hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pethbugh
Pethbugh is a village in Anantnag tehsil in Anantnag District in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located 7 km (4.3 mi) towards the south from the district headquarters Anantnag and 64 km (40 mi) from the summer capital of Srinagar. The Pin code of Pethbugh is 192210 and postal head office is Dialgam. The present Lambardar of Pethbugh is Mr. Fayaz Ahmad Bhat. Pethbugh is surrounded by Anantnag Tehsil towards the north, Qazigund Tehsil towards the south, Qaimoh Tehsil towards the west, and Pahloo Tehsil towards the east. Anantnag, Srinagar, Udhampur, and Rajauri are the nearby cities to Pethbugh. This place is in the border of the Anantnag and Kulgam districts. The nearest Railway Station (1.5km). Towards the west is SADURA. The Block Office of the village is BDO Office Larkipora  (Shahabad). The nearest villages on boundary line are, Dialgam, Kamad, Ugjan, Schichen, Fathepora, and Sadoora.

Kulgam district
Kulgam district is an administrative district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is in the Kashmir division and is located at a distance of 18 kilometres (11 mi) towards south-west of Anantnag. The district comprises block, tehsil and town of Kulgam.
The Bird of Truth
The Bird of Truth (Spanish: El Pájaro de la Verdad) is a Spanish fairy tale collected by Cecilia Böhl de Faber in her Cuentos de encantamiento. Andrew Lang included it in The Orange Fairy Book.

It is related to the motif of the calumniated wife and classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 707, "The Three Golden Children". These tales refer to stories where a girl promises a king she will bear a child or children with wonderful attributes, but her jealous relatives or the king's wives plot against the babies and their mother. Variants are widely collected from Iberian tradition, in the many languages of Spain.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Burgraviate of Friedberg
The Burgraviate of Friedberg was a territory within the Holy Roman Empire. It emerged during the Late Middle Ages from the Burgmannschaft of Reichsburg Friedberg in Hesse. Notably, the Burgraviate featured a cooperative constitutional structure and was endowed with manorial privileges by the Emperor, which were reaffirmed multiple times until its dissolution in 1806. The Burgraviate established its territory, which, in addition to overseeing the neighboring Reichsstadt Friedberg and the Freigericht Kaichen, included a narrow strip of land in the southern Wetterau. Consequently, Friedberg Castle can be regarded as the sole reichsständische castle since its inclusion in the Reichsmatrikel in 1431. According to its self-perception, the Kayserliche und des heiligen Reichs-Burg Friedberg, as it was called, was a prominent institution of the Imperial Knighthood and directly subordinate to the king or emperor.

Friedberg, Hesse
Friedberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtbɛʁk] ⓘ; official name: Friedberg (Hessen)) is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district, in Hesse, Germany. In 1966, the town hosted the sixth Hessentag state festival, in 1979 the 19th.
Saajan
Saajan (lit. 'Beloved') is a 1991 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Lawrence D'Souza and produced by Sudhakar Bokade. Loosely based on the classic French play Cyrano de Bergerac (1897), it stars Sanjay Dutt, Madhuri Dixit, and Salman Khan in lead roles, with Kader Khan, Reema Lagoo and Laxmikant Berde in supporting roles. Nadeem–Shravan composed the film's music whereas Sameer wrote the lyrics of the songs.

Saajan was released on 30 August 1991, and grossed ₹18.35 crore worldwide, thus becoming the highest-grossing Indian film of 1991. It was unofficially remade in Telugu as Allari Priyudu.

At the 37th Filmfare Awards, Saajan received a leading 11 nominations, including Best Film, Best Director (D'Souza),
Best Actor (Dutt) and Best Actress (Dixit), and won 2 awards – Best Music Director (Nadeem–Shravan) and Best Male Playback Singer (Kumar Sanu for "Mera Dil Bhi Kitna Pagal Hai").

Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer
The Filmfare Best Male Playback Singer Award is given by Indian film magazine Filmfare as a part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise a male playback singer who has delivered an outstanding performance in a film song.

Although the Filmfare Awards started in 1954, awards for the best playback singer category started in 1959. From inception of the category through 1967, both the female and male singers used to compete for a single award, after which separate categories were created for female and male singers respectively.
2023 New Zealand Sevens
The 2023 New Zealand Sevens was the fourth tournament within the 2022–23 World Rugby Sevens Series and 22nd edition of the New Zealand Sevens since it began in 2000. It was held on 21 and 22 January 2023 at FMG Stadium Waikato in Hamilton, New Zealand.

2022–23 World Rugby Sevens Series
The 2022–23 World Rugby Sevens Series was the 24th annual series of rugby sevens tournaments for men's national teams. The Sevens Series has been run by World Rugby since 1999. This series doubled as a qualifier for the 2024 Olympic Games, with the top four countries, excluding hosts France, qualifying automatically.

The series was won by New Zealand, winning five of the eleven tour events held during the season on their way to claiming their fourteenth World Series title. The next placed teams were, in order, Argentina, Fiji, France, Australia.
Aizu-Gamō Station
Aizu-Gamō Station (会津蒲生駅, Aizu-Gamō-eki) is a railway station on the Tadami Line in the town of Tadami, Minamiaizu District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Tadami Line
The Tadami Line (只見線, Tadami-sen) is a 135-kilometre (84 mi) scenic railway line in Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Aizu-Wakamatsu Station at Aizuwakamatsu in Fukushima Prefecture with Koide Station at Uonuma in Niigata Prefecture.

The line opened in discontinuous stages between 1928 and 1971.  Because of trouble financing rainstorm damage repairs, the line had no rail service between Aizu-Kawaguchi and Tadami station from July 2011 until October 2022. During this time, a replacement bus operated between Aizu-Kawaguchi and Tadami. Full service on the line resumed on 1 October 2022.
Nuerland
Nuerland (Thok Naath: Ro̱l Naath, Arabic:بلد النوير, Nickname: the True Savannah) is the indigenous homeland and traditional territory of the Nuer people, located largely within South Sudan between latitudes 7° and 10° north and longitudes 29° and 32° east. The region covers parts of Upper Nile State, Jonglei State, Unity State, and surrounding areas, and is characterized by swamps, savannahs, and higher ground.

The Nuer are a Nilotic ethnic group primarily engaged in pastoralism, with cattle playing a central role in their economy, social organisation, and cultural practices. The seasonal flooding of Nuerland influences the community's semi-nomadic lifestyle, as people move between higher ground and swampy areas according to the dry and wet seasons.

Historically, the Nuer have had complex relations with neighbouring ethnic groups, including the Dinka and Shilluk, as well as with colonial authorities. These interactions were often marked by conflict and competition over resources.

Dinka people
The Dinka people (Dinka: Jiɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ) are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South Sudan.

They number around 4.5 million, according to the 2008 Sudan census, constituting about 40% of the population of that country and the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. The Dinka refer to themselves as Muonyjang (singular) and jieng (plural).
Julyan Stone
Julyan Ray Stone (born December 7, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Marinos B.B.C. of the Superliga Profesional de Baloncesto. He played college basketball for the University of Texas at El Paso.

UTEP Miners men's basketball
The UTEP Miners men's basketball team plays for the University of Texas at El Paso in El Paso, Texas. The team is an NCAA Division I men's college basketball team competing in the Conference USA. Home games are played at Don Haskins Center.
Abner Wimberly
Abner Wimberly (May 4, 1926 – September 18, 1976) was an American professional football player for three seasons with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He also played one season in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) with the Los Angeles Dons. He played college football for the LSU Tigers. He was inducted into the LSU Athletics Hall of Fame in 1949.

Wimberly died on September 18, 1976, in Oak Ridge, Louisiana, from injuries he received in the crash of a private Piper aircraft.  He and four other men from Oak Ridge were returning from Baton Rouge where they had attended the LSU – Oregon State football game. Upon attempting to land in heavy fog around midnight, the plane crashed and four men died.  There was one survivor. Prior to his death, Abner owned a successful wholesale oil products distribution company in Oak Ridge.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Uva Province
The Uva Province (IPA: [uːʋə], Sinhala: ඌව පළාත, romanized: Ūva Paḷāta, Tamil: ஊவா மாகாணம், romanized: Ūvā Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,500 km2 and a population of 1,266,463, making it the 2nd least populated province. The provincial capital is Badulla.

Uva is bordered by the Eastern, Southern, Sabaragamuwa, and Central provinces. It is home to several tourist attractions, waterfalls and two national parks: Yala National Park and Gal Oya National Park.

Yala National Park
Yala National Park is a national park in Sri Lanka, bordering the Indian Ocean and covering 979 km2 (378 sq mi). It was designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1900. It hosts diverse ecosystems ranging from moist monsoon forests to freshwater and marine wetlands, and is important for the conservation of Sri Lankan elephants, Sri Lankan leopards and 44 mammal species. It is one of the 70 Important Bird Areas in Sri Lanka harbouring 215 bird species including six endemic species of Sri Lanka.

