hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikki Chooi
Nikki Chooi (born January 31, 1989) is a Canadian classical violinist. Chooi is currently concertmaster of the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra. He previously served as concertmaster of the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra in New York. He is a prize winner of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition and Tchaikovsky International Violin Competition and first-prize winner of the 2013 Michael Hill International Violin Competition, Montreal Symphony Manulife Competition, and Klein International Strings Competition.

Queen Elisabeth Competition
The Queen Elisabeth Competition (Dutch: Koningin Elisabethwedstrijd, French: Concours musical international Reine Élisabeth) is an international competition for career-starting musicians held in Brussels. The competition is named after Queen Elisabeth of Belgium (1876–1965). It is a competition for classical violinists (since 1937), pianists (since 1938), singers (since 1988) and cellists (since 2017). It also used to hold international competitions for composers from 1953 to 2012. The Patron is Queen Mathilde of Belgium.

Since its foundation it has been considered one of the most challenging and prestigious competitions for instrumentalists. In 1957 the Queen Elisabeth Competition was one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.
Charles De Koninck
Charles De Koninck MSRC (29 July 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian. As director of the Department of Philosophy at the Université Laval in Quebec, he influenced Catholic philosophy in French Canada and also influenced Catholic philosophers in English Canada and the United States. The author of many books and articles in French and English, he contributed to a variety of philosophical fields including natural philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and political philosophy, but he also wrote on theology, especially Mariology.

De Koninck was the founder of the so-called Laval School of philosophy, and mentored a number of philosophers, including Ralph McInerny, who published an English translation of De Koninck's collected works.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
The Coral
The Coral are an English rock band, formed in 1996 in Hoylake on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside. The band emerged during the early 2000s. Their 2002 debut album The Coral, from which came the single "Dreaming of You", was nominated for the Mercury Music Prize and listed as the fourth best album of the year by NME. Their second album, Magic and Medicine (2003), produced four UK Top 20 singles, including  "Pass It On". In 2008, after guitarist Bill Ryder-Jones left the band, they continued as a five-piece.

Mercury Prize
The Mercury Prize, formerly called the Mercury Music Prize, is an annual music prize awarded for the best album released by a musical act from the United Kingdom or Ireland. It was created by Jon Webster and Robert Chandler in association with the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992 as an alternative to the Brit Awards.
Pirissi and Tulubri
Pirissi and Tulubri are a pair of messengers of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Pirissi and Tulubri are the messengers of King Tushratta of Mitanni, and are referenced in Amarna letters EA 27, 28, and EA 29, (EA for 'el Amarna').

Queen Tiye of the letter is the Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep III-(Akhenaten's father–(Akhenaten=Amenhotep IV)). The letter EA 28 is by King Tushratta of Mitanni, sent to Akhenaten, King of ancient Egypt.

Tushratta
Tushratta  (Akkadian: Tušratta and Tuišeratta) was a king of Mitanni, c. 1358–1335 BCE, at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the first half the reign of Akhenaten. He was the son of Shuttarna II. Tushratta stated that he was the grandson of Artatama I. His sister Gilukhipa (Gilu-ḫepa in Hurrian) and his daughter Tadukhipa (Tadu-ḫepa in Hurrian) were married to the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III; Tadukhipa later married Akhenaten, who took over his father's royal harem.

He had been placed on the throne after the murder of his brother Artashumara. He was probably quite young at the time and was destined to serve as a figurehead only, but he managed to dispose of the murderer. A tablet was found in a Mitanni building at Tell Brak which stated it was witnessed "in the presence of Tushratta, the king" and had a seal of an earlier king Shaushtatar on the reverse, which was a common practice.
Lamassu
Lama, Lamma, or Lamassu (Cuneiform: 𒀭𒆗, an.kal; Sumerian: dlammař; later in Akkadian: lamassu; sometimes called a lamassuse) is a Mesopotamian protective deity.

Initially depicted as a goddess in Sumerian times, when it was called Lamma, it was later depicted from Assyrian times as a hybrid of a human, bird, and either a bull or lion—specifically having a human head, the body of a bull or a lion, and bird wings, under the name Lamassu. In some writings, it is portrayed to represent a goddess. A less frequently used name is shedu (Cuneiform: 𒀭𒆘, an.kal×bad; Sumerian: dalad; Akkadian, šēdu), which refers to the male counterpart of a lamassu. Lamassu represent the zodiacs, parent-stars or constellations.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Abronia fimbriata
Abronia fimbriata is a species of lizard endemic to the mountains of east-central Guatemala, including Sierra de Xucaneb, Sierra de las Minas, Sierra de Chuacús and Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, and is found in the cloud forests at elevations of 1,400–2,100 m. Its extent of occurrence is estimated to be only 1,500 km2, and is considered to be endangered.

It is listed as endangered because of its very limited range within 1,500 km2, and its further decline of habitat will cause the population to fall since it is only found in the cloud forests. It is also traded illegally in the pet trade. The apparent threat to A. fimbriata's habitat is from agriculture and the exportation of ornamental Chamaedaphne calyculata plants to Japan and Europe.

Conservation efforts are being made to save A. fimbriata. It can be found in several protected areas such as Biotopo Universitario Mario Dary Rivera and Reserva de Biosfera Sierra de Las Minas and several private reserves.

Sierra de las Minas
Sierra de las Minas is a mountain range in eastern Guatemala which extends 130 km west of the Lake Izabal. It is 15–30 km wide and bordered by the valleys of the Polochic River in the north and the Motagua River in the south. Its western border is marked by the Salamá River valley which separates it from the Chuacús mountain range. The highest peak is Cerro Raxón at 3,015 m.
The Sierras (Chuacús) rich deposits of jade and marble have been mined for centuries. The small scale mining activities explain the name of the mountain range.

The range has several different habitats, including Mesoamerica's largest cloud forests and is home to a great variety of wildlife. A large part of the Sierra de las Minas was declared a biosphere reserve in 1990.
Unicast flood
In computer networking, a unicast flood occurs when a switch receives a unicast frame and the switch does not know that the addressee is on any particular switch port. Since the switch has no information regarding which port, if any, the addressee might be reached through, it forwards the frame through all ports aside from the one through which the frame was received.

Unicast
In computer networking, unicast is a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another point; that is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address.

Unicast is in contrast to multicast and broadcast which are one-to-many transmissions.

Internet Protocol unicast delivery methods such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are typically used.
George Francis Carline
George Francis Carline (11 July 1855 – 28 November 1920) was an oil and watercolour painter of landscapes and portraits. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Royal Institute of Painters in Watercolours, and the Dowdeswell Galleries, London.  He was a member of the Royal Society of British Artists and father of  artists Sydney, Hilda, and Richard Carline.

Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours (RI), initially called the New Society of Painters in Water Colours, is one of the societies in the Federation of British Artists, based in the Mall Galleries in London.
Phellodon secretus
Phellodon secretus is a rare species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae, described in 2003. The fungus has a distinctive growth habit, typically emerging in sheltered spaces beneath fallen pine trunks or rootstocks with only a few centimetres of gap between the soil and decayed wood. Its small, slender fruit bodies feature thin, cottony soft caps that are initially white with an ash-grey tint, becoming darker with age, and bear slender white to greyish spines on their underside. Originally found in old-growth pine woodlands in Finland, the species has since been recorded in England and detected through environmental DNA in several other countries, suggesting a wider Holarctic distribution.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Le più belle di... Alexia
Le più belle di... Alexia is the first budget compilation album of the singer Alexia, released in 2006 shortly before she left Sony. It is not regarded as an official Alexia hits compilation as it contains both singles and album tracks. Notably, nearly all of Alexia's physically released Italian singles except "Keep On Movin'", "Money Honey", "Summerlovers" and "Come tu mi vuoi (You Need Love)" are included with the album spanning six of Alexia's seven studio albums (Mad for Music excepted) and two compilation albums with all the new tracks featured on The Hits and Da grande featured. It was released on 22 June 2006 (Sony Code 711246), a few weeks before Alexia's final single with Sony "Du Du Du" which is not included on this release.

Mad for Music
Mad for Music is the fourth studio album by Italian singer Alexia released in 2001, and would be her final studio album to be sung exclusively in English. It was her first album that she had a hand co-producing and the first released since her split with DWA and Robyx. Some of the tracks would be recorded in Italian and included on her 2002 album Alexia.
Kortkerossky District
Kortkerossky District (Russian: Корткеросский райо́н; Komi: Кӧрткерӧс район, Körtkerös rajon) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twelve in the Komi Republic, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 19,760 square kilometers (7,630 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kortkeros. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 19,658, with the population of Izhma accounting for 20.0% of that number.

