hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya
Abu Hafs Umar bin Yahya (Arabic: أبو حفص عمر) (also known as Al-Mustansir II) was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya (1284–1295).

After restoring Hafsid rule interrupted by the usurper Ibn Abi Umara (1283–1284), Abu Hafs Umar sought to rebuild the state in the face of invasions and challenges to his authority. He was however unable to prevent the division of Hafsid territories. During the period when the Hafsids had been driven out of Tunis by Ibn Abi Umara, Zakariyya, a nephew of Abu Hafs Umar I, conquered Bejaïa with the support of local tribes and later also gained control of Constantine. In 1285 Zakariyya also attacked Tunis and Tripoli. Although this attack was neutralized by an alliance between Abu Hafs Umar I and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, Constantine and Bejaïa became independent of the rule of from Tunis. Abu Hafs Umar I died in 1295.

Béjaïa
Béjaïa (/bɪˈdʒaɪə/ bij-EYE-ə; Arabic: بجاية, romanized: Bijāya, pronounced [biˈdʒaːja], locally [ˈb(d)ʒæːjə]), formerly known as Bougie and Bugia, is a Mediterranean port city and commune on the Gulf of Béjaïa in Algeria; it is the capital of Béjaïa Province.
Frederick Augusta Barnard
Sir Frederick Augusta Barnard KCH FRS FSA (1 September 1743 – 27 January 1830) was principal librarian to George III during much of the British King's reign. Barnard developed the library collection systematically, seeking guidance from noted intellectuals including writer and lexicographer Dr. Samuel Johnson.

Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order (German: Königlicher Guelphen-Orden), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House of Guelph, of which the House of Hanover was a branch. Since Hanover and the United Kingdom shared a monarch until 1837, the order was frequently bestowed upon British subjects.
South Korean beauty standards
South Korean beauty standards have become a well-known feature of South Korean culture. In 2015, a global survey by the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons placed South Korea in the top ten of countries who had the highest rate of cosmetic surgeries.

Korean beauty standards prioritize maintaining a youthful appearance rather than looking mature. A combination of clear skin, an even skin complexion, a slim v-shaped jawline, and pronounced puffy Aegyo-Sal (fatty, bag-like, deposits under the eye - common in children; rare in adults) contribute to the desirable youthful aesthetic and personal presentation.

The increase in influence of South Korean media, such as K-pop, Korean dramas and advertisements throughout South Korea presents this softer appearance to the public as the desirable norm. Even in men, this softer and more androgynous appearance is preferred in both romantic interests and shown more in media, as compared to men with traditionally masculine features.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Blood & Guts (2022)
The 2022 Blood & Guts was the second annual Blood & Guts professional wrestling television special produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It was held on June 29, 2022, at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan. The event aired as a special episode of AEW's primary weekly television program, Wednesday Night Dynamite, which aired live on TBS. The July 1 episode of Friday Night Rampage on TNT, which was a special episode titled Royal Rampage and was the inaugural Royal Rampage, was also taped the same night immediately after the live broadcast of Blood & Guts.

Broadcast delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay is an intentional delay when broadcasting live material, technically referred to as a deferred live. Such a delay may be to prevent mistakes or unacceptable content from being broadcast. Longer delays lasting several hours can also be introduced so that the material is aired at a later scheduled time (such as the prime time hours, or in a different time zone) to maximize viewership. Tape delays lasting several hours can also be edited down to remove filler material or to trim a broadcast to the network's desired run time for a broadcast slot, but this is not always the case.
Orion (Ryan Adams album)
Orion is the 11th studio album by American singer-songwriter Ryan Adams, released on May 18, 2010, by Adams' own record label PAX AM. Described as Adams' first "fully-realized sci-fi metal concept album," Orion was released on a limited vinyl run, and could only be purchased from the PAX AM online store. There are no plans for a wide release, but as of November 4, 2010, Adams' new site paxamrecords.com is offering a standard edition vinyl that will also include the download card of the entire album. Those who purchased the album in its limited run also received a bonus 7" single.

The album was recorded in 2006, while working on Easy Tiger with producer Jamie Candiloro, and is Adams' first full-length album release since splitting from The Cardinals in March 2009.

Orion's artwork was designed by Michel Langevin of Voivod.

Ryan Adams & the Cardinals
The Cardinals are an American rock band that were formed in 2004 by alternative country singer-songwriter Ryan Adams and fronted by him (until 2009 and again from 2023 onwards). The band was featured on Ryan Adams and the Cardinals albums, Cold Roses, Jacksonville City Nights, Follow the Lights, Cardinology and III/IV. Though credited as a solo Ryan Adams release, the 2007 album Easy Tiger also features the Cardinals.

Regarding the band's name, Adams states that he "suggested the Cardinals because it was my high school football team."

Along with their work with Adams, The Cardinals recorded an album with Willie Nelson in 2006, and following Adams' departure in 2009, The Cardinals recorded an album with singer-songwriter Gin Wigmore.
Ahmet Arslan (politician)
Ahmet Arslan (born 2 June 1962) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) who served as the Minister of Transport, Maritime and Communication from 24 May 2016 until 10 July 2018. He is a Member of Parliament for the electoral district of Kars, having first been elected in the November 2015 general election.

Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey)
The Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkish: Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı) is a government ministry office of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for transport, information and communication services in Turkey. Its head office is in Ankara. The current minister is Abdulkadir Uraloğlu, in office since June 2023.
Arisa Trew
Arisa Trew OAM (アリサ・トゥルー, born 12 May 2010) is an Australian skateboarder. She won the gold medal for the women's park skateboarding event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris at the age of 14 making her Australia's youngest ever Olympic champion. She is the first women's skateboarder to land a 720 and a 900 in competition.

Skateboarding at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's park
The 2024 Summer Olympics women's park skateboarding competition occurred on 6 August 2024 at Place de la Concorde in Paris, France.

Sakura Yosozumi was a defending 2020 Olympic champion, but she was eliminated in the semifinals and did not qualify for the finals.
Saskatchewan Highway 41
Highway 41 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 5 in Saskatoon to Highway 3 / Highway 6 in Melfort. The highway also intersects Highway 2. It is about 163 kilometres (101 mi) long.

Saskatchewan Highway 3
Highway 3 is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from the Alberta border, where it continues west as Alberta Highway 45, to the Manitoba border, and then continues east as Highway 77. Highway 3 is about 615 km (382 mi.) long. The CanAm Highway comprises  Saskatchewan Highways 35, 39, 6, 3, as well as 2. 59.7 miles (96.1 km) of Saskatchewan Highway 3 contribute to the CanAm Highway between Melfort and Prince Albert.

Major communities that Highway 3 passes through are Prince Albert, Melfort, and Tisdale.
Ariakon Overlord
The Ariakon Overlord is a semi-automatic .68 caliber paintball pistol.

The Overlord has what is claimed to be the fastest available loading system for a paintball pistol, the Rapid Release Magazine System. A lever at the back of the system releases the magazine, which is ejected with the help of a spring.

The pistol's power supply is a 12 gram CO2 powerlet. Brass Eagle 12-gram cartridges are known to work with these markers. Other cartridges may be difficult to eject, and some have been known to puncture the O-ring seal and create leaks.

Ariakon came out with an upgraded model, the Overlord RX, in early 2007 featuring cheaper, lighter magazines, a threaded barrel, and cutouts in the side of the CO2 chamber to reduce problems with the CO2 cartridges jamming.

Ariakon overlords are capable of shooting between 240 and 350 ft/s (73 and 107 m/s), reaching ranges of up to 150 feet (46 m) and are also capable of a bottom line feed if one does not wish to use 12 gram CO2 cartridges.

Paintball marker
A paintball marker, also known as a paintball gun, paint gun, or simply marker, is an air gun used in the  shooting sport of paintball, and the main piece of paintball equipment. Paintball markers use compressed gas, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) or compressed air (HPA), to propel dye-filled gel capsules called paintballs through the barrel and quickly strike a target. The term "marker" is derived from its original use as a tool for forestry personnel to mark trees and ranchers to mark wandering cattle.

The muzzle velocity of paintball markers is approximately 90 m/s (300 ft/s); most paintball fields restrict speed to 280–300 ft/s, and small indoor fields may further restrict it down to 250 ft/s. While greater muzzle velocity is possible, it has been ruled unsafe for use on most commercial paintball fields.
Abeno-ku, Osaka
Abeno-ku (阿倍野区) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. It is located in southern Osaka city and has a population of over 107,000. In the northern part of Abeno, Abenobashi, there is the Kintetsu Minami Osaka Line which terminates at Abenobashi Station, the Midōsuji Line and Tanimachi Line of the Osaka Municipal Subway at Tennoji Station, and the Hankai Tramway's Uemachi Line which terminates at Tennoji-eki-mae Station. The Abenobashi area of Abeno is a commercial area where department stores and movie theatres are located. Abeno is a home for Sharp Corporation (Nagaike-cho).

