hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Omnibus spending bill
An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill in the United States that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year (one for each appropriations sub-committee) to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill combines two or more of those bills into a single bill.

Regular appropriations bills are typically written, debated, and passed by the House and the Senate during the summer. However, these versions can be different, especially if different parties control each chamber. The omnibus negotiating process takes place later in the year, and involves reconciling differences in the various bills so that an identical, combined appropriations bill can pass both chambers and avert a government shutdown.

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
1948 United States presidential election in Montana
The 1948 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 2, 1948, as part of the 1948 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Montana voted for the Democratic nominee, President Harry S. Truman, over the Republican nominee, New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey. Truman won Montana by a substantial margin of 9.94%. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Carter County and Prairie County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This (and the prior election) also mark the last time that Montana has voted Democratic in two consecutive presidential elections.

Prairie County, Montana
Prairie County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,088, making it the fifth-least populous county in Montana. Its county seat is Terry. Prairie County was created by the Montana Legislature in 1915 out of parts of Custer, Dawson, and Fallon Counties. The name was selected in a contest and reflects the predominant landscape of the region.

The county was the site of the 1938 Custer Creek train wreck that killed 47 people and injured 75.
St Nicholas Church, Chiswick
St Nicholas Church, Chiswick, is an English Anglican parish church. The Grade II* listed church is in Church Street, Chiswick, London, near the River Thames. Old Chiswick developed as a village around the church from c. 1181. The tower was built at some time between 1416 and 1435.

The current church dates from 1882 to 1884, when most of the building except the tower was demolished and rebuilt at the expense of the brewer Henry Smith of the nearby Fuller, Smith and Turner brewery. Several monuments survive, mainly in the tower. In the churchyard is a monument to the Italian poet and patriot Ugo Foscolo; his remains were returned to Italy, but the Italian government added an inscription to the monument. The painter William Hogarth's monument, near the church, has an epitaph by the actor David Garrick. In the burial ground is the grave of Frederick Hitch, a Victoria Cross recipient and veteran of the Battle of Rorke's Drift.

Battle of Rorke's Drift
The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was an engagement in the Anglo-Zulu War. The successful British defence of the mission station of Rorke's Drift, under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead of the 24th Regiment of Foot, began once a large contingent of Zulu warriors broke off from the main force during the final hour of the British defeat at the day-long Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879. They travelled ten kilometres (six miles) to attack Rorke's Drift later that day and continuing into the following day.

Just over 150 British and colonial troops defended the station against attacks by 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. The massive but piecemeal attacks by the Zulu on Rorke's Drift came very close to overwhelming the much smaller garrison, but were consistently repelled. Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to individual defenders, along with a number of other decorations and honours.
Athletic Club (MG)
Athletic Club, commonly referred to as Athletic, is a Brazilian professional club based in São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais founded on 27 June 1909. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro, the top flight of the Minas Gerais state football league.

Athletic is the only club in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Barbacena competing in the First Division of the Campeonato Mineiro. Since returning to professional football as a SAF, Athletic had a meteoric ascension and currently plays at the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B. Brazilians pronounce it stressing the last syllable: Athletic.

Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série B (commonly referred to as the Brasileirão Série B, the Série B or the Brazilian Série B to distinguish it from the Italian Serie B), and currently officially called Brasileirão Série B Superbet for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Brazilian football league system, which is organized by the Brazilian Football Confederation.

The competition was played for the first time in 1971, and for a long time, the competition format was inconsistent, with changes happening frequently. Also, there were years where the competition was not played at all.

Since 2006 it has been contested by 20 teams in a double round-robin format with 38 matches, with the top four teams being promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A group and the bottom four teams being relegated to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C.
Italian cruiser Urania
Urania was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the 1880s. She was built by the Cantieri navali Odero shipyard; her keel was laid in February 1889, she was launched in June 1891, and was commissioned in July 1893. Her main armament were her six torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns. Urania spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. She was still in service at the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in September 1911, but she did not take part in any operations. Instead, she remained in Italian waters and was broken up for scrap in January 1912.

