hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Communist Youth Union (Brazil)
The Communist Youth Union (in Portuguese: União da Juventude Comunista, UJC) is a Brazilian political organization officially founded in 1927, serving as the youth wing of the Brazilian Communist Party. Initially called the Communist Youth (Juventude Comunista), the UJC was the main youth organization responsible for the creation of the National Union of Students (UNE) in December 1938. The organization operates both within the student movement (currently part of the left-wing opposition within UNE) and among young workers, positioning itself against the policy of class collaboration. A member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, the UJC defines itself as a school for cadres and for political training based theoretically on Marxism-Leninism.

World Federation of Democratic Youth
The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist. WFDY was founded in London, United Kingdom, in 1945 as a broad international youth movement, organized in the context of the end of World War II with the aim of uniting youth from the Allies behind an anti-fascist platform that was broadly pro-peace, anti-nuclear war, expressing friendship between youth of the capitalist and socialist nations. The Federation was mostly sponsored and influenced by the Soviet Union and the organization mostly united youths from the Eastern Bloc and Non-Aligned nations. The WFDY Headquarters are in Budapest, Hungary. The main event of WFDY is the World Festival of Youth and Students. The last festival was held in Sochi, Russia, in October 2017. It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Winslow Bullen
Winslow Bullen (April 27, 1826 – October 17, 1909) was an American farmer, Republican politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing southeast Columbia County during the 1870 term.  He was one of the founders of Arlington, Wisconsin.

Columbia County, Wisconsin
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,490. Its county seat and largest city is Portage. The county was created in 1846 as part of Wisconsin Territory. Columbia County is part of the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Madison-Janesville-Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Thomas F. McGowan
Thomas F. McGowan (August 11, 1925 – July 23, 1997) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist from New York who served as a member of the New York State Senate from 1966 to 1974. He was later a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1974 to 1990.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
Tatterhood
Tatterhood (Norwegian: Lurvehette) is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe.

It is Aarne–Thompson type 711, the beautiful and the ugly twin.  This tale type is quite common in Norway and Iceland and very rare elsewhere.

A version of the tale also appears in A Book of Witches and A Choice of Magic, by Ruth Manning-Sanders.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Conservation and restoration of time-based media art
The conservation and restoration of time-based media art is the practice of preserving time-based works of art. Preserving time-based media is a complex undertaking within the field of conservation that requires an understanding of both physical and digital conservation methods. It is the job of the conservator to evaluate possible changes made to the artwork over time. These changes could include short, medium, and long-term effects caused by the environment, exhibition-design, technicians, preferences, or technological development. The approach to each work is determined through various conservation and preservation strategies, continuous education and training, and resources available from institutions and organization across the globe.

Conservation and restoration of new media art
The conservation and restoration of new media art is the study and practice of techniques for sustaining new media art created using from materials such as digital, biological, performative, and other variable media.

New media art runs a unique risk when it comes to longevity that has resulted in the development of new and different preservation and restoration strategies and tools.

To preserve and restore these pieces of new media art, there are a variety of strategies including storage, migration, emulation, and reinterpretation. There are even more tools used to implement these strategies including Archivematica, BitCurator, Conifer, Media Info, PRONOM, QC Tools, and the Variable Media Questionnaire. The common metadata schema used for new media art is Media Art Notation System (MANS). Despite the name "new media art", there is a diverse history of preservation and restoration efforts including both individual efforts and consortium efforts.
Minnesota State Highway 222
Minnesota State Highway 222 (MN 222) was a short 1.474-mile-long (2.372 km) highway in northwest Minnesota, which ran from its intersection with State Highway 92 in Lambert Township of Red Lake County and continued north to its northern terminus at its intersection with Red Lake County State-Aid Highway 5 in Oklee.  The route is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in length. It was turned over to county control and is now part of Red Lake County State-Aid Highway 5.

