hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ted Sundquist
Carl Mathew Theodore Sundquist II (born May 1, 1962) is an American football player, manager and commentator. He spent sixteen years working in the National Football League (NFL) for the Denver Broncos franchise. Sundquist was hired in 1992 as the player personnel assistant, and two years later promoted to director of college scouting. In 2001, Pat Bowlen promoted Sundquist to general manager.

Pat Bowlen
Patrick Dennis Bowlen (February 18, 1944 – June 13, 2019) was an American lawyer, executive and the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL), winning three Super Bowls. He was inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for the class of 2019. Bowlen owned other professional sports franchises in the Colorado region. Bowlen served as the Broncos CEO from 1984 until July 2014, when he stepped down as Broncos' CEO due to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
The salpingopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the pharynx. It arises from the lower part of the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and inserts into the palatopharyngeus muscle by blending with its posterior fasciculus. It is innervated by vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) via the pharyngeal plexus. It raises the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. It opens the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube during swallowing to allow for the equalization of pressure between it and the pharynx.

Palatopharyngeus muscle
The palatopharyngeus (palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus) muscle is a small muscle in the roof of the mouth.

It is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch.
German torpedo boat Seeadler
Seeadler was the second of six Type 23 torpedo boats built for the German Navy (initially called the Reichsmarine and then renamed as the Kriegsmarine in 1935). The boat made multiple non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. During World War II, she played a minor role in the Battle of Kristiansand during the Norwegian Campaign of 1940. Seeadler spent the next couple of years escorting minelayers as they laid minefields and laying minefields herself. She also spent the latter half of 1941 escorting convoys through the Skaggerak. The boat returned to France in 1942 and was one of the escorts for the capital ships sailing from France to Germany through the English Channel in the Channel Dash. Seeadler then helped to escort one commerce raider through the Channel and was sunk by British forces while escorting another blockade runner in May.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Tyler Adams
Tyler Shaan Adams (born February 14, 1999) is an American professional soccer  player who plays for Premier League club Bournemouth and the United States national team. Primarily a midfielder, he is capable of playing as a full-back on either side of the defense or midfield.

A homegrown player of the New York Red Bulls academy, Adams turned professional with the New York Red Bulls II as a sixteen-year-old before joining the New York Red Bulls first team a season later. Adams joined fellow Red Bull side RB Leipzig in January 2019 and played four seasons with the club, winning the 2021–22 DFB-Pokal. He joined Leeds United in July 2022, but following relegation he signed for Bournemouth in August 2023 for five years.

Adams represented the United States at multiple youth levels before making his senior team debut in 2017. He captained the U.S. at the 2022 FIFA World Cup and won the U.S. Soccer Player of the Year award in 2022.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
Singapore Artillery
The Artillery is a formation of the Singapore Army, comprising four active battalions—the 20th, 21st, 23rd and 24th Battalions—and an undisclosed number of reservist battalions. The primary role of the Artillery formation is to deliver timely, accurate and effective fire in support of the manoeuvre force to accomplish missions. As an indirect fire support system, the gunners rely on the forward observer and target acquisition elements to provide the target's location, which is then passed to the command post to direct the gunners to fire.

The unofficial motto of the Artillery formation is "Once a Gunner, Always a Gunner!"

Reservist
A reservist is a person who is a member of a military reserve force. They are otherwise civilians, and in peacetime have careers outside the military. Reservists usually go for training on an annual basis to refresh their skills. This person can be a former active-duty member of the armed forces, and they remain a reservist either voluntarily, or by obligation. In some countries such as Israel, Norway, Finland, Singapore, and Switzerland, reservists are conscripted soldiers who are called up for training and service when necessary.
School for Environment and Sustainability
The School for Environment and Sustainability (SEAS) is the school of environmental science and sustainability studies at the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

University of Michigan College of Engineering
The University of Michigan College of Engineering (branded as Michigan Engineering) is the engineering school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was founded in 1854.
Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia
The Vietnamese invasions of Cambodia were a period of Cambodian history, between 1813 and 1845, when the Kingdom of Cambodia was invaded by the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty three times, and a brief period from 1834 to 1841 when Cambodia was part of Tây Thành province in Vietnam, undertaken by Vietnamese emperors Gia Long (r. 1802–1819) and Minh Mạng (r. 1820–1841). The first invasion that took place in 1811–1813 put Cambodia as Vietnam's client kingdom. The second invasion in 1833–1834 made Cambodia a de facto Vietnamese province. Minh Mạng's harsh rule of the Cambodians finally ended after he died in early 1841, an event which coincided with a Cambodian rebellion, and both which triggered a Siamese intervention in 1842. The unsuccessful third invasion of 1845 resulted in the independence of Cambodia. Siam and Vietnam signed a peace treaty in 1847, allowing Cambodia to reassert its independence in 1848.

