hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arnie Johnson
Arnitz L. Johnson (May 16, 1920  –  June 6, 2000) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Rochester Royals of the National Basketball League (NBL) and National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1946 to 1953. Johnson is the only basketball player from Bemidji State to play in the NBA.

Bemidji State Beavers
The Bemidji State Beavers are the athletic teams that represent Bemidji State University, located in Bemidji, Minnesota, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Beavers compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference for all 14 varsity sports with the exceptions of men's and women's ice hockey, which respectively compete as members of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) and Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA).
National Highway 119A (India)
National Highway 119A (NH-119A) or Patna-Arrah-Sasaram corridor is an under-construction 4-lane wide national highway in Bihar, India. The NH-119A connects NH-131G at Sadisopur in Patna district to NH-19 at Suara near Dehri-on-Sone in Rohtas district, via Arrah in Bhojpur district.

This highway is a spur of NH-19 and mostly runs along Sone river. A new bridge shall be constructed on Sone near Jalpura Tapa in Bhojpur connecting Ghoratap in Patna district.

Dehri
Dehri (also spelled as Dehree) also known as Dehri-on-Sone is a Nagar parishad and corresponding community development block in Rohtas district in the state of Bihar, India. Situated on the banks of Sone River, Dehri is a railway hub, and is adjoining Dalmianagar that used to be an industrial town.
Timeline of computing 2020–present
This article presents a detailed timeline of events in the history of computing from 2020 to the present. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing.

Significant events in computing include events relating directly or indirectly to software, hardware and wetware.
Excluded (except in instances of significant functional overlap) are:

events in general robotics

events about uses of computational tools in biotechnology and similar fields (except for improvements to the underlying computational tools) as well as events in media-psychology except when those are directly linked to computational tools

Currently excluded are:

events in computer insecurity/hacking incidents/breaches/Internet conflicts/malware if they are not also about milestones towards computer security

events about quantum computing and communication

economic events and events of new technology policy beyond standardization

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Asghar Kardoust
Asghar Kardoust Poustinsaraei (Persian: اصغر كاردوست پوستین‌سرایی, born March 21, 1986) is an Iranian professional basketball player. He currently plays for Naft Abadan in the Iranian Super League as well as for the Iranian national basketball team, as a center. He participated in his first major international competition for the Iranian team at the 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey.

Iranian Basketball Super League
The Iranian Basketball Super League (IBSL) is a professional men's basketball league in Iran. It was founded in 1998. The current champions is Shahrdari Gorgan. The league follows the promotion and relegation system in which the worst two teams are relegated to 1st Division.
Sydanie
Sydanie is a Canadian rapper from Toronto, Ontario. She was highlighted as one of the new faces of Canadian hip hop, specifically in the Toronto music scene, by CBC and The Globe and Mail. Her album, 999, was long-listed for the 2019 Polaris Music Prize.

2019 Polaris Music Prize
The 2019 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 16, 2019. Haviah Mighty won the $50,000 prize for her debut album 13th Floor, becoming the first Black woman and first hip hop artist to win the prize.
Holger Kammerhoff
Holger Kammerhoff (born 5 March 1945) is a retired German Army lieutenant general. He was commander of the Operations Command of the German Armed Forces from 2004 to 2006, commander of the Kosovo Force from 2003 to 2004, and commander of Eurocorps from 2001 to 2003.

Einsatzführungskommando
The Operational Command of the Bundeswehr (Einsatzführungskommando der Bundeswehr) (EinsFüKdoBw) in Schwielowsee (district Geltow) near Potsdam was a Bundeswehr headquarters responsible for operational missions that was directly subordinate to the Federal Ministry of Defence, and has been directly subordinate to the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr (armed forces chief) from April 1, 2012 to March 30, 2025. It was established in 2001 and was disbanded in 2025 when it and the Territorial Command (Territoriales  Führungskommando, TerrFüKdoBw) were replaced by the newly established Operatives Führungskommando ((OpFüKdoBw) to which all functions of both commands were transferred.
2017 Algerian Super Cup
The 2017 Algerian Super Cup was the  11th edition of the Algerian Super Cup, a football match contested by the winners of the 2016–17 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 and 2016–17 Algerian Cup competitions. It is known as the Mobilis Supercoupe d'Algérie 2017 due to the start of a sponsorship deal with Mobilis ATM The match was played on November 1, 2017 at Chahid Hamlaoui Stadium in Constantine. between 2016-17 Ligue 1 winners ES Sétif and 2016–17 Algerian Cup winners CR Belouizdad.