Minnesota State Highway 92
Minnesota State Highway 92 (MN 92) is a 71.526-mile-long (115.110 km) highway in northwest Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with State Highway 32 in Lake Pleasant Township near Red Lake Falls and continues east and then south to its eastern terminus at its intersection with State Highway 200 at Zerkel, south of the city of Bagley.
Lucius Curtis
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Lucius Curtis, 2nd Baronet, KCB (3 June 1786 – 14 January 1869) was a Royal Navy officer. The son of Roger Curtis, Lord Howe's flag captain at the Glorious First of June, Curtis served in the Napoleonic Wars. During the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811, he commanded the frigate HMS Magicienne as part of a blockade squadron under Josias Rowley and was still in command when the ship was destroyed at the Battle of Grand Port. Magicienne grounded on a coral reef early in the engagement and despite the best efforts of Curtis and his crew, the ship had to be abandoned, and was set on fire to prevent her subsequent capture.

After Curtis was freed from French captivity in December 1810, he was cleared of any wrongdoing in the loss of his ship and returned to his naval career. Curtis later rose to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. As his eldest son predeceased him, the baronetcy in 1869 passed to his second son, Arthur.

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)
Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.  Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.
Business model pattern
Business model patterns are reusable business model architectural components, which can be used in generating a new business model. In the process of new business model generation, the business model innovator can use one or more of these patterns to creating a new business model. Each of these patterns has similarities in characteristics, business model building blocks arrangements and behaviors. Alexander Osterwalder call these similarities the "business model pattern".

"Innovation, entrepreneurship and disruption are not about creative genius",

says A. Osterwalder explaining the need for business model patterns.

Given the goal of reducing costs of the complex software development, it is necessary to use ready-made unified solutions. The pattern facilitates communication between developers via referring to well-known constructions and reduces the number of errors.

Business model
A business model describes how a business organization creates, delivers, and captures value, in economic, social, cultural or other contexts. The model describes the specific way in which the business conducts itself, spends, and earns money in a way that generates profit. The process of business model construction and modification is also called business model innovation and forms a part of business strategy.

In theory and practice, the term business model is used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of an organization or business, including purpose, business process, target customers, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, profit structures, sourcing, trading practices, and operational processes and policies including culture.
Caguana Ceremonial Ball Courts Site
The Caguana Ceremonial Ball Courts Site (often referred to as Caguana Site) is an archaeological site located in Caguana, Utuado in Puerto Rico, considered to be one of the largest and most important Pre-Columbian sites in the West Indies. The site is known for its well-preserved ceremonial ball courts and petroglyph-carved monoliths. Studies estimate the in-situ courts to be over 700 years old, built by the Taíno around 1270 AD.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Nicolás Maduro Guerra
Nicolás Ernesto Maduro Guerra (born 21 June 1990), also referred to as Nicolás Maduro Jr., Maduro Jr., or Nicolasito, is a Venezuelan politician and economist and the son of the President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro. Maduro Jr. has served as a deputy in the Venezuelan National Assembly in the V Legislature for the state of La Guaira since 2021, the unicameral legislative body of Venezuela. He was previously a member of the National Constituent Assembly between 2017 and 2020. He is a leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV).

He served as head of the Corps of Special Inspectors of the Presidency and Coordinator of the National Film School of Venezuela, appointed by his father. Maduro Jr. also served in 2014 as the delegate of El Valle Capital District to the United Socialist Party of Venezuela party congress.

He has been charged in the United States for alleged drug trafficking, which he denies.

United Socialist Party of Venezuela
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV, [peˈsuβ, peˈsuβe]) is a socialist political party and the ruling party of Venezuela. It was formed in 2007 from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivarian Revolution begun by President Hugo Chávez. At the 2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election, PSUV lost its majority in the National Assembly for the first time since the unicameral legislature's creation in 2000 against the Democratic Unity Roundtable, winning 55 out of the National Assembly's 167 seats. In the 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election, amid a widespread opposition boycott, they won back a supermajority of the chamber.
*-algebra
In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, a *-algebra (or involutive algebra; read as "star-algebra") is a mathematical structure consisting of two involutive rings R and A, where R is commutative and A has the structure of an associative algebra over R. Involutive algebras generalize the idea of a number system equipped with conjugation, for example the complex numbers and complex conjugation, matrices over the complex numbers and conjugate transpose, and linear operators over a Hilbert space and Hermitian adjoints.
However, it may happen that an algebra admits no involution.

