hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Losmapimod
Losmapimod (GW856553X) is an investigational drug that reached stage III clinical trials for multiple medical conditions, but did not prove efficacy. It was most recently in development by Fulcrum Therapeutics for the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Losmapimod selectively inhibits enzymes p38α/β mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are modulators of DUX4 expression and mediators of inflammation.

Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.
Lionel Bostock
Lionel Carrington Bostock OBE MC (13 February 1888 – 30 January 1962) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.  He served with the Manchester Regiment and during the First World War was also seconded to the West African Frontier Force and the British Indian Army.  After the war Bostock was seconded to the Egyptian Army and became commander of the Equatorial Corps of the Sudan Defence Force.  In 1927–28 he led a punitive expedition against a rebellion of the Nuer people and successfully defeated a force led by Prophet Garluark.  Bostock retired in 1933 but was recalled to service during the Second World War.

Punitive expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war (e.g. surgical strike). In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers.

Stowell (1921) provides the following definition:

When the territorial sovereign is too weak or is unwilling to enforce respect for international law, a state which is wronged may find it necessary to invade the territory and to chastise the individuals who violate its rights and threaten its security.
Milan Smiljanić (priest)
Milan Smiljanic (c. 1891 - August 1979) was a protopriest of the Serbian Orthodox Church, a participant in the Balkan Wars and the People's Liberation War, and a socio-political worker of the People's Republic of Serbia. His voice was recorded on the Voyager Golden Record saying: "Желимо вам све најлепше са наше планете" (Želimo vam sve najlepše sa naše planete; We wish you all the best, from our planet).

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Dow Championship
The Dow Championship is a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour that is played in Michigan. A new event in 2019, it is held at Midland Country Club in Midland, Michigan. It is a team event, similar to the Zurich Classic of New Orleans on the PGA Tour, with alternate shot (foursome) in the first and third rounds and better ball (fourball) for the second and fourth rounds. Dow Chemical Company is the title sponsor.

The 2020 edition was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the 2021 edition, the purse was increased to $2.3 million, with the first-place team splitting $559,000.

For 2022, the purse was increased to $2.5 million, with the first-place team splitting $603,172.

In 2023, the 70 two-woman teams are set featuring foursomes and fourballs in alternating days, including a 36-hole cut, to determine the winning team. The purse was increased to $2.7 million, with the first-place team splitting $656,230.

Four-ball golf
Four-ball is a pairs playing format in the game of golf. It is also known as better ball or best ball. It is also sometimes abbreviated as 4BBB.

In a stroke play competition, competitors are paired and play as a team. Each golfer plays their own ball; the team's score on each hole is the lower of the two players' scores. Only one of a pair is required to complete each hole. The winners are the team with the lowest aggregate score over a set number of holes. Since 2017 this format, along with foursomes, has been used by the Zurich Classic on the PGA Tour.

In a match play competition, a four-ball consists of two teams of two players competing directly against each other. All four golfers play their own balls throughout the round (rather than alternating shots on a single ball); each hole is won by the team whose member has the lowest score. This form of golf is commonly played in team golf competitions such as the Ryder Cup, Solheim Cup, and Presidents Cup.
State Library railway station
State Library railway station is an underground railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Sunbury line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the northern end of the Melbourne city centre in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

As part of the Metro Tunnel project, State Library is an underground premium station, featuring an island platform with two platforms. The station connects directly to Melbourne Central station via an underground concourse. Construction commenced in 2018, with major construction completed in October 2025. The station opened on 30 November 2025, along with the rest of the Metro Tunnel.

The station features two street-level entrances on La Trobe and Franklin Streets and is named for the nearby State Library of Victoria. It provides direct access to RMIT University, Melbourne City Baths, Melbourne Central shopping centre and the nearby Queen Victoria Market.

Queen Victoria Market
The Queen Victoria Market (also known colloquially as the Vic Market or Queen Vic) is a major landmark and public marketplace in the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Covering over seven hectares (17 acres), it is the largest open air market in the Southern Hemisphere.

Constructed in stages from the 1860s and officially opened in 1878, the Queen Victoria Market is the last remaining major market in the CBD, and along with Prahran Market and South Melbourne Market, the last of the city's Victorian era markets still operating. It is listed on both the Victorian Heritage Register and the National Heritage List, and is one of Melbourne's major tourist sites, attracting approximately 10 million visitors annually.
Nassau (Cook Islands)
Nassau is an island in the northern group of the Cook Islands. It is approximately 1,246 kilometres (774 mi) north of the capital island of Rarotonga and 88 kilometres (55 mi) from Pukapuka coral atoll. Lacking an airstrip, it is accessible only by boat. It is named after a 19th-century whaling ship. Its indigenous name, Te Nuku-o-Ngalewu, means "Land of Ngalewu" after the Pukapukan who was put in charge of it.

Rarotonga
Rarotonga is the largest and most populous island of the country of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of 67.39 km2 (26.02 sq mi), and is home to 72% of the country's population, with 10,898 of a total population of 15,040. Avarua, on the north coast, is the location of the Parliament buildings and the capital of the Cook Islands. The country's international airport is also in Avarua, and Rarotonga is a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, hotels and motels.

Rarotonga has been populated by a Polynesian people since late in the 1st millennium. Captain John Dibbs, master of the colonial brig Endeavour, is credited as the European discoverer, on 25 July 1823 while transporting the missionary Reverend John Williams.
Paul Simon (drummer)
Paul Simon (born 1950 in Halifax, West Yorkshire,) is an English drummer who played with different punk and new wave artists including Ian North, Radio Stars, John Foxx and Glen Matlock. He is the brother of Robin, Ultravox and Magazine guitarist, with whom formed Ajanta Music, an experimental band, in the 1990s.

John Foxx
John Foxx (born Dennis Leigh; 26 September 1948) is an English singer, musician, artist, photographer, graphic designer, writer, teacher and lecturer. He was the original lead singer of the new wave band Ultravox, before leaving to embark on a solo career in 1980 with the album Metamatic.

Primarily associated with electronic synthesizer music, he has also pursued a parallel career in graphic design and education. Andy Kellman of AllMusic described Foxx as an influential cult figure whose "detached, jolting vocal style inspired mainstream and underground artists across the decades".
Order of Sidonia
The Order of Sidonia was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Saxony, a member state of the German Empire. The order was founded on 14 March 1871 by John, King of Saxony. The order was primarily awarded to women in recognition of their dedication and self-sacrifice in caring for wounded soldiers during the Franco-Prussian War. It was the first order for women in Saxony until the establishment of the Order of Maria Anna. It was named for Sidonie of Poděbrady, wife of Albert III, Duke of Saxony, who was renowned for her virtue and piety. The order became obsolete in 1918, following Germany's defeat in World War I and the end of the monarchy.

Sidonie of Poděbrady
Sidonie of Poděbrady (Czech: Zdenka z Poděbrad; 11 November 1449 – 1 February 1510) was a duchess consort of Saxony, as the wife of Albert III. She was a daughter of George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia, and his first wife Kunigunde of Sternberg. She was the twin sister of Catherine of Poděbrady, wife of Matthias Corvinus of Hungary.
Joan Peters (dancer)
Joan Peters (May 16, 1939 – November 9, 2022) was an American dancer, choreographer, and educator, best known for her mastery of the Katherine Dunham Technique and her work with the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. Over a career spanning more than sixty years, Peters played a crucial role in preserving the Dunham Technique, a dance methodology blending Afro-Caribbean movement with modern dance principles. She was one of the few officially recognized master teachers of Dunham’s method and a passionate advocate for the accessibility of dance education to diverse communities, including the visually impaired and deaf.

Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Founded in 1958, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (AAADT) is the largest modern dance company in the United States. Based in New York City, the company was founded by Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Alvin Ailey (1931–1989), a noted choreographer and dancer. The Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation, which includes AAADT and Ailey II, the Ailey School, Ailey Extension, AileyCamp, and other operations, is housed in the 87,000-square-foot (8,083 m2) Joan Weill Center for Dance, one of the largest buildings dedicated exclusively to dance in the United States. AAADT is recognized as a vital American cultural ambassador, and has performed for diverse audiences in more than seventy countries around the world.
Cataldo Amodei
Cataldo Vito Amodei (6 May 1649  – 13 July 1693) was an Italian composer of the mid-Baroque period who spent his career in Naples. His cantatas were important predecessors to the active cantata production of 18th-century Naples, and he stands with the elder Francesco Provenzale and younger Alessandro Scarlatti as among the principal Italian cantata composers. Other surviving works include a book of motets dedicated to Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor; a serenata; two pastorales; two psalms; and four oratorios, which were important contributions to their genre.

Amodei held posts at various musical institutions, maestro del coro (choirmaster) at San Paolo Maggiore and two prestigious conservatories: the Conservatorio di Sant'Onofrio a Porta Capuana (1680/81–1688) and second choirmaster at Conservatorio Santa Maria di Loreto (1687–1689). His virtuosic 1685 book of cantatas, Cantate, Op. 2, was the first book of cantatas published in Naples.

Francesco Provenzale
Francesco Provenzale (25 September 1632 – 6 September 1704) was an Italian Baroque composer and teacher. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. Notably Provenzale was the teacher of famed castrato 'il cavaliere Nicolo Grimaldi (detto Nicolini)'.
Sports in Somaliland
Sports are popular in Somaliland from both the participation and spectating aspect. The most popular sport in Somaliland is football; other popular sports include track and field and basketball. Sporting events in Somaliland are organised by the Somaliland's Ministry of Youth and Sports. Somaliland hosts the Somaliland Regional Games, a multi-sport event every two or four years. The participants of this event are the athletes from all regions of Somaliland.

The Somaliland national football team has a FIFA application for membership pending recognition and would join Confederation of African Football and CECAFA in African competitive football ,Somaliland has participated in the CONIFA World Football Cup.
Somaliland would likely join International Olympic Committee pending recognition as a sovereign country, Basketball is also a keen sport in Somaliland with Men's and Women's Teams and Leagues.

Ministry of Youth and Sports (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Youth & Sports (Somali: Wasaaradda Ciyaraaha & Dhallinyarada Somaliland) (Arabic: وزارة الشباب والرياضة)  is a Somaliland government ministry that is in charge of regulating activities related to sports and youth development in Somaliland. The current minister is Ahmed Yasin Mohamed Farah and the deputy minister is Yusuf Noah Yusuf.
Grade separation
In civil engineering (and more specifically, highway or railway engineering), grade separation is a method of aligning a junction of two or more surface transport axes at different heights (grades) so that they will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.  The composition of such transport axes does not have to be uniform; it can consist of a mixture of roads, footpaths, railways, canals, or airport runways. Bridges (or overpasses, also called flyovers), tunnels (or underpasses), or a combination of both can be built at a junction to achieve the needed grade separation.

In North America, a grade-separated junction may be referred to as a grade separation or as an interchange—in contrast with an intersection, at-grade, a diamond crossing or a level crossing, which are not grade-separated.

Level junction
A level junction (or in the United Kingdom a flat crossing) is a railway junction that has a track configuration in which merging or crossing railroad lines provide track connections with each other that require trains to cross over in front of opposing traffic at grade (i.e. on the level).

The cross-over structure is sometimes called a diamond junction or diamond crossing in reference to the diamond-shaped center. The two tracks need not necessarily be of the same gauge.
A diamond crossing is also used as a component of a double junction, like the one illustrated on the right.

The opposite of a level junction is a flying junction, where individual tracks rise or fall to pass over or under other tracks.
Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions
After partitioning Poland at the end of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Prussia and later the German Empire imposed a number of Germanisation policies and measures in the newly gained territories, aimed at limiting the Polish ethnic presence and culture in these areas. This process continued through its various stages until the end of World War I, when most of the territories became part of the Second Polish Republic, which largely limited the capacity of further Germanisation efforts of the Weimar Republic until the occupation during World War II.

Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945)
An intense process of Germanisation was carried out by Nazi Germany in German-occupied Poland during World War II, with the ultimate goal of eliminating Polish culture and people. This included the mass-murder of Polish intellectuals and the kidnapping of Polish children.
Cocalus (spider)
Cocalus is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846, and is named after Cocalus, a Sicilian king of Greek mythology.

