hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cellular approximation theorem
In algebraic topology, the cellular approximation theorem states that a map between CW-complexes can always be taken to be of a specific type. Concretely, if X and Y are CW-complexes, and f : X → Y is a continuous map, then f is said to be cellular if f takes the n-skeleton of X to the n-skeleton of Y for all n, i.e. if  for all n. The cellular approximation theorem states that any continuous map f : X → Y between CW-complexes X and Y is homotopic to a cellular map, and if f is already cellular on a subcomplex A of X, then we can furthermore choose the homotopy to be stationary on A. From an algebraic topological viewpoint, any map between CW-complexes can thus be taken to be cellular.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
McGill Redbirds ice hockey
The McGill Redbirds ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the McGill Redbirds and Martlets athletics program of McGill University. The team is a member of the Ontario University Athletics conference and compete in U Sports. The Redbirds play their home games at the McConnell Arena in Montreal, Quebec.

Ontario University Athletics
Ontario University Athletics (OUA; French: Sports universitaires de l'Ontario) is a regional membership association for Canadian universities which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media.  This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. OUA, which covers Ontario, is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Atlantic University Sport (AUS), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).

OUA came into being in 1997 with the merger of the Ontario Universities Athletics Association and the Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletics Association.
Spangle Lake
Spangle Lake is a small alpine lake in Elmore County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is located at the intersection Sawtooth National Forest trails 462, 463, and 460.

Spangle Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  Little Spangle Lake is just downstream of Spangle Lake while Lake Ingeborg is just upstream. The Spangle lakes are the source of the Middle Fork Boise River.

Sawtooth Range (Idaho)
The Sawtooth Range is a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains in central Idaho, United States, reaching a maximum elevation of 10,751 feet (3,277 m) at the summit of Thompson Peak. It encompasses an area of 678 square miles (1,756 km2) spanning parts of Custer, Boise, Blaine, and Elmore counties, and is bordered to the east by the Sawtooth Valley. Much of the mountain range is within the Sawtooth Wilderness, part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area and Sawtooth National Forest.

The mountains were named for their jagged peaks.
Andrei Stoica
Andrei Cătălin Stoica (born May 1, 1987) is a Romanian kickboxer competing in the Light Heavyweight division. He was the first to hold the SUPERKOMBAT Super Cruiserweight Championship and held the SUPERKOMBAT record for most consecutive title defenses.

Stoica was the No. 5 ranked light-heavyweight in the world during his reign as the SUPERKOMBAT Super Cruiserweight Champion. He is also a three-time wushu national champion and European wushu champion.

While perhaps best known for competing in the Superkombat Fighting Championship (SUPERKOMBAT), he has also competed for K-1, Glory, LEGEND, Dynamite Fighting Show and ONE Championship, where he is a former ONE Light Heavyweight Championship title challenger

As of 1 January 2023, Stoica is ranked the #10 heavyweight in the world by Beyond Kick.

ONE Championship
ONE Championship, formerly ONE Fighting Championship (ONE FC) until January 2015, is a multinational combat sports promotion founded on 14 July 2011 by Chatri Sityodtong and Victor Cui. Originally focused on mixed martial arts (MMA), ONE events have since incorporated muay thai, kickboxing, and submission grappling bouts. The promotion held its first event on 3 September 2011 at the Singapore Indoor Stadium, and has since held over 200 events across Asia. In 2022, parent company One Group Holdings, changed its legal operations from Singapore to the Cayman Islands.
Greg Jensen
Gregory George Jensen (born January 23, 1962) is an American former professional football center and guard. After playing football at Sauk Prairie High School, he did not attend college and remained out of the sport for six years. He decided to return to football in 1986 and started playing for a semi-professional team in Wisconsin. In 1987, he was signed by the New York Jets, but did not make the team. He later signed with the Green Bay Packers as a replacement player during the 1987 NFL strike and appeared in one game before being released. He concluded his career with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Replacement player
In professional sports, a replacement player is an athlete who is not a member of the league's players association and plays during a labor dispute such as a strike or lockout, serving as a strikebreaker.

Replacements related to strikes are mostly a North American phenomenon, since players in many other countries do not have league-wide collective salary bargaining (instead bargaining only with the club they are contracted to, and most commonly on an individual basis). A strike did however happen in the 2011–12 La Liga season in Spain, but no replacement teams were set up.

