hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Incident Object Description Exchange Format
Used for computer security, IODEF (Incident Object Description Exchange Format) is a data format which is used to describe computer security information for the purpose of exchange between Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs).

IODEF messages are organized in a human-readable way, and not a machine format. Details of the format are described in RFC 5070 and updated in RFC 6685. Version 2 of the format is defined in RFC 7970, which supersedes the previous version. This RFC presents an implementation of the data model in XML as well as the associated DTD. Further implementation guidance for IODEF v2 is defined in RFC 8274.

One of the main characteristics of IODEF is its compatibility with the IDMEF Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format developed for intrusion detection systems. For this reason, IODEF is heavily based on IDMEF and provides backward compatibility with it.

Computer emergency response team
A computer emergency response team (CERT) is an incident response team dedicated to computer security incidents.

Other names used to describe CERT include cyber emergency response team, computer emergency readiness team, computer security incident response team (CSIRT), or cyber security incident response team.
Ocellated flat lizard
The ocellated flat lizard or Chimanimani flat lizard (Platysaurus ocellatus) is a species of lizard in the family Cordylidae. It is endemic to the Chimanimani Mountains of south eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique.

Chimanimani Mountains
The Chimanimani Mountains are a mountain range on the border of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The mountains are in the southern portion of the Eastern Highlands, or Manica Highlands, a belt of highlands that extend north and south along the international border, between the Zambezi and Save rivers.

The Chimanimani Mountains include Monte Binga (2,436 m), the highest peak in Mozambique and the second-highest in Zimbabwe. The mountains are home to diverse forests, savannas, montane grasslands, and heathlands. Zimbabwe's Chimanimani National Park and Mozambique's adjacent Chimanimani National Reserve protect parts of the range. These two parks, together with a larger buffer zone, constitute the Chimanmani Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Labour Charter of 1927
The Charter of Labour of 1927 (Italian: Carta del Lavoro) was one of the main pieces of legislation enacted by the Fascist Italy in the attempts to modernise the economy. The Charter was promulgated by Grand Council of Fascism and publicized in the Lavoro d'Italia newspaper on 23 April 1927. It was mainly designed by Alfredo Rocco, the Minister of Justice.

Alfredo Rocco
Alfredo Rocco (9 September 1875 – 28 August 1935) was an Italian politician and jurist. He was Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Urbino (1899–1902) and in Macerata (1902–1905), then Professor of Civil Procedure in Parma, of Business Law in Padua, and later of Economic Legislation at La Sapienza University of Rome, of which he was rector from 1932 to 1935.

Rocco, as an economics-minded politician, developed the early concept of the economic and political theory of corporatism, which later became part of the ideology of the National Fascist Party.
System Architect
Unicom System Architect is an enterprise architecture tool that is used by the business and technology departments of corporations and government agencies to model their business operations and the systems, applications, and databases that support them. System Architect is used to build architectures using various frameworks including TOGAF, ArchiMate, DoDAF, MODAF, NAF and standard method notations such as sysML, UML, BPMN, and relational data modeling. System Architect is developed by UNICOM Systems, a division of UNICOM Global, a United States–based company.

DOORS
IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS (Dynamic Object Oriented Requirements System) (formerly Telelogic DOORS, then Rational DOORS) is a requirements management tool. It is a client–server application, with a Windows-only client and servers for Linux, Windows, and Solaris. There is also a web client, DOORS Web Access.

IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS Family has its own programming language called DOORS eXtension Language (DXL).

IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS Next is now developed on the IBM Jazz platform. The Jazz platform uses Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC).

In order to complete its functionality, IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS Next has an open architecture that supports third-party plugins.

DOORS was originally published by Quality Systems and Software Ltd (QSS) in 1991.
Telelogic acquired QSS in mid-2000 and IBM acquired Telelogic in 2008.
Julia Ironworks Cassino
Julia Ironworks Cassino was a historic residential building situated in Bytom-Bobrek, Poland.

Initially serving as a casino of the adjacent steel mill, the building was repurposed to house the families of workers in the 1950s. In June 2023 the building was set afire and the structure was subsequently demolished.

Bobrek, Bytom
Bobrek (German: Bobrek) is a district of the city of Bytom in the Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. The district borders Szombierki (a district of Bytom) to its east, Karb (another district of Bytom) to its north, Ruda Śląska to its south and Zabrze to its west. As of 2011 it has a population of roughly 5 thousand people.

Bobrek is very closely associated with Karb.

