hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Barnes (British politician)
Richard Michael Barnes (born 1 December 1947) is a British politician, who was the Deputy Mayor of London from 2008 to 2012. A former member of the Conservative Party, Barnes served as  the Leader of the Conservatives on the London Assembly from 2007 to 2008, and was the  Member of the London Assembly (AM) for Ealing and Hillingdon from 2000 to 2012, when he lost his seat to Labour. On 30 September 2014, Barnes defected to the UK Independence Party (UKIP).

London Assembly
The London Assembly is a 25-member elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds supermajority, to amend the mayor's annual budget and to reject the mayor's draft statutory strategies. The London Assembly was established in 2000. It is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the mayor.
Princetown
Princetown is a village located within Dartmoor national park in the English county of Devon. It is the principal settlement of the civil parish of Dartmoor Forest. At the 2021 census, the village had a population of 1,443.

The village has its origins in 1785, when Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, then secretary to the Prince of Wales, leased a large area of moorland from the Duchy of Cornwall estate, hoping to convert it into good farmland. He encouraged people to live in the area and suggested that a prison be built there. He called the settlement Princetown after the Prince of Wales.

Princetown is the site of Dartmoor Prison. At around 1,430 feet (435 m) above sea level, it is the highest settlement on the moor, and one of the highest in the United Kingdom. It is also the largest settlement located on the high moor. The Princetown Railway, closed in 1956, was also the highest railway line in England: its Princetown terminus was also 1,430 feet above sea level.

Princetown Railway
The Princetown Railway was a 10¼ mile single track branch railway line in Devon, England, that ran from Yelverton on the Plymouth to Tavistock line, to Princetown via four intermediate stations, Dousland, Burrator and Sheepstor Halt, Ingra Tor Halt and King Tor Halt. The line closed in 1956 and today forms part of a popular cycling and walking route.
Harry Statham
Harry Statham (born May 30, 1937) is an American former basketball coach. He is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) Basketball Hall of Fame. His 1,122 wins during his 52 seasons at McKendree University of Lebanon, Illinois, were the third-most by any men's or women's basketball head coach at a four-year college or university in the United States. This includes any and all levels or divisions of the NCAA and NAIA. The only other coaches at a four-year school with 1,000 or more wins are Pat Summitt, Danny Miles, Mike Krzyzewski, Herb Magee, Tara VanDerveer, Geno Auriemma, Jim Boeheim, and Sylvia Hatchell.

On March 7, 2012, Statham was named as one of the coaches on the NAIA 75th Anniversary All-Star Team.

McKendree University
McKendree University (McK), formerly McKendree College, is a private university in Lebanon, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1828 as the "Lebanon Seminary", it is the oldest college or university in Illinois. The school was renamed McKendree University beginning in the 2007–08 academic year. McKendree enrolls approximately 1,960 students representing 25 countries and 29 states. In the undergraduate program, on average, there are 51% females and 49% males. The institution remains affiliated with the United Methodist Church.
Base rate fallacy
The base rate fallacy, also called base rate neglect or base rate bias, is a type of fallacy in which people tend to ignore the base rate (e.g., general prevalence) in favor of the  information pertaining only to a specific case. Base rate neglect is a specific form of the more general extension neglect.

It is also called the prosecutor's fallacy or defense attorney's fallacy when applied to the results of statistical tests (such as DNA tests) in the context of law proceedings. These terms were introduced by William C. Thompson and Edward Schumann in 1987, although it has been argued that their definition of the prosecutor's fallacy extends to many additional invalid imputations of guilt or liability that are not analyzable as errors in base rates or Bayes's theorem.

Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/), gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing the probability of a cause to be found given its effect. For example, with Bayes' theorem, the probability that a patient has a disease given that they tested positive for that disease can be found using the probability that the test yields a positive result when the disease is present. The theorem was developed in the 18th century by Bayes and independently by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

One of Bayes' theorem's many applications is Bayesian inference, an approach to statistical inference, where it is used to invert the probability of observations given a model configuration (i.e., the likelihood function) to obtain the probability of the model configuration given the observations (i.e., the posterior probability).
State Highway 50 (Kerala)
State Highway 50 (SH 50) is a State Highway in Kerala, India that starts in Chavakkad and ends in Wadakkancherry. The highway is 31.515 km long.

