hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
U.S. Route 83 Business (McAllen, Texas)
Business US Route 83-S (Bus. US 83-S) is a business loop of US 83 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley region of Texas. The highway serves as the main street for many communities in the area, such as McAllen, Mission, San Juan, Alamo, and more.
This is the longest business loop in Texas, traveling almost 47 miles and is the third longest bannered US highway in the state; only US 90 Alternate and US 77 Alternate are longer.

U.S. Route 90 Alternate
U.S. Highway 90 Alternate is an alternate route to U.S. Highway 90 in Texas, United States, running from west of Seguin east via Seguin, Gonzales, Hallettsville, Eagle Lake, Rosenberg and Sugar Land to northeastern Houston. South of Downtown Houston, US 90 Alternate is built to freeway and near-freeway standards along a section of South Main Street.
Strain theory (sociology)
In the fields of sociology and criminology, strain theory is a theoretical perspective that aims to explain the relationship between social structure, social values or goals, and crime. Strain theory was originally introduced by Robert King Merton (1938), and argues that society's dominant cultural values and social structure causes strain, which may encourage citizens to commit crimes. Following on the work of Émile Durkheim's theory of anomie, strain theory has been advanced by Robert King Merton (1938), Albert K. Cohen (1955), Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin (1960), Neil Smelser (1963), Robert Agnew (1992), Steven Messner, Richard Rosenfeld (1994) and Jie Zhang (2012).

Lloyd Ohlin
Lloyd Edgar Ohlin (August 27, 1918 – December 6, 2008) was an American sociologist and criminologist who taught at Harvard Law School, Columbia University, and the University of Chicago. He studied the causes and effects of crime and punishment, especially as it related to youthful offenders and delinquents.
1996 Warsaw Cup by Heros – Doubles
Sandra Cecchini and Laura Garrone were the defending champions but only Garrone competed that year with Alexandra Fusai.

Fusai and Garrone lost in the final 1–6, 6–4, 7–5 against Olga Lugina and Elena Pampoulova.

Laura Garrone
Laura Garrone (born 15 November 1967 in Milan) is a former professional tennis player from Italy, a right handed player. She achieved a career high singles ranking of No. 32 on the 19th of January 1987 and a doubles ranking of world No. 50 in May 1991.

In her career, Garrone won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Her best Grand Slam finish was the fourth round at the 1986 French Open at Roland Garros. Adding to her WTA success, she secured four singles titles and five doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

She represented Italy in Barcelona, and she reached the second round of the women's doubles side by side her partner Raffaella Reggi-Conscato. Garrone earned a bronze medal as well in women's doubles at the 1983 Mediterranean Games in Casablanca.
Jay Manuel
Jay Manuel (born August 14, 1972) is a Canadian   TV host, creative director, make-up artist, and author. He is most recognizable as the creative director on the popular reality television show America's Next Top Model for the first eighteen seasons. Manuel also was featured as the host of Canada's Next Top Model.

Manuel is the founder and CEO of the beauty line Jay Manuel Beauty. In 2017, the brand opened its first retail location at Roosevelt Field Mall. Later that year, he was one of the judges for Miss Universe 2017. In 2020, he released his first book, The Wig, The Bitch & The Meltdown.

Roosevelt Field (shopping mall)
Roosevelt Field is a shopping mall in the East Garden City section of Uniondale, New York. It is the largest shopping mall on Long Island, the second-largest in the state of New York (after Destiny USA), and the eleventh-largest shopping mall in the United States.

Designed by architect I. M. Pei, Roosevelt Field Mall is owned and managed by Simon Property Group. It is the second most successful mall in the state. Major retailers at the mall include Primark, Dick's Sporting Goods, JCPenney, Macy's, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, and Neiman Marcus.
Krauss-Maffei ML 500 C
The Krauss-Maffei ML 500 C industrial and works locomotive was built between 1954 and 1966 by Krauss-Maffei.

When the Wilhelmsburg Industrial Railway (Wilhelmsburger Industriebahn) was taken in 1962 two units ended up in the Deutsche Bundesbahn fleet and were incorporated in it as DB Class V 50. Because there were sufficient Class V 60 locomotives available at that time, the two 'loners' were sold in 1964.

No. V 50 001 joined the Verden-Walsrode Railway Company, which re-sold it in 1983 to the track construction firm of  NEWAG. In 1995 it was bought by the Scheufelen Oberlenningen paper factory. In 2003 the Württemberg  Private Railway Museum at Nürtingen (WPN) took over the former works engine. It is now stationed at Neuffen and is operated by the  Railway Vehicle Preservation Company (Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung von Schienenfahrzeugen) or GES.