During World War II, the German administration operated three forced labour camps in Bobrek, including a camp solely for Jews and the E209 subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner of war camp.
Race Gurram (soundtrack)
Race Gurram is the feature film soundtrack of the 2014 action comedy film of the same name. Directed by Surender Reddy, the film's music and background score was composed by S. Thaman marking his first collaboration with Allu Arjun and second collaboration with Surender Reddy.

The official soundtrack album consists of 6 songs composed by S. Thaman and Chandrabose, Rehaman, Viswa and Varikuppala Yadagiri Goud penning the lyrics.

Thus it emerged as one of the biggest successful soundtracks of the year.

Chandrabose (lyricist)
Kanukuntla Subhash Chandrabose is an Indian lyricist and singer who works in Telugu cinema. Chandrabose debuted as a lyricist with the 1995 film Taj Mahal. In a career spanning over 25 years, he has written lyrics for about 3600 songs in over 850 films. Chandrabose won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for the song "Naatu Naatu" from RRR (2022). He has received one National Award, two Nandi Awards, two Filmfare Awards, and three SIIMA Awards as a lyricist.
Chris Janson
Christopher Pierre Janson (born April 2, 1986) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Janson has recorded three full-length albums, Buy Me a Boat, Everybody, and Real Friends, through Warner Records Nashville, along with one extended play each for Bigger Picture Music Group, Columbia Records, and Warner Nashville. He has charted multiple singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, including "Good Vibes" and "Done", both of which went to number one on the latter. In addition to his material, Janson has performed on albums by Holly Williams and Lee Brice and has co-written singles for Tim McGraw, LoCash, Randy Houser and Hank Williams Jr.

LoCash
LoCash (stylized in all caps), formerly known as LoCash Cowboys, is an American country music duo from Nashville. It consists of Chris Tyler Lucas and Preston Samuel Brust, both of whom are vocalists, songwriters, and guitarists. They have released 3 studio albums, one each for Average Joes Entertainment, Reviver Records, and Wheelhouse. In 2024, the duo started their own record label, Galaxy Record Label. They have charted 4 songs on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and 13 songs on the Country Airplay chart. Their highest-charting singles are "I Know Somebody" and their newest number 1 "Hometown Home", which topped the Billboard Country Airplay chart in 2016 and 2025, respectively. In addition to their own material, the members of LoCash co-wrote Keith Urban's "You Gonna Fly" and Tim McGraw's "Truck Yeah".
From the Wreck
From the Wreck is a 2017 historical and science fiction novel by Australian writer Jane Rawson. It was first published as a paperback original in March 2017 in Australia by Transit Lounge. The book is based on the 1859 shipwreck of the Australian steamship, the SS Admella and is a fictionalised account of Rawson's great-great-grandfather George Hills, a survivor from the wreck, and his encounter with a shapeshifting alien.

From the Wreck was well received by Australian critics. It won the 2017 Aurealis Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, and was shortlisted for several other awards. In April 2019 the book was published in hardcover in the United Kingdom by Picador.

Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shape-shifters include changelings, jinns, kitsune, vampires, and werewolves, along with deities such as Loki and Vertumnus.
Structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain
In mathematics, in the field of abstract algebra, the structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain is a generalization of the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups and roughly states that finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain (PID) can be uniquely decomposed in much the same way that integers have a prime factorization.  The result provides a simple framework to understand various canonical form results for square matrices over fields.

Direct sum of modules
In abstract algebra, the direct sum is a construction which combines several modules into a new, larger module. The direct sum of modules is the smallest module which contains the given modules as submodules with no "unnecessary" constraints, making it an example of a coproduct. Contrast with the direct product, which is the dual notion.

The most familiar examples of this construction occur when considering vector spaces (modules over a field) and abelian groups (modules over the ring Z of integers). The construction may also be extended to cover Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces.

See the article decomposition of a module for a way to write a module as a direct sum of submodules.
Jürgen Hinzpeter
Jürgen Hinzpeter (6 July 1937 – 25 January 2016) was a German journalist best known for his coverage of South Korean topics. Hinzpeter was a reporter for the ARD and the only journalist to film the massacres during the Gwangju Uprising in South Korea in 1980. He captured the events on camera, documenting the violence against civilians and the military crackdown in the city. His footage was sent to West Germany and broadcast internationally, exposing the South Korean regime under Chun Doo-hwan to global scrutiny.

His coverage helped draw pressure from the international community, contributing to the eventual push for democratization in South Korea, which culminated in 1987. Hinzpeter also reported on opposition politician Kim Dae-jung, who later became president of South Korea after winning the 1997 election. In Gwangju, a memorial honouring Hinzpeter has been erected by the May 18 Memorial Foundation.

