hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forrester Cockburn
Forrester Cockburn CBE FRSE  (born 13 October 1934) is a British Paediatrician and emeritus professor at the University of Glasgow. Cockburn is most notable for conducting research into fetal/neonatal nutrition and brain biochemistry, inherited metabolic diseases and Pediatric ethics. Cockburn was awarded the prestigious James Spence Medal in 1998.

James Holmes Hutchison
James Holmes Hutchison CBE FRSE (born 16 April 1912 – died 27 December 1987) was a Scottish paediatrician and Samson Gemmell Professor of Child Heath at Glasgow University from 1961 to 1977. From 1977 onwards he was professor of child health at the University of Hong Kong. Friends knew him as Jim Hutchison.

The book Hutchison's Paediatrics was named in his honour in 2012.
Swashbuckle (band)
Swashbuckle is an American pirate metal/thrash metal band based in Plainsboro, New Jersey. They were formerly signed to Nuclear Blast Records. Formed in 2005, the band is known for its pirate image and humorous stage performances.

Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.
Liberation Day (Syria)
Liberation Day (Arabic: يوم التحرير) is a public holiday in Syria, celebrated on 8 December to mark the fall of the Ba'athist regime and the end of the Assad family’s rule, which began in 1971 when Hafez al-Assad seized power and was succeeded by his son Bashar al-Assad in 2000. The holiday was established in October 2025 following a decree by President Ahmed al-Sharaa.

1970 Syrian coup d'etat
The 1970 Syrian coup d'etat, also called the Corrective Revolution (Arabic: ثورة التصحيح, romanized: Thawrat al-Tashih) or the Corrective Movement (Arabic: الحركة التصحيحية, romanized: al-Ḥarakah at-Taṣḥīḥīyya), was a bloodless military coup d'état led by General Hafez al-Assad on 13 November 1970 in Syria. Assad promised to sustain and improve the "nationalist socialist line" of the state and the Ba'ath Party. The Ba'ath party adopted an ideological revision, absolving itself of Salah Jadid's doctrine of exporting revolutions. The new doctrine placed emphasis on defeating Israel, by developing the Syrian military with the support of the Soviet Union.

Assad would rule Ba'athist Syria until his death in 2000, after which he was succeeded by his son Bashar al-Assad who in turn ruled until the collapse of his regime in December 2024.
Soot
Soot (/sʊt/ suut) is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Soot is considered a hazardous substance with carcinogenic properties. Most broadly, the term includes all the particulate matter produced by this process, including black carbon and residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke classified as cokes or char. It can include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals like mercury.

Soot causes various types of cancer and lung disease.

Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis (/paɪˈrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  πῦρ (pûr) 'fire' and  λύσις (lúsis) 'separation') is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen.
Computable Document Format
Computable Document Format (CDF) is an electronic document format designed to allow authoring dynamically generated, interactive content. CDF was created by Wolfram Research, and CDF files can be created using Mathematica. As of 2021, the Wolfram Research website lists CDF as a "legacy" format; it has been replaced by Wolfram Computational Notebooks.

Wolfram Mathematica
Wolfram Mathematica (also known as Mathematica) is a software system with built-in libraries for several areas of technical computing that allows machine learning, statistics, symbolic computation, data manipulation, network analysis, time series analysis, NLP, optimization, plotting functions and various types of data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other programming languages. It was conceived by Stephen Wolfram, and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign, Illinois. The Wolfram Language is the programming language used in Mathematica. Mathematica 1.0 was released on June 23, 1988 in Champaign, Illinois and Santa Clara, California. Mathematica's Wolfram Language is fundamentally based on Lisp; for example, the Mathematica command Most is identically equal to the Lisp command butlast.
State Office Block (Sydney)
The State Office Block was a landmark modernist skyscraper complex on a block bounded by Phillip, Bent and Macquarie streets in the Sydney central business district. Completed in 1965 and designed in the modernist International style by Ken Woolley from the NSW Government Architect's Office, the 128-metre-high building (known colloquially as the "Black Stump") took the title of the tallest building in Australia from the nearby AMP Building until 1967, the 170 metre Australia Square tower was completed. Designed to hold offices of the NSW Government, including the cabinet and the Premier's office, the State Office Block was demolished in 1997 to make way Aurora Place.

Macquarie Street, Sydney
Macquarie Street is a street in the central business district of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. Macquarie Street extends from Hyde Park at its southern end to the Sydney Opera House at its northern end. Apart from connecting these two major landmarks, the key government institutions of the state of New South Wales are all located on this street.
Benda House
The Benda House is a building in the Riverside Historic District in Illinois that is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural merit. Designed by architect Winston Elting in 1938, it is notable for blending European-inspired modernism with American organicism, reflecting the architectural landscape of its era.

Riverside Historic District (Riverside, Illinois)
The Riverside Historic District, also known as Riverside Landscape Architecture District, encompasses what is arguably one of the first planned suburbs in the United States. The district encompasses the majority of the village of Riverside, Illinois, a suburb just west of Chicago. It was planned and designed by Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted and features a number of architecturally distinguished buildings.
Jo Hye-joo
Jo Hye-joo (Korean: 조혜주; born April 18, 1995) is a South Korean actress and model. She began her acting career with the 2017 film Wedding. She is best known for her roles in Search: WWW (2019) and the coming of age television series A Love So Beautiful (2020).

Coming-of-age story
In genre studies, a coming-of-age story is a genre of literature, theatre, film, and video game that focuses on the growth of a protagonist from childhood to adulthood, or "coming of age". Coming-of-age stories tend to emphasize dialogue or internal monologue over action and are often set in the past. The subjects of coming-of-age stories are typically teenagers. The Bildungsroman is a specific subgenre of coming-of-age story.

The plot points of coming-of-age stories are usually emotional changes within the character(s) in question.
USS Worcester (1866)
USS Worcester was a Contoocook-class frigate of the United States Navy. She was laid down as Manitou during the American Civil War to deter British intervention in 1864, although timber shortages and a rushed construction delayed progress. Her first name, after a Native American term, was replaced by the more Anglo-sounding one as part of a new naming system. Renamed and launched in 1869, her design was criticized and unseasoned wood limited her service life. While intended as a sloop, modifications while under construction enlarged her armament and converted her into a frigate. She was rushed into service to carry humanitarian aid to France during the Franco-Prussian War, although most of the food did not reach where it was needed most. After the voyage, she served as the flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron between 1872 and 1875 before she was decommissioned the next year. By 1881, she was reduced to a hulk and condemned due to a rotted hull and sold off in 1883.

Contoocook-class sloop
The Contoocook-class was a series of screw sloops operated by the United States Navy following the American Civil War. The ships were designed during the war to serve in a post-war Navy, and were intended to operate as commerce raiders as an economic disincentive to European powers planning a future war. However, they suffered from poor construction quality and had a brief service life during peacetime as the Navy lost funding. Despite an initial ten ships planned, only four were launched and were all decommissioned after a decade in service.
Tor functor
In mathematics, the Tor functors are the derived functors of the tensor product of modules over a ring. Along with the Ext functor, Tor is one of the central concepts of homological algebra, in which ideas from algebraic topology are used to construct invariants of algebraic structures. The homology of groups, Lie algebras, and associative algebras can all be defined in terms of Tor. The name comes from a relation between the first Tor group Tor1 and the torsion subgroup of an abelian group.

In the special case of abelian groups, Tor was introduced by Eduard Čech in 1935 and named by Samuel Eilenberg around 1950. It was first applied to the Künneth theorem and universal coefficient theorem in topology. For modules over any ring, Ext was defined by Henri Cartan and Eilenberg in 1956.

Eduard Čech
Eduard Čech  (Czech: [ˈɛduart ˈtʃɛx]; 29 June 1893 – 15 March 1960) was a Czech mathematician. His research interests included projective differential geometry and topology. He is especially known for the technique known as Stone–Čech compactification (in topology) and the notion of Čech cohomology. He was the first to publish a proof of Tychonoff's theorem in 1937.
Sarah Parcak
Sarah Helen Parcak (born 1978) is an American archaeologist and Egyptologist, who has used satellite imagery to identify potential archaeological sites in Egypt, Rome, and elsewhere in the former Roman Empire. She is a professor of Anthropology and director of the Laboratory for Global Observation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In partnership with her husband, Greg Mumford, she directs survey and excavation projects in the Faiyum, Sinai, and Egypt's East Delta.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
The Chosen Adventures
The Chosen Adventures is an American animated Christian children's television series created by filmmaker Dallas Jenkins. It is an animated spinoff of the live-action Christian historical drama television series The Chosen. The series is the first in a series of Bible-inspired stories that is co-produced by Amazon MGM Studios and Jenkins' company 5&2 Studios. The series depicts the life of Jesus through the eyes of two children named Abby and Joshua. The voice cast includes Jonathan Roumie as Jesus, Romy Fay as Abby, Paul Walter Hauser as Sheep, Elizabeth Tabish as Mary Magdalene, Yvonne Orji as Pigeon, Danny Nuci as Abba and Jordin Sparks as Fish. The series was directed by Keith Alcorn, and released on Amazon Prime Video on October 17, 2025.

