hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erling von Mende
Erling von Mende (born October 10, 1940) has been professor of Sinology at the FU Berlin since 1983. He is specialised in the social and economic history of the early Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Old Bess (beam engine)
Old Bess is an early beam engine built by the partnership of Boulton and Watt. The engine was constructed in 1777 and worked until 1848.

The engine is most obviously known simply for being an early example of an engine built by Boulton and Watt. However it also played a far more important role in the development of steam engines for being the first engine designed to work with an early cutoff, and so to use the expansion of the steam for greater efficiency.

It is now preserved in the Power Gallery of the Science Museum, London. It is the oldest surviving Watt engine, and the third-oldest surviving beam engine.

Boulton and Watt
Boulton & Watt was an early British engineering and manufacturing firm in the business of designing and making marine and stationary steam engines. Founded in the English West Midlands around Birmingham in 1775 as a partnership between the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton and the Scottish engineer James Watt, the firm had a major role in the Industrial Revolution and grew to be a major producer of steam engines in the 19th century.
Palaisipan
"Palaisipan" (lit. 'Puzzle') is a song by Filipino rapper Loonie featuring Filipino singer-songwriter Arthur Nery. It was released as a digital single on August 22, 2025. Written by Arthur Nery and Marlon Peroramas and produced by Yung Bawal, it is a hip-hop track that explores the vagueness and confusion surrounding situationships. It is also his second collaboration after the release of "Ikigai" with R&B singer-songwriter Dionela.

Dionela
Timothy Dionela (born March 14, 1999), known professionally by his last name as Dionela (/daɪˈɔːnɛlə/), is a Filipino singer-songwriter and musician. His 2024 singles "Sining" (featuring Jay R) and "Marilag" reached number one on Billboard Philippines Hot 100.
2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 21 August 2016 from 20:00 to 22:50 BRT at the Maracanã Stadium, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

As per traditional Olympic protocol, the ceremony featured cultural presentations from both the current (Brazil) and following (Japan) host countries, as well as closing remarks by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach and the leader of the Games' organizing committee Carlos Arthur Nuzman, the official handover of the Olympic flag from Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes to Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike, whose city hosted the 2020 Summer Olympics, and the extinguishing of the Olympic flame.

Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former foil fencer, and Olympic gold medalist. He served as the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025. He was the first ever Olympic champion to be elected to that position. Since 2025, he has served as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee. Bach is also a former German individual foil champion as well as a team world champion, and former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation's executive board.
Abid Hussain
Abid Hussain (26 December 1926 –  21 June 2012) was an Indian economist, civil servant and diplomat. He was India's ambassador to the United States of America from 1990 to 1992 and a member of the Planning Commission from 1985 to 1990.

Planning Commission (India)
The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.

In his first Independence Day speech in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced his intention to dissolve the Planning Commission. It has since been replaced by a new institution named NITI Aayog.
Owen Moffat
Owen John Moffat (born 6 January 2002) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Scottish Championship club Greenock Morton. Having advanced through the Celtic Youth Setup, he was also previously contracted to Blackpool, and had a spell on loan to Dunfermline Athletic.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Šimun Milinović
Šimun Milinović (24 February 1835 in Lovreć – 24 March 1910 in Bar) was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest and Franciscan who was the Serbian Primate (Primas Serbiae) and Archbishop of Antivari from 1886 to 1910.

Milinović was Croat by nationality, born in village Lovreć in southern Croatia (in the province Dalmatia), part of the Austrian Empire. He was ordained a priest on April 11, 1859. In 1862 he went to the imperial capital Vienna, where he continued his studies in history, geography and slavistics. He returned to Sinj in 1865, where he worked as teacher in gymnasium.

In 1886, he was named archbishop of Bar in Montenegro by Pope Leo XIII. In 1902 he requested a reconfirmation of the title "Serbian Primate" from the Pope, which was formally granted to him. He served in this position until his death in 1910.

Bar, Montenegro
Bar (Montenegrin: Bar, Бар, pronounced [bâr], Italian: Antivari, Albanian: Tivari) is a town and seaport in Coastal region of Montenegro. It is the capital of the Bar Municipality and a center for tourism. According to the 2023 census, the city proper had 15,868 inhabitants, while the total population of Bar Municipality was 46,171.
Notostira
Notostira is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Miridae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe.

Species:

Notostira elongata (Geoffroy, 1785)

Notostira erratica (Linnaeus, 1758)

Notostira poppiusi Reuter, 1911

Notostira sibirica Golub, 1978

Notostira elongata
Notostira elongata is a species of bugs from a Miridae family, subfamily Mirinae. It is found everywhere in Europe except for Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, various islands (except Britain I., where it is abundant).
Eötvös effect
The Eötvös effect is the change in measured Earth's gravity caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity. When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to Earth's rotation), and thus the centrifugal force also increases, causing a perceived reduction in gravitational force.

