hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Creeping wave
According to the principle of diffraction, when a wave front passes an obstruction, it spreads out into the shadowed space.  A creeping wave in electromagnetism or acoustics is the wave that is diffracted radially around the surface of a smooth body such as a sphere.

Creeping waves greatly extend the ground wave propagation of long wavelength (low frequency) radio.  They also cause both of a person's ears to hear a sound, rather than only the ear on the side of the head facing the origin of the sound.  In radar ranging, the creeping wave return appears to come from behind the target.

The term creeping wave was first coined by Walter Franz in 1952. Vladimir Fock made important contributions to the understanding and calculation of creeping waves.  They are described by Airy functions.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
2005 Breeders' Cup
The 2005 Breeders' Cup World Championships was the 22nd edition of the premier event of the North American thoroughbred horse racing year. The eight races, all of which were Grade I, took place on October 29 at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York and were telecast by NBC. The Breeders' Cup is generally regarded as the end of the North America racing season, although a few Grade I events take place in later November and December, primarily now for Road to the Kentucky Derby events for horses to gain points toward qualifying for those races. The results of the races were highly influential in that year's Eclipse Award voting.

The highlight of the event was Saint Liam's victory in the Classic, wrapping up a campaign that earned him Horse of the Year honors.

Eclipse Award
The Eclipse Award is an American Thoroughbred horse racing award named after the 18th-century British racehorse and sire, Eclipse.

An Eclipse Award Trophy is presented to the winner in each division. The trophy is made by a few small selected American foundries with expertise in studio bronze casting. It is then mounted on the hand-crafted native Kentucky walnut base to comprise the Eclipse Award on which a brass plate recites the award winner.

The equivalent award in Australia is the Australian Thoroughbred racing awards, in Canada the Sovereign Awards, and in Europe, the Cartier Racing Awards.
Colonel William Jones House
Colonel William Jones House, also known as William Jones State Historic Site, is a historic house in Gentryville and the Lincoln State Park in Jackson Township, Spencer County, Indiana.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 1975. William Jones (1803–1864) was a farmer, merchant, soldier, and politician.

He lived, farmed and operated a store in the Little Pigeon Creek Community, living in an area that is currently in the town of Gentryville, Indiana. Abraham Lincoln, who lived nearby, worked in the store. During the Civil War, Jones served as a lieutenant colonel and died during the Battle of Atlanta on July 22, 1864, and was made colonel as of that date.

Little Pigeon Creek Community
Little Pigeon Creek Community, also known as Little Pigeon Creek Settlement and Little Pigeon River settlement, was a settlement in present Carter and Clay Townships: 271–272, 412  in Spencer County, Indiana along Little Pigeon Creek. The community, near present-day Lincoln City, Indiana, was established on frontier land by 1816. There were enough settlers in the Indiana wilderness to enable Indiana to become a state in December, 1816.: 22
Hideki Todaka
Hideki Todaka (戸高 秀樹, Todaka Hideki; born March 16, 1973 in Miyazaki, Japan) is a former professional boxer who fought in the super flyweight and bantamweight divisions. He is the former WBA super flyweight champion, and former WBA bantamweight interim champion.

Satoshi Iida
Satoshi Iida (飯田覚士 Iida Satoshi, born August 11, 1969) is a Japanese professional boxer from Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Iida won the WBA super flyweight championship of the world in 1997 when he defeated Thai champion Yokthai Sithoar via a 12th-round unanimous decision.
John Jacob Withrow
John Jacob Withrow  (1833 – August 5, 1900) was a Toronto businessman and politician. He proposed the first edition of the Canadian National Exhibition and organised the annual event for several years.

Withrow was born in York, Upper Canada, and opened a construction business. In 1873, he was elected as alderman for the Toronto City Council. He tried to convince the Provincial Fair Association to permanently establish their annual fair in Toronto. When they refused, he established an annual fair in Toronto, which later became the Canadian National Exhibition. He twice ran, unsuccessfully, to become mayor of Toronto. After leaving city council, he sat on the board of various businesses and philanthropic organisations. He declared bankruptcy after losing his investments in a depression in the 1890s. He died in Toronto after suffering from a stroke.

Toronto City Council
Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022.
Environment Friend
Environment Friend (19 March 1988 – 28 February 2012) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for his win in the 1991 running of the Eclipse Stakes, one of the United Kingdom's most important weight-for-age races. After winning the second of his races as a two-year-old he established himself as a top-class colt with a five length win in the Dante Stakes in May 1991. He ran poorly in The Derby but then defeated a strong field to win the Eclipse as a 28/1 outsider. Environment Friend never won again, but remained in training until the age of seven, and was placed in several important races including the Coronation Cup (twice), the Champion Stakes and the Irish Champion Stakes. From 1993 until 1995 his time was divided between standing as a breeding stallion and competing as a racehorse.

