hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rivière du Sud-Ouest (Yamaska River tributary)
The Rivière du Sud-Ouest (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ dy syd wɛst], "River of the South-West") is a tributary of the Yamaska River. It flows in the administrative region of Montérégie, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada. Its course towards the northeast crosses the municipalities of:

Farnham, in Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality;

Sainte-Brigide-d'Iberville, in Le Haut-Richelieu Regional County Municipality;

Saint-Césaire, in Rouville Regional County Municipality.

Rivière des Hurons (Richelieu River tributary)
The rivière des Hurons (English: Hurons River) flows for 33 kilometres (21 mi) to the east side spill in the Chambly Basin just north of the city of Chambly. Its mouth is in the municipality of Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu in the Rouville Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Montérégie, in Quebec, in Canada. Hurons River flows through the Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality, RCM of La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, then the western part of the MRC Rouville Regional County Municipality. The latter is entirely east of the Richelieu River.

Besides the village areas (or hamlets), agriculture is the main economic activity in this small valley.

The river surface is generally frozen from mid-December to the end of March. Safe traffic on the ice is generally from late December to early March. The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation.
Letov Š-10
The Letov Š-10 was a biplane trainer aircraft produced in the 1920s by the Czechoslovak company Letov Kbely. It was a licensed copy of the German design Hansa-Brandenburg B.I and could hold 2 people. The Š-10 served in the Czechoslovak Air Force and later were acquired by aeroclubs and organizations of the Masaryk Aviation League (MLL).

Hansa-Brandenburg B.I
The Hansa-Brandenburg B.I was an unarmed military trainer and reconnaissance biplane of World War I, flown by the Austro-Hungarian Air Service. Early models were known internally to the Hansa-Brandenburg firm as the type D, while later models with a more powerful engine were designated FD. This aircraft was one of the earliest designs of Ernst Heinkel, who was working for Hansa-Brandenburg at the time. It was an entirely conventional two-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span. The pilot and observer sat in tandem in a long open cockpit.

The aircraft was produced under license by Aero, both during the war and afterwards (when it became known as the Aero Ae 01), and also by Letov, as the Š10. Experience gained with this design would provide Aero with the basis for a number of derivative civil and military designs throughout the 1920s.

The design formed the basis for the C.I and C.II armed reconnaissance types.
Josh Papali'i
Joshua Papali'i (born 13 May 1992) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop forward for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League. He has played for both Australia and Samoa at international level. He is also the highest-capped Canberra Raiders player of all time.

He has also played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII and Queensland in the State of Origin series. He played as a second-row or lock earlier in his career.

Prime Minister's XIII
Prime Minister's XIII, sometimes informally referred to as the PM's XIII, are a representative rugby league team, comprising Australian players from National Rugby League clubs. Initially, the team was selected from NRL clubs that did not qualify for the NRL finals. Over time this changed to include players whose teams were knocked out during the first two weeks of the finals, with the game played on the same weekend as the preliminary finals, one week prior to the NRL Grand Final. Since 2024, the Prime Minister's XIII game has been played on the weekend after the NRL Grand Final, with players from all clubs, including the Grand Finalists, available for selection.
Blitterlees
Blitterlees is a hamlet in the parish of Holme Low, one mile south of Silloth in Cumbria, England. The hamlet of Wolsty is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south as the crow flies, or 2.25 miles (3.62 km) by road, and Cumbria's county town, Carlisle, is located 23 miles (37 km) to the east. The B5300, known locally as the "coast road", runs through the village on its way to Beckfoot, Mawbray, Allonby, and ultimately Maryport.

Beckfoot
Beckfoot is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located on the B5300 coast road, three miles south of Silloth-on-Solway and two miles north of the village of Mawbray. The county town of Carlisle is twenty-five miles away to the east.
Josip Bonacin
Josip Bonacin (born 10 February 1984) is a Croatian former footballer who played in the Croatian Second Football League, Croatian First Football League, Liga I, Kazakhstan Premier League, Canadian Soccer League, Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and First County Football League.

