hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Columbaves
Columbaves is a taxon that contains Columbimorphae (pigeons, mesites, and sandgrouse) and Otidimorphae (bustards, cuckoos, and turacos) discovered by genomic analysis by Prum et al. (2015). This conflicts with the Columbea and Otidae hypotheses in which Mirandornithes are the sister taxon to Columbimorphae and Cypselomorphae the sister taxon to Otidimorphae, respectively, found by Jarvis et al. (2014). Neither hypothesis supports the two subdivisions of Metaves and Coronoaves as previous studies had found.

In 2020 Kuhl et al. sequenced 3-prime untranslated region (3’UTR) from 429 species and 379 genera of birds found support of Columbaves in their study. However they have found that cuckoos are the sister group to pigeons within Columbimorphae instead as shown in the cladogram below:

Metaves
Metaves ("other birds") is a controversial group proposed by Fain & Houde (2004) and later rescued on the studies of Ericson et al. (2006) and Hackett et al. (2008). This group consists of several lineages that diversified early in Neornithes evolution. These lineages include Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightjars and allies), pigeons, sandgrouses, mesites, Eurypygae (sunbittern and kagu), tropicbirds and Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes), but the exact members of Metaves and their relationship differs between those studies, and the group is only supported by the β-fibrinogen gene.
Gravitation water vortex power plant
The gravitation water vortex power plant is a type of micro-hydro-vortex turbine system which converts energy in a moving fluid to rotational energy using a low hydraulic head of 0.7–3 metres (2 ft 4 in – 9 ft 10 in). This technology is based on a round basin with a central drain. Above the drain, the water forms a stable line vortex which drives a water turbine.

Precourse designs were patented in 1877 and 1967.

The specific design described here, the Kouris Centri Turbine, was first patented by Greek-Australian lawyer and inventor Paul Kouris in 1996, who was searching for a way to harness the power inherent in a vortex.

Later, Austrian Inventor Franz Zotlöterer created a similar turbine while attempting to find a way to aerate water without an external power source.

Aeration
Aeration (also called aerification or aeriation) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or other substances that act as a fluid (such as soil). Aeration processes create additional surface area in the mixture, allowing greater chemical or suspension reactions.
Tumor M2-PK
Tumor M2-PK is a synonym for the dimeric form of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme within tumor metabolism. Tumor M2-PK can be elevated in many tumor types, rather than being an organ-specific tumor marker such as PSA. Increased stool (fecal) levels are being investigated as a method of screening for colorectal tumors, and EDTA plasma levels are undergoing testing for possible application in the follow-up of various cancers.

Sandwich ELISAs based on two monoclonal antibodies which specifically recognize Tumor M2-PK (the dimeric form of M2-PK) are available for the quantification of Tumor M2-PK in stool and EDTA-plasma samples respectively. As a biomarker, the amount of Tumor M2-PK in stool and EDTA-plasma reflects the specific metabolic status of the tumors.

Tumor marker
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor therapy.

Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer.

The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging.
Bartolomeo Arese, il Vecchio
Bartolomeo II Arese, il Vecchio (1508–1562) was Treasurer-General for the Duchy of Milan under Francesco II Sforza and Signore of the Pieve of Seveso.

Descended from the Arese family, Bartolomeo was Royal Exchequer for Military pay and later treasurer of Milan during the fall of the Sforza and the rise of Spanish Habsburg control of Milan. In 1538 Bartolomeo il Vecchio acquired signoria of the Pieve of Seveso under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Following the rule of Philip II, King of Spain, he laid the foundations for a century of governance of Milan and its domains by his descendants, Giulio I and Bartolomeo III.

Signoria
A signoria (Italian: [siɲɲoˈriːa])  was the governing authority in many of the Italian city-states during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
The word signoria comes from signore (Italian: [siɲˈɲoːre]), or "lord", an abstract noun meaning (roughly) "government", "governing authority", de facto "sovereignty", "lordship"; pl.: signorie.
Swish (payment)
Swish (Swedish pronunciation: [swɪʂː] or [svɪʂː]) is a mobile payment system in Sweden.  The service was launched in 2012 by six large Swedish banks, in cooperation with Bankgirot and the Central Bank of Sweden. It had 8 million users as of July 2022 (total Swedish population: 10.2 million).

Sveriges Riksbank
Sveriges Riksbank, or simply the Riksbank, is the central bank of Sweden. Established in 1668 by the Riksdag, it is the world's oldest surviving central bank, and the third oldest bank in continuous operation.

Prior to  World War I, it was also the only state-owned central bank outside of the Russian Empire.

