hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Research and Analysis Center
The Research and Analysis Center (TRAC), formerly the TRADOC Analysis Center, is an analysis agency of the United States Army. TRAC conducts research on potential military operations worldwide to inform decisions about the most challenging issues facing the Army and the Department of Defense (DoD). TRAC relies upon the intellectual capital of a highly skilled workforce of military and civilian personnel to execute its mission.

TRAC conducts operations research (OR) on a wide range of military topics, some contemporary but most often set five to 15 years in the future.  TRAC directly supports the mission of the Army Futures Command (AFC), to develop future concepts and requirements while also serving the decision needs of many military clients.

United States Army Futures Command
The United States Army Futures Command (AFC) was a United States Army command that ran modernization projects. It was headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The AFC began initial operations on 1 July 2018. It was created as a peer of Forces Command (FORSCOM), Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), and Army Materiel Command (AMC). While the other commands focus on readiness to "fight tonight", AFC aimed to improve future readiness for competition with near-peers. The AFC commander functioned as the Army's chief modernization investment officer.: Section 4  It was supported by the United States Army Reserve Innovation Command (75th Innovation Command).

On October 2nd, 2025, Army officials inactivated Army Futures Command and activated U.S. Army Transformation and Training Command (T2COM). This effectively merged AFC with Training and Doctrine Command. The Army will retain AFC's headquarters to serve as the new headquarters for T2COM.
Skeet Reese
Skeet Reese is an American professional sport fisherman of the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society (B.A.S.S.) and Major League Fishing. He was born in Walnut Creek, California on June 30, 1969. He has a wife, Kim, and a two daughters, Leamarie and Courtney. Reese is one of the primary spokesmen for General Tire.

On September 15, 2007, Skeet became the 2007 B.A.S.S. Toyota Tundra Angler of the Year.

Skeet won the 2009 Bassmaster Classic in Shreveport, LA, on February 22, 2009 with a total weight of 54 pounds 13 ounces.

Bassmaster Classic
The Bassmaster Classic (known as the Bass Pro Shops Bassmaster Classic for sponsorship reasons) is a tournament in the sport of professional bass fishing, organized by the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society. It was first held in 1971 on Lake Mead, Nevada. Originally it was a fall event, (1971-1983) but it switched to a summer event in 1984 and then to a late winter event in 2006.

Rick Clunn and Kevin VanDam have each won the event four times. Jordan Lee, Bobby Murray, Hank Parker, George Cochran and Hank Cherry have each won twice.

First-place money has grown from $10,000 in 1971 to $500,000 in 2006; it was reduced to $300,000 in 2014.
Lloyd Street Synagogue
The Lloyd Street Synagogue is a Reform and Orthodox Jewish former synagogue located on Lloyd Street, Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. The Greek Revival-style building is the third oldest synagogue building in the United States and was the first synagogue building erected in Maryland. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and designated as a Baltimore City Landmark in 1971.

The Lloyd Street former synagogue building is now owned by the Jewish Museum of Maryland and is open to the public as a museum in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore.

Baltimore City Landmarks
Baltimore City Landmark is a historic property designation made by the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Nominations are reviewed by the city's Commission for Historical & Architectural Preservation (CHAP) and planning board, and are passed by Baltimore City Council. The landmarks program was created in 1971.

CHAP also maintains a list of Historical and Architectural Preservation Districts, separate from its landmarks program. The district program includes 37 unique districts, many of which are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

As of 2012, the program had designated 163 exterior Baltimore City Landmarks and one interior landmark (for the interior of the Senator Theatre, whose exterior is also landmarked).

Also as of 2012, more than 56,000 properties were located in 24 city historic districts, receiving the same protection as individual Baltimore City Landmarks.
Khushboo (1979 film)
Khushboo (transl. Fragrance) is a 1979 Pakistani film directed by Nazar Shabab. It is produced by A. Hameed and music was composed by M. Ashraf.

The lead cast of the film includes Rani, Shahid, Mumtaz with Nayyar Sultana and Rangeela in the supporting cast. It was released on 25 August 1979, on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr, and was a golden jubilee hit at the box office.