Torpedo cruiser
A torpedo cruiser is a type of warship that is armed primarily with torpedoes. The major navies began building torpedo cruisers shortly after the invention of the locomotive Whitehead torpedo in the 1860s. The development of the torpedo gave rise to the Jeune École doctrine, which held that small warships armed with torpedoes could effectively and cheaply defeat much larger battleships. Torpedo cruisers fell out of favor in most of the great power navies in the 1890s, though many other navies continued to acquire them into the early 1900s.

The Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt two Kuma-class light cruisers into torpedo cruisers during World War II. Unlike the earlier vessels, these ships were intended to launch their Type 93 torpedo oxygen torpedoes at extreme range at night to surprise enemy warships. They never saw action in their intended role, however, and were quickly converted into troop transports as well as a Kaiten (suicide torpedo) carrier.
Jisha-ryō
Jisha-ryō (寺社領) were territories controlled by Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan. Existing since the ancient times until 1875, they served as a financial foundation for the shrines and temples.

The manorial territories were governed by a daikan magistrate chosen among the clergy, and were largely independent from outside authority and taxation. However, they gradually lost their independence starting in the 16th century, and in 1875, all land outside the shrine and temple grounds was seized by the Japanese government.

Daikan
Daikan (代官) was an official in ancient Japan who was in charge of administrative duties on behalf of a lord or a ruler. Since the Middle Ages, daikan oversaw a territory and territorial tax collection. In the Edo period, daikan were local governors in charge of the government and security of domain and shogunate territories.
Filippo Paulucci
Filippo Paulucci delle Roncole (11 September 1779 – 25 January 1849), also known as Filipp Osipovich Pauluchchi (Russian: Филипп Осипович Паулуччи), was an Italian marquis and army officer, later a general at the services of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Russian Empire.

Born into a prominent Modenese noble family, he served as a junior officer in the Sardinian Army during the War of the First Coalition (1794–96). After brief services in the Cisalpine Republic and Austrian armies in Italy, in 1806 he moved into Russian service and climb the ranks to the position of governor general of Livonia. In 1829 he returned in Piedmont and was appointed full general and Inspector general of Infantry and Cavalry on 1830, only to be dismissed a year later when King Carlo Felice died. In 1848 Paulucci was rumored as a possible Commander-in-Chief for the Sardinian Army, but he refused any involvements. He died peacefully in Nice the following year.

Cisalpine Republic
The Cisalpine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cisalpina; Lombard: Republica Cisalpina) was a sister republic (or a client state) of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802.
Type 054A frigate
The Type 054A (NATO/OSD Jiangkai II) is a class of guided-missile frigate from the People's Republic of China. It is a development of the Type 054 frigate; compared to its predecessor, the Type 054A has medium-range air defense capability in the form of Type 382 radar and vertically launched (VLS) HHQ-16 surface-to-air missiles.

The first ship (Xuzhou) of the new Type 054A was laid down in 2005 and entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) in January 2008; the class was a key component of the PLAN's surface fleet by the late 2010s. Production was ongoing in 2023, with 30 ships in service by mid 2019, while the next batch of 10 ships commissioned from 2022 onwards, and a final batch of 10 ships under development, although this last batch may be built to the follow-on Type 054B frigate design.

Type 382 radar
The Type 382 (or H/LJQ-382) is a 3-D naval air search radar developed by the People's Republic of China. It uses two back-to-back planar arrays on a rotating mount.

The relationship between the Type 382 and the Russian Fregat MAE-3 radar (NATO reporting name: Top Plate) is unclear. In 2015, Type 382 was identified as the Fregat by Kirchberger and Jane's Fighting Ships, or possibly a reverse engineered version. At the same time, Schwartz stated that the Type 382 was "quite advanced" compared to Russian radar. In 2020, Wertheim used "Top Plate" in conjunction with the Chinese designation.
Eric Chua
Eric Chua Swee Leong PBM (born 27 May 1979) is a Singaporean politician who has been serving as Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Law since 2025 and Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Social and Family Development concurrently since 2022 and formerly Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Culture, Community and Youth from 2022 to 2025. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Queenstown Single Member Constituency (SMC) since 2025, and previously the Queenstown division of Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2020 and 2025.

