hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution Avenue (Islamabad)
Constitution Avenue, also known as Shahrah-e-Dastoor (Urdu: شاہراہ دستور), is a major north–south avenue in Islamabad, Pakistan that passes through the Red Zone. Its north end meets with the Khayban-e-Iqbal intersection and south end with an intersection of Srinagar Highway.

A number of landmark and government buildings exist along the road, such as the Aiwan-e-Sadr, the Prime Minister's Office, the office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Library of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Federal Shariat Court, the Cabinet Block, as well as the office of the Auditor General of Pakistan.

The road has often been a site for political protests.

Prime Minister's Office (Pakistan)
The Prime Minister's Office (Urdu: دفترِ وزیرِ اعظم) is the principal workplace of the Prime Minister of Pakistan and is headed by the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

It is responsible for formulating policies for the Prime Minister's cabinet, conducting its cabinet meetings, and supervising and overseeing the implementation of the Cabinet's policy.

In addition, it is in charge of other governmental bodies, which report directly to the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister's Office is located at the Prime Minister’s House in Red Zone, Islamabad, Pakistan.
CDKN1B
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) is an enzyme inhibitor that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1B gene. It encodes a protein which belongs to the Cip/Kip family of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor proteins. The encoded protein binds to and prevents the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 or cyclin D-CDK4 complexes, and thus controls the cell cycle progression at G1. It is often referred to as a cell cycle inhibitor protein because its major function is to stop or slow down the cell division cycle.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), also known as cell division protein kinase 4, is an enzyme that is encoded by the CDK4 gene in humans. CDK4 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, a group of serine/threonine kinases which regulate the cell cycle. CDK4 regulates the G1/S transition by contributing to the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (RB) protein, which leads to the release of protein factors like E2F1 that promote S-phase progression. It is regulated by cyclins like cyclin D proteins, regulatory kinases, and cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Dysregulation of the CDK4 pathway is common in many cancers, and CDK4 is a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
Union Pacific class P-2
The Union Pacific class P-2 was a class of 4-6-2 "Pacific" type steam locomotives that were built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works originally for the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company (OR&N) in 1905.

Baldwin Locomotive Works
The Baldwin Locomotive Works (BLW) was an American manufacturer of railway locomotives from 1825 to 1951. Originally located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it moved to nearby Eddystone in the early 20th century. The company was for decades the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, but struggled to compete when demand switched to diesel locomotives. Baldwin produced the last of its 70,000-plus locomotives in 1951, before merging with the Lima-Hamilton Corporation on September 11, 1951, to form the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation.

The company has no relation to the E.M. Baldwin and Sons of New South Wales, Australia, a builder of small diesel locomotives for sugar cane railroads.
Qizx
Qizx is a proprietary XML database that provides native storage for XML data.

Qizx was initially developed by Xavier Franc of Axyana and was purchased by Qualcomm in 2013. Qizx was re-released by Qualcomm in late 2014 on Amazon Web Services.

XML database
An XML database is a data persistence software system that allows data to be specified, and stored, in XML format. This data can be queried, transformed, exported and returned to a calling system. XML databases are a flavor of document-oriented databases which are in turn a category of  database.
Fish maw
Fish maw (also fish sound) is the swim bladder of a fish, eaten as offal. Typically dried or fried but also cooked from fresh, fish maw is largely collagen. It is a traditional food in cuisines dominated by fishing, and a particular delicacy in Chinese cuisine—one of the four sea delicacies—as well as a valued ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. The modern demand for fish maw from Pacific Asia supports wildlife trade worldwide for quality fish maw, which has in turn led to wildlife smuggling and poaching.

Wildlife smuggling
Wildlife smuggling, or wildlife trafficking, concerns the illegal gathering and trade of endangered species and protected wildlife, including plants and byproducts or products utilizing a species. Research on wildlife smuggling has increased, however, knowledge of the illicit trade remains limited. The differences between international policies and tendencies likely contribute to the extensive estimated range of wildlife smuggling, anywhere from $5-$23 billion, with an additional $67-$193 billion when timber and fish are included. The prolific growth of wildlife smuggling makes it the fourth-largest criminal enterprise globally after drug, firearm, and human trafficking. Products demanded by the trade include but are not limited to ivory, bushmeat, traditional medicine, and exotic pets. China and the United States are the largest buyers in the illegal wildlife trade. It often involves other illegal activities such as tranquilizing animals without proper authorization.
Sonnet 88
Sonnet 88 is one of 154 sonnets published in 1609 by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It's one of the Fair Youth sequence.