Chahid Hamlaoui Stadium
Chahid Hamlaoui Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الشهيد حملاوي) is a multi-use stadium in Constantine, Algeria.  It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has an actual capacity of 22,968 people. It serves as the home ground of CS Constantine and MO Constantine.
John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe
Admiral of the Fleet John Rushworth Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, GCB, OM, GCVO, SGM, DL (5 December 1859 – 20 November 1935) was a Royal Navy officer. He fought in the Anglo-Egyptian War and the Boxer Rebellion and commanded the Grand Fleet at the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 during the First World War. His handling of the fleet at that battle was controversial. Jellicoe made no serious mistakes and the German High Seas Fleet retreated to port, at a time when defeat would have been catastrophic for Britain, but the public was disappointed that the Royal Navy had not won a more dramatic victory given that they outnumbered the enemy. Jellicoe later served as First Sea Lord, overseeing the expansion of the Naval Staff at the Admiralty and the introduction of convoys, but was relieved at the end of 1917. He also served as the governor-general of New Zealand in the early 1920s.

Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)
Admiral of the Fleet (ADMF) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Royal Navy, formally established in 1688. The five-star NATO rank code is OF-10, equivalent to a field marshal in the British Army or a marshal of the Royal Air Force.  Apart from honorary appointments, no new admirals of the fleet have been named since 1995, and no honorary appointments have been made since 2014.
CD Olímpic de Xàtiva
Club Deportivo Olímpic de Xàtiva is a Spanish football team based in Xàtiva, in the Valencian Community. Founded in 1932 it currently plays in Lliga Comunitat – South, holding home games at Campo de Futbol La Murta.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Valencian Community, are organized by the Valencian Football Federation (FFCV):

Lliga Comunitat (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid – starting from the 2023–24 season)

Primera FFCV (former Regional Preferente – Level 7)

Segona FFCV (former Primera Regional – Level 8)

Tercera FFCV (former Segunda Regional – Level 9)
Iran–Pakistan border skirmishes
A series of occasional skirmishes have occurred along the Iran–Pakistan border between Iran and Pakistan since 2014. Both countries have accused each other of funding militant groups against each other, particularly related to Baloch nationalism. Iran has accused Pakistan of sheltering and supporting groups such as Jaysh al-Adl, who actively engage in insurgency against the Iranian government. On the other hand, Pakistan has accused Iran of sheltering and supporting groups such as the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF), who actively engage in Insurgency in Balochistan against the Pakistani government with the goal of creating an independent Balochistan.

Despite these allegations, both countries have significantly cooperated with each other to combat Baloch militancy and ensure regional stability.

Balochistan Liberation Front
The Balochistan Liberation Front (Balochi: بلۏچستان آجوییءِ سنگر, abbreviated BLF) is an Afghanistan-based Baloch ethnonationalist separatist militant group actively waging an insurgency in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

The separatist group was founded by Jumma Khan Marri in 1964 in Damascus, Syria and played an important role in the 1968–1973 insurgency in Sistan and Balochistan province of Iran and 1973–1977 insurgency in Balochistan province of Pakistan.

The group re-emerged in 2004 after Allah Nazar Baloch took command of the militant group in 2003. Since then, the BLF has taken responsibility for attacks on Pakistani soldiers and policemen. The group has also claimed responsibility for massacres of non-Baloch civilians inside Balochistan.

In 2016, Allah Nazar Baloch expressed openness to receiving financial and other forms of support from India. He also vowed to continue targeting the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), segments of which pass through Balochistan.
Reigate Hundred
Reigate was a hundred in the historic county of Surrey, England. It was geographically consonant with the southern two thirds of the current Borough of Reigate and Banstead together with two parishes in Tandridge and fractions of former parishes in the London Borough of Croydon and Borough of Crawley, West Sussex.  Accordingly, it included the medieval-established town of Reigate with its motte castle and land which became the towns of Redhill and Horley.