Prior to entering politics, Chua served in the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) and volunteered in grassroots activities with the People's Association (PA) in Tanjong Pagar GRC.

He made his political debut in the 2020 general election as part of a five-member PAP team contesting in Tanjong Pagar GRC and won 63.13% of the vote.

Ministry of Social and Family Development
The Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF; Malay: Kementerian Pembangunan Sosial dan Keluarga; Chinese: 社会及家庭发展部; Tamil: சமுதாய, குடும்ப மேம்பாட்டு அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the community infrastructure, programmes and services in Singapore.
German trawler V 209 Dr. Rudolf Wahrendorff
Dr. Rudolf Wahrendorff was a German fishing trawler that was requisitioned in the Second World War by the Kriegsmarine for use as a vorpostenboot, serving as V 209 Dr. Rudolf Wahrendorff. She was bombed and sunk off St. Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands on 24 July 1944.

Vorpostenboot
Vorpostenboot (plural Vorpostenboote), also referred to as VP-Boats, flakships or outpost boats, were German patrol boats which served during both World Wars. They were used around coastal areas and in coastal operations, and were tasked with – among other things – coastal patrol, ship escort, and naval combat.
Michael Patrick Cronan
Michael Patrick Cronan (June 9, 1951 – January 1, 2013) was an American graphic designer, brand strategist, adjunct professor, and fine art painter. He was one of the founders of the San Francisco Bay Area postmodern movement in graphic design, that later became known as the "Pacific Wave".

He was a 2014 American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) Medalist and received the AIGA lifetime achievement award in 2009.

American Institute of Graphic Arts
The American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) is a professional organization for design. Its members practice all forms of communication design, including graphic design, typography, interaction design, user experience, branding and identity. The organization's aim is to be the standard bearer for professional ethics and practices for the design profession. There are currently over 25,000 members and 72 chapters, and more than 200 student groups around the United States. In 2005, AIGA changed its name to "AIGA, the professional association for design", dropping the "American Institute of Graphic Arts" to welcome all design disciplines.
Innanetape
Innanetape (stylized as INNANETAPE) is the debut mixtape by American rapper Vic Mensa. It was released on September 30, 2013, as a free digital download. The mixtape features guest appearances from Chance the Rapper, Ab-Soul, Rockie Fresh and BJ the Chicago Kid, as well as the production that was provided by Boi-1da, Hit-Boy, Cam for J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, Tae Beast, DJ Dahi, Om'Mas Keith, Christian Rich and Mensa himself.

J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League
J.U.S.T.I.C.E. (Just Undeniably Some of The Illest Composers Ever) League is an American record production team and rappers composed of producers and instrumentalists from Tampa, Florida.

The group is made up of members Erik "Rook" Ortiz and Kevin "Colione" Crowe. The group takes their name from the DC Comics superhero team the Justice League. The distinctive producer tag of a J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League production has a female voice echoing the words "Justice League" twice at the beginning of most of their songs. They have a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album for their work on Mary J. Blige's The Breakthrough (2006).
Manuel Lanzarote
Manuel 'Manu' Lanzarote Bruno (born 20 January 1984) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left winger or an attacking midfielder.

He amassed Segunda División totals of 151 matches and 37 goals over six seasons, representing Lleida, Sabadell, Alavés and Zaragoza. He made 17 appearances in La Liga with Espanyol, and also played professionally in Greece and India.

Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.
Esteban (footballer)
Esteban Andrés Suárez (born 27 June 1975), known simply as Esteban, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He started and finished his extensive senior career, which spanned more than two decades, at Real Oviedo. He appeared in 280 matches in La Liga over 13 seasons, also representing in the competition Atlético Madrid, Sevilla, Celta and Almería.