Hermitian adjoint
In mathematics, specifically in operator theory, each linear operator  on an inner product space defines a Hermitian adjoint (or adjoint) operator  on that space according to the rule

where  is the inner product on the vector space.

The adjoint may also be called the Hermitian conjugate or simply the Hermitian after Charles Hermite.  It is often denoted by A† in fields like physics, especially when used in conjunction with bra–ket notation in quantum mechanics.  In finite dimensions where operators can be represented by matrices, the Hermitian adjoint is given by the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose).

The above definition of an adjoint operator extends verbatim to bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces .  The definition has been further extended to include unbounded densely defined operators, whose domain is topologically dense in, but not necessarily equal to,
No Bears
No Bears (Persian: خرس نیست, romanized: Khers Nist, lit. 'There are no bears') is a 2022 Iranian drama film written, directed and produced by Jafar Panahi. The film was shot secretly in Iran and stars Panahi, Naser Hashemi, Vahid Mobasri, Bakhtiar Panjei and Mina Kavani. Production wrapped up in May 2022.

No Bears premiered at the 79th Venice Film Festival in competition for the Golden Lion, without the presence of the director, who has been arrested and sentenced to 6 years prison in Iran, prior to the film's release. The film is distributed by Celluloid Dreams. It won the Special Jury Prize at the Venice Film Festival in September 2022, and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics.

Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Special Jury Prize is an official award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 2013. It is considered the third most prestigious prize at the festival, the runner-up to both the main award Golden Lion and the second place award Grand Jury Prize.

Philip Gröning was the first winner for The Police Officer's Wife in 2013.
Samuel Street
Samuel Street (January 2, 1753 – February 3, 1815) was a Canadian judge, merchant and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Wilton, Connecticut and traded with indigenous people during the American Revolution. He moved to Fort Niagara and opened a business to provide supplies to the British and later trade with indigenous people and the Indian Department. He was also a land speculator for the Niagara area. In 1796 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada in the constituency of the 2nd riding of Lincoln and became speaker of the legislature in 1800. He lost his subsequent campaign for reelection but was elected to the constituency of the 3rd riding of Lincoln in 1808 and was elected again to become the speaker. During the War of 1812 he became a paymaster for Oxford and Lincoln militias and was appointed as acting deputy paymaster for the British militia. He died in Thorold, Upper Canada.

Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada was the elected part of the legislature for the province of Upper Canada, functioning as the lower house in the Parliament of Upper Canada.  Its legislative power was subject to veto by the appointed Lieutenant Governor, Executive Council, and Legislative Council.

The first elections in Upper Canada, in which only land-owning males were permitted to vote, were held in August 1792.

The first session of the Assembly's sixteen members was held in Newark, Upper Canada (today's Niagara-on-the-Lake) on 17 September 1792. The Assembly was dissolved in 1796 and reconvened for twelve more sessions between 1797 and 1840 in modest buildings in York, the new capital of Upper Canada. Members continued to be elected by land-owning males to represent counties and the larger towns.

During the War of 1812, U.S. troops won the Battle of York and burned down the government buildings.
Lorna Eden
Lorna Eden is a Fijian politician and former Assistant Minister and Member of the Parliament of Fiji.

Eden is a board member of the Fiji Hotel and Tourism Association and the owner of the Savusavu Hotsprings Hotel.

Eden was elected to Parliament in the 2014 election, receiving 1,869 votes. She was appointed Assistant Minister for Finance, Public Service, Public Enterprise and Trade and Tourism.  She was not selected by FijiFirst as a candidate for the 2018 election.

