hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scatter plot
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
The data are displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.

Bar chart
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.  A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart and has been identified as the prototype of charts.

A bar graph shows comparisons among discrete categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a measured value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered or stacked in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than one measured variable.
Chris Graham (boxer)
Clifford "Chris" J. Graham (18 March 1900 – 24 May 1986) was a Canadian boxer, born in Toronto, who competed in the 1920s. As a bantamweight, he won the silver medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics, losing to Clarence Walker in the final. Four years later in Paris, he once again represented his native country at the Summer Olympics. This time he was eliminated in the second round of the lightweight class after losing his fight to Ben Rothwell. Graham was affiliated with Riverside Athletic Club of Toronto.

Ben Rothwell (boxer)
Benjamin "Ben" Rothwell, Jr. (September 14, 1902 – December 14, 1979) was an American boxer who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born in West Point, Virginia and died in Short Hills, New Jersey. In 1924 he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the lightweight class after losing his fight to the eventual silver medalist Alfredo Copello of Argentina.
Utah State Route 117
State Route 117 (SR-117) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah, connecting Wales and Mount Pleasant in Sanpete County. Running for 12.19 miles (19.62 km) as a two-lane highway, the road was originally placed under state jurisdiction in 1935 (as SR-30), but renumbered to its current designation in 1966.

Sanpete County, Utah
Sanpete County (/sænˈpiːt/ san-PEET) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 28,437. Its county seat is Manti, and its largest city is Ephraim. The county was created in 1850.
George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield
General George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield, KB, PC (25 December 1717 – 6 July 1790) was a British Army officer who served as the governor of Gibraltar from 1779 to 1790. Eliott rose to distinction during the Seven Years' War when he fought in Germany and participated in the capture of Belle Île and siege of Havana. He is most notable for his command of the Gibraltar garrison during the Great Siege of Gibraltar, which lasted from 1779 to 1783, during the American War of Independence. He was celebrated for his successful defence of the fortress and decisive defeat of Spanish and French attackers.

Capture of Belle Île
The capture of Belle Île was a British amphibious expedition to capture the French island of Belle Île off the Brittany coast in 1761, during the Seven Years' War. After an initial British attack was repulsed, a second attempt under General Studholme Hodgson forced a beachhead.  A second landing was made, and after a six-week siege the island's main citadel at Le Palais was stormed, consolidating British control of the island. A French relief effort from the nearby mainland was unable to succeed because of British control of the sea. The British occupied the island for two years before returning it in 1763 following the Treaty of Paris.
Bojana Novakovic
Bojana Novakovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Бојана Новаковић, Serbian: Bojana Novaković) (born 17 November 1981) is an Australian actress. She is known for starring in the police procedural television series Instinct (2018–2019). In film, she has appeared in Drag Me to Hell (2009), Edge of Darkness (2010), Devil (2010), Generation Um... (2012), The Little Death (2014), I, Tonya (2017) and Birds of Prey (2020).

Edge of Darkness (2010 film)
Edge of Darkness is a 2010 conspiracy crime thriller film directed by Martin Campbell, written by William Monahan and Andrew Bovell, and starring Mel Gibson and Ray Winstone. A British-American co-production, it is based on the 1985 BBC television series of the same name, which was likewise directed by Campbell. This was Gibson's first screen lead since Signs (2002), and follows a detective investigating the murder of his activist daughter, while uncovering political conspiracies and cover-ups in the process.  It was released on 29 January 2010. It received mixed reviews from critics, though Gibson's and Winstone's performances were praised, and grossed $81 million against its $80 million production budget which made it a box-office bomb.
1390 Abastumani
1390 Abastumani (prov. designation: 1935 TA) is a very large and dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 October 1935, by Russian astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The primitive P-type asteroid has a rotation period of 17.1 hours and measures approximately 101 kilometers (63 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Georgian town of Abastumani.

Simeiz Observatory
Simeiz Observatory (also spelled Simeis or Simeïs) was an astronomy research observatory until the mid-1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, by the town of Simeiz.

Part of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, it is currently used for laser based studies of the orbits of satellites.

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) credits Simeiz Observatory as the location where a total of 150 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin, Sergey Belyavsky, Vladimir Albitsky, Grigory Shajn, Nikolaj Ivanov, Pelageya Shajn, Praskov'ja Parchomenko, Alexander Deutsch and Evgenij Skvorcov.