Sonnet 88 continues the theme of a division between the two friends, based on their differing sense of values. The poet offers to support the young man's rejection of him by listing the poet's own faults, and in this way give double support to the young man.

The paradoxical ideas of self-wounding in this sonnet are outlandish enough, that it is difficult to accept a sincere desire for self-immolation on the poet's part. This is especially clear in the context of other sonnets in the sequence that deal with a division between the poet and the young man. The poet does reserve for himself the story-telling posture ("I can set down a story"), which includes the considerable powers of poetry, powers that have been a recurring theme in the sonnets.

Shakespeare's sonnets
William Shakespeare (c. 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) wrote sonnets on a variety of themes. When discussing or referring to Shakespeare's sonnets, it is almost always a reference to the 154 sonnets that were first published all together in a quarto in 1609. However, there are six additional sonnets that Shakespeare wrote and included in the plays Romeo and Juliet, Henry V and Love's Labour's Lost. There is also a partial sonnet found in the play Edward III.
Baldwin Wallace Conservatory of Music
The Baldwin Wallace Conservatory of Music is part of the Baldwin Wallace University, in Berea, Ohio. The main building is Kulas Hall. The Conservatory is home to the Baldwin Wallace Bach Festival, the oldest collegiate Bach Festival in the United States. The music theatre program, founded by Victoria Bussert and currently directed by Jennifer Hemphill, draws hundreds of applicants each year. The instrumental programs have produced musicians; several BW alumni play in the Cleveland Orchestra.

Cleveland Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.  Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".  The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Music Center. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.
Hayes Alan Jenkins
Hayes Alan Jenkins (born March 23, 1933) is an American former figure skater. He is the 1956 Olympic champion, a four-time World champion (1953–1956), and a four-time U.S. national champion (1953–1956).

Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1956 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Ice Stadium in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. Three figure skating events were contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating. It was final time figure skating at the Olympics took place on an outdoor rink.
Jehannine Austin
Jehannine Claire Austin FCAHS is a British and Canadian neuropsychiatric geneticist and a genetic counselor. They are a professor at the University of British Columbia and Executive Director of the Provincial Health Services Authority's BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute. In 2012, Austin founded the world’s first specialist psychiatric genetic counselling service.

Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
The Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS) is one of three national academies that comprise the Council of Canadian Academies (CCA), the highest honour granted to scholars in Canada. The two other CCA academies are the Royal Society of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineering.

The CAHS has two functions: a) To conduct assessments on urgent health matters that affect Canadians; b) to recognize individuals of outstanding achievement in the health sciences through elections to fellowship. CAHS fellows are entitled to use the post-nominal letters FCAHS (Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences).
Mary Rose Gearty
Mary Rose Gearty is an Irish judge and lawyer who has served as a Judge of the High Court since December 2019. She was previously practiced as a barrister involved primarily in criminal trials involving serious offences.

High Court (Ireland)
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court. It also has the power to determine whether or not a law is constitutional, and of judicial review over acts of the government and other public bodies.
Brama japonica
Brama japonica, the Pacific pomfret, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a pomfret of the family Bramidae. B. japonica is closely related, and quite similar, to Brama brama, but can be distinguished by possessing a greater number of anal fin rays and a higher number of gill rakers.

Pomfret
Pomfrets are scombriform fish belonging to the family Bramidae. The family currently includes 20 species across seven genera. Several species are important food sources for humans, especially Brama brama in South Asia.  The earlier form of the pomfret's name was "pamflet", a word which probably ultimately comes from Portuguese pampo, referring to various fish such as the blue butterfish (Stromateus fiatola). The fish meat is white in color.
Mr. (Yoasobi song)
"Mr." (ミスター, Misutā) is a song by Japanese duo Yoasobi from their EPs, Hajimete no – EP and The Book 3 (2023). It was released on February 16, 2022, through Sony Music Entertainment Japan, as the first single from the short story collection project Hajimete no. Written by Ayase and based on 159th Naoki Prize-winning Rio Shimamoto's short story Watashi Dake no Shoyūsha, the song is about the desire of an android for their owner. Commercially, "Mr." reached number 11 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100, and number 19 on the Oricon Combined Singles Chart.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Tim Cresswell
Tim Cresswell, FBA, (born 1965) is a British human geographer and poet. Cresswell is the Ogilvie Professor of Human Geography at the University of Edinburgh having formerly served as the Dean of the Faculty and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Chingyan
Chingyan  (Sorani Kurdish: چنگیان) is a small Kurdish village located in Sharbazher District, within the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Situated at an elevation of around 1,250 m above sea level, it lies just a short distance from Sulaymaniyah city