Rangeela (actor)
Mohammad Saeed Khan (1 January 1937 – 24 May 2005), better known by his stage name Rangeela, was a Pakistani actor, comedian, director and producer.

He was also a professional bodybuilder, a billboard painter, a writer (both a screenwriter and a lyricist), a film distributor, a singer and a music composer.

He is regarded as one of the finest comedians of the Pakistani film industry.

Beginning in 1956 with the Punjabi film Chann Mahi, he eventually performed in over 550 films in a career spanning over 4 decades.
Working cat
A working cat, also known as a mouser, is a type of domestic cat that "works" for its keep by hunting vermin, such as rodents. They are commonly employed where pest control is needed, such as barns, farms, factories, warehouses, stores, restaurants, shipyards, churchyards, and private property. Types of working cats include the bodega cat, farm cat, ship's cat, and library cat. A benefit of using a working cat is that they alleviate the need for harmful pesticides. Working cats are often placed in their environment as a part of a working cats program.

The resident cat at the British Prime Minister's home at 10 Downing Street has been given the title Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office.

Ship's cat
The ship's cat has been a common feature on many trading, exploration, and naval ships dating to ancient times. Cats have been brought on ships for many reasons, most importantly to control rodents. Vermin aboard a ship can cause damage to ropes, woodwork, and more recently, electrical wiring. In addition, rodents threaten ships' stores, devour crews' foodstuff, and can cause economic damage to ships' cargo, such as grain. Vermin are also a source of disease, which is dangerous for ships that are at sea for long periods of time. Rat fleas are carriers of plague, and rats on ships were believed to be a primary vector of the Black Death.

Cats naturally attack and kill rodents and adapt to new surroundings, which makes them suitable for service on a ship. In addition, they offer companionship and a sense of home, security and camaraderie to sailors away from home.  The tradition that every ship needs a mascot made cats very welcome among sailors.
Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton combined statistical area
The Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area covers a total of fourteen counties – seven in southeast Tennessee, six in northwest Georgia and one in northeast Alabama. The combined statistical area consists of three metropolitan statistical areas – Chattanooga, Cleveland, and Dalton – as well as the Athens, Scottsboro, and Summerville micropolitan statistical areas. At the 2023 estimate, the CSA had a population of 1,003,363.

Chattooga County, Georgia
Chattooga County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,965. The county seat is Summerville. The county was created on December 28, 1838. Chattooga County comprises the Summerville, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Rome-Summerville Combined Statistical Area. Summerville is the site of the Chattooga County Courthouse. The county is home to several properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Hallam Ashley
Hallam Ashley FRPS (9 July 1900 – 24 October 1987) was a British professional photographer who, amongst other things, photographed buildings for the National Buildings Record for nearly 40 years. A book of his photographs of East Anglia was published in 2010.

Historic England Archive
The Historic England Archive is the public archive of Historic England, located in The Engine House on Fire Fly Avenue in Swindon, formerly part of the Swindon Works of the Great Western Railway.

It is a public archive of architectural and archaeological records and holds over 12 million historic photographs, plans, drawings, reports, records and publications covering England's archaeology, architecture, social and local history. It is a dynamic collection, with records being added to this day. The PastScape website allows searching of over 420,000 records (as of 2016).
Sigismond Frédéric de Berckheim
Sigismond Frédéric de Berckheim (9 May 1775 – 28 December 1817) became a French division commander during the last years of the Napoleonic Wars. Born into an old Alsatian family, he joined an infantry regiment at the age of 14. In 1807 he became the commanding officer of the 1st Cuirassier Regiment. In 1809 he led his cavalrymen at Eckmühl, Ratisbon, Aspern-Essling and Wagram. Promoted to general of brigade, he fought at First and Second Polotsk and the Berezina in 1812. He led a cavalry brigade at Lützen and Bautzen in 1813. Promoted to general of division, he led a cavalry division at Dresden, Leipzig and Hanau. He commanded a cavalry division at Arcis-sur-Aube in 1814. He became an inspector general and a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1815 and 1816. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 12.

