hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
London Stone
London Stone is a historic landmark housed at 111 Cannon Street in the City of London. It is an irregular block of oolitic limestone measuring 53 × 43 × 30 cm (21 × 17 × 12"), the remnant of a once much larger object that had stood for many centuries on the south side of the street.

The name "London Stone" was first recorded around the year 1100. The date and original purpose of the stone are unknown, although it is possibly of Roman origin. There has been interest and speculation about it since the medieval period, but modern claims that it was formerly an object of veneration, or has some occult significance, are unsubstantiated.

Oolite
Oolite or oölite (from Ancient Greek  ᾠόν (ōión) 'egg stone') is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term oolith can refer to oolite or individual ooids.
Wahbanosay
Chief Wahbanosay (Waabanose in the Fiero spelling, Waubuno as spelt by Jones) (fl. 1778 - d. 1806) was a Mississaugas chief of the Eagle doodem, in the Burlington, Ontario area. His Ojibwe name is translated as "Walks in the Dawn" or "Morning Light".

Burlington, Ontario
Burlington is a city at the west end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada. Part of Halton Region, it borders Hamilton to the south, Milton to the northwest, and Oakville to the northeast. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, the Hamilton census metropolitan area, and the Golden Horseshoe urban region. Burlington was founded in 1874, and gained city status in 1974. With a population of 186,948 as of 2021, Burlington is the twenty-eighth-most populous municipality in Canada.
Irina Annenkova
Irina Yurievna Annenkova (Russian: Ирина Юрьевна Анненкова; born February 22, 1999, in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia) is a Russian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2014 Youth Olympic champion and the 2014 European Junior ball and ribbon champion.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Felton, Northumberland
Felton is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, North East England, 8.9 miles (14 km) south of Alnwick and 12 miles (19 km) north of Morpeth. The nearest city, Newcastle upon Tyne, is 24 miles (39 km) south of the village, and the Scottish border is 37 miles (60 km) north of it. At the 2011 census, the parish had a population of 1531.

There are two bridges crossing the River Coquet. The older stone bridge dates to around the 15th century, while the newer concrete bridge was built in 1926. The older bridge is closed to traffic, and is often used for village events including wassailing at Christmas.

St Michael and All Angels church to the west of the village is a Grade I listed building.

Alnwick
Alnwick (/ˈænɪk/ ⓘ AN-ik) is a market town in Northumberland, England, of which it is the traditional county town. The population at the 2021 Census was 8,430.

The town is 32 miles (51 km) south of Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Scottish border, 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea at Alnmouth and 34 miles (55 km) north of Newcastle upon Tyne; it is sited on the south bank of the River Aln.

The town dates to about AD 600 and thrived as an agricultural centre. Alnwick Castle was the home of the most powerful medieval northern baronial family, the Earls of Northumberland. It was a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London.
Azam Azmi
Muhammad Azam bin Azmi Murad (born 12 February 2001) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Malaysia Football league club Terengganu, on loan from Johor Darul Ta'zim, and the Malaysia national team.

Terengganu FC
Terengganu Football Club is a professional football club based in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, that competes in the Malaysia Super League, the first division of Malaysian football league system.

The club had won major trophies in Malaysian football. Domestically they had won 1 Malaysia Cup, 2 Malaysia FA Cup, 1 Malaysia Charity Shield, 2 Malaysia Premier League titles and 1 FAM League title. Terengganu remains the only state team that has not won the top flight league since the introduction of the league in 1982 up until now.
Albert Hoffmann (Nazi)
Adolf Johann Albert Hoffmann (24 October 1907 – 26 August 1972) was a German entrepreneur, who during the Third Reich served as the Nazi Gauleiter of Westphalia-South. He was also an SS-Gruppenführer. Tried for war crimes, he was acquitted for lack of evidence, but was sentenced to prison as a result of denazification proceedings.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Titanotaria
Titanotaria is a genus of late, basal walrus from the Miocene of Orange County, California. Unlike much later odobenids, it lacked tusks. Titanotaria is known from an almost complete specimen which serves as the holotype for the only recognized species, Titanotaria orangensis, it is the best preserved fossil walrus currently known.

Osodobenus
Osodobenus  is an extinct genus of walrus from the Miocene to Pliocene of California. Osodobenus may have been the first tusked walrus and shows several adaptations that suggest it was a suction feeder, possibly even a benthic feeder like modern species. Three skulls are known showing pronounced sexual dimorphism, with the female lacking the same tusks as the male. Only a single species, Osodobenus eodon, is currently recognized.
2003 Albanian Supercup
The 2003 Albanian Supercup is the tenth edition of the Albanian Supercup since its establishment in 1989. The match was contested between the Albanian Cup 2003 winners Dinamo Tirana and the 2002–03 Albanian Superliga champions KF Tirana.

