hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samar (1999 film)
Samar (Hindi: समर, Urdu: سمر, translation: Conflict) is a 1999 Indian feature film directed by Shyam Benegal. This movie is based on the book "Unheard Voices: Stories of Forgotten Lives" by Harsh Mander. It was produced by National Film Development Corporation of India, a government agency.

It stars Rajeshwari Sachdev, Jonhawiwi Forsywas, Kishore Kadam and Seema Biswas among others. The film is in Hindustani. The film's music is composed by Vanraj Bhatia. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 1999.

National Film Development Corporation of India
The National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC) based in Mumbai is the central agency established in 1975, to encourage high quality Indian cinema. It functions in areas of film financing, production and distribution and under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. The primary goal of the NFDC is to plan, promote and organise an integrated and efficient development of the Indian film industry and foster excellence in cinema.
Georgia State Route 1E
State Route 1E (SR 1E) was a 10.2-mile-long (16.4 km) suffixed state route in Floyd County, Georgia, extending along present-day Old Cedartown Road, Park Avenue, Maple Avenue, East Sixth Street, and 2nd Avenue between intersections with U.S. Route 27/State Route 1 (US 27/SR 1) as well as US 411/SR 53.

Floyd County, Georgia
Floyd County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 98,584. The county seat is Rome. Floyd County comprises the Rome, Georgia metropolitan statistical area.
Mélissa Bethi
Mélissa Bethi (Arabic: ميليسا بتحي; born 18 November 2005) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Première Ligue side Nantes. Born in France, she plays for the Algeria women's national football team.

Algeria women's national football team
The Algeria women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم للسيدات) represents Algeria in international women's football.

Algeria played its first match in 1998, against France, and lost 14–0. The team has never qualified for a World Cup. It has qualified six times for the Women's Africa Cup of Nations.

Algeria plays its home games at the Stade du 5 Juillet in Algiers and is coached by Farid Benstiti since December 2022. They are currently ranked 84th in the world in the FIFA women's rankings. The team's highest ranking was 64th, in June 2009.
Loïcia Demougeot
Loïcia Demougeot (born 31 January 2002) is a French ice dancer. With her skating partner, Théo le Mercier, she is a four-time Challenger Series medalist (including gold at the 2023 CS Warsaw Cup) and five-time French national medalist.

Earlier in their career, Demougeot/Le Mercier twice finished with in the top eight at the World Junior Championships (2019; 2020), were two-time silver medalists on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series, and two-tme French junior national champions (2019-20).

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.
Dadi Veerabhadra Rao
Dadi Veerabhadra Rao (born 1950) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a four-time MLA from Anakapalli constituency in Visakhapatnam district. He served as a minister of Information & Public Relations in NTR's  second, third and fourth ministry and was the leader of the opposition in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council for six years.

Anakapalle Assembly constituency
Anakapalle Assembly constituency is a constituency in Anakapalli district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Anakapalle Lok Sabha constituency.

Konathala Ramakrishna is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Janasena Party. As of 2019, there are a total of 204,699 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).
New York State Route 915E
42°38′39″N 73°42′24.5″W﻿ / ﻿42.64417°N 73.706806°W﻿ / 42.64417; -73.706806

New York State Route 915E (NY 915E) is an unsigned reference route designation for the Third Avenue Extension in East Greenbush, located in Rensselaer County, New York, in the United States. The east–west highway extends for 1.67 miles (2.69 km) from an intersection with NY 151 east of the Rensselaer city limits to a junction with U.S. Route 4 (US 4) south of the hamlet of Defreestville. NY 915E was designated as New York State Route 381 from the late 1930s to 1962 and part of NY 43 from that time to the late 1990s, when it gained its current designation.

Rensselaer County, New York
Rensselaer County /rɛnsəˈlɪər/ ren-sə-LEER is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,130, it's highest decennial count ever. Its county seat is Troy. The county is named in honor of the family of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the original Dutch owner of the land in the area. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.

