hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Jazeera controversies
Al Jazeera Media Network is a media company headquartered in Doha, Qatar. Its flagship news channels are Al Jazeera Arabic and Al Jazeera English. According to Al Jazeera, its Arabic and English channels are editorially independent from one another. Al Jazeera has been involved in a number of controversies. Some of its reporting has drawn criticism or objections from governments. In addition, Al Jazeera journalists have faced unlawful detention in certain countries, and the network or its reporters have been restricted or banned from operating in some countries.

Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; Arabic: الجزيرة, romanized: al-jazīrah, lit. 'the island', pronounced [æl (d)ʒæˈziːrɐ]), often known as Al Jazeera, is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar. Al Jazeera introduced an English-language division in 2006. It is the first global English-language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East.

Al Jazeera is known for its in-depth and frontline reporting particularly in conflict zones such as the Arab Spring, the Gaza–Israel conflict and others. Al Jazeera's coverage of the Arab Spring won the network numerous awards, including the Peabody Award. It positions itself as an alternative media platform to the dominance of Western media outlets like CNN and BBC, focusing on narrative reporting where subjects present their own stories.
James Romanelli
James A. Romanelli (July 8, 1929 – October 16, 1988) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania State Senate.

A native of the South Side, Romanelli worked as a Pittsburgh city building inspector prior to elective office. He represented the 22nd legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1973 through 1975. He was elected to represent the 43rd senatorial district in the Pennsylvania Senate in a 1975 special election. In 1982, he moved to Squirrel Hill in order to accommodate his mother and mother in law, who had moved in with him and his wife. In 1983, he suffered a mild stroke. He apologized after telling steelworkers at a Labor Day parade in Homestead that they should slash the tires on foreign cars.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Fire-resistance rating
A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test. This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail other criteria, involving evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Count Gonghwa
Count Gonghwa or Marquess Gonghwa (1126–1186), personal name Wang Yeong (왕영; 王瑛) was a Goryeo royal family member as the great-grandson of King Munjong who became the maternal uncle of Huijong and Gangjong.

Gangjong of Goryeo
Gangjong (Korean: 강종; Hanja: 康宗; 10 May 1152 – 26 August 1213), personal name Wang O (왕오; 王祦), was the 22nd ruler of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Myeongjong.

Gangjong was confirmed as heir in 1173. In 1197, he and his father were driven to Ganghwado by the military leader Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. In 1210 Gangjong returned to the capital, and he was given a royal title by his uncle King Huijong in the following year. After Ch'oe drove Huijong from power that year, Gangjong was placed on the throne. Gangjong was essentially a puppet of General Ch'oe during his reign, and was succeeded by his son Gojong after ruling Goryeo for two years.

Gangjong's tomb is located outside the old Goryeo capital, in modern-day Hyŏnhwa-ri, Kaepung-gun, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea.
2024 Saudi Super Cup final
The 2024 Saudi Super Cup final (also known as The Diriyah Saudi Super Cup final for sponsorship reasons) was the 11th edition of the Saudi Super Cup. The final was played on 17 August 2024 at the Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Sports City, Abha, between Al-Nassr and Al-Hilal.

Al-Hilal defeated Al-Nassr 4–1 to win their record-extending fifth title.

Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Sports City Stadium
Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Sports City, also referred to as Al-Mahalah Stadium, is a versatile stadium located in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Primarily used for football matches, it serves as the home ground for both Abha and Damac clubs. The stadium has a seating capacity of 20,000 spectators.
1928 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
The 1928 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1928.

Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Robert La Follette Jr., who had won a special election to finish his late father's term in 1925, was elected to a full term in office.

La Follette had to fend off two challenges from his own party, defeating George W. Mead in the party primary and Republican State Senator William H. Markham in the general election. Markham ran as a pro-Hoover "Regular Republican."

Robert M. La Follette Jr.
Robert Marion La Follette Jr. (February 6, 1895 – February 24, 1953) was an American politician who served as United States senator from Wisconsin from 1925 to 1947. A member of the La Follette family, he was often referred to by the nickname "Young Bob" to distinguish him from his father, Robert M. "Fighting Bob" La Follette, who had served as a U.S. senator and governor of Wisconsin. Robert Jr., along with his brother Philip La Follette, carried on their father's legacy of progressive politics and founded the Wisconsin Progressive Party. Robert Jr. was the last major Progressive Party politician in the U.S. Senate, ending in 1946 when the party disbanded. La Follette was defeated in the 1946 Republican Senate primary by Joseph McCarthy.

His son, Bronson La Follette was also a prominent politician in Wisconsin, serving as the 36th & 39th attorney general of Wisconsin.
MGWR Class 12
Midland Great Western Railway (MGWR) Classes 12, 14, 15, 16 and 19 were 36 0-4-2 locomotives acquired in 5 batches over the period 1861-1872. The first 0-4-2s were introduced by the Locomotive Superintendent Joseph Cabry, and his successor Robert Ramage in 1863 also seemed to favour the type.  After Martin Atock succeeded in 1872 there were no more orders of the type due to generally poor timekeeping.

0-4-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-4-2 represents the wheel arrangement with no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. While the first locomotives of this wheel arrangement were tender engines, the configuration was later often used for tank engines, which is noted by adding letter suffixes to the configuration, such as 0-4-2T for a conventional side-tank locomotive, 0-4-2ST for a saddle-tank locomotive, 0-4-2WT for a well-tank locomotive and 0-4-2RT for a rack-equipped tank locomotive.
Maria Litvinenko-Volgemut
Maria Ivanivna Litvinenko-Volgemut (Ukrainian: Марія Іванівна Литвиненко-Вольгемут; 13 February 1892  –  3 April 1966) was a Ukrainian opera singer and music teacher. She was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1936 and awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Iceland Express
Iceland Express was a low-fare airline headquartered in Reykjavík, Iceland that was acquired by WOW air. It operated services to several destinations in Europe using wet-leased aircraft. Its main base was Keflavík International Airport.

Primera Air Scandinavia
Primera Air Scandinavia A/S, was a Danish airline owned by Primera Travel Group. It provided scheduled and charter passenger services from Northern Europe to more than 40 destinations in the Mediterranean, Middle East and North America. It ceased operations on 1 October 2018.

The airline was originally founded in Iceland as JetX, before it was acquired by Primera Travel Group and renamed to Primera Air Scandinavia. In 2009/2010, operations were transferred to a newly founded Danish unit and the Icelandic air operator's certificate was subsequently cancelled. The airline also owned Primera Air Nordic, a Latvian subsidiary airline established in 2014.
Mike Tomalaris
Michael Tomalaris is an Australian television reporter and presenter. He was previously host of SBS Television sports programs including its Tour de France coverage. He was also formerly a presenter for SBS World News.

Special Broadcasting Service
The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster that receives about 80 percent of its funding from tax revenue. SBS operates six TV channels (SBS, SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies, SBS Food, NITV and SBS WorldWatch) and seven radio networks (SBS Radios 1, 2 and 3, Arabic 24, SBS Chill, SBS South Asian and SBS PopAsia). SBS is also home to SBS On Demand; a video streaming service.

The stated purpose of SBS is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate, and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society". SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia.

SBS was founded in 1975 as a radio network and launched its television channel in 1980. In-show advertising commenced in 2006 with commercial breaks spanning five minutes per hour. SBS's most successful imported television series is South Park.
Syriac New Testament, British Library, Add. 14448
British Library, Add MS 14448, designated by number 64 on the list of Wright, is a Syriac manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, according to the Peshitta version. It is dated by a Colophon to the year 699 or 700. The manuscript is a lacunose. Gregory labelled it by 14e (for the Gospels), 9a (for the Acts and General epistles), and 8p (for the Pauline epistles).
The codex is in the British Library as Add MS 14448.

William Aldis Wright
William Aldis Wright (1 August 1831 – 19 May 1914) was an English writer and classical scholar. He was best known for founding The Cambridge Shakespeare alongside writer William George Clark. Additionally, he was friends with poet Edward FitzGerald and published many of his works posthumously.
Channel Ports
The Channel Ports are seaports in southern England and northern France, which allow for short crossings of the English Channel. There is no formal definition, but there is a general understanding of the term. Some ferry companies divide their routes into "short" and "long" crossings. The broadest definition might be from Plymouth east to Kent and from Roscoff to Zeebrugge although a tighter definition would exclude ports west of Newhaven and Dieppe. A historic group of such ports is the Cinque Ports of south-east England, most of which have ceased to be commercial ports.

Dieppe
Dieppe (French pronunciation: [djɛp]; Norman: Dgieppe; prob. from Old English  dēōp or Old Norse djúpr 'deep') is a coastal commune in the Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France.

Dieppe is a seaport on the English Channel at the mouth of the river Arques. A regular ferry service runs to Newhaven in England.

Famous for its scallops, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled beach, a 15th-century castle and the churches of Saint-Jacques and Saint-Remi. The mouth of the river Scie lies at Hautot-sur-Mer, directly to the west of Dieppe.

