hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Tobacco Company
The American Tobacco Company was a tobacco company founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke through a merger between a number of U.S. tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter, Goodwin & Company, and Kinney Brothers. The company was one of the original 12 members of the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1896. The American Tobacco Company dominated the industry by acquiring the Lucky Strike Company and over 200 other rival firms. Federal Antitrust action begun in 1907 broke the company into several major companies in 1911.

The American Tobacco Company restructured itself in 1969, forming a holding company called American Brands, Inc., which operated American Tobacco as a subsidiary. American Brands acquired a variety of non-tobacco businesses during the 1970s and 1980s and sold its tobacco operations to Brown & Williamson in 1994. American Brands subsequently renamed itself "Fortune Brands".

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded by namesake R. J. Reynolds in 1875, it is the largest tobacco company in the United States. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

RJR has a large brand portfolio, which includes Camel, Newport, Doral, Eclipse, Kent, and Pall Mall. Other brands commercialized in the past included Barclay, Belair, and Real.
Ramadan al-Bouti
Muhammad Said Ramadan Al-Bouti (Arabic: مُحَمَّد سَعِيد رَمَضَان ٱلْبُوطِي, romanized: Muḥammad Saʿīd Ramaḍān al-Būṭī) (1929 – 21 March 2013) was a renowned Syrian Sunni Muslim scholar and author. He was served as professor and vice dean at the Damascus University, also serving as the imam of the Umayyad Mosque.

Al-Bouti wrote more than sixty books on Islamic law and theology. He was a leading figure of Islamic neo-traditionalism which adhered to the four schools of thought in Sunni Islam and the orthodox Ash'arite creed. His works have been highly regarded to be a pivotal defense of Sunni Islam against opposing ideologies such as Secularism, Marxism, and Nationalism along with reformist movements of Wahhabism and Islamic Modernism.

On 21 March 2013, al-Bouti was assassinated at the Al-Iman Mosque in Damascus. The circumstances around the event are still unclear.

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
Jim Rutenberg
Jim Rutenberg is a writer at large for The New York Times and The New York Times Magazine. He has written over 2,300 articles for The New York Times. In 2018 he was one of the New York Times reporters who shared a Pulitzer Prize for reporting on the sexual harassment and abuse of women in Hollywood and other industries.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Labrodioctes
Labrodioctes is an extinct genus of helodermatid lizard from the Campanian of Montana and Alberta. It was named in 1996 by Gao Kequin and Richard C. Fox as Labrodioctes montanensis, combining the Ancient Greek words Labros and dioktes as "greedy hunter". It is known from jaw and skull bones from the Judith River and Oldman Formations, and is substantially larger than related helodermatid Paraderma.

Paraderma
Paraderma is an extinct genus of lizard. it is primarily known from the late Cretaceous Lance Formation.

Paraderma is taxonomically disputed. When it was discovered in 1964, it was assigned to Parasaniwidae, but was reassigned to Helodermatidae in 1983. The most recent study has placed it solidly into Monstersauria.
Death of Wei Zexi
Wei Zexi (Chinese: 魏则西; pinyin: Wèi Zéxī; 1994–2016) was a 21-year old Chinese college student from Shaanxi who died after receiving DC-CIK, an experimental treatment for synovial sarcoma at the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps; he had learned of it from a promoted result on the Chinese search engine Baidu.

Wei's death led to an investigation by the Cyberspace Administration of China, prompting Chinese regulators to impose new restrictions on Baidu advertisements. State media outlets broadly condemned the role of the hospital and Baidu in his death, while users online additionally denounced Baidu's advertising practices. Baidu shares fell almost 14 percent in the days following reports of Wei's death.

Synovial sarcoma
A synovial sarcoma (also known as malignant synovioma) is a rare form of cancer which occurs primarily in the extremities of the arms or legs, often in proximity to joint capsules and tendon sheaths. It is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma.

The name "synovial sarcoma" was coined early in the 20th century, as some researchers thought that the microscopic similarity of some tumors to synovium, and its propensity to arise adjacent to joints, indicated a synovial origin; however, the actual cells from which the tumor develops are unknown and not necessarily synovial.