Rensselaer County is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Laura Marcu
Laura Marcu is an American scientist and a professor of biomedical engineering and neurological surgery at the University of California, Davis. She is also a Fellow of numerous professional societies: the Biomedical Engineering Society, SPIE, The Optical Society and the National Academy of Inventors.

Optica (society)
Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and carries out charitable activities.
The Funk Hunters
The Funk Hunters are a Canadian electronic DJ duo composed of Nick Middleton and Duncan Smith, based in Vancouver. They have toured globally, performing at a number of major festivals such as Shambhala, Electric Forest, Calgary Stampede, and Bass Coast, as well as supporting other artists, including Chali 2na and GRiZ. Middleton also runs his own record label, Westwood Recordings, as well as Midnight Agency, which represents musical artists.

Shambhala (music festival)
Shambhala Music Festival is an annual music festival in British Columbia, Canada, founded by Jim "Jimmy" Bundschuh. It is held during the last week of July at the Bundschuh family farm; Salmo River Ranch, a 500-acre (2.0 km2) farm in the West Kootenay mountains near Nelson. The festival lasts four days and three nights and offers a mix of music and art in nature.
Eric Morgan Yeatman
Eric Morgan Yeatman FREng  FIET FIMMM is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at Imperial College London in London, UK.  He is an expert in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and was the co-founder and Director of Microsaic Systems.

Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a British engineering institution with activities including promotion of the development of materials science.

It has been a registered charity governed by a royal charter and a member of the United Kingdom's Science Council, since 2002. In 2019, the IOM3 celebrated the 150-year anniversary of the establishment of the Iron and Steel Institute which the IOM3 now encompasses. In 2022, it had a gross income of £3.99 million.
Till Steinforth
Till Steinforth (born 11 June 2002) is a German multi-event athlete. He competed at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the decathlon. He was a bronze medalist at both the 2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships and the 2025 European Indoor Championships in the heptathlon in March 2025. That month, he set a new German record of 6338 points.

2025 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's heptathlon
The men's heptathlon at the 2025 European Athletics Indoor Championships is scheduled to be held on the short track of Omnisport in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, on 9 March 2025. This will be the 17th time the event is contested at the European Athletics Indoor Championships. Athletes can qualify by achieving the entry standard or by their World Athletics Ranking in the event.

The 60 metres, long jump and shot put are scheduled for 7 March during the morning session. The high jump is scheduled for 7 March during the evening session. The 60 metres hurdles and pole vault are scheduled for 8 March during the morning session. The 1000 metres is scheduled for 8 March during the evening session.
Patricia Ferguson
Patricia Josephine Ferguson (born 24 September 1958) is a British politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow West since 2024. Ferguson previously served as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn, previously Glasgow Maryhill, from 1999 to 2016. A member of the Labour Party, she was in the Scottish Cabinet of First Minister Jack McConnell from 2001 to 2007.

Ferguson was also a Glasgow City Council Councillor, until her resignation on 2 September 2024. She currently chairs the Scottish Affairs Select Committee in the House of Commons.

Glasgow Maryhill (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Maryhill was a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. However, it was also one of ten constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to ten constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

For the Scottish Parliament election, 2011 Maryhill was expanded into a newly created Maryhill and Springburn seat.
Colored military units
Colored military units is a widespread unofficial name, which later became established in historiography and popular literature for the white regiments, brigades, and divisions of the 1st Infantry Division of the Volunteer Army and 1st Army Corps of the Volunteer Army during the Russian Civil War. The name comes from the specific colors of caps, shoulder marks, sleeve insignia and chevrons (red, black, crimson, blue) characteristic of each unit:

Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (Russian: Добровольческая армия, romanized: Dobrovolcheskaya armiya; pre-1918 Russian: Добровольческая армія), abbreviated to Добрармия, Dobrarmiya (pre-1918 Russian: Добрармія), also known as the Southern White Army was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1920. The Volunteer Army fought against Bolsheviks and the Makhnovists on the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. On 8 January 1919, it was made part of the Armed Forces of South Russia, becoming the largest force of the White movement until it was merged with the Army of Wrangel in March 1920.
Bay Area Science Fiction Association
Bay Area Science Fiction Association (BASFA) is a science fiction fandom social club. The organization was founded after a committee meeting for the SiliCon science fiction convention in 1991 by several Bay Area convention organizers (SMOFs) looking for a reason to meet other than at committee meetings. The club has met weekly since 1991, at various locations in the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area.