2002–03 Albanian Cup
2002–03 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqipërisë) was the fifty-first season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began on 30 August 2002 with the First Round and ended on 31 May 2003 with the Final match. The winners of the competition qualified for the 2003–04 first round of the UEFA Europa League. Tirana were the defending champions, having won their twelfth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by Dinamo Tirana.

The rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.
1983 CAAK Ilyushin Il-62 crash
On 1 July 1983, a CAAK Ilyushin Il-62M was operating a scheduled international charter flight from Pyongyang, North Korea to Conakry, Guinea via Bamako, Mali. It carried 17 passengers and 6 crew members, creating a total of 23 occupants. While approaching Conakry International Airport, it crashed into mountainous terrain. All 23 occupants on board were killed.

The aircraft was flying from Pyongyang with construction cargo and workers ahead of the 1984 Organization of African Unity summit due it taking place the following year.

It remains the deadliest aviation accident in Guinean history, and was the tenth operational loss of an Il-62 since its introduction. It remains the first and only known fatal aviation accident involving the airline.

Conakry
Conakry (/ˈkɒnəkri/ KON-ə-kree, French: [kɔnakʁi]; Susu: Kɔnakiri; N'Ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, romanized: Kɔnakrí; Fula: 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭, romanized: Konaakiri) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its population as of the 2026 Guinea census was 3,407,327.

The population of Conakry is difficult to ascertain. The U.S. Department of State's Bureau of African Affairs has estimated it at 2 million, or one-sixth of the country's population.
Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus
The Manichaean Painting of the Buddha Jesus (Chinese: 夷數佛幀; pinyin: Yí shù fó zhēn; Wade–Giles: I2-shu4 fo2-chên1; Japanese: キリスト聖像; rōmaji: Kirisuto Sei-zō; lit. 'Sacred Image of Christ'), is a Chinese Southern Song dynasty silk hanging scroll preserved at the Seiunji Temple in Kōshū, Yamanashi, Japan. It measures 153.5 cm in height, 58.7 cm in width, dates from the 12th to 13th centuries, and depicts a solitary nimbate figure on a dark-brown medieval Chinese silk. According to the Hungarian historian Zsuzsanna Gulácsi, this painting is one of the six documented Chinese Manichaean hanging scrolls from Zhejiang province from the early 12th century, which titled Yishu fo zhen (lit. "Silk Painting of the Buddha [Prophet] Jesus").

Halo (religious iconography)
A halo (from Ancient Greek  ἅλως, hálōs, 'threshing floor, disk'), also called a nimbus, aureole, glory or gloriole (Latin: gloriola, lit. 'little glory'), is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in works of art.  The halo occurs in the iconography of many religions to indicate holy or sacred figures, and has at various periods also been used in images of rulers and heroes. In the religious art of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism (among other religions), sacred people may be depicted with a halo in the form of a circular glow, or flames in Asian art, around the head or around the whole body—this last form is often called a mandorla.

Halos may be shown as almost any colour or combination of colours, but are most often depicted as golden, yellow or white (when representing light) or as red (when representing flames). The earliest artistic depictions of halos were probably in Ancient Egyptian art.
Dulguun Enkhbat
Dulguun Enkhbat, also known as Enkhbatyn Dölgöön (Mongolian: Энхбатын Дөлгөөн; Mongolian script: ᠡᠩᢈᠡᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠯᠦᢉᠡᠨ; born 27 March 1992) is a Mongolian basketball player for the Mongolian 3x3 national team.

Mongolia men's national 3x3 team
The Mongolia men's national 3x3 team is a national basketball team of Mongolia, administered by the Mongolian Basketball Association. It represents the country in international 3x3 (3 against 3) basketball competitions.

Even though Mongolia is one of FIBA Asia's youngest members, its national 3x3 basketball team already had some noteworthy international accomplishments.