Komi language
Komi (коми кыв, komi kyv, IPA: [komi kɨv] ⓘ), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (зыран коми кыв, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.

Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.

It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.
Hieronim Chodkiewicz
Hieronim Chodkiewicz (Lithuanian: Jeronimas Chodkevičius; c. 1515 – 1561) was a nobleman from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who was Elder of Samogitia from 1545 until his death. He was son of Aleksander and brother of Hrehory and Yurii Chodkiewiczs. Due to the political success of Chodkiewicz and his brothers, the Chodkiewicz family became the second wealthiest family in the Grand Duchy after the Radziwiłłs according to a military census of 1567, a significant increase from the 1528 census when their father Alexander was 11th on the list. Chodkiewicz distanced himself from his Eastern Orthodox roots—he possibly converted to Catholicism around 1530 and to Lutheranism around 1550.

Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz
Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz (Lithuanian: Jonas Chodkevičius; Belarusian: Ян Геранімавіч Хадкевіч; c. 1537 – 4 August 1579) was a Lithuanian noble. He was Grand Pantler of Lithuania from 1559, Elder of Samogitia (1564–1579), Governor of Livonia (1566–1578), Grand Marshal of Lithuania (1566–1579),  Count of Shklow 1568, Castellan of Vilnius (1574–1579). He was the elder of Telšiai and Plateliai from 1566, of Rumšiškės from 1568, and of Kaunas from 1569.
Walter I Grenier
Walter I, of the House of Grenier, was the lord of Caesarea in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the 1120s until his death in the early 1150s. He clashed with his stepfather, Count Hugh II of Jaffa, over the lordship of Sidon, leading to a dramatic public accusation that Hugh intended to assassinate King Fulk. Walter in the end never received Sidon and spent his last years heavily indebted and marginalized.

Lordship of Sidon
The Lordship of Sidon (French: Saete/Sagette), later County of Sidon, was one of the four major fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader States. However, in reality, it appears to have been much smaller than the others and had the same level of significance as several neighbors, such as Toron and Beirut, which were sub-vassals.

Sidon was captured in December, 1110 during the Norwegian Crusade and given to Eustace I Grenier. The lordship was a coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea between Tyre and Beirut. It was conquered by Saladin in 1187 and remained in Muslim hands until it was restored to Christian control by German Crusaders in the Crusade of 1197. Julien Grenier sold it to the Knights Templar after it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1260 before the Battle of Ain Jalut. One of the vassals of the lordship was the Lordship of the Shuf.
Phone surveillance
Phone surveillance is the act of performing surveillance on phone conversations, location tracking, and data monitoring of a phone. Before the era of mobile phones, these used to refer to the tapping of phone lines via a method called wiretapping. Wiretapping has now been replaced by software that monitors the cell phones of users.

While mobile phone surveillance has been carried out by large organizations for a long time (e.g., to find clues of illegal activities), more and more of such surveillance is now carried out by individuals for personal reasons. For example, a parent may become a "text spy" to monitor a child's texting activity. This brings in the moral, ethical and legal question of who owns people's privacy.

Wiretapping
Wiretapping, also known as wire tapping or telephone tapping, is the monitoring of telephone and Internet-based conversations by a third party, often by covert means. The wire tap received its name because, historically, the monitoring connection was an actual electrical tap on an analog telephone or telegraph line. Legal wiretapping by a government agency is also called lawful interception. Passive wiretapping monitors or records the traffic, while active wiretapping alters or otherwise affects it.
Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti is an immunologist and one of the founding scientists of the inflammasome field, ranked among the top researchers in innate immunity. She is the Vice Chair of the Department of Immunology, Director of the Center of Excellence for Innate Immunity and Inflammation and holder of the Rose Marie Thomas Endowed Chair at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Her research interests include investigating fundamental mechanisms of innate immunity, including inflammasomes and inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, in infectious and inflammatory disease and cancer.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is a pediatric treatment and research hospital headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. Founded by entertainer Danny Thomas in 1962, it is a 501(c)(3) designated nonprofit medical corporation which focuses on children's catastrophic diseases, particularly leukemia and other cancers. In the 2021 fiscal year, St. Jude received $2 billion in donations. Daily operating costs average $1.7 million, but patients are not charged for care. St. Jude's covers some, but not all cancer-related costs. St. Jude treats patients up to age 21, and for some conditions, up to age 25.
Peter Hajba
Peter Hajba (born 15 December 1974), also known by his demoscene nickname Skaven, is a Finnish electronic musician, video game composer and graphic artist. His most recent project is with Remedy Entertainment as an animator, sound designer and graphic artist. Prior to working with Remedy, Hajba has been credited on games developed by 3D Realms, PopCap Games, Introversion Software Limited, Epic Games, and Housemarque.

