hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cauchy space
In general topology and analysis, a Cauchy space is a generalization of metric spaces and uniform spaces for which the notion of Cauchy convergence still makes sense.  Cauchy spaces were introduced by H. H. Keller in 1968, as an axiomatic tool derived from the idea of a Cauchy filter, in order to study completeness in topological spaces. The category of Cauchy spaces and Cauchy continuous maps is Cartesian closed, and contains the category of proximity spaces.

Uniform space
In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties, such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. Uniform spaces generalize metric spaces and topological groups, but the concept is designed to formulate the weakest axioms needed for most proofs in analysis.

In addition to the usual properties of a topological structure, in a uniform space one formalizes the notions of relative closeness and closeness of points.  In other words, ideas like "x is closer to a than y is to b" make sense in uniform spaces.  By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A,B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A (i.e., in the closure of A), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.
Doris Daou
Doris Daou (born 1964) is a Lebanese-born Canadian-American astronomer who was formerly the Director for Education and Public Outreach of the NASA Lunar Science Institute and the associate director of the NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI), and is currently the program contact for NASA's "Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx)".

Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
The Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI), originally the NASA Lunar Science Institute, is an organization, established by NASA in 2008, that supplemented and extended existing NASA lunar science programs. Supported by the NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), SSERVI is a NASA program office located at the NASA Ames Research Center and was modeled on the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) with dispersed teams across the nation working together to help lead the agency's research activities related to NASA's human exploration goals. Competitively selected team investigations focused on one or more aspects of lunar science investigations of the Moon (including lunar samples), from the Moon, and on the Moon.

In 2013 the NLSI became the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute and expanded its scope to include Near-Earth asteroids and Phobos and Deimos.
FC Neftchi Kochkor-Ata
Football Club Neftchi Kochkor-Ata (Kyrgyz: Нефтчи Кочкор-Ата Футбол Клубу, Neftçi Qoçqor-Ata Futbol Klubu) is a Kyrgyz professional football club based in Kochkor-Ata. Founded in 1960, the club competes in the Kyrgyz Premier League.

Kyrgyz Premier League
The Kyrgyz Premier League (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Премьер Лигасы, romanized: Kyrgyz Premier Ligasy) or OLIMPBET Premier League for sponsorship purposes is the top division of professional football in Kyrgyzstan. It was created in 1992 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The league is composed of eight teams. The most successful team is Dordoi Bishkek which has won the league thirteen times.

The winner of the league earns a spot in the AFC Challenge League, Asia's third club continental competition. The team with the worst record at the end of each season is demoted to the Kyrgyzstan League Second Level.
Sydney Philip Smith
Captain Sydney Philip Smith DSO, (10 May 1896 – 6 April 1918) was a British First World War flying ace, who was credited with five aerial victories, before being shot down and killed, the 76th victory of Manfred von Richthofen.

Victor Maslin Yeates
Victor Maslin Yeates (30 September 1897 — 15 December 1934), often abbreviated to V. M. Yeates, was a British fighter pilot in World War I. He wrote Winged Victory, a semi-autobiographical work widely regarded as one of the most realistic accounts of aerial combat and the futility of war.
156th Wing
The 156th Wing is a unit of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard (PR ANG), stationed at Muñiz Air National Guard Base, in Carolina, Puerto Rico. If activated to federal service with the United States Air Force, the wing is operationally gained by the Air Mobility Command (AMC). It was first activated as the 156th Tactical Fighter Group in 1962.

The wing's flying unit, the 198th Airlift Squadron (198 AS), was inactivated circa 2019.

Air Mobility Command
The Air Mobility Command (AMC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the U.S. Air Force. It is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, east of St. Louis, Missouri, near Mascoutah, Illinois.

Air Mobility Command was established on 1 June 1992 and was formed from elements of the inactivated Military Airlift Command (MAC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC).  AMC melded MAC's worldwide airlift system of primarily C-5 Galaxy, C-141 Starlifter (later replaced by C-17 Globemaster III beginning in 1995), and C-130 Hercules airlift aircraft with SAC's tanker force of KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft, the latter air refueling aircraft having been freed from their strategic nuclear strike commitment to SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bomber fleet by the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  In 2016, the Air Force Historical Research Agency consolidated the histories of AMC and MAC, extending AMC's lineage back to 1941.
Sussex Militia
The Sussex Militia was an auxiliary military force in Sussex on the South Coast of England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1572 they defended the coastline, watched the Spanish Armada and took an active part in the English Civil War. It was the Sussex Militia who captured the Duke of Monmouth after his unsuccessful Rebellion in 1685. After a long hiatus, the Sussex Militia was reformed in 1778 and provided internal security and home defence in all of Britain's major wars thereafter. It eventually became the Royal Sussex Light Infantry Militia (RSLIM) and also formed the Royal Sussex Militia Artillery. After the Cardwell Reforms the RSLIM became a battalion of the Royal Sussex Regiment and saw active service in the Second Boer War. It served as a Special Reserve training unit in World War I. After 1921 the militia had only a shadowy existence until its final abolition in 1953.

Royal Sussex Regiment
The Royal Sussex Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was in existence from 1881 to 1966. The regiment was formed in 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms by the amalgamation of the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot and the 107th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Light Infantry). The regiment saw service in the Second Boer War, and both World War I and World War II.

On 31 December 1966, the Royal Sussex Regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of the Home Counties Brigade – the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment, the Queen's Own Buffs, The Royal Kent Regiment, and the Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) – to form the Queen's Regiment; which was later, on 9 September 1992, amalgamated with the Royal Hampshire Regiment to form the present Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires).
Sir Spyro
Karl Joseph (born 29 June 1986), known professionally as Sir Spyro, is a British grime record producer, DJ, radio personality and label manager from East London. He was a Rinse FM resident for twelve years between 2005 and 2017, and since then has presented BBC Radio 1Xtra's Grime Show. He is a former member of grime crews Kamikaze, Aftershock and Ruff Sqwad, and has produced numerous hits including Stormzy's 2017 single "Big for Your Boots", which reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, and a remix of Ed Sheeran's 2019 single "Take Me Back to London" featuring Stormzy, Jaykae and Aitch, the release of which sent the song to number one in the UK.

Rinse FM
Rinse FM is a London-based community radio station, licensed for "young people living and/or working within the central, east and south London areas". It plays garage, grime, dubstep, house, jungle, UK funky and other dance music genres popular in the United Kingdom.

The station was founded in 1994 and operated as a pirate radio station until it was awarded a broadcast licence in June 2010. Rinse FM has been described as London's biggest pirate radio station. It provided first exposure to grime artists Dizzee Rascal and Wiley and later provided a home for dubstep DJs such as Skream, Kode9, and DJ Oneman. DJ Geeneus is the station's head.
Calvin Bird
James Calvin Bird (February 11, 1938 – June 19, 2013) was an American football halfback who played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats and spent an off-season in the American Football League (AFL) with the New York Jets as a wide receiver.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Heublein
Heublein Inc. (also known as Heublein Spirits) was an American producer and distributor of alcoholic beverages and food throughout the 20th century.  During the 1960s and 1970s its stock was regarded as one of the most stable financial investments, earning it inclusion in the Nifty Fifty.

It was acquired in 1982 by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company. Its successor, RJR Nabisco, began selling off many of Heublein's assets in the years that followed, with the Heublein division purchased by Grand Metropolitan in 1987.  After more sell-offs of Heublein brands, Grand Metropolitan ceased using the name, incorporating the business into International Distillers & Vintners.

R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) is an American tobacco manufacturing company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded by namesake R. J. Reynolds in 1875, it is the largest tobacco company in the United States. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American, itself a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

RJR has a large brand portfolio, which includes Camel, Newport, Doral, Eclipse, Kent, and Pall Mall. Other brands commercialized in the past included Barclay, Belair, and Real.
George Jones Sings His Greatest Hits
George Jones Sings His Greatest Hits is an album by George Jones, released on Starday Records in 1962.

Although the album is billed as a greatest hits package, it is identical to his 1957 LP Grand Ole Opry's New Star with a shuffled running order.  "Why Baby Why," "What Am I Worth," "Yearning" (duet with Jeanette Hicks), and "You Gotta Be My Baby" were top ten hits.

AllMusic noted about the album, "From Saturday night honky tonkin' to Sunday morning churchgoing, George Jones makes it all swing hard, country-style, on these 14 topnotch cuts".

Grand Ole Opry's New Star
Grand Ole Opry's New Star is the debut studio album released by George Jones in November 1956 with Starday Records. Produced by Jones' manager Pappy Daily, the album was recorded during early sessions in 1954, throughout 1955, and other sessions in 1956. It is also the first album to be released on the Starday label, a label only four years old.