Tanimachi Line
The Tanimachi Line (谷町線, Tanimachi-sen) is a rapid transit line of Osaka Metro, running from Dainichi Station in Moriguchi to Yaominami Station in Yao through Osaka. Despite chronologically being the system's fourth line, its official name is Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 2 (高速電気軌道第2号線), while the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau refers to it as Osaka City Rapid Railway Line No. 2 (大阪市高速鉄道第2号線), and in MLIT publications, it is written as Line No. 2 (Tanimachi Line) (2号線（谷町線）). On line maps, stations on the Tanimachi Line are indicated with the letter T.

The central part of the line runs underneath Tanimachi-suji, a broad north–south thoroughfare lined with prefectural government buildings and Buddhist temples. Its only above-ground segment is the vicinity of Yaominami Station. The line color on maps, station signs and train livery is tyrian purple (京紫, kyō-murasaki), derived from the kasaya robes worn by Buddhist monks.
Monguno and Nganzai massacres
On 13 June 2020, the Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP) launched five coordinated attacks on different locations across Borno State, Nigeria. Four of the attacks took place in Monguno and one took place in the village of Goni Usmanti in Nganzai LGA, and over sixty people were killed in the attacks.

Islamic State – West Africa Province
The Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP), officially Wilāyat Garb Ifrīqīyā (Arabic: ولاية غرب إفريقية), meaning 'Province of West Africa', is a militant group and administrative division of the Islamic State (IS), a Salafi jihadist militant group and unrecognised quasi-state. ISWAP is primarily active in the Chad Basin, and fights an extensive insurgency against the states of Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. It is an offshoot of Boko Haram with which it has a violent rivalry. Until March 2022, ISWAP acted as an umbrella organization for all IS factions in West Africa including the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (IS-GS), although the actual ties between ISWAP and IS-GS were limited.
Ajay Kumar (civil servant)
Ajay Kumar is an Indian civil servant who currently serves as the Chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). A 1985-batch officer of the Indian Administrative Service, he earlier served as the 38th Defence Secretary of India. (2019–2022), Defence Production Secretary (2017–2019), and held senior roles in the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, where he contributed to the  Digital India programme including Unified Payments Interface, Aadhaar, MyGov.in, Government e Marketplace and Jeevan Pramaan.. He is an alumnus of the IIT Kanpur and the University of Minnesota.

Kumar has been associated with significant national reforms, including defence production indigenization, the establishment of the post of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), corporatization of the Ordnance Factories Board, and the launch of the Agniveer recruitment scheme. Beyond government service, he has engaged with academia, policy think-tanks, and startup ecosystems.

IIT Kanpur
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public institute of technology located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. As an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), it was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act. As of January 2025, at least 18 Padma Shri, 4 Padma Bhushan, 1 Padma Vibhushan, and 33 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients have been affiliated with IIT Kanpur as alumni or faculty members.
2024 Kobani clashes
The 2024 Kobani clashes were a military campaign conducted by the pro-Turkish Syrian National Army (SNA) and the Turkish Air Force against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) following the successful 2024 Manbij offensive. The offensive was part of the broader Turkish offensive in northern Syria, and was launched with the intent to capture the Kurdish-majority city of Kobanî and positions in Ayn al-Arab District to the east of the Euphrates. The offensive was initiated with numerous airstrikes across the Kobanî countryside, and on the Tishrin Dam standing on the Euphrates between recently captured Manbij District territories and the Ayn al-Arab District.

Ayn al-Arab District
Ayn al-Arab District (Arabic: منطقة عين العرب, romanized: manṭiqat ‘Ayn al-‘Arab) or Kobani District (Kurdish: Navçeya Kobanî) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Kobani.

The district fills the northeastern section of the governorate, and its northern boundary is along the Syria–Turkey border.

At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 192,513.
Ratna Style
Ratna Style (Bengali: রত্ন শিল্পরীতি) is a style of Bengal temple architecture, that originated in Bengal from the 15th to 16th centuries, under the Mallabhum kingdom (also called Malla dynasty). Originating as a regional style in Hindu temple architecture. It is an extended style of the Chala temple. The special feature of Ratna-style temples is the curved cornice of the chala.

Ratna-style temples were built all over Bengal. But most of the temples are found in the city of Bishnupur. In the present day, the temples are now located in two separate national territories: the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, and Bangladesh.

Mallabhum kingdom
Mallabhum (The country originally known as Mallabhoom or Mallabani Bengali: মল্লভূম or Bishnupur kingdom) was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.
Daria Pogorzelec
Daria Pogorzelec (born 20 July 1990) is a Polish judoka who competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Pogorzelec beat Anamari Velenšek in the first round of the women's half-heavyweight competition, then Heide Wollert before losing to Mayra Aguiar. Pogorzelec was entered into the bronze medal repechage, where she lost to Abigél Joó.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Pogorzelec beat Hortence Atangana before losing to Luise Malzahn,

In 2013, Pogorzelec won bronze at the World Military Games.

