hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christian Galan
Christian Galan (born in 1960) is a French Japanologist and professor of Japanese language and civilization at Toulouse-Jean-Jaurès University (formerly Toulouse-le Mirail) and a researcher at the French Research Institute on East Asia (IFRAE; formerly Japanese Studies Center CEJ) of the National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations (Inalco, Paris). He has devoted most of his work to the study of the Japanese education system.

Within the IFRAE, he directs the research group "Education, Childhood(s), and Society in East Asia" (EESAO) and has co-directed with Emmanuel Lozerand the research group "Speech and debates of the Meiji era". He is also director of the Toulouse branch of the CEJ, and co-director with Yves Cadot of the French academic journal Revue d'Études japonaises, established in 2024.

Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales
The Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (French pronunciation: [ɛ̃stity nɑsjɔnal de lɑ̃ɡ e sivilizɑsjɔ̃ ɔʁjɑ̃tal]; transl. "National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations"), abbreviated as INALCO, is a French grand établissement with a specializing in the teaching of languages and cultures from the world. Its coverage spans languages of Central Europe, Africa, Asia, America, and Oceania. With 104 languages taught as of 2024, this institution is currently the world's largest provider of language training courses.

It is also informally called "Langues'O" (French: [lɑ̃ɡz‿o]) in French, an abbreviation for Langues orientales.

The INALCO logo is made up of the school's acronym, each part of which is translated into languages written in non-Latin characters, corresponding to Inalco's fields of teaching and research.
Mahmood Khan Achakzai
Mahmud Khan Achakzai (Pashto: محمود خان اڅکزی; born 14 December 1948) is a Pakistani Pashtun regionalist politician who is the Chairman of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party. Achakzai completed his Engineering degree from the Peshawar University of Engineering and Technology. In the 7th National Congress of Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party on 19 and 20 December 2022 Mahmood Khan Achakzai was re elected as the Chairman of PkMAP. He has been serving as member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 29 February 2024. On 16 January 2026, he began serving as the leader of the opposition in the National Assembly of Pakistan after being nominated by former Prime Minister Imran Khan.

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar
The University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar (UET Peshawar), formerly known as NWFP University of Engineering and Technology, is a public university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Formerly known as NWFP University of Engineering and Technology until 2010, it an institution of higher learning in Pakistan with a strong emphasis on the development of science and engineering. The university offers undergraduate and post-graduate programs in various engineering disciplines. The university is also a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities of the United Kingdom. The university was regarded as one of the best engineering schools in the country and was ranked in 7th position nationwide in the category of "Engineering and Technology" by HEC, the highest governing body of higher education in Pakistan. According to Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2023, the university is ranked in 801-1000th worldwide and in 251-300th position in Asia.
Louise-Élisabeth of France
Louise-Élisabeth of France (Marie Louise-Élisabeth; 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was a French princess, a fille de France. She was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV and Queen Maria Leszczyńska, and the twin sister of Henriette of France, and she was the only one of his legitimate daughters who married. She married Infante Philip of Spain, who inherited the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza through his mother in 1748. Infante Philip was her father's first cousin; both men were grandsons of Louis, Grand Dauphin. Thereafter, Élisabeth and her husband founded the House of Bourbon-Parma. She functioned as the de facto ruler of the Duchy of Parma between 1748 and 1759.

Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
Maria Amalia (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage to Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma. She was born an archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. Upon her arrival in Parma in 1769 until the death of her husband in 1802, she was the de facto ruler of the duchy.
St. Vitus church (Gärtringen)
The Protestant St. Vitus church in Gärtringen is considered one of the best-preserved late Gothic village churches in Württemberg. The oldest surviving component is the tower, which was built between 1455 and 1460. With its height of 38.5 meters, which can be attributed to its former use as a fortified and watchtower, it still represents the dominant landmark of the village. The year 1496, when the choir was completed, is considered the year of construction of the pilaster church.