At least one species, Cocalus gibbosus, does not adhere to spider silk and will sometimes invade the webs of other spiders and stalk across the webs to feed on them, preferring spiders over insects in its diet.  However, unlike other araneophagic jumping spiders like Portia, Cocalus gibbosus does not pluck on the webs of other spiders.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Hinemihi (Ngāti Tūwharetoa)
Hinemihi was a Māori woman of Ngāti Awa from Whakatāne in the Bay of Plenty, who married Tū-te-tawhā of Ngāti Tūwharetoa from the southern part of Lake Taupō, New Zealand. She is the ancestor of the Ngāti Hinemihi hapū of Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Te Ponanga saddle between Lake Taupō and Lake Rotoaira is named for an incident in her life. She probably lived in the seventeenth century.

Ngāti Tūwharetoa
Ngāti Tūwharetoa is an iwi descended from Ngātoro-i-rangi, the priest who navigated the Arawa canoe to New Zealand. The Tūwharetoa region extends from Te Awa o te Atua (Tarawera River) at Matatā across the central plateau of the North Island to the lands around Mount Tongariro and Lake Taupō.

Tūwharetoa is the sixth largest iwi in New Zealand, with a population of 35,877 of the 2013 New Zealand census, and 40% of its people under the age of 15. The tribe consists of a number of hapū (subtribes) represented by 33 marae (meeting places). The collective is bound together by the legacy of Ngātoro-i-rangi as epitomised in the ariki (paramount chief), currently Sir Tumu te Heuheu Tūkino VIII.

In the 2013 New Zealand census 35,877 people identified as Ngāti Tūwharetoa. By the 2018 New Zealand census, there were at least 47,103 people identifying with the iwi, including 44,448 identifying with the Taupō branch, and 2,655 identifying with the Kawerau branch.
Raja CA Academy
Raja Club Athletic Academy (Raja CA Academy or simply Raja Academy) is the training ground and academy headquarters of Moroccan football club Raja Club Athletic. The construction was eventually completed in 2021, having been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2022, Raja CA Academy hosted the first team first training and it officially opened its doors on 22 September 2022.

In addition to the first team facilities, it houses the club's academy structure that offers to its young footballers, in association with the Raja-Oasis Sports Complex, accommodation, education and a high-level football development.

Raja-Oasis Sports Complex was already one of the first centers to comply with international standards in Africa, and the first Moroccan academy to adopt the "sport-study" system that combine both football and education. It was chosen by the technical direction of the Royal Moroccan Football Federation as the best club training center in 2021.

Royal Moroccan Football Federation
The Royal Moroccan Football Federation (abbr. FRMF; Arabic: الجامعة الملكية المغربية لكرة القدم; French: Fédération Royale Marocaine de Football) is the governing body for association football in Morocco. Founded in 1957, one year after Morocco regained independence, it joined FIFA in 1960 and became a member of CAF the same year. The federation administers the national football league system and oversees its top division, the Botola Pro. It is also responsible for the Morocco national football teams across all age categories and disciplines. The FRMF is headquartered in Rabat and is a member of the UAFA and the UNAF.
Ensemble Musikfabrik
The Ensemble Musikfabrik (music factory ensemble) is an ensemble for contemporary classical music located in Cologne. Their official name is Ensemble Musikfabrik Landesensemble NRW e.V. (Ensemble Musikfabrik of the state of  North Rhine-Westphalia, registered association).

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Copper Basin (Nevada)
Copper Basin is a basin located between the Copper Mountains and Fox Creek Range of northern Elko County, Nevada, United States. The basin, located on the border of the Mountain City and Jarbidge ranger districts within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, is known for its displays of wildflowers during early summer. It is accessed via Elko County Route 748, also known as Charleston-Jarbidge Road, by way of either Charleston or Jarbidge.

Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest
The Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion further west in Eastern California in the state of California. With an area of 6,289,821 acres (25,454.00 km2), it is the largest U.S. National Forest reservation outside of Alaska, further northwest on the North American continent.