Croatian Football League
The Hrvatska nogometna liga (pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː nôɡomeːtnaː lǐːɡa]; lit. 'Croatian Football League'), abbreviated as HNL and also known for sponsorship reasons as the SuperSport HNL, is a professional association football league in Croatia and the highest level of the Croatian football league system. Established in 1992, it was previously called Prva Hrvatska nogometna liga (1. HNL; lit. 'First Croatian Football League'), but a league structure reorganization from 2022–23 led to name changes for the three top league levels.
Alexander Samoylov
Count Alexander Nikolayevich Samoylov (Russian: Александр Николаевич Самойлов; 1744 – 1 November 1814) was a Russian general and statesman. He distinguished himself in the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 and was the prosecutor general of the Russian Empire. He was a relative of Grigory Potemkin.

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). It took place concomitantly with the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791), the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), and the Theatre War.

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich, took Khadjibey and Yeni Dünya for the Russian Empire. In 1794, Odesa replaced Khadjibey by a decree of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great.

Russia formally gained possession of the Sanjak of Özi (Ochakiv Oblast) in 1792 and it became a part of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. The Russian Empire retained full control of Crimea, as well as land between the Southern Bug and the Dniester.
New Medium Helicopter
The New Medium Helicopter (NMH) is a British military programme to procure up to 44 medium-lift support helicopters to replace the Westland Puma HC2 and initially, the Bell 412 Griffin operated by the Royal Air Force; and the Bell 212 and Airbus AS365 Dauphin operated by the British Army. It is expected the new aircraft will enter service during the late-2020s. By the mid 2020s, only the Puma HC2 is intended for replacement, the other types have already been retired or will remain in service.

Three manufacturers originally competed for the contract, Airbus Helicopters offering the H175M, Leonardo Helicopters offering the AW149 and Lockheed Martin offering the S-70M Blackhawk. In August 2024, only Leonardo had submitted a bid by the required deadline. The bid is expected to be reviewed during 2025, when a contract is also expected to be awarded.

Sikorsky S-70
The Sikorsky S-70 is an American medium transport/utility helicopter family manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. It was developed for the United States Army in the 1970s, winning a competition to be designated the UH-60 Black Hawk and spawning a large family in U.S. military service.  New and improved versions of the UH-60 have been developed since.  Civilian versions, and some military versions, are produced under various S-70 model designations.
Communist Academy
The Communist Academy (Russian: Коммунистическая академия, transliterated Kommunisticheskaya akademiya) was a higher educational establishment and research institute based in Moscow. It included scientific institutes of philosophy, history, literature, art and language, Soviet construction and law, world economy and world politics, economics, agrarian research, as well as institutes of natural and social science. It was intended to allow Marxists to research problems independent of, and implicitly in rivalry with, the Academy of Sciences which long pre-existed the October Revolution and the subsequent formation of the Soviet Union.

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
George F. C. Griss
George François Cornelis Griss (30 January 1898, Amsterdam – 2 August 1953, Blaricum), usually cited as G. F. C. Griss, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, who was occupied with Hegelian idealism and Brouwers intuitionism and stated a negationless mathematics.

Griss was a student of L. E. J. Brouwer and formulated an intuitionism based on a Hegelian idealism. He obtained his Ph.D. with Roland Weitzenböck at the University of Amsterdam in July 1925. He was largely influenced by L. E. J. Brouwer, Gerrit Mannoury, Carry van Bruggen and Gerard Bolland, who brought Hegelian thought to the Netherlands. He published a number of articles about a negationless mathematics and one small book about idealistic philosophy, called Idealistische Filosofie (17 February 1946, Gouda), in which he lays down a typically Hegelian idealism, and incorporates elements from Bergson's Creative Evolution (L'Evolution créatrice).

Gerard Bolland
Gerardus Johannes Petrus Josephus Bolland (9 June 1854, Groningen – 11 February 1922, Leiden) was a Dutch autodidact, linguist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and lecturer.  An excellent orator, he gave extremely well attended public lectures in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Delft, Groningen, Nijmegen and Belgium.

He became an expert in German idealism, being especially interested in the works of Eduard von Hartmann and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.  He began researching the formation of Christianity in 1891, and was extremely literate in religious history.  He was associated with the Dutch radical school.

He effected a revival in Hegelianism in the Netherlands around 1900 by arranging a new edition of Hegel’s works, and stimulating a renewal of interest in philosophy in the Netherlands. He had a quirky style in his use of the Dutch language causing linguist J.A. Dèr Mouw, among others, to criticise him sharply.
Alexia: Labor Omnia Vincit
Alexia: Labor Omnia Vincit (also released as simply Alexia, and stylised as A L E X I A) is a Spanish sports documentary miniseries about FC Barcelona Femení and Spain football player Alexia Putellas, released by Amazon Prime Video in most Ibero-American countries on 30 November 2022.