It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
Holden SS
The SS was an option package for a range of Holden vehicles, featuring V8 engines, unique interiors, body kits, louder and higher flowing exhaust systems, that generally express a more aggressive and performance-centered feel over non-SS models. The SS badge is an acronym for "Super Sport", and was initially used in 1961 by General Motors, Holden's parent company.

The VE & VF Commodore SS V models are somewhat closely related in design philosophy to the Cadillac V series, As shown by the badge.

Holden Commodore (VF)
The Holden Commodore (VF) is a full-size car that was produced from June 2013 to October 2017 by Holden, the former Australian subsidiary of General Motors. It was available under the luxury Holden Calais nameplate; utility models were sold as the Holden Ute.

It succeeded the VE series, and was the second iteration of the fourth generation of the Holden Commodore. It was the last model in the series to be manufactured in Australia. It was offered as a sedan and wagon. The long-wheelbase Holden Caprice (WN) released in 2013.

From 2013 to 2017 the VF Commodore was rebadged in the United States as the Chevrolet SS. Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) sold VF Commodore-based models in the Gen-F series, HSV also sold models in the United Kingdom under Vauxhall VXR8 range.

In December 2013, General Motors (GM) announced that it would discontinue all Australian production in 2017.
Venues of the 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games
The following is the list of venues for the 2023 Pan American Games and 2023 Parapan American Games held in Santiago, Chile and surrounding cities from October 20 to November 5, 2023 and from November 17 to 25, 2023 respectively.

A total of 41 competition venues will be used to stage the sporting events. Various venues across Santiago and various other cities will be used for the games, including Viña del Mar, Valparaíso and Algarrobo. In March 2022, the first venue for the games was officially inaugurated: the field hockey stadium on the National Stadium Grounds.

In June 2022, organizers revealed the final venue plan consisting of 41 competition venues in four regions of the country: Santiago, Valparaíso, O'Higgins and Biobío.

O'Higgins Region
The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, pronounced [liβeɾtaˈðoɾ xeneˈɾal βeɾˈnaɾðo oˈçiɣins]), often shortened to O'Higgins Region (Spanish: Región de O'Higgins), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is subdivided into three provinces. It is named in honour of Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, one of Chile's founding fathers.

The Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region is bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean, to the east by the Republic of Argentina, to the north by the Valparaíso and Santiago Metropolitan Regions, and to the south by the Maule Region. It extends approximately between the parallels of 33° 51' and 35° 01' south latitude, and between the meridian of 70° 02' west longitude and the Pacific Ocean.

The capital and largest city of the region is Rancagua. The second major town is San Fernando.
Brian Lenihan Jnr
Brian Joseph Lenihan (21 May 1959 – 10 June 2011) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Finance from 2008 to 2011, Deputy leader of Fianna Fáil from March 2011 to June 2011, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform from 2007 to 2008 and Minister of State for Children from 2002 to 2007. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Dublin West from 1996 until his death in 2011.

Minister of State for Children
The Minister of State for Children was a junior ministerial post in the Departments of Health and Children, Justice and Law Reform and Education and Skills of the Government of Ireland. The Minister of State worked together with the various senior Ministers in these departments and had special responsibility for children's affairs.

The first Minister of State with responsibility for Children was appointed on 20 December 1994. There has not been a Minister of State with this responsibility since the creation of the full cabinet position of Minister for Children and Youth Affairs in March 2011.
Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences
The Conservatory of Recording Arts and Sciences (informally Cras) is an American private for-profit technical school specializing in audio recording, audio engineering and production education with its main location in Tempe, Arizona and a satellite campus in Gilbert, Arizona. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges and approved by the Arizona State Board of Private Postsecondary Education.

Gilbert, Arizona
Gilbert is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. Located southeast of Phoenix, Gilbert had a population of 293,630 as of 2023. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in Arizona and is considered a suburb of Phoenix. Gilbert is the most populous incorporated town in the United States and has been described as the “largest town in America.”

Incorporated on July 6, 1920, Gilbert was once known as the "Hay Shipping Capital of the World".
HP OpenView
HP OpenView is the former name for a Hewlett-Packard product family that consisted of network and systems management products. In 2007, HP OpenView was rebranded as HP BTO (Business Technology Optimization) Software when it became part of the HP Software Division. The products were available as various HP products, marketed through the HP Software Division. HP Software became part of HPE after the HP/HPE split and HPE Software was eventually sold to MicroFocus.

HP OpenView software provided large-scale system and network management of an organization's IT infrastructure. It included optional modules from HP as well as third-party management software, which connected within a common framework and communicated with one another.

