hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Farley–Buneman instability
The Farley–Buneman instability, or FB instability, is a microscopic plasma instability named after Donald T. Farley and Oscar Buneman. It is similar to the ionospheric Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

It occurs in collisional plasma with neutral component, and is driven by drift currents. It can be thought of as a modified two-stream instability arising from the difference in drifts of electrons and ions exceeding the ion acoustic speed. It occurs in collisional plasma with neutrals driven by drift current for two stream instability for unmagnetized plasma it becomes "Buneman instability".

It is present in the equatorial and polar ionospheric E-regions. In particular, it occurs in the equatorial electrojet due to the drift of electrons relative to ions, and also in the trails behind ablating meteoroids.

Since the FB fluctuations can scatter electromagnetic waves, the instability can be used to diagnose the state of ionosphere by the use of electromagnetic pulses.

Instability
In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds.  Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.

In structural engineering, a structural beam or column can become unstable when excessive compressive load is applied. Beyond a certain threshold, structural deflections magnify stresses, which in turn increases deflections. This can take the form of buckling or crippling. The general field of study is called structural stability.

Atmospheric instability is a major component of all weather systems on Earth.
2020 German Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 German Figure Skating Championships (German: Deutsche Meisterschaften im Eiskunstlaufen 2020) were held on January 1–3, 2020 at the Eissportzentrum Oberstdorf in Oberstdorf. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's and women's singles at the senior level and pair skating and ice dance at the senior, junior, and novice levels.

Single skating competitions at the junior and novice levels were held on December 13–15, 2019, at the Eissportzentrum Herzogenried in Mannheim.

The results of the national championships were among the criteria used to choose the German teams for the 2020 European Championships, 2020 Winter Youth Olympics, 2020 World Championships, and 2020 Junior World Championships.

2020 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2020 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Graz, Austria, on 20–26 January 2020. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation at the 2021 European Championships.
Sati Savitri (1978 film)
Sati Savitri is a 1978 Telugu-language Hindu mythological film directed by B. A. Subba Rao. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Krishnam Raju, Vanisri and music composed by Ghantasala & Pendyala Nageswara Rao. It is produced by A. Sankar Reddy under the Lalitha Siva Jyothi Studios. The film is based on the story of Savitri and Satyavan.

Pendyala (composer)
Pendyala Nageswara Rao (6 March 1917 – 31 August 1984), known mononymously by his surname Pendyala, was an Indian composer, multi-instrumentalist, conductor, music producer known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema along with Tamil and Kannada films.
Rachel Ankeny
Rachel Ankeny FAHA FASSA was appointed as Chair and Professor of philosophy at Wageningen University in 2024. She was previously Professor of history and philosophy at the University of Adelaide, where she worked from 2006–24 and served as Deputy Dean Research (Faculty of Arts) from 2011–22. She remains affiliated as an honorary professor at Adelaide.

In 2020, she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) "for her contributions to our understanding of the foundational roles that organisms play in biological research and her leadership in history and philosophy of science." She is currently the past president of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB) and Editor-in-Chief of Studies in History and Philosophy of Science.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
Grafton Kenyon
Grafton Irving Kenyon (March 18, 1882 – January 16, 1960) was an American businessman, politician, and military officer from South Kingstown, Rhode Island, who served as a member of both the Rhode Island House of Representatives and the Rhode Island Senate. Kenyon was the first Scoutmaster in Rhode Island, serving as the first Scoutmaster of Troop 1, Wakefield, the oldest Boy Scout Troop in the state.

South Kingstown, Rhode Island
South Kingstown is a town in, and the county seat of, Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 31,931 at the 2020 census. South Kingstown is the second largest town in Rhode Island by total geographic area, behind New Shoreham, and the third largest town in Rhode Island by geographic land area, behind Exeter and Coventry.
Frank Sancet
Francisco Sancet (August 24, 1907 - March 22, 1985) was an American baseball coach and catcher. He served as the head baseball coach at the University of Arizona from 1950 to 1972, compiling a record of 831–275–10. He played college baseball for Phoenix College from 1926 to 1927 before transferring to Arizona where he played for coach Pop McKale from 1928 to 1929 before playing professionally.

Arizona Wildcats baseball
The Arizona Wildcats baseball team is the intercollegiate men's baseball program representing the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, United States. They compete in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) of NCAA Division I.

Arizona has won four college baseball national championships (1976, 1980, 1986 and 2012), the first three under Jerry Kindall and the most recent under Andy Lopez. The team has appeared in the College World Series Championship Game or Series on four other occasions (1956, 1959, 1963, and 2016). The Wildcats have appeared in 44 NCAA baseball tournaments in their rich history. Arizona ranks ninth in all-time wins and eight in all-time win percentage, with an all-time record of 3,068–1,674–22 (.646) as of the 2025 season.  Arizona fielded its first team in 1905.
Presidential Museum and Library (Philippines)
The Presidential Museum and Library, formerly the Malacañang Museum, is a museum and library institution of the Philippine government. An agency under the Office of the President, it is tasked responsible for preserving, managing, and promoting the history and heritage of the Philippine Presidency as well as the Malacañang Palace.

Office of the President of the Philippines
The Office of the President of the Philippines (OP; Filipino: Tanggapan ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is an administrative, advisory, and consultative government agency of the Philippine government that aids the president in performing their duty as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government.

The office is housed within the Malacañang Palace complex in San Miguel, Manila.
Cutaway van chassis
Cutaway van chassis are used by second stage manufacturers for a wide range of completed motor vehicles. Especially popular in the United States, they are usually based upon incomplete vans made by manufacturers such as Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors which are generally equipped with heavier duty components than most of their complete products. To these incomplete vehicles, a second stage manufacturer adds specific equipment and completes the vehicle. Common applications of this type of vehicle design and  manufacturing includes small trucks, school buses, recreational vehicles, minibuses, and ambulances.  The term "cutaway" can be somewhat of a misnomer in most of the vehicle's context since it refers to truck bodies for heavy-duty commercial-grade applications sharing a common truck chassis.

Recreational vehicle
A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, coaches, caravans (also known as travel trailers and campers), fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers, and truck campers.

Typical amenities of an RV include a kitchen, a bathroom, and one or more beds. RVs can range from utilitarian – containing only sleeping quarters and basic cooking facilities – to luxurious, with features like air conditioning (AC), water heaters, televisions and satellite receivers, and quartz countertops.
Cypriot literature
Cypriot literature covers literature from Cyprus found mainly in Greek, Turkish, English and/or other languages, including French. The modern Cypriot Greek dialect belongs to the Southeastern group of Modern Greek dialects.

Cypriot Greek
Cypriot Greek (Greek: κυπριακή ελληνική, locally [cipriaˈci elːiniˈci] or κυπριακά [cipriaˈka]) is the variety of Modern Greek that is spoken by the majority of the Cypriot populace and Greek Cypriot diaspora. It is considered a divergent dialect as it differs from Standard Modern Greek in various aspects of its lexicon, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and even pragmatics, not only for historical reasons but also because of geographical isolation, and extensive contact with typologically distinct languages.
Body Void
Body Void is an American sludge metal/doom metal band, formed in 2014 in San Francisco, California (before relocating to Winooski, Vermont in 2019). Originally known as Devoid, they currently consist of vocalist/guitarist Willow Ryan, drummer Eddie Holgerson, and soundscapist Janys-Iren Faughn. They have released four studio albums, including the Prosthetic Records releases Bury Me Beneath This Rotting Earth (2021) and Atrocity Machine (2023), the latter of which was critically acclaimed. The band have been noted for their exceptionally heavy sound, use of noise and industrial elements, and prominent queer and political themes.