Reigate and Banstead
51°14′56″N 0°09′36″W﻿ / ﻿51.249°N 0.160°W﻿ / 51.249; -0.160

Reigate and Banstead is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England. Its council is based in Reigate and the borough also includes the towns of Banstead, Horley and Redhill. Parts of the borough are within the Surrey Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Northern parts of the borough, including Banstead, lie inside the M25 motorway which encircles London.

The neighbouring districts are Tandridge, Crawley, Mole Valley, Epsom and Ewell, Sutton and Croydon, the latter two being London boroughs.
Iru hillfort
The Iru hillfort (Estonian: Iru linnamägi or Iru Linnapära) is an ancient hillfort located in Tallinn, Estonia. First established in the Bronze Age, it was a  major hillfort in Ancient Estonia, and is on the banks of the Pirita river near to Estonia's northern coast.

The Iru hillfort was at the height of its prosperity during the Viking Age, before starting to decline in the 10th century as settlement grew in Tallinn Old Town. Iru is commonly described as the predecessor of the modern Estonian capital Tallinn, and today lies within Tallinn's city limits.

Pirita (river)
The Pirita (Estonian: Pirita jõgi) is a 105 km (65 mi) long river in northern Estonia that drains into the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea in the Pirita district of the capital city Tallinn. The basin area of the river is 799 km2.

As part of the Tallinn water supply system, the Pirita is impounded into the Paunküla and Vaskjala reservoirs. The reservoir in Vaskjala is connected over a canal to the Lake Ülemiste in Tallinn, where the Ülemiste Water Treatment Plant is situated. Additional water is directed to the Pirita from the Jägala, Soodla, and Pärnu rivers through a canal network that joins the Pirita in Veskitaguse.

During the 1980 Summer Olympics, the estuary of the Pirita River and adjacent Tallinn Bay hosted the sailing events.

Spring flooding on the headwaters in Kose

Pedestrian bridge in Kose

Aerial view of the Pirita near Jüri

Arch bridge over the frozen Pirita in winter in Kose
Josh Jones (offensive lineman)
Joshua Jones (born June 22, 1997) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Houston Cougars and was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the third round of the 2020 NFL draft.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Cotham, Bristol
Cotham /ˈkɒtəm/ is an area of Bristol, England, about one mile (1.5 kilometres) north of the city centre. It is an affluent, leafy, inner city suburb situated north of the neighbourhoods of Kingsdown and St Paul’s.

Cotham is closely related to the neighbourhood of Redland to the north, with the Severn Beach Railway Line broadly marking where Cotham ends and Redland begins, though Ward boundaries show Cotham extending to Redland Road. Redland’s boundaries is usually taken to extend to Coldharbour Road. To the north lies Bishopston and Westbury Park, and Durdham Down to the west. Cotham and Redland together make up the Bristol City Council's Cotham and Redland Conservation Area.

It is also the name of a council ward of the city, which also includes other areas.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Chunshen Road station
Chunshen Road (Chinese: 春申路; pinyin: Chūnshēn Lù) is an above-ground station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at the intersection of Humin Highway and Chunshen Road in the city's Minhang District, the station opened with the rest of the first phase of Line 5 on 25 November 2003. It is currently served by six-car trains running on the mainline of Line 5 between Xinzhuang and Fengxian Xincheng stations. Between 28 December 2018 and 26 December 2020, passengers who wish to travel to stations on the branch line of Line 5 between Dongchuan Road and Minhang Development Zone stations must transfer to four-car trains at Dongchuan Road station. Since 26 December 2020, both the main and the branch line trains run all the way to Xinzhuang with no shuttle service.

