hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Benson (ice hockey)
William Lloyd Benson (July 29, 1920 – February 8, 2012) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centreman who played two NHL seasons with the New York Americans, and Brooklyn Americans. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Benson was the last surviving former player of the New York Americans.

New York Americans
The New York Americans, colloquially known as the Amerks, were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City from 1925 to 1942. They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the second to play in the United States. The team never won the Stanley Cup, but reached the semifinals twice. While it was the first team in New York City, it was eclipsed by the second, the New York Rangers, which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks' landlord, Madison Square Garden. The team played as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941–42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II and long-standing financial difficulties. The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967, though the Amerks' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946. The team's overall regular season record was 255–402–127.
Chancellorship of Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924 and served until 1929. He presented five budgets during his chancellorship. He was initially sceptical about advice from the Bank of England and leading economists to implement a return to the gold standard. In April 1925, however, he agreed to include the measure in his first budget. It resulted in deflation and unemployment, and was a catalyst to the miners' strike that led to the General Strike of 1926. Churchill's other policies as Chancellor included free trade, a reduction in the rate of local taxation, lowering the pension age and support for coal miners and the mining industry.

1926 United Kingdom general strike
A general strike took place in the United Kingdom from 4 to 12 May 1926. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the British government to act to prevent wage reductions and worsening conditions for 1.2 million locked-out coal miners. Some 1.7 million workers went out, especially in transport and heavy industry.

It was a sympathy strike, with many of those who were not miners and not directly affected striking to support the locked-out miners. The government was well prepared, and enlisted middle- and upper-class volunteers to maintain essential services. There was little violence and the TUC gave up in defeat.
Fletcher Trust
The Fletcher Trust is a charitable trust in New Zealand. Established in 1980, it grew from a philanthropic trust that had provided medical and educational benefits for employees of the construction company Fletcher Holdings. In 2002 the trust became an independent charitable trust organisation, focusing on educational philanthropy for projects in New Zealand.

The trust manages both the Fletcher Trust Archives and the Fletcher Trust Collection. The Fletcher Trust Archives are the largest corporate archives in New Zealand, focusing on material related to Fletcher construction projects and business activities dating back to 1911. The Fletcher Trust Collection is an art collection which includes nearly 600 artworks by over 250 artists, primarily focused on the New Zealand arts scene. The Trust also owns and funds Fletcher House, a historic house museum in Broad Bay, Dunedin.

Fletcher Construction
The Fletcher Construction Company Limited is a New Zealand construction company and a subsidiary of Fletcher Building. Together with Higgins Contractors Ltd and Brian Perry Civil it makes up the Construction division of Fletcher Building. Fletcher Construction is widely known in New Zealand, and has delivered various projects including constructing the Auckland Sky Tower.

It has five main business units:

Major Projects

Buildings

South Pacific

Higgins

Brian Perry Civil
Sakuradamon Incident (1860)
The Sakuradamon Incident (桜田門外の変, Sakuradamon-gai no Hen; or 桜田門の変 Sakuradamon no Hen) was the assassination of Ii Naosuke, Chief Minister (Tairō) of the Tokugawa shogunate, on March 24, 1860 by rōnin samurai of the Mito and Satsuma Domains, outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle.

Edo Castle
Edo Castle (江戸城, Edo-jō) is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan in Edo, Toshima District, Musashi Province. In modern times it is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace  in Chiyoda, Tokyo, and is therefore also known as Chiyoda Castle (千代田城, Chiyoda-jō).
Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate there, and it was the residence of the shōgun and the headquarters of the military government during the Edo period (1603–1867) in Japanese history. After the resignation of the shōgun and the Meiji Restoration, it became the Tokyo Imperial Palace. Some moats, walls and ramparts of the castle survive to this day. However, the grounds were more extensive during the Edo period, with Tokyo Station and the Marunouchi section of the city lying within the outermost moat. It also encompassed Kitanomaru Park, the Nippon Budokan Hall and other current landmarks of the surrounding area.
Kyle Brazell
Kyle Brazell (born 20 September 2001) is an Australian cricketer. He made his first-class cricket debut for South Australia against Queensland on 16 February 2024 in the 2023–24 Sheffield Shield season. Brazell is the captain of Tea Tree Gully District Cricket Club in South Australian Premier Cricket.