Winooski, Vermont
Winooski /wɪˈnuːski/ is a city in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. Located on the Winooski River, as of the 2020 U.S. census the municipal population was 7,997. The city is the most densely populated municipality in northern New England, an area comprising the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. It is the smallest of Vermont's 10 cities by area, though the city of Vergennes has the smallest population. As part of the Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area, it is bordered by Burlington, Colchester, and South Burlington.
Summer of the Seventeenth Doll (opera)
Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is a chamber opera in two acts by Richard Mills to a libretto by Peter Goldsworthy, based on the play of the same name by Ray Lawler. The opera was commissioned by the Victoria State Opera and premiered on 19 October 1996 at the Playhouse in Melbourne. It lasts about two hours. It was live simulcast on ABC Classic FM on Australia Day (26 January) 1997

Mills also used this musical material for his Symphonic Picture from Summer of the Seventeenth Doll.

For plot details, see the article on the play Summer of the Seventeenth Doll.

Summer of the Seventeenth Doll
Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is an Australian play written by Ray Lawler and first performed at the Union Theatre in Melbourne on 28 November 1955. The play is considered to be the most significant in Australian theatre history, and a "turning point", openly and authentically portraying distinctly Australian life and characters. It was one of the first truly naturalistic "Australian" theatre productions.

It was originally published by Angus & Robertson, before moving to Fontana Press and then Currency Press.
Elections in Rivers State
Elections in Rivers State are supervised and conducted by two major electoral bodies, Rivers State Independent Electoral Commission (RSIEC) and the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). There are 23 local government areas, 319 electoral wards and 4442 polling units in the state. Elections for Governor and the House of Assembly are held every four years, along with federal elections for President and the National Assembly.

Rivers State organizes elections into its local governments through the State Independent Electoral Commission. Each local government area is governed by a local government council under an elected Chairman or Mayor.

National Assembly (Nigeria)
The National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a bicameral legislature established under section 4 of the Constitution of Nigeria The body consists of 109 members of the Senate and 360 members from the House of Representatives; There are three senators from each of the States of Nigeria and one senator representing the Federal Capital Territory and single-member district, plurality voting in the House of Representatives.
Jody Gibson
Jody Gibson (known as Babydol; 1957 – January 2, 2022) was an American madam, writer and actress who was active in Hollywood in the late 1980s through the 1990s.

Using the pseudonym "Sasha of the Valley", Gibson operated an "escort agency" in Hollywood, employing several hundred women across 16 states of the United States and in Europe. In June 1999, she was arrested on charges of pimping and conspiracy; subsequently being convicted, she served 22 months of imprisonment in the Central California Women's Facility.

Procuring (prostitution)
Procuring, pimping, or pandering is the facilitation or provision of a prostitute or other sex worker in the arrangement of a sex act with a customer. A procurer, often called a pimp if male, or a madam if female, (though the term "pimp" is often used for female procurers as well) or a brothel keeper, is an agent for prostitutes who collects part of their earnings. The procurer may receive this money in return for advertising services, physical protection, or for providing and possibly monopolizing a location where the prostitute may solicit clients. Like prostitution, the legality of certain actions of a madam or a pimp vary from one region to the next.

Examples of procuring include: helping to support trafficking a person into a country for the purpose of soliciting sex; operating a business where prostitution occurs; transporting a prostitute to the location of their arrangement; and deriving financial gain from the prostitution of another.
Desmond Morton (historian)
Desmond Dillon Paul Morton OC CD FRSC (September 10, 1937 – September 4, 2019) was a Canadian historian and political advisor who specialized in the history of the Canadian military, as well as the history of Canadian political and industrial relations.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
Hazuki Watanabe
Hazuki Watanabe (渡部 葉月, born 7 August 2004) is a Japanese artistic gymnast. She is the 2022 World Champion on the balance beam. She was part of the bronze medal winning team at the 2022 Asian Championships.  Additionally she represented Japan at the inaugural Junior World Championships.

2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Liverpool, United Kingdom at the Liverpool Arena, from 29 October to 6 November 2022. The United Kingdom previously hosted this event in 1993 (Birmingham), 2009 (London) and 2015 (Glasgow).

The championships is a qualification event for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. The top three teams in both the men's and women's team finals obtained five quota places for Paris as a team.
2025 CONCACAF Beach Soccer Championship
The 2025 CONCACAF Beach Soccer Championship was the eleventh edition of the CONCACAF Beach Soccer Championship, the premier beach soccer tournament contested by CONCACAF teams. The tournament took place at the Malcolm Park Beach Soccer Facility in Nassau, Bahamas.

