hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deadly (franchise)
Deadly... is a strand of British wildlife documentary programming aimed principally at children and young people, which is broadcast on CBBC on BBC One and Two and on the CBBC Channel. It is presented by Steve Backshall, with Naomi Wilkinson as co-host on Live 'n Deadly, and Barney Harwood as co-host on Natural Born Hunters. The strand began with a single series called Deadly 60, and has subsequently expanded into a number of spin-offs, re-edits and follow-up versions.

CBBC
CBBC (short for Children's BBC) is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged from 6 to 12. Its sister channel, CBeebies, is aimed at children aged 6 and under. It broadcasts every day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, timesharing with BBC Three.
International Air Transport Association code
IATA codes are abbreviations that the International Air Transport Association (IATA) publishes to facilitate air travel. They are typically 1, 2, 3, or 4 character combinations (referred to as unigrams, digrams, trigrams, or tetragrams, respectively) that uniquely identify locations, equipment, companies, and times to standardize international flight operations. All codes within each group follow a pattern (same number of characters, and using either all letters or letter/digit combinations) to reduce the potential for error.

Bigram
A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words. A bigram is an n-gram for n=2.

The frequency distribution of every bigram in a string is commonly used for simple statistical analysis of text in many applications, including in computational linguistics, cryptography, and speech recognition.

Gappy bigrams or skipping bigrams are word pairs which allow gaps (perhaps avoiding connecting words, or allowing some simulation of dependencies, as in a dependency grammar).
Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun
Michael Edward Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (born Michael Edward Lord; 22 July 1942 – 30 June 2012), was a British-Australian farmer, who is most noted because of the 2004 documentary Britain's Real Monarch, which alleged he was the rightful monarch of England instead of Queen Elizabeth II. From February 1960 until November 2002, he held the courtesy title Lord Mauchline.

Loudoun was born in England and educated at Ampleforth College in Yorkshire, but emigrated to Jerilderie, New South Wales, as a teen, where he was a rice farmer and family man. In Australia, he used the name Michael Hastings. He was the heir-general of George Plantagenet, the younger brother of Edward IV of England. If Edward IV had been illegitimate and the crown of England had descended by male-preference primogeniture before 1500, then George (and his heirs) would have been monarchs of England.

Primogeniture
Primogeniture (/ˌpraɪməˈdʒɛnɪtʃər, -oʊ-/) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit all or most of their parent's estate, as well as succeed their parent as the ruler of a state.

Primogeniture stands in contrast to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture). It can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child (absolute primogeniture).

Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in regicide, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a coup d'état) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
Isaac Lipnitsky
Isaac Oskarovich Lipnitsky (Ukrainian: Ісаак Оскарович Липницький; 25 June 1923 – 25 March 1959) was a Soviet chess master. He was a two-time Ukrainian champion (1949, 1956), and was among Ukraine's top half-dozen players from 1948 to 1956. He was a chess theoretician and professional teacher.

Chess title
A chess title is a title regulated by a chess governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body FIDE grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is Grandmaster; many national chess federations also grant titles such as National Master. More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
Battle of Rasil
The Battle of Rasil (Sindhi: راسل جي جنگ) was fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Rai dynasty of Sindh in early 640 AD in present-day Pakistan. It was the first battle the Muslims fought in the Indian subcontinent. The exact location of the battle is not known, but historians suggest it was fought on the western bank of the River Indus.

Suhail ibn Adi was given command of this expedition by Caliph Umar. Suhail marched from Busra in 639 ad. He eventually reached Makran, in  present-day Pakistan. It had been a traditional territory of Sassanids for centuries but was then a domain of the Rai Kingdom, who had annexed it in 636-637 although they had acted as a vassal of Sassanid Persians in past.

