hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludwig Grünwald
Ludwig Grünwald (10 February 1863, Vienna – 11 August 1927) was an Austrian born, German internist and otolaryngologist.

He studied medicine in Munich, where after graduation, he opened a practice in internal medicine. He became a specialist in the field of otorhinolaryngology, being credited as the first physician to attempt surgery for the treatment of nasal suppuration and disease associated with the ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

Along with internist Richard May (1863-1936), he developed a solution that later became known as the May–Grünwald stain, a stain used for peripheral blood film and bone marrow. His books on diseases of the larynx and on nasal suppuration have been translated into English.

Aside from otolaryngology, he is also remembered for his discovery of a large ecchymosis located in the umbilicus associated with acute pancreatitis, the Grünwald's sign.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Kalimavkion
A kalimavkion (Greek: καλυμμαύχιον), kalymmavchi (καλυμμαύχι), or, by metathesis of the word's internal syllables, kamilavka (Russian: камила́вка, romanized: kamilávka), is a clerical headdress worn by Orthodox Christian and Eastern Catholic monks (in which case it is black) or awarded to clergy (in which case it may be red or purple). An approximate equivalent in the Latin Church is the biretta (Latin: biretum/birretum).

In the Byzantine Empire the term kamelaukion (καμηλ(λ)αύκιον or καμιλαύκιον) was a more general one for formal headgear, including items worn by the imperial family.

Biretta
The biretta (Latin: biretum, birretum) is a square cap with three or four peaks or horns, sometimes surmounted by a tuft.  Traditionally the three-peaked biretta is worn by Christian clergy, especially Roman Catholic clergy, as well as some Lutheran and Anglican clergy. A four-peaked biretta is worn as academic dress (but not liturgically) by those holding a doctoral degree from a pontifical faculty or pontifical university or faculty. Occasionally the biretta is worn by legal professionals, for instance advocates in the Channel Islands or judges in some Polish courts.
Imraan Moosa
Imraan Ismail-Moosa (born 15 June 1961) is a South African politician who has been a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa since June 2025, representing Al Jama-ah, an Islamist party in South Africa. He had previously served as a ward councillor in the City of Johannesburg.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Stephanitis pyri
Stephanitis pyri, the pear lace bug, is a species of lace bug in the family Tingidae. It is found in Northern Africa, Southern and Central Europe, and Asia. The species is considered a pest for apple and pear trees, and is said to be polyphagous. S.pyri was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775.

Tingidae
The Tingidae, commonly referred to as lace bugs due to their intricate wings, are a family of very small (2-10 mm (0.08-0.39 in)) insects in the order Hemiptera. These insects exist in multiple regions of the world and live on various plants, depending on the species. There are roughly 2,000 described species across the 3 subfamilies which include Cantacaderinae, Tinginae and Vianaidinae.
Joe Gormley (footballer)
Joseph Anthony Gormley (born Belfast, 26 November 1989) is a footballer who plays as a striker for Cliftonville in the Irish League.

Gormley is Cliftonville's all-time record goalscorer, reaching 300 in November 2025.

NIFL Premiership
The NIFL Premiership, known as the Sports Direct Premiership for sponsorship purposes but most commonly called the Irish League and sometimes the Irish Premiership, is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The NIFL Premiership was established as the IFA Premiership in 2008 under the auspices of the Irish Football Association as the successor to the Irish Premier League, before the Northern Ireland Football League was created for the start of the 2013–14 season. At the end of the season, the champion club is presented with the Gibson Cup.

Linfield are the current champions, winning their 56th Irish League title in the 2024–25 season.
Pule Shayi
Pule Josiah Shayi (born 30 June 1972) is a South African politician who has served as the mayor of Mopani District Municipality since 2019. Before that, he was Mayor of Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality from 2016 to 2019. He is best known as the Regional Chairperson of the African National Congress (ANC) in the Mopani region, an office he has held since 2017.

Mopani District Municipality
The Mopani District Municipality (Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Selete wa Mopani; Tsonga: Masipala wa Xifundza xa Mopani) is one of the 5 districts of the Limpopo province of South Africa. The seat of the district is Giyani. According to the 2016 Community Survey, it had a population of 1,159,185. The district code is DC33. After the 12th amendment to the Constitution of South Africa, parts of the Bohlabela District Municipality were incorporated into Mopani.
Solstice (novel)
LGBTQ portal

Solstice is a novel by Joyce Carol Oates first published in 1984 by E. P. Dutton and reprinted by Berkley Books in 1985.
Solstice is an examination of a tempestuous lesbian romance involving two heterosexual women, each striving to gain control of the relationship and their self-identity.

Joyce Carol Oates
Joyce Carol Oates (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. Oates published her first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a number of plays and novellas, and many volumes of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and Blonde (2000), and her short story collection Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. She has won many awards for her writing, including the National Book Award for her novel Them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, the National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize (2019).