Battle of Ratisbon
The Battle of Ratisbon, also called the Battle of Regensburg, was a meeting engagement fought on 23 April 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars, between the army of the French Empire, led by Napoleon I, and that of the Austrian Empire, led by Archduke Charles. Scene of the last engagement of the Bavaria phase of the campaign of 1809, the brief defense of the city and installation of a pontoon bridge to the east enabled the retreating Austrian army to escape into Bohemia. During the assault, Marshal Jean Lannes led his troops up ladders onto the walls, and Napoleon was wounded in his ankle by a small artillery round. The shot had been fired at great distance and did not severely hurt the Emperor, but caused a contusion.
Kavoor, Mangalore
Kavoor is a suburban area and the name of a ward in the city of Mangalore in the Mysore division of the Indian state of Karnataka. Kannada and Tulu are the two most commonly spoken languages in Kavoor. This place got the name as "Kavoor" because of the Saint "Kuvera Maharshi" who had visited this place. It connects major cities like Surathkal, Kankanady, Kinnigoli, and Bajpe.

Bajpe
Bajpe is a locality in Mangalore city of Dakshina Kannada district in the state of Karnataka, now also known as Bajpe Town, India. It is around 18 km (11 mi) from the city of Mangalore. The Mangalore International Airport is located at Bajpe and was previously known as the Bajpe Aerodrome.
City bus number 47 connects Bajpe to State Bank. There are a number of villages surrounding Bajpe, for which it serves as a hub. The nearby villages to which Bajpe serves as hub are Permude, Hosabettu, Kinnigoli, Kalamundkur and Kateel. Bajpe is derived from the Tulu word, Bija da Appe (Mother of Seeds) since it was famous for its agricultural market in olden days.

Bajpe now its declared as a Town and official Known as Bajpe Town by Municipal Administration of Dakshina Kannada District.
Novoazovsk urban hromada
Novoazovsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Новоазовська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Kalmiuske Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Novoazovsk.

The hromada contains 37 settlements: 1 city (Novoazovsk), 2 rural settlements (Siedove and Obryv), 34 villages:

Novoazovsk
Novoazovsk (Ukrainian: Новоазовськ, pronounced [nowoɐˈzɔu̯sʲk]; Russian: Новоазовск, pronounced [nəvəɐˈzofsk]) is a border city on the south-eastern tip of Ukraine (near the border with Russia), in Kalmiuske Raion, in Donetsk Oblast. Since 2014, it has been occupied by Donetsk People's Republic and then Russia.

Novoazovsk and adjacent areas are the only places in Ukraine where the great black-headed gull (Larus ichthyaetus) lives.
Volodyne, Donetsk Oblast
Volodyne (Ukrainian: Володине) is a village in Staromlynivka rural hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.

The distance from Volodyne to the raion (district) center Volnovakha is approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi).

Staromlynivka rural hromada
Staromlynivka rural hromada (Ukrainian: Старомлинівська сільська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the village Staromlynivka.

The hromada contains 14 settlements, including 11 villages:

And 3 rural settlements: Kermenchyk, Kliuchove, and Novodonetske.
Tonje Daffinrud
Tonje Frydenberg Daffinrud (born 19 September 1991) is a retired Norwegian professional golfer. She played on the Ladies European Tour between 2015 and 2021, and represented Norway at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Battle of Bhangani
The Battle of Bhangani  was fought between Guru Gobind Singh's army and Bhim Chand (Kahlur) of Bilaspur on 18 September 1686 or 1688, at Bhangani near Paonta Sahib. An alliance of Rajput Rajas of the Shivalik Hills participated in the engagement on behalf of Bhim Chand of Bilaspur State's side, including the states of Garhwal and Kangra. It was the first battle Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, fought at the age of 19.

Bichitra Natak, an autobiography generally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, contains a detailed description of the battle.