Judo at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 78 kg
The women's 78 kg category in judo at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 28 July and 2 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.

The gold and silver medals were determined by a single-elimination tournament, with the winner of the final taking gold and the loser receiving silver. Judo events awarded two bronze medals. Quarter-final losers competed in a repechage match for the right to face a semi-final loser for a bronze medal (that is, the judokas defeated in quarter-finals 'A' and 'B' competed against each other, with the winner of that match facing the semi-final loser from the other half of the bracket).

Kayla Harrison, representing the United States, won the gold medal, defeating Great Britain's Gemma Gibbons in the final; Gibbons was awarded the silver medal.
TUDN Radio
TUDN Radio (formerly Univision Deportes Radio) is a U.S. Spanish-language sports radio network operated by Uforia Audio Network, a division of TelevisaUnivision. It launched on March 15, 2017 on ten AM and FM radio stations, most of which previously affiliated with the ill-fated Univision America until its 2015 closure. The network features stations in the states of California, Texas, Illinois, Nevada, New York and Florida, covering half of the country's Hispanic population.

While its main focus is on soccer, Univision Deportes Radio competed against ESPN Deportes Radio, owned by ESPN Inc., until 2019 which had 40 stations in 14 states.

On July 20, 2019, the network was renamed TUDN Radio, as part of a wider multi-platform relaunch of the Univision Deportes division as TUDN, in partnership with Televisa. With the September 2019 discontinuation of ESPN Deportes Radio, the network picked up some of its former stations (including Los Angeles' KWKW).

TUDN (brand)
TUDN (formerly Univision Deportes) is a sports programming division of Univision, a Spanish language broadcast television network owned by TelevisaUnivision, that is responsible for the production of televised coverage of sports events and magazine programs that air on the parent Univision network and sister network UniMás, and cable channels Galavisión and TUDN TV channel. The division's premier sports properties are its broadcast rights to Liga MX, select matches involving the Mexico national football team, tournament matches from the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América. With the closure of the offices in Miami in late August 2024, the division's headquarters are now in Mexico City, Mexico.
Guy André Boy
Guy André Boy (born May 25, 1952) is a French and American scientist and engineer, Fellow of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), the Air and Space Academy, and the International Academy of Astronautics. He was FlexTech Chair holder at CentraleSupélec (Paris Saclay University) and ESTIA Institute of Technology (2019-2024), where he still teaches. He is also a visiting scholar at ISAE-SUPAERO and IRIT. He was a university professor and dean (2015–2017) at Florida Institute of Technology (FIT), where he created the Human-Centered Design Institute (HCDi) in 2010. He was senior research scientist at Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC).  He was Chief Scientist for Human-Centered Design at NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) from 2010 to 2016. He is known for his work on intelligent assistance, cognitive function analysis, human-centered design (HCD), orchestration of life-critical systems, tangible interactive systems, and human systems integration.

Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
The Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition (IHMC) is a not-for-profit research institute of the State University System of Florida, with locations in Pensacola and Ocala, Florida. IHMC scientists and engineers investigate a broad range of topics related to building systems aimed at amplifying and extending human cognitive, physical and perceptual capacities.
Robert Livingston (1718–1775)
Robert Robert Livingston, also called The Judge (August 1718 – December 9, 1775), was a prominent colonial American politician, and a leading Whig in New York in the years leading up to the American Revolution.

Livingston family
The Livingston family of New York is a prominent family that migrated from Scotland to the Dutch Republic, and then to the Province of New York in the 17th century. Descended from the 4th Lord Livingston, its members included signers of the United States Declaration of Independence (Philip Livingston) and the United States Constitution (William Livingston). Several members were Lords of Livingston Manor and Clermont Manor, located along the Hudson River in 18th-century eastern New York.
Pertusaria rupicola
Pertusaria rupicola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen belonging to the family Pertusariaceae. It is characterized by its thick, brain-like folded thallus that appears grey-greenish or yellow-green in colour. This organism produces distinctive wart-like fruiting bodies with black to pale yellow-brown openings. Native to the Mediterranean region, it grows primarily on steep, north-facing siliceous rock surfaces in well-lit but indirect sunlight environments. The species has experienced population declines following wildfires due to its slow growth rate. P. rupicola also serves as a host for the lichenicolous fungus species Lichenostigma rupicolae.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Challakere Assembly constituency
Challakere Assembly constituency is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.

It is part of Chitradurga district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes.

Chitradurga district
Chitradurga district is an administrative district of Karnataka state in south-western India. The city of Chitradurga is the district headquarters. Chitradurga city gets its name from 'Chitrakaldurga', meaning 'picturesque castle' in Kannada.