Gravimetry
Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of a gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. The study of gravity changes belongs to geodynamics.
Jonny & the Baptists
Jonny & the Baptists are an English musical comedy duo consisting of Jonny Donahoe and Paddy Gervers. Initially founded as trio in 2011, founding member Amy Butterworth left after their first live tour and album, and the duo of Donahoe & Gervers have since released two studio albums, multiple live albums and several digital singles, as well as gaining attention for their podcast series Making Paddy Happy which began in 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Jonny & the Baptists have regularly appeared on BBC Radio 4 including The Now Show, The Infinite Monkey Cage, Sketchorama, and Live at Television Centre. They have topped the iTunes comedy chart with single Farage, supported Mark Thomas on tour and appeared at major festivals from Latitude and Kaleidoscope to Tolpuddle Martyrs and Greenbelt.

Mark Thomas
Mark Clifford Thomas (born 11 April 1963) is an English comedian, best known for the political stunts that he performs on his show, The Mark Thomas Comedy Product on Channel 4. Thomas first became known as a guest comic on the BBC Radio 1 comedy show The Mary Whitehouse Experience first broadcast in March 1989. He describes himself as a "libertarian anarchist".
Can't Stand the Rezillos
Can't Stand the Rezillos is the debut studio album by the Edinburgh-based punk band the Rezillos, released on 21 July 1978 by Sire Records. The album has a more mainstream pop and rock and roll sound than the punk music of the time, and includes the UK top twenty hit "Top of the Pops", as well as several cover versions of 1960s songs: "Glad All Over" (originally a hit for the Dave Clark Five); "Somebody's Gonna Get Their Head Kicked In Tonight" (originally by Fleetwood Mac); and "I Like It", a Gerry and the Pacemakers hit.

Can't Stand the Rezillos received positive reviews from the UK music magazines and reached number 16 on the UK Albums Chart. The Rezillos split four months after the album's release, and the band did not make another studio album until their reformation in 2001 and the release of Zero in 2015, but Can't Stand the Rezillos has continued to receive critical acclaim since its release.

Glad All Over
"Glad All Over" is a song written by Dave Clark and Mike Smith and recorded by the Dave Clark Five.

Released in 1963, it was a hit and in the United States formed part of the early British Invasion, becoming the first hit of the movement by a group other than the Beatles, whose song "I Want to Hold Your Hand" it displaced at number one on the UK Singles Chart. It was the second-highest selling single of 1964 in the UK, after the Beatles' "Can't Buy Me Love".

The song is notable as the anthem of English football club Crystal Palace.
Ebba Leijonhufvud
Ebba Mauritzdotter Leijonhufvud, also called Ebba Mauritzdotter Lewenhaupt (1595 – 25 January 1654), Countess of Raseborg, Lady of Käggleholm, Eksjöhovgård and Tullgarn, was a Swedish nobleman, courtier and member of the Leijonhufvud family. She served as överhovmästarinna in 1633–1634 and foster mother in 1639–1644 to Christina, Queen of Sweden. She was also known for her donations to various churches.

Axel Oxenstierna
Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna (Swedish: [ˈǎksɛl ˈʊ̂ksɛnˌɧæːɳa] ⓘ; 1583–1654) was a Swedish statesman and Count of Södermöre. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of King Gustavus Adolphus and then Queen Christina, for whom he was at first regent.

Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history. He played an important role during the Thirty Years' War and was appointed Governor-General of occupied Prussia; he is also credited for having laid the foundations of the modern central administrative structure of the State, including the creation of counties (Swedish: län).
Joseph Shaw (Christ's College)
Rev. Joseph Shaw  (16 December 1784, Barton-in-Westmorland – 1 June 1859, Cambridge) was Master of  Christ's College, Cambridge. He tutored Charles Darwin at Cambridge in 1828.

Shaw was the son of the Rev. Edward Shaw, headmaster of Loughborough Grammar School, where he received his early education.

Shaw was admitted as a Sizar at Christ's College, Cambridge in 1803, gaining a BA 1807, and an MA in 1810. He was a Fellow of the college between 1807 and 1849, when he was elected Master in succession to John Graham.  However, he resigned the office before his term of grace had expired, in the conscientious feeling that his age rendered him unsuited to responsibilities of the office.  James Cartmell was elected in succession.  He then became a Senior Fellow from then until his death.