The continuously vaulted village church has unusually rich late Gothic vault paintings and is classified as a monument of special importance. The interior of the church, which is in need of renovation, was extensively restored from May 2009 to September 2010.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
1st Battalion, Tower Hamlets Rifles
The 1st Battalion, Tower Hamlets Rifles, was a Territorial Army (TA) unit of the British Army during World War II. It fought as a motor battalion in the Western Desert campaign, 1941–42, including the Battles of Mersa Brega, Gazala, Mersa Matruh and First Alamein.

Poplar and Stepney Rifles
The 17th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Poplar and Stepney Rifles), was a unit of Britain's Territorial Force formed in 1908 from Volunteer corps dating back to 1859. It saw considerable service on the Western Front, at Salonika and in Palestine during the First World War. It served as a motorised infantry regiment during the Second World War before conversion to an artillery unit in 1947 and subsequent amalgamation in 1967.
Milcho Goranov
Milcho Goranov (Bulgarian: Милчо Горанов, 6 November 1928 – 28 July 2008) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a defender, most notably for Slavia Sofia. Goranov also earned 21 caps for Bulgaria. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Association football at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The association football tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics was won by the Soviet Union.

Defending champions Hungary were forced to withdraw due to the Soviet invasion of their country. Besides Hungary, the tournament was ignored by Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. In addition to the situation with Hungary, several more countries boycotted the competitions due to the Suez Crisis, while China ignored the tournament due to the IOC recognition of Taiwan.

This was the first Olympic football tournament where all the medalists were communist countries, with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria taking silver and bronze respectively.
War of the Peters
The War of the Peters was a conflict primarily fought between the forces of Peter Par Jiek and Peter Gadet from June 2000 to August 2001 in Unity State, Sudan. Though both were leaders of local branches of larger rebel groups that were involved in the Second Sudanese Civil War (the SPDF and SPLA, respectively), the confrontation between the two commanders was essentially a private war. As Par and Gadet battled each other, the Sudanese government exploited the inter-rebel conflict as part of a divide and rule strategy, aimed at weakening the rebellion at large and allowing for the extraction of valuable oil in Unity State. In the end, Gadet and Par reconciled when their respective superiors agreed to merge the SPDF and SPLA.

Second Sudanese Civil War
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba Mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended.

Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous human rights violations, including slavery and mass killings.
Sunmin
Sunmin (Korean: 선민, Katakana: ソンミン, born August 4, 1987) is a South Korean singer who speaks and sings in Korean, Japanese, and English. She debuted in 2006, with the single "Keep Holding You," a collaboration with the Japanese R&B singer Toshinobu Kubota. Her career was initially focused on the Japanese market, but her work became focused in South Korea from 2009 to 2010. She also contributed to original soundtracks of South Korean television series Master of Study and Gloria (2010 TV series). In 2010 to 2011, she was in the main South Korean musical production of Jekyll & Hyde as Lucy. In 2012 to 2013, she reprised her role as Lucy in the South Korean national tour. In spring 2013, Sunmin played Josephine in the South Korean production of Arsène Lupin, the musical.

Gloria (South Korean TV series)
Gloria (Korean: 글로리아; RR: Geulroria) is a South Korean television series starring Bae Doona, Lee Chun-hee, Seo Ji-seok, So Yi-hyun, Oh Hyun-kyung and Lee Jong-won in a tale of romance, survival, overcoming poverty and adversity, and making your dreams come true. It aired on MBC from July 31, 2010 to January 30, 2011 on Saturdays and Sundays at 20:40 for 50 episodes.
Antonia Tryphaena
Antonia Tryphaena also known as Tryphaena of Thrace or Tryphaena (Greek: Ἀντωνία Τρύφαινα or Τρυφαίνη, 10 BC – 55 AD) was a Pontian Princess and a Roman Client Queen of Thrace. She co-ruled with her son Rhoemetalces II.

Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus (Ancient Greek: Πόντος Pontos) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281 BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63 BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its greatest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated.

The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian, with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC.
Jiří Zídek Sr.
Jiří Zídek Sr. (8 February 1944 – 21 May 2022) was a Czech professional basketball player and coach. At 2.06 metres (6 ft 9 in) tall, Zídek was a talented center who was named the Best Czech Player of the 20th Century, and was the Czechoslovak League's all-time leading scorer. He was also among the 105 nominees to the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors list. His son, Jiří "George" Zídek Jr., also won the EuroLeague title with Žalgiris, in 1999. To this day, they are the only father and son to have reached a EuroLeague title game as players. In 2019, he became the first Czech to be inducted into the FIBA Hall of Fame.

EuroLeague Championship Game
The EuroLeague Championship Game is the championship basketball final of the EuroLeague competition. The EuroLeague is the highest level tier, and most important professional competition of club basketball in Europe. Over the years, the EuroLeague's Championship Game, has also previously been known as the EuroLeague Final, the EuroLeague Finals, the EuroLeague Grand Final, and the EuroLeague Grand Finale.

Real Madrid have won the EuroLeague championship on 11 occasions, more than any other club, with its most recent victory coming in 2023. Fenerbahçe of Istanbul, is the current holder of the EuroLeague championship, as of 2025.
Kilim motifs
Many motifs are used in traditional kilims, handmade flat-woven rugs, each with many variations. In Turkish Anatolia in particular, village women wove themes significant for their lives into their rugs, whether before marriage or during married life. Some motifs represent desires, such as for happiness and children; others, for protection against threats such as wolves (to the flocks) and scorpions, or against the evil eye. These motifs were often combined when woven into patterns on kilims. With the fading of tribal and village cultures in the 20th century, the meanings of kilim patterns have also faded.

In these tribal societies, women wove kilims at different stages of their lives, choosing themes appropriate to their own circumstances. Some of the motifs used are widespread across Anatolia and sometimes across other regions of West Asia, but patterns vary between tribes and villages, and rugs often expressed personal and social meaning.

Kilim
A kilim (Persian: گلیم gilīm; Turkish: kilim) is a flat tapestry-woven carpet or rug traditionally produced in countries of the former Persian Empire, including Iran and Turkey, but also in the Balkans and the Turkic countries.

Kilims can be purely decorative or can function as prayer rugs. Modern kilims are popular floor coverings in Western households.
1922 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
The 1922 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 35th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1922 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Dublin defeated Galway.

Sligo had qualified, but were ejected in spectacular circumstances, and also stripped of their Connacht SFC title (given instead to Galway).

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
Karsandas Mulji
Karsandas Mulji (25 July 1832 – 28 August 1871) was an Indian journalist, social reformer, administrator and statesman. He is also regarded as one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress who laid a base for the foundation of the Congress party.

He was an alumnus of Elphinstone college and an English-educated Gujarati journalist with an acute dislike for institutional religion.

Karsandas Mulji was appointed by the Victoria's British India's Bombay Government to administer the state of Kathiawar in 1867.

Reformism (historical)
Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
Kōen-Kami Station
Kōen-Kami Station (公園上駅, Kōen-Kami-eki) is a funicular railway station on the Hakone Tozan Cable Car Line in the town of Hakone, Ashigarashimo District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, operated by Hakone Tozan Railway.

Odakyu Hakone
Odakyu Hakone Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社小田急箱根, Hepburn: Kabushiki Gaisha Odakyū Hakone) is a private railway company headquartered in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and is a part of the Odakyu Group.
Koivuhovi railway station
The Koivuhovi railway station (Finnish: Koivuhovin rautatieasema, Swedish: Björkgårds järnvägsstation) is a station on the Helsinki commuter rail network, located between the stations of Kauniainen and Tuomarila. The station was opened in its current form in 1997.

The station is served by the commuter trains E from Helsinki to Kauklahti and U (daytime) and L (nighttime) between Helsinki and Kirkkonummi. The station is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) from central Helsinki.

Helsinki commuter rail
Helsinki commuter rail (Finnish: Helsingin seudun lähijunaliikenne, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionens närtrafik) is a commuter rail system serving the Helsinki metropolitan area. The system is managed by the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL) and operations are contracted out to VR at least until 2031.

