hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Averaged Lagrangian
In continuum mechanics, Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method – or in short Whitham's method – is used to study the Lagrangian dynamics of slowly-varying wave trains in an inhomogeneous (moving) medium.
The method is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems. As a direct consequence of the averaging used in the method, wave action is a conserved property of the wave motion. In contrast, the wave energy is not necessarily conserved, due to the exchange of energy with the mean motion. However the total energy, the sum of the energies in the wave motion and the mean motion, will be conserved for a time-invariant Lagrangian. Further, the averaged Lagrangian has a strong relation to the dispersion relation of the system.

The method is due to Gerald Whitham, who developed it in the 1960s. It is for instance used in the modelling of surface gravity waves on fluid interfaces, and in plasma physics.

Slowly varying envelope approximation
In physics, slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA, sometimes also called slowly varying asymmetric approximation or SVAA) is the assumption that the envelope of a forward-travelling wave pulse varies slowly in time and space compared to a period or wavelength. This requires the spectrum of the signal to be narrow-banded—hence it is also referred to as the narrow-band approximation.

The slowly varying envelope approximation is often used because the resulting equations are in many cases easier to solve than the original equations, reducing the order of—all or some of—the highest-order partial derivatives. But the validity of the assumptions which are made need to be justified.
Tsuyoshi Furukawa
Tsuyoshi Furukawa (古川 毅, Furukawa Tsuyoshi; born September 21, 1972) is a Japanese football coach and former player in the J1 League. In 2022, he became head coach for Tokushima Vortis, where he started his career as a player.

Tokushima Vortis
Tokushima Vortis (徳島ヴォルティス, Tokushima Vorutisu) is a Japanese professional football club located in Tokushima, capital of Tokushima Prefecture. The club currently playing in the J2 League, the Japanese second tier of professional football league.
Henri Lansbury
Henri George Lansbury (born 12 October 1990) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Throughout his career, he played for Arsenal, where he ascended from the club's academy, in addition to spells with sides Scunthorpe United, Watford, Norwich City, Aston Villa FC, West Ham United and Nottingham Forest, Bristol City and Luton Town. He achieved consecutive promotions to the Premier League in 2010–11 with Norwich and 2011–12 with West Ham. Lansbury also played for England as a youth international.

2011–12 Football League Championship
The 2011–12 Football League Championship (known as the npower Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the eighth season of the league under its current title and nineteenth season under its current league division format.

Reading secured the Championship title on 21 April, following second-placed Southampton's 2–1 defeat to Middlesbrough. The result left Southampton four points behind Reading with only one game remaining. Southampton were promoted on the final day of the season, after winning 4–0 at home to Coventry City, who were one of three teams relegated along with Portsmouth (who were deducted ten points midway through the season for entering administration) and Doncaster Rovers. West Ham United occupied the final promotion place as they returned to the Premier League after just one year. West Ham beat Blackpool in the Play-off final at Wembley Stadium, sealing their return to the top division after narrowly missing out on automatic promotion.
1965 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1965 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 77th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 31 January 1965. The championship began on 11 April 1965 and ended on 14 November 1965.

University College Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by St. Nicholas' in the semi-final.

On 14 November 1965, St. Nicholas' won the championship following a 2-04 to 0-06 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their fourth championship title and their first title since 1954.

University College Cork's Dan Harnedy was the championship's top scorer with 0-17.

1954 Cork Senior Football Championship
The 1954 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 66th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round of the championship took place on 24 January 1954. The championship ran from 21 March to 3 October 1954.

Collins entered the championship as the defending champions.

On 3 October 1954, St. Nicholas' won the championship following a 2-11 to 0-03 defeat of Clonakilty in the final. This was their third championship title and their first title since 1941.
Stephen E. Calvert
Stephen E. (Steve) Calvert, PhD, FRSC (born December 30, 1935) is a professor emeritus at the University of British Columbia. He has specialized in the study of chemical and geochemical oceanography. His work has shed light on the factors responsible for the wide compositional variability of marine sediments, the controls on organic matter burial and nutrient utilization in the ocean.