Deutsche Bundesbahn
Deutsche Bundesbahn (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbʊndəsˌbaːn], lit. 'German Federal Railway'), or DB ([deːˈbeː]), was formed  as the state railway of the newly established West Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.
Carrickmore
Carrickmore (from Irish an Charraig Mhór, meaning 'the big rock') is a small village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh East, the civil parish of Termonmaguirk and the Roman Catholic Parish of Termonmaguirc between Cookstown, Dungannon and Omagh. It had a population of 625 as of the 2021 census.

Barony (county division)
A barony is an administrative division of a county in Scotland, Ireland, outlying parts of England and historically France and Sardinia. As a barony is associated to a Baron and a county to a Count or Earl, it has a lower rank and importance than a county.
Pontyates
Pontyates (Welsh: Pont-iets) is a village straddling two communities situated in the Gwendraeth Valley halfway between Carmarthen and Llanelli in Carmarthenshire, West Wales. The population in 2011 was 1,449.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
Du Mu
Du Mu (Chinese: 杜牧; pinyin: Dù Mù; Wade–Giles: Tu4 Mu4; 803–852) was a Chinese calligrapher, poet, and politician who lived during the late Tang dynasty. His courtesy name was Muzhi (牧之), and art name Fanchuan (樊川).  He is best known for his lyrical and romantic quatrains.

Regarded as a major poet during a golden age of Chinese poetry, his name is often mentioned together with that of another renowned Late Tang poet, Li Shangyin, as the "Little Li-Du" (小李杜), in contrast to the "Great Li-Du": Li Bai and Du Fu. Among his influences were Du Fu, Li Bai, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.

Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.
County of Holzappel
The County of Holzappel (German: Grafschaft Holzappel) was an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

It was centered on the town of Holzappel. It was founded in 1643 by Peter Melander, an imperial field marshal during the Thirty Years' War. In 1806, the county lost its imperial immediacy and was mediatised to the Duchy of Nassau. It was dissolved in 1918.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.
James Gilchrist (tennis)
James Gilchrist (1 February 1919 – 29 February 2004) was an Australian tennis player. He was reaching his peak just as World war 2 broke out. After serving in the war, Gilchrist resumed his career. Gilchrist had a good serve and powerful forehand, but a weak backhand, though he worked hard to improve it. Gilchrist won several tournaments, but at the Australian championships he often lost to Bromwich or Quist, the two best Australian players of that era. Gilchrist made his Grand Slam debut at 1936 Australian championships and lost in round two to Adrian Quist. In 1938 he lost in round two to John Bromwich. In 1939 he reached the quarter-finals and lost to Jack Crawford in five sets. At the Australian championships in 1940, Gilchrist beat Jack Cummings before losing to Quist in round two. In 1947 he lost in round two of the Australian championships to Bromwich. In 1951 he lost in the second round to Quist.

Jack Cummings (tennis)
Regner Olaf "Jack" Cummings  (8 May 1901 – 22 January 1972) was an Australian tennis player.

Cummings finished runner-up to Jean Borotra at the Australian Championships, the future Australian Open, in 1928. He also reached the semifinals in 1931 and the quarterfinals in 1930. Cummings won the Queensland Championships in 1926 and 1930.

Cummings turned professional in late 1935.
Priyanka K
Priyanka K (born 2001) is an Indian chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master, which she earned in 2019. She won silver medal at 50th women's edition of Indian Chess Championship 2024 in Karaikudi, got qualified for the Women's Chess World Cup 2025 in Georgia

Women's Chess World Cup 2025
The Women's Chess World Cup 2025 was a 107-player single-elimination chess tournament that took place in Batumi, Georgia from 5 July to 29 July 2025. It was the third edition of the Women's Chess World Cup. The winner IM Divya Deshmukh, runner-up Koneru Humpy, and third-place finisher Tan Zhongyi qualified for the Women's Candidates Tournament 2026.

Unlike previous editions, the tournament was not held in parallel with the open Chess World Cup 2025.
Sarah Roberts (politician)
Sarah Roberts (born December 9, 1974) is an American politician from the state of Michigan.  Since 2009, she has served in the Michigan State House of Representatives. A Democrat, Roberts represents the 24th State House District, which is located in eastern Macomb County and includes the city of St. Clair Shores and Harrison Township, as well as the small portion of Grosse Pointe Shores that is located within Macomb County. Prior to being elected in 2008, Roberts represented Northern St. Clair Shores in the Macomb County Commission.

Harrison Township, Michigan
Harrison Charter Township is a charter township of Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 24,314 at the 2020 census.