UD Almería
Unión Deportiva Almería, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβ(a) almeˈɾi.a]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 26 July 1989 and known as Almería Club de Fútbol until 2001, when it was renamed Unión Deportiva Almería. The club currently plays in the Segunda División, and plays their home games at the 17,400-seat capacity UD Almería Stadium.
Saša Kalajdžić
Saša Kalajdžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Саша Калајџић; born 7 July 1997) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Austrian Bundesliga club LASK on loan from Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers.

Kalajdžić began his senior career playing in the third and fourth tiers of Austrian football with SR Donaufeld Wien. In 2016, he signed for Austrian Bundesliga club Admira Wacker, where he scored twelve goals in 35 matches for the first team. He joined German club VfB Stuttgart in July 2019, sustaining a serious knee injury shortly after joining and not making his debut until May 2020. Nevertheless, he would go on to score 24 goals in 60 matches for the club. In August 2022, Kalajdžić was signed by English club Wolverhampton Wanderers for a reported fee of £15 million.

Kalajdžić played for Austria at under-21 level, before making his senior international debut in October 2020. He was part of Austria's squad at Euro 2020.

Austria national under-21 football team
The Austria national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Austria and is controlled by the Austrian Football Association.

This team is for Austrian players aged 21 or under at the start of a two-year European Under-21 Football Championship campaign, so players can be, and often are, up to 23 years old.
Veronica Belmont
Veronica Ann Belmont (born July 21, 1982) is an American online media personality. She was formerly the co-host of the Revision3 show Tekzilla alongside Patrick Norton. Belmont was the co-host of the former TWiT.tv gaming show Game On! along with Brian Brushwood, and the former host of the monthly PlayStation 3-based video on demand program Qore. Additionally, she was the host for the Mahalo Daily podcast and a producer and associate editor for CNET Networks, Inc. where she produced, engineered, and co-hosted the podcast Buzz Out Loud.

Brian Brushwood
Brian Allen Brushwood (born January 17, 1975) is an American magician, podcaster, author, lecturer, YouTuber and comedian. Brushwood is known for the series Scam Nation (previously Scam School), a show where he teaches the audience entertaining tricks at bars so they can "scam" a free drink. The show also claims to be the only show dedicated to social engineering at the bar and on the street. In addition to Scam Nation, Brushwood co-hosts the podcasts Weird Things with Andrew Mayne and Justin Robert Young, Cordkillers with Tom Merritt, and Great Night with Young. Brushwood was also a regular guest on the This Week in Tech podcast. Brushwood performs his Bizarre Magic stage show across the United States and is the author of six books. Brushwood also co-hosted a YouTube show along with Jason Murphy called The Modern Rogue. Brushwood has appeared on national television numerous times including on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, CNN and Food Network.
Asunder (software)
Asunder is a free and open-source graphical (GTK 2) audio CD ripper program for Unix-like systems. It doesn't have dependencies to the GNOME libraries (GStreamer and dconf) or libraries of other desktop environments. It functions as a front-end for cdparanoia.

Its first version was released in January 2005. Asunder is free software released under the GNU General Public License version 2.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
Peggy Cass
Mary Margaret "Peggy" Cass (May 21, 1924 – March 8, 1999) was an American actress, comedian, game show panelist, and announcer.

As an actress, Cass is best known for originating the role of Agnes Gooch in the 1956 stage and 1958 film versions of Auntie Mame, for which she won a Tony Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. As a television personality, Cass is best known as one of the resident panelists on To Tell the Truth from 1962 to 1968 when hosted by Bud Collyer, 1969 to 1978 when hosted by Garry Moore and his successors Bill Cullen and Joe Garagiola, and 1990 when hosted by Gordon Elliott.

Auntie Mame (film)
Auntie Mame is a 1958 American Technirama Technicolor comedy film based on the 1955 novel of the same name by Edward Everett Tanner III (under the pseudonym Patrick Dennis) and the 1956 play of the same name by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee. This film version stars Rosalind Russell and was directed by Morton DaCosta.