Calvert utilizes a combination of organic, inorganic and stable isotopic information to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures, plankton production, terrestrial sediment supply and transport modes, nutrient utilization and bottom water oxygen concentrations.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Hiroki Otsu
Hiroki Otsu (大津弘樹, Ōtsu Hiroki; born 25 May 1994) is a Japanese racing driver who is currently competing in Super GT with ARTA, and in Super Formula for TCS Nakajima Racing as a substitute driver for Naoki Yamamoto.

Nakajima Racing
Nakajima Planning Co., Ltd, racing as Nakajima Racing, is a Super Formula and Super GT team organized and founded by Satoru Nakajima in 1983. The team has fielded four championship winners in the Formula Nippon racing series: Tom Coronel, Toranosuke Takagi, Ralph Firman and Loïc Duval. The organization races exclusively in Japan, although the drivers have different nationalities, and competes almost exclusively with Honda or Mugen based cars/engines.
1984 European Cup Winners' Cup final
The 1984 European Cup Winners' Cup Final was a football match contested between Juventus of Italy and Porto of Portugal. It was the final match of the 1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup and the 24th European Cup Winners' Cup final. It was held at St. Jakob Stadium in Basel, Switzerland.

Juventus won the match 2–1 due to goals by Beniamino Vignola and Zbigniew Boniek. It was the fourth year in succession the final had been settled by a 2–1 scoreline.

1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup
The 1983–84 season of the European Cup Winners' Cup was won by Juventus in a final against Porto. The next year, the club went on to complete a full complement of European trophies with the European Cup. Aberdeen were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals by Porto.

Universitatea Craiova, winners of the 1983 Romanian Cup Final, had their entry rejected since the Romanian Football Federation scheduled the Cup Final for one week after the closing date for entries. As a result, Andrei Rădulescu and Florin Dumitrescu, the president and secretary of the Federation, were sacked.
Charles Bell
Sir Charles Bell KH FRS FRSE FRCSE MWS (12 November 1774 – 28 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. Bell discovered the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord, and also described Bell's palsy.

His three older brothers included Robert Bell (1757–1816) a Writer to the Signet, John Bell (1763–1820), also a noted surgeon and writer; and the advocate George Joseph Bell (1770–1843) who became a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh and a principal clerk at the Court of Session.

Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order (German: Königlicher Guelphen-Orden), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House of Guelph, of which the House of Hanover was a branch. Since Hanover and the United Kingdom shared a monarch until 1837, the order was frequently bestowed upon British subjects.
Spider Sabich
Vladimir Peter Sabich Jr. (January 10, 1945 – March 21, 1976) was an American alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team on the World Cup circuit in the late 1960s. He competed at the 1968 Winter Olympics and was the pro ski racing champion in 1971 and 1972. Sabich was killed by gunshot under controversial circumstances involving Claudine Longet in 1976.

Billy Kidd
William Winston Kidd (born April 13, 1943) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team from 1962 to 1970.

At the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Kidd and teammate Jimmie Heuga became the first American men to win Olympic medals in alpine skiing, winning silver and bronze in the slalom. Six years later, Kidd won a gold medal in the combined and a bronze in the slalom at the 1970 World Championships in Val Gardena, Italy. He promptly switched circuits and enjoyed a successful pro ski racing career from 1970 to 1972, winning the World Pro Ski Tour World Championships in 1970, becoming the only racer in history to win FIS and Pro titles the same year.

Since 1970, Kidd has enjoyed enduring "Legend" status in the sport, and has remained in the public eye in his job (1970-2024) as Director of Skiing at Steamboat Ski Resort in Colorado.
Reliant Bancorp
Reliant Bancorp, Inc, formerly Commerce Union Bancshares, is an American financial corporation based in Brentwood, Tennessee, USA. It was listed on the NASDAQ until its merger with United Community Bank in January 2022. It controls a subsidiary, Reliant Bank, a commercial bank.

Brentwood, Tennessee
Brentwood is a city in Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 45,373 as of the 2020 United States census. It is a suburb of Nashville and included in the Nashville metropolitan area.
Andrei Rădoi
Andrei Rădoi (born 7 February 1987) is a Romanian rugby union player. He plays in the hooker position for professional Liga Națională de Rugby club SCM Rugby Timișoara and București based European Challenge Cup side the Wolves.