Eclipse Stakes
The Eclipse Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Sandown Park over a distance of 1 mile, 1 furlong and 209 yards (2,002 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early July.
FIBA Africa Championship 1981
The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from December 15 to December 23, 1981. Games were played in the national capital Mogadishu. Egypt and Cote d'Ivoire competed in the final. The Cote d'Ivoire squad wound up winning the tournament, its first FIBA Africa Championship, and as a result qualified for the 1982 FIBA World Championship. Somalia and Algeria played for third place, with the Somalia squad emerging victorious.

Ivory Coast men's national basketball team
The Ivory Coast men's national basketball team is the men's basketball side that represents Ivory Coast in international competition. The team competes regularly in the African Championship and is administered by the Fédération Ivoirienne de Basket-Ball.

With two AfroBasket titles and six overall finals appearances, the country is traditionally home to one of the continent's finest basketball national teams. The Elephants have played at the FIBA Basketball World Cup five times and also played in the 2023 edition.
Soccer Bowl 2013
Soccer Bowl 2013 was the North American Soccer League's postseason championship match of the 2013 season held to determine the NASL Champion. The event was contested in a one-game match between the Atlanta Silverbacks, winners of the Spring Championship, and the New York Cosmos, winners of the Fall Championship.  The game was held on November 9, 2013 at Atlanta Silverbacks Park, in Atlanta, Georgia.  It was televised at 7:30pm EDT on ESPN3 and ESPN Deportes. New York won the match by the score of 1–0.

ESPN3
ESPN3 (formerly ESPN360 and ESPN3.com) was an online streaming service owned by ESPN Inc., a joint venture between the Walt Disney Company (which operated the network, through its 80% controlling ownership interest) and Hearst Communications (which held the remaining 20% interest). It provided live streams and replays of global sports events to sports fans in the United States.

The service quietly closed December 2, 2025, after its content was merged into ESPN's self-titled streaming service in full.
Monklands (district)
55°49′44″N 3°55′19″W﻿ / ﻿55.829°N 3.922°W﻿ / 55.829; -3.922

Monklands (Bad nam Manach in Scottish Gaelic) was, between 1975 and 1996, one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.

Strathkelvin
55°55′41″N 4°08′02″W﻿ / ﻿55.928°N 4.134°W﻿ / 55.928; -4.134

Strathkelvin (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Chealbhainn) is the strath (valley) of the River Kelvin in west central Scotland, lying north-east of Glasgow. The name Strathkelvin was used between 1975 and 1996 for one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region.
That's What Friends Are For (Slade song)
That's What Friends Are For is a song by English rock band Slade, released on 27 April 1987 as the second single from their fourteenth and final studio album, You Boyz Make Big Noize. It was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker. "That's What Friends Are For" reached number 95 in the UK Singles Chart.

Roy Thomas Baker
Roy Thomas Baker (10 November 1946 – 12 April 2025) was an English record producer, songwriter and arranger who produced rock and pop songs, best known for producing five out of the first seven albums by British rock band Queen and the first four albums by American rock band the Cars.
Rajdrohi (2009 film)
Rajdrohi : Fight Against The System is a 2009 Science fiction Bengali film directed by Tapan Banerjee. This is sixth directorial film after 2007 "Prem". The film stars Anshuman, Swati, Manali and Rajatava Dutta. This film was slated to release on 25 December 2009 and is the first science fiction film of its kind in Bengali till date. The film deals with invisibility of human being and is similar to H. G. Wells' The Invisible Man.

Swathi Reddy
Swathi Reddy (born 19 April 1987) is a former Indian actress and television presenter who predominantly worked in Telugu films, along with Tamil and Malayalam films. She has acted in over 29 movies. Her nickname Colours Swathi comes from her stint in the Telugu television show Colours, which was telecast on Maa TV.

After playing supporting roles, she made her debut as a lead actress in the Tamil film Subramaniapuram (2008). Her role in the Telugu film Ashta Chamma (2008) earned her the Filmfare Award and Nandi Award for Best Actress. She also worked as a dubbing artist, and a playback singer in a few films. Her other notable films include Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule (2007), Swamy Ra Ra (2013), Amen (2013), and Karthikeya (2014).
Ran Salu
Ran Salu (In Sinhala: The Yellow Robe) is a 1967 Sri Lankan drama film directed by Lester James Peries. The film follows the parallel paths of Sujatha (Punya Heendeniya) and Sarojini Perera (Anula Karunathilaka).

P. K. D. Seneviratne wrote the screenplay dealing with Buddhism. It was the second most successful of Peries' first seven films behind Sandesaya. Despite the popularity, Philip Cooray found the film overly emotional and too plotted. It however won a Gandhi Award at Delhi in 1969 and was bought for Irish TV.