Paonta Sahib
Paonta Sahib is an industrial city of Himachal Pradesh in India. It is located in the south of Sirmaur district, on National Highway 72 (New NH 7) in Kyarda Doon valley. Paonta Sahib is an important place of worship for Sikhs, hosting a large Gurdwara named Gurudwara Paonta Sahib, on the banks of the river Yamuna. The river is the boundary between the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
Lipocalin
The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids, and most lipocalins are also able to bind to complexed iron (via siderophores or flavonoids) as well as heme. They  share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture. This is an eight stranded antiparallel beta barrel with a repeated + 1 topology enclosing an internal ligand binding site.

These proteins are found in gram negative bacteria, vertebrate cells, and invertebrate cells, and in plants. Lipocalins have been associated with many biological processes, among them immune response, pheromone transport, biological prostaglandin synthesis, retinoid binding, and cancer cell interactions.

Retinoid
The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are natural derivatives of vitamin A or are chemically related to it. Synthetic retinoids are utilized in cosmetic formulations, clinical dermatology, and the treatment of some forms of cancer.

Retinoids have many important functions throughout the body, including in vision, regulation of skin proliferation and differentiation, growth of bone tissue, immune function, and male fertility.

The biology of retinoids is complex, having well-documented effectiveness in the management of conditions ranging from acute promyelocytic leukemia to acne to photoaging. On the other hand, retinoids may be involved in metabolic dysfunction and, at least in some forms, carcinogenesis.
Augmented hexagonal prism
In geometry, the augmented hexagonal prism is one of the Johnson solids (J54). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by augmenting a hexagonal prism by attaching a square pyramid (J1) to one of its equatorial faces. When two or three such pyramids are attached, the result may be a parabiaugmented hexagonal prism (J55), a metabiaugmented hexagonal prism (J56), or a triaugmented hexagonal prism (J57).

Metabiaugmented hexagonal prism
In geometry, the metabiaugmented hexagonal prism is one of the Johnson solids (J56). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by doubly augmenting a hexagonal prism by attaching square pyramids (J1) to two of its nonadjacent, nonparallel equatorial faces. Attaching the pyramids to opposite equatorial faces yields a parabiaugmented hexagonal prism. (The solid obtained by attaching pyramids to adjacent equatorial faces is not convex, and thus not a Johnson solid.)

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that are composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.
Valesca Ampoorter
Valesca Ampoorter (born 5 March 2004) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Frauen-Bundesliga club TSG Hoffenheim and the Belgium national team. She has previously played for Belgian Women's Super League club OH Leuven, as well as multiple Belgium youth national teams.

TSG 1899 Hoffenheim (women)
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim Frauen is the German women's football club based in Hoffenheim, a village of Sinsheim municipality, Baden-Württemberg, inside the Rhine-Neckar. Since 2013, the club plays in the Bundesliga, the highest level of football in Germany.
Dave Ryan (rugby union)
Dave Ryan is an Irish professional rugby union player, currently playing for SU Agen in the French Top 14. Ryan plays as a prop. He previously played for Dolphin, Munster, Zebre and Lazio.

Ryan played for Munster between 2009 and 2010 after being promoted from a development contract.

It was announced in Spring 2011 that Ryan was leaving Munster to join Lazio Roma in Italy. He moved to Zebre for the 2012–13 season.

In April 2014, it was announced that he would join Ulster on a 2-year deal from the 2014–15 season.

Ryan was included in the USA preliminary squad for the summer tests during 2012, being eligible through his American mother, but turned down the chance as to continue playing professionally in Italy.

S.S. Lazio Rugby 1927
Polisportiva S.S. Lazio Rugby 1927, also called S.S. Lazio, is an Italian rugby union club based in Rome.
The club is the rugby union branch of the multisport club SS Lazio, which most famous section is the association football team.

S.S. Lazio play in Serie A Elite and in the 2024-25 season represents Rome along with Fiamme Oro Rugby in the top tier of the Italian league system.

