6-km) clay oval motor racetrack in Du Quoin, Illinois, about 90 miles (140 km) southeast of St Louis, Missouri. It is a stop on the ARCA Menards Series, USAC Silver Crown Series and American Flat Track.
Acapulco International Airport
Acapulco International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Acapulco), officially Aeropuerto Internacional General Juan N. Álvarez (General Juan N. Álvarez International Airport) (IATA: ACA, ICAO: MMAA), is an international airport located in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. It serves as a gateway to Acapulco, a popular Mexican tourist destination. The airport also serves charter flights and facilitates various tourism-related activities, flight training, and general aviation. It is named in honor of Juan N. Álvarez, former President of Mexico. The airport is operated by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte (OMA). In 2024, the airport handled 606,610 passengers; traffic increased to 684,452 in 2025 according to OMA.

Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte
Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte, S.A.B. de C.V., known as OMA, is a Mexican airport operator headquartered in San Pedro, near Monterrey, Mexico. It operates 13 airports in the central and northern states of Mexico, including that of Monterrey, one of Mexico's largest cities. It is the fourth largest airport services company by passenger traffic in Mexico. It serves approximately 15 million passengers annually.

OMA is listed  on the Mexican Stock Exchange and in the NASDAQ through ADRs since 2006. In June 2015, OMA announced it had engaged UBS as market maker to promote the liquidity and trading volume for the shares listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange.
Reynevan
Reinmar of Bielau (Polish: Reinmar z Bielawy), called Reynevan, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the Hussite Trilogy, a series of novels by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski titled The Tower of Fools, Warriors of God, and Light Perpetual.

Warriors of God
Warriors of God (Polish: Boży bojownicy) is a historical novel with fantasy elements, written by Andrzej Sapkowski. It is the sequel to Narrenturm in the Hussite Trilogy. Its events take place in Bohemia and Silesia, during the time of Hussite Wars.
Banig
Baníg (/bəˈnɪɡ/ bə-NIG; Tagalog: [bɐˈnɪɡ]) are traditional handwoven mats of the Philippines predominantly used as a sleeping mat or a floor mat. Banig mats are typically made from pandanus or sedge leaves. They can also utilize other materials, including buri palm leaves, reed leaves, and rattan strips, depending on the region and ethnic group. The leaves are dried, usually dyed, then cut into strips and woven into mats, which may be plain or intricate.

Prior to the motorization of native bangka and other traditional Filipino sailing vessels, banig made from pandanus leaves were also the material used as traditional sails by Filipinos and other Austronesians due to the natural salt-resistant properties of pandanus and sedge leaves. They were also formerly used during the pre-colonial period to wrap the deceased prior to interment.

Corypha
Corypha or the gebang palm, buri palm or talipot palm  is a genus of palms (family Arecaceae), native to India, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea and northeastern Australia (Cape York Peninsula, Queensland). They are fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae), and the leaves have a long petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets.

All are large palms with leaves ranging from 2–5 metres in length. They reach heights of 20–40 m and with a trunk diameter of up to 1-2.5 m. All the species are monocarpic and die after flowering. The genus is relatively slow growing and can take many years to form a trunk.

Species include:
Ohad Tal
Ohad Tal (Hebrew: אוהד טל) is an Israeli politician who serves as a member of Knesset for the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism. He heads the Public Enterprises Knesset Committee, and is a member of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, Economics Committee, and Aliyah and Absorption Committee.

National Religious Party–Religious Zionism
The National Religious Party–Religious Zionism (Hebrew: מפלגה דתית לאומית–הציונות הדתית, romanized: Miflaga Datit Leumit – HaTzionut HaDatit), or Mafdal–Religious Zionism, is a far-right religious Zionist political party in Israel. The party was formed in August 2023, when the Religious Zionist Party and The Jewish Home parties agreed to merge.
Ferhat Çerçi
Ferhat Çerçi (born 2 September 1981 in Hamm) is a German football manager and former football player. He played for Hammer SpVg. He also holds Turkish citizenship. He spent one season in the Bundesliga with Arminia Bielefeld.

He is currently the manager of Hammer SpVg II.

