hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marjatta Väänänen
Marjatta Väänänen (9 August 1923 – 16 October 2020) was a Finnish politician who was a Member of Parliament for the Centre Party from 1975 to 1991. She served as Minister of Culture, Minister of Education, and Minister of Social Affairs and Health.

Minister of Science and Culture
The Minister of Science and Culture (Finnish: tiede- ja kulttuuriministeri, Swedish: Forsknings- och kulturminister) is one of the Finnish Government's ministerial positions.

The Orpo Cabinet's incumbent Minister for Science and Culture is since the 24th of January 2025 Mari-Leena Talvitie of the National Coalition Party who replaced Sari Multala the current Minister of the Environment and Climate Change.
Colonization of Antarctica
Colonization of Antarctica is the establishing and maintaining of control over Antarctic land for exploitation and possibly settlement.

Antarctica was claimed by several states since the 16th century, culminating in a territorial competition in the first half of the 20th century when its interior was explored and the first Antarctic camps and bases were set up.

Contemporarily territorial claims and activities on Antarctica have been limited since the Antarctic Treaty (1959) by the Antarctic Treaty System and its Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

At present the population of Antarctica comprises scientists and staff of approximate 4,000 people in summer and 1,000 in winter, from 30 countries staying at about 70 bases (40 year-round and 30 summer-only). Of those bases, two are civilian settlements, the Argentinian-administered Esperanza Base and Chilean-administered Villa Las Estrellas.

Esperanza Base
Esperanza Base (Spanish: Base Esperanza, 'Hope Base') is a permanent, all-year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula (in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula). It is the only civilian settlement on the Antarctic mainland (the Chilean Villa Las Estrellas is on the South Shetland Islands). The base's motto is Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio ('Permanence, an act of sacrifice').
Featherwood Roman Camps
Featherwood Roman Camps are neighbouring archaeological sites in Northumberland, England, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Featherwood and about 3 miles (5 km) east of Byrness. The remains of two Roman camps, near Dere Street, are scheduled monuments.

Dere Street
Dere Street or Deere Street is a modern designation of a Roman road which ran north from Eboracum (York), crossing the Stanegate at Corbridge (Hadrian's Wall was crossed at the Portgate, just to the north) and continuing beyond into what is now Scotland, later at least as far as the Antonine Wall. It was the Romans' major route for communications and supplies to the north and to Scotland. Portions of its route are still followed by modern roads, including the A1(M) (south of the River Tees), the B6275 road through Piercebridge, where Dere Street crosses the River Tees, and the A68 north of Corbridge in Northumberland.
Accentus (choir)
Accentus is a French chamber choir founded by Laurence Equilbey in 1991. The ensemble has been in residence at the Opéra de Rouen since 1998. When in Rouen, the choir usually holds concerts at the Théâtre des Arts or the recently reopened Chapelle Corneille.

Rouen Opera House
The Rouen Opera House, formally known as Rouen Normandy Opera House - Theatre of Arts (French: Opéra de Rouen Normandie - Théâtre des arts) is a French opera house located in Rouen, Normandy. It is home to the Rouen Philharmonic Orchestra.

It operates a portfolio of concert venues including its headquarters, known as the Théâtre des arts, and the Chapelle Corneille.

It is situated next to the Métro and TEOR station Théâtre des arts.
Sigismond Frédéric de Berckheim
Sigismond Frédéric de Berckheim (9 May 1775 – 28 December 1817) became a French division commander during the last years of the Napoleonic Wars. Born into an old Alsatian family, he joined an infantry regiment at the age of 14. In 1807 he became the commanding officer of the 1st Cuirassier Regiment. In 1809 he led his cavalrymen at Eckmühl, Ratisbon, Aspern-Essling and Wagram. Promoted to general of brigade, he fought at First and Second Polotsk and the Berezina in 1812. He led a cavalry brigade at Lützen and Bautzen in 1813. Promoted to general of division, he led a cavalry division at Dresden, Leipzig and Hanau. He commanded a cavalry division at Arcis-sur-Aube in 1814. He became an inspector general and a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1815 and 1816. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 12.

