hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italo Pacchioni
Italo Pacchioni (29 March 1872 – 11 July 1940) was an Italian inventor, photographer and filmmaker, pioneer of Italian cinema, inventor of a camera and projector inspired by the cinematograph of Auguste and Louis Lumière.

Movie projector
A movie projector (or film projector) is an opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illumination and sound devices, are present in movie cameras. Modern movie projectors are specially built video projectors (see also digital cinema).

Many projectors are specific to a particular film gauge and not all movie projectors are film projectors since the use of film is required.
De arte venandi cum avibus
De Arte Venandi cum Avibus (lit. 'On The Art of Hunting with Birds') is a Latin treatise on ornithology and falconry written in the 1240s by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. One of the surviving manuscripts is dedicated to his son Manfred. Manuscripts of De arte venandi cum avibus exist in a two-book version (Manuscripts at Rome, Vienna, Paris (2x), Geneva and Stuttgart) and in a six-book version (Manuscripts at Bologna, Paris, Nantes, Valencia, Rennes, and Oxford).

Manfred, King of Sicily
Manfred (Sicilian: Manfredi di Sicilia; 1232 – 26 February 1266) was the last King of Sicily from the Hohenstaufen dynasty, reigning from 1258 until his death. The natural son of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred became regent over the Kingdom of Sicily on behalf of his nephew Conradin in 1254. As regent he subdued rebellions in the kingdom, until in 1258 he usurped Conradin's rule. After an initial attempt to appease Pope Innocent IV, he took up the ongoing conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the papacy through combat and political alliances. He defeated the papal army at Foggia on 2 December 1254. Excommunicated by three successive popes, Manfred was the target of a Crusade (1255–1266) called first by Pope Alexander IV and then by Urban IV. Nothing came of Alexander's call, but Urban enlisted the aid of Charles of Anjou in overthrowing Manfred. Manfred was killed during his defeat by Charles at the Battle of Benevento, and Charles assumed kingship of Sicily.
Xiao (Genshin Impact)
Xiao (Chinese: 魈; pinyin: Xiāo) is a character from the video game Genshin Impact, developed by miHoYo. He first appeared in the Liyue chapter of the main story following the game's launch in 2020, and became playable in 2021. In the game, he is a divine being known as an adeptus, and the last surviving yaksha. Xiao's backstory draws inspiration from the Taoist guardian deity Marshal Tianpeng found in novels from the Ming and Qing dynasties, while the mask he wears references traditional Nuo dance masks. His characterization and portrayal have been praised by commentators, although his English voice acting attracted criticism.

Marshal Tianpeng
Marshal Tianpeng (Chinese: 天蓬元帅; pinyin: Tiānpéng Yuánshuài; lit. 'Heavenly Marshal Canopy') is a deity in Chinese mythology and Taoism. He is best known for his role in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West (西游记), where he is reincarnated as Zhu Bajie, one of the main disciples of the monk Tang Sanzang. Marshal Tianpeng is revered as a powerful celestial general in Taoist tradition, often associated with the protection against evil spirits and the command of heavenly forces.
Chemi-ionization
Chemi-ionization is the formation of an ion through the reaction of a gas phase atom or molecule with another atom or molecule when the collision energy is below the energy required to ionize the reagents. The reaction may involve a reagent in an excited state or may result in the formation of a new chemical bond. Chemi-ionization can proceed through the Penning, associative, dissociative or rearrangement ionization reactions. Includes reactions that produce a free electron or a pair of ions (positive and negative).

This process is helpful in mass spectrometry because it creates unique bands that can be used to identify molecules. This process is extremely common in nature as it is considered the primary initial reaction in flames.

Ion source
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines.
Graciela Salgado
Graciela Salgado Valdez (1929 or 1930 – 2013) was a Colombian drummer, singer, and songwriter.
She founded and led the group Las Alegres Ambulancias, and in 2012 was awarded a prize by the Colombian Ministry of Culture for "strengthening Afro-Colombian culture".

Ministry of Culture (Colombia)
The Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Knowledges (Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y los Saberes; shortened to MinCulturas) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia charged with preserving, promoting, and encouraging the growth, free expression and understanding of the culture of Colombia in all its multi-ethnic forms.
Harry Cowan
Henry Cowan (5 December 1893 – 1974) was a Scottish footballer who played for Clyde and Dunfermline Athletic in his native country and for several clubs – primarily the New Bedford Whalers – in the United States, mainly as a full back. Reports from the time indicate that he was deaf and/or mute.

New Bedford Whalers
New Bedford Whalers was the name of three American soccer teams based in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The first Whalers played in the Southern New England Soccer League between 1914 and 1918. The second Whalers played in the American Soccer League between 1924 and 1931 before merging into Fall River F.C. The third Whalers were then formed when Fall River merged with New York Yankees. They played in the ASL between 1931 and 1932.
Dick Allman
Messina Wilson Allman (5 April 1883 – December 1943) was an English footballer who played as a forward.