Dallas Jenkins
Dallas Jenkins (born July 25, 1975) is an American film and television director, writer and producer. He is best known as the creator, director, co-writer and executive producer of The Chosen, the first multi-season series about the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Jenkins' career is focused on Christian media.
Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg
The Diocese of Johannesburg is a non-metropolitan diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. It was formed in 1922 from the southern part of the Diocese of Pretoria, and at that time included the whole of the southern Transvaal. Today it is much smaller, and comprises the central part of Gauteng province. The cathedral of the Diocese of Johannesburg is the Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin. The headquarters of the diocese and the bishop's office are situated at St Joseph's Diocesan Centre in Sophiatown, Johannesburg. The diocese oversees St John's College, Johannesburg, St Mary's School, Waverley, Bishop Bavin School (former), St Peter's College, Johannesburg and  Vuleka Schools. The diocese has a total of 76 parishes

St John's College (Johannesburg)
St John's College is a private Anglican day and boarding school situated in Houghton Estate in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was founded in 1898, by Rev. John Darragh, and comprises five schools: College, Preparatory, Pre-Preparatory and The Bridge Nursery, as well as a co-educational sixth form. St John's College is a member of the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa.
Terence Óg MacDonagh
Terence MacDonagh of Creevagh, Co. Sligo (c. 1640–1713), known as the ‘Counsellor MacDonagh’, ‘Turlough Óg’ or ‘Tirlough Caoch’, was a Catholic Irish landowner, soldier, poet, Jacobite, Member of Parliament, and barrister.

County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.
Theo Albrecht Jr.
Theodor "Theo" Albrecht Jr. (born 1950) is a German billionaire businessman, the owner of Trader Joe's and Aldi Nord, and the son of Aldi's co-founder. As of July 2021, Albrecht's net worth is estimated at US$20.6 billion.

Aldi
Aldi (German pronunciation: [ˈaldiː] ⓘ, stylized in all caps) is the common company brand name of two German multinational family-owned discount supermarket chains operating over 13,500 stores in 18 countries. The chain was founded by brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946, when they took over their mother's store in Essen. The business was split into two separate groups in 1960 that later became Aldi Nord (initially Northern West Germany), headquartered in Essen, and Aldi Süd (initially Southern West Germany), headquartered in neighbouring Mülheim.

In 1962, they introduced the name Aldi (a syllabic abbreviation for "Albrecht Diskont"). In Germany, Aldi Nord and Aldi Süd have been financially and legally separate since 1966, although both divisions' names may appear as if they were a single enterprise with certain store brands or when negotiating with contractor companies.

Aldi is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Lidl in several markets.
Tobiads
The Tobiads were a Jewish dynasty in Ammon with origins possibly rooted in the First Temple Period, both literary and archaeological evidence point to their prominence during the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty and at the beginning of the Hasmonean period. They were philhellene, supporters of Hellenistic Judaism, in the early years of the 2nd century BCE.

What is known about the Tobiads is a combination of references in the Zenon Papyri, accounts of Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews xii. 160-236) and the Books of Maccabees. These are supplemented by biblical references, the letters from Nimrud, the Lachish letters, and archaeological remains of the Tobiad estate in Iraq al-Amir.

Nimrud Letters
The Nimrud Letters are an archive of 244 Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian cuneiform letters found at Nimrud in 1952 during the excavations led by Max Mallowan of the British School of Archaeology. The letters were published by H. W. F. Saggs.

The majority of the tablets were found in Room ZT 4, where ZT stands for Z[iggurat]T[errace].

105 tablets (99 Neo-Assyrian and 6 Neo-Babylonian) were first published between 1955 and 1974 in the journal Iraq (vols. 17–36), and the remaining 139 were published in 2001 in Saggs' book The Nimrud Letters, 1952.
Mittelstrimmig
Mittelstrimmig is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Zell, whose seat is in the municipality of Zell an der Mosel.

Cochem-Zell
Cochem-Zell (German: Landkreis Cochem-Zell) is a district (Kreis) in the north-west of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Mayen-Koblenz, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bernkastel-Wittlich, and Vulkaneifel.
Gary Desir
Gary V. Desir is a physician, researcher and medical practitioner who was appointed as the vice provost for faculty development and diversity at Yale University in March 2020. Desir is also the chair of the department of internal medicine at Yale School of Medicine, and was formerly the chair of the Yale Medicine Board. His areas of specialization include nephrology and molecular physiology, the latter specifically about potassium channels. His notable research work includes discovery of the kidney protein renalase.

Yale School of Medicine
The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest medical school in the United States.

The school’s faculty clinical practice is Yale Medicine. Yale School of Medicine has a strong affiliation with its primary teaching hospital, Yale New Haven Hospital and the Yale New Haven Health System. The school is home to the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, which is one of the country’s largest modern medical libraries and is known for its historical collections.

For the class of 2028, the school received 5,669 applications to fill 104 seats in the MD Program. This puts the acceptance rate at about 1.6%. The median GPA for the class was 3.94, and the median MCAT score was 521.
Kentucky Democratic Party
The Kentucky Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is currently the minority party in the state, as the rival Republican Party of Kentucky overwhelmingly dominates in the state legislature, congressional delegation, and presidential elections. However, the party does currently control the governorship and lieutenant governorship, and maintains some strength in local elections.

Historically, the Democratic Party dominated in Kentucky, particularly in state elections, and led in party registration as recently as 2022; even today, a sizable 43.6% of voters are registered Democrats. However, this metric obscures the fact that a large number of registered Democrats in the commonwealth routinely vote Republican. This has been attributed to the fact that Kentucky is contained within the Bible Belt, with many of these voters holding socially conservative views.

Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky
The lieutenant governor of Kentucky was created under the state's second constitution, which was ratified in 1799. The inaugural officeholder was Alexander Scott Bullitt, who took office in 1800 following his election to serve under James Garrard in 1799. The lieutenant governor becomes governor of Kentucky under circumstances similar to those under which the vice president of the United States assumes the presidency. The current lieutenant governor is Democrat Jacqueline Coleman, who has been office since December 10, 2019.
I*
i* (pronounced "i star") or i* framework is a modeling language suitable for an early phase of system modeling in order to understand the problem domain. i* modeling language allows to model both as-is and to-be situations. The name i* refers to the notion of distributed intentionality which underlines the framework. It is an approach originally developed for modelling and reasoning about organizational environments and their information systems composed of heterogeneous actors with different, often competing, goals that depend on each other to undertake their tasks and achieve these goals. It covers both actor-oriented and goal modeling. i* models answer the question WHO and WHY, not what.

In contrast, the UML use case approach covers only functional goals, with actors directly involved in operations (typically with software). The KAOS approach covers goals of all types but is less concerned with the intentionality of actors.

Actor model
The actor model in computer science is a mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats an actor as the basic building block of concurrent computation. In response to a message it receives, an actor can: make local decisions, create more actors, send more messages, and determine how to respond to the next message received. Actors may modify their own private state, but can only affect each other indirectly through messaging (removing the need for lock-based synchronization).

The actor model originated in 1973. It has been used both as a framework for a theoretical understanding of computation and as the theoretical basis for several practical implementations of concurrent systems. The relationship of the model to other work is discussed in actor model and process calculi.
Saschiz
Saschiz (German: Keisd or Hünenburg; Hungarian: Szászkézd, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsaːskeːzd]; Transylvanian Saxon: Keist) is a commune in Mureș County, Transylvania, central Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cloașterf (Klosdorf; Miklóstelke), Mihai Viteazu (Zoltan until 1932; Zoltendorf; Zoltán), and Saschiz.

Saschiz, with its 15th-century church, has been the home of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, since its designation in 1999.

Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania
The "Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania" UNESCO World Heritage Site consists of seven villages (six Saxon and one Székely) chosen from among over 150 such structures surviving in the Transylvania region of Romania. They are dominated by fortified churches and characterized by a specific settlement pattern that has been preserved since the Late Middle Ages.

Transylvania has one of the highest concentrations of fortified churches that survive from the 13th to 16th centuries. Of the original 300, more than 150 well preserved fortified churches are surviving until today, displaying a great variety of architectural styles. Seven from among them, representing various types, have been selected by the World Heritage Committee and listed as a World Heritage Site.