Gwangju
Gwangju (Korean: 광주; Korean: [kwaŋ.dʑu] ⓘ), formerly romanized as Kwangju, is South Korea's sixth-largest metropolis. It is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until its promotion to a metropolitan city in 2005, upon which the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak in Muan County.

Its name is composed of the words gwang (Korean: 광; Hanja: 光) meaning "light" and ju (주; 州) meaning "province". Gwangju was historically recorded as Muju (무주; 武州), in which "Silla merged all of the land to establish the provinces of Gwangju, Ungju, Jeonju, Muju and various counties, plus the southern boundary of Goguryeo and the ancient territories of Silla" in the Samguk sagi. In the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Medieval French literature
Medieval French literature is, for the purpose of this article, Medieval literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle French) during the period from the eleventh century to the end of the fifteenth century.

The material and cultural conditions in France and associated territories around the year 1100 unleashed what the scholar Charles Homer Haskins termed the "Renaissance of the 12th century" and, for over the next hundred years, writers, "jongleurs", "clercs" and poets produced a profusion of remarkable creative works in all genres.  Although the dynastic struggles of the Hundred Years' War and the Black Death pandemic of the fourteenth century in many ways curtailed this creative production, the fifteenth century laid the groundwork for the French Renaissance.

Middle French
Middle French (French: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the mid-14th to the early 17th centuries. It is a period of transition during which:

the French language became clearly distinguished from the other competing Oïl languages, which are sometimes subsumed within the concept of Old French (l'ancien français)

the French language was imposed as the official language of the Kingdom of France in place of Latin and other Oïl and Occitan languages

the literary development of French prepared the vocabulary and grammar for the Classical French (le français classique) spoken in the 17th and 18th centuries.

It is the first version of French that is largely intelligible to Modern French, contrary to Old French.
Geology of Singapore
Igneous rocks are found in Bukit Timah, Woodlands, and Pulau Ubin island. Granite makes up the bulk of the igneous rock. Gabbro is also found in the area and is found in an area called Little Guilin, named for its resemblance to Guilin in South China. This area is in Bukit Gombak.  Sedimentary rocks are found on the western part of Singapore, which is mainly made of sandstone and mudstones. It also includes the southwestern area. Metamorphic rocks are found in the northeastern part of Singapore, and also on Pulau Tekong, off the east coast of Singapore. The rocks are mainly made up of quartzite, and also make up the Sajahat Formation.

Bukit Timah
Bukit Timah (IPA: /ˈbʊkɪt ˌtiːmɑː/ BUUK-it TEE-mah), often abbreviated as Bt Timah, is a planning area and residential estate located in the westernmost part of the Central Region of Singapore. Bukit Timah lies roughly 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the Central Business District, bordering the Central Water Catchment to the north, Bukit Panjang to the northwest, Queenstown to the south, Tanglin to the southeast, Clementi to the southwest, Novena to the east and Bukit Batok to the west. It is further split into eight subzones, namely Anak Bukit, Coronation Road, Farrer Court, Hillcrest, Holland Road, Leedon Park, Swiss Club and Ulu Pandan.

Owing to its prime location, Bukit Timah has one of the densest clusters of luxury condominiums and landed property in Singapore, with little public housing.
Caroline swiftlet
The Caroline swiftlet (Aerodramus inquietus), also known as the island swiftlet, Micronesian swiftlet, or Caroline Islands swiftlet,  is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. Some taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies of the uniform swiftlet. It is endemic to the Caroline Islands, and its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Swift (bird)
The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely related to the true swifts, but form a separate family, the Hemiprocnidae.

Resemblances between swifts and swallows are due to convergent evolution, reflecting similar life styles based on catching insects in flight.

The family name, Apodidae, is derived from the Greek ἄπους (ápous), meaning "footless", a reference to the small, weak legs of these most aerial of birds. The tradition of depicting swifts without feet continued into the Middle Ages, as seen in the heraldic martlet.
Shahkot Jadeed
Shahkot Jadeed is an administrative unit, known as Union council, of Malakand District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

District Malakand has 2 Tehsils i.e. Swat Ranizai and Sam Ranizai. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.

