hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Daniel J. Bradley
Daniel Joseph Bradley is a Canadian-American university administrator, professor, chemist, and petroleum engineer. Since July 2008, he has served as president of Indiana State University. Before that, he served as president of Fairmont State University, beginning in February 2001. He was previously a professor at Montana Tech of the University of Montana where he held several ranking positions as department head, dean, and vice-chancellor.

Bradley's scientific research has focused on thermodynamics and the properties of electrolytes as well as other aqueous solutions. In 1979, he published a paper with Kenneth Pitzer describing the relative permittivity of water at specified ranges of temperature and pressure. It contained what has come to be known as the Bradley-Pitzer equation which has been frequently used by scientists to calculate the coefficients in the Debye–Hückel equation.

Relative permittivity
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.

Permittivity is a material's property that affects the Coulomb force between two point charges in the material. Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum.

Likewise, relative permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared with a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric. Relative permittivity is also commonly known as the dielectric constant, a term still used but deprecated by standards organizations in engineering as well as in chemistry.
Outright
Outright was an accounting and bookkeeping software application that assists small businesses and sole proprietors with managing their business's income and expenses.  In May 2022, GoDaddy announced the software would be discontinued on June 18, 2022.

The software also provided means to organize and categorize expenses for filing a United States Schedule C tax return. It was acquired by GoDaddy in 2012 for approximately $20 million and had been rebranded as GoDaddy Online Bookkeeping.

IRS tax forms
The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses various forms to collect financial information from taxpayers and tax-exempt organizations. These forms are used to report income, calculate federal taxes owed, and disclose other required information in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The IRS provides more than 800 different forms and schedules for various tax-related purposes. In addition to federal forms, other tax forms are filed separately with state and local tax authorities.

The IRS numbered the forms sequentially as they were introduced.
Karl Schäfer (SS-Brigadeführer)
Karl Schäfer (17 June 1892 – 2 November 1943) was a German SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of Police who served as an SS and Police Leader in the Soviet Union, where he was killed in action during the Second World War.

Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.
Carrigaphooca Castle
Carrigaphooca Castle (Irish: Caisleán Charraig a' Phúca meaning "castle on the rock of the fairy"; the word púca translates as ghost or fairy) is a ruined five storey rectangular tower house situated on a steep-sided rock overlooking the River Sullane. Carrigaphooca 6 km west of Macroom, County Cork, Ireland, in an area once known as Gleann na n-Dearg ("valley of the reds"). The tower dominates the landscape of Lissacresig (Fairyland) in Clondrohid, and Lower Shanballyshane, in Kilnamartyra. Carrigaphooca is made of sandstone and limestone and was built as a defensive tower by the MacCarthys of Muskerry in the early 15th century.

Carrigaphooca is positioned in an area rich with Neolithic monuments; Carrigaphooca Stone Circle lies two fields to the east, with a large standing stone (gallán) to the west. The tower is located on private property, and is no longer accessible to the public, although it is owned by the state and maintained by the Office of Public Works.

Blarney Castle
Blarney Castle (Irish: Caisleán na Blarnan) is a medieval stronghold in Blarney, a town in Cork, Ireland. Though earlier fortifications were built on the same spot, the current keep was built by the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty, a cadet branch of the Kings of Desmond, and dates from 1446. The Blarney Stone is among the machicolations of the castle.
Born, Luxembourg
Born (German pronunciation: [bɔʁn] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Bur) is a village on the River Sauer in the commune of Mompach, in eastern Luxembourg. 
It lies on the N10, 14 km (9 mi) south of Echternach and 8 km (5 mi) north of Wasserbillig. Only a 5 minute drive from the E44 motorway from Luxembourg City to Trier, it is popular with tourists and day-trippers who walk, cycle or fish along the banks of the river.

As of 2025, Born has a population of 417.

Luxembourg's sole cider making company, Ramborn, is located in Born.

Echternach
Echternach (German pronunciation: [ˈɛçtɐnax], French pronunciation: [ɛʃtəʁnax]; Luxembourgish: Iechternach [ˈi̯əɕtɐnɑχ] ⓘ or locally Eechternoach) is a commune with town status in the canton of Echternach, in eastern Luxembourg. Echternach lies near the border with Germany, and is the oldest town in Luxembourg.
Richard James Wyatt
Richard James Wyatt (6 June 1795 (baptised) – May 1850) was a sculptor. He was the grandson of the architect James Wyatt.  Wyatt studied in Rome under Canova, and was a fellow student of John Gibson (sculptor). He was a man of classical tastes, and produced a number of exquisitely modelled, especially female, figures.

John Gibson (sculptor)
John Gibson RA (19 June 1790 – 27 January 1866) was a Welsh neoclassical sculptor who studied in Rome under Canova. He excelled chiefly in bas-relief, notably the two life-size works The Hours Leading the Horses of the Sun and Phaethon Driving the Chariot of the Sun, but was also proficient in monumental and portrait statuary. He is famous for his statues of Sir Robert Peel (Westminster Abbey), William Huskisson (St George's Square) and Queen Victoria (Houses of Parliament). Gibson was elected a Royal Academician in 1836, and left the contents of his studio to the Royal Academy, where many of his marbles and casts are currently on display.
Thomas Slater Smith
Thomas Slater Smith (1856-1901)  was an American jurist from Texas. He was a member of the Texas Legislature where he served as the Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives. He was later elected as the Texas Attorney General.

Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives
The speaker of the Texas House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Texas House of Representatives. The Speaker's main duties are to conduct meetings of the House, appoint committees, and enforce the Rules of the House. The current speaker of the house is Dustin Burrows, a Republican from Lubbock. He was elected Speaker on January 14, 2025.
Penstemon gracilis
Penstemon gracilis, more commonly the slender penstemon or lilac penstemon, is flowering plant in the veronica family. It primarily grows in the northern Great Plains of the United States and southern Canada.

Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain". In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Broadcast delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay is an intentional delay when broadcasting live material, technically referred to as a deferred live. Such a delay may be to prevent mistakes or unacceptable content from being broadcast. Longer delays lasting several hours can also be introduced so that the material is aired at a later scheduled time (such as the prime time hours, or in a different time zone) to maximize viewership. Tape delays lasting several hours can also be edited down to remove filler material or to trim a broadcast to the network's desired run time for a broadcast slot, but this is not always the case.

Time zone
A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it is convenient for areas in frequent communication to keep the same time.

Each time zone is defined by a standard offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The offsets range from UTC−12:00 to UTC+14:00, and are usually a whole number of hours, but a few zones are offset by an additional 30 or 45 minutes, such as in India and Nepal. Some areas in a time zone may use a different offset for part of the year, typically one hour ahead during spring and summer, a practice known as daylight saving time (DST).
Ma'in
Ma'in (Minaean: 𐩣𐩲𐩬; Arabic: معين, romanized: Maʿīn) was an ancient South Arabian kingdom in modern-day Yemen. It was located along the strip of desert called Ṣayhad by medieval Arab geographers, which is now known as Ramlat al-Sab'atayn. Wadd was the national god of Ma'in. The spoken language was Minaic. The kingdom appears in the historical record in the 8th century BCE, and transition from a city-state to kingdom in the last quarter of the 7th century BCE. The date of the end of Ma'in is heavily disputed, but the most popular hypothesis places its demise in the 1st century CE.

The Minaean people were one of four ancient Yemeni groups mentioned by Eratosthenes. The others were the Sabaeans, Ḥaḍramites and Qatabānians. Each of these had regional kingdoms in ancient Yemen, with the Minaeans in the north-west (in Wādī al-Jawf), the Sabaeans to the south-east of them, the Qatabānians to the south-east of the Sabaeans, and the Ḥaḑramites further east still.

Al-Jawf Governorate
Al Jawf (Arabic: الجوف Al-Jawf) is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Al Hazm.

As of April 2020, after the Houthi forces' 2020 offensive, nearly all the governorate is under Houthi control, except for Khabb wa ash Sha'af which is under the control of Al-Qaeda.

On 15 July 2020, a Saudi Arabian airstrike in Al Hazm district in Al-Jawf Governorate killed seven Yemeni civilians. On 17 August 2020, a Houthi missile attack killed 11 government troops, including a senior officer.
William H. Thomas (Wisconsin politician)
William H. Thomas (September 25, 1821 – December 26, 1898) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Waukesha County, and served as a Union Army cavalry officer during the American Civil War.

Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waukesha County (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 406,978, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its median income of $88,985 placed it as the only county in Wisconsin on the list of the 100 highest-income counties in the U.S. by median income as of 2020. Its county seat and largest city is Waukesha.

Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area, and is one of the three WOW counties.
Siôn Simon
Siôn Llewelyn Simon (born 23 December 1968) is a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Erdington from 2001 to 2010 and as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the West Midlands from 2014 to 2019.

Simon was the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Further Education from 2008 to 2009 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Creative Industries from 2009 to 2010. He stood down at the 2010 general election to campaign for a directly elected mayor of Birmingham, with the intent of standing in the first election. In 2014 Simon was elected a Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands. In 2016 he was selected as the Labour Party candidate for Mayor of the West Midlands but was defeated in the 2017 election by 50.4% to 49.6% of the vote in the final round. In 2019, he lost his seat at the European Parliament election.

Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills
The Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) was a UK government department created on 28 June 2007 to take over some of the functions of the Department of Education and Skills and of the Department of Trade and Industry. Its head office was based at Kingsgate House, 66-74 Victoria Street, London SW1, which has now been demolished. In June 2009 it was merged into the newly formed Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. It was responsible for adult learning, some parts of further education, higher education, skills, science and innovation, but only some of the department's functions were UK-wide. It oversaw the science budget, provided through the Research Councils, for the UK as a whole. On the other hand, education is a devolved matter and there were corresponding departments in the Northern Ireland Executive, Scottish Government and Welsh Assembly Government.
Inner nuclear layer
In the anatomy of the eye, the inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules, of the retina, is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.

Retina bipolar cell
As a part of the retina, bipolar cells exist between photoreceptors (rod cells and cone cells) and ganglion cells. They act, directly or indirectly, to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells.
Gmina Gorzyce, Silesian Voivodeship
Gmina Gorzyce is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the Czech border. Its seat is the village of Gorzyce, which lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Wodzisław Śląski and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Katowice. It is close to where the A1 motorway crosses the border into the Czech Republic to/from Poland

The gmina covers an area of 64.47 square kilometres (24.9 sq mi), and as of 2019, its total population was 21,285.

Wodzisław Śląski
Wodzisław Śląski (Polish: [vɔˈd͡ʑiswaf ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi] ⓘ; German: Loslau, Czech: Vladislav, Latin: Vladislavia, Yiddish: וואידסלוב, romanized: Voydislav, Silesian: Władźisłůw) is a town in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 47,992 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Wodzisław County.

It was previously in Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998); close to the border with the Czech Republic, about 350 kilometres (217 miles) south of Warsaw and about 140 kilometres (87 miles) west of Kraków, on the southern outskirts of the metropolitan area known as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin.
House of Finance
The House of Finance (HoF for short) brings together various interdisciplinary research and further education institutions from the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Business and Economics at Goethe University. These include an institute of the Leibniz Association, private-law subsidiaries such as the Goethe Business School and the Institute for Law and Finance as well as alumni associations of the university.

Institute for Law and Finance
The Institute for Law and Finance (ILF) is a graduate school which was established as a non-profit foundation in 2002 by Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. The ILF provides interdisciplinary training to lawyers, senior management and executives in Germany and worldwide and serves as a policy center in the legislative process by offering forums for discussions and exchanges between academia and practitioners.

The ILF offers the LL.M Finance and LL.M International Finance Degree Programs, Spring School on "Corporate Law in Practice" and Summer School on "Law of Banking and Capital Markets".

The executive director of the ILF is  Andreas Cahn, Endowment Funds Commerzbank Professorship, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. Theodor Baums, Professor of Civil, Corporate & Capital Markets Law, Goethe University Frankfurt and Manfred Wandt, Director, Institute for Insurance Law, Goethe University Frankfurt are ILF directors.
Adrian Newman (bishop)
Adrian Newman (born 21 December 1958) is a British Anglican bishop. He had served as Dean of Rochester from 2004 to 2011, before becoming Bishop of Stepney, an area bishop in the Diocese of London (2011–2018). He retired early due to ill health but continues to be active in the Church of England as an honorary assistant bishop.

