hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Literature in Iran
Literature in Iran encompasses a variety of literary traditions in the various languages used in Iran. Modern literatures of Iran include Persian literature (in Persian, the country's primary language), Azerbaijani literature (in Azerbaijani, the country's second largely spoken language), and Kurdish literature (in Kurdish, the country's third largely spoken language), among others.

Kurdish literature
Kurdish literature (Kurdish: وێژەی کوردی, romanized: Wêjeya kurdî or ئەدەبی کوردی) is literature written in the Kurdish languages. Literary Kurdish works have been written in each of the six main Kurdish languages: Zaza, Gorani, Kurmanji, Sorani, Laki and Southern Kurdish. Balül, a 9th-century poet and religious scholar of the Yarsani faith, is the first well-known poet who wrote in Gorani Kurdish. Ehmedê Xanî (1650–1707) is probably the most renowned of the old Kurdish poets. He wrote the romantic epic Mem û Zîn in Kurmanji, sometimes considered the Kurdish national epic. Sorani poetry developed mainly after the late 18th century.

Most written Kurdish literature was poetry until the 20th century, when prose genres began to be developed.
Apology (Xenophon)
The Apology of Socrates to the Jury (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολογία Σωκράτους πρὸς τοὺς Δικαστάς), by Xenophon of Athens, is a Socratic dialogue about the legal defence that the philosopher Socrates presented at his trial for the moral corruption of Athenian youth; and for asebeia (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens; judged guilty, Socrates was sentenced to death.

Xenophon’s literary rendition of the defence of Socrates evinces the philosopher’s ethical opinion about a sentence of death: that it is better to die before the onset of senility than to escape death by humbling oneself to an unjust persecution.

The other extant primary source about the persons and events of the Trial of Socrates (399 BC) is the Apology of Socrates, by Plato.

Impiety
Impiety is a perceived lack of proper respect for something considered sacred. Impiety is often closely associated with sacrilege, though it is not necessarily a physical action. Impiety cannot be associated with a cult, as it implies a larger belief system was disrespected. One of the Pagan objections to Christianity was that, unlike other mystery religions, early Christians refused to cast a pinch of incense before the images of the gods, an impious act in their eyes. Impiety in ancient civilizations was a civic concern, rather than solely religious (as religions were tied into the state). It was believed that impious actions such as disrespect towards sacred objects or priests could bring down the wrath of the gods.
Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu
Mella Thirandhathu Kadhavu (transl. The door opened gently) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language romantic musical film, written and directed by R. Sundarrajan, and produced by AVM Productions. The film, starring Mohan, Radha and Amala, was released on 12 September 1986 and became a commercial success.

The film's score and soundtrack were composed by M. S. Viswanathan and Ilaiyaraaja together as per the credits; however the song tunes were composed by Viswanathan and orchestra arrangements were by Ilaiyaraaja.

Mohan (actor)
Mohan (born 10 May 1956) is an Indian actor, known for his works predominantly in Tamil cinema. Besides Tamil films, he has also acted in some Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam films. Mohan is also known as "Kokila Mohan" after his debut film Kokila (1977), and "Mic Mohan" from numerous roles playing singers using microphones. In 1982, he received the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actor for his work in Payanangal Mudivathillai. One of the most successful Tamil film stars of the 1980s, he faced career setbacks in the 1990s and his film appearances have been intermittent since.
Hilda, Missouri
Hilda is an unincorporated community within the Mark Twain National Forest District in Taney County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 160 three miles east of the Kissee Mills recreation area on the Beaver Creek arm of Bull Shoals Lake and approximately twenty miles east of Branson.

The federally-designated, 13,000 acre Hercules Glades Wilderness Area lies one mile east of Hilda. The site of the former Hilda Lookout Tower is approximately one mile south on Lime Kiln Mountain.  Hilda is part of the Branson Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office called Hilda was established in 1896, and remained in operation until 1975. An early postmaster gave the community the first name of his wife, Hilda Mosely.