Anula Karunathilaka
Anula Karunathilaka (Sinhala: අනුලා කරුණාතිලක, born 23 January 1946) is a Sri Lankan film actress and theatrical performer. Her work is noted during the 1970s film and cinema history in Sri Lanka. One of the most popular actresses in Sinhala cinema in the 1960s, she is best known for the popular role 'Dammi' in the blockbuster film Golu Hadawatha.
Dennis Lick
Dennis Allan Lick (born April 26, 1954) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for the Chicago Bears.  Lick played six seasons with the Bears from 1976 to 1981.  He was signed out of the  University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Lick attended St. Rita High School on Chicago's south side and resides in the Clearing neighborhood.  He shares a distinction with two other NFL players that have also attended both St. Rita and the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Tony Simmons and Ahmad Merritt (Merritt also has played for the Bears).

Ahmad Merritt
Ahmad Rashad Merritt (born February 5, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers and was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2000.

Merritt was a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Chicago Rush and Arizona Cardinals.
5th Foreign Infantry Regiment
The 5th Foreign Regiment (abbr. 5th RE, French: 5e Régiment Étranger), nicknamed the "Regiment of Tonkin" (French: "Régiment du Tonkin"), is a regiment of the Foreign Legion of the French Army created under the Third Republic. The history of this regiment is marked by its participation in World War II, the Indochina War and the Algerian War. The regiment is based in Mayotte since 2024.

3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
The 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment (French: 3e Régiment Étranger d'Infanterie, 3e REI) is an infantry regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army. The regiment is stationed in French Guiana. Its mission includes the protection of the Guiana Space Centre, a European Space Agency (ESA) facility.
Fortún Garcés of Pamplona
Fortún Garcés (Basque: Orti Gartzez; died 922) nicknamed the One-eyed (el Tuerto), and years later the Monk (el Monje), was king of Pamplona from 870/882 until 905. He appears in Arabic records as Fortoûn ibn Garsiya (فرتون بن غرسية). He was the eldest son of García Iñíguez and grandson of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Reigning for about thirty years, Fortún Garcés would be the last king of the Íñiguez dynasty.

Íñigo Arista
Íñigo Arista (Basque: Eneko, Arabic: ونّقه, Wannaqo, c. 771–790 – 851 or 852) was a Basque chieftain and the first king of Pamplona. He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans at the Battle of Pancorbo in 816, and his rule is usually dated from shortly after the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824.

He is first attested by chroniclers as a rebel against the Emirate of Córdoba from 840 until his death a decade later. Remembered as the nation's founder, he would be referred to as early as the 10th century by the nickname "Arista", coming either from Basque Aritza (Haritza/Aiza, literally 'the oak', meaning 'the resilient') or Latin Aresta ('the considerable').
Lottie Woad
Charlotte Woad (born 17 January 2004) is an English professional golfer. She won the 2022 Girls Amateur Championship and 2024 Augusta National Women's Amateur, and reached number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking in June 2024.

She won the KPMG Women's Irish Open on the Ladies European Tour in July 2025 while still an amateur. Later in July, she won her first tournament as a professional – the ISPS Handa Women's Scottish Open.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
KWSA
KWSA (100.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult hits format. Licensed to Price, Utah, United States, the station is currently owned by Jeff Wood and Against the Wind Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Cumulus Media.

Adult hits
Adult hits (sometimes also called variety hits) is a radio format drawing from popular music from the late 1960s to the present. The format typically focuses on classic hits, but blended with adult contemporary, pop, and rock hits from the 1970s through at least the 2000s, and is synonymous with franchised brands such as Jack FM and Bob FM.
Lansing, Toronto
Lansing is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It originated as a minor settlement of a store, other services, and a post office at the corner of Yonge Street and Sheppard Avenue, was later designated a postal village, and was finally consolidated with its fellow postal villages, Newtonbrook and Willowdale, into a new postal village named Willowdale within the Township of North York. For neighbourhood planning purposes, the City of Toronto, which North York was amalgamated into in 1998, labels Lansing as Lansing-Westgate. Its boundaries are Yonge Street to the east, Highway 401 to the south, Bathurst Street to the west, and Burnett Avenue to the north.

Bathurst Street (Toronto)
Bathurst Street is a main north–south arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It begins at an intersection of the Queens Quay roadway, just north of the Lake Ontario shoreline. It continues north through Toronto to the Toronto boundary at Steeles Avenue. It is a four-lane thoroughfare throughout Toronto. The street continues north into York Region where it is also designated York Regional Road 38, and ends in the Holland Marsh.
Holiday's End
Holiday's End is a 1937 British mystery film directed by John Paddy Carstairs and starring Sally Stewart, Rosalyn Boulter and Wally Patch. The film follows the arrival at boarding school of a boy king.

It was made at Pinewood Studios as a quota quickie.