The inhabitants of the town of Dieppe are called Dieppois (m) and Dieppoise (f) in French.
Cameron Menzies
Cameron Menzies (born 27 June 1989) is a Scottish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty-nine. A PDC Tour Card holder since 2022, Menzies has won two Players Championship titles. He is a two-time PDC major quarter-finalist, reaching the last eight at the 2024 Grand Slam and the 2025 World Grand Prix.

Menzies previously participated in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Darts Federation (WDF) events. He reached the semi-finals at the 2017 World Masters and the 2022 Lakeside World Championship.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
Soundman Vol. 2
Soundman Vol. 2 (often shortened to S2) is the second EP by Nigerian singer Wizkid. It was released on 22 December 2023, through RCA Records and Starboy Entertainment, and features guest appearances from Wande Coal and Zlatan. Production was handled by P.Priime, The Elements, Cake, and Bigfish. It serves as a follow-up to More Love, Less Ego (2022), and serves as a sequel to his first EP, Soundman Vol. 1 (2019).

P.Priime
Peace Emmanuel Aderogba Oredope (born 28 March 2002), professionally known as  P.Priime (Big P), is a Nigerian record producer, DJ, music director, mixing engineer and songwriter.

P.Priime known for the production of "Anoti" a song on Wizkid's Grammy-nominated album Made in Lagos and three of the tracks from Black Panther: Wakanda Forever - "Anya Mmiri" by CKay ft. PinkPantheress, "Alone" by Burna Boy, and "Coming Back For You" by Fireboy DML.

He is otherwise known for the sound tag "P", "Giddem", at the beginning or end of all his productions.
Nevado Tres Cruces
Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has two main summits, Tres Cruces Sur at 6,748 metres (22,139 ft) and Tres Cruces Centro at 6,629 m (21,749 ft) and a third minor summit, Tres Cruces Norte 6,030 m (19,780 ft). Tres Cruces Sur is the sixth highest mountain in the Andes.

The volcano has an extended history of activity, going back at least 1.5 million years. A number of lava domes surround the complex and a number of craters lie on its summits. The main volcano is of rhyodacitic composition and has generated two major ignimbritic eruptions, one 1.5 million years ago and a second 67,000 years ago. The last eruption was 28,000 years ago, but the volcano is a candidate source for a Holocene eruption and could erupt again in the future.

Rhyodacite
Rhyodacite is a volcanic rock intermediate in composition between dacite and rhyolite.  It is the extrusive equivalent of those plutonic rocks that are intermediate in composition between monzogranite and granodiorite. Rhyodacites form from rapid cooling of lava relatively rich in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.
Pedro Ruíz Corredor
Pedro Ruíz Corredor (d. after 1601) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca. He searched for El Dorado, returned to Spain, was sent back to the new world, helped consolidate newly conquered Peru for Spain, retired to his fiefdom to raise a family, and lived to a ripe old age.

Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada y Rivera, also spelled as Ximénez and De Quezada, (Spanish: [gonˈθalo xiˈmeneθ ðe keˈsaða]; 1509 – 16 February 1579) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador in northern South America, territories currently known as Colombia. He explored the territory named by him, New Kingdom of Granada, and founded its capital, Santafé de Bogotá. As a well-educated lawyer he was one of the intellectuals of the Spanish conquest. He was an effective organizer and leader, designed the first legislation for the government of the area, and was its historian. He was governor of Cartagena between 1556 and 1557, and after 1569 he undertook explorations toward the east, searching for the elusive El Dorado. The campaign didn't succeed and Jiménez then returned to New Granada in 1573. He has been suggested as a possible model for Cervantes' Don Quixote.
Ciudad Deportiva (Nuevo Laredo)
The Ciudad Deportiva (Sports City) is a sports complex  in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. It is home to the Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo Mexican Baseball League team and the Toros de Nuevo Laredo Mexican professional basketball team from the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional. The Ciudad Deportiva's Estadio Nuevo Laredo (baseball park) can seat up to 12,000 fans at a baseball game and the Nuevo Laredo Multidisciplinary Gymnasium can seat 4,000 fans at a basketball game.

Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos
The Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos (English: Two Laredos Owls), formerly known as the Tecolotes de Nuevo Laredo (English: Nuevo Laredo Owls), are a professional baseball team in the Mexican League. The Tecolotes are a binational baseball team, splitting their home games between Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico and Laredo, Texas, United States. Their home games in Mexico are played at Parque la Junta, while their home games in the United States are played at Uni-Trade Stadium. They are the only Mexican League team to play outside of Mexico.
Tomen y Rhodwydd
Tomen y Rhodwydd is a motte-and-bailey castle built by Owain Gwynedd to protect the borders of Gwynedd Is Conwy. It stands in an area of fields and low hills to the south of Llandegla-yn-Iâl (today's south-east Denbighshire), Wales.