The two finalists qualified to the 2025 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. The defending champions, United States, lost to eventual champions El Salvador in the semi-finals.

2025 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
The 2025 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup was the 13th edition of the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup, the premier international beach soccer championship contested by men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. Overall, this was the 23rd edition of a world cup in beach soccer since the establishment of the Beach Soccer World Championships which ran from 1995 to 2004 but was not governed by FIFA; the World Cup took place annually until 2009 when it then became a biennial event.

It took place in Victoria, capital of Seychelles, on Mahé island, between 1 and 11 May 2025. This was the first time that Seychelles hosted a FIFA tournament, and the first edition of the World Cup to be played in Africa.

Brazil were the defending champions and successfully retained their title, defeating Belarus 4–3 in the final to claim their seventh FIFA title, and sixteenth overall.
Boksburg explosion
The Boksburg explosion took place on 24 December 2022, when a fuel tanker carrying liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) exploded underneath a railway bridge in Boksburg, in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, with a death toll of 41 people as of 18 January 2023. Nearby infrastructure was damaged by the explosion.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
RF CMOS
RF CMOS is a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology that integrates radio-frequency (RF), analog and digital electronics on a mixed-signal CMOS (complementary MOS) RF circuit chip. It is widely used in modern wireless telecommunications, such as cellular networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS receivers, broadcasting, vehicular communication systems, and the radio transceivers in all modern mobile phones and wireless networking devices. RF CMOS technology was pioneered by Pakistani engineer Asad Ali Abidi at UCLA during the late 1980s to early 1990s, and helped bring about the wireless revolution with the introduction of digital signal processing in wireless communications. The development and design of RF CMOS devices was enabled by van der Ziel's FET RF noise model, which was published in the early 1960s and remained largely forgotten until the 1990s.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
Tony Veitch
Tony Colin Veitch (born 1973) is a New Zealand former reporter and sports broadcaster. He hosted a Radio Sport breakfast show and Television New Zealand's ONE News 6pm sports news. Veitch resigned from all broadcasting roles in the wake of domestic violence revelations in 2008 and a conviction in 2009, but later regained significant roles at Newstalk ZB and Radio Sport, until late 2017.

1News
1News is the news service of the New Zealand television network TVNZ. Its flagship programme is the daily evening newscast 1News at Six; other programmes include morning news-talk show Breakfast, Te Karere, Seven Sharp, and Sunday morning political affairs program Q+A. TVNZ also operates a news website and app, 1News.co.nz. TVNZ's Chief News and Content Officer, Nadia Tolich, was appointed in April 2025.

Broadcast from its Auckland studios, 1News' nightly 6pm bulletin is usually New Zealand's most-watched television programme and seen as influential. TVNZ operates bureaus in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch and has foreign correspondents based in Australia, Europe and the United States.
Podengo Galego
The Podengo Galego is a traditional Spanish breed of warren hound from the autonomous community of Galicia in north-western Spain.  It is recognised by the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación – the Spanish ministry of agriculture – and by the Xunta de Galicia, but not by the Real Sociedad Canina de España.

It is one of four traditional breeds of Galicia, the others being the Can de Palleiro, the Guicho or Quisquelo, and the Perdigueiro Galego. It is related to the medium-sized variety of the Podengo Português of northern Portugal.: 585

Warren hound
The warren hounds are a group of Mediterranean rabbit-hunting dog breeds. In Spanish, this type of breed is called podenco, in Catalan coniller, and in Portuguese podengo.

Most warren hounds have erect ears, a smooth (or in some cases, wire) coat, a slender body, and a whip-like tail. The Cretan hound usually has rose-ears and a curly or curved tail, while the Barrocal Algarvio is long-haired, and the Podenco Paternino and some Campaneros have a robust, almost mastiff-like body.

Unlike hounds or sighthounds which rely on just one sense, warren hounds tend to work with three senses: smell, sight and hearing.