Kissee Mills, Missouri
Kissee Mills (pronounced "Kiz-zē' Mills") is a census-designated place in Taney County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 160, approximately five miles east of Forsyth. Kissee Mills is part of the Branson, Missouri Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Glossary of rugby union terms
Rugby union is a team sport played between two teams of fifteen (15) players.

This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of rugby union. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.

Bomb (kick)
A bomb, also known as an up and under or a Garryowen, is a type of kick used in various codes of football. It is a high kick intended to send the ball relatively straight up, so players can get under it before it comes down (see hang time).
Huangzhuang Subdistrict, Tianjin
Huangzhuang Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 黄庄街道; traditional Chinese: 黃莊街道; pinyin: Huángzhuāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict on the south edge of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It borders Yunhexi and Dongpuwa Subdistricts to its north, Xiazhuzhuang and Yangcun Subdistricts to its east, Shuangjie and Shuangkou Towns to its south, as well as Zhangzhuang and Chenzui Towns to its west. In the year 2010, the subdistrict is home to 16,881 people.

The name Huangzhuang (Chinese: 黄庄; lit. 'Huang's Villa') originated in the founding of the locality during Ming Dynasty, when Huang family was the first settlers in the area.

Dongpuwa Subdistrict
Dongpuwa Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 东蒲洼街道; traditional Chinese: 東蒲窪街道; pinyin: Dōngpúwā Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated on the center of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China. It shares border with Sicundian and Nancaicun Towns in its north, Xuguantun and Yunhexi Subdistricts in its east, Huangzhuang Subdistrict in its south, and Douzhangzhuang Town in its west. According to the 2010 Chinese Census, the population for this subdistrict was 48,808.

The name Dongpuwa (Chinese: 东蒲洼; lit. 'East Bulrush Ditch') originated from the foundation of settlement here the Ming dynasty, and it was referring to the area's low-lying position near the Dongfeng River.
Mantana Morakul
Mantana Keartiwongs is known by the original name Mantana Morakul (Thai: มัณฑนา โมรากุล, RTGS: Manthana Morakun; born March 30, 1923) was the first female singer in The Public Relations Department band, Luk Krung singer and the Early Era singer of The Suntaraporn Band. Mantana also is the National artist of 2009 in Performing arts (Thai music – singing).

Winai Chulabutsapa
Winai Chulabutsapa (Thai: วินัย จุลละบุษปะ, RTGS: Winai Chunlabutsapa; June 12, 1922 - September 14, 1999) was a lead singer of the Suntaraporn band, leader of The Public Relations Department band and Sangkheetsamphant band. He was well known for his songs which are mostly sung in Tango Rhythms until he got the famous nickname "The King of Tango".
Zamzam Refugee Camp
The Zamzam refugee camp is one of the largest internally displaced persons (IDP) camps in Sudan, located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of El Fasher, North Darfur. It was established in 2004 to accommodate the massive influx of people displaced by the war in Darfur. As of now, the camp houses approximately 500,000 displaced individuals. In the light of the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), the camp is currently facing severe humanitarian challenges, including a catastrophic malnutrition crisis. Conditions have deteriorated to the point where famine-like situations have emerged, with reports of high child mortality rates, and experts describe the crisis as man-made and preventable. In addition, the Zamzam and Abu Shouk refugee camp has been continuously targeted by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

On 13 April 2025, the RSF seized control of the camp, displacing 400,000, and have since been systematically destroying it through deliberate arson.

North Darfur
North Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية شمال دارفور Wilāyat Šamāl Dārfūr; Shamal Darfor) is one of the wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the five states composing the Darfur region.  It has an area of 296,420 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 2,304,950 in 2018. Al-Fashir is the capital of the state.  Other significant towns include Ailliet, Kebkabiya, Kutum, Mellit (Malit), Tawila, Saraf Omra and Umm Keddada (Umm Kadadah).
Bruce McCray
Bruce Edward McCray (born October 27, 1963) is an American former professional football cornerback who played one season with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Independence Community College and Western Illinois University. He also played for the Chicago Bruisers of the Arena Football League (AFL).