This highway is a two lane highway. It ends at Wadakkanchery junction and combines with SH 22 Shornur-Kodungallor route. Many people travel through this route, mainly to visit Guruvayoor temple. It ends at NH 66.

Wadakkancherry, Thrissur
Wadakkancherry (IPA: [ʋɐɖɐkːaːɲdʒeːɾi]) is a major town in Thrissur, Kerala. Up until 1860, this area was part of Chelakkara Taluk. It is the headquarters of Talappilly Taluk. Wadakkanchery obtained municipality status from the government by merging with the Mundathikode panchayath. There are two places with similarly pronounced names: Wadakanchery and Vadakkenchery (the latter in Palakkad district).
Stefan Stanković
Stefan Stanković (Serbian: Стефан Станковић; Sremski Karlovci, Austrian Empire, 24 June 1788 - Sremski Karlovci, Austrian Empire, 31 July 1841) was a Serbian Orthodox bishop from the Eparchy of Buda and Metropolitan of Karlovci from 1836 to 1841, succeeding Stefan Stratimirović. He was succeeded by Metropolitan Josif Rajačić.

Metropolitanate of Karlovci
The Metropolitanate of Karlovci (Serbian: Карловачка митрополија, romanized: Karlovačka mitropolija) was a metropolitanate of the Eastern Orthodox Church that existed in the Habsburg monarchy between 1708 and 1848. Between 1708 and 1713, it was known as the Metropolitanate of Krušedol, and between 1713 and 1848, as the Metropolitanate of Karlovci. In 1848, it was elevated to the Patriarchate of Karlovci, which existed until 1920, when it was merged with the Metropolitanate of Belgrade and other Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the newly established  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to form the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Budd XR-400
The XR-400 was a fully operational concept car. A "sporty" youth-oriented convertible was built in 1962 by the Budd Company, an independent body builder in Detroit, Michigan, for evaluation by the fourth largest U.S. automaker at the time, American Motors Corporation (AMC).

Convertible
A convertible or cabriolet (/ˌkæbrioʊˈleɪ/) is a passenger car that can be driven with or without a roof in place. The methods of retracting and storing the roof vary across eras and manufacturers.

A convertible car's design allows an open-air driving experience, with the ability to provide a roof when required. A potential drawback of convertibles is their reduced structural rigidity (requiring significant engineering and modification to counteract the side effects of almost completely removing a car's roof).

The majority of convertible roofs are of a folding construction framework with the actual top made from cloth or other fabric. Other types of convertible roofs include retractable hardtops (often constructed from metal or plastic) and detachable hardtops (where a metal or plastic roof is manually removed and often stored in the trunk).
Custom House, City of London
The Custom House, on the north bank of the Thames in the City of London, is a building which was formerly used for the collection of customs duties. A custom house has been present in the area since the 14th century, and a building on its current site has been rebuilt on a number of occasions. Today the Custom House is used by His Majesty's Revenue and Customs. The address is 20 Lower Thames Street, EC3. Custom House is neighboured on the waterfront by Sugar Quay to the east and Old Billingsgate Market to the west.

HM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly HM Revenue and Customs) is a  department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage and the issuance of national insurance numbers.

HMRC was formed by the merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, which took effect on 18 April 2005. The department's logo is the Tudor Crown enclosed within a circle.
Polyalkylimide
Polyalkylimide is a polymer whose structure contains no free monomers. It is used in permanent dermal fillers to treat soft tissue deficits such as facial lipoatrophy, gluteal atrophy, acne, and scars.

In plastic and reconstructive surgery it is used for building facial volume in the cheeks, chin, jaw, and lips. Reports of infections and migration of polyalkylimide in the face has led Canada to remove it from the market, and the manufacturer of Biolcamid ceasing production. A class action lawsuit was filed against the company.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Arch Grant
Archibald Wesley Grant, almost universally known as Arch Grant, BEM (5 February 1911 – 21 February 2005) was a minister, army chaplain and historian that spent much of his life in the Northern Territory of Australia.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
CAR-NK
CAR-NK cells (chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells) are an emerging form of cellular immunotherapy for cancer. Researchers engineer natural killer (NK) cells, innate immune effectors, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target specific tumor-associated antigens. Unlike CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells offer advantages such as reduced risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), enabling "off-the-shelf" allogeneic use. As of 2025, CAR-NK therapies show promise in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, with ongoing trials exploring their potential in autoimmune diseases.

Cytokine release syndrome
In immunology, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a form of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that can be triggered by a variety of factors such as infections and certain drugs. It refers to cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) and occurs when large numbers of white blood cells are activated and release inflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate yet more white blood cells. CRS is also an adverse effect of some monoclonal antibody medications, as well as adoptive T-cell therapies.

The term cytokine storm is often used interchangeably with CRS but, despite the fact that they have similar clinical phenotype, their characteristics are different. When occurring as a result of a therapy, CRS symptoms may be delayed until days or weeks after treatment. Immediate-onset CRS is a cytokine storm, although severe cases of CRS have also been called cytokine storms.
Joseph Bell (Mississippi politician)
Joseph Bell (c. 1811 - March 17, 1885) was an American Democratic politician. He was the 10th Secretary of State of Mississippi, serving from December 1850 to January 1852. He also represented Winston County in both houses of the Mississippi Legislature.

Secretary of State of Mississippi
The Mississippi secretary of state is an officer of Mississippi originally established under the Article IV, §14 of Mississippi Constitution of 1817, and was reestablished under Article V, §133 of the Mississippi Constitution of 1890.

Several African Americans served in the office during the Reconstruction era. The current secretary of state is Michael Watson.
Raph Graybill
Raphael Jeffrey Carlisle "Raph" Graybill (born February 20, 1989) is an American attorney who served as chief legal counsel to Steve Bullock, the governor of Montana, from 2017 to 2021. Graybill was a candidate for attorney general of Montana in the 2020 general election, losing to Republican nominee Austin Knudsen. As running mate to Ryan Busse, Graybill ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor in Montana's 2024 gubernatorial election.

Montana Department of Justice
The Montana Department of Justice is a state law enforcement agency of Montana. The Department is equivalent to the State Bureau of Investigation in other states.

The Montana Attorney General, currently Republican Austin Knudsen, heads the agency.
Tamashowka
Tamashowka (Belarusian: Тамашоўка, romanized: Tamašoŭka; Russian: Томашовка, romanized: Tomashovka; Polish: Tomaszówka; Ukrainian: Томашівка, romanized: Tomashivka) is an agrotown in Brest District, Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of the Tamashowka rural council (selsoviet). It is situated near the tripoint joining Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus, in the attractive touristic region of Polesia. The town is located near the Bug River, 170 meters above sea level.

In 2009, the settlement had 1,131 inhabitants, and 1,235 in 2019. As of 2023, it has a population of 1,161.

Tamashowka has a high school, library, and culture house. The built-up areas end at Brest inbound rail, there is a railway station connected to Wlodawa. There is also a sanatorium in the settlement. Attractions include the Orthodox Church and the museum of astronautics, located on the premises of the high school.

Brest district
Brest district (Belarusian: Брэсцкі раён; Russian: Брестский район) is a district (raion) of Brest region in Belarus. Its administrative center is Brest, which is administratively separated from the district. As of 2024, it has a population of 45,658.
Church of Our Lady of Ostrobrama, Bristol
Our Lady of Ostrobrama (Polish: Kościół Matki Bożej Ostrobramskiej), formerly Arley Chapel, is a mid-19th-century church on Arley Hill, Cotham, Bristol, England. Built in 1855 as a Congregational chapel to designs by Foster & Wood, it has been the principal Polish Roman Catholic church in Southwest England since 1968, and is a Grade II listed building.

The church serves an estimated 1,200 worshippers and functions as a regional centre for the Polish Catholic Mission. In May 2016 it hosted a gathering of eighty Polish clergy for the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy.

Traditional Polish devotions remain prominent; hundreds attend the annual Święconka. The premises also serve the wider diaspora as a polling station for Polish national elections.