Dean of Rochester
The Dean of Rochester is the head of the chapter of canons at Rochester Cathedral, the mother church of the Church of England Diocese of Rochester. The current dean is Philip Hesketh, who has served in that role since June 2016.
Charlie Bilodeau
Charlie Bilodeau (born August 6, 1993) is a retired Canadian pair skater.

With former partner Julianne Séguin, he is the 2016 Skate America champion, the 2015 World Junior silver medallist, the 2014 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a three-time Canadian national medallist.

They placed 9th at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

With former partner Liubov Ilyushechkina he is the 2019 Cup of China bronze medalist, the 2019 CSFinlandia Trophy bronze medalist, and the 2020 Canadian national bronze medalist.

2015 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2015 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2014–15 season. The event was held on 2–8 March 2015 at the newly constructed Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. It determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Impression (software)
Impression is a combined desktop publishing and word processor application for RISC OS systems. It was developed by Computer Concepts who described it as a "document processor" — a DTP system responsive enough to be a daily-use word processor. Initially made available in pre-release form in 1989, having been demonstrated in February 1989 at the Which? Computer Show and subsequently announced as being available from June 1989. The "completed" version was eventually delivered on 18th January 1990.

Originally, the application appears to have been developed for Acorn's then-current operating system, Arthur, as a ROM-based product, but due to dissatisfaction with the state of Arthur during early development of the application, it was then meant to use Computer Concepts' own operating system, Impulse, instead. (Publicity images for the software depict a different operating environment to RISC OS.)

Word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.

Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.

The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.

Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.
Riley & Cowley
Riley & Cowley was an American marine engineering firm established in 1869 in Brooklyn, New York. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of marine steam engines for small watercraft such as steam yachts, launches and tugboats, and was particularly noted for its light and compact, high-performance, compound and triple expansion engines. The company also produced screw propellers, dredging machinery and other marine equipment.

By the 1880s, the company was building engines for the pleasure craft of some of New York's wealthiest men such as R. V. Pierce and Pierre Lorillard III, and by 1890 it was producing some of the smallest triple-expansion engines then built in the United States. In 1902, the company also built a steam car. The company was dissolved in 1905 following the death of one of its founders.

Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.

Invented in 1781, this technique was first employed on a Cornish beam engine in 1804. Around 1850, compound engines were first introduced into Lancashire textile mills.
2019 Liga 1 (Indonesia)
The 2019 Liga 1, also known as Shopee Liga 1 for sponsorship reasons, was the 3th season of Liga 1 under its current name and the 10th season of the top-flight Indonesian professional league for association football clubs since its establishment in 2008. The season started on 15 May 2019 and finished on 22 December 2019. Fixtures for the 2019 season were announced on 7 May 2019.

Persija were the defending champions. PSS, Semen Padang, and Kalteng Putra joined as the promoted teams from the 2018 Liga 2. They replace Mitra Kukar, Sriwijaya, and PSMS who were relegated to the 2019 Liga 2.

On 2 December 2019, Bali United won the championship for the first time in their history, becoming the seventh club to win the Liga 1 following a win against Semen Padang, after second-placed Borneo drew against PSM, giving Bali United a 17-point lead with only four games left.

2018 Liga 2 (Indonesia)
The 2018 Liga 2 was the second season of the Liga 2 under its current name, and the ninth season under its current league structure.

PSS won the title after a 2–0 win over Semen Padang in the final at Pakansari Stadium, Cibinong on 4 December 2018.
Northern Kentucky Norse men's basketball
The Northern Kentucky Norse men's basketball team represents Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States. The school's athletic program began a transition to NCAA Division I in the 2012–13 school year. For the first three seasons of the transition (through 2014–15), it was a member of the Atlantic Sun Conference. In the final season of the transition in 2015–16, the Norse joined the Horizon League. The Norse were coached by John Brannen until April 14, 2019, when he left to take a job with the University of Cincinnati Bearcats. Before him the Norse program's coach was Dave Bezold, who had an overall record of 138 wins and 72 losses.
On April 23, 2019 Darrin Horn was hired as head coach by Northern Kentucky. Since joining Division I in 2012–13, the Norse have made three NCAA tournament appearances, most recently in 2023.

Northern Kentucky University
Northern Kentucky University is a public university in Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States. Established in 1968, it is the youngest of Kentucky's eight public universities. The university has seven constituent colleges in arts and science, business, education, informatics, health, and the Salmon P. Chase College of Law.