They were the first XV in Italy established in Rome in 1927, as “S.S. Lazio Rugby”, the rugby section of Lazio Sports Association.
The founders were the brothers Vinci: Eugenio (Vinci I), Paolo (Vinci II), Francesco (Vinci III) and Pietro (Vinci IV).
The Oval eagles debuted on 13 May 1928 at Rome's National Stadium (demolished and rebuilt in the 1950s as Stadio Flaminio) in front of 20,000 spectators. S.S. Lazio Rugby defeated “XV Legione Leonessa d'Italia” by a score of 17-0.

They play their home games at the Giulio Onesti Olimpic Preparation Center of Acqua Acetosa, in the Parioli district.
John Blue (ice hockey)
John Thomas Blue (born February 19, 1966) is an American former ice hockey goaltender. He played 46 games in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins and Buffalo Sabres between 1992 and 1996. The majority of his career, which lasted from 1987 to 1995, was spent in various minor leagues. Internationally Blue was part of the American national team at the 1988 Winter Olympics, but he did not play. He also was part of the American team at three World Championships, though only played one game, in the 1990 and 1997 tournaments.

1997 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
The 1997 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 61st such event sanctioned by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Teams representing 36 countries participated in several levels of competition, while three other teams competed in an exhibition tournament to gain experience before joining on an official basis in the 1998 competition. The competition also served as qualifications for group placements in the 1998 competition.

The top Championship Group tournament took place in Finland from 26 April to 14 May 1997, with matches played in Helsinki, Tampere and Turku. Twelve teams took part, with the first round being split into two teams of six, and the six best teams going to a further group stage. Canada beat Sweden in the final game, best of three, where they won 2–1 in games, and became world champions for the 21st time.
Laughing Villa
Laughing Villa is an Indian Malayalam celebrity comedy chat show which premiered on Surya TV from 30 July 2016 to 17 November 2019.

The first season of the show was hosted by south-Indian film actors Navya Nair and Maniyanpilla Raju. The show also cast Surabhi Lakshmi, Manju Pillai, Naseer Sankranthi and Noby Marcose as character artists.

Surya TV launched the second season of show from 2 April 2017 in a new format as a kids reality show. Jyothi Krishna hosts the show.

Surya TV launched the third season of show from 18 May 2018 as movie promotion talk show. Gayathri Arun hosts the show.

Gayatri Arun
Gayathri Arun is an Indian actress known for her work in Malayalam films and television serials. She is well known for portraying the character Deepthi IPS in Malayalam soap opera, Parasparam. She also acted in movies such as Sarvopari Palakkaran, Ormma, One, Ennalum Ente Aliya and Kalamkaval. She hosted various television shows. Her first book named Achappam Kadhakal was published on 5 September 2021.
Andrew Musgrave
Andrew "Andy" Musgrave (born 6 March 1990) is a British cross-country skier.  He has competed in the World Cup since 2008 and represented Great Britain at the 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023, and 2025 Nordic World Ski Championships and the 2010, 2014, 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2017
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2017 was the 40th World Championships in nordic skiing and took place in Lahti, Finland from 22 February to 5 March 2017. This was the seventh time the event has been held there, having previously been held in 1926, 1938, 1958, 1978, 1989 and 2001.
Weak interpretability
In mathematical logic, weak interpretability is a notion of translation of logical theories,  introduced together with interpretability by Alfred Tarski in 1953.

Let T and S be formal theories. Slightly simplified, T is said to be weakly interpretable in S if, and only if, the language of T can be translated into the language of S in such a way that the translation of every theorem of T is consistent with S. Of course, there are some natural conditions on admissible translations here, such as the necessity for a translation to preserve the logical structure of formulas.

A generalization of weak interpretability, tolerance, was introduced by Giorgi Japaridze in 1992.

Giorgi Japaridze
Giorgi Japaridze (also spelled Giorgie Dzhaparidze) is a Georgian-American researcher in logic and theoretical computer science. He currently holds the title of Full Professor at the Computing Sciences Department of Villanova University. Japaridze is best known for his invention of computability logic, cirquent calculus, and Japaridze's polymodal logic.