Elsewhere, replacement teams can occasionally happen through, among other things, illness breakouts (especially COVID-19) and aviation accidents.
Kanozero Petroglyphs
The Kanozero Petroglyphs are a set of rock drawings discovered in 1997 on an island in Lake Kanozero in the southwestern part of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The petroglyphs have been dated from the 2nd and 3rd millennium BC. There are currently about 1,300 different images discovered in 18 groups at the site. Their meaning is not yet deciphered.

Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. The term generally refers to rock engravings of ancient origin, often associated with prehistoric peoples. The oldest petroglyphs in the world are deemed to be those at Murujuga in Western Australia, which are 40,000–50,000 years old. Some petroglyphs are classified as protected monuments and some have been added to the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, or such status has been applied for.
Virginia Beach Department of Emergency Medical Services
The Virginia Beach Department of Emergency Medical Services is the 911 EMS provider for Virginia Beach, Virginia.  Virginia Beach is the largest city in the United States with a volunteer based EMS system. Since the 1940s Virginia Beach has offered free pre-hospital emergency services through 10 volunteer rescue squads supported by 1,100+ volunteers throughout the city. Virginia Beach EMS has also been a leader in a variety of pre-hospital technologies, including point-of-care ultrasound, 12-lead transmission, EZ-IO technology, therapeutic hypothermia, rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSI), video laryngoscopy, end-tidal CO2 monitoring, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and stroke programs, as well as community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), among others. These programs and more have contributed to the 36% cardiac arrest survival rate (2012).

Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy (/ˌlærɪŋˈɡɒskəpi/) is endoscopy of the larynx, a part of the throat. It is a medical procedure that is used to obtain a view, for example, of the vocal folds and the glottis. Laryngoscopy may be performed to facilitate tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation or for surgical procedures on the larynx or other parts of the upper tracheobronchial tree.
Jed Buell
Jed Buell (May 21, 1897 - September 29, 1961) was an American film producer, director, and screenwriter who specialized in low-budget B pictures in a variety of subjects including singing cowboy films featuring midgets and black actors.

Race film
The race film or race movie was a genre of film produced in the United States between about 1915 and the early 1950s, consisting of films produced for black audiences, and featuring black casts. Approximately five hundred race films were produced. Of these, fewer than one hundred remain. Because race films were produced outside the Hollywood studio system, they were largely forgotten by mainstream film historians until they resurfaced in the 1980s on the BET cable network. In their day, race films were very popular among African-American theatergoers. Their influence continues to be felt in cinema and television marketed to African-Americans.

The term "race film" is sometimes used to describe films of the period aimed at other minority audiences. For instance, the 1926 film Silk Bouquet (also known as The Dragon Horse) starred the Asian-American actress Anna May Wong and was marketed to Chinese-American audiences.
Eighty Years' War, 1599–1609
The years 1599–1609 constituted a phase in the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568–1648) between the Spanish Empire and the emerging Dutch Republic. It followed the Ten Years (1588–1598) that saw significant conquests by the Dutch States Army under the leadership of stadtholders Maurice of Nassau and William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg, and ended with the conclusion of the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–1621) on 9 April 1609. From 1599 to 1609 the conflict largely settled into a stalemate. The Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600) yielded a Dutch tactical victory without durable strategic gains. Spain recorded successes at the Siege of Ostend (1601–1604) and during Spinola's campaign of 1605–1606, while the Dutch won a naval victory at the Battle of Gibraltar (1607); Spain also went bankrupt that year, and had to suspend payments of its troops in the Low Countries. Financial pressures were among the factors that led both sides, especially Spain, to pursue a ceasefire.

Battle of Nieuwpoort
The Battle of Nieuwpoort (also known as the Battle of the Dunes) was fought on 2 July 1600 during the Eighty Years War and the Anglo-Spanish war in the dunes near Nieuwpoort. A Dutch army met a Spanish force head-on which, although their left flank nearly broke, were able to assail them with both infantry and cavalry. The Spanish gradually scattered in all directions and left their guns on the field.
Big Lake (Arizona)
Big Lake is a reservoir in Arizona's White Mountains', with attractive size, recreational activities, and visitor amenities. As with most trout waters in Arizona, catch rates are best in spring, during late April and May after the winter ice thaws. Fishing gets even better later in the summer and into fall until the lake freezes over again in late November. Big Lake is in Apache County and is managed by the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests.

Apache County, Arizona
Apache County is a county in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. Shaped in a long rectangle running north to south, as of the 2020 census, its population was 66,021. The county seat is St. Johns.

Most of the county is occupied by part of the federally recognized Navajo Nation and the Fort Apache Indian Reservation.
Aykut Barka
Aykut Barka (December 16, 1951, Fatih, Istanbul – February 1, 2002) was a Turkish geoscientist specialized in seismology. He is best known for his contributions to understanding the behaviour of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), one of the most dangerous active faults in the world.