Sam Rani Zai Tehsil
Sam Rani Zai is a tehsil located in Malakand District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

District Malakand has 3 tehsils i.e. Swat Rani Zai, Sam Rani Zai, and Thana Baizai Tehsil. Each Tehsil comprises certain numbers of Union councils. There are 28 union councils in district Malakand.
Lorelei and the Laser Eyes
Lorelei and the Laser Eyes is a 2024 puzzle game developed by Simogo and published by Annapurna Interactive centered on exploring and problem-solving across a massive hotel, without prior explanation as to the player's whereabouts, identity, or relations. This information is instead revealed over the course of the game. Likened to classic point-and-click adventure games such as the Monkey Island series, the game has been described as "one big puzzle box" by IGN. Released for Microsoft Windows and Nintendo Switch on 16 May, 2024, and 3 December 2024 for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, Lorelei and the Laser Eyes was also nominated for Best Independent Game at The Game Awards 2024.

Annapurna Interactive
Annapurna Games, LLC (trade name: Annapurna Interactive) is an American video game publisher and developer. The company was founded in 2016 as a division of Annapurna Pictures. It focuses on publishing innovative and emotive indie games. In 2020 Annapurna launched an internal development studio.

Notable video games published by Annapurna Interactive include What Remains of Edith Finch (2017), Donut County (2018), Outer Wilds (2019), Sayonara Wild Hearts (2019), Wattam (2019), Telling Lies (2019), Kentucky Route Zero (2020), Neon White (2022) and Stray (2022).
Chita constituency
The Chita constituency (No.43) is a Russian legislative constituency in Zabaykalsky Krai. The constituency covers eastern half of Chita and northern Zabaykalsky Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksandr Skachkov, former Transbaikal Railway chief, who won the open seat after defeating two-term United Russia incumbent Nikolay Govorin in the primary.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Nagbukel
Nagbukel, officially the Municipality of Nagbukel (Ilocano: Ili ti Nagbukel; Filipino: Bayan ng Nagbukel), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 5,370 people.

Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Sur (lit. 'South Ilocos'), officially the Province of Ilocos Sur (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of Vigan, while Candon is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China Sea to the west.

Ilocos Sur was established in 1818 when the province of Ilocos was split into two: the north (now Ilocos Norte) and the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundaries of the province set in March 1917 by virtue of Act No. 2683.

The province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, namely, the Heritage City of Vigan and the Santa Maria Basilica Shrine.
William Shakespeare (American football)
William Valentine Shakespeare (September 27, 1912 – January 17, 1974) was an American football player.  He played at the halfback position, and also handled punting, for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football teams from 1933 to 1935.  He gained his greatest acclaim for throwing the winning touchdown pass as time ran off the clock in Notre Dame's 1935 victory over Ohio State, a game that was voted the best game in the first 100 years of college football.  Shakespeare was selected as a consensus first-team All-American in 1935 and was posthumously inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983.  Sharing the same name as the "Bard of Avon", Shakespeare earned nicknames including "the Bard of Staten Island", "the Bard of South Bend", and "the Merchant of Menace".

1935 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
The 1935 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 1935 college football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7–1 record with a 5–0 mark in Big Ten Conference play. Ohio State won their first Big Ten title in 15 years, outscoring opponents 237–57.

On November 23, 1935, Ohio State defeated Michigan, 38-0, at Michigan Stadium. It remains the worst defeat for a Michigan team in the history of the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. Michigan was held to 12 rushing yards and 73 passing yards. Richard Heekin scored two touchdowns for Ohio State. Tippy Dye returned a punt 65 yards for a touchdown. Johnny Bettridge and Frank Boucher also scored touchdowns for the Buckeyes.
Kriengsak Chareonwongsak
Kriengsak Chareonwongsak  is a Thai scholar and politician. He established the first futures studies research institute in Southeast Asia, was a member of Thailand's House of Representatives, was on the executive board of the Democrat Party, and has published on scholarly and popular topics.

Democrat Party (Thailand)
The Democrat Party (Thai: พรรคประชาธิปัตย์, RTGS: Phak Prachathipat [pʰák prà.t͡ɕʰāː.tʰí.pàt]) is a political party in Thailand. The party is the oldest active political party in Thailand, it was founded in 1946 as a royalist party; it now upholds a conservative-liberal and pro-market position.

The Democrat Party made its best showings in parliament in 1948, 1976, and 1996. It has never won an outright parliamentary majority. The party's electoral support bases are southern Thailand and Bangkok, although the party's strength in Bangkok has declined rapidly since the 2019 general election. Since 2004, Democrat candidates won three elections for the governorship of Bangkok. From 2005 to 2019 and since 2025, the Democrat Party has been led by Abhisit Vejjajiva, former prime minister.