Rosalyn Boulter
Rosalyn Boulter  (1 February 1917 – 6 March 1997) was an English stage and screen actress. She married Stanley Haynes, a film writer, director and producer, before having a daughter together, Carol, in 1943.

Between 1935 and 1936 Boulter featured in four West End productions shortly followed by her first two films, a romantic comedy called Love at Sea (1936) and a thriller called Holiday's End (1937). In 1937, she toured the UK and made her Broadway debut, playing the lead in the West End hit George and Margaret. Boulter died on 6 March 1997 in Santa Barbara, California, United States.
Peristeri, Elis
Peristeri (Greek: Περιστέρι meaning pigeon) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Amaliada, Elis, Greece. It is located in a rural, hilly area, 5 km southeast of Dafniotissa, 7 km southwest of Efyra, 9 km northwest of Karatoula and 11 km east of Amaliada. The community includes the villages Asteraiika and Palaiolanthi.

Efyra
Efyra (Greek: Εφύρα) is a village and a community in the western part of Pineia municipal unit, Elis, Greece. It lies at an altitude of 121 metres, and covers an area of 12 km², of which 55% is arable and 20% is forest. It is situated southeast of the Pineios reservoir, and west of the river Pineakos Ladonas, which also flows into the Pineios reservoir. Efyra has a church dedicated to St. George. The community includes the village Pirio. Efyra is 2 km southeast of Kampos, 5 km west of Simopoulo and 21 km northeast of Pyrgos.
Gus Levene
Gus Levene, born Gershun Levene (July 11, 1911 – February 9, 1979), was an American arranger, composer, orchestrator and guitarist. In the mid-1940s, he was one of the top network radio arrangers. Levene is best remembered for his work as an arranger for Dean Martin and orchestration for numerous Hollywood film productions, including the 1956 hit film The King and I.

The King and I (1956 film)
The King and I is a 1956 American musical film made by 20th Century-Fox, directed by Walter Lang and produced by Charles Brackett and Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is based on the 1951 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The King and I, which is itself based on the 1944 novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon. That novel in turn was based on memoirs written by Anna Leonowens, who became school teacher to the children of King Mongkut of Siam in the early 1860s. Leonowens' stories were autobiographical, although various elements of them have been called into question. The film stars Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner.

The film was a critical and commercial success and was nominated for nine Academy Awards and won five, including Best Actor for Brynner.

An animated film adaptation of the same musical was released in 1999. On February 12, 2021, Paramount Pictures and Temple Hill Entertainment announced that another live-action film version was in development.
Finlayson Island
Finlayson Island is an island along the course of the North Saskatchewan River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The island is situated between the town of Battleford on the south bank of the river and the city of North Battleford on the north. To the north of the island is the Battlefords Bridge and to the south is North Saskatchewan River's confluence with Battle River. Access to Finlayson Island is from the old Battleford Bridge.

On the island is the Finlayson Island Nature Park, a picnic area, and multiple biking and hiking trails. During the winter, the trails are groomed for cross-country skiing. The island has riparian forests, marshlands, grasslands, and sand dunes as well as an abundance of wildlife.

Finlayson Island was named after Donald Finlayson on 25 March 1965 by the Government of Saskatchewan. Finlayson was a homesteader in the nearby Battle River Valley, member of the home guard during the North-West Rebellion, and a local MLA from 1908 to 1934.

Battlefords Bridge
The Battlefords Bridge is a twin-span, four lane concrete and steel girder highway bridge that carries the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway across the North Saskatchewan River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The bridge connects the town of Battleford on the south shore and the city of North Battleford on the north shore. With the completion of the second span in 2002, the original downstream bridge across the river that connected the two communities was closed to through highway traffic.

Three highways, 16, 4, and 40, run concurrently across the bridge.
Didius Julianus
Marcus Didius Julianus (/ˈdɪdiəs/; 29 January 133 – 2 June 193) was Roman emperor from March to June 193, during the Year of the Five Emperors.

Julianus had a successful political career, governing several provinces, including Dalmatia and Germania Inferior, and defeating the two Germanic tribes, the Chauci and Chatti. He was appointed to the consulship in 175 along with Pertinax as a reward, before being demoted by Commodus.

Julianus became emperor after winning an auction held by the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. A civil war ensued in which three rival generals laid claim to the imperial throne. Septimius Severus, commander of the legions in Pannonia and the nearest of the generals to Rome, marched on the capital, gathering support along the way and routing cohorts of the Praetorian Guard Julianus sent to meet him. Abandoned by the Senate and the Praetorian Guard, Julianus was killed by a soldier in the palace and succeeded by Severus.

Pannonia
Pannonia (/pəˈnoʊniə/, Latin: [panˈnɔnia]) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Italy, and on the south by Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It included the modern regions of western Hungary, western Slovakia, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia, and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The northern and eastern boundary line of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube.