hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bielschowsky stain
The Bielschowsky technique is a silver impregnation method used in histochemistry for the visualization of nerve fibers, including multipolar interneurons in the cerebellum.

The method is attributed to German neurologist and neurohistologist Max Bielschowsky (1869–1940), who made improvements over the previous method developed by Ramon y Cajal (1852–1934).

Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens in cells and tissue, by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Albert Hewett Coons, Ernest Berliner, Norman Jones and Hugh J Creech was the first to develop immunofluorescence in 1941. This led to the later development of immunohistochemistry.

Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. In some cancer cells certain tumor antigens are expressed which make it possible to detect. Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research, to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue.
Koçi Xoxe
Koçi Xoxe (pronounced [ˈkɔtʃi ˈdzɔdzɛ]; 1 May 1911 – 11 June 1949) was an Albanian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. He was supported by Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito during efforts to bring Albania into the Yugoslav federation. After Albania's leader, Enver Hoxha, established the country's independence with the support of the Soviet Union, Xoxe was arrested, tried on charges of treason, and executed.

Ministry of Interior (Albania)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs (Albanian: Ministria e Punëve të Brendshme) is a department of the Albanian Government, in charge of regulation for the protection of rights and liberties of Albanian citizens. Collaborating with the State Police, the ministry investigates unlawful acts against the interest of society and state, fights crime, provides civil order, ensures civil security, traffic safety, and protects the security and protection of important individuals.
JCSAT-110
JCSAT-110, also known as N-SAT 110, JCSAT-7, Superbird-5 and Superbird-D, is a Japanese geostationary communications satellite which was operated by JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation until both companies merged into SKY Perfect JSAT Group in 2008. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 110° East, from where it is used to provide communications services to Japan.

SKY Perfect JSAT
The SKY Perfect JSAT Group is a Japanese corporate group that claims to be Asia's largest satellite communication and multi-channel pay TV company. It owns the SKY PerfecTV! satellite broadcasting service and the SKY Perfect Well Think content studio, among other businesses.

SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. (株式会社スカパーJSATホールディングス, Kabushiki-gaisha Sukapā JSAT Holdings) (TYO: 9412) is the holding company for the group, and holds 100% of the shares of SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (スカパーJSAT株式会社, Sukapā JSAT Kabushiki-gaisha), the group's main operating company.
Despenser War
The Despenser War (1321–22) was a baronial revolt against Edward II of England led by the Marcher Lords Roger Mortimer and Humphrey de Bohun. The rebellion was fuelled by opposition to Hugh Despenser the Younger, the royal favourite. After the rebels' summer campaign of 1321, Edward was able to take advantage of a temporary peace to rally more support and a successful winter campaign in southern Wales, culminating in royal victory at the Battle of Boroughbridge in the north of England in March 1322. Edward's response to victory was his increasingly harsh rule until his fall from power in 1326.

Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford
Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (c. 1276 – 16 March 1322) was a member of a powerful Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II's excesses.
Church of Our Lady of Light (Lagoa)
The Church of Our Lady of Light (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Luz) is a church situated in civil parish of Lagoa and Carvoeiro, in the municipality of Lagoa, in the Portuguese Algarve region, situated in the urban centre.

Concelho
Concelho (Portuguese: [kõˈseʎu]) is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word município ([muniˈsipiu]) refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council.
Sand filter
Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification.

There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world. The first two require the use of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce very high quality water with pathogens removal from 90% to >99% (depending on the strains), taste and odour without the need for chemical aids. Sand filters can, apart from being used in water treatment plants, be used for water purification in singular households as they use materials which are available for most people.

Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of  floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under the form of a stable dispersion (where the internal phase (solid) is dispersed throughout the external phase (fluid) through mechanical agitation) and are not truly dissolved in solution.

Coagulation and flocculation are important processes in fermentation and water treatment with coagulation aimed to destabilize and aggregate particles through chemical interactions between the coagulant and colloids, and flocculation to sediment the destabilized particles by causing their aggregation into floc.
Micarea
Micarea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ectolechiaceae. The widely distributed genus contains 156 species and new species are described actively. Species in the genus are crustose lichens and their photobiont (the non-fungal organism) is a single-celled green alga. The genus was established by the Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1825. Micarea lichens are typically small and often overlooked, producing minute fruiting bodies that are usually whitish, grey, or bluish in colour. Many species reproduce both sexually through spores and asexually through specialised structures, and they are found on substrates ranging from tree bark and dead wood to rocks and even moss. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species recorded from Europe, Australasia, the Americas, Africa, and oceanic islands. Several species are of interest to researchers studying how shifts between different substrates and reproductive strategies drive the formation of new species.

Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS  (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today.
2010 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
The 2010 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup was the 37th edition of the premier women's European club championship. The tournament was held in two stages, spanning from 2 April to 23 May 2010. The first stage was held in Berlin, Germany, and the second in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Den Bosch won the tournament for the eleventh time, defeating Hamburg 3–0 in the final. Amsterdam finished in third place after defeating Atasport 2–1 in the third-place playoff.

Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club
Amsterdamsche Hockey & Bandy Club (founded 28 January 1892) is the oldest professional field hockey club of the Netherlands, based in Amstelveen. AH&BC is also the largest field hockey club in the city.

The team is a powerhouse of both domestic and international hockey. Both its men's and women's teams are annual contenders for the Dutch national titles. The men's team won its maiden European Cup in 2005.

Originally, the club also played bandy, as is still reflected in the club's name.
Euxesta nigricans
Euxesta nigricans is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Euxesta of the family Ulidiidae. It was described by Frederik Maurits van der Wulp in 1899. It can be found in Guerrero, Mexico.

Frederik Maurits van der Wulp
Frederik Maurits van der Wulp (13  December 1818, The Hague – 27 November 1899, The Hague) was a Dutch entomologist mainly interested in Diptera.

He was a civil servant in the Dutch Audit Office.

His collection is divided between Natura Artis Magistra in Amsterdam and Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden.

Frederik van der Wulp was a Member of the Netherlands Entomological Society.
Amaliegade 49
Amaliegade 40, formerly known as Toldbodbørsen,  is a Neoclassical property located at the corner of Amaliegade (No. 49) and Esplanaden (No. 48) in the Frederiksstaden district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The shipping company D/S Norden was based in the building for more than one hundred years. It was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918.

Amaliegade
Amaliegade (Danish pronunciation: [æˈmɛˀljəˌkɛːðə]) is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, which makes up the longer of the two axes on which the Rococo district Frederiksstaden is centred. Amaliegade extends from Sankt Annæ Plads to Esplanaden, passing through the central plaza of Amalienborg Palace on the way where it intersects Frederiksgade, the other, shorter but more prominent, axis of the district.

The street is dominated by a number of elegant mansions, most of which are from the second half of the 18th century. At Amalienborg Palace, Amaliegade is spanned by a colonnade. Designed by royal architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff, it was built in 1794–95 to connect Moltke's Palace, the residence of the king, to Schack's Palace where the Crown prince resided.
Croatian True Revival
Croatian True Revival (Croatian: Hrvatski istinski preporod or HIP) was a right-wing political party in Croatia. Founded in 2002 as a splinter party of the centre-right Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), HIP never won any seats in elections, although it briefly had three MPs in the Croatian Parliament in late 2003. Following poor results in the November 2003 parliamentary election, the party fell into obscurity before being formally dissolved in August 2011.

Croatian Democratic Union
The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska demokratska zajednica, lit. 'Croatian Democratic Community', HDZ) is a major conservative, centre-right to right-wing political party in Croatia. Since 2016, it has been the ruling political party in Croatia under the incumbent Prime Minister Andrej Plenković. It is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Croatia, along with the centre-left Social Democratic Party (SDP). It is currently the largest party in the Sabor with 55 seats. The HDZ governed Croatia from 1990 before the country gained independence from Yugoslavia until 2000 and, in coalition with junior partners, from 2003 to 2011, and since 2016. HDZ is a member of the Centrist Democrat International, International Democracy Union, and the European People's Party, and sits in the European People's Party Group in the European Parliament. HDZ is the first political party in Croatia to be convicted of corruption.
Yelena Tyurina
Elena Tyurina-Batukhtina (born 12 April 1971) is a retired female volleyball player from Russia who made her debut for the Soviet national team in 1989. She competed consecutively in four Olympic Games. She was part of the Soviet and Russian national teams and became European Champion in 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997 and 2001. On club level she played with Uralochka Ekaterinburg

1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the sixteenth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in several cities in West Germany from 2 to 10 September 1989, with the final round held in Stuttgart.
Iraqi aluminum tubes
Aluminum tubes purchased by the nation of Iraq were intercepted in Jordan in 2001.  In September 2002 they were publicly cited by the White House as evidence that Iraq was actively pursuing an atomic weapon.  Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, many questioned the validity of the claim.  After the invasion, the Iraq Survey Group determined that the best explanation for the tubes' use was to produce conventional 81-mm rockets; no evidence was found of a program to design or develop an 81-mm aluminum rotor uranium centrifuge.