Oates taught at Princeton University from 1978 to 2014, and is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing. From 2016 to 2020, she was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where she taught short fiction in the spring semesters. She now teaches at Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
DESY (particle accelerator)
The particle accelerator DESY (acronym for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron or German Electron Synchrotron) was the first particle accelerator of the DESY research centre in Hamburg and the one that gave the research centre its name. The DESY synchrotron was used for research in particle physics from 1964 to 1978 and served as a pre-accelerator for other accelerator facilities at DESY.

Construction of the synchrotron started in 1960. With a circumference of 300 m, it was the world's largest facility of its kind and accelerated electrons to 7.4 GeV. The first electrons circulated in acceleration on 25 February 1964, and research activities into elementary particles at the DESY synchrotron started in May 1964. In the experiments carried out at DESY, the electron beams were directed at fixed targets.

Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator
The Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator (PETRA) is one of the particle accelerators at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg, Germany. At the time of its construction, it was the biggest storage ring of its kind and still is DESY's second largest synchrotron after HERA. PETRA's original purpose was research in elementary particle physics. From 1978 to 1986, it was used to study electron–positron collisions with the four experiments JADE, MARK-J, PLUTO and TASSO. The discovery of the gluon, the carrier particle of the strong nuclear force, by the TASSO collaboration in 1979 is counted as one of the biggest successes. PETRA was able to accelerate electrons and positrons to 19 GeV.

Research at PETRA led to an intensified international use of the facilities at DESY. Scientists from China, France, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the USA participated in the first experiments at PETRA alongside many German colleagues.
Division of McEwen
The Division of McEwen is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. The electorate is located in the centre of the state, north of its capital city Melbourne. Classed as a rural seat, it includes the towns of Gisborne, Macedon, Whittlesea, and Wallan, though it also includes the newly-developed Melbourne suburbs of Mernda, Doreen and Donnybrook.

Whittlesea, Victoria
Whittlesea is a town in Victoria, Australia, 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Whittlesea local government area. Whittlesea recorded a population of 6,117 at the 2021 census.
Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall
Sir Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall FRS (20 December 1871 in Amritsar, Punjab – 8 April 1959 in London), was an Indian-born British entomologist. He worked at the Bureau of Entomology which was later called the Imperial Institute of Entomology  (which was later merged into the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) serving as its director from 1913 to 1942 and was an expert on African and oriental weevils. He described nearly 2300 species.

CAB International
CABI (legally CAB International, formerly Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux) is a nonprofit intergovernmental development and information organisation focusing primarily on agricultural and environmental issues in the developing world, and the creation, curation, and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
Freemasonry in Scotland
Freemasonry in Scotland in lodges chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland comprises the Scottish Masonic Constitution as regular Masonic jurisdiction for the majority of freemasons in Scotland. There are also lodges operating under the Scottish Masonic Constitution in countries outside of Scotland. Many of these are countries linked to Scotland and the United Kingdom through the Commonwealth of Nations and prior colonies and other settlements of the British Empire although there are several lodges in countries such as Lebanon, Belgium, Chile and Peru, which do not have such connections.

The Grand Lodge of Scotland is independent of, though in amity with, both of the other Grand Lodges established in the UK and Ireland, the United Grand Lodge of England and the Grand Lodge of Ireland. As of 2018, it consists of 32 provincial grand lodges in Scotland and 26 district grand lodges beyond the boundary of Scotland.

United Grand Lodge of England
The United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) is the governing Masonic lodge for the majority of freemasons in England, Wales, and the Commonwealth of Nations. Claiming descent from the Masonic Grand Lodge formed 24 June 1717 at the Goose & Gridiron Tavern in London, it is considered to be the oldest Masonic Grand Lodge in the world, together with the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland.
Solar eclipse of December 4, 1964
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Thursday, December 3 and Friday, December 4, 1964, with a magnitude of 0.7518. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This was the last of four partial solar eclipses in 1964, with the others occurring on January 14, June 10, and July 9.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northeast Asia, southwest Alaska, and Hawaii.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Legal and Criminological Psychology
Legal and Criminological Psychology is a quarterly academic journal published by the British Psychological Society. The journal was established in 1996. In 2018, it had an ISI impact factor of 1.764, ranking it 23 out of 65 in Criminology and Penology, 33 out of 148 in Law and 51 out of 137 in Multidisciplinary Psychology.

It is abstracted and indexed by:

Academic Search Alumni Edition

Criminal Justice Abstracts

Embase

ProQuest Central

PsycINFO

SCOPUS

Social Sciences Citation Index

SocINDEX

Web of Science

EBSCO Information Services
EBSCO Information Services, headquartered in Ipswich, Massachusetts, is a division of EBSCO Industries Inc., a private company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. EBSCO provides products and services to libraries of many types around the world. Its products include EBSCONET, a complete e-resource management system, and EBSCOhost, which supplies a fee-based online research service with 375 full-text databases, a collection of 600,000-plus ebooks, subject indexes, point-of-care medical references, and an array of historical digital archives. In 2010, EBSCO introduced its EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) to institutions, which allows searches of a portfolio of journals and magazines.
Tiffany Lynn Rowe
Tiffany Lynn Rowe (born May 29, 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland), also known professionally as Tiffany Lynn, is an American model and actress, initially best known as the partner and later fiancée of singer-songwriter Ashley Parker Angel in the reality series There and Back.