John Foster (architect, born 1830)
John Foster (30 May 1830 - 4 June 1880), was an English architect and partner in the architectural practice of Foster & Wood of Park Street, Bristol who designed a number of well known buildings erected in Bristol in the 19th century. "It must sometimes seem that the whole of 19th-century Bristol, or at least all of its significant buildings, owed their design to the firm of Foster and Wood".
Nadezhda Kolesnikova
Nadezhda Nikolayevna Kolesnikova (Russian: Надежда Николаевна Колесникова; née Drobinskaya (Russian: Дробинская); 31 August [12 September] 1882 – 18 March 1964)) was a Russian revolutionary and educator. She served as People's Commissar of Education of the Baku Council of People's Commissars, a rector of the Academy of Communist Education named after Nadezhda Krupskaya (1929–1933), and a delegate of the 15th and 16th Congresses of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 26 June – 13 July 1930 in Moscow. The congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was attended by 1,268 voting delegates and 891 delegates with observer status. It elected the 16th Central Committee.

An exercise of devotion to Joseph Stalin, this is the last congress to be dominated by the original leadership of the Soviet Union.
Ohio's 14th congressional district
The 14th congressional district of Ohio is in the far northeast corner of the state, bordering Lake Erie and Pennsylvania. It is currently represented in the United States House of Representatives by Republican Dave Joyce.

As defined in January 2023, it contains all of Ashtabula, Lake, Trumbull and Geauga counties, and nearly all of Portage county.

Trumbull County, Ohio
Trumbull County is located in the far northeast portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 201,977. Its county seat and largest city is Warren, which developed industry along the Mahoning River. Trumbull County is part of the  Youngstown–Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
William Gregory (chemist)
William Gregory FRCPE FRSE FCS (25 December 1803 – 24 April 1858) was a Scottish physician and chemist. He studied under and translated some of the works of Justus von Liebig, the German chemist. Gregory also had interests in mesmerism and phrenology.

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.
La'Vere Corbin-Ong
La'Vere Lawrence Corbin-Ong (born 22 April 1991) is a professional footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League club Johor Darul Ta'zim and the Malaysia national team. Mainly a left-back, he is also capable of playing occasionally as a centre-back or left-midfielder. He is known for his long throw-ins and defensive attributes.

Born in England, he previously represented the Canada national team before switching to represent Malaysia in 2019.

Malaysia Super League
The Malaysia Super League (Malay: Liga Super Malaysia), known simply as the Super League (Malay: Liga Super), is the men's top professional football division of the Malaysian football league system. Administered by the Football Malaysia Limited Liability Partnership (FMLLP), now known as the Malaysian Football League (MFL), the Malaysia Super League is contested by 13 clubs. Until 2022, it operated on a system of promotion and relegation with the Malaysia Premier League, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated and replaced by the promoted top two teams in that division. It has replaced the former top-tier league, Liga Perdana 1, which ran from 1998 to 2003.

37 clubs have competed since the inception of the Malaysia Super League in 2004, with eight winning the title (Selangor, Kedah Darul Aman, Kelantan, Sri Pahang, Perlis, Negeri Sembilan, LionsXII and Johor Darul Ta'zim). The current champions are Johor Darul Ta'zim, which won their eleventh title in the 2024–25 edition.
Childbirth in Thailand
This article documents traditional and some modern childbirth practices in Thailand. Traditional principles are largely influenced by the folk beliefs in Central and North Thailand, and modern practices by the western medical model.

Thai folklore
Thai folklore is a diverse set of mythology and traditional beliefs held by the Thai people. Most Thai folklore has a regional background for it originated in rural Thailand. With the passing of time, and through the influence of the media, large parts of Thai folklore have become interwoven with the wider popular Thai culture.

Phraya Anuman Rajadhon (1888–1969) was the first Thai scholar to seriously study local folkloristics. He took copious notes on humble details of his culture such as the charms used by Thai shopkeepers to attract customers. He also studied in depth the oral literature related to different village spirits and ghosts of Thai lore.
Eric Hilgendorf
Eric Andreas Hilgendorf (German: [ˈhɪlɡn̩dɔʁf]; born 3 December 1960) is a German professor of law and legal philosopher.  He holds  the Chair in Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Legal Theory, and Information and Computer Science Law at the University of Würzburg. Hilgendorf is one of Germany's most influential scholars in the field of criminal law, with special focuses on IT law as well as on artificial intelligence and law.

University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.

The University of Würzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group. In the winter semester 2022/2023, 26,787 students were enrolled, of which 16,351 were women and 3,250 were first semester university students. The University is associated with 14 Nobel laureates.