The Mongolian team made their debut in the FIBA 3x3 World Cup in 2018. They qualified for the 2018 edition of the tournament through their association's FIBA 3x3 Federation World Ranking.
Command Decision (Dad's Army)
"Command Decision" is the third episode of the first series of the British comedy series Dad's Army. It was originally transmitted on Wednesday 14 August 1968. The episode was recorded on 29 April 1968. The episode was directed and produced by David Croft, with a story by Jimmy Perry and David Croft

David Croft (TV producer)
Major David John Croft (born David John Andrew Sharland; 7 September 1922 – 27 September 2011) was an English television comedy screenwriter, television producer and director. He produced and wrote a string of BBC sitcoms with partners Jimmy Perry and Jeremy Lloyd, including Dad's Army, Are You Being Served?, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! and 'Allo 'Allo!
Uljay al-Yusufi
Uljay al-Yusufi, also known as Iljay (Arabic: الجاي اليوسفي, romanized: Uljāy al-Yūsufī; d. 8 Muharram 775 AH  / 1 July 1373 CE), was a senior Mamluk amir in the late eighth century AH/fourteenth century CE. It was during the reign of Bahri Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban that he briefly held the highest military office of commander in chief of the army (atabak al-'asakir) and was administrator of the Complex of al-Mansur Qalawun which included the famous hospital (bimaristan).

Al-Ashraf Sha'ban
Al-Ashraf Zayn ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Sha'ban ibn Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun (Arabic: الأشرف زين الدين شعبان, lit. 'The Most Noble, Grace of the Faith, Father of Excellence, Sha'ban son of Husayn, son of Muhammad, son of Qalawun', better known as al-Ashraf Sha'ban (السلطان شعبان or Sha'ban II, was a Turk Mamluk sultan of the Bahri dynasty in 1363–1377. He was a grandson of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–1341). He had two sons (out of a total of eight) who succeeded him: al-Mansur Ali and as-Salih Hajji.
Dai (Spring and Autumn period)
Dai was a state which existed in northern Hebei during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. Its eponymous capital was located north of the Zhou Kingdom in what is now Yu County. It was apparently established by the people known to the ancient Chinese as the Baidi or "White Barbarians". They traded livestock and other goods between Central Asia and the Zhou states prior to their conquest by the Zhao clan of Jin.

Jin (Chinese state)
Jin (traditional Chinese: 晉; simplified Chinese: 晋, Old Chinese: *tsi[n]-s), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403 BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han, Zhao, and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period.
Steiner conic
The Steiner conic or more precisely Steiner's generation of a conic, named after the Swiss mathematician Jakob Steiner, is an alternative method to define a non-degenerate projective conic section in a projective plane over a field.

The usual definition of a conic in projective space uses a quadratic form. Another alternative definition of a conic uses a hyperbolic polarity. It is due to K. G. C. von Staudt and sometimes called a von Staudt conic. The disadvantage of von Staudt's definition is that it only works when the underlying field has odd characteristic.

Quadric
In mathematics, a quadric or quadric surface is a generalization of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas). In three-dimensional space, quadrics include ellipsoids, paraboloids, and hyperboloids.

More generally, a quadric hypersurface (of dimension D) embedded in a higher dimensional space (of dimension D + 1) is defined as the zero set of an irreducible polynomial of degree two in D + 1 variables; for example, D=1 is the case of conic sections (plane curves). When the defining polynomial is not absolutely irreducible, the zero set is generally not considered a quadric, although it is often called a degenerate quadric or a reducible quadric.

A quadric is an affine algebraic variety, or, if it is reducible, an affine algebraic set. Quadrics may also be defined in projective spaces; see § Normal form of projective quadrics, below.
2C-T-16
2C-T-16, also known as 4-allylthio-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug. It was originally named by Alexander Shulgin as described in his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), however while Shulgin began synthesis of this compound he only got as far as the nitrostyrene intermediate, and did not complete the final synthetic step. Synthesis of 2C-T-16 was finally achieved by Daniel Trachsel some years later.

Daniel Trachsel
Daniel Trachsel is a Swiss chemist who studies psychedelics and entactogens. He has developed and published on a large number of novel psychedelic and entactogen compounds, including their psychoactive effects. This has been in a manner similar to that of the psychedelic chemist Alexander Shulgin, which has caused Trachsel to sometimes be referred to as the "German Shulgin". However, unlike Shulgin, Trachsel has distanced himself from any personal self-experiments.

According to Hamilton Morris and Nick Cozzi in mid-2023, Trachel's book Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion (Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function) is in the process of being translated into English. It is being translated by the Alexander Shulgin Research Institute (ASRI), with tentative publication by Transform Press, and also independently by chemist David Carlson.
Wright Electrocity
The Wright Electrocity was a type of hybrid electric bus built by Wrightbus between 2002 and 2013. The Electrocity was based on DAF/VDL SB120 chassis for most of these buses, except for a single Dennis Dart SLF prototype.