As of 2017, the discovery of the minor planet 369010 Ira is directly credited to Simeiz Observatory by the MPC.
Academic American Encyclopedia
Academic American Encyclopedia is a 21-volume general English-language encyclopedia published in 1980. It was first produced by Arête Publishing, the American subsidiary of the Dutch publishing company VNU (later acquired by Nielsen Media Research in 1999).

Nielsen Holdings
Nielsen Holdings plc (or simply Nielsen) is an American media audience measurement firm. Nielsen operates in over 100 countries and employs approximately 15,000 people worldwide.

For most of its history, the company was known for its two subsidiaries, Nielsen Media Research, which was responsible for TV ratings, and AC Nielsen, which was responsible for consumer shopping trends and box-office data. Nielsen Media Research later evolved into Global Media division and the AC Nielsen later evolved into Global Connect division. The company later decided to retain its Global Media division and divested the Global Connect division (NielsenIQ, the former AC Nielsen) to private equity firm Advent International in March 2021.

The company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and used to be a component of the S&P 500.
Clock Tower of Haridwar
The Clock Tower of Haridwar, also known as the Raja Birla Tower, is a landmark freestanding clock tower, built by Raja Baldev Das Birla in 1938 in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Each of its four sides has a clock, with Roman numerals representing hours and dots depicting the minutes. The structure marks a good location from which to watch the evening prayers at Har Ki Pauri.

The surrounding area has been used as a media platform for the Kumbh Mela. Prior to the 2021 Kumbh Mela artist Harshvardhan Kadam painted it in red and gold murals to express Hindu mythological stories based on the writings and ideas of the Vaimānika Shāstra.

Haridwar Kumbh Mela
Haridwar Kumbh Mela is a mela, associated with Hinduism and held in the city of Haridwar, India held every 12 years. The exact date is determined according to Hindu astrology: the Mela is held when Jupiter is in Aquarius and the Sun enters Aries. The event possesses deep religious significance to Hindus as well as other spiritual seekers. Historically, it was an important commercial event and was attended by merchants from as far as Arabia.

The Haridwar Kumbh Mela had happened from 1 April to 30 April in the year 2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. An Ardh Kumbh ("Half Kumbh") Mela is held six years after a Kumbh Mela. The last Ardh Kumbh Mela took place in 2016.

Haridwar will host the Half Kumbh (Ardh Kumbh) in 2027, so plan your 2026 visit early, book stays near the ghats in advance, travel light, follow crowd advisories, and experience the sacred Ganga aarti at dawn or dusk.
Make a Secret
"Make a Secret"  is BoA's sixteenth Japanese single, and fifth lowest selling. The title track was used for a Kose Fasio commercial, and although the A-side track, "Make a Secret", was promoted, the B-side, "Long Time No See", won more acclaim and praise from fans. After the eyebrow-raising performance of her Do the Motion single, this single came as a huge disappointment to fans and staff alike.

Do the Motion
"Do the Motion"  is BoA's 15th Japanese CD single (and first of 2005), and third highest selling. This was also BoA's first number one single, and made her the first non-Japanese Asian singer to top the Oricon charts in over 21 years. This single scored commercial endorsements for every song on the single (excluding the TV Mixes) and is BoA's highest selling single of 2005. This was also the first single for her sixth Japanese album, Outgrow.
V'Keon Lacey
V'Keon Lacey (born August 8, 1988) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He first enrolled at Cisco College before transferring to the Southwestern Oklahoma State University and lastly Angelo State University. Lacey was a member of the Jacksonville Sharks, Cedar Rapids Titans, San Jose SaberCats, Philadelphia Soul, Portland Thunder, and Tampa Bay Storm.

Portland Steel
The Portland Steel were a professional arena football team based in Portland, Oregon and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team started as the Portland Thunder, joining the AFL in 2014 as an expansion team along with the Los Angeles Kiss. The team played their home games at the Moda Center. They were known as the Thunder until the franchise went under league ownership in 2016 and became the Steel.
HDMS Allart
HDMS Allart, a brig launched at Copenhagen in June 1807, was amongst the ships taken by the British after the second Battle of Copenhagen.  In British service, she was recaptured by Danish-Norwegian gunboats after venturing too close inshore. Her subsequent service was in the Dano-Norwegian Navy's Norwegian Brig Division, which harried enemy frigates and convoys in Norwegian waters. In 1812, she was captained by Ulrich Anton Schønheyder. His father was after the mother's death married to Joachime Catharine Benzon (1757-1836). On the separation of Denmark from Norway in 1814, Allart transferred to the Norwegian navy, who sold her in 1825.

HDMS Lougen (1805)
HDMS Lougen was a Danish naval brig launched in 1805. She saw service in the Danish navy and participated in two notable actions against the British Royal Navy during the Gunboat War. In 1814, as a result of the Treaty of Kiel, the Danes transferred her to the Norwegian navy. The Norwegians sold her to German merchants in the Scheld in 1825. She was finally shipwrecked near Bremerhaven in 1881.
Factory Creek
Factory Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is a tributary to the Chattahoochee River.

Factory Creek was named for the fact its waters powered a textile mill along its course in the 1850s.

Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River (/ˌtʃætəˈhuːtʃi/) is a river in the Southeastern United States. It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River, a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. The Chattahoochee River is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACF River Basin). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin.
Khudiram Bose Central College
Khudiram Bose Central College, established in 1893, is a central undergraduate Government aided college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It offers only courses in arts and commerce. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.The college has received University Grants Commission (India) affliation and awarded by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Heroic measure
In the context of medicine, heroic measures refer to any courses of treatment or therapy aimed at saving or prolonging a person's life, despite the potential harm those treatments may cause. Heroic measures are almost always used in the scenario of life-threatening situations, when all other viable treatment options have failed, or there is no better treatment option available. The term is not explicitly defined, but rather associated with other umbrella terms, such as advanced care planning and end-of-life care. In conversations, people may use other terms depending on the context, such as "a Hail Mary situation" to emphasize the desperate needs for such treatment.

Advance care planning
Advance care planning is a process that enables individuals with decisional mental capacity to make plans about their future health care.  Advance care plans provide direction to healthcare professionals  when a person is not in a position to make and/or communicate their own healthcare choices. Advance care planning is applicable to adults at all stages of life.

Participation in advance care planning has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety for patients and their families, and lead to improvements in end of life care. Older adults are more directly concerned as they may experience a situation where advance care planning can be useful. However, only a small portion of elderly use them.

The main components of advance care planning include the nomination of a substitute decision maker, and the completion of an advance care directive.
Owlman (character)
Owlman (Thomas Wayne, Jr.) is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. A supervillainous alternate-universe counterpart of Bruce Wayne / Batman, he is depicted as the adult version of Wayne's deceased older brother, who in other universes dies as a child, before Bruce is born. In The New 52, the primary continuity Owlman, originally depicted as the asylum-bound Boomerang Killer, is retroactively revealed to be still alive, stolen from his parents as a child, and working in the service of the Court of Owls under the name Lincoln March.

Owlman is voiced by Diedrich Bader and James Woods in the 2008 animated series Batman: The Brave and the Bold and the 2010 animated feature film Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths respectively. Damon Dayoub portrays Lincoln March in the 2023 television series Gotham Knights.

Diedrich Bader
Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor. He is best known for his comedic and voice acting roles. He has appeared as a series regular in television sitcoms The Drew Carey Show, American Housewife, and Outsourced, along with recurring roles in Better Things and Veep. His film credits include The Beverly Hillbillies (1993), Office Space (1999), and Napoleon Dynamite (2004).

He has had a prolific voiceover career, playing characters such as Hoss Delgado in The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Zeta in The Zeta Project, Tank Evans in the films Surf's Up and Surf's Up 2: WaveMania, Dr. Meridian/Mandroid in Transformers: EarthSpark, and provided the voice of Bruce Wayne / Batman in multiple animated films and television series, beginning in 2008 with Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
Sens
Sens (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃s] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris.

Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the sixth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. At the last census of 2021, the municipality had 27,034 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les Senonese in French.

The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris.

