hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elza van Lingen
Elizabeth Christina "Elza" van Lingen (née Greeff; 26 November 1949 – 19 April 2018) was a South African politician. A member of the Democratic Alliance, she was elected a councillor of the Cacadu District Municipality in 2002. She was elected to the National Council of Provinces in 2009. Van Lingen became leader of the DA caucus in the NCOP in 2011, and was re-elected to the NCOP in 2014. From 2016 until her death, she served as the mayor of the Kouga Local Municipality.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
William Leach (canoeist)
William "Bill" Leach (born April 5, 1946) is an American sprint canoer who competed in the late 1970s. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, he was eliminated in the repechages of the K-2 500 m event.

Leach's wife, Julie, finished seventh in the K-1 500 m event at those same games and later became a triathlete in the 1980s.

Julie Leach
Julie Leach (born February 23, 1957) is an American Olympic Kayak athlete who competed in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, then switched to triathlon. After winning numerous races she won the Oct '82 Hawaiian Ironman World Championship. Julie has two children with Bill Leach: Shane (3–23–88) and Hayden (7–1–93). She taught Earth science at Arnold O. Beckman High School in Irvine, California until 2012.
French Creek (Snohomish River tributary)
French Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Washington. It is a tributary of Snohomish River.

A share of the early settlers being of French Canadian descent caused the name to be selected.

Another French Creek is located within the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, and is home to wilderness hiking trails.

Snohomish River
The Snohomish River is a river in Snohomish County, Washington, formed by the confluence of the Skykomish and Snoqualmie rivers near Monroe. It flows northwest entering Port Gardner Bay, part of Puget Sound, between Everett and Marysville. The Pilchuck River is its main tributary and joins the river at Snohomish. The river system drains the west side of the Cascade Mountains from Snoqualmie Pass to north of Stevens Pass.

Measured at Monroe, the Snohomish River has an average annual flow of 9,500 cubic feet per second (270 m3/s).  In comparison, the Columbia River, Washington's largest river, has an average flow of about 265,000 cubic feet per second (7,500 m3/s).
Kickboxing at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
Kickboxing  at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games  was held in Konya, Turkey from 16 to 18 August 2022 in Selçuklu Municipality Sports Hall.

The Games were originally scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021 in Konya, Turkey. In May 2020, the Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF), who are responsible for the direction and control of the Islamic Solidarity Games, postponed the games as the 2020 Summer Olympics were postponed to July and August 2021, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Konya
Konya is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium.  In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks' Sultanate of Rum, from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia.

As of 2024, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,330,024. 1,433,861 live in the three urban districts (Karatay, Selcuklu, Meram), making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara. City has Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train (YHT) services from Istanbul, Ankara and Karaman. The local airport (Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week.
Kiss & Tell (Angels & Airwaves song)
"Kiss & Tell" is a song by the American rock band, Angels & Airwaves. The song was released on August 29, 2019, as a promotional single for the band's 2019 North American Tour, and appears as the final track on their sixth album, Lifeforms. The song was written by DeLonge, Ilan Rubin, and Aaron Rubin.

Ilan Rubin
Ilan Samuel Rubin (born July 7, 1988) is an American musician, producer, songwriter, and composer. He is the current drummer of Foo Fighters, having joined the band in 2025, replacing Josh Freese. Prior to this, he was known for playing drums with a variety of artists, including Nine Inch Nails, Paramore, Lostprophets, Angels & Airwaves and Danny Elfman. In 2008, he formed The New Regime, in which he sings and plays all instruments in the studio and plays guitar with a band for live performances. In 2021, he released music for the first time under his name.

In 2020, Rubin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Nine Inch Nails, making him the youngest living inductee in its history. He is also the first Rock Hall inductee to be born in the 1980s, and the first to be born after the establishment of the Hall itself.
Old Piedras River Aqueduct
The Old Piedras River Aqueduct (Spanish: Antiguo acueducto del Río Piedras), also known as the San Juan Waterworks (Acueductos de San Juan), is an aqueduct in the barrio (district) of El Cinco of San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is by the Piedras River, next to the University of Puerto Rico Botanical Garden. This aqueduct dates to the mid 19th century and it was important for the urban development of Río Piedras.

Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Río Piedras (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈrio ˈpjeðɾas])  (Spanish for ''stones river'') is a highly urbanized commercial and residential district in San Juan, the capital municipality of Puerto Rico. Adjacent to the Hato Rey business center and concentrated in the barrios of Pueblo, Universidad, Hato Rey Sur, El Cinco, and Monacillo Urbano, it is about 4 to 7 miles (6.4 to 11.3 km) from the Old San Juan historic quarter, Condado and Isla Verde resort areas, and SJU airport. It has been the home of the main campus of the University of Puerto Rico since 1903, earning the popular name of Ciudad Universitaria (college town). The largest health institution in the archipelago, the Centro Médico de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Medical Center), is also located within its limits. Named after the river that flows through it, the Río Piedras (''stones river''), the district was the downtown center of a former municipality with the same name that was merged into San Juan in 1951.
Rigio
Rigio (Greek: Ρήγιο) is a village in the eastern part of Didymoteicho municipality, Evros regional unit, Greece. It is 13 km east of the centre of Didymoteicho, on the right bank of the river Evros, where it forms the border with Turkey. Rigio belongs to the community of Pythio.
The nearest villages are Pythio to the south, Asimenio to the west and Sofiko to the northwest.
The town is populated by Arvanites.

Asimenio
Asimenio (Greek: Ασημένιο) is a village in the municipality of Didymoteicho in the northern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece. It is about 8 km northeast of the centre of Didymoteicho. It is bypassed by the Greek National Road 51 (Alexandroupoli - Didymoteicho - Orestiada - Ormenio). The nearest larger villages are Sofiko to the north, and Pythio to the southeast.
Auckland Diamonds
Auckland Diamonds were a former New Zealand netball team based  in Waitakere City, Auckland Region. As a result, they were also known as Auckland Waitakere Diamonds. Between 1998 and 2007, Diamonds played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Diamonds finished as semi-finalists on four occasions – 1998, 1999, 2005 and 2007. Ahead of the 2008 season, Diamonds merged with Northern Force to form the new ANZ Championship team, Northern Mystics.

Auckland Region
Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but the second-smallest land area.

On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council, replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government.
Almighty Thor
Almighty Thor is a 2011 American superhero television film directed by Christopher Olen Ray. The film, a mockbuster coinciding with the release of the Marvel Studios film Thor, was produced by The Asylum for $200,000. It premiered on the Syfy cable network on May 7, 2011 and was released on DVD on May 10, 2011 in the United States. The film was met with a largely negative response from critics. Loosely inspired by Norse mythology, the film follows the young warrior Thor (Cody Deal) in his battle against Loki (Richard Grieco).

In 2022, The Asylum released a second Thor film titled Thor: God of Thunder.

Richard Grieco
Richard John Grieco Junior. (born March 23, 1965) is an American actor, artist, and former fashion model. He played Detective Dennis Booker in the popular Fox series 21 Jump Street (1988–89) and its spin-off Booker (1989–90). He has also starred in various films, including If Looks Could Kill and Mobsters (both 1991). He has voiced characters in several video games and appeared as either himself or his 21 Jump Street character in several films and television shows. Since 2009, he worked as a painter, working in a style he calls abstract emotionalism.
Gavin Edwards (politician)
Gavin George Edwards is a South African politician who is a Member of the North West Provincial Legislature representing the Democratic Alliance. Previously, he served as a councillor of the JB Marks Local Municipality. He is also a Constituency Head at DA Constituency Area: DASO (Constituency Area)

North West Provincial Legislature
The North West Provincial Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of North West. It is unicameral in its composition, and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the members of the leading party or coalition in the parliament.

At the commencement of the 7th provincial legislature on 14 June 2024, the number of seats allocated to the North West Provincial Legislature increased from 33 to 38.
TCG Büyükada
TCG Büyükada (F-512) is the second ship of the Ada-class ASW corvettes of the Turkish Navy. TCG Büyükada was named after Büyükada Island, which is part of the Prince Islands archipelago in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Istanbul. Its sister ship is TCG Heybeliada.

Designed, developed, and built by the Tuzla (Istanbul) Naval Shipyard as a part of the MILGEM project, it was laid down on 22 January 2008, launched on 27 September 2011, and commissioned on 27 September 2013.

TCG Heybeliada
TCG Heybeliada (F 511) is the lead ship of the Ada-class ASW corvettes of the Turkish Navy. Heybeliada was named after Heybeliada Island, where the Turkish Naval High School is located. Heybeliada Island is part of the Prince Islands archipelago in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Istanbul.
Gysinge
Gysinge is a town in the municipality of Sandviken in the county of Gävleborg, Sweden. There are actually two localities: Gysinge (northern part) with 123 inhabitants and Gysinge (southern part) with 174 inhabitants. The history of Gysinge is closely linked with that of the Gysinge forge (Gysinge bruk). It is also the main entry point to Färnebofjärden National Park, established in 1998.

Sandviken
Sandviken is a locality and the seat of Sandviken Municipality in Gävleborg County, Sweden with 26,438 inhabitants in 2023. It is situated about 25 km west of Gävle and lies approximately 190 km north of Stockholm. The rail journey to Stockholm takes about 1.5 hours and to Arlanda, Sweden's main international airport, around an hour.

Sandviken is the home town of the major high-technology Swedish engineering concern Sandvik and the main office of the company was located in Sandviken until January 2012 when it was moved to Stockholm.
Battle of Brest (1596)
The Battle of Brest (1596) (Croatian: Bitka kod Bresta) was fought on September 19, 1596 between the Ottoman forces of Achmed Hafis Pasha, Beylerbey of Vidin, and the Germanic and Croatian forces led by Ivan Drašković, Ban of Croatia. The battle was a part of the Croatian–Ottoman wars and Ottoman–Habsburg wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy.

Vidin
Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин, pronounced [ˈvidin]) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as of the Metropolitan of Vidin (since 870).

An industrial, agricultural, and trade centre, Vidin has a fertile hinterland renowned for its wines.
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia
Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED) is a rare neurological disorder that belongs to the paroxysmal dyskinesias, a group of rare movement disorders that involve attacks of hyperkinesia with intact consciousness. It is characterized by sudden, transient, involuntary movements, often including repetitive twisting motions and painful posturing triggered by exercise or other physical exertion. The term paroxysmal indicates that the episodes are sudden and short lived and usually unpredicted, and return to normal is rapid. The number of reported cases of people with PED is very small leading to difficulty in studying and classifying this disease and most studies are limited to a very small number of test subjects.

Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".  It is a rare hereditary disease that affects various muscular and nervous systems in the body, passing to roughly fifty percent of the offspring.
The Immediate
The Immediate were an avant-garde Irish rock quartet, based in Malahide, County Dublin. They made a considerable impact on the Irish music scene despite releasing only one album during the span of their association together. The album was In Towers and Clouds (2006). It received primarily positive critical feedback and was nominated for the Choice Music Prize for Irish Album of the Year 2006. Alongside their sole album, several extended plays and singles were also released by the band.

They split suddenly in May 2007, citing "existential differences". The final line-up of the band consisted of David Hedderman (vocals, guitar, bass), Conor O'Brien (vocals, guitar, drums), Peter Toomey (vocals, drums, bass) and Barra Heavey (keys, guitar, bass, drums, backing vocals). The band was known for swapping instruments regularly throughout sets.

Malahide
Malahide (/ˈmæləhaɪd/ MAL-ə-hyde; Irish: Mullach Íde, meaning 'possibly "the [sand]hill of Íde"') is an affluent coastal settlement in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland, situated 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of Dublin city. It has a village centre surrounded by suburban housing estates, with a population of 18,608 as per the 2022 census.

Malahide Castle dates from the 12th century and is surrounded by a large park, part of which incorporates an international cricket ground. The area also features a sandy beach, a marina, a parkrun and a number of sporting clubs.
Dornum
Dornum is a village and a municipality in the East Frisian district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located near the North Sea coast, approx. 15 km east of Norden, and 20 km north of Aurich.

Aurich
Aurich (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊʁɪç] ⓘ; East Frisian Low Saxon: Auerk; Saterland Frisian: Aurk [ˈau̯ɐk]) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund.
The Wedding Banquet (2025 film)
The Wedding Banquet is a 2025 American romantic comedy film directed by Andrew Ahn, and co-written by Ahn and James Schamus. A remake of the 1993 film, the film stars Bowen Yang, Lily Gladstone, Kelly Marie Tran, Han Gi-chan, Joan Chen, and Youn Yuh-jung.

The Wedding Banquet premiered at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival, followed by a theatrical release in the United States on April 18, 2025. It received positive reviews.