Hajba was a member of the widely popular but now defunct demoscene group Future Crew, which produced some highly acclaimed demos during the 1990s. Despite having no formal training, he has won numerous awards for his music, including winning the Assembly music competition in 1993, 1995 and 2002.

In 2005, Hajba composed the soundtrack for the Text Mode Demo Contest invitation demo.

As of 2012, Hajba now regularly releases tracks on his SoundCloud page.

PopCap Games
PopCap Games, Inc. is an American video game developer based in Seattle and a subsidiary of Electronic Arts. The company was founded in 2000 by John Vechey, Brian Fiete, and Jason Kapalka.

Originally founded under the name Sexy Action Cool, their first title was a strip poker game which served as a revenue stream for future titles. PopCap has developed several games for computers, consoles, and mobile devices with their most popular games being Bejeweled, Peggle, Zuma, and Plants vs. Zombies. PopCap was acquired and became a subsidiary of Electronic Arts on July 12, 2011.
Astor Row
Astor Row is a group of 28 row houses on the south side of West 130th Street, between Fifth and Lenox Avenues in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, which were among the first speculative townhouses built in the area. Designed by Charles Buek, the houses were built between 1880 and 1883. Astor's grandson, William Backhouse Astor, Jr., was the driving force behind the development.

The design of the three-story brick, single-family houses is unusual, in that they are set back from the street. All have front and side yards – an oddity in Manhattan – as well as wooden porches. The first group of houses, numbers 8 through 22, comprises freestanding pairs, while the remainder, numbers 24 through 60, are connected together at the rear.

The Astor Row houses were designated New York City Landmarks on August 11, 1981.

William Backhouse Astor Jr.
William Backhouse Astor Jr. (July 12, 1829 – April 25, 1892) was an American businessman, racehorse owner/breeder, and yachtsman who was a member of the prominent Astor family.  His wife, Caroline Schermerhorn Astor, served as the leader of New York society's "Four Hundred" during the Gilded Age.
Andrés Fontecilla
Andrés Fontecilla (born 20 September 1967) is a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in the 2018 provincial election, representing the electoral district of Laurier-Dorion as a member of Québec solidaire.

He was co-spokesperson of the party, along with Françoise David, from 2013 to 2017.

Following his election in the 2022 provincial election, he was chosen to lead the issues of Housing and Dwelling, Immigration, Francisation and Integration, Fight against Racism, and Public Safety.

2018 Quebec general election
The 2018 Quebec general election was held on October 1, 2018, to elect members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  The election saw a landslide victory for the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ) led by François Legault, which won 74 of 125 seats, giving the party a majority and unseating the Quebec Liberal Party. The Liberals became the official opposition with 31 seats.

This election was the first won by the CAQ, which had previously been the third party in the legislature. It was also the first since 1966 that had been won by a party other than the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
Hinduism in the United Arab Emirates
Hinduism is the third largest religion in the United Arab Emirates and Hindus constitute around 6.6%-15% of the population in the nation. Hinduism is followed mainly by the significant Nepali and Indian population in the United Arab Emirates.

Indians in the United Arab Emirates
Indians in the United Arab Emirates constitute the largest part of the population of the country. Over 4.3 million Indian expats are estimated to be living in the United Arab Emirates, with over 35% of the country's total population and the second highest number of overseas Indians in the world after the United States, ahead of Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Indian contact with the emirates that now constitute the UAE dates back several centuries, as a result of trade and commerce between the emirates and India. The UAE has experienced a tremendous increase in the population of resident Indians who initially migrated to the country as a result of opportunities in petroleum. Now, Indians are key to the UAE's construction, retail, financial services, healthcare, manufacturing and transport sectors. A sizeable minority of Indian migrants are involved in professional services and entrepreneurship. Relations between India and the UAE have traditionally been very friendly.