Shaw also served as Praelector, Tutor and Senior Dean.  He died at Christ's College in 1859 and was buried in the ante-chapel there.

John Graham (bishop)
The Rev. John Graham (23 February 1794, Durham – 15 June 1865, Chester) was an English churchman and academic. He served as master of Christ's College, Cambridge, from 1830 to 1848, and as Bishop of Chester from 1848 to 1865. Graham died at the Bishop's Palace, Chester, on 15 June 1865, and was buried in Chester Cemetery on 20 June 1865. He tutored Charles Darwin at Cambridge from 1829 to 1830.
Richard K. Fox (pilot boat)
The Richard K. Fox, first named  Lillie, was a 19th-century pilot boat built in 1876 for Boston Pilots. She was designed by model by Dennison J. Lawlor. She was one of the most graceful and attractive of the Boston pilot-boats and represented a trend toward deep-bodied boats. She was later sold to the New York pilots and renamed Richard K. Fox in honor of the famous sportsman and publisher of the Police Gazette. In the age of steam, she was sold in 1896 to the Marine Hospital Service.

Dennison J. Lawlor
Dennison J. Lawlor, (January 1, 1824 – January 1, 1892) was a Canadian-Irish shipbuilder and yacht designer. He apprenticed under shipbuilder Whitmore & Holbrook. Lawlor had his own shipyard, building and designing for 40 years some of the finest yachts, pilot boats and 150 merchant vessels built from his designs. The most notable were the Hesper, Florence and D. J. Lawlor. Lawlor died in Chelsea, Massachusetts in 1892.
Geer, Vijfheerenlanden
Geer  is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Vijfheerenlanden, and lies about 9 km northeast of Gorinchem.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1874 as Geer (De), and means "tapering piece of land". The postal authorities have placed it under Nieuwland. In 1840, it was home to 138 people.

Nieuwland, Vijfheerenlanden
Nieuwland is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Vijfheerenlanden, and lies about 8 km north of Gorinchem.

Nieuwland was a separate municipality in the province of South Holland between 1817 and 1986, when it became part of Zederik. When Zederik merged into the new municipality Vijfheerenlanden in 2019, it became a part of the province of Utrecht.
Brownlee, Oregon
Brownlee is an unincorporated community in Baker County, Oregon, United States.

John Brownlee started a ferry service that crossed the Snake River between Idaho and Oregon and became known as Brownlee's Ferry. When a railroad was built on the Oregon side of the river, the station at the ferry crossing was named Brownlee. Brownlee post office ran intermittently from 1910 to 1965. The portion of the tracks that ran between Homestead and Robinette and passed through Brownlee were torn up by the railway's final owners Oregon Short Line in 1934.

Homestead, Oregon
Homestead is an unincorporated community in Baker County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Homestead lies on the Snake River south of Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and about 4 miles (6 km) north of Copperfield and Oxbow.

The community was named for the homestead claim of Frank E. Pearce, who conducted operations at the nearby Iron Dyke Mine around 1900. J. H. Pearson was the first postmaster of the Homestead post office, which operated until May 1, 1965. The post office at Oxbow then replaced the office at Homestead.

Homestead was platted around 1898 along a Northwest Railway Company line that never developed. It thrived because of the patronage of the miners from the Iron Dyke Mine and because it was the railhead for local orchards.

From 1953 to 1960, Homestead was the starting point for passenger boat trips down the Snake River to Lewiston, Idaho operated by Blaine Stubblefield.
NXT TakeOver: Tampa Bay
NXT TakeOver: Tampa Bay was a scheduled professional wrestling livestreaming event that was to be produced by WWE. It would have been the 29th NXT TakeOver event held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's NXT brand division—TakeOver: In Your House in June in turn became the 29th. The event was originally scheduled to take place on April 4, 2020, from the Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida, but had been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was ultimately canceled, but matches scheduled and planned for the event were rescheduled to take place across multiple episodes of NXT, starting April 1. Tampa in turn would then get a major NXT event in 2025 at nearby Yuengling Center.

Benchmark International Arena
Benchmark International Arena is a multipurpose arena in Tampa, Florida, United States, that has been used for ice hockey, basketball, arena football, concerts, and other events. It is mainly used as the home for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League.

The building opened in 1996 and was originally known as the Ice Palace. In August 2002, the building's naming rights were sold to the St. Petersburg Times, which became the Tampa Bay Times in January 2012; accordingly, the arena was known as the St. Pete Times Forum (2002–2012) and Tampa Bay Times Forum (2012–2014). On September 3, 2014, the arena was renamed Amalie Arena when the naming rights were transferred to Amalie Oil Company. On August 13, 2025, it was announced that the facility's name was changed to Benchmark International Arena.
Blind Faith (miniseries)
Blind Faith is a 1990 NBC miniseries based on the 1989 true crime book of the same name by Joe McGinniss. It follows the 1984 case in which American businessman Robert O. Marshall was charged with (and later convicted of) the contract killing of his wife, Maria. Adapted by John Gay and directed by Paul Wendkos, the miniseries was originally broadcast in two parts with a total runtime of 190 minutes.