Despite its mediocre sound (due in large part to the inadequate sound of Starday recordings), the album has become a huge collector's item. Online sales of original copies have ranged up from $200 to $500. On October 15, 2013, the album was reissued by Reserve Records, with the first 250 copies cut on blue vinyl and included a rare 45 of Jones' "Thumper Jones" releases.
Patrick Ocan
Patrick Ocan (born April 24, 1978) is a Ugandan economist and politician and a former Member of Parliament who represented the Apac Municipality for the Ugandan People's Congress (UPC) in the eleventh elections of 2021-2026.

Uganda People's Congress
The Uganda People's Congress (UPC; Swahili: Congress ya Watu wa Uganda) is a political party in Uganda.

UPC was founded in 1960 by Milton Obote, who led the country to independence alongside UPC member of parliament A.G. Mehta. Obote later served two presidential terms under the party's banner. Obote was still the party head when he died in October 2005, although he had previously announced his intention to step down.

The party won nine out of 289 elected seats in the 2006 general election. In the presidential election of the same date, UPC candidate Miria Obote, the former first lady, won 0.8 percent of the vote.

On 14 May 2010, the party elected Olara Otunnu, a former United Nations undersecretary-general for children and armed conflict, to lead the party. He replaced Obote's widow Miria.
History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States
The history of Hispanics and Latinos in the United States is wide-ranging, spanning more than four hundred years of American colonial and post-colonial history. Hispanics (whether criollo, mulatto, afro-mestizo or mestizo) became the first American citizens in the newly acquired Southwest territory after the Mexican–American War, and remained a majority in several states until the 20th century.

As late as 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War, Spain held claim to roughly half of today's continental United States. In the Treaty of Paris France ceded Louisiana (New France) to Spain from 1763 until it was returned in 1800 by the Treaty of San Ildefonso. In 1775, Spanish ships reached Alaska. From 1819 to 1848, the United States and its army increased the nation's area by roughly a third at Spanish and Mexican expense, gaining among others three of today's four most populous states: California, Texas and Florida.

Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, following Great Britain and Prussia's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

The signing of the treaty formally ended the conflict between France and Great Britain over control of North America (the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the United States), and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. Additionally, Great Britain agreed not to seek to eradicate Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and Austria, as they signed a separate agreement, the Treaty of Hubertusburg, five days later.
Mont Albert, Victoria
Mont Albert is an inner eastern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 kilometres east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Boroondara and Whitehorse local government areas. Mont Albert recorded a population of 4,948 at the 2021 census.

The main shopping centre of Mont Albert is Hamilton Street, a small street lined with shops. The suburb had its own railway station before being demolished as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project.

City of Whitehorse
The City of Whitehorse is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It has an area of 64.2 km2 (25 sq mi) and an estimated residential population of 183,462 as of June 2024.
Ann Killough
Ann Killough (born 1947) is an American poet. She is author of Beloved Idea (Alice James Books, 2007) which won the 2008 L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award, and Sinners in the Hands: Selections from the Catalog, which received the 2003 Robert Phillips Poetry Chapbook Prize from Texas Review Press. She has had her poems published in literary journals and magazines including Fence, Field, Mudfish, Salamander, and Poet Lore. She grew up in North Carolina and makes her home in Brookline, Massachusetts, where she is one of the coordinators of the Brookline Poetry Series and of the Mouthful Reading Series in Cambridge. She is also a member of the Alice James Books Cooperative Board.

PEN New England Award
The PEN New England Award (previously L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award and Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award) is awarded annually by PEN New England (today PEN America Boston) to honor a New England author or book with a New England setting or subject. The award was established in 1975 by The Boston Globe in conjunction with PEN to honor the veteran Boston Globe editor Laurence L. Winship.

Since 2005, the award has been presented in three categories: fiction, non-fiction, and poetry with each winner receiving $1,000. For one year in 2012, the award was called the Laurence L. & Thomas Winship/PEN New England Award in honor of father and son, Thomas Winship, both long-time Boston Globe editors. It was renamed to simply PEN New England Award starting with the 2013 award.

The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.
Whistlin' Alex Moore
Alexander Herman "Whistlin' Alex" Moore (November 22, 1899 – January 20, 1989), was an American blues pianist, singer and whistler. He is best remembered for his recordings of "Blue Bloomer Blues" (which he first recorded in 1929, as well as later in life), "Across the Atlantic Ocean" and "Black Eyed Peas and Hog Jowls".

Whistling
Whistling, without the use of an artificial whistle, is achieved by creating a small opening with one's lips, usually after applying moisture (licking one's lips or placing water upon them) and then blowing or sucking air through the space. The air is moderated by the lips, curled tongue, teeth or fingers (placed over the mouth or in various areas between pursed lips) to create turbulence, and the curled tongue acts as a resonant chamber to enhance the resulting sound by acting as a type of Helmholtz resonator. By moving the various parts of the lips, fingers, tongue, and epiglottis, one can then manipulate the types of whistles produced.
Artur Paporotnyi
Artur Sergeyevich Paporotnyi (Russian: Артур Сергеевич Папоротный; born 28 November 1985) is a Russian beach soccer player. Paporotnyi debuted in the Russian national beach soccer team in 2011. Since 2013, he is playing for BSC Kristall.

Russia national beach soccer team
The Russia national beach soccer team (Russian: Сборная России по пляжному футболу, Sbornaya Rossii po plyazhnomu futbolu) represents Russia in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the Russian Football Union, the governing body for football in Russia. The team's highest achievements are three World Cup crowns conquered in 2011, 2013 and 2021.
Vocabulary-based transformation
In metadata, a vocabulary-based transformation (VBT) is a transformation aided by the use of a semantic equivalence statements within a controlled vocabulary.

Many organizations today require communication between two or more computers.  Although many standards exist to exchange data between computers such as HTML or email, there is still much structured information that needs to be exchanged between computers that is not standardized.  The process of mapping one source of data into another is often a slow and labor-intensive process.

VBT is a possible way to avoid much of the time and cost of manual data mapping using traditional extract, transform, load technologies.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Nguyễn Biểu
Nguyễn Biểu (chữ Hán: 阮表) (1350 - 1413) was a prominent figure in Vietnamese history, serving as the Home Minister (Hau Tran). He was born in Bình Hòa, Chi La, Nghệ An, and later moved to Yên Hồ, Đức Thọ, Hà Tĩnh (formerly part of Nghệ Tĩnh) city.

Nghệ An province
Nghệ An (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋêˀ ān] ⓘ) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Thanh Hóa to the north, Hà Tĩnh to the south, Laos to the west, and the South China Sea (Gulf of Tonkin) to the east. Nghệ An is located on the east–west economic corridor connecting Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam along National Route 7 to the port of Cửa Lò.

Nghệ An and Thanh Hoá were the bases of the Lê dynasty against the Mạc dynasty in the 1530s.
Marcus Davis
Marcus Davis (born August 24, 1973), is an American former professional mixed martial artist and former professional boxer who is perhaps best known for competing in the UFC. A professional MMA competitor from 2003 until 2021, Davis also competed for Bellator MMA, the MFC, the Cage Fury Fighting Championships, and was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2.

Maximum Fighting Championship
Maximum Fighting Championship was a Canadian mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion based in Edmonton, Alberta. MFC events were broadcast on The Fight Network, AXS TV (formerly HDnet) in North America and most recently TSN2. FC’s former home, in Canada, is the River Cree Resort and Casino in Enoch, Alberta, located just outside Edmonton, Alberta, but has also held events at the Edmonton Expo Centre.
Ramiro Pruneda
Ramiro Pruneda Zapata [pru-NED-ah] (born 25 January 1983) is a Mexican former offensive tackle. He was signed by the Cologne Centurions in 2006. He played college football at ITESM.

Pruneda was also a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Sentinels and Green Bay Blizzard.

Borregos Salvajes Monterrey football
The Borregos Salvajes Monterrey (English: Monterrey Wild Rams) football team represents the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (variously Tec de Monterrey or ITESM) in the sport of American football. The Borregos Salvajes are one of the most successful programs in Mexico, having won 15 national titles, including five consecutive from 2004 to 2008, being the only team to achieve such a feat.

From 2020, the team competes in the Conferencia Jacinto Licea of the ONEFA.

Randal C. Archibold of The New York Times called the program the "Alabama Crimson Tide of Mexico".
Abde Ezzalzouli
Abdessamad "Abde" Ezzalzouli (Arabic: عبد الصمد الزلزولي; born 17 December 2001), sometimes known as Ez Abde, is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a left winger for La Liga club Real Betis and the Morocco national team.

Ezzalzouli began his professional career with Hércules in 2019 before signing for Barcelona in 2021. Following a loan move to Osasuna, he joined Real Betis in 2023, helping the club to its first ever European final.

Ezzalzouli made his international debut for Morocco in 2022, after previously being capped by the nation's youth teams at under-20 level. He was chosen in the Moroccan squads for the FIFA World Cup in 2022 and the Africa Cup of Nations in 2023 and 2025.

Morocco national under-20 football team
Morocco national under-20 football team, represents Morocco in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation, the governing body for football in Morocco. The current coach is Mohamed Ouahbi.