The system operates on four railway lines and comprises 13 services, all of which terminate at Helsinki Central Station. Within the HSL region, tickets and timetables are fully integrated with other modes of public transport. Some VR commuter rail services extend into the HSL region, and HSL tickets are used instead of VR ones when travelling entirely within the HSL region. Both parties discontinued onboard ticket sales in 2017.

Commuter rail is a backbone of public transport in Helsinki and is by far the longest rapid transit system in Finland, carrying a total of around 70 million passengers in 2018 and operating around a thousand departures each weekday (2023).
René-Joseph Kimber
René-Joseph Kimber (November 26, 1786 – December 22, 1843) was a physician and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East, in the Province of Canada (now Quebec).  He represented Trois-Rivières in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, as a member of the Parti patriote, although he opposed the use of force in the Lower Canada Rebellion.  After the creation of the Province of Canada, which he opposed, he was the member for the district of Champlain in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.  He was briefly a member of the Legislative Council, prior to his death in 1843.

Champlain (Province of Canada electoral district)
Champlain (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃plɛ̃] ⓘ) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East.  It was on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, with the town of Champlain being the main centre of the district.

The electoral district was established in 1841, when the Province of Canada was created by the merger of Lower Canada and Upper Canada by the Union Act, 1840. It was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.

Champlain was represented by one Member in the Legislative Assembly.  The electoral district was abolished in 1867 upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.
Chen Xilie
Chén Xīliè (Chinese: 陳希烈) (died February 11, 758) was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong.  During the An Shi Rebellion, he surrendered to An Lushan and served as chancellor of An's state of Yan at Luoyang.  After Tang forces recaptured Luoyang, he was forced to commit suicide.

Yan (An–Shi)
Yan (Chinese: 燕; pinyin: Yān), also known as the Great Yan (Chinese: 大燕; pinyin: Dà Yān), was a dynastic state of China established in 756 by the former Tang general An Lushan, after he rebelled against Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in 755. The state collapsed in 763 with the death of An Lushan's former subordinate Shi Chaoyi (son of Shi Siming), who was the last person to claim the title as emperor of Yan.
Laila Majnu (1962 film)
Laila Majnu  is a 1962 Indian Malayalam-language romance film, directed by P. Bhaskaran, based on Layla and Majnun. Starring Prem Nazir and L. Vijayalakshmi, with Sathyan, Thikkurissi, T. S. Muthiah, Chandni, Adoor Bhasi and Kodungalloor Ammini Amma in supporting roles, the film's acclaimed music was composed by Baburaj. Egyptian dancer Laila appeared in one of the songs.

M. S. Baburaj
Mohammad Sabir Baburaj (3 March 1929 – 7 October 1978) was an Indian music composer. He is often credited for the renaissance of Malayalam film music. Baburaj has rendered music to many evergreen Malayalam film songs.
Ayanda Dlodlo
Ayanda Dlodlo (born 22 May 1963) is a South African politician and former cabinet minister. A former member of Umkhonto we Sizwe, she became a Member of Parliament for the African National Congress (ANC) in 2009. Thereafter, she was appointed Minister of Communications (2017), Minister of Home Affairs (2017–2018), Minister of Public Service and Administration (2018–2019, 2021–2022), and Minister of State Security (2019–2021).

Dlodlo is known for having been responsible for the state security portfolio during the 2021 civil unrest in South Africa, and has also been a member of the ANC National Executive Committee since 2007. In April 2022, she resigned from government to take up a directorship at the World Bank.

Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies
The minister of communications and digital technologies (formerly minister of communications, minister of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting and minister of posts and yelecommunications) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, responsible for overseeing the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies.

In May 2014 President Jacob Zuma split the ministry by establishing the position of minister of telecommunications and postal services alongside the minister of communications. However, in a cabinet reshuffle in November 2018, President Cyril Ramaphosa announced the reversal of the split, absorbing the telecommunications and postal services functions back into the Ministry of Communications. The respective departments did not merge until after the 2019 general election. After the election Ramaphosa renamed the office as the minister of communications and digital technologies.