Battle of Lützen (1813)
The Battle of Lützen, fought on 2 May 1813 near the town of Lützen in Saxony, was a major engagement during the War of the Sixth Coalition. It pitted Napoleon Bonaparte's French forces against a coalition army of Prussian and Russian troops commanded by Generals Wittgenstein and Blücher. The battle marked Napoleon's attempt to reassert dominance in Central Europe following his disastrous retreat from Russia in 1812. Although the Allies initially gained ground and inflicted significant damage on the French forces, Napoleon's tactical brilliance and use of concentrated reserves allowed him to turn the tide of the battle. The French ultimately secured a costly victory, forcing the Allies to retreat.
Tau-protein kinase
In enzymology, a tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + tau protein  ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and tau protein, whereas its two products are ADP and O-phospho-tau-protein.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically, those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). This enzyme participates in 14 metabolic pathways: erbb signaling pathway, cell cycle, wnt signaling pathway, hedgehog signaling pathway, axon guidance, focal adhesion, b cell receptor signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, melanogenesis, alzheimer's disease, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, and basal cell carcinoma.

Tau protein
The tau proteins (abbreviated from tubulin associated unit) form a group of six highly soluble protein isoforms produced by alternative splicing from the gene MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau). They have roles primarily in maintaining the stability of microtubules in axons and are abundant in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), where the cerebral cortex has the highest abundance. They are less common elsewhere but are also expressed at very low levels in CNS astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

Pathologies and dementias of the nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are associated with tau proteins that have become hyperphosphorylated insoluble aggregates called neurofibrillary tangles. The tau proteins were identified in 1975 as heat-stable proteins essential for microtubule assembly, and since then they have been characterized as intrinsically disordered proteins.
Psilocybe hispanica
Psilocybe hispanica is a species of fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. It produces small brown mushrooms with conical to convex caps up to 10 mm (0.4 in) in diameter and stems 16 to 25 mm (0.6 to 1.0 in) long by 0.5 to 1 mm (0.02 to 0.04 in) thick. Reported as new to science in 2000, it is only known from the Pyrenees mountain range in northern Spain and southwestern France, where it grows on horse dung in grass fields at elevations of 1,700 to 2,300 m (5,600 to 7,500 ft). The mushroom contains the psychoactive compound psilocybin. The possible depiction of this species in the 6,000-year-old Selva Pascuala rock art suggests that it might have been used in ancient religious rituals—the oldest evidence of such usage in prehistoric Europe.

Pileus (mycology)
In mycology, the pileus (pl.: pilei) is the cap or cap-like part of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes.

The word pileus comes from the Latin for a type of felt cap.
Alan Spaulding
Alan Spaulding is a fictional character on the CBS soap opera Guiding Light.  He was played by Christopher Bernau from the time of the character's introduction in 1977 until 1984, and from 1986 to June 1988, when Bernau left the role due to health problems. David Bailey briefly portrayed the role in 1979. Daniel Pilon stepped into the role from 1988 until the character was sent to prison in 1990. From 1994 to the series 2009 conclusion, the character was played by Ron Raines. Jeff Branson briefly played a young Alan in a flashback scene during Carrie Carruther's murder investigation.

Lizzie Spaulding
Elizabeth "Lizzie" Spaulding Lewis is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera Guiding Light. The role was last portrayed by actress Emme Rylan from February 7, 2006 to September 18, 2009.

She is the daughter of Phillip Spaulding and Beth Raines, born onscreen on Thanksgiving in 1990. Her birth year was later revised to 1986 when she turned 18 in 2004. She is the third Elizabeth in her family; her paternal grandmother and mother's first names are Elizabeth as well.
For Lizzie's battle with leukemia in 2000, the show received a Special Recognition Award from the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society for bringing national awareness of the disease to the attention of daytime viewers.
2020 Summer Paralympics torch relay
The 2020 Summer Paralympics torch relay was held from 12 August 2021 to 24 August 2021. After being lit in multiple locations in Japan and Great Britain, the torch was intended to travel around Japan and end in Tokyo's New National Stadium, the main venue of the 2020 Summer Paralympics. The relay took place on a smaller scale than the Olympic relay, starting in Tokyo, with local flames lighted through Saitama, Chiba and Shizuoka prefectures where events of the games were held. The relay ended at the 2020 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony. The LIXIL Corporation was the presenting partner of the torch relay.

2020 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony
The 2020 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony took place on 24 August 2021 at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan. The theme of the opening ceremony was "Moving Forward: We Have Wings" and thus surrounded around the theme of aviation, airplanes, airports, and everything that involved air travel.
Likhoslavl
Likhoslavl (Russian: Лихосла́вль) is a town and the administrative center of Likhoslavlsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow–St. Petersburg Railway, 41 kilometers (25 mi) northwest of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  12,257 (2010 Census); 12,515 (2002 Census); 13,449 (1989 Soviet census).

Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Russian: Тверская область, romanized: Tverskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Tver. From 1935 to 1990, it was known as Kalinin Oblast (Russian: Калининская область). Population: 1,353,392 (2010 census).

Tver Oblast is a region of lakes, such as Seliger and Brosno. Much of the remaining area is occupied by the Valdai Hills, where the Volga, the Western Dvina, and the Dnieper have their source.

Tver Oblast is one of the tourist regions of Russia with a modern tourist infrastructure. There are many historic towns, such as Torzhok, Zubtsov, Kashin, Vyshny Volochyok, and Kalyazin. The oldest of these is Rzhev, primarily known for the Battles of Rzhev in World War II and the Rzhev Memorial. Staritsa was the seat of the last appanage principality in Russia, while Ostashkov, located on lake Seliger, is a major center of recreational and nature tourism.
Colored Citizens Protective League
The Colored Citizens Protective League (CCPL) was established in Falls Church, Virginia in 1915 to advocate against proposed town ordinances to restrict areas where African Americans could live. It went on to become the first rural NAACP branch.

Tinner Hill
Straddling the southern boundary of Falls Church, Virginia, is a small hill and patch of woods with a historical marker identifying it as Tinner Hill, the site of the first rural branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in the United States.
2025 Kentucky General Assembly
The 2025 Kentucky General Assembly was a meeting of the Kentucky General Assembly, composed of the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives. It convened in Frankfort on January 7, 2025, and adjourned sine die on March 28, 2025. It was the sixth regular session of the legislature during the tenure of governor Andy Beshear.

Republicans maintained their majorities in both chambers following the 2024 elections for the senate and the house.

2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election
The 2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election was held on November 5, 2024. The Republican and Democratic primary elections were held on May 21. Following the 2022 election, Republicans and Democrats held 80 and 20 seats, respectively. The deadline for candidates to file was January 5, 2024. Republicans maintained their majority in the chamber without gaining or losing any seats.

A numbered map of the house districts can be viewed at the Kentucky House of Representatives' website.
Southern Institute of Technology
The Southern Institute of Technology (SIT; Māori: Te Whare Wānanga o Murihiku) is a public tertiary education institution (NZ TEI), established in 1971. It is one of New Zealand's largest institutions of technology, with 12,579 enrolees in 2021, contributing to a total of 4,768 Equivalent Full-Time students (EFTs), 3,989 domestic, 933 International.

SIT is famous for its Zero Fees Scheme. The Scheme was initiated by the Invercargill City Council as means to attract students to Invercargill due to dwindling student numbers. The scheme, which is open to New Zealand citizens and permanent residents, sees students save thousands of dollars on the cost of their tertiary education. The institution is also renowned for the quality of its facilities and equipment.

SIT offers over 200 programs in a range of academic, technical, and professional subjects at postgraduate, graduate, bachelor, diploma, and certificate levels. SIT is a member of the International Association of Universities.

Invercargill City Council
The Invercargill City Council is the territorial authority for the city of Invercargill, New Zealand.

The council is made up of an elected mayor and 12 councillors elected at-large. They are elected using First-past-the-post voting in triennial elections, with the most recent election being held in 2025. The current mayor is Tom Campbell.
Michael Carver
Field Marshal Richard Michael Power Carver, Baron Carver, GCB, CBE, DSO & Bar, MC (24 April 1915 – 9 December 2001) was a senior British Army officer. Lord Carver served as the Chief of the General Staff (CGS), the professional head of the British Army, and then as the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), the professional head of the British Armed Forces. He served with distinction during the Second World War and organised the administration of British forces deployed in response to the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya and later in his career provided advice to the British government on the response to the early stages of The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the General Staff (CGS) has been the title of the professional head of the British Army since 1964. The CGS is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Army Board; he is also the Chair of the Executive Committee of the Army Board. Prior to 1964, the title was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). Since 1959, the post has been immediately subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff, the post held by the professional head of the British Armed Forces.

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Sir Roland Walker, who succeeded General Sir Patrick Sanders in the role on 15 June 2024.
Daishō-in
Daishō-in or Daisyō-in (大聖院; lit. 'Great Holy Temple'), also called Suishō-ji (水精寺; lit. 'Crystal Temple'), is a historic Japanese Buddhist temple complex with many temples and statues on Mount Misen, the holy mountain on the island of Itsukushima, off the coast of Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan. It is the 14th temple in the Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage and famous for the maple trees and their autumn colors. Including Mt. Misen, Daishō-in is within the World Heritage Area of Itsukushima Shrine.