Harrison Township was formed in 1827 in the Michigan Territory along the shores of Lake St. Clair. The township became a charter township in 1978.
Deer Creek (Pomme de Terre River tributary)
Deer Creek is a stream in Polk County in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. It is a tributary of the Pomme de Terre River.

The stream headwaters are located at 37°32′32″N 93°13′18″W﻿ / ﻿37.54222°N 93.22167°W﻿ / 37.54222; -93.22167 and the confluence with the Pomme de Terre is at 37°34′51″N 93°18′44″W﻿ / ﻿37.58083°N 93.31222°W﻿ / 37.58083; -93.31222. The stream arises to the southwest of the community of Schofield and flows southwest and then northwest passing under Missouri Route H and Missouri Route YY past Van before entering the Pomme de Terre south of Burns.

Deer Creek was so named on account of deer in the area.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Happy Days and Lonely Nights
"Happy Days and Lonely Nights" is a torch song written by Billy Rose and Fred Fisher, first recorded by The Harmony Brothers on May 18, 1928.  The song was successfully revived in the 1950s in the US by the Fontane Sisters and in the UK most successfully by Ruby Murray.

Ruby Murray
Ruby Florence Murray (29 March 1935 – 17 December 1996) was a Northern Irish singer. One of the most popular singers in Britain and Ireland in the 1950s, she scored ten hits in the UK Singles Chart between 1954 and 1959. She also made pop chart history in March 1955 by having five hits in the Top Twenty in a single week.
Semer, Suffolk
Semer is a small village and civil parish in Suffolk, England. Located adjacent to a bridge over the River Brett on the B1115 between Hadleigh and Stowmarket, it is part of Babergh district. The parish also contains the hamlets of Ash Street and Drakestone Green.

The parish was recorded in the 2011 census as having a population of 130, down from 158 in the previous census.

River Brett
The River Brett is a river in Suffolk, England. Its source is in the villages to the north of Lavenham and it flows through Hadleigh to its confluence with the River Stour via Monks Eleigh, Brent Eleigh and Chelsworth.
Nathan Pelle
Nathan Pelle is an American actor, producer, author and entrepreneur. He is known for his roles as Reginald Williams on the TV Series Worldstar Headquarters, Martin in the 2012 film Two Jacks, Thomas Knight in the 2015 series  CSI: Cyber and Homeless Skip in the 2022 series Send Help .

CSI: Cyber
CSI: Cyber (Crime Scene Investigation: Cyber) is an American police procedural drama television series that premiered on March 4, 2015, on CBS. The series, starring Patricia Arquette and Ted Danson, is the third spin-off of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and the fourth series in the CSI franchise. On May 12, 2016, CBS canceled the series after two seasons.
Double X: The Name of the Game
Double X: The Name of the Game (also known as Double X and The Name of the Game) is a 1992 British thriller film directed by Shani Grewal and starring Norman Wisdom, William Katt, Gemma Craven, Simon Ward, Bernard Hill and Chloë Annett. The screenplay was by Grewal based  on the short story Vengeance by David Fleming.

Simon Ward
Simon Anthony Fox Ward (16 October 1941 – 20 July 2012) was a British stage and film actor from Beckenham, England. He was known chiefly for his performance as Winston Churchill in the 1972 film Young Winston. He played many other screen roles, including those of Sir Monty Everard in Judge John Deed and Bishop Gardiner in The Tudors.
4383 Suruga
4383 Suruga, provisional designation 1989 XP, is a Vestian asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.5 kilometers in diameter and it was discovered on 1 December 1989, by Japanese astronomer Yoshiaki Oshima at Gekko Observatory, Japan. The asteroid was named after the former Japanese Suruga Province. Its synchronous minor-planet moon measures approximately 1.33 kilometers and has a period of 16.386 hours.

Suruga Province
Suruga Province (駿河国, Suruga no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [sɯꜜ.ɾɯ.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), -ɾɯ.ŋa-, sɯ.ɾɯ.ɡaꜜ-, -ɾɯ.ŋaꜜ-]) was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and was bordered by the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay to the south. Its abbreviated form name was Sunshū (駿州).
Yuji Nishida
Yuji Nishida (西田 有志, Nishida Yūji; born (2000-01-30)30 January 2000) is a Japanese left-handed volleyball player. Currently, Nishida plays as the captain of Osaka Bluteon at the club level.

Nishida made his debut with JTEKT Stings at V.League on 6 January 2018 in a match against Sakai's Osaka Blazers Sakai, and made his first international performance with the Japanese national team in 2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League.

Nishida transferred to play for Volley Callipo in the Italian Volleyball League for the 2021–22 season.

Nishida led the national team to seventh place at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, its best result in 29 years, as well as in 2024 Paris Olympics which they finished in 7th place after losing in the quarterfinal match to Italy.

Volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in volleyball at the 2024 Summer Olympics was the 16th edition of the event at the Summer Olympics, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Paris, France from 27 July to 10 August 2024. This was the first time in the history of the Olympic volleyball competition, each team participating was entitled to include one non-competing (AP) athlete to replace an athlete for medical reasons.

France won its second straight title by defeating Poland (3–0) in the gold medal match. The United States defeated Italy (3–0) in the bronze medal match.
Tudeh Youth Organization
Tudeh Youth Organization (Persian: سازمان جوانان توده, romanized: Sāzmān-e javānān-e Tuda) is the youth wing of the Tudeh Party of Iran that was founded in 1943. The organization is affiliated with World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY).

It published Mardom Baraye Javanan (lit. 'People for the Youth') weekly and then Razm (lit. 'Combat') daily newspapers.

The organization was led by Reza Radmanesh, who was succeeded by Nader Sharmini from 1947 to 1952. Under the leadership of the latter, the organization proposed more radical slogans while siding with the moderate faction of the party and attacking the hardliner faction for being not enough revolutionary.

In 1966, a split occurred in the organization when a group of members left the party because they considered themselves Maoist. They subsequently founded an organization named the Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party.

World Federation of Democratic Youth
The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist. WFDY was founded in London, United Kingdom, in 1945 as a broad international youth movement, organized in the context of the end of World War II with the aim of uniting youth from the Allies behind an anti-fascist platform that was broadly pro-peace, anti-nuclear war, expressing friendship between youth of the capitalist and socialist nations. The Federation was mostly sponsored and influenced by the Soviet Union and the organization mostly united youths from the Eastern Bloc and Non-Aligned nations. The WFDY Headquarters are in Budapest, Hungary. The main event of WFDY is the World Festival of Youth and Students. The last festival was held in Sochi, Russia, in October 2017. It was one of the first organizations granted general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Hatsuo Royama
Hatsuo Royama (盧山 初雄, Royama Hatsuo; born 31 March 1948) also known by his Korean name of Noh Cho Woong (Korean: 노초웅; Hanja: 盧初雄) is a master of Kyokushin Karate, was Kancho (Director) and now currently Kaicho (Honorary Director) of the Kyokushin-kan International Organization Honbu, one faction of the International Karate Organization (IKO) founded by Mas Oyama (1923–1994) until April 2022.

Mas Oyama
Masutatsu Ōyama (born Choi Yeong-eui; 27 July 1923 – 26 April 1994), commonly known outside Japan as Mas Oyama, was a Korean-Japanese karateka. He was the founder of Kyokushin Karate, considered the first and most influential style of full contact karate.
Katrin Mattscherodt
Katrin Mattscherodt (born 26 October 1981) is a German long track speed skater who participates in international competitions.  In the team pursuit final against Japan at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, she was a replacement for Anni Friesinger-Postma in the final (after Friesinger-Postma had problems finishing in the semifinal), and won a gold medal as part of the German team.

Anni Friesinger-Postma
Anna ("Anni") Christine Friesinger-Postma (born 11 January 1977) is a German former speed skater. Her father Georg Friesinger, of Germany, and mother Janina ("Jana") Korowicka, of Poland, were both skaters; Jana was on the Polish team at the 1976 Winter Olympics. Her brother Jan is also a speed skater. Her sister Agnes is a former speed skater. In July 2010, Friesinger retired from her active sports career when she had to be treated for severe cartilage damage in her right knee joint.

On 11 August 2009 Friesinger married former Dutch skater Ids Postma, her long-term boyfriend, at Schloss Mirabell. The celebration took place at Schloss Aigen. As of November 2013, Friesinger lives in Salzburg, Austria, and is planning to move to the Netherlands to live with Postma on his farm in Dearsum. In August 2011 she gave birth to a daughter. In May 2014, her second daughter was born.
Bion of Abdera
Bion of Abdera (c. 430 – 370 BC) (Greek: Βίων ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης, gen. Βίωνος) was a Greek mathematician and astronomer of Abdera, Thrace, and a pupil of Democritus. Strabo refers to him as an astrologer.  He wrote both in the Ionic and Attic dialects, and was the first who said that there were some parts of the Earth in which it was night for six months, while the remaining six months were one uninterrupted day. He also engaged in correlating the direction of winds with climate and is believed to have traveled to distant regions.

Democritus
Democritus (/dɪˈmɒkrɪtəs/, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus wrote extensively on a wide variety of topics.

None of Democritus' original work has survived, except through second-hand references. Many of these references come from Aristotle, who viewed him as an important rival in the field of natural philosophy. He was known in antiquity as the ‘laughing philosopher’ because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.