Ashley Parker Angel
Ashley Parker Angel is an American musician and actor who rose to prominence as a member of the boy band O-Town. After the band dissolved, he had a brief solo music career, and was the only former band member who declined to go on a reunion tour with O-Town in 2011. Parker Angel has acted in several Broadway productions since 2007, and most recently appeared in Wicked as the lead male character Fiyero Tigelaar.
Dorothy Djukulul
Dorothy Djukulul (born 1942) is a traditional Australian Aboriginal artist who lives in Ramingining in Central Arnhem Land. She speaks Ganalbingu and is a part of the Gurrumba Gurrumba clan, who identify as being a part of the Yirrija moiety.

Ramingining, Northern Territory
Ramingining is an Aboriginal Australian community of mainly Yolngu people in the Northern Territory, Australia, 560 kilometres (350 mi) east of Darwin. It is on the edge of the Arafura Swamp in Arnhem Land. Wulkabimirri is a tiny outstation (homeland) nearby, and Murwangi, further south, is part of the Ramingining Homelands. Marwuyu Gulparil, also known as Gulparil Marwuyu or just Marwuyu, is another remote community to the south of Ramingining.
3H domain
In molecular biology, the 3H domain is a protein domain named after its three highly conserved histidine residues. The 3H domain appears to be a smarr molecure-binding domain, based on its occurrence with other domains. Several proteins carrying this domain are transcriptional regulators from the biotin repressor family. The transcription regulator TM1602 from Thermotoga maritima is a DNA-binding protein thought to belong to a family of de novo NAD synthesis pathway regulators. TM1602 has an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal 3H regulatory domain. The N-terminal domain appears to bind to the NAD promoter region and repress the de novo NAD biosynthesis operon, while the C-terminal 3H domain may bind to nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or other substrate/products. The 3H domain has a 2-layer alpha/beta sandwich fold.

Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins.
Ryan Grubb
Ryan Grubb (born April 16, 1976) is an American football coach who currently serves as the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama. He previously served as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at the University of Washington from 2022 to 2023 as well as the Seattle Seahawks in 2024.
Grubb played college football at Buena Vista University as a running back and wide receiver from 1994 to 1997. Prior to his tenure for the Seattle Seahawks, Grubb previously served as an assistant coach at the University of Washington, California State University, Fresno, Eastern Michigan University, the University of Sioux Falls and South Dakota State University.

Fresno State Bulldogs football
The Fresno State Bulldogs football team represents California State University, Fresno, in NCAA Division I FBS college football as a member of the Mountain West Conference (Pac-12 Conference in 2026). The green "V" on the Bulldogs' helmets, uniforms, and playing field symbolizes California's Central Valley, specifically the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural valley from which they draw their support.
Spinosuchus
Spinosuchus (meaning "spined crocodile") is an extinct genus of trilophosaurid allokotosaur from the Late Triassic of Texas, southern United States. It has been assigned to a variety of groups over its history, from coelophysid dinosaur to pseudosuchian to uncertain theropod dinosaur and to Proterosuchidae. This uncertainty is not unusual, given that it was only known from a poorly preserved, wall-mounted, partial vertebral column of an animal that lived in a time of diverse, poorly known reptile groups. However, newly collected material and recent phylogenetic studies of early archosauromorphs suggest that it represents an advanced trilophosaurid very closely related to Trilophosaurus.

Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between 237 Ma and 201.4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.

Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including Plateosaurus, Coelophysis, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and  is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth.
Loraine Hunt
Loraine Hunt is an English former international footballer who played as a defender for the Doncaster Belles. She represented the England women's national football team at senior international level and won sixteen caps. Hunt was part of the team at the 1987 European Competition for Women's Football. During her club career she won the Women's FA Cup four times with Doncaster Belles.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
Ohaldre
Ohaldres (from Spanish hojaldres) are Filipino puff pastries originating from the Visayas Islands. They are very similar to utap, and are sometimes considered a type of utap, but they have a denser texture and are sliced thicker. They are usually baked as tight spirals or double whorls and are around 1 to 3 in (2.5 to 7.6 cm) in diameter.

Puff pastry
Puff pastry, also known as pâte feuilletée, is a light, flaky pastry, its base dough (détrempe) composed of wheat flour and water. Butter or other solid fat (beurrage) is then layered into the dough. The dough is repeatedly rolled and folded, rested, re-rolled and folded, encasing solid butter between each resulting layer.

This produces a laminated dough. During baking, gaps form between the layers left by the fat melting; the pastry is leavened by steam from the water content of the fat as it expands, puffing the separate layers. The pastry layers crisp as the heated fat is in contact with its surfaces.
Vishwamitra Pathak
Vishwamitra Pathak is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2008 and 2023, representing Sihawal Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.