SMOF
SMOF (also spelled smof) is an acronym which stands for "Secret Master(s) Of Fandom" and is a term used within the science fiction fan community. Its coining is generally attributed to long-time science fiction fan and author Jack L. Chalker.
Orchard Library
Orchard Library (Chinese: 乌节图书馆) is a public library under the National Library Board (NLB) of Singapore.

Initially located on level 5 of Ngee Ann City on Orchard Road in the Central Area of Singapore, Orchard Library was opened by Lee Yock Suan, Minister for Information and the Arts on 21 October 1999. It closed on 30 November 2007 after its lease at Ngee Ann City was not renewed. It reopened on 23 October 2014 at a new location on levels 3 and 4 of Orchard Gateway on Orchard Road by Yaacob Ibrahim, Minister for Communications and Information, next to Somerset MRT station.

National Library Board
The National Library Board (NLB) is a statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Digital Development and Information of the government of Singapore. The board manages the public libraries throughout the country.

The national libraries of Singapore house books in all four official languages of Singapore: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. Other than paper books, the libraries also loans CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, VCDs, video cassettes, audiobooks on CDs, magazines and periodicals, DVD-videos, Blu-rays and music CDs. Its flagship institution, the National Library, Singapore, is based on Victoria Street.
Bolton High School (Louisiana)
Bolton High School (now known as Bolton Academy Academic & Performing Arts Magnet School) is a public magnet school in Alexandria, Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. The school's neoclassical building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rapides Parish, Louisiana
Rapides Parish (/ˈræpiːdz/) (French: Paroisse des Rapides) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 130,023. The parish seat and largest city is Alexandria, which developed along the Red River of the South. Rapides is the French word for "rapids". The parish was created in 1807 after the United States acquired this territory in the Louisiana Purchase.

Rapides Parish is included in the Alexandria metropolitan area, Louisiana.
Rohini Balakrishnan
Rohini Balakrishnan is an Indian bioacoustics expert. She is a senior Professor and Chair of the Centre for Ecological Sciences at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru. Her research focuses on animal behavior through the lens of animal communication and bioacoustics.

Indian Institute of Science
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in science, engineering, design, and management. It is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The institute was established in 1909 with active support from Jamsetji Tata and thus is also locally known as the Tata Institute. It was granted a deemed university status in 1958 and recognized as an Institute of Eminence in 2018.
1986 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
The Grand Canyon mid-air collision occurred when Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, collided with a Bell 206 helicopter, Helitech Flight 2, over Grand Canyon National Park on June 18, 1986. All 25 passengers and crew on board the two aircraft were killed. It remained the deadliest accident involving a helicopter on United States soil for nearly 40 years, surpassing the crash of Los Angeles Airways Flight 841 in 1968, until being surpassed itself by the Potomac River mid-air collision in 2025.

Grand Canyon National Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.9 million recreational visitors in 2024. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Olga Feliú
Olga Feliú Segovia (20 August 1932 – 25 June 2017) was a Chilean politician and lawyer. She was appointed to the Senate in 1990 by the Supreme Court and served until 1998, when she was succeeded by Enrique Silva Cimma.

Supreme Court of Chile
The Supreme Court of Chile is the highest court in Chile. It also administers the lower courts in the nation. It is located in the capital Santiago.

In the Chilean system, the court lacks the broader power of judicial review—it cannot set binding precedent or invalidate laws. Instead, it acts on a case-by-case basis. Trials are carried out in salas, chambers of at least five judges, presided over by the most senior member.
Mukhtar Yero
Mukhtar Ramalan Yero Listenⓘ
(born 1 May 1968) is a Nigerian politician who served as the governor of Kaduna State from 2012 to 2015, following the death of Patrick Yakowa in a helicopter crash. He previously served as deputy governor from 2010 to 2012 and as Kaduna State Commissioner of Finance from 2007 to May 2010 when Yakowa named him deputy governor after he succeeded Namadi Sambo who became the vice president of Nigeria.