Sulaymaniyah
Sulaymaniyah or Slemani (Kurdish: سلێمانی, romanized: Silêmanî; Arabic: السليمانية, romanized: as-Sulaymāniyyah), is a city in the east of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and is the capital of the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It is surrounded by the Azmar, Goizha and Qaiwan Mountains in the northeast, Baranan Mountain in the south and the Tasluja Hills in the west. The city has a semi-arid climate with very hot dry summers and cold wet winters.

The modern city of Slemani was founded in 1784 by the Ottoman-Kurdish prince Ibrahim Pasha Baban in Collaboration with Azim Beg and Haji Aziz Bey Aghal Dwanze Swarey Meriwane Jawamer Agha Rangena, who named it after his father Sulayman Pasha. Slemani was the capital of the historic Kurdish principality of Baban from 1784 to 1850.
Gmina Gorlice
Gmina Gorlice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Gorlice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 103.43 square kilometres (39.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 16,179.

Gorlice
Gorlice (pronounced [ɡɔrˈlʲit͡sɛ]) is a town and an urban municipality ("gmina") in south-eastern Poland with around 29,500 inhabitants (2008). It is situated south east of Kraków and south of Tarnów between Jasło and Nowy Sącz in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Nowy Sącz Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Gorlice County.
Mulenge
Mulenge is a village encircled by hills in the Kigoma groupement, within Bafuliiru Chiefdom, located in the Uvira Territory, South Kivu, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Perched on the Itombwe massif's high plateaus, it overlooks Uvira. Historically, the area has been inhabited by remnants of Bantu communities like the Fuliiru people whom are the original inhabitants of region, and some Nyindu communities. The region's economy is centered around agriculture, family livestock breeding, and fishing.

Nyindu people
The Nyindu people are a Bantu ethnic group predominantly located along the Ulindi River in the northern, western, and southern regions, as well as near the Kilungutwe River in the Mwenga Territory of South Kivu Province in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

According to the 1970 census, the total population of the Luindi Chiefdom was 14,920. By 1977, estimates put the Nyindu population at 15,000, with a population density of 14.6 persons per square kilometer in the Luindi Chiefdom.

The Nyindu are known for their agronomic customs, including the cultivation of staples such as Zea mays (maize), Manihot esculenta (cassava), and Phaseolus (beans). Additionally, they partake in animal husbandry, particularly focusing on bovine rearing.

The Nyindu societal structure is organized into clans, each governed by a chieftain who functions as a leader and arbitrator.
Bad Dürrheim
Bad Dürrheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈdʏʁhaɪm] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Diirä) is a town in the district of Schwarzwald-Baar, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated east of the Black Forest, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Donaueschingen, and 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Villingen.

From 1951 until 1978, Bad Dürrheim was a location of a broadcasting transmitter for mediumwave.

Villingen-Schwenningen
Villingen-Schwenningen (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪlɪŋən ˈʃvɛnɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Villinge-Schwenninge) is a city in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in southern Baden-Württemberg, in south-western Germany. It had 89,743 inhabitants as of September 2024.
Syd'Quan Thompson
Syd'Quan Thompson (born February 7, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected by the Broncos in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL draft.

Since 2022, Thompson has served as co-head coach of his alma mater, Grant Union High School in Sacramento, California. He has led the Pacers to two CIF state championships.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
Clock management
In gridiron football, clock management is an aspect of game strategy that focuses on the game clock and/or play clock to achieve a desired result, typically near the end of a match. Depending on the game situation, clock management may entail playing in a manner that either slows or quickens the time elapsed from the game clock, to either extend the match or hasten its end. When the desired outcome is to end the match quicker, it is analogous to "running out the clock" (and associated counter-tactics) seen in many sports. Clock management strategies are a significant part of American football, where an elaborate set of rules dictates when the game clock stops between downs, and when it continues to run.