The cast includes Robert Urich, Joanna Kerns, Doris Roberts, Johnny Galecki, William Forsythe and Dennis Farina.

William Forsythe (actor)
William  Forsythe (born June 7, 1955) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of tough-guy, criminal characters, and has starred in films such as Once Upon a Time in America (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), Dick Tracy (1990), American Me (1992), Gotti (1996), The Rock (1996), Blue Streak (1999), Blue Hill Avenue (2001), and The Devil's Rejects (2005). He has also played recurring characters in television series such as Boardwalk Empire (2010) and Justified (2010).

Forsythe was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in the indie film The Waterdance.
Ann Skelton
Ann Marie Skelton (born 13 July 1961) is a South African jurist and children's rights activist. She was the chairperson of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child from 2023 - 2025. She is a professor of private law at the University of Pretoria, where she is UNESCO Chair in Education Law in Africa, and she also holds the Chair in Children's Rights in a Sustainable World at Leiden University.

An expert on child law, Skelton rose to prominence as a practicing human rights lawyer and advocate, first in non-profit organisations and then through the strategic litigation programme of the University of Pretoria's Centre for Child Law, which was formerly headed by Skelton. In addition, through the South African Law Reform Commission, she has played a significant role in post-apartheid child law reform in South Africa, including as chair of the committee that drafted the Child Justice Act of 2008.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Ohio State Route 170
State Route 170 (SR 170) is a north–south running state route located in Mahoning and Columbiana counties in northeast Ohio. It runs within a few miles of the Pennsylvania border for much of its route as it passes through the eastern parts of the two counties. The southern terminus is at an interchange with U.S. 30, State Route 7, and State Route 11 near Calcutta, and the northern at U.S. 62 in Youngstown.  ODOT extended the northern terminus from the previous point of Interstate 680, changing signs on July 16 and 17, 2008.

Ohio State Route 7
State Route 7 (SR 7), formerly known as Inter-county Highway 7 until 1921 and State Highway 7 in 1922, is a north–south state highway in the southern and eastern portions of the U.S. state of Ohio.  At about 336 miles (541 km) in length, it is the longest state route in Ohio. Its southern terminus is an interchange with U.S. Route 52 (US 52) just west of Chesapeake.  Its northern terminus also serves as the eastern terminus of SR 531 in Conneaut.  The path of SR 7 stays within five miles (8.0 km) of the Ohio River (Ohio's border with West Virginia) for the southern portion, with the river being visible from much of the route.  The road also remains within 10 miles (16 km) of the Pennsylvania state line for the northern portion.
The highway is also parallel with West Virginia Route 2 for most of the route, seen from the Ohio River.
Boris Bobrovnikov
Boris Bobrovnikov (born October 29, 1960) is a founder of the IT company CROC. He started studying at Moscow Geological Exploration Institute in 1977, graduated in 1982, and obtained a Ph.D. in geophysical engineering in 1985.

CROC
JSC CROC incorporated (Russian: ЗАО «КРОК инкорпорейтед») is an technology company operating in the Russian IT market. CROC was established by Boris Bobrovnikov in 1992. The company provides systems integration and managed B2B services, off-the-shelf products and promising end-to-end technologies, such as Big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, RPA, and machine learning, while also offering cloud and data center services based on its own data centers. It is headquartered in Moscow.
Hymen's war terrific
In 1817, Princess Charlotte of Wales died in childbirth. Charlotte had been the sole legitimate grandchild of King George III, so her death threatened to cause a succession crisis in the United Kingdom. Three of King George's surviving sons then scrambled to marry and produce heirs, in events termed Hymen's war terrific by satirist John Wolcot (in reference to Hymen, the Greek god of marriage ceremonies). Several potential heirs were born in 1819, including the future Queen Victoria.

Legitimacy (family law)
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce.

Conversely, illegitimacy, also known as bastardy, has been the status of a child born outside marriage, such a child being known as a bastard, a love child, a natural child, or illegitimate. In Scots law, the terms natural son and natural daughter carry the same implications.

The importance of legitimacy has decreased substantially in Western countries since the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the declining influence of Christian churches in family and social life.

A 2009 report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that in 2007 a substantial proportion of births in Western countries occurred outside marriage.