Tây Thành province
Tây Thành (lit. 'Western Fortress') was formerly the 32nd province of Nguyễn Vietnam, encompassing what is now modern-day Cambodia. Its capital was the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh (known to the Vietnamese as "Nam Vang"). It was a special province with a dual system, consisting of Cambodian monarchs who reigned as puppet rulers while a Vietnamese governor resided in Phnom Penh. The province was finally abolished in 1847 after peace talks between Thailand and Vietnam concluded dual-suzerainty over Cambodia.
Most Welcome 2
Most Welcome 2 is a Bangladeshi 2014 action film written and directed by Ananta Jalil. Development began in February 2012. The film is a sequel of 2012 blockbuster Most Welcome. The film was released in 2014. The film stars Ananta Jalil and Barsha in leading roles.

Afiea Nusrat Barsha
Afiea Nusrat Barsha, known as Barsha, is a Bangladeshi actress and YouTuber. Starting her career as a model, she made her feature film debut in Iftakar Chowdhury's 2010 film Khoj: The Search with another newcomer Ananta Jalil. She had roles in the films Khoj: The Search, Hriday Bhanga Dheu and Most Welcome. She starring the Bangladeshi Film Din–The Day (2022) was released on 10 July 2022.
2021 Colorado mid-air collision
On 12 May 2021, Key Lime Air Flight 970, a Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner operating a chartered cargo flight from Salida to Centennial, Colorado, collided in mid-air with a private Cirrus SR22 near Centennial Airport. Despite having sustained severe damage, the Swearingen Metroliner managed to land safely while the Cirrus SR22 deployed its CAPS system and safely parachuted to the ground. All three occupants on board both aircraft survived uninjured. Popular aviation news site AVweb dubbed the incident the "Centennial Miracle".

Cirrus Airframe Parachute System
The Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) is a whole-plane ballistic parachute recovery system designed specifically for Cirrus Aircraft's line of general aviation light aircraft including the SR20, SR22 and SF50. The design became the first of its kind to become certified with the FAA, achieving certification in October 1998, and as of 2022 was the only aircraft ballistic parachute used as standard equipment by an aviation company.

Developed as a collaboration between Cirrus and Ballistic Recovery Systems (BRS), it was adapted from the GARD (General Aviation Recovery Device) initially released for the Cessna 150. As in other BRS systems, a small solid-fuel rocket housed in the aft fuselage is used to pull the parachute out from its housing and deploy the canopy full within seconds. The goal of employing this system is the survival of the crew and passengers and not necessarily the prevention of damage to the airframe.
Vidacare Corporation
Established in 2001, Vidacare Corporation was the developer of intraosseous (inside the bone) medical devices. Its devices were used in vascular access, emergency and disaster medicine, oncology, and spinal surgery. Privately held, the company was based in San Antonio, Texas, and its products were marketed in over 50 countries worldwide.

In December 2013, Teleflex Incorporated, based in Wayne, Pennsylvania, revealed that it had completed the acquisition of Vidacare Corporation for $263 million.

Intraosseous infusion
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not available or not feasible. Intraosseous infusions allow for the administered medications and fluids to go directly into the vascular system. The IO route of fluid and medication administration is an alternative to the preferred intravascular route when the latter cannot be established promptly in emergency situations. Intraosseous infusions are used when people have compromised intravenous access and need immediate delivery of life-saving fluids and medications.
Jim McMahon (politician)
James Ignatius O'Rourke McMahon OBE (born 7 July 1980) is a British politician who served as Minister of State for Local Government and English Devolution from 2024 to 2025. A member of Labour Co-op, he has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Oldham West and Royton since 2015 and as the Chair of the Co-operative Party since 2020.

McMahon was a Councillor from 2003 to 2017, serving as Leader of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council from 2011 to 2016. He served in the shadow cabinet as Shadow Transport Secretary from 2020 to 2021, and Shadow Environment Secretary from 2021 to 2023.

Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
The shadow secretary of state for transport is a political post in the United Kingdom. It has been consistently held by a member of the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet since May 1979. The shadow secretary helps hold the transport secretary and junior ministers to account and is the lead spokesperson on transport matters for their party. Should the relevant party take office, the shadow secretary would be a likely candidate to become the transport secretary.

At various times, the post has been called Shadow Minister for Transport (including from 1979 to 1981), Shadow Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Shadow Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions, and Shadow Secretary of State for Environment and Transport.
Slip (materials science)
In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions. Slip occurs by the passage of dislocations on close/packed planes, which are planes containing the greatest number of atoms per area and in close-packed directions (most atoms per length). Close-packed planes are known as slip or glide planes. A slip system describes the set of symmetrically identical slip planes and associated family of slip directions for which dislocation motion can easily occur and lead to plastic deformation. The magnitude and direction of slip are represented by the Burgers vector, b.

An external force makes parts of the crystal lattice glide along each other, changing the material's geometry. A critical resolved shear stress is required to initiate a slip.

Burgers vector
In materials science, the Burgers vector, named after Dutch physicist Jan Burgers, is a vector, often denoted as b, that represents the magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion resulting from a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
Somera Sól
Somera Sól is the second album by the stoner rock band Brant Bjork and the Bros, and the seventh solo album by Brant Bjork. It was released on May 8 2007, and features former Kyuss drummer Alfredo Hernandez, in addition to guest appearances by Sean Wheeler of Throw Rag and Mario Lalli of Fatso Jetson. The album was reissued by Brant Bjork's former record label Low Desert Punk in 2008 with altered artwork, and again in 2022 by Bjork's current record label Heavy Psych Sounds Records featuring new artwork.

Throw Rag
Throw Rag is an American four-piece punk rock band from the Salton Sea, California, United States. Formed in 1993, Throw Rag has been fronted by Sean Wheeler (a.k.a. Captain Sean Doe, a.k.a. Diamond Boss, a.k.a. Sun Trash) since the inception of the band. Other current members of the band are Patrick Bostrom (a.k.a. Dino, a.k.a. Dean McQueen) on lead guitar, Frank Cronin (a.k.a. Franco Fontana, a.k.a. New Rome Emperor) on bass, and Daniel Lapham (a.k.a. Scorcho) on sampler. In its various incarnations, Throw Rag has been categorized as rockabilly, punk rock, psychobilly, and sailor rock. They have blended sounds of traditional rock and roll, country, and surf.
Railo
Railo Server, commonly referred to as Railo (/ˈraɪloʊ/ RY-loh), is open source software which implements the general-purpose CFML server-side scripting language, often used to create dynamic websites, web applications and intranet systems. CFML is a dynamic language supporting multiple programming paradigms and runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM).

Railo was created by the Swiss company Railo Technologies GmbH, intended as a high performance alternative to Adobe ColdFusion. In 2008, Railo switched to an open source community-driven model, and became a JBoss project. The Railo Open Source project is led by Railo Technologies, with development work funded by consulting and support contracts, but anyone may contribute code for consideration.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
John Boyle, 14th Earl of Cork
John William Boyle, 14th Earl of Cork and 14th Earl of Orrery DSC VRD (12 May 1916 – 14 November 2003), styled The Honourable John Boyle from 1965 to 1995, was an Irish and British peer.

He was educated at Harrow and King's College London, graduating in 1937. He fought in World War II, being mentioned in despatches on two occasions, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. He was married to Mary Gordon-Finlayson, daughter of General Sir Robert Gordon-Finlayson. His eldest son, John, succeeded him to the Earldom in 2003. John and Mary also had two younger sons: Robert and Reginald.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Lakes of Sardinia
The Lakes of Sardinia are, for the most part, artificial lakes. The only natural lake on the island is Lake Baratz, located in the Nurra of Sassari. A special case is represented by some temporary lakes of a seasonal nature, very small in size and fed by rainwater, which is called paùli. An example is the two Paùli Maiori of the Giara di Tuili.

The most important lakes in Sardinia are Lake Omodeo, formed by damming the Tirso River, Lake Coghinas, on the river of the same name, and the lakes of high and low Flumendosa.

Lake Omodeo
Lake Omodeo (Italian: Lago Omodeo, Sardinian: Lagu Omodeu) is an artificial lake in central west Sardinia, Italy.