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (French pronunciation: [buʁɡɔɲ fʁɑ̃ʃ kɔ̃te] ⓘ; lit. 'Burgundy-Free County', sometimes abbreviated BFC; Arpitan: Borgogne-Franche-Comtât) is a region in northeastern France created by the 2014 territorial reform of French regions, from a merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté. The new region came into existence on 1 January 2016, after the regional elections of December 2015, electing 100 members to the Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

The region covers an area of 47,783 km2 (18,449 sq mi) and eight departments; it had a population of 2,811,423 in 2017. Its prefecture and largest city is Dijon, although the regional council sits in Besançon, making Bourgogne-Franche-Comté one of two regions in France (along with Normandy) in which the prefect does not sit in the same city as the regional council.
Andrea Loberto
Andrea Loberto (born 7 November 1974) is an Italian football manager who is currently assistant manager of Saint-Étienne in France.

Moving to Norway to pursue a career there, he was youth coach in Vålerenga and Rosenborg before becoming assistant manager of Haugesund. He became manager on a caretaker basis in the summer of 2016, overseeing the second half of 2016 Eliteserien. In 2017 he managed Fredrikstad, before returning to the assistant manager role at Aalesund and Brann. After Brann was relegated, Loberto applied for the position as player developer at Vålerenga, and edged out 82 other applicants to get the job. Before the end of the year, he was signed by Stabæk as their new assistant manager ahead of the 2023 season. In this, Loberto reunited with his old manager from Aalesund, Lars Bohinen.

Lars Bohinen
Lars Roar Bohinen (born 8 September 1969) is a Norwegian football manager and former professional footballer. His last job was as the manager of Jerv.

As a player, he was a midfielder from 1986 until 2005, notably playing in the Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Blackburn Rovers and Derby County, as well as spells with Bærum SK, Lyn Oslo, Vålerenga, Viking, BSC Young Boys, Lillestrøm, Lyngby and Farum. He was capped 49 times by Norway, scoring ten goals and being part of their World Cup 1994 squad.

He has since moved into coaching, and after spells on the staff at Vålerenga and Stabæk, he has gone on to be the first team manager of Asker, Sandefjord, Aalesund, Sarpsborg 08 and Stabæk.
John Friesz
John Melvin "Deep" Friesz (FREEZE; born May 19, 1967) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for four teams. He played college football for the Idaho Vandals and was drafted in the 1990 NFL draft by the San Diego Chargers, he later played for the Washington Redskins, the Seattle Seahawks, and the New England Patriots.

1990 NFL draft
The 1990 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 22–23, 1990, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The Dallas Cowboys would have had the first overall pick in the draft for the second consecutive year by virtue of their league-worst 1–15 record in 1989. However, the Cowboys forfeited their first-round pick by selecting quarterback Steve Walsh in the first round of the previous year's supplemental draft. The first pick instead went to the Atlanta Falcons, who traded it to the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts then used the first overall pick to select quarterback Jeff George.
Azteca horse
The Azteca is a horse breed from Mexico, with a subtype, called the "American Azteca", found in the United States. They are well-muscled horses that may be of any solid color, and the American Azteca may also have Pinto coloration. Aztecas are known to compete in many western riding and some English riding disciplines. The Mexican registry for the original Azteca and the United States registries for the American Azteca have registration rules that vary in several key aspects, including ancestral bloodlines and requirements for physical inspections. The Azteca was first developed in Mexico in 1972, from a blend of Andalusian, American Quarter Horse and Mexican Criollo bloodlines. From there, they spread to the United States, where American Paint Horse blood was added.

Western riding
Western riding is considered a style of horse riding which has evolved from the ranching and welfare traditions which were brought to the Americas by the Spanish conquistadors, as well as both equipment and riding style which evolved to meet the working needs of the cowboy in the American West. At the time, American cowboys had to work long hours in the saddle and often over rough terrain, sometimes having to rope a cattle using a lariat, also known as a lasso. Because of the necessity to control the horse with one hand and use a lariat with the other, western horses were trained to neck rein, that is, to change direction with light pressure of a rein against the horse's neck. Horses were also trained to exercise a certain degree of independence in using their natural instincts to follow the movements of a cow, thus a riding style developed that emphasized a deep, secure seat, and training methods encouraged a horse to be responsive on very light rein contact.
Archibald Nye
Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Edward Nye, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, KCB, KBE, MC (23 April 1895 – 13 November 1967) was a senior British Army officer who served in both world wars and was Vice-Chief of the Imperial General Staff from 1941 to 1946 during the Second World War. Post-war, he served as Governor of Madras, after which Jawaharlal Nehru asked for him to stay on as High Commissioner in India. He subsequently served as High Commissioner to Canada.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.