In this temple there is a flame which is said to have been burning since its foundation, for more than 1,200 years.

Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage
The Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage (中国三十三観音霊場, Chūgoku Sanjūsan Kannon Reijō) is one of a number of traditional Buddhist pilgrimage routes in Japan. The route includes 33 sites sacred to the boddhisattva Kannon, across the Chūgoku region (Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane and Tottori prefectures). The 33 Kannon were selected in 1981.
Sewar
Sewar (Sejwa, Sivas, Siwah, Siwai, Siwar, or Siwaz) refers to a dagger of Indonesian origin, typically carried in a belt and used mainly in Sumatra, Indonesia.  The blade is also referred to as Sewah by the Gayo people, Seiva by the Minangkabau people, Siva by the Alas people, and Siwaih by the Acehnese people.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Naval Museum of Halifax
The Naval Museum of Halifax (formerly the Maritime Command Museum) is a Canadian Forces museum located at CFB Halifax in the former official residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the North America Station (1819–1905).  Also known as Admiralty House, the residence is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.  The museum collects, preserves and displays the artifacts and history of the Royal Canadian Navy.

North America and West Indies Station
The North America and West Indies Station was a formation of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from the 1740s to 1956, with its main bases in Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station absorbed the separate Newfoundland Station in 1825 (becoming the North America and Newfoundland Station), and the Jamaica Station in 1830, to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926, absorbing what had been the South East Coast of America Station and the Pacific Station.
Gao Chai
Gao Chai (Chinese: 高柴; pinyin: Gāo Chái; Wade–Giles: Kao Ch'ai; born 521 BC), courtesy name Zigao (Chinese: 子羔/子皋; pinyin: Zǐgāo; Wade–Giles: Tzu-kao), was one of the major disciples of Confucius. Confucius considered him unintelligent because he was very short and ugly, but he served capably in the governments of the states of Lu and Wey.

Wey (state)
Wei (/weɪ/; Chinese: 衞; pinyin: Wèi), commonly spelled Wey to distinguish from the contemporary larger Wei (魏) state, was an ancient Chinese state that was founded in the early Western Zhou dynasty and rose to prominence during the Spring and Autumn period.  Its rulers were of the surname Ji (姬), the same as that of the rulers of Zhou. It was located in modern northeastern Henan Province, east of Jin (and later Wei 魏), and west of Cao.
Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy
The Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy (CGWA) is a research center at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). Its core mission is "to further scientific research and education in gravitational wave astronomy". It was founded in 2003 at the UTRGV's predecessor institution UT Brownsville, through a grant from NASA's University Research Centers program.

Research at the CGWA includes the study of gravitational waves and the astrophysics of gravitational wave sources. The center has hosted several international conferences.

Computing facilities at the CGWA include a 41-node cluster "Funes" which was installed at the beginning of 2004, and an older cluster, "Lobizon", with 96 nodes.  These computers are used mainly for source modeling and for numerical relativity simulations.

University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) is a public research university with its main campus in Edinburg, Texas, United States, and multiple other campuses throughout the Rio Grande Valley. It is the southernmost member of the University of Texas System. The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley was created by the Texas legislature in 2013 after the consolidation of the University of Texas at Brownsville and the University of Texas–Pan American.

In the fall of 2025, the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley enrolled 35,812 students, making it the ninth-largest university in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest (student enrollment) academic institution in the University of Texas system. In 2018, UTRGV was also one of the largest universities in the U.S. to have a majority Hispanic student population; 89.2% of its students are Hispanic, virtually all of them Mexican Americans.

It was classified in 2020 among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
German submarine U-209
German submarine U-209 was a Type VIIC U-boat of the Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 28 November 1940 by the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 638, launched on 28 August 1941 and commissioned on 11 October under the command of Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Brodda.

She was lost in May 1943, possibly due to a diving accident.

Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft
Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft (often just called Germaniawerft, "Germania shipyard") was a German shipbuilding company, located in the harbour at Kiel, and one of the largest and most important builders of U-boats for the Kaiserliche Marine in World War I and the Kriegsmarine in World War II. The original company was founded in 1867 but went bankrupt and was bought out by Friedrich Krupp. Krupp was very interested in building warships and in the time before the First World War built a number of battleships for the Kaiserliche Marine, including SMS Posen, SMS Prinzregent Luitpold, SMS Kronprinz, and SMS Sachsen. A total of 84 U-boats were built in the shipyard during the war. After the war it returned to the normal production of yachts and transports.