North Anatolian Fault
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF; Turkish: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia, and is the transform boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Anatolian sub-plate.  The fault extends westward from a junction with the East Anatolian Fault at the Karliova triple junction in eastern Turkey, across northern Turkey and into the Aegean Sea for a length of 1200−1500 kilometers. It runs about 20 km south of Istanbul.
The North Anatolian Fault is similar in many ways to the San Andreas Fault in California. Both are continental transforms with similar lengths and slip rates. The Sea of Marmara near Istanbul is an extensional basin similar to the Salton Trough in California, where a releasing bend in the strike slip system creates a pull-apart basin.
Jumping the broom
Jumping the broom (or jumping the besom) is a phrase and custom relating to a wedding ceremony in which the couple jumps over a broom. It is most widespread among African Americans and Black Canadians, popularized during the 1970s by the novel and miniseries Roots, and originated in mid-19th-century antebellum slavery in the United States. The custom is also attested in Irish weddings.

Possibly based on an 18th-century idiomatic synonym for a sham marriage (a marriage of doubtful validity), it was popularized with the introduction of civil marriage in Britain by the Marriage Act 1836. The expression may also derive from the custom of jumping over a besom ("broom" refers to the plant from which the household implement is made) associated with the Romanichal Travellers of the United Kingdom, especially those in Wales.

Romanichal
The Romanichal (UK: /ˈrɒmənɪtʃæl/ US: /-ni-/; also known as English Gypsies) are a Romani subgroup in the United Kingdom. Many Romanichal speak Angloromani, a mixed language that blends Romani vocabulary with English syntax. Romanichal residing in England, Scotland, and Wales are considered part of the Gypsy (Romani), Roma, and Traveller community.

Genetic, cultural, and linguistic findings indicate that the Romani people trace their origins to South Asia, likely in the regions of present-day Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sindh.
Reginald Marix
Air Vice Marshal Reginald Leonard George Marix, CB, DSO (17 August 1889 – 7 January 1966) was a British aviator, originally with the Royal Naval Air Service, who later reached air officer rank in the Royal Air Force. He is credited with being the first pilot to destroy a Zeppelin, when in October 1914 he bombed the airship sheds at Düsseldorf. A flying accident in 1916 ended his flying career, but he remained in the Royal Air Force, serving in various staff positions, and during the Second World War commanded two reconnaissance groups, and from 1943 to 1945 the group responsible for ferrying aircraft from North America to Europe.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Bras Rocheux
The Bras Rocheux is a tributary of the Bras d'Hamel, flowing in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the river successively crosses:

the municipality of Ferland-et-Boilleau, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality;

the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk of the same MRC;

the city of Saguenay (city).

The route 381 serves the western side of the Ha! Ha! River And cut the lower part of the "Bras Rocheux". A few other secondary forest roads serve the Arms of the "Bras Rocheux" Valley, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Rocky Arm is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.

Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality
Le Fjord-du-Saguenay  (French pronunciation: [lə fjɔʁ dy saɡnɛ], The Fjord of the Saguenay [river]) is a regional county municipality in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is Saint-Honoré, which is also its most populous municipality.

It is named for the fjord part of the Saguenay River, protruding out of the Saint Lawrence River into the southern section of the RCM. It is located adjacent to the city of Saguenay and practically surrounds it. It has a land area of 40,232.41 km2 (15,533.82 sq mi) and a Canada 2011 Census population of 20,465 inhabitants.

Le Fjord-du-Saguenay is one of the few regional county municipalities in Quebec that does not constitute its own census division; instead, it is grouped with Saguenay as the single census division of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord; the territory of the census division corresponds exactly to that of the old pre-2002 Le Fjord-du-Saguenay regional county municipality.
History of West Chester, Pennsylvania
The history of West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States, began in 1762, when Phineas Eachus and Chest Weaterson were issued a license to build a tavern. The borough was incorporated in 1799. One of the nation's first railroads was built in West Chester in 1832, and a prominent courthouse, designed by Thomas U. Walter, was completed in 1847. The first biography of Abraham Lincoln was published in the borough. Thanks to the Sharples Separator Works, West Chester became a major industrial town at the turn of the 20th century. During World War II, West Chester produced more penicillin than anywhere else in the country.