Dennis Dart
The Dennis Dart is a rear-engined single-decker midibus chassis that was introduced by Dennis of Guildford, England, in 1989, replacing the Dennis Domino. Initially built as a high-floor design, in 1996 the low-floor second generation Dennis Dart SLF was launched. In 2001, production of the Dart SLF passed to TransBus International, during which time it was sold as the TransBus Dart SLF; Alexander Dennis took over production in 2004, renaming the product as the Alexander Dennis Dart SLF.

More than 12,600 Darts were produced in total during a 19-year production run. Most were purchased by United Kingdom operators, although examples were sold in Europe, North America, Australia and Hong Kong. In the United States, the Dart SLF, with Alexander ALX200 bodywork, was built and sold by Thomas Built Buses as the Thomas SLF 200.

The first generation Dart ceased production in 1998. Production of the Dart SLF continued until 2008, when it was replaced by the Alexander Dennis Enviro200.
Rachida Dati
Rachida Dati ([ʁaʃida dati] ⓘ; born 27 November 1965) is a French politician, lawyer and magistrate who served as Minister of Culture from 2024 to 2026 in the government of Gabriel Attal, government of Michel Barnier, government of François Bayrou and the first and second governments of Sébastien Lecornu. She previously was Minister of Justice from 2007 to 2009 under Prime Minister François Fillon.

A member of The Republicans (LR), Dati was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2019, representing Île-de-France. She was a spokesperson for Nicolas Sarkozy during his 2007 presidential campaign; following his victory, he appointed her to the Government.

Dati was elected to the mayorship of the 7th arrondissement of Paris in 2008, when she also entered the Council of Paris. In the 2020 Paris municipal election, she unsuccessfully ran for Mayor of Paris against incumbent Anne Hidalgo. Following the election, she was installed as opposition leader in the Council of Paris.

Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice
Minister of Justice (French: Ministre de la Justice), formally known as Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice (Garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice [ɡaʁd de so ministʁ d(ə) la ʒystis]), is a cabinet position in the Government of France. The current minister of justice has been Gérald Darmanin since 2024. The ministry is headquartered on Place Vendôme in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.
Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life
Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life is an oil-on-panel painting by the Dutch Golden Age painter Harmen Steenwijck. Created around 1640, the work is an allegorical vanitas. It has been in the collection of the National Gallery in London since 1888.

The painting includes a skull, a large pot, an ornate Japanese sword, a sea shell, and a lute. There is also a book, a watch and the front of a trumpet or horn. Several of the pieces are arranged so that they rest uncomfortably close to the edge of the table. The left side of the painting features a shaft of light cutting through the image.

The skull in the painting is an obvious reminder of human mortality. One art critic thought that the painting symbolizes knowledge, wealth and mortality of human life. Another critic stated that the painting has an allegorical religious theme with the shaft of light representing a higher power.

Vanitas
Vanitas is a genre of memento mori symbolizing the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death, and thus the vanity of ambition and all worldly desires. The paintings involved still life imagery of transitory items. The genre began in the 16th century and continued into the 17th century. Vanitas art is a type of allegorical art representing a higher ideal. It was a sub-genre of painting heavily employed by Dutch painters during the Baroque period (c.1585–1730). Spanish painters working at the end of the Spanish Golden Age also created vanitas paintings.
Han Eng Juan
Han Eng Juan PPA(E) PPA(P) PP PBS is a Singaporean former civil servant and former major-general who served as Chief of Army from 1995 to 1998.

Upon leaving army in June 1998, Han was appointed as the chief executive officer of the Land Transport Authority till July 2003.

Pingat Bakti Setia
The Pingat Bakti Setia (English: Long Service Award) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1962. The medal may be awarded to any person who has completed 25 years continuous service in either government related services, in the field of education or military service.
Nikolskoye, Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate
Nikolskoye was a historic town in Pokrovsky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate, Imperial Russia. Since 1917, it has been part of the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo. The town played a significant part in the development of the textile sector in Imperial Russia.

Textile industry in the Russian Empire
The textile industry in the Russian Empire developed significantly in the nineteenth century. It played a significant role in the Industrialization in the Russian Empire.

In 1840 the Manchester-based company De Jersey & Co. appointed Franz Holzhauer as their agent in Moscow with Ludwig Knoop as his assistant. At the time Manchester was known as Cottonopolis, and De Jersey and Co. played a major role in developing the cotton industry in the Russian Empire.

The first large scale cotton printing and dye works was established in 1753 by two English business men, William Chamberlain and Richard Cozzens with the aid of state subsidies.

In 1895 the Russian Technical Society criticized Knoop for holding back the Russian textile industry by exclusively importing English textile machinery.