Micro Focus
Micro Focus International plc was a British multinational software and information technology business based in Newbury, Berkshire, England. The firm provided software and consultancy. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange until it was acquired by the Canadian software firm OpenText in January 2023.
2007 Saudi Crown Prince Cup final
The 2007 Saudi Crown Prince Cup final was the 32nd final of the Crown Prince Cup, Saudi Arabia's main football knock-out competition at the time.

It took place on 27 April 2007 at the Prince Abdullah Al Faisal Stadium in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and was contested between city rivals Al-Ittihad and Al-Ahli. It was Al-Ahli's tenth Crown Prince Cup final and Al-Ittihad's 11th. This was the fourth meeting between these two clubs in the final.

Al-Ahli won the game 2–1 to secure their fifth title and first since 2002. As winners of the 2006–07 Saudi Crown Prince Cup, Al-Ahli qualified for the 2008 AFC Champions League group stage.

2006–07 Saudi Crown Prince Cup
The 2006–07 Crown Prince Cup was the 32nd season of the Saudi premier knockout tournament since its establishment in 1957. It started with the Qualifying Rounds on 30 November 2006 and concluded with the final on 27 April 2007.

Premier League side Al-Hilal were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Al-Ahli in the Semi-finals. Al-Ahli won their fifth Crown Prince Cup title and their first since 2002. As winners of the tournament, Al-Ahli qualified for the 2008 AFC Champions League group stage.
Freeplane
Freeplane is a free, open source software application for creating mind maps  (diagrams of connections between ideas), and electronic outlines. Written in Java, it is supported on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux, and is licensed under the GNU GPL version "2 or later".

In 2007, Freeplane was forked from the FreeMind project. Freeplane maintains partial file format compatibility with FreeMind, fully supporting the FreeMind XML file format, but adds features and tags not supported by FreeMind, which FreeMind ignores on loading.

Mind map
A mind map is a  diagram used to visually organize information into a hierarchy, showing relationships among pieces of the whole. It is often based on a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added. Major ideas are connected directly to the central concept, and other ideas branch out from those major ideas.

Mind maps can also be drawn by hand, either as "notes" during a lecture, meeting or planning session, for example, or as higher quality pictures when more time is available. Mind maps are considered to be a type of spider diagram.
Idiat Amusu
Idiat Aderemi Amusu (born 27 November 1952, in Kano) is a Nigerian engineer. She is the first female agricultural engineer in Nigeria and the first female council member of the Council for the Regulation noof Engineering in Nigeria (COREN). She was among the original founding members of the Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN) in 1983. She was also the fourth President of the Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN).

Agricultural engineering
Agricultural engineering, also known as agricultural and biosystems engineering, is the field of study and application of engineering science and designs principles for agriculture purposes, combining the various disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical, food science, environmental, software, and chemical engineering to improve the efficiency of farms and agribusiness enterprises as well as to ensure sustainability of natural and renewable resources.

An agricultural engineer is an engineer with an agriculture background. Agricultural engineers make the engineering designs and plans in an agricultural project, usually in partnership with an agriculturist who is more proficient in farming and agricultural science.
Ixworth chicken
The Ixworth is a British breed of white domestic chicken. It is named for the village of Ixworth in Suffolk, where it was created in 1932. It was bred as fast-growing high-quality meat breed with reasonable laying abilities.: 153

Ixworth
Ixworth is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk, England, 6 miles (9.7 km) north-east of Bury St Edmunds on the A143 road to Diss and 9 miles (14 km) south-east of Thetford. The parish had a population of 2,365 at the 2011 Census.
Norton Commando
The Norton Commando is a British Norton-Villiers motorcycle with an OHV pre-unit parallel-twin engine, produced by the Norton Motorcycle company from 1967 until 1977. Initially having a nominal 750 cc displacement, actually 745 cc (45.5 cu in), in 1973 it became an 850 cc, actually 828 cc (50.5 cu in). It had a hemi-type head, similar to all OHV Norton engines since the early 1920s.

During its ten years of production, the Commando was popular all over the world. In the United Kingdom it won the Motor Cycle News "Machine of the Year" award for five successive years from 1968 to 1972. Around 60,000 Commandos were made in total.

Norton Dominator
The Dominator is a twin cylinder motorcycle developed by Norton to compete against the Triumph Speed Twin. The original Dominator was designed in 1947 and 1948 by Bert Hopwood, who had been on the Speed Twin design team at Triumph.
Available for sale from mid 1949, this design set the pattern for Norton twins for the next 30 years.
Frederick J. Brown
Frederick J. Brown (February 6, 1945 – May 5, 2012) was a New York City based visual artist originally from Chicago. His style ranges from abstract expressionism to figurative. His art work was influenced by historical, religious, narrative and urban themes. He is noted for his extensive portrait series of jazz and blues musicians.