Youn Yuh-jung
Youn Yuh-jung (Korean: 윤여정; pronounced [jun jʌdʑʌŋ]; born June 19, 1947) is a South Korean actress. Youn gained attention on Korean television in the late 1960s and rose to prominence with the film Woman of Fire (1971). She retired in the mid-1970s after marrying and immigrating to the United States, but returned to acting in the late 1980s following her divorce. Known as the “Godmother of Chungmu-ro,” Youn's notable films include The Housemaid (2010), The Taste of Money (2012), The Bacchus Lady (2016), Canola (2016), as well as a series of  matriarch roles in TV dramas Men of the Bath House (1995), Be Strong, Geum-soon! (2005), Daughters-in-Law (2007), My Husband Got a Family (2012), and Dear My Friends (2016). She gained international recognition for her role in Minari (2020), becoming the first Korean actress to win a Screen Actors Guild Award, an Independent Spirit Award, a British Academy Film Award, and an Academy Award, all for Best Supporting Actress.
Killing Mary Sue
Killing Mary Sue is an American action film written, directed and edited by James Sunshine. It stars Sierra McCormick, Dermot Mulroney, Sean Patrick Flanery, Jason Mewes, Jake Busey, Martin Kove, French Stewart, Kym Whitley, and Jesse Kove. The film features a corrupt senator who arranges for the murder of his biggest liability, his erratic burnout step-daughter, only for her to unwittingly discover her natural talent as an untouchable killer.  It was released through video on demand on June 13, 2025.

French Stewart
Milton French Stewart (born February 20, 1964), known professionally as French Stewart, is an American actor. He played Harry Solomon on the NBC sitcom 3rd Rock from the Sun, Inspector Gadget in the superhero comedy film Inspector Gadget 2 and Chef Rudy on the CBS sitcom Mom.
Generalized Pareto distribution
In statistics, the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) is a family of continuous probability distributions. It is often used to model the tails of another distribution. It is specified by three parameters: location , scale , and shape . Sometimes it is specified by only scale and shape and sometimes only by its shape parameter. Some references give the shape parameter as .

With shape  and location , the GPD is equivalent to the Pareto distribution with scale  and shape .

Continuous uniform distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the continuous uniform distributions or rectangular distributions are a family of symmetric probability distributions. Such a distribution describes an experiment where there is an arbitrary outcome that lies between certain bounds. The bounds are defined by the parameters,  and  which are the minimum and maximum values. The interval can either be closed (i.e. ) or open (i.e. ). Therefore, the distribution is often abbreviated  where  stands for uniform distribution. The difference between the bounds defines the interval length; all intervals of the same length on the distribution's support are equally probable. It is the maximum entropy probability distribution for a random variable  under no constraint other than that it is contained in the distribution's support.
Bernie Quinlan
Bernard Francis Quinlan (born 21 July 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Footscray Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

One of a handful of players to have won a Brownlow Medal and Coleman Medal, Quinlan was an inaugural inductee in the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996. Renowned for his prodigious long kicking, which earned him the nickname "Superboot", Quinlan played his best football late in his career, earning most of his individual accolades after he had turned 30. He holds the record for the most career games without playing in a Grand Final and is one of five VFL/AFL players (the others being Shaun Burgoyne, Heath Shaw, Lance Franklin and Patrick Dangerfield) to have played 150 or more games at two separate clubs.

Brownlow Medal
The Charles Brownlow Trophy, better known as the Brownlow Medal (and informally as Charlie), is awarded to the best and fairest player in the Australian Football League (AFL) during the home-and-away season, as determined by votes cast by the four officiating field umpires after each game. It is the most prestigious award for individual players in the AFL.

The medal was first awarded by the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was created and named in honour of Charles Brownlow, a former Geelong Football Club footballer (1880–1891) and club secretary (1885–1923), and VFL president (1918–19), who had died in January 1924 after an extended illness.
1863–1875 cholera pandemic
The fourth cholera pandemic of the 19th century began in the Ganges Delta of the Bengal region and traveled with Muslim pilgrims to Mecca. In its first year, the epidemic claimed 30,000 of 90,000 pilgrims. Cholera spread throughout the Middle East and was carried to the Russian Empire, Europe, Africa, and North America, in each case spreading via travelers from port cities and along inland waterways.

In 1866, there was a localized epidemic in the East End of London, primarily because the local section of the London sewerage system was still under construction and this region of London was experiencing overcrowding. The 1870s North American cholera outbreak spread from New Orleans via passengers along the Mississippi River and to ports on its tributaries.

Overcrowding
Overcrowding or crowding is the condition where more people are located within a given space than is considered tolerable from a safety and health perspective.  Safety and health perspectives depend on current environments and on local cultural norms. Overcrowding may arise temporarily or regularly, in the home, in public spaces or on public transport. Overcrowding in the home can cause particular concern, since the home is an individual's place of shelter.

Effects on quality of life due to crowding may include increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy and poor hygiene practices.
While population density offers an objective measure of the number of people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people's psychological response to density. However, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for administrative purposes depend on density measures and do not usually incorporate people's perceptions of crowding.