Parliament of Fiji
18°08′45″S 178°25′28″E﻿ / ﻿18.145858°S 178.424413°E﻿ / -18.145858; 178.424413

The Parliament of the Republic of Fiji is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Fiji. It consists of 55 members elected every 4 years using open list proportional representation in one multi-member nationwide constituency.
Erlenmeyer
The word Erlenmeyer may mean:

Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), German chemist

Erlenmeyer flask, conical glassware invented by Richard Erlenmeyer

The bony deformity named Deformity type Erlenmeyer flask because of  the similarity to the shape of the flask

Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (1864–1921), son of R. A. C. E. Erlenmeyer

Erlenmeyer Rule proposed by R. A. C. E. Erlenmeyer

"The Erlenmeyer Flask", an episode of the television series The X-Files

Emil Erlenmeyer
Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 1825 – 22 January 1909), known simply as Emil Erlenmeyer, was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of chemical structure and formulating the Erlenmeyer rule. He also designed the Erlenmeyer flask, a specialized apparatus ubiquitous in chemistry laboratories, which is named after him.
Conus vidua
Conus vidua, common name the vidua cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails, cone shells or cones.

These snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of stinging humans.

Subspecies

Conus vidua cuyoensis Lorenz & Barbier, 2012

Conus vidua vidua Reeve, 1843

Forma and varieties brought into synonymy

Conus vidua f. mozoii L. S. Melvin, 1980: synonym of Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792

Conus vidua var. azona Wils, 1972: synonym of Conus thalassiarchus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834

Conus vidua var. depriesteri Wils, 1972: synonym of Conus thalassiarchus G. B. Sowerby I, 1834

Conus thalassiarchus
Conus thalassiarchus, common name the bough cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.

Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of stinging humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.
Edmund Greacen
Edmund William Greacen (1876–1949) was an American Impressionist painter. His active career extended from 1905 to 1935, during which he created many colorful works in oil on canvas and board. One of his works, a reproduction of which is at the Smithsonian Institution, was awarded the Salmagundi Club's Samuel T. Shaw Prize in 1922.  In addition to his work as an artist, Greacen also founded, ran and taught in New York City's Grand Central School of Art for more than 20 years.

American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors with a wide array of subject matters but focusing on landscapes and upper-class domestic life.
PAdES
PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signatures) is a set of restrictions and extensions to PDF and ISO 32000-1 making it suitable for advanced electronic signatures (AdES).  This is published by ETSI as EN 319 142.

European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services.
St. Louis Union Station
St. Louis Union Station is a National Historic Landmark and former train station in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. At its 1894 opening, the station was the largest in the world. Traffic peaked at 100,000 people a day in the 1940s. The last Amtrak passenger train left the station in 1978.

In the 1980s, it was renovated as a hotel, shopping center, and entertainment complex. The 2010s and 2020s saw more renovation and expansion of entertainment and office capacity. The current hotel portion of the station is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

An adjacent station serves the light-rail MetroLink Red and Blue Lines, which run under the station in the Union Station subway tunnel. The city's intercity train station sits 1⁄4 mile (400 m) to the south, serving MetroLink, Amtrak, and Greyhound Bus.

Greyhound Lines
Greyhound Lines, Inc. is an American operator of intercity bus services. Greyhound operates the largest intercity bus network in the United States, and also operates charter and Amtrak Thruway services, as well as intercity buses in Mexico. Based in Dallas, Texas, Greyhound is a subsidiary of Flix SE, owner of FlixBus. Greyhound serves over 1,600 American destinations. The company's first route began in Hibbing, Minnesota, in 1914 and the company adopted the Greyhound name in 1929.
5th Battalion, 10th Marines
5th Battalion 10th Marines (5/10) was a US artillery battalion comprising three firing batteries and a headquarters battery. The battalion was stationed at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, USA and its primary weapon system was the M777A2 howitzer, with a maximum effective range of 30 km. They fell under the command of the 10th Marine Regiment and the 2nd Marine Division. The battalion was known by its nickname of, "The Five and Dime."

2nd Marine Division
The 2nd Marine Division (2nd MARDIV) is a division of the United States Marine Corps, which forms the ground combat element of the II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF). The division is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and headquartered at Julian C. Smith Hall.

The 2nd Marine Division earned renown in World War II, distinguishing itself at Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, Tinian, and Okinawa.