Down (gridiron football)
A down in gridiron football is an attempt by the offensive team to run a play to advance the ball, while the defending team simultaneously attempts to halt their advance. The down is a distinguishing characteristic of the game compared to other codes of football, but is synonymous with the 6 "tackle" rule in rugby league.

The team in possession of the football has a limited number of downs (four in American football, three in Canadian football) to advance ten yards or more towards their opponent's goal line (end zone). If they advance ten yards, they are awarded a first down, or another set of downs to advance a further ten yards. If they fail to advance that far after using all of their downs, possession of the ball is turned over to the other team. In most situations if a team reaches the final down, they will punt to their opponent, which forces them to begin their drive from further down the field; if they are in range, they might instead attempt to kick a field goal.
Mishrat Jahan Moushumi
Mosammat Mishrat Jahan Moushumi (Bengali: মিসরাত জাহান মৌসুমী; born 8 June 2001) is a Bangladeshi professional women's footballer who plays as a midfielder or winger for both the Bangladesh Women's Football League club Bashundhara Kings Women and the Bangladesh women's national football team. Currently, she is the captain of the Bangladesh women's national U19 team which won the 2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship. She was also the member of AFC U-14 Girls' Regional Championship – South and Central winning Bangladesh U-14 team in Nepal in 2015. She played all matches at 2017 AFC U-16 Women's Championship qualification which held in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship
The 2018 SAFF U-18 Women's Championship was the first edition of the SAFF U-18 Women's Championship, an international football competition for women's under-18 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament was hosted from 28 September – 7 October 2018 at Changlimithang Stadium. Six teams from the region took part (Sri Lanka had its team withdrawn from the tournament).
Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)
Within artificial intelligence and operations research for constraint satisfaction a hybrid algorithm solves a constraint satisfaction problem by the combination of two different methods, for example variable conditioning (backtracking, backjumping, etc.) and constraint inference (arc consistency, variable elimination, etc.)

Hybrid algorithms exploit the good properties of different methods by applying them to problems they can efficiently solve. For example, search is efficient when the problem has many solutions, while inference is efficient in proving unsatisfiability of overconstrained problems.

Backjumping
In constraint programming and SAT solving, backjumping (also known as non-chronological backtracking or intelligent backtracking) is an enhancement for backtracking algorithms which reduces the search space. While backtracking always goes up one level in the search tree when all values for a variable have been tested, backjumping may go up more levels. In this article, a fixed order of evaluation of variables  is used, but the same considerations apply to a dynamic order of evaluation.

A search tree visited by regular backtracking

A backjump: the grey node is not visited
Jerzmanowo-Jarnołtów-Strachowice-Osiniec
Jerzmanowo-Jarnołtów-Strachowice-Osiniec (Polish pronunciation: [jɛʐmaˈnɔvɔ jarˈnɔwtuf straxɔˈvit͡sɛ ɔˈɕiɲɛt͡s]) is a district in Wrocław located in the western part of the city. It was established in the territory of the former Fabryczna district.

Osiedle
Osiedle [ɔˈɕɛdlɛ] (Polish plural: osiedla) is a term used in Poland to denote a designated subdivision or neighbourhood of a city or its dzielnica, or of a town, with its own council and executive. Like the dzielnica and sołectwo, an osiedle is an auxiliary unit (jednostka pomocnicza) of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have legal personality in their own right. In the case of an urban-rural gmina, it is also possible for a whole town to be designated an auxiliary unit.

Not all Polish cities or towns have osiedla in the above sense. However the word osiedle is also frequently used to denote any housing estate or development.
Hugh Watanabe
Hugh Watanabe (渡邉 飛勇, ワタナべ·ヒュー, Watanabe Hyū; born December 23, 1998), also known as Hugh Hogland, is a Japanese-American professional basketball player for Shinshu Brave Warriors of the B2 League. He played college basketball for the Portland Pilots and the UC Davis Aggies. Watanabe has been a member of the Japan national basketball team.

Portland Pilots men's basketball
The Portland Pilots men's basketball team represents the University of Portland, located in Portland, Oregon, United States, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They have played their home games at the Chiles Center since 1984, and are members of the West Coast Conference. The Pilots have appeared two times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 1996.