His work is part of the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and National Portrait Gallery, as well as the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art in Kansas City, Mo.  In 1988, Brown had the first solo exhibition by a Western artist at the Museum of the Chinese Revolution (now the National Museum of China) in Tienanmen Square in Beijing, China.

National Museum of China
The National Museum of China is an art and history museum located on the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The National Museum of China has a total construction area of about 200,000 square meters, a collection of more than 1.4 million items, and 48 exhibition halls. It is the museum with the largest single building area in the world and the museum with the richest collection of Chinese cultural relics. It is a level-1 public welfare institution funded by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
Christmas in Ukraine
In Ukraine, Christmas celebrations traditionally start on Christmas Eve, (which is now 24 December) and last until 6 January, the date of the celebration of the baptism of Jesus, known in Ukraine as Vodokhreshche or Yordan, according to the Gregorian calendar and Revised Julian calendar by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), the Catholic Church in Ukraine (including the Latin and Greek Catholics) and Ukrainian Protestants.

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (except for the Romanian parishes) and some parishes of the OCU celebrate Christmas according to the Julian calendar, so the Gregorian holidays last from 6 January to 19 January.

Christmas was largely erased from the Ukrainian calendar for much of the 20th century due to the Soviet Union's anti-religious policies, but many of its traditions survived and are being revived again. In 2023, for the first time since 1917, Christmas Day in Ukraine was officially on 25 December.

Koliada
Koliada or koleda (Cyrillic: каляда, коляда, коледа, колада, коледе) is the traditional  Slavic name for the period from Christmas to Epiphany or, more generally, for Slavic Christmas-related rituals, some dating to  pre-Christian times. It represents a festival or holiday, celebrated at the end of December to honor the sun during the Northern-hemisphere winter solstice. It also involves groups of singers who visit houses to sing  carols.
Order of integration (calculus)
In calculus, interchange of the order of integration is a methodology that transforms iterated integrals (or multiple integrals through the use of Fubini's theorem) of functions into other, hopefully simpler, integrals by changing the order in which the integrations are performed.  In some cases, the order of integration can be validly interchanged; in others it cannot.

Multiple integral
In mathematics (specifically multivariable calculus), a multiple integral is a definite integral of a function of several real variables, for instance, f(x, y) or f(x, y, z).

Integrals of a function of two variables over a region in  (the real-number plane) are called double integrals, and integrals of a function of three variables over a region in  (real-number 3D space) are called triple integrals.
NorCal Regionals 2016
NorCal Regionals 2016 (sometimes shortened as NCR 2016) was a Street Fighter V tournament that took place in Sacramento, California on March 25–27. Being one of the eleven Premier Events of the 2016 Capcom Pro Tour, the winner of the tournament automatically qualified for the Capcom Cup in December 2016. As the 14th NorCal Regionals event, NCR 2016 featured a "Pool of Death", where players registering "at the door" rather than in advance were punished by being placed in the same pool with one another. The Pool of Death was won by Vietnamese player Marn, who was knocked out of the Top 8 by Tokido. The tournament was won by Infiltration, who dominated the competition throughout the finals.

Infiltration (gamer)
Lee Seon-woo (Korean: 이선우), known as Infiltration, is a professional esports player from Seoul, South Korea, specializing in fighting games. Lee is a six-time Evolution Championship Series (EVO) champion; winning Super Street Fighter IV Arcade Edition v2012 in 2012, Street Fighter X Tekken in 2012 and 2013, Street Fighter V in 2016 and 2018 (EVO Japan)  and Samurai Shodown in 2019.

Lee was fired from his team, Panda Global, in November 2018 after the organization learned of a domestic abuse case he was convicted for the year before.
The Ballad of Andy Crocker
The Ballad of Andy Crocker is a 1969 American made-for-television film produced by Thomas/Spelling Productions, which was first broadcast by ABC on November 18, 1969, in the anthology series ABC Movie of the Week.

The film tells the story of a young man's struggle to reclaim his life after fighting in the Vietnam War. It tells a surreal, allegorical tale, similarly to The Swimmer starring Burt Lancaster. Written by actor Stuart Margolin, the film is notable as being one of the first films to deal with the subject matter of Vietnam veterans "coming home".  It is also noted for its unusual casting, which placed a number of noted musical artists in key acting roles, including Jimmy Dean and Marvin Gaye.

Aaron Spelling
Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the television series Family (1976–1980); Charlie's Angels (1976–1981); The Love Boat (1977–1986); Hart to Hart (1979–1984); Dynasty (1981–1989); Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000); Melrose Place (1992–1999); 7th Heaven (1996–2007); and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of The Mod Squad (1968–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976) and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).

Through his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in American television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.