South Australian Premier Cricket
South Australian Premier Cricket (previously known as South Australian District Cricket and South Australian Grade Cricket) is the semi-professional State league based in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. It is currently the highest level of cricket played in South Australia outside first-class cricket. The league is administered by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA), which is the organisation responsible for promoting and developing the game of cricket in South Australia.
Word problem (mathematics)
In computational mathematics, a word problem is the problem of deciding whether two given expressions are equivalent with respect to a set of rewriting identities. A prototypical example is the word problem for groups, but there are many other instances as well. Some deep results of computational theory concern the undecidability of this question in many important cases.

Undecidable problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer. The halting problem is an example: it can be proven that there is no algorithm that correctly determines whether an arbitrary program eventually halts when run.
Arvīds Jansons
Arvīds Jansons (10 October 1914 – 21 November 1984) was a Latvian conductor and father of conductor Mariss Jansons.

Jansons was born in Liepāja. He studied violin from 1929 until 1935 at the Conservatory of Liepāja, then composition and conducting (under Leo Blech) at the Conservatory of Riga from 1940 until 1944 while working as violinist at Riga Opera. In 1944 he was appointed conductor of Riga Opera, then of the Latvian Radio Orchestra (1947–1952). In 1952 he was appointed reserve conductor, and tour conductor, of the Leningrad Philharmonic behind Yevgeny Mravinsky and Kurt Sanderling.

Jansons became principal guest conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in 1965. He collapsed and died from a heart attack in 1984 while conducting a concert with the Hallé in Manchester. He is buried next to Karl Eliasberg in Volkovo Cemetery, Saint Petersburg.

Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra
The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra (Russian: Симфонический оркестр Санкт-Петербургской филармонии, Symphonic Orchestra of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia) is a symphony orchestra based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Their home venue is the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia.
Sapphire jubilee
In 2017, the term sapphire jubilee or blue sapphire jubilee was coined for the celebrations to mark the 65th anniversary of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (see Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II). Previously, the sapphire wedding anniversary was understood to be the 45th, and this would be expected to carry over to regnal anniversaries as with silver, golden, and diamond jubilees.

Wedding anniversary
A wedding anniversary is the anniversary of the date that a wedding took place. Couples often mark the occasion by celebrating their relationship, either privately or with a larger party. Special celebrations and gifts are often given for particular anniversary milestones (e.g., 25, 40, 50, 60, or 70 years). In some cultures, traditional names exist for milestone anniversaries; for instance, fifty years of marriage may be known variously as a "golden wedding anniversary", "golden anniversary" or "golden wedding".
Guatemalan cuisine
Most traditional foods in Guatemalan cuisine are based on  Maya cuisine, with Spanish influence, and prominently feature corn, chilies and beans as key ingredients. Guatemala is famously home to the Hass avocado.

There are also foods that are commonly eaten on certain days of the week. For example, it is a popular custom to eat paches (a kind of tamale made from potatoes) on Thursday. Certain dishes are also associated with special occasions, such as fiambre for All Saints Day on November 1 and tamales, which are common around Christmas.

Fiambre
Fiambre is a traditional Guatemalan salad that is prepared and eaten yearly to celebrate the Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de los Muertos) and the All Saints Day (Spanish: Día de Todos los Santos). It is served chilled and may be made with dozens of ingredients.
Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary
Veerangana Durgawati Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in Damoh district and Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1996.  In 2023, it was declared as a tiger reserve with a total area of 2,339.12 square kilometres (903.14 sq mi).

Damoh district
Damoh district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪əmoːɦ]) is located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Damoh is the district's headquarters. It has an area of 7,306 square km (2,821 sq mi).
Abated Mass of Flesh
Abated Mass of Flesh is an American brutal death metal band formed in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in 2011. The band consists of vocalist Matthew Plunkett, guitarist Zack Plunkett, bassist Grant Alan and drummer Topher Stanfield. They have been compared to Dying Fetus, Impending Doom and Crimson Thorn.

Dying Fetus
Dying Fetus is an American death metal band from Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland, formed in 1991. Various lineup changes throughout the years have left John Gallagher as the sole remaining original member, as well as the band's driving force. According to Gallagher, the band name was chosen while the members were young and was intended to be offensive. To date, Dying Fetus has released nine studio albums.
Strada statale 148 Pontina
Strada statale 148 Pontina (SS 148), previously known as Strada regionale 148 Pontina (SR 148), is an Italian state highway 109.2 kilometres (67.9 mi) long in Italy in the region of Lazio that connects Rome to Terracina, passing through Latina and through the localities of Pomezia, Ardea in the Metropolitan City of Rome and for Aprilia, Pontinia and Sabaudia in province of Latina.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Helmut Paul
Helmut Paul (born 4 November 1929 in Vienna; died 21 December 2015 in Linz) was an Austrian nuclear and atomic physicist. He taught as a full professor of experimental physics at the University of Linz from 1971 to 1996. Since then he was professor emeritus. He was Rector of the University from 1974 to 1977.

Johannes Kepler University Linz
The Johannes Kepler University Linz (German: Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, short: JKU) is a public university in Austria. It is located in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. It offers bachelor's, master's, diploma and doctoral degrees in business, engineering, law, science, social sciences and medicine.

Today, about 24,000 students study at the park campus in the northeast of Linz, with one out of nine students being from abroad. The university was the first in Austria to introduce an electronic student ID in 1998.

The university is the home of the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Claudio Vieira de Oliveira
Claudio Vieira de Oliveira, also known as Claudio Oliveira, (born 1976) is a Brazilian motivational speaker and accountant born with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, a rare syndrome which affects the muscular system.

Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis (AMC) is congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body. It derives its name from Greek, actually meaning 'curving of joints' (arthron, 'joint'; grȳpōsis, late Latin form of late Greek grūpōsis, 'hooking').

Children born with one or more joint contractures have abnormal fibrosis of the muscle tissue causing muscle shortening, and therefore are unable to perform active extension and flexion in the affected joint or joints.

AMC has been divided into three groups: amyoplasia, distal arthrogryposis, and syndromic (is a syndrome or part of a syndrome). Amyoplasia is characterized by severe joint contractures and muscle weakness. Distal arthrogryposis mainly involves the hands and feet. Types of arthrogryposis with a primary neurological or muscle disease belong to the syndromic group.
Joanne Courtney
Joanne Margaret Courtney (born March 7, 1989, as Joanne Taylor) is a Canadian curler from Edmonton, Alberta. From 2014 to 2022, she was a member of the Rachel Homan rink which won the 2017 World Women's Curling Championship and represented Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

In 2023, she became a curling analyst for TSN, with the 2023 Scotties Tournament of Hearts becoming the first event she covered for the network. She also covered curling for the CBC during the 2022 Winter Olympics.

2017 World Women's Curling Championship
The 2017 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as CPT World Women's Curling Championship 2017 for sponsorship reasons) was a curling event held between March 18–26 at the Capital Indoor Stadium in Beijing, China. The winning Rachel Homan rink from Canada was the first team to go through a women's world championship undefeated since the event began in 1979, winning 13 games through the round robin, playoffs and final. Runners-up Russia took their first silver medal on this event.
Nicolae Nere
Nicolae Nere (born 6 December 1981 in Bucharest) is a Romanian rugby union player. He plays as a prop.

As of March 28, 2016, he plays for Steaua București in the SuperLiga.

He previously played for Farul Constanța, CSM București, and Bucharest Wolves in the Amlin Challenge Cup.

He gathered 18 caps for Romania, from 2006 to 2011, scoring 1 try, 5 points on aggregate. He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, playing in a single game without scoring. He has been absent from the National Team since then.

Liga de Rugby Kaufland
The Liga Națională de Rugby (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈliɡa natsjoˈnalə de ˈruɡbi]) is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in Romania. In the 2023 season there are 14 teams competing. The competition was established in 1913 and is governed by the Romanian Rugby Federation. Steaua București is the most successful club in the competition with 24 titles.
RG color models
An RG color model is a dichromatic color model represented by red and green primary colors. These can only reproduce a fraction of the colors possible with a trichromatic color space, such as for human color vision.

The name of the model comes from the initials of the two primary colors: red and green. The model may be either additive or subtractive.

It was used to display 3D images using anaglyphs since the 1850s. Despite its shortcomings in color reproduction, the RG model was used in early color processes for films from 1906 to 1929 (Kinemacolor, Prizma, Technicolor, Brewster Color, Kodachrome I and Raycol).

Subtractive color
Subtractive color or subtractive color mixing predicts the spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially absorbing media. This idealized model is the essential principle of how dyes and pigments are used in color printing and photography, where the perception of color is elicited after white light passes through microscopic "stacks" of partially absorbing media, allowing some wavelengths of light to reach the eye and not others. It is also a concept seen in painting, wherein the colors are mixed or applied in successive layers, though predicting realistic results (such as blue and yellow mixing to produce green instead of gray) requires more complex models such as Kubelka–Munk theory.
Columbaria of Vigna Codini
Three extensive underground collective burial columbaria were discovered at Vigna Codini in the mid-nineteenth century, near the Aurelian Walls between the via Appia and via Latina in Rome, Italy. Although this area on the outskirts of Rome was traditionally used for elite burials, these columbaria that emerged in the Augustan era seem to have been reserved for non-aristocratic individuals, including former slaves. Not to be confused with the later phenomenon of catacomb inhumations, these subterranean chambers contained niches for cremation urns. The columbaria at Vigna Codini are among some of the largest in Rome.

Niche (architecture)
In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: /ˈniːʃ/ or US: /ˈnɪtʃ/) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs.
White Goat Mountain
White Goat Mountain is a 7,800+ ft (2,380+ m) mountain summit located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the North Cascades in Washington state. The mountain is situated in Chelan County, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher neighbor is Tupshin Peak, 0.7 mi (1.1 km) to the northeast, and Devore Peak is 1.02 mi (1.64 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains to nearby Lake Chelan via Company and Devore Creeks. The first ascent was made September 10, 1940, by Everett and Ida Zacher Darr, Joe Leuthold, and Eldon Metzger. A herd of mountain goats beneath the peak was their inspiration for so naming this geographical feature.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
Babushkinskaya
Babushkinskaya (Russian: Бабушкинскаяpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in the Babushkinsky District, North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It was opened on September 29, 1978 as a part of the VDNKh – Medvedkovo sector. It is on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line, between Sviblovo and Medvedkovo stations after the commissioning of which there were 107 stations in the Moscow Metro.

Medvedkovo (Moscow Metro)
Medvedkovo (Russian: Медведковоpronunciationⓘ) is a Moscow Metro station in Severnoye Medvedkovo District, North-Eastern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line serving as its northeastern terminus. The station opened on 29 September 1978.
Chigozie Agbim
Chigozie Agbim MON Listenⓘ is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

After a protracted transfer dispute, he joined Enugu Rangers from Warri Wolves F.C. in April 2013 for a fee of eight million naira (approx €39,300).

He joined Gombe United in February 2014  and rejoined Rangers in April 2015.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
2021–22 National League 1
2021–22 National League 1 is the twelfth season (34th overall) of the third tier of the English domestic rugby union competitions, since the professionalised format of the second division was introduced.

Caldy were crowned champions on 23 April 2022, following their final match of the season at home to runner-up Sale, beating them 13–9 in front of a club record attendance of 3,023. Next season they will be playing in the RFU Championship. Blackheath (14th position) and Tonbridge Juddians (15th) are relegated to National 2 East.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School
Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School is an English-medium all-through school in Tangasseri, Kollam District in Kerala, India. Located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, it consists of a day school, and a boarding house located within the convent. The school was founded on 22 July 1885 by Mother Veronica of the Passion. It was one of the first English-medium schools in the Kollam District, and is one of its two originally Anglo-Indian schools. The school awards qualifications based on the ICSE/ISC syllabus.

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) is a non-governmental privately held national-level board of school education in India that conducts the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) Examination for Class X and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) for Class XII. G. Immanuel is the current Chairman of CISCE.