Primary synovial sarcomas are most common in the soft tissue near the large joints of the arm and leg but have been documented in most human tissues and organs, including the brain, prostate, and heart.

Synovial sarcoma occurs in about 1–2 per 1,000,000 people a year. They occur most commonly in the third decade of life, with males being affected more often than females (ratio around 1.2:1).
R. Covington Mackall
Richard Covington Mackall (January 14, 1822 – February 16, 1902) was an American politician, physician and newspaper editor from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County from 1888 to 1890.

Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.
Kasperivtsi
Kasperivtsi (Ukrainian: Касперівці, Polish: Kasperowce) is a village located on the Seret River in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast (province), in western Ukraine. Kasperivtsi is the administrative center of the village council, which also includes the village of Lysychnyky. It belongs to Zalishchyky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

In 2015, its estimated population was around 1100.

Lysychnyky
Lysychnyky (Ukrainian: Лиси́чники) is a village (selo) in Chortkiv Raion of Ternopil Oblast, of Western Ukraine. The population of the village is just about 647 people. Local government is administered by the Kasperivska (Kasperivtsi)
village council. Lysychnyky belongs to Zalishchyky urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Popash, Florida
Popash, Florida is a small rural settlement in Hardee County, Florida, United States. It is located on State Road 64. Popash was founded in the 1850s, and was well-established by the late 1870s. It was possibly named after the pop ash tree. Railroad construction created a possibility of town growth, but the railroad ended up not being routed through the town. Popash has no official written history, it also has no historical placemarkers. In contemporary times, residents work as farmers, ranch workers and at orange groves around the town.

Fraxinus caroliniana
Fraxinus caroliniana, the pop ash, Florida ash, swamp ash, Carolina ash, or water ash, is a species of ash tree native from Cuba through the subtropical Southeastern United States from southern Virginia to Texas. It was originally described by the botanist Philip Miller. It is a small tree about 40 ft. Leaves are compound, opposite, 7–12 in long, leaflets 5–7 in, ovate to oblong, coarsely serrate or entire, 3–6 in long, 2–3 in wide. Fruit is frequently 3-winged (samara) with flat seed portion; seed sometimes a bright violet color. It is the smallest of eastern North American ash species, wood light, soft, weak, 22 lbs./cu.ft. Typical to coastal swamps and subtropical lowlands. Like other species in the section Melioides, Fraxinus caroliniana is dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate individuals.

The tree is threatened by the emerald ash borer, an invasive species of beetle.
Nupur Chaudhuri
Nupur Chaudhuri (born 1943) is an Indian academic who has lived and worked in the United States since 1963. She was one of the early members of the Coordinating Council for Women in History and served as editor of its newsletter from 1975 to 1980; as executive secretary and treasurer from 1981 to 1987, and president from 1995 to 1998. Chaudhuri drafted the guidelines to increase diversity and inclusion and eliminate racism and sexism for the National Women's Studies Association in 1979. She was elected to membership in the teaching division of the American Historical Association in 1997. Since 2010, the Coordinating Council for Women in History annually awards a prize in her honor.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Andrew Klavan
Andrew Klavan (/ˈkleɪvən/; born July 13, 1954) is an American novelist, author and conservative political commentator. He has also worked in film and as an essayist and video satirist. He is also known for being a political commentator and hosts The Andrew Klavan Show podcast on the conservative site The Daily Wire. Born in New York City, Klavan was raised on Long Island and attended college at the University of California at Berkeley. He published his first novel, Face of the Earth, in 1977, and found critical recognition when The Rain won the Edgar Award for best new paperback. He lives in California.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Kurixalus absconditus
Kurixalus absconditus is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to West Kalimantan, in the Indonesian part of Borneo near the village of Piasak; it is likely to occur more widely. The specific name absconditus is Latin for "disguised", "concealed", or "hidden", and refers to this species remaining "undetected" within the Kurixalus appendiculatus group.  Common name Piasak-frilled swamp treefrog, also spelled Piasak frilled swamp tree frog, has been coined for it.