Fengxian Xincheng station
Fengxian Xincheng (simplified Chinese: 奉贤新城; traditional Chinese: 奉賢新城; pinyin: Fèngxián Xīnchéng; lit. 'Fengxian New City') is a station  on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. Located at Baixiu Road and Jinhai Highway in the city's Fengxian District, the station is located on the main branch of Line 5 and opened as part of the southern extension of Line 5 on 30 December 2018. It is an underground station and will serve as the southern terminus of the line until the future opening of Pingzhuang Highway. During the planning and construction stages, this station was known as Nanqiao Xincheng (南桥新城; 南橋新城; Nánqiáo Xīnchéng; 'Nanqiao New City').

To the north, the next station on the line is Jinhai Lake. To the south, the tracks ascend above ground to the Pingzhuang rail yard. A future station named Pingzhuang Highway is reserved between this station and the rail yard.
4-HO-DET
4-HO-DET, also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine as well as ethocin or CZ-74, is a psychedelic drug of the tryptamine and 4-hydroxytryptamine families related to psilocin (4-HO-DMT). It is taken orally.

The drug acts as a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor among others. It produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. 4-HO-DET is closely structurally related to other psychedelic tryptamines such as psilocin, diethyltryptamine (DET), and 4-HO-MET. Ethocybin (4-PO-DET; CEY-19) and 4-AcO-DET are assumed to act as prodrugs of 4-HO-DET.

4-HO-DET was first described in the literature by 1963. It was developed at Sandoz by Albert Hofmann and colleagues. The drug was studied in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy by Hanscarl Leuner and colleagues in the 1960s. Later, it was described further by Alexander Shulgin in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). 4-HO-DET was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2005.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
The Evolution of Atheism
The Evolution of Atheism: The Politics of a Modern Movement is a 2015 book by Stephen LeDrew, adapted from his PhD dissertation. Though an atheist, LeDrew criticises the movement of New Atheism, which arose in the 2000s with the "Four Horsemen" Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens as prominent figures.

According to LeDrew, modern atheism can be "scientific", "humanist" or "libertarian". He aims to describe how New Atheism, a right-wing branch of scientific atheism, arose in popularity and how it contrasts with other atheist views, particularly those who oppose religion in order to achieve social justice.

The book was praised for adding to the scholarship of New Atheism and including original interviews with New Atheist laypeople. Some reviewers criticised LeDrew's choice of categories to divide modern atheism into or contradictory descriptions of New Atheism.

Scientism
Scientism is the belief that science and the scientific method are the best or only way to render truth about the world and reality.

While the term was defined originally to mean "methods and attitudes typical of or attributed to natural scientists", some scholars, as well as political and religious leaders, have also adopted it as a pejorative term with the meaning "an exaggerated trust in the efficacy of the methods of natural science applied to all areas of investigation (as in philosophy, the social sciences, and the humanities)".
Roger G. Walker
Roger G. Walker, FRSC, MMR is a geologist and an award-winning emeritus professor at McMaster University.

Walker obtained his D.Phil. from Oxford University. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University. For 32 years, he taught at McMaster University. In 1998, Walker left McMaster to be a consultant in Calgary.

In 2013, Walker achieved the title of Master Model Railroader from the National Model Railroad Association.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Paned window (computing)
A paned window is a window in a graphical user interface that has multiple parts, layers, or sections. Examples of this include a code browser in a typical integrated development environment; a file browser with multiple panels; a tiling window manager; or  a web page that contains multiple frames. Simple console applications use an edit pane for accepting input and an output pane for displaying output.

The term task pane is used by Microsoft to identify any area cordoned off from the main screen area of an application and used for a specific function, such as changing the displayed font in a word processor.

Window (computing)
In computing, a window is a graphical control element. It consists of a visual area containing some of the graphical user interface of the program it belongs to and is framed by a window decoration. It usually has a rectangular shape that can overlap with the area of other windows. It displays the output of and may allow input to one or more processes.

Windows are primarily associated with graphical displays, where they can be manipulated with a pointer by employing some kind of pointing device. Text-only displays can also support windowing, as a way to maintain multiple independent display areas, such as multiple buffers in Emacs. Text windows are usually controlled by keyboard, though some also respond to the mouse.

A graphical user interface (GUI) using windows as one of its main "metaphors" is called a windowing system, whose main components are the display server and the window manager.