This, it seems, was the 'Castell yn Iâl' (castle of Yale) built by Owain Gwynedd in 1149, according to the Chronicle of the Princes, when he seized the hundred of Ial from the kings of Powys. That first castle stood until 1157 when it was burnt down by Iorwerth Goch ap Maredudd (Iorwerth Goch) of Powys following a raid by Henry II of England on Gwynedd. There is another record in an English document from 1212 which refers to the repair of 'Yale castle', but it is likely that another castle in the same area is meant, namely Tomen y Faerdre, 3 miles down the valley near Llanarmon-yn-Iâl.

The castle stands on private land but can be seen from the A525 road between Wrexham and Ruthin, about a mile and a half south-west of Llandegla.

Llandegla
Llandegla (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) or Llandegla-yn-Iâl (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village and community in the county of Denbighshire in Wales. In the 2011 census, the community had a population of 567.
Battle of Ümera
Battle of Ümera (Estonian: Ümera lahing), also known as the Battle of Imera (Latvian: Kauja pie Imeras), was a battle during the Livonian Crusade between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, their Christian Livonian and Latgalian allies, and the Estonians. The Battle was fought near the Jumara, a tributary of the Gauja River in August or September 1210.

Latgalians
Latgalians (Latin: Lethi, Letthigalli, Low German: Letti, Lethi, modern Latvian: latgaļi, letgaļi, leti; variant translations also include Latgallians, Lettigalls or Lettigallians) were an ancient Baltic tribe.

They likely spoke a variant of Latvian language, which probably became the lingua franca in present-day Latvia during the Northern Crusades due to their alliance with the crusaders. Latgalians later integrated with the neighbouring tribes, forming the core of modern Latvians.
History of copyright law of the United States
The copyright law of the United States has a long and complicated history, dating back to the Colonial history of the United States. It was established as federal law with the Copyright Act of 1790. This act was updated many times, including a major revision in 1976.

Copyright Act of 1976
The Copyright Act of 1976 is a United States copyright law and remains the primary basis of copyright law in the United States, as amended by several later enacted copyright provisions. The Act spells out the basic rights of copyright holders, codified the doctrine of "fair use", and for most new copyrights adopted a unitary term based on the date of the author's death rather than the prior scheme of fixed initial and renewal terms. It became Public Law number 94-553 on October 19, 1976; most parts of the law went into effect on January 1, 1978.

U.S. Register of Copyrights Barbara Ringer and Congressman Robert Kastenmeier took central roles in drafting the statute.
Varanasi–Gonda Intercity Express
The Varanasi - Gonda Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to Northern Railway zone that runs between Gonda Junction and Varanasi Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 14213/14214 train numbers on a daily basis.

Varanasi Junction railway station
Varanasi Junction railway station (station code: BSB) is the main railway station serving the city of Varanasi. The other key railway stations in the Varanasi Metro area are Banaras, Varanasi City, Kashi and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. The junction station is sandwiched between the cantonment region and Chetganj region of the city. The station is partially controlled by the Lucknow Division of the Northern Railway Zone and the Varanasi Division of the North Eastern Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. Varanasi Junction railway station nearly reaches the frequency of 300 trains daily. Almost, 29 trains originate and terminate at the station. Premium trains of Indian Railways also originate from the Varanasi Junction, such as Vande Bharat Express, Mahamana Express Rajdhani Express
Amankot Faizabad
Amanakot Faizabad (Pashto: امان کوټ، فيض آباد) is an administrative unit, known as Union council or Wards in Tehsil Babuzai, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013. District Swat has 67 Wards, of which total number of Village Councils is 170, and Neighbourhood Council is 44.

Amanakot Faizabad is Territorial  Ward, which is further divided into three Neighbourhood Councils:

Amankot No. 1 (Neighbourhood Council)

Amankot No. 2 (Neighbourhood Council)

Amankot/Faiz Abad (Neighbourhood Council)

Babuzai Tehsil
Babuzai is a tehsil in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Babuzai is named after the local Pashtun tribe of the same name, the Babuzai.

Babuzai is one of Swat District's eight tehsils, each of which comprises a number of union councils. There are 64 union councils in Swat District.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013, the Babuzai Tehsil has the two wards: VC Aba khel and VC Bharat khel/