Rădoi also played for Romania's national team the Oaks. Between December 2013 Rădoi plays for Ealing Trailfinders, promoted in April 2015 to the English Championship (level 2).

In 2022 he was given a four-year ban for breaking anti-doping regulations.

Liga de Rugby Kaufland
The Liga Națională de Rugby (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈliɡa natsjoˈnalə de ˈruɡbi]) is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in Romania. In the 2023 season there are 14 teams competing. The competition was established in 1913 and is governed by the Romanian Rugby Federation. Steaua București is the most successful club in the competition with 24 titles.
SSD Città di Acireale 1946
S.S.D. Città di Acireale 1946 S.r.l., commonly known as Acireale (pronounced [a.t͡ʃi.reˈa.le]), is an Italian football club based in Acireale, Sicily, who compete in Serie D, the fourth tier of the Italian football league system.
The club was established in 1946 as a successor to Società Sportiva Acireale, which folded in 1993. Its golden era came in the 1990s, when it reached Serie B and competed for two consecutive seasons: 1993–94 and 1994–95.

Serie D
The Serie D (Italian pronunciation: [ˈseːrje ˈdi]) is the highest level of semi-professional football in Italy, and the fourth tier of the Italian national league system, the lowest one with a national organization. It sits beneath the third and lowest fully professional league, Serie C, and feeds in to it through promotion and relegation. Serie D is administered by the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti and is organized by the Roman Comitato Interregionale (Interregional Committee), a "league in the league" inside the LND.
BBC Radio Sheffield
BBC Radio Sheffield is the BBC's local radio station serving South Yorkshire, north Derbyshire and North Nottinghamshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital television and via BBC Sounds from studios on Shoreham Street in Sheffield.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 147,000 listeners and a 3.7% share as of December 2023.

Hits Radio South Yorkshire
Hits Radio South Yorkshire, formerly Hallam FM, is an Independent Local Radio station based in Sheffield, England, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to South Yorkshire and Chesterfield.

As of September 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 330,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Weil am Rhein station
Weil am Rhein station is a small railway junction in Weil am Rhein in the German state of  Baden-Württemberg on the German-Swiss border. The Weil am Rhein–Lörrach railway (known as the Gartenbahn—"Garden Railway") branches off the Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway (Rhine Valley Railway) at the station. From 1878 to 1937, the station was the starting point of the Weil am Rhein–Saint-Louis line to the French town of Saint-Louis.

Weil am Rhein
Weil am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪl ʔam ˈʁaɪn], lit. 'Weil on the Rhine'; High Alemannic: Wiil am Rhii) is a German town and commune. It is on the east bank of the River Rhine, and extends to the tripoint of Switzerland, France, and Germany. It is the most southwesterly town in Germany and a suburb in the Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel. The town has around 30,000 inhabitants, and the Eurodistrict metropolitan area has about 830,000.
Pleasantville (electoral district)
Pleasantville was a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It existed from 1975 to 1996. The district was located in the north end of St. John's.

The riding was created for the 1975 election out of parts of St. John's East Extern and St. John's Centre. It was abolished before the 1996 election, mostly into Virginia Waters and St. John's East, with small parts going to Cape St. Francis and St. John's North.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Minnesota State Treasurer
The state treasurer of Minnesota was a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Twenty-six individuals occupied the office of state treasurer from 1858 until the office's abolition in 2003. The final state treasurer was Carol C. Johnson, a DFLer.

Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota affiliated with the national Democratic Party. The party was formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944. The DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name from that of the national party, the other being the neighboring North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

The DFL controls four of Minnesota's eight United States House of Representatives seats, both of its United States Senate seats, the Minnesota Senate, and all other statewide offices, including the Governor of Minnesota, making it the dominant party in the state. In the Minnesota House of Representatives, it has a power-sharing agreement with its main political rival, the Republican Party of Minnesota, following a tie in the 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.
Mikhail Zayats
Mikhail Vladimirovich Zayats (Russian: Михаил Владимирович Заяц;born October 14, 1981) is a Russian former professional mixed martial artist who competed in Bellator's Light Heavyweight division as well as M-1 Global.

M-1 Global
M-1 Global (Mixfight-1) or MMA-1 (Mixed martial arts-1) is a mixed martial arts promotion based in St. Petersburg, Russia which organizes between 10 and 20 competitions per year.

It hosted its first major show (rather than co-promoting with other organizations) entitled M-1 Global Presents Breakthrough on August 28, 2009 at Memorial Hall in Kansas City, Kansas.

M-1, in 2009, signed a contract to co-promote with Explosion Entertainment.
Latin soul
Latin soul (occasionally used synonymously with boogaloo) was a short-lived musical genre that had developed in the 1960s in New York City. It consisted of a blend of Cuban music such as mambo, along with elements of Latin jazz and soul music. Although short-lived, the genre had a very great influence on the growing salsa movement which would dominate the New York Latin music scene in the 1970s. Today, the term is typically used for artists of Hispanic and Latin American descent producing R&B and/or soul music.

Latin soul heavily emphasized its Afro-Cuban rhythms and featured songs sung mainly in English. The style grew out of an attempt on the part of Latin musicians in New York City to expand the reach of their music beyond the local Latin community and into the broader mainstream American society.

Boogaloo
Boogaloo or bugalú (also: shing-a-ling, Latin boogaloo, Latin R&B) is a modern jazz genre of Latin music and dance which was popular in the United States in the 1960s. Boogaloo originated in New York City mainly by stateside Cubans and Puerto Ricans with African American music influences. The style was a fusion of popular African American jazz, rhythm and blues (R&B) and soul music with mambo and son montuno, with songs in both English and Spanish. The American Bandstand television program introduced the dance and the music to the mainstream American audience. Pete Rodríguez's "I Like It like That" was a famous boogaloo song.

Except for the name, the dance is unrelated to the boogaloo street dance from Oakland, California and the electric boogaloo, a style of dance which developed decades later under the influence of funk music and hip-hop dance.
Isabel Álvarez
Isabel "Lefty" Álvarez (October 31, 1933 – June 6, 2022) was a Cuban pitcher and outfielder who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) between the 1949 and 1954 seasons. She batted and threw left-handed.

Isabel Álvarez was the youngest Cuban player to join the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, a women's circuit born during World War II and made famous in the 1992 film A League of Their Own.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
Jonathan Browne
Jonathan Browne (1601 – 19 December 1643) was an Anglican clergyman, Dean of Hereford from 1637 until his death.

Browne was educated at Gloucester Hall, Oxford, matriculating on 13 October 1620, aged 19, and graduating BCL (1625), DCL (1630).

He held the following church preferments:

Rector of Shelley, Essex (1621)

Rector of St Faith's, London (1628)

Rector of Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire (1630)

President of Sion College (1636–1637)

Canon of Hereford Cathedral (1636)

Dean of Hereford (1636–1643)

Canon of Westminster Abbey (1639–1643)

He died on 19 December 1643, and was buried at Hertingfordbury, without any memorial. His will (undated and unregistered) was proved on 8 April 1645.

Dean of Hereford
The Dean of Hereford is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of Hereford Cathedral. The dean and chapter are based at the Cathedral Church of Blessed Virgin Mary and St Ethelbert in Hereford. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Hereford and seat of the Bishop of Hereford.
Silicon tetrabromide
Silicon tetrabromide, also known as tetrabromosilane, is the inorganic compound with the formula SiBr4.  This colorless liquid has a suffocating odor due to its tendency to hydrolyze with release of hydrogen bromide.  The general properties of silicon tetrabromide closely resemble those of the more commonly used silicon tetrachloride.

Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula HBr. It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine.  A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boiling azeotrope mixture that boils at 124.3 °C (255.7 °F). Boiling less concentrated solutions releases H2O until the constant-boiling mixture composition is reached.

Hydrogen bromide, and its aqueous solution, hydrobromic acid, are commonly used reagents in the preparation of bromide compounds.
Rubi (footballer)
Joan Francesc Ferrer Sicilia (born 1 January 1970), commonly known as Rubi, is a Spanish former footballer who played as a winger, currently manager of Segunda División club Almería.

After a playing career spent no higher than Segunda División B, he embarked on a managerial career of over two decades, leading Levante, Sporting de Gijón, Espanyol, Betis and Almería in La Liga.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.