Frilled tree frog
The frilled tree frog, rough-armed tree frog, or Southeast Asian tree frog (Kurixalus appendiculatus) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae found in Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam between 0 and 500 meters above sea level.

The frog has been found in primary and secondary forest habitats in swamps and near slow-flowing streams. Observers have seen them perched on shrubs. The tadpoles swim in stagnant water. These frogs are territorial and feed mostly on invertebrates.

Scientists classify this frog as being at least concern of extinction because of its large range. However, that range is subject to deforestation associated with palm oil cultivation.
Russell Moreland
Thomas Edmund Russell Moreland (1901–1986) was a Scottish amateur footballer who played in the Scottish League for Queen's Park, Heart of Midlothian, Hamilton Academical and Third Lanark as a forward or left half. In addition to managing Clyde, he served Third Lanark as player-manager and later as a board member.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Claudia Maraston
Claudia Maraston is a Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Portsmouth. She designs models for the calculation of spectro-photometric evolution of stellar populations. She is the winner of the 2018 Royal Astronomical Society Eddington Medal.

Eddington Medal
The Eddington Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society for investigations of outstanding merit in theoretical astrophysics. It is named after Sir Arthur Eddington. First awarded in 1953, the frequency of the prize has varied over the years, at times being every one, two or three years. Since 2013 it has been awarded annually.
Yon-Rogg
Yon-Rogg is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Gene Colan, the character first appeared in Marvel Super Heroes #12 (December 1967). Yon-Rogg is a military commander of the Kree alien race who was sent to Earth on behalf of the Supreme Intelligence, in order to promote Kree genetic superiority. The character is a foe of Carol Danvers and was indirectly responsible for her transformation into Ms. Marvel.

Jude Law portrayed the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain Marvel (2019). Law also voiced an alternate version of the character in the animated series What If...?.

Ms. Marvel
Ms. Marvel is the name of several superheroines appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was originally conceived as a female counterpart to the superhero Mar-Vell / Captain Marvel. Like Captain Marvel, most of the bearers of the Ms. Marvel codename gain their powers through Kree technology or genetics. The first incarnation of Ms. Marvel, Carol Danvers, first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (March 1968). The second incarnation, Sharon Ventura, debuted in The Thing #27 (September 1985). The third incarnation, Karla Sofen, made her first appearance in Captain America #192 (December 1975). The fourth and current incarnation, Kamala Khan, made her debut in Captain Marvel #14 (August 2013).
IBSF Para Sport World Cup
The IBSF Para Sport World Cup is an annual international competition series in para bobsleigh, organized by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF). It serves as the top-tier seasonal circuit for athletes with physical impairments competing in sliding sports.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir
Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir encompass the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force, tri-service units such as the Armed Forces Special Operations Division (AFSOD), and paramilitary organisations of the Central Armed Police Forces such as the Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, the Sashastra Seema Bal and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Each three wings of India's military have their special forces deployed in the region including Indian Army's Para SF, the Indian Navy MARCOS and the Indian Air Force's Garud Commando Force. Apart from this, there is the elite police anti-insurgency force in the region, the Special Operations Group, of the Jammu and Kashmir Police.

MARCOS
The Marine Commando Force (MCF), abbreviated to MARCOS, are
the special forces  of the Indian Navy. The MARCOS were originally named Indian Marine Special Force, which was later changed to Marine Commando Force to impart "an element of individuality" to it, according to the Indian Navy. The abbreviation 'MARCOS' was coined afterwards.

The MARCOS were founded in February 1987. The MARCOS are capable of operating in all types of environments: at sea, in the air, and on land. The force has gradually acquired more experience and an international reputation for professionalism. The MARCOS regularly undertake specialised maritime operations in Jammu and Kashmir through the Jhelum River and Wular Lake, a 65 square kilometres (16,000 acres) freshwater lake, and conduct counter-insurgency operations in the region.