Rai dynasty
The Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE) was a dynasty that ruled the Sindh. All that is known about the dynasty comes from the Chachnama, a 13th-century Persian work about Sindhi history whose accuracy has been questioned. Nothing particular is known about the first three kings—Rai Diwaji, Rai Sahiras I, and Rai Sahasi I. The fourth king, Rai Sahiras II, is said to have ruled over a vast prosperous area, including the seaport of Debal.
Knowledge Discovery Metamodel
Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) is a publicly available specification from the Object Management Group (OMG). KDM is a common intermediate representation for existing software systems and their operating environments, that defines common metadata required for deep semantic integration of Application Lifecycle Management tools. KDM was designed as the OMG's foundation for software modernization, IT portfolio management and software assurance.  KDM uses OMG's Meta-Object Facility to define an XMI interchange format between tools that work with existing software as well as an abstract interface (API) for the next-generation assurance and modernization tools. KDM standardizes existing approaches to knowledge discovery in software engineering artifacts, also known as software mining.

Meta-Object Facility
The Meta-Object Facility (MOF) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard for model-driven engineering. Its purpose is to provide a type system for entities in the CORBA architecture and a set of interfaces through which those types can be created and manipulated.
MOF may be used for domain-driven software design and object-oriented modelling.: 15
XXXX (beer)
XXXX (pronounced four-ex) is a brand of Australian beer brewed in Milton, Brisbane, by Queensland brewers Castlemaine Perkins, now a division of the Japanese company Kirin. It enjoys wide popularity in the Australian state of Queensland, where it is commonly found on-tap in pubs and bars.

The XXXX brand was introduced by Castlemaine in 1924, and is a throwback to the long-standing tradition of using Xs to indicate the strength of an ale. The brand name is also built upon XXX Sparkling Ale introduced in 1878.

Beer measurement
The principal factors that characterize beer are bitterness, the variety of flavours present and their intensity, alcohol content, and colour. Standards for those characteristics allow a more objective and uniform determination to be made on the overall qualities of any beer.
Whangateau Harbour
The Whangateau Harbour is a natural harbour in New Zealand. It is a sandspit estuary, located on the north-eastern coast of the Auckland Region north-east of Matakana, and empties into the Hauraki Gulf. Due to the harbour's high quality water and dense shellfish beds (primarily pipi), the harbour is a popular spot for shellfish gathering.

Paphies australis
Paphies australis or pipi (/ˈpɪpi/; derived from the Māori language) is a bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand.

The pipi is a shellfish with a solid white, elongated symmetrical shell with the apex at the middle. It is covered by a thin yellow periostracum. Its closest relative, the tuatua (Paphies subtriangulata), has an asymmetrical shell, with an off-centre hinge.

The pipi is abundant on flat sandy beaches, in sandy and silty mud in estuaries, and harbours where there is considerable water flow.

By releasing a thread of mucus, which makes them more buoyant, they are able to float in the water column and move to new locations. Where they find good living conditions, their numbers can exceed more than 1000 individuals per square metre.
The Fisheries Broadcast
The Broadcast (formerly The Fisheries Broadcast) is a long-running radio program based in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador and has been airing on CBC Radio since 1951. It focuses on stories about Newfoundlanders whose jobs and livelihoods depend on the ocean. For years, it was originally known as The Fisherman's Broadcast (or Fishermen's), but has been affectionately known as The Broadcast. The current host is Paula Gale. The show was officially renamed The Broadcast on August 31, 2015.

The program currently airs on all CBC Radio One stations in Newfoundland and Labrador every weekday at 6:00 p.m. (5:30 AT).

The program celebrated its 70th anniversary on March 5, 2021, making it one of the longest-running radio programs in North American radio history.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
New York State Route 237
New York State Route 237 (NY 237) is a north–south state highway located in the western part of New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 5 in Stafford. Its northern terminus is at an interchange with the Lake Ontario State Parkway immediately south of Lake Ontario in Kendall. NY 237 passes through mostly rural areas of Genesee and Orleans counties; however, it also passes through several small communities, including the village of Holley.

In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, NY 237 was assigned to the portion of its modern alignment south of what is now NY 104 in Murray while the segment of modern NY 237 between current NY 104 and NY 18 was designated as New York State Route 385. NY 237 was extended northward to Kendall c. 1932, replacing NY 385. It was extended northward once more in the early 1970s to meet the Lake Ontario State Parkway.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
Angelo Tsarouchas
Angelo Tsarouchas (Greek: Άγγελος Τσαρούχας) is a Greek-Canadian comedian, actor, and writer living in Los Angeles. He is known for incorporating Greek culture into his stand-up comedy routines, and has been called the "King of Greek Ethnic Comedy." He organized World Dafni Day, a celebration of Greek diaspora from Dafni, his father's birthplace.

Russell Peters
Russell Dominic Peters (born 29 September 1970) is a Canadian stand-up comedian, actor, and producer. He began performing in Toronto in 1989 and won a Gemini Award in 2008. In 2013, he was number three on Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid comedians, and became the first comedian to get a Netflix stand-up special. He also won the Peabody Award and the International Emmy Award for Best Arts Programming for producing Hip-Hop Evolution (2016). He lives in Los Angeles.
Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic (/maɪk/), or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in telecommunication, sound recording, broadcasting, and consumer electronics, including telephones, hearing aids, and mobile devices.

Several types of microphone are used today, which employ different methods to convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal. The most common are the dynamic microphone, which uses a coil of wire suspended in a magnetic field; the condenser microphone, which uses the vibrating diaphragm as a capacitor plate; and the contact microphone, which uses a crystal of piezoelectric material. Microphones typically need to be connected to a preamplifier before the signal can be recorded or reproduced.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
Chua Jui Meng
Chua Jui Meng (simplified Chinese: 蔡锐明; traditional Chinese: 蔡銳明; pinyin: Cài Ruìmíng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chhòa Jōe-bêng; 22 October 1943 – 3 December 2023) was a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as the Minister of Health from May 1995 to March 2004 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bakri from August 1986 to March 2008. He was the longest-serving Minister of Health in the history of Malaysia by serving in the position for almost 9 years. He was also a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition as well as the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He also served as the State Chairman of PKR of Johor and the Vice-President of MCA.

Bakri (federal constituency)
Bakri is a federal constituency in Muar District, Johor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts
Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in Massachusetts since May 17, 2004, as a result of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that it was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Massachusetts to allow only opposite-sex couples to marry. Massachusetts was the sixth jurisdiction in the world to legalize same-sex marriage after the Netherlands, Belgium, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. It was the first U.S. state to open marriage to same-sex couples.

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
42°21′33″N 71°03′39″W﻿ / ﻿42.359297°N 71.060954°W﻿ / 42.359297; -71.060954

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Although the claim is disputed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the SJC claims the distinction of being the oldest continuously functioning appellate court in the Americas, with a recognized history dating to the establishment of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature in 1692 under the charter of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Although it was historically composed of four associate justices and one chief justice, the court is currently composed of six associate justices and one chief justice. Like the State of Maine, Massachusetts prefixes the name of its highest court with 'Judicial' to avoid confusion with the Massachusetts General Court, the state's legislature.
Wilma with Cat
Wilma with Cat (Dutch: Wilma met kat) is a portrait of Wilma Willink, painted by her husband Carel Willink in 1940. Wilma is depicted in half-length portrait with a cat in her arms and a colonnade in the background. The cat, whose name was Negus, was euthanised shortly after the painting was made.

Associated with magical realism, Wilma with Cat has been praised for its technical accomplishment. Museum Arnhem purchased it in 1960. Since 2021, there is a large reproduction of the painting on a house façade in Arnhem.

Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia (euthanasia from Greek: εὐθανασία; "good death") is the act of killing an animal humanely, most commonly with injectable drugs. Reasons for euthanasia include terminal, incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control.

In domesticated animals, the discussion of animal euthanasia may be substituted with euphemisms, such as "put down" or "put to sleep" to make the wording less harsh.
Sviatohirsk urban hromada
Sviatohirsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Святогірська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Sviatohirsk.

It has an area of 375.7 square kilometres (145.1 sq mi) and a population of 8,903, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 13 settlements: 1 city (Sviatohirsk) and 12 villages:

Sviatohirsk
Sviatohirsk (Ukrainian: Святогірськ, IPA: [sʲwʲɐtoˈɦirsʲk]; Russian: Святогорск, romanized: Svyatogorsk, IPA: [svʲɐtɐˈɡorsk]), formerly Slovianohirsk (Ukrainian: Слов'яногірськ), is a city in the northern part of Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine. It stands on the banks of the Siverskyi Donets River, 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the city of Sloviansk. The population is 4,226 (2022 estimate). It is located in the historic region of Sloboda Ukraine. The 16th-century Sviatohirsk Lavra Monastery is located in the city.
A Higher Loyalty
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership is a book by James Comey, the former Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), discussing ethics and leadership Comey encountered throughout his life, his career in public office, and his relationship with President Donald Trump, who fired him in May 2017. It was published by Macmillan Publishers' Flatiron Books on April 17, 2018.

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a United States federal law enforcement agency, and is responsible for its day-to-day operations. The FBI director is appointed for a single 10-year term by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The FBI is an agency within the Department of Justice (DOJ), and thus the director reports to the attorney general of the United States.

The director briefed the president on any issues that arose from within the FBI until the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 was enacted following the September 11 attacks. Since then, the director reports in an additional capacity to the director of national intelligence, as the FBI is also part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The incumbent FBI director is Kash Patel, who was sworn in on February 21, 2025.
Kuhn's Quality Foods
Kuhn's Quality Foods Markets is a family-owned chain of grocery stores located in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area of the United States.

The Dentici family were already in the grocery business when in 1967 Joe and Tom Dentici purchased Kuhn's Market from its founder Joseph Kuhn, who owned and operated the small grocery on Perrysville Avenue since 1939.

As of August 2019, the company owns and operates eight full-service stores and employs more than 800 people in the greater Pittsburgh area.  Still owned by the same family that started the business in 1967, the chain has stores in the neighborhoods of Allison Park, Banksville, Bellevue, Wilkins Twp. (Beulah), North Side (Highwood), Hopewell Twp.(Aliquippa), Ingomar (McCandless), and McKnight (Ross Twp.).
The company uses SuperValu as its supplier.  The company's slogan is "A Pittsburgh Tradition".

SuperValu (United States)
SuperValu, Inc., was an American wholesaler and retailer of grocery products. The company, formerly headquartered in the Minneapolis suburb of Eden Prairie, Minnesota, had been in business since 1926. In 2018 it became a wholly owned subsidiary of United Natural Foods, Inc. (UNFI).

On July 26, 2018, SuperValu announced it had agreed to be purchased by Providence, RI-based United Natural Foods Inc., the largest distributor to Whole Foods Market and other natural foods stores. UNFI paid $1.3 billion in cash and assumed another $1.6 billion in SuperValu debt and liabilities. UNFI said it expected the deal to result in roughly $175 million in savings over three years and that it would divest itself of SuperValu's grocery stores.

As of June 8, 2022, the SuperValu brand seems to be discontinued for everything besides some small-scale grocery stores. The distribution facility in Hopkins, Minnesota,  has been rebranded to UNFI.
Volkshalle
The Volkshalle (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlksˌhalə], "People's Hall"), also called Große Halle ([ˌɡʁoːsə ˈhalə], "Great Hall") or Ruhmeshalle ([ˈʁuːməsˌhalə], "Hall of Glory"), was a proposal for a monumental, domed building to be built in a reconstituted Berlin (renamed as Germania) in Nazi Germany. The project was conceived by Adolf Hitler and designed by his architect Albert Speer. No part of the building was ever constructed.

The word Volk had a particular resonance in Nazi thinking. The term völkisch movement, which can be translated to English as "the people's movement" or "the folkish movement", derives from Volk but also implies a particularly racial undertone. Before the First World War, völkisch thought had developed an attitude to the arts as the German Volk; that is, from an organically linked Aryan or Nordic community (Volksgemeinschaft), racially unpolluted and with its roots in the German soil of the Heimat (homeland).

Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (German: Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945. The Chancellery's seat, selected and prepared since 1875, was the former city palace of Adolf Friedrich Count von der Schulenburg (1685–1741) and later Prince Antoni Radziwiłł (1775–1833) on Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. Both the palace and a new Reich Chancellery building (completed in early 1939) were seriously damaged during World War II and subsequently demolished.

Today the office of the German chancellor is usually called Kanzleramt (Chancellor's Office), or more formally Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellor's Office). The latter is also the name of the new seat of the Chancellor's Office, completed in 2001.