The lake was constructed in the 1920s. The dam, designed by the engineer Angelo Omodeo, was inaugurated in 1924, at that time it was the largest reservoir in Europe. The lake length is 20 km. Today, Lake Omodeo is the largest artificial reservoir on Sardinia.

A new dam was built in 1997, dedicated to the Sardinian medieval judge Eleonor of Arborea, it is 582 m long and 120 m wide.
Kümbdchen
Kümbdchen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen, whose seat is in Simmern.

Simmern im Hunsrück
Simmern (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪmɐn] ⓘ; officially Simmern/Hunsrück) is a town of roughly 8,155 inhabitants (Dec. 2023) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen. In the Rhineland-Palatinate state development plan, it is set out as a middle centre.
CIBC Mortgages plc v Pitt
CIBC Mortgages plc v Pitt [1993] UKHL 7 (21 October 1993) is a decision of the House of Lords relating to undue influence.  The decision confirmed that a person did not need to suffer "manifest disadvantage" under a transaction in order to challenge it for actual undue influence (as opposed to "presumed" undue influence).

Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No 2)
Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No 2) [2001] UKHL 44 (11 October 2001) is a leading case concerned with English land law, English contract law, and the circumstances under which actual and presumed undue influence can be argued to vitiate consent to a contract.
Pudhu Vasantham (TV series)
Pudhu Vasantham (transl. New Spring) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language television.The series premiered on 26 June 2023 on Sun TV and streams digitally on Sun NXT. It stars Soniya Suresh and Shyam Ji. The show was directed by R. Karthikeyan and produced by M. Paramesh under the banner of Peacock Studios and Sun Entertainment.

Sun TV Network
Sun TV Network Limited is an Indian media company, headquartered in Chennai. It is a part of Sun Group and was established on 14 April 1993 by Kalanithi Maran. It owns a variety of television channels and radio stations in multiple languages. Its flagship channel is Sun TV.
K. C. Das
Krishna Chandra Das, also known as K.C. Das (Bengali: কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র দাশ; 1869–1934), was a Bengali confectioner, entrepreneur, and businessman. He contributed to the modernization of traditional Bengali sweets.

Born in 1869, in Bagbazar, Kolkata, India, Das was the only son of the Bengali confectioner and inventor, Nobin Chandra Das. He was credited with creating rasmalai (रस मलाई) and initiating the concept of canned rasgulla (रसगुल्ला). The sweets were later popularized by his family company, K.C. Das Private Limited, founded by his son, Sarada Charan Das.

Bengali cuisine
Bengali cuisine is the culinary style of Bengal, comprising now most of Bangladesh and parts of India (i.e., West Bengal and Barak Valley). The cuisine has been shaped by the region's diverse history and climate. It is known for its varied use of flavours including mustard oil, as well as the spread of its confectioneries and desserts. There is a strong emphasis on rice as a staple, with fish traditionally the most common protein. Freshwater fish are preferred to marine fish, although barramundi, known as bhetki, is also common. Meat is also a common protein among Bengalis, with chicken and mutton being the most popular. Beef is popular within the Muslim community.However meat from any sources is consumed far less than fish in Bangladesh. In more recent times, lentils have begun to form a significant part of the diet. Many Bengali food traditions draw from religious and social functions, such as adda, Poila Boishakh, Eid, and Durga Puja.
Severn Stars
Severn Stars are an English netball team based at the University of Worcester. The team is named after the River Severn, which runs through Worcester and Gloucester, the original home cities of the two universities. Severn Stars were formed in 2016 and since 2017 their senior team has played in the Netball Superleague. The franchise disbanded at the end of the 2024 season after it was not offered a contract in the relaunched Netball Superleague. Birmingham Panthers was instead named as a franchise for the region and entered its inaugural season in 2025.

University of Worcester
The University of Worcester is a public research university, based in Worcester, England. With a history dating back to 1946, the university began awarding degrees in 1997 and was granted full university status in 2005.
Benin–Ore–Sagamu Expressway
Benin–Ore–Sagamu Expressway is a 492 kilometres (306 mi) stretch dual-lane connecting Benin City to Ore town in Ondo State and Sagamu in Ogun State. It's a major route from the Southern part of the country to the Southwestern, and Northern parts of Nigeria through the Benin–Auchi axis.

Benin City
Benin City serves as the capital and largest metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in southern Nigeria. It ranks as the fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.