Hammer SpVg
Hammer SpVg is a German association football club from the city of Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of a larger sports club with some 1,500 members in departments for aikido, judo, cheerleading, fitness and dance, gymnastics, handball, roller hockey, volleyball, and water gymnastics.
Ukra
André Filipe Alves Monteiro (born 16 March 1988), known as Ukra, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a right winger.

Formed at Porto, where he made eight senior appearances, he played 245 Primeira Liga games for five clubs, mainly in two spells at Rio Ave and also Olhanense, Braga and Santa Clara.

Ukra earned 46 caps for Portugal at youth level, and played one senior match in 2015.

S.C. Olhanense
Sporting Clube Olhanense (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾtĩ ˈkluβɨ ɔʎɐˈnẽsɨ]), commonly known as Olhanense, is a Portuguese sports club from Olhão, Algarve.

Its football team was founded on 27 April 1912 and currently plays in the Algarve Football Association First Division, the fifth tier of Portuguese football. It holds home matches at the 5,661-spectator capacity Estádio José Arcanjo.

Olhanense won the Campeonato de Portugal (now Taça de Portugal) in 1924, their most prestigious honour in history. They most recently played in the Primeira Liga in 2014 and the second tier in 2017.
The Thrillseekers
Steve Helstrip, known by the stage name the Thrillseekers, is an English DJ and record producer. His debut single, "Synaesthesia", was released in 1999.

Helstrip has worked under the guises of En Motion, Insigma, Rapid Eye and Hydra. He also works in remixing, having remixed work by Tiësto, Armin van Buuren, Ferry Corsten, Timo Maas, Sonique, Chicane, Blank & Jones, and Seb Fontaine. He owns his own record label, Adjusted Music.

Sonique (musician)
Sonia Marina Clarke (born 21 June 1965), better known by her stage name Sonique, is an English singer, musician and DJ. She came to public attention as a member of dance band S'Express during the early 1990s, but achieved greater success as a solo artist in the early-to mid 2000s. During this period, she achieved UK top 20 hits with "It Feels So Good", "Sky", "I Put a Spell on You" and "Can't Make Up My Mind", and won the 2001 BRIT Award for British female solo artist.
Gadisar Lake
Gadisar Lake (also called Gadsisar Lake) is an artificial lake in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India. It was built by the founder of Jaisalmer, Rawal Jaisal Bhati in 1156 AD and later rebuilt by his successor Rawal Gadsi Bhati around 1367 AD. The lake is located about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from Jaisalmer Fort. It is said that this lake once provided water to the entire city. Presently, the water comes in the Gadisar Lake from Indira Gandhi Canal, so it never dries.

Rawal Jaisal
Rawal Jaisal Bhati (1113–1168) was the founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer from 1156 to 1168. Jaisal was a Rajput chief of the Bhati clan who lived during the 12th century, Jaisal rose to power in 1143 by defeating his nephew, Rawal Bhojdeo of Lodhruva, in battle and seizing his nephew's position as Rawal. In 1156, Jaisal founded the city of Jaisalmer and became the Rawal of the Kingdom of Jaisalmer. Jaisal's descendants ruled Jaisalmer as Rawal, and later as Maharawal, until India's independence in 1947. Jaisal is also claimed to be the ancestor of the Phulkian dynasty and other notable families and individuals.
Nedunchezhian Swaminathan
Nedunchezhian Swaminathan is an Indian-born mechanical engineer, combustion scientist and academic. He serves as the Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Cambridge and is the Director of Studies and a Fellow at Robinson College, Cambridge.

Swaminathan's research specializes in thermo-fluids, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and combustion. His work focuses on the numerical simulation of reacting flows, particularly regarding turbulent combustion and the utilization of hydrogen and other low-carbon fuels.

In recognition of his contributions to engineering and combustion science, Swaminathan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2025. He is also a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Royal Aeronautical Society, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Combustion Institute, and the DIRDI.

The Combustion Institute
The Combustion Institute is an educational non-profit, international, scientific and engineering society whose purpose is to promote research in combustion science. The institute was established in 1954, and its headquarters are in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The current president of The Combustion Institute is Hai Wang (2024 - Present).