The area around Yala National Park has hosted several ancient civilizations. Two important Buddhist pilgrim sites, Sithulpahuwa and Magul Vihara, are situated within the park. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami caused severe damage on the Yala National Park, and 250 people died in its vicinity.
Garista
:Garista: is a debut album by the British avant-garde music group :zoviet*france:, who, when it was recorded, identified themselves as :$OVIET:FRANCE:. Recorded in December 1981, it was the first commercial album by the group, who released it themselves in 1982 in audio cassette format. Subsequently it was re-released by the music label Singing Ringing, again in audio cassette format (UK, 1985), and then by Charrm in audio cassette, 12-inch vinyl and CD formats (UK, 1990).

Charrm
Charrm was a British record label based in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK operated by the company Charrm Limited. It was founded in 1989 and ceased trading in 2002. The label was created predominantly to act as a production and distribution operation for recordings by the British avant garde music group Zoviet France.
Polly of the Circus (1917 film)
Polly of the Circus is a 1917 American silent drama film notable as the first film produced by Samuel Goldwyn after founding his studio Goldwyn Pictures. This film starred Mae Marsh, usually an actress for D.W. Griffith, but now under contract to Goldwyn for a series of films. The film was based on the 1907 Broadway play Polly of the Circus by Margaret Mayo which starred Mabel Taliaferro. Presumably when MGM remade Polly of the Circus in 1932 with Marion Davies, they still owned the screen rights inherited from the 1924 merger by Marcus Loew of the Metro, Goldwyn, and Louis B. Mayer studios. This film marks the first appearance of Slats, the lion mascot of Goldwyn Pictures and (after the company's 1924 merger) Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.

Dawson Film Find
The Dawson Film Find (DFF) was the accidental discovery in 1978 of 372 film titles preserved in 533 reels of silent-era nitrate films in the Klondike Gold Rush town of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada. The reels had been buried under an abandoned hockey rink in 1929 and included lost films of feature movies and newsreels. A construction excavation inadvertently uncovered the forgotten cache of discarded films, which were unintentionally preserved by the permafrost.

The 2016 documentary Dawson City: Frozen Time details the history and recovery of the films, and features footage restored from the reels. The DFF is also featured in the 2013 documentary short Lost Forever: The Art of Film Preservation.
Sand Fire (2019)
The Sand Fire was a wildfire that burned in the area of Rumsey northwest of Guinda in Yolo County, California  in the United States. The fire started on Saturday, June 8, 2019, at County Road 41 and Highway 16 and burned 2,512 acres (1,017 ha) as well as seven structures. The fire was fully contained as of 7:27 am on June 15, 2019. The cause of the fire remains under investigation. The fire was the first major incident of the season, in what fire officials claimed to be an indicator of the fire season to come.

Yolo County, California
Yolo County (/ˈjoʊloʊ/ ⓘ; Wintun: Yo-loy), officially the County of Yolo, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Yolo County was one of the original counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood. As of the 2020 census, its population was 216,403. Its county seat is Woodland. Yolo County is included in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area  in the Sacramento Valley.
Spinning Dragons
Spinning Dragons is a spinning roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Manufactured by Gerstlauer, it was the second ride of its kind in the world after the Fairly Odd Coaster at Mall of America's Nickelodeon Universe. The ride was built in the East Asia area of the park in 2004 following the retirement of the Orient Express the previous year. The ride was installed by Ride Entertainment Group, who handles all of Gerstlauer's operations in the Western Hemisphere.

Orient Express (roller coaster)
Orient Express was a steel roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. Introduced in 1980, the ride was manufactured by Arrow Huss and designed by Ron Toomer. It was removed following the 2003 season. The red-orange track was located between the two entrances of the park. The station house was retained for use with a haunted attraction during the park's annual Halloween event.
Online OS
The Online Operating System was a fully multi-lingual and free to use web desktop written in JavaScript using Ajax. It was a Windows-based desktop environment with open-source applications and system utilities developed upon the reBOX web application framework by iCUBE Network Solutions, an Austrian company located in Vienna.

Web desktop
A web desktop or webtop is a desktop environment embedded in a web browser or similar client application. A webtop integrates web applications, web services, client–server applications, application servers, and applications on the local client into a desktop environment using the desktop metaphor. Web desktops provide an environment similar to that of Windows, Mac, or a graphical user interface on Unix and Linux systems. It is a virtual desktop running in a web browser. In a webtop the applications, data, files, configuration, settings, and access privileges reside remotely over the network. Much of the computing takes place remotely. The browser is primarily used for display and input purposes.

The terms "web desktop" and "webtop" are distinct from web operating system, a network operating system such as TinyOS or distributed operating system such as Inferno. In popular use, web desktops are sometimes referred to incorrectly as web operating systems or simply WebOS.
History of serfdom
Serfdom is a social class in a feudal system, by which an agricultural laborer is bound to work under their lord's estate, and may not leave. This practice, while most prevalent in Medieval Europe has a long history that dates back to the beginnings of human civilization, with helots in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta, and coloni in the Roman Empire. It persisted and grew through the 13th Century, before beginning to decline during the 14th-16th centuries, due to a growing economy, powerful monarchs, changes in population, and growing numbers of rebellions.

Colonus (person)
In the late Roman Empire and the Early Middle Ages a colonus (plural: coloni) was a tenant farmer. Known collectively as the colonate, these farmers operated as sharecroppers, paying landowners with a portion of their crops in exchange for use of their farmlands.

The tenant-landlord relationship eventually degraded into one of debt and dependence. As a result, the colonus system became a new type of land tenancy, placing the occupants in a state between freedom and slavery. The colonus system can be considered a predecessor of European feudal serfdom.
Tohoku derby
Tohoku derby (東北ダービー) refers to matches played between professional football clubs of Tohoku region, Japan.  This area consists of six prefectures and such clubs include Vanraure Hachinohe, Iwate Grulla Morioka, Vegalta Sendai, Blaublitz Akita, Montedio Yamagata, Fukushima United FC, and Iwaki FC.  Historically, the most significant are games which were played between Vegalta and Montedio (Michinoku derby), the two most successful of Tohoku's football clubs. The Blaublitz vs Montedio derby is called Ōu Honsen and played in the former Dewa Province. The Nambu derby is a football rivalry between Vanraure and Grulla, both teams are based in old Nambu domain territory. The Fukushima derby is the match in the Prefecture, between Fukushima United and Iwaki FC.

Dewa Province
Dewa Province (出羽国, Dewa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [deꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka.  Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Eclipse Metro
Metro is a high-performance, extensible, easy-to-use web service stack. Although historically an open-source part of the GlassFish application server, it can also be used in a stand-alone configuration. Components of Metro include: JAXB RI, JAX-WS RI, SAAJ RI, StAX (SJSXP implementation) and WSIT. Originally available under the CDDL and GPLv2 with classpath exception, it is now available under Eclipse Distribution License

Apache CXF
Apache CXF is an open source software project developing a Web services framework. It originated as the combination of Celtix developed by IONA Technologies and XFire developed by a team hosted at the now defunct host CodeHaus in 2006. These two projects were combined at the Apache Software Foundation. The name "CXF" was derived by combining "Celtix" and "XFire".
Rapid growing mycobacterium
Rapid growing mycobacterium consists of organism of the Mycobacterium fortuitum group and Mycobacterium chelonae/Mycobacterium abscessus group and these usually cause subcutaneous abscesses or cellulitis following trauma in immunocompetent patients.: 340

Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Fannes–Audenaert inequality
The Fannes–Audenaert inequality is a mathematical bound on the difference between the von Neumann entropies of two density matrices as a function of their trace distance.  It was proved by Koenraad M. R. Audenaert in 2007 as an optimal refinement of Mark Fannes' original inequality, which was published in 1973. Mark Fannes is a Belgian physicist specialised in mathematical quantum mechanics, and he works at the KU Leuven. Koenraad M. R. Audenaert is a Belgian physicist and civil engineer. He currently works at University of Ulm.

Von Neumann entropy
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics, and it is the quantum counterpart of the Shannon entropy from classical information theory. For a quantum-mechanical system described by a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is

where  denotes the trace and  denotes the matrix version of the natural logarithm. If the density matrix ρ is written in a basis of its eigenvectors  as

then the von Neumann entropy is merely

In this form, S can be seen as the Shannon entropy of the eigenvalues, reinterpreted as probabilities.

The von Neumann entropy and quantities based upon it are widely used in the study of quantum entanglement.
E.M.D. Sales, Inc. v. Carrera
E.M.D. Sales, Inc. v. Carrera, 604 U.S. 45 (2025), was a United States Supreme Court case, which unanimously held that a preponderance of evidence standard applies when an employer argues that an employee is exempt from the minimum wage and overtime pay provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act. The decision reiterated this standard as the default for civil ligation in the absence of a statute or constitutional case law requiring more stringent review.

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 29 U.S.C. § 203 (FLSA) is a United States labor law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and "time-and-a-half" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week. It also prohibits employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage. The Act was enacted by the 75th Congress and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938.