Sharples Separator Works
The Sharples Separator Works, also known as the Gumas Warehouse and Kauffman Warehouse, is an historic, American factory complex that is located in West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Black Friday (Tom Odell song)
"Black Friday" is a song by British singer-songwriter Tom Odell. It was released on 22 September 2023 as the lead single from his sixth studio album of the same title.

Upon release, the song earned attention after receiving momentum through viral popularity on TikTok, which helped the song to gain major success. In 2024, it was remixed by Belgian producer Lost Frequencies under the title "Black Friday (Pretty Like the Sun)", achieving further commercial success globally.

Black Friday (Tom Odell album)
Black Friday is the sixth studio album by British singer-songwriter Tom Odell. It was released on 26 January 2024 through UROK Management. The title track "Black Friday" was nominated for the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically on Thursday 23 May 2024.
Friedrich Ruge
Friedrich Oskar Ruge (24 December 1894 – 3 July 1985) was an officer in the German Navy and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. He served as the first commander (Inspector of the Navy) of the post-war German Navy.

Inspector of the Navy
The Inspector of the Navy (German: Inspekteur der Marine) is the commander of the Navy of the modern-day German Armed Forces, the Bundeswehr. Since the various bodies responsible for the high command of the German Navy were merged in 2012, the Inspector has been based at the Navy Command at Rostock. Before then, the Inspector was head of the Naval Staff of the Ministry of Defence, based in Bonn. Both the Inspector and his deputy hold the rank of vice admiral (German: Vizeadmiral).

The Inspector is responsible for the readiness of personnel and materiel in the German Navy, in that regard he reports directly to the Federal Minister of Defence. The Inspector commands the Navy Command; however, the subordinate departments of the Navy are led by their heads at Navy Command and do not report directly to the Inspector. The Inspector sits under the General Inspector of the Bundeswehr and is a member of the Defence Council for Bundeswehr-wide matters.
Francis V. O'Connor
Francis Valentine O'Connor (February 14, 1937 – November 20, 2017) was an American art historian who was pioneering scholar of the visual art of the New Deal and an expert on the contemporary artist Jackson Pollock.

New Deal artwork
New Deal artwork is an umbrella term used to describe the creative output organized and funded by the Roosevelt administration's New Deal response to the Great Depression. This work produced between 1933 and 1942 ranges in content and form from Dorothea Lange's photographs for the Farm Security Administration to the Coit Tower murals to the library-etiquette posters from the Federal Art Project to the architecture of the Solomon Courthouse in Nashville, Tennessee. The New Deal sought to "democratize the arts" and is credited with creating a "great body of distinguished work and fostering a national aesthetic."
Tera Pyar Nahi Bhoole
Tera Pyar Nahi Bhoole (Urdu: تیرا پیار نہیں بھولے , lit. 'Haven't Forgotten your Love') was a 2011 television series that aired on PTV. The series was written by Jahanzeb Qamar, directed by Fauzia Siddique, and produced by Rafique Ahmad Warraich. It stars Ahsan Khan and Saba Qamar in their third on-screen appearance after Dastan in 2010 and Pani Jaisa Pyar in the same year. The serial was quite popular among viewers and also won the Lux Style Awards for Best Television Play. The serial received seven nominations at the annual PTV Awards.

Ahsan Khan
Ahsan Khan (Urdu: احسن خان; born 9 October 1981) is a British Pakistani actor, producer and TV host.

He began acting in 1998 at the age of 23 with the film Nikkah. He appeared in the films Nikah, Billi, Ghar Kab Aao Gay, Sultanat, Ishq Khuda, Dil Mera Dhadkan Teri and later moved on to television.

He hosted a quiz show Hayya Allal Falah, during Ramadan. Ahsan Khan has also hosted Ramadan transmission for several years which airs on PTV Home named Ramazan Pakistan.

Khan was appointed as a CLF Goodwill Ambassador by the Children's Literature Festival on 30 July 2019.
Kilbride Castle
Kilbride Castle was a Norman castle of the Lords of Kilbride held by the de Valognes family, which became a seat of the Comyn family and has also been called Comyn's Castle. Robert the Bruce awarded it to Walter Stewart, subsequently Robert II of Scotland granted it to the Lindsay family of Dunrod Castle, Inverkip.

In 1793, historian David Ure identified the castle's site as Laigh Mains motte, located just to the north of the later Mains Castle in the parish of East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

David Ure
David Ure (1749 – 28 March 1798), was a Scottish Presbyterian minister, historian, geologist and early Scottish palaeontologist. He has been called "the father of Scottish palaeontology"; his book The History of Rutherglen and East-Kilbride contains the first technical illustrations of fossils in Scotland.