Western Illinois University
Western Illinois University (WIU) is a public university in Macomb, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1899 as Western Illinois State Normal School. As the normal school grew, it became Western Illinois State Teachers College. Once Western Illinois started offering graduate degrees, it again changed its name to Western Illinois State College. Western Illinois has an additional campus in Moline.
Cerro Morado
22°51′S 66°43′W﻿ / ﻿22.850°S 66.717°W﻿ / -22.850; -66.717
Cerro Morado is a monogenetic volcanic field, in Argentina. It is part of a group of mafic volcanic centres in the Altiplano-Puna region, which is dominated by silicic rocks such as dacitic - rhyolitic rocks.

The field was formed during eruptions 6.4 million years ago which probably lasted from half a year to several years. These eruptions formed scoria cones and a plateau of lava flows.

Rhyolite
Rhyolite (/ˈraɪ.əlaɪt/ RY-ə-lyte) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase. It is the extrusive equivalent of granite.

Its high silica content makes rhyolitic magma extremely viscous. This favors explosive eruptions over effusive eruptions, so this type of magma is more often erupted as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. Rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs are among the most voluminous of continental igneous rock formations.

Rhyolitic tuff has been used extensively for construction. Obsidian, which is rhyolitic volcanic glass, has been used for tools from prehistoric times to the present day because it can be shaped to an extremely sharp edge. Rhyolitic pumice finds use as an abrasive, in concrete, and as a soil amendment.
Andrés Flores (composer)
Andrés Flores was one of four important criollo composers in baroque Bolivia trained by Juan de Araujo, during his tenure as choirmaster of the Cathedral of Sucre (then called La Plata) 1680–1712. The other three notable criollo composers were Sebastián de los Ríos, Roque Jacinto de Chavarría, and Blas Tardío y Guzmán.

Blas Tardío de Guzmán
Blas Tardío de Guzmán (fl. 1740s) was a Bolivian criollo composer, one of four notable criollo students of Juan de Araujo. He succeeded Juan Guerra y Biedma as chapelmaster, maestro de capilla, of the Cathedral of Sucre, then called La Plata, in 1745.
Bukovel
Bukovel (Ukrainian: Буковель) is the largest ski resort in Eastern Europe situated in Ukraine, in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. A part of it is in state property. The resort is located almost on the ridge-lines of the Carpathian Mountains at elevation of 900 m (3,000 ft) above the sea level near the village of Polianytsia (about 1.3 km (0.81 mi) away). It is one of the most popular ski resorts in the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains and is situated 30 km (19 mi) southwest of the city of Yaremche. In 2012, Bukovel was named the fastest-growing ski resort in the world.

Yaremche
Yaremche (Ukrainian: Яремче, IPA: [jɐˈrɛmtʃe] ⓘ; Polish: Jaremcze or Jaremcza) is a town in Nadvirna Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province) of west Ukraine. The Town is located at the altitude of around 580 metres (1,900 ft) above mean sea level. Yaremche hosts the administration of Yaremche urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 7,907 (2022 estimate).

Yaremche hosts the headquarters of the nearby Carpathian National Nature Park.
Pride & Joy (TV series)
Pride & Joy, is an American sitcom television series that was shown on NBC from March 21 to May 2, 1995. The series revolved around a Manhattan couple, Greg and Amy Sherman (played by Craig Bierko and Julie Warner), with a newborn son, and a couple across the hall, Nathan and Carol Green (Jeremy Piven and Caroline Rhea). The series ended after one season.

Julie Warner
Juliet Mia Warner (born 1964 or 1965) is an American actress. She is best known as Danni Lipton on Family Law (1999–2001) and Megan O'Hara on Nip/Tuck (2003–2006), Lou in Doc Hollywood (1991), Elaine in Mr. Saturday Night (1992), Michelle in Tommy Boy (1995), Micki in Wedding Bell Blues (1996), and Dean York in Chalk It Up (2016). She also appeared in the 1989 HBO special The Diceman Cometh with comedian Andrew Dice Clay.
Neighborhood Newspaper Group
Neighborhood Newspaper Group is the community newspaper publisher based on the Southwest Side of Chicago. The group currently publishes the Journal News, which covers Archer Heights, Brighton Park and McKinley Park, and City Newshound which covers Clearing and Garfield Ridge. Both papers are released weekly every Wednesday. The Journal News was known as Back of the Yards Journal, serving a single neighborhood within the Southwest community of New City, until February 2008, when the publisher moved its headquarters west and expanded focus to a larger area of the Southwest Side.