Following Putellas for a year between winning her first and second Ballons d'Or, the series initially intended to document both Putellas' history with Barcelona and Spain, and her 2021–22 season, including the 2022 Euro; with Putellas suffering a season-ending injury days before the Euro, the series shifted tone. Continuing to focus on Putellas' mindset, it additionally presents struggles of elite athletes and injuries.

The episode titles are all taken from Latin mottos that Putellas has tattooed, used to allude to her greatness in her sport and reflect the personal nature of the series.

Ballon d'Or Féminin
The Ballon d'Or Féminin (French pronunciation: [balɔ̃ dɔʁ feminɛ̃]), also known as the Women's Ballon d'Or, is an association football award presented by France Football that honours the player deemed to have performed the best over the previous season.
Chattr
chattr is the command in Linux that allows a user to set certain attributes of a file. lsattr is the command that displays the attributes of a file.

Most BSD-like systems, including macOS, have always had an analogous chflags command to set the attributes, but no command specifically meant to display them; specific options to the ls command are used instead. The chflags command first appeared in 4.4BSD.

Solaris has no commands specifically meant to manipulate them. chmod and ls are used instead.

Other Unix-like operating systems, in general, have no analogous commands. The similar-sounding commands chatr (from HP-UX) and lsattr (from AIX) exist but have unrelated functions.

Among other things, the chattr command is useful to make files immutable so that password files and certain system files cannot be erased during software upgrades.

Ls
ls is a shell command for listing files – including special files such as directories. Originally developed for Unix and later codified by POSIX and Single UNIX Specification, it is supported in many operating systems today, including Unix-like variants, Windows (via PowerShell and UnxUtils), EFI, and MSX-DOS (via MSX-DOS2 Tools).

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include an ls 
command with similar functionality.

An ls command appeared in the first version of AT&T UNIX. The name inherited from Multics and is short for "list". ls is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification.

In MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows, the equivalent command is dir. Apple DOS for the Apple II uses CATALOG.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) is the Connecticut state government's agricultural experiment station, a state government component that engages in scientific research and public outreach in agriculture and related fields. It is the oldest state experiment station in the United States, having been founded in 1875. Its official mission is to "develop, advance, and disseminate scientific knowledge, improve agricultural productivity and environmental quality, protect plants, and enhance human health and well-being through research for the benefit of Connecticut residents and the nation." The station operates a main research campus in New Haven, a research farm in Hamden, a satellite research facility and farm in Windsor, and a research farm in Griswold. The Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station is a separate agricultural research agency, founded in 1887 and part of the University of Connecticut, which also receives state and federal funding.

Griswold, Connecticut
Griswold is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 11,402 at the 2020 census. Griswold contains the borough of Jewett City and the villages of Doaneville, Kaalmanville, Rixtown, Glasgo, Hopeville, Nathanieltown, and Pachaug.
CD154
CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules.  It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In total CD40L has three binding partners: CD40, α5β1 integrin and integrin αIIbβ3. CD154 acts as a costimulatory molecule and is particularly important on a subset of T cells called T follicular helper cells (TFH cells). On TFH cells, CD154 promotes B cell maturation and function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface and therefore facilitating cell-cell communication. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switching and is associated with hyper IgM syndrome. Absence of CD154 also stops the formation of germinal centers and therefore prohibits antibody affinity maturation, an important process in the adaptive immune system.

Immunoglobulin class switching
Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. During this process, the constant-region portion of the antibody heavy chain is changed, but the variable region of the heavy chain stays the same (the terms variable and constant refer to changes or lack thereof between antibodies that target different epitopes). Since the variable region does not change, class switching does not affect antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens, but can interact with different effector molecules.
Final Mission
"Final Mission" is the 83rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the ninth episode of the fourth season.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, after learning that he finally has been accepted into Starfleet Academy, Wesley Crusher welcomes Picard's invitation to accompany him on an away mission that could resolve a mining dispute on an arid world. But following a shuttle crash and a near disastrous search for water that leaves the captain near death, Wesley finds himself charged with the weighty responsibility of keeping both himself and Picard alive until a rescue team can locate them.

Starfleet
Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. Within this fictional universe, Starfleet is a uniformed space force maintained by the United Federation of Planets (often called "the Federation" in the franchise) as the principal means for conducting deep space exploration, research, defense, peacekeeping, and diplomacy (although Starfleet predates the Federation, having originally been an Earth organization, as shown by the television series Star Trek: Enterprise). While most of Starfleet's members are human and it has been headquartered on Earth, hundreds of other species are also represented. Most of the franchise's protagonists are Starfleet commissioned officers.
Red Light (Bladee album)
Red Light is the second studio album by the Swedish rapper Bladee, released by Year0001 on 11 May 2018. It was produced and executive produced by Whitearmor, with guest contributions from Ecco2K and Uli K of Bala Club. Bladee's frequent collaborators Yung Sherman and Gud provided additional production.

Red Light is an emo album driven by Auto-Tuned vocals, sparkling synthesizers, and ethereal compositions. It was promoted by its only single, "Decay", and a performance at the O2 Academy Islington in London. HotNewHipHop received the album positively, while Anthony Fantano gave the album a negative review; retrospectively, the review has been seen as infamous by 032c and Fantano has called it one of his most negative reviews ever.

Auto-Tune
Auto-Tune is audio processor software released on September 19, 1997, by the American company Antares Audio Technologies. It uses a proprietary device to measure and correct pitch in music. It operates on different principles from the vocoder or talk box and produces different results. Auto-Tune can be used in both post-production music mixing and in real-time live performances.

Auto-Tune was initially intended to disguise or correct off-key inaccuracies, allowing vocal tracks to be perfectly tuned. Cher's 1998 song "Believe" popularized the use of Auto-Tune to deliberately distort vocals, a technique that became known as the "Cher effect". It has since been used by many artists in different genres, including Daft Punk, Radiohead, T-Pain and Kanye West. In 2018, the music critic Simon Reynolds felt that Auto-Tune had "revolutionized popular music", calling its use for effects "the fad that just wouldn't fade. Its use is now more entrenched than ever."
James Herbert Jones
James Herbert "Jimmie Red" Jones (March 14, 1920 – September 1, 2008) was the Arkansas State Auditor from 1956 to 1980 the Adjutant General of the Arkansas National Guard from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1984.

Arkansas State Auditor
The Arkansas state auditor (formally known as the auditor of state) is a constitutional officer within the executive branch of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Thirty-five individuals have occupied the office of state auditor since statehood. The incumbent is Dennis Milligan, a Republican who took office in 2023.
Cloudwater Brew Co
Cloudwater Brew Co is an independent craft brewery based in Manchester, England. Established in 2014, the brewery began making beer the following year and quickly gained a reputation for the quality of its products. In 2017 and 2018, Cloudwater was ranked among the ten best breweries in the world by beer scoring website RateBeer, becoming the only UK brewery ever to be featured. Several Cloudwater beers have also received accolades at the same awards.

Besides beer, the brewery also produces its own range of non-alcoholic sodas, as well as operating brewery tap rooms in Manchester and London and organising an annual beer festival, Friends & Family & Beer. Cloudwater Brew Co is a member of the Society of Independent Brewers.

Beer rating
Beer rating is the process of assessment and evaluation of beer by use of a points-based system. The process is similar to that used in beer judging competitions, such as those organised by the Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) in America, though the participants are consumers so it may be termed a score-rated recommendation system. The rating system may be a simple 5 marks, and may be organized by a beer store or pub chain such as Wetherspoon in the UK; or it may be more involved, such as the systems used by beer rating websites such as BeerAdvocate and RateBeer. A 2017 study considered beer ratings to be "a relatively unbiased and informative source of social information".
GDK
GDK (GIMP Drawing Kit) is a library that acts as a wrapper around the low-level functions provided by the underlying windowing and graphics systems. GDK lies between the display server and the GTK library, handling basic rendering such as drawing primitives, raster graphics (bitmaps), cursors, fonts, as well as window events and drag-and-drop functionality.

Like GTK Scene Graph Kit (GSK), GDK is part of GTK and licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

Windowing system
In computing, a windowing system (or window system) is a software suite that manages separately different parts of display screens. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) which implements the WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointer) paradigm for a user interface.

Each currently running application is assigned a usually resizable and usually rectangular surface of the display to present its GUI to the user; these windows may overlap each other, as opposed to a tiling interface where they are not allowed to overlap. Usually a window decoration is drawn around each window. The programming of both the window decoration and of available widgets inside of the window, which are graphical elements for direct user interaction, such as sliders, buttons, etc., is eased and simplified through the use of widget toolkits.