He turned professional with Burslem Port Vale in April 1903 before joining Reading in May 1905. Two years later, he signed with Portsmouth via Plymouth Argyle and helped the "Greens" to finish as Southern League runners-up in 1907–08. He joined Stoke in May 1908 before moving on to Liverpool two months later. He then had spells with Grantham, Wrexham, and Ton Pentre, scoring the winning goal for Wrexham in the 1910 Welsh Cup final. He joined Leicester Fosse in November 1911, before transferring to Croydon Common in June 1912. He helped Croydon to win the Southern League Division Two title in 1913–14. After a spell guesting for Arsenal during World War I, he ended his career after the war with non-playing spells with Crystal Palace and Maidstone United.

Maidstone United F.C. (1897)
The original Maidstone United was an English football club from Maidstone, Kent, which existed from 1897 to 1992. The club played in the Football League Fourth Division from 1989 until their demise in 1992. During their time in the Football League Maidstone played their games at Dartford's Watling Street ground. The club also played in various amateur leagues and the Southern League, which was the major semi-professional league in southern England until the formation of the Alliance Premier League (now the National League) in 1979.
Ranajit Kunwar
Ranajit Kunwar (Nepali: रणजीत कुँवर, c. 1753–1815) was a Nepalese governor and military personnel in the Kingdom of Nepal. He was a son of Ramakrishna Kunwar of Kunwar family. He served as governor of Jumla, Pyuthan and sub-ordinate administrator under Amar Singh Thapa at Srinagar of Garhwal province. He suppressed the rebellion of Jumla as a governor. He fought at the battle of Khadbuda where he killed King Pradyumna Shah of Garhwal. He was the grandfather of Jang Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji who later became the Maharaja of Kaski & Lamjung and Prime Minister of Nepal.

Prime Minister of Nepal
The prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The prime minister leads the Council of Ministers and holds the chief executive authority in the country. The prime minister must command majority support and maintain the confidence of the Pratinidhi Sabha to remain in office. If the prime minister loses this support, they are required to resign.

The official residence of the prime minister is located in Baluwatar, Kathmandu. The seat of the prime minister's office has been at Singha Darbar since Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana's reign (1901–1929).

The sitting prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence in Nepal.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned on September 9, 2025, following the Gen Z protests. During the interim, Sushila Karki has been serving as prime minister since September 12, 2025.
Ludolph van Ceulen
Ludolph van Ceulen (German: [ˈluːdɔlf fan ˈkɔʏlən], Dutch: [ˈlydɔl(ə) fɑŋ ˈkøːlə(n)]; 28 January 1540 – 31 December 1610) was a German-Dutch mathematician from Hildesheim known for the Ludolphine number, his calculation of the mathematical constant pi to 35 digits.

Willebrord Snellius
Willebrord Snellius (born Willebrord Snel van Royen, also Willebrord van Roijen Snell (13 June 1580 – 30 October 1626), commonly known simply as Snellius and Snell, was a Dutch astronomer and mathematician.

Snell is best known for the law of refraction of light known as Snell's law, his pioneering work in survey known as Snellius's triangulation, and the Snellius–Pothenot problem, a means in planar trigonometry of finding an unknown point from known ones.

Despite being commonly attributed to Snell, the law of refraction was discovered by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl around 984 AD.
Battle of Ochagavía
Battle of Ochagavía was the first battle of the Chilean Civil War of 1829-1830 between the forces of Pipiolos (liberals), led by Francisco de la Lastra y de la Sotta and Pelucones (conservatives) led by Joaquín Prieto Vial. Francisco de la Lastra's forces have been defeated in the battle.

Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830
The Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 (Spanish: Guerra Civil de 1829–1830), or the First Chilean Civil War, was a civil war in Chile fought between conservative Pelucones and liberal Pipiolos forces over the constitutional regime in force.  This conflict ended with the defeat of the liberal forces and the approval of a new constitution in 1833, that was in force until 1925.
Paul L. Smith
Paul Lawrence Smith (June 24, 1936 – April 25, 2012) was an American actor. Burly, bearded and imposing, he appeared in feature films and occasionally on television since the 1960s, generally playing "heavies" and bad guys. His most notable roles include Hamidou, the vicious prison guard in Midnight Express (1978), Bluto in Robert Altman's Popeye (1980), Gideon in the ABC miniseries Masada (1981), Glossu "Beast" Rabban in David Lynch's Dune (1984) and Falkon in Red Sonja (1985). He was most frequently credited as Paul Smith or Paul L. Smith, but was also billed as P. L. Smith and Paul Lawrence Smith.

Popeye (film)
Popeye is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by Robert Altman and produced by Paramount Pictures and Walt Disney Productions. It is based on E. C. Segar's Popeye comics character. The script was written by Jules Feiffer, and stars Robin Williams as Popeye the Sailor Man and Shelley Duvall as Olive Oyl. Its story follows Popeye's adventures as he arrives in the town of Sweethaven.

Popeye premiered December 6, 1980, in Los Angeles, California, and opened in the rest of the United States the following week, distributed by Paramount, with Disney handling international distribution through Buena Vista International.  During opening weekend, the film grossed $6.3 million, ultimately taking in $60 million worldwide, against a budget of $20 million. When originally released, Popeye received negative reviews from critics, though its reception has improved over time.
William Brandon Lacy Campos
William Brandon Lacy Campos (August 31, 1977 – November 9, 2012) was an American poet, writer, columnist, LGBT and HIV/AIDS activist. He authored the poetry collection It Ain't Truth If It Doesn't Hurt and his writings were included in books and poetry anthologies. He was HIV-positive from his mid-20s and spoke about his serostatus, his methamphetamine addiction and his experiences as a person of color.

As an activist, Campos was a board member of the Audre Lorde Project and co-executive director of Queers for Economic Justice. He co-chaired the Queer Student Coalition of the United States Student Association and worked for the Center for Media Justice. He was also a regular presenter at the National LGBTQ Task Force's Creating Change Conference.

Serostatus
Serostatus refers to the presence or absence of a serological marker in the blood. The presence of detectable levels of a specific marker within the serum is considered seropositivity, while the absence of such levels is considered seronegativity.
Donald Hogarth
Donald McDonald Hogarth DSO (June 15, 1879 – June 27, 1950) was a politician and mining financier from Ontario, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario representing the riding of Port Arthur from 1911 to 1923 and again from 1926 to 1929. He served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in World War I where he achieved the rank of Major-General. He was a well-known mining financier who founded some of the biggest gold mines in Northern Ontario.

Port Arthur (provincial electoral district)
Port Arthur was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. In 1902 the riding was created as Port Arthur and Rainy River. Six years later it was split into two ridings: Port Arthur and Rainy River. In 1996, it was merged with the riding of Lake Nipigon to form Thunder Bay—Superior North.

When the city of Port Arthur merged with the neighbouring city of Fort William in 1970 to create the current city of Thunder Bay, the riding of Port Arthur and the riding Fort William continued as separate districts serving the new city.
American Egg Board
The American Egg Board (AEB) is a United States checkoff marketing organization, which focuses on marketing and promotion of eggs for human consumption. The AEB is best known for its long-running slogan, "The Incredible, Edible Egg", and the Just Mayo scandal.

Slogan
A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a clan or a political, commercial, religious, or other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or purpose, with the goal of persuading members of the public or a more defined target group. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as "a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising". A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and appealing to the audience.
Æðey
Æðey (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈaiːðˌeiː] ⓘ; lit. Eider Island) is an island located in the Westfjords region of Iceland. A höfuðból was built in the 19th century with a farm, with descendants of the family going to the house in the summer to maintain the farm. Other structures include a lighthouse and a weather station owned by the Icelandic Meteorological Office.

The island is home to multiple species of birds such as the common eider, with its feathers being harvest by the family that resides on the island. Mammals such as sheep can be found on the island though are often shipped to the mainland to not disturb the eider and puffin population.

Common eider
The common eider (pronounced /ˈaɪ.dər/) (Somateria mollissima), also called St. Cuthbert's duck or Cuddy's duck, is a large (50–71 cm (20–28 in) in body length) sea-duck that is distributed over the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breeds in Arctic and some northern temperate regions, but winters somewhat farther south in temperate zones, when it can form large flocks on coastal waters. It can fly at speeds up to 113 km/h (70 mph).

The eider's nest is built close to the sea and is lined with eiderdown, plucked from the female's breast. This soft and warm lining has long been harvested for filling pillows and quilts, but in more recent years has been largely replaced by down from domestic farm-geese and synthetic alternatives. Although eiderdown pillows or quilts are now a rarity—typically being marketed as luxury goods—eiderdown harvesting continues and is sustainable, as it can be done after the ducklings leave the nest with no harm to the birds.
Kenneth Mackessack
Kenneth Mackessack DL (24 October 1902 – 18 October 1982) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer. Mackessack served with the Seaforth Highlanders from 1923 to 1948, during which he served in British India and in the Second World War, in which he was wounded during the Battle of El Alamein. He served the remainder of the war as a military attaché in Washington, for which he was appointed to the Legion of Merit. During his military career he also played first-class cricket for the British Army cricket team, as well as for teams in British India. Following his retirement from the military, Mackessack served as the deputy lieutenant for Moray in 1954.

Seaforth Highlanders
The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, the Duke of Albany's) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, mainly associated with large areas of the northern Highlands of Scotland. The regiment existed from 1881 to 1961, and saw service in World War I and World War II, along with many smaller conflicts. In 1961 the regiment was amalgamated with the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders to form the Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons), which merged, in 1994, with the Gordon Highlanders to form the Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons). This later joined the Royal Scots Borderers, the Black Watch, the Royal Highland Fusiliers and the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders to create the present Royal Regiment of Scotland.
Township (Quebec)
A township (French: canton) in Quebec, Canada, is a cadastral division of the land.  The township system was implemented by the British government to facilitate the granting of public lands for settlement by populations of European background, particularly Loyalists from the American Revolution.  Townships were initially also a unit of local government, but that is no longer the case.  Townships are now used solely for land description and do not have a governmental function.

In the Quebec system, townships for the most part are approximately 10 miles by 10 miles square, except for those located on the banks of a navigable waterway which are 9 miles abreast and 12 miles deep.

Loyalism
Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to historical loyalty to the British Crown, notably with the loyalist opponents of the American Revolution, and United Empire Loyalists who moved to the remaining colonies of British North America after the revolution.
Church of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr (Buffalo, New York)
St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr Catholic Church is an American Catholic church located at 123 Townsend Street, Buffalo, New York on the city's East Side. It is the oldest Polish church in the Diocese of Buffalo, and holds the title of "Mother Church of Polonia" for Western New York.

National parish
National parish is a type of Catholic parish distinguished by liturgical rites or nationality of the congregation; it is found within a diocese or particular Church, which includes other types of parishes in the same geographical area, each parish being unique. A national parish is distinguished from the commonly known type of parish, the territorial parish, which serves a territory subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the territorial parish priest. A national parish is an ecclesiastic subdivision which serves a community of people but is not necessarily a geographic subdivision.
North Carolina Highway 111
North Carolina Highway 111 (NC 111) is a 126.0-mile-long (202.8 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  Traveling north–south through Eastern North Carolina, it connects the various rural towns and communities with the cities of Jacksonville (via U.S. Route 258 (US 258) and NC 24), Goldsboro and Tarboro.

North Carolina Highway 24
North Carolina Highway 24 (NC 24) is the longest primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It travels east–west between the Charlotte metropolitan area and the Crystal Coast, connecting the cities of Charlotte, Fayetteville, Jacksonville and Morehead City.
Derrynaflaw
Derrynaflaw (likely from Irish Doire na Flatha, meaning 'the oakgrove of the chief'), also known as Dernaflaw, is a small village and townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is about 2 kilometres west of Dungiven on the Foreglen Road. It is designated as a Hamlet and in the 2001 Census it had a population of 168 people. It lies within Causeway Coast and Glens district.

Dungiven
Dungiven (from Irish Dún Geimhin, meaning 'Gevin's fort') is a small town, townland and civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is near the main A6 Belfast to Derry road, which bypasses the town. It lies where the rivers Roe, Owenreagh and Owenbeg meet at the foot of the 1,525 ft (465 m) Benbradagh. Nearby is the Glenshane Pass, where the road rises to over 1,000 ft (300 m). It had a population of 3,346 people in the 2021 census. It is within Causeway Coast and Glens district council area.
North Salt Lake, Utah
North Salt Lake is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 16,322 at the 2010 census, which had risen to 21,907 as of 2020.

The city is often casually known as North Salt Lake City as it shares a municipal boundary with Salt Lake City to the south, though the city's actual corporate name is "The City of North Salt Lake". The error also has been solidified with the Federal Communications Commission, which has radio station KALL (700) officially licensed to "North Salt Lake City", though for all intents and purposes that station serves the Salt Lake City market in general.

Clearfield, Utah
Clearfield is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. The population was 31,909 at the 2020 census. The city grew rapidly during the 1940s, with the formation of Hill Air Force Base, and in the 1950s with the nationwide increase in suburb and "bedroom" community populations and has been steadily growing since then.

Clearfield is a principal city of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area, which includes all of Davis, Morgan, and Weber counties.
Federal Correctional Institution, Milan
The Federal Correctional Institution, Milan (FCI Milan) is a U.S. federal prison in Michigan, with most of the prison in York Township, and a portion in Milan. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

This prison is a low-security facility for male inmates. Its adjacent Federal Detention Center houses pretrial and holdover inmates. The institution covers approximately 332 acres (1.34 km2) and consists of 59 buildings with a total gross floor area of 504,200 square feet (46,840 m2).

The facility is 45 miles (72 km) southwest of Detroit, 15 miles (24 km) south of Ann Arbor, and 30 miles (48 km) north of Toledo.

Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP) is a federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all federal prisons in the country and provides for the care, custody, and control of federal prisoners.