Archer Heights, Chicago
Archer Heights is a community area in Chicago, Illinois, one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago.

Archer Avenue runs from south of Chicago's downtown area, through the southwest side of Chicago and beyond into the southwest suburbs, along what was once a Native American trail. The neighborhood is bounded by the Stevenson Expressway to the north, the CTA Orange Line to the south, the Corwith railyard to the east, and the railroad tracks/Knox Avenue to the west.
CDC37
Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC37 gene. This protein is highly similar to Cdc 37, a cell division cycle control protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This protein is a HSP90 Co-chaperone with specific function in cell signal transduction. It has been shown to form complex with Hsp90 and a variety of protein kinases including CDK4, CDK6, SRC, RAF1, MOK, as well as eIF-2 alpha kinases. It is thought to play a critical role in directing Hsp90 to its target kinases.

Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them (phosphorylation) as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules. Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. The human genome contains about 500 protein kinase genes and they constitute about 2% of all human genes. There are two main types of protein kinase. The great majority are serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate the hydroxyl groups of serines and threonines in their targets. Most of the others are tyrosine kinases, although additional types exist. Protein kinases are also found in bacteria and plants. Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Ben Doane
Benjamin Nigel David Doane (born 22 December 1979) is an English, former footballer who played as a defender. Born in Sheffield he spent his entire playing career with his hometown club, Sheffield United save for two short loan spells with Kettering Town and Mansfield Town.

Kettering Town F.C.
Kettering Town Football Club is a football club based in Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at Latimer Park. Kettering were the first English club to wear sponsorship on their shirts in 1976, and have scored more goals in the FA Cup than any other club.
GDF3
Growth differentiation factor-3 (GDF3), also known as Vg-related gene 2 (Vgr-2) is protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF3 gene. GDF3 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It has high similarity to other TGF-β superfamily members including Vg1 (found in frogs) and GDF1.

GDF1
Growth differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF1 gene.

GDF1 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in left-right patterning and mesoderm induction during embryonic development. It is found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves of embryos.
Missi (film)
Missi is a 1976 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thoppil Bhasi and produced by M. O. Joseph. The film stars Lakshmi, Mohan Sharma, K. P. Ummer, Sudheer, Vidhubala, M G Soman, Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan.

Mohan Sharma
Mohan Sharma is an Indian film and television actor, film producer, director and screenwriter, who works in South Indian films. He has produced more than 15 films in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil and Kannada. He became noted through his role in Chattakari (1974).
1927 Rocksprings tornado
In the evening hours of April 12, 1927, a large and devastating tornado impacted the town of Rocksprings, located in the U.S. state of Texas. The tornado killed 72 residents of the town and injured a further 200; two other people were killed by the tornado as it passed near Leakey. The tornado was on the ground for approximately 65 miles (105 km) and reached a maximum width of over 1 mile (1.6 km) as it impacted Rocksprings.

The tornado was the third-deadliest in Texas history.

Leakey, Texas
Leakey (/ˈleɪki/ LAY-kee) is a city in and the county seat of Real County, Texas, United States. The population was 315 at the 2020 census. The city is named for John H. Leakey (1824–1900), a pioneer from Tennessee.
Oltenian dialect
The Oltenian dialect (Romanian: subdialectul/graiul oltenesc) is a dialect of the Romanian language spoken in the region of Oltenia, in Romania. Regionalisms from Oltenia include cloță (găină in standard Romanian, "chicken"), oichi (ochi, "eye") and a străfiga (a strănuta, "to sneeze"). A well-known particularity of the Oltenian dialect is the widespread usage of the simple perfect (perfectul simplu) verb form for both past and present actions. Oltenian is also spoken in the Timok Valley by the Timok Vlachs of Serbia and Bulgaria. Other than Oltenian, they also speak the Banat dialect.

Banat Romanian dialect
The Banat dialect (subdialectul / graiul bănățean) is one of the dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian). Its geographic distribution extends over the Romanian Banat and parts of the Serbian Banat, but also in parts of the Timok Valley of Serbia.

The Banat dialect is a member of the northern grouping of Romanian dialects, along with the Moldavian dialect and the group of Transylvanian varieties. Features of the Banat dialect are found in southern dialects of Romanian: Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian.

The Banat dialect has been long classified separately from the Transylvanian varieties, but in early studies such as those by Mozes Gaster these were sometimes grouped together as a single variety. The Banat dialect was considered separately by Heimann Tiktin, Gustav Weigand, Sextil Pușcariu (in his latter studies), Emil Petrovici, Romulus Todoran, Ion Coteanu, Alexandru Philippide, Iorgu Iordan, and others.
CanLII
The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII; French: Institut canadien d'information juridique) is a non-profit organization created and funded by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada in 2001 on behalf of its 14 member societies. CanLII is a member of the Free Access to Law Movement, which includes the primary stakeholders involved in free, open publication of law throughout the world.

Free Access to Law Movement
The Free Access to Law Movement (FALM) is the international organization devoted to providing free online access to legal information such as case law, legislation, treaties, law reform proposals and legal scholarship. The movement began in 1992 with the creation of the Legal Information Institute (LII) by Thomas R. Bruce and Peter W. Martin at Cornell Law School. Some later FALM projects incorporate Legal Information Institute or LII in their names, usually prefixed by a national or regional identifier.
Aaron Kelton
Aaron Kelton (born c. 1970) is an American college football coach. He most recently was the head football coach for Savannah State University, a position he held from 2022-2025. Kelton served as the head football coach at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts from 2010 to 2015 and Shorter University in Rome, Georgia from 2016 to 2017. He was also the interim head football coach at Howard University in Washington, D.C. for the final three games of the 2019 season.

Savannah State University
Savannah State University (SSU) is a public historically black university in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is the oldest historically black public university in the state. The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund.

Savannah State operates four colleges: College of Business Administration, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology and the Savannah State University College of Education.
1995 Algerian Super Cup
The 1995 Algerian Super Cup was the  4th edition of Algerian Super Cup, a football match contested by the winners of the Championnat National and 1994–95 Algerian Cup competitions. The match was scheduled to be played on 31 August 1995 at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers between 1994–95 Championnat National winners JS Kabylie and 1994–95 Algerian Cup winners CR Belouizdad.

1994–95 Algerian Championnat National
The 1994–95 Algerian Championnat National was the 33rd season of the Algerian Championnat National since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams contested the league, with US Chaouia as the defending champions, The Championnat started on November 11, 1994. and ended on June 22, 1995.
Mega Man: Fully Charged
Mega Man: Fully Charged is an animated television series based on the Japanese video game series Mega Man, published by Capcom. The series was developed by Man of Action Studios and produced by Dentsu Entertainment USA and DHX Studios Vancouver for Cartoon Network  and Family Chrgd. It is the fourth television series based on the franchise, and the second to draw inspiration from the "Classic" series after the 1994 series. It premiered in the United States on August 5, 2018, after the first ten episodes were first released on-demand on August 3.

Capcom
Capcom Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社カプコン, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Kapukon) is a Japanese video game company. It has created a number of critically acclaimed and multi-million-selling game franchises, with its most commercially successful being Resident Evil, Monster Hunter, Street Fighter, Mega Man, Devil May Cry,  Dead Rising, Ace Attorney, Dragon's Dogma, and Marvel vs. Capcom. Established in 1979, it has become an international enterprise with subsidiaries in East Asia (Hong Kong), Europe (London, England), and North America (San Francisco, California).