Governor of Kaduna State
The governor of Kaduna State is the head of government of Kaduna State in Nigeria. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the Kaduna State Government. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Kaduna State House of Assembly, to convene the legislature and grant pardons.

When Kaduna State was created as the North-Central State from the Northern Region in 1967, Brigadier Abba Kyari was appointed its first governor. Kyari served the longest term of 8 years and 63 days as governor. Two governors Ahmed Makarfi (1999–2007) and Nasir El-Rufai (2015–2023) served two full consecutive four-year terms as governor.

Since the creation of the state in 1967, 21 people have served as governor, 11 military governors and 10 civilian governors.

The current governor is Uba Sani, he was sworn in on 29 May 2023.
Csanád County (medieval)
The Csanád County or Chanad County or (Latin: Comitatus Chanadiensis) was a county of the Kingdom of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. It was established after Csanád (the eponymous founder) had defeated Ajtony, and the bishopric of Csanád was founded in the 11th century.

Csanád
Csanád, also Chanadinus, or Cenad, was the first head (comes) of Csanád County in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first decades of the 11th century.

Csanád defeated and killed Ajtony who had ruled over the region now known as Banat (in Romania and Serbia). Csanád County and its capital (Cenad, in Hungarian Csanád) were named after him.
Cognitive anthropology
Cognitive anthropology is a subfield of anthropology influenced by Linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and biological anthropology in which scholars seek to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and cognitive psychology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists, and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge, in the sense of what they think subconsciously, changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Capsule of the glenohumeral joint
The capsule of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is the articular capsule of the shoulder. It completely surrounds the joint. It is attached above to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum, and below to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular cartilage above than in the rest of its extent.

It is thicker above and below than elsewhere, and is so remarkably loose and lax, that it has no action in keeping the bones in contact, but allows them to be separated from each other more than 2.5 cm, an evident provision for that extreme freedom of movement which is peculiar to this articulation.

It is strengthened, above, by the supraspinatus; below, by the long head of the triceps brachii; behind, by the tendons of the infraspinatus and teres minor; and in front, by the tendon of the subscapularis.

Shoulder joint
The shoulder joint (or glenohumeral joint from Greek glene, eyeball, + -oid, 'form of', + Latin humerus, shoulder) is structurally classified as a synovial ball-and-socket joint and functionally as a diarthrosis and multiaxial joint. It involves an articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). Due to the very loose joint capsule, it gives a limited interface of the humerus and scapula and is the most mobile joint of the human body. Comparatively, the shoulder joint differs in other species, providing different movements, locations, etc, in comparison to humans.
Eruption column
An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano. In the most explosive eruptions, the eruption column may rise over 40 km (25 mi), penetrating the stratosphere. Injection of aerosols into the stratosphere by volcanoes is a major cause of short-term climate change.

A common occurrence in explosive eruptions is column collapse when the eruption column is or becomes too dense to be lifted high into the sky by air convection, and instead falls down the slopes of the volcano to form pyroclastic flows or surges (although the latter is less dense). On some occasions, if the material is not dense enough to fall, it may create pyrocumulonimbus clouds.

Pyroclastic surge
A pyroclastic surge is a fluidised mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments that is ejected during some volcanic eruptions. It is similar to a pyroclastic flow but has a lower density, having a much higher ratio of gas to rock, which makes it more turbulent and allows it to rise over ridges and hills rather than always travel downhill as pyroclastic flows do.

The speed of pyroclastic density currents has been measured directly via photography only in the case of Mount St. Helens, where they reached 320-470 km/h, or 90–130 m/s (200–290 mph). Estimates of other modern eruptions are around 360 km/h, or 100 m/s (225 mph). Pyroclastic flows may generate surges. For example, the city of Saint-Pierre in Martinique in 1902 was overcome by one. Pyroclastic surge include 3 types, which are base surge, ash-cloud surge, and ground surge.