Some MARCOS units are a part of the tri-services Armed Forces Special Operations Division.
William Horberg
William Horberg is an American film producer and chair emeritus of the Producers Guild of America on the East coast. He is executive producer of The Queen's Gambit, a television miniseries released on Netflix for streaming on October 23, 2020. Some of Horberg's films include Anthony Minghella's adaptations of the novels The Talented Mr. Ripley and Cold Mountain. He also produced the Fallen Angels series for Showtime from 1993 to 1995.

Fallen Angels (American TV series)
Fallen Angels is an American neo-noir anthology television series that ran from August 1, 1993, to November 19, 1995, on the Showtime pay cable station and was produced by Propaganda Films. No first-run episodes were shown in 1994.

The series was executive produced by Sydney Pollack and produced by Steve Golin and others. The theme song was written by Elmer Bernstein and the original music was written by Peter Bernstein.

Each episode is based on a story by a noted hardboiled crime writer, including Raymond Chandler, Jim Thompson, Cornell Woolrich, James Ellroy, Evan Hunter, Mickey Spillane, Dashiell Hammett and Walter Mosley.

Period torch songs by performers like Patti Page and Billie Holiday were used periodically.

In Europe, the show is known as Perfect Crimes and shown in France on Canal +, and in the United Kingdom.
Nattami Army
Nattami Army (The Laborer Army) (Sinhala: නාට්ටාමි ආමි) is a 2023 Sri Lankan Sinhalese language drama film directed by Devinda Kongahage and produced by Gamini Pathiranage for Kaputa Cinema in collaboration with Kaputa TV. It stars Amiththa Weerasinghe in lead role along with Jayani Senanayake, Kumudu Nishantha, Sanath Wimalasiri and Mihira Sirithilaka in supportive roles. The film is based on a sociological research on laborers in Sri Lanka.

The film was released on 14 December 2023 in EAP Theatres during the "Savoy Cinema Festival 2023".

Sanath Wimalasiri
Sanath Wimalasiri (Sinhala: සනත් විමලසිරි, born 8 April 1974) is a Sri Lankan academic and actor in cinema, theatre and television. Recognised for his versatility from drama to comedy, he is also a classically trained Kandyan dancer, singer, television host, teacher, lecturer, counsellor, teacher trainer, and a specialist in human skills development.
The Devil Has Seven Faces
The Devil Has Seven Faces (Italian: Il diavolo a sette facce, also known as The Devil with Seven Faces) is a 1971 Italian giallo film directed and co-written by Osvaldo Civirani. It starred George Hilton, Carroll Baker and Luciano Pigozzi. The film has also been released on video as  Bloody Mary (US) and Nights of Terror (UK).

George Hilton (actor)
George Hilton (born Jorge Hill Acosta y Lara; 16 July 1934 – 28 July 2019) was a Uruguayan actor well known for his many spaghetti Western performances. Sometimes credited as Jorge Hilton, he appeared in over 20 Euro-Westerns as well as several giallo and action films.

Born in Montevideo, Hilton moved to Italy in 1963, before he got the lead role in the 1964 Italian pirate swashbuckler film The Masked Man Against the Pirates. The film that launched him to fame was Massacre Time (1966), while his roles as Sartana in the 1970 film Sartana's Here… Trade Your Pistol for a Coffin and Hallelujah in the 1971 film They Call Me Hallelujah made him a spaghetti Western star. Other films he starred in include The Case of the Scorpion's Tail (1971), El lugar del humo (1979), and Un coccodrillo per amico (2009).
Jesús Guzmán (baseball)
Jesús Antonio Guzmán Álvarez (born June 14, 1984) is a Venezuelan professional baseball first baseman and left fielder for the Delfines de La Guaira of the Venezuelan Major League. He was signed by the Seattle Mariners in 2000 and played several seasons in minor league baseball before he appeared in the major leagues. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, San Diego Padres, and Houston Astros, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp.

Carlos Quentin
Carlos José Quentin (born August 28, 1982) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Chicago White Sox and San Diego Padres. In 2008 and 2011, Quentin was selected as an All-Star.