Gas centrifuge
A gas centrifuge is a device that performs isotope separation of gases. A centrifuge relies on the principles of centrifugal force accelerating molecules so that particles of different masses are physically separated in a gradient along the radius of a rotating container.

A prominent use of gas centrifuges is for the separation of uranium-235 (235U) from uranium-238 (238U). The gas centrifuge was developed to replace the gaseous diffusion method of 235U extraction. High degrees of separation of these isotopes relies on using many individual centrifuges arranged in series that achieve successively higher concentrations. This process yields higher concentrations of 235U while using significantly less energy compared to the gaseous diffusion process.
Bruno Amoroso
Bruno Amoroso (December 11, 1936 – January 20, 2017) was a Danish/Italian economist, author, and Emeritus Professor of Economics at the Department of Society and Globalization of the Roskilde University. He was internationally best known for his work on globalisation.

Roskilde University
Roskilde University (Danish: Roskilde Universitet, abbreviated RUC or RU) is a Danish public university founded in 1972 and located in Trekroner in the Eastern part of Roskilde. The university awards bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and PhD degrees in a wide variety of subjects within social sciences, the humanities, and natural sciences.
2001 Japan Golf Tour
The 2001 Japan Golf Tour, titled as the 2001 iiyama Tour for sponsorship reasons, was the 29th season of the Japan Golf Tour (formerly the PGA of Japan Tour), the main professional golf tour in Japan since it was formed in 1973.

It was the second season of the tour under a title sponsorship agreement with Iiyama, that began in 2000.

Japan Golf Tour
The Japan Golf Tour (Japanese: 日本ゴルフツアー機構) is a prominent professional golf tour. It was founded in 1973 and as of 2006, it offered the third-highest annual prize fund out of the regular (that is not for seniors) men's professional tours after the PGA Tour and the European Tour. However, since the early 1990s, the growth in prize money has not kept pace with that on the two larger tours. Official events on the Japan Golf Tour count for Official World Golf Ranking points and success on the tour can also qualify members to play in the majors.
K-Pax Racing
K-PAX Racing is an automobile racing team in the SCCA's Pirelli World Challenge racing series. Founded in 2006, team owner Jim Haughey partnered with Bob Raub, bringing a team of Porsche 911 GT3s to the track. However, from 2009 to 2013, it has campaigned Volvo S60s with great success (K-PAX Racing has also used Volvo C30s in the Touring Car division). For 2014, K-PAX Racing switched to McLaren MP4-12C GT3 race cars and continued its relationship with the manufacturer the following three seasons by updating to the McLaren 650S GT3 model. Since joining the Pirelli World Challenge in 2007, K-PAX Racing has celebrated four driver championships and has solidified the team as a perennial championship contender.

McLaren 650S
The McLaren 650S is a British sports car designed and manufactured by British automobile manufacturer McLaren Automotive. It was announced in February 2014 as a new model, but based on the existing MP4-12C with 25% new parts, and was formally unveiled at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show.

The 650S shares the MP4-12C's carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer chassis, and is powered by the same 3.8-litre twin-turbocharged McLaren M838T V8 engine, but is now rated at 650 PS (478 kW; 641 hp) and 500 lb⋅ft (678 N⋅m) of torque. Power is transmitted to the wheels through a seven-speed dual-clutch Seamless-Shift gearbox (SSG) provided by Graziano Trasmissioni.
Earl Cramer
Earl Edward Cramer (December 2, 1896 – June 1, 1962) was a professional football player who played as a fullback, halfback and quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Hamline Pipers.

Hamline Pipers football
The Hamline Pipers football team represents Hamline University in the sport of American football. The team played the first intercollegiate football game in Minnesota on September 30, 1882. The team lost to Minnesota, 4-0.

A founding member, Hamline has been a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference since 1920.
Transient Array Radio Telescope
The Transient Array Radio Telescope (TART) is a low-cost open-source array radio telescope consisting of 24 all-sky GNSS receivers operating at the L1-band (1.575 GHz). TART was designed as an all-sky survey instrument for detecting radio bursts, as well as providing a test-bed for the development of new synthesis imaging and calibration algorithms. All of the telescope hardware including radio receivers, correlators and operating software are open source. A TART-2 radio-telescope can be built for approximately 1000 Euros, and the telescope antenna array requires 4m x 4m area for deployment.

The TART project is managed by the Electronics Research Foundation, a non-profit based in New Zealand.

Aperture synthesis
Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection. At each separation and orientation, the lobe-pattern of the interferometer produces an output which is one component of the Fourier transform of the spatial distribution of the brightness of the observed object. The image (or "map") of the source is produced from these measurements. Astronomical interferometers are commonly used for high-resolution optical, infrared, submillimetre and radio astronomy observations. For example, the Event Horizon Telescope project derived the first image of a black hole using aperture synthesis.
Texas United
Texas United is an American soccer club that currently competes in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid. The club plays its home games at the John Clark Stadium.

In March 2017, it was announced that the club had been granted a franchise license for USL League 2, to operate in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex area.

The team is owned by Neltex Sports Group who are also owners of the Texas Airhogs and co-owners of the NBA G League franchise the Texas Legends.

Texas AirHogs
The Texas AirHogs were a professional baseball team based in Grand Prairie, Texas from 2008 to 2020. The AirHogs were members of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. Beginning in the 2008 season as the Grand Prairie AirHogs, the team played their home games at AirHogs Stadium. The team folded after the 2020 season.

The team's name was taken from a slang term used by American military pilots and referred to the city's aviation industry (Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control is headquartered in Grand Prairie, and Vought Corporation once had a major plant in Dallas adjacent to Grand Prairie before the company was sold and the plant closed).

For the 2016 season, the AirHogs merged with the Amarillo Thunderheads, taking their name and splitting games between both home ballparks; from 2017 to 2020, the team was based solely in Grand Prairie.
Elisabetta Tona
Elisabetta Tona (born 22 January 1984) is an Italian former football defender who played for Florentia. She previously enjoyed a long association with Torres CF, where she won four Italian leagues, four nationals cups and two Italy Women's Cups in twelve seasons. She has also won the 2007 WPSL, playing for FC Indiana. As a member of the Italy national team she played at the 2005 and 2009 UEFA Women's Championships.

A commanding centre back, Tona's powerful heading ability makes her an important attacking player for her teams.

Italy women's national football team
The Italy women's national football team (Italian: Nazionale di calcio femminile dell'Italia) has represented Italy in international women's football since their inception in 1968. The team is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing body for football in Italy.

Formed in 1968, Italy took part in various unofficial international tournaments, hosting the first unofficial European Competition in 1969 and World Cup in 1970. Italy qualified for both the first World Cup in 1991, where they reached the quarter-finals, and the first European Championship. While Italy were runners-up in the European Championship in 1993 and 1997, they are yet to replicate similar success at the World Cup. In 2019, after a 20-year drought, Italy qualified for the World Cup where they equaled their previous best performance, reaching the quarter-finals.
HMS Stag (1812)
HMS Stag was a 36-gun fifth-rate Apollo-class frigate of the Royal Navy. Commanded by Captain Phipps Hornby for almost her entire career, Stag began her service in the English Channel, capturing two ships in 1813. Mid-way through the year the frigate was sent to join the Cape of Good Hope Station, where she stayed until November 1814. At the Cape Stag formed part of the search for the wreck of the merchant ship William Pitt in Algoa Bay, and then spent time surveying the Bird Islands, of which one was subsequently named after the ship. After returning from the Cape, Stag was laid up at Plymouth Dockyard. She was moved to Sheerness Dockyard in 1821, where after an aborted refit the frigate was broken up.

Algoa Bay
Algoa Bay is a maritime bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It is located on the east coast, 683 kilometres (424 mi) east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Algoa Bay is bounded in the west by Cape Recife and in the east by Cape Padrone. The bay is up to 436 m (1,430 ft) deep. The harbour city of Port Elizabeth is situated adjacent to the bay, as is the Port of Ngqura deep-water port facility.
Charles Monck, 1st Viscount Monck
Charles Stanley Monck, 1st Viscount Monck, was born in 1754 and died on 9 June 1802. He was the 1st son of Thomas Monck MP, by his wife, Judith Mason, daughter of Robert Mason, of Mason Brook.

He was MP for Gorey from 1790 to 1798. He gained the title of 1st Viscount Monck in 1801 as a reward for voting for the Act of Union (1800). He had already been created Baron Monck, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, in 1797, also in the Peerage of Ireland.

County Wexford
County Wexford (Irish: Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Southern Region. Named after the town of Wexford, it was based on the historic Gaelic territory of Hy Kinsella (Uí Ceinnsealaigh), whose capital was Ferns. Wexford County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 163,527 at the 2022 census.