hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xenophilia
Xenophilia or xenophily is the love for, attraction to, or appreciation of foreign people, manners, customs, or cultures. It is the antonym of xenophobia or xenophoby. The word is a modern coinage from the Greek "xenos" (ξένος) (stranger, unknown, foreign) and "philia" (φιλία) (love, attraction), though the word itself is not found in classical Greek.

Xenophobia
Xenophobia (from Ancient Greek  ξένος (xénos) 'strange, foreign, or alien' and  φόβος (phóbos) 'fear') is the fear or dislike of people who are perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists between an in-group and an out-group and it may manifest itself in suspicion of one group's activities by members of the other group, a desire to eliminate the presence of the group that is the target of suspicion, and fear of losing a national, ethnic, or racial identity.
Selma Neubacher Steele
Selma Neubacher Steele (October 21, 1870 – August 28, 1945) was an American educator and writer from Indiana who was the second wife of Hoosier Group artist T. C. Steele. She is best remembered for her efforts to landscape the grounds and establish the gardens at the House of the Singing Winds, the Steele home and studio in Brown County, Indiana. It 1945 she donated the property to the Indiana Department of Conservation to established the T. C. Steele State Historic Site. Her remains are buried beside her husband's in the T. C. Steele Memorial Cemetery at the state historic site near Belmont, Brown County, Indiana.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources
The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the U.S. state of Indiana. There are many divisions within the DNR and each has a specific role. The DNR is not only responsible for maintaining resource areas but also manages Indiana's fish and wildlife, reclaims coal mine ground, manages forested areas, aids in the management of wildlife on private lands, enforces Indiana's conservation laws, and many other duties not named here. According to the department's website, their mission is "to protect, enhance, preserve, and wisely use natural, cultural, and recreational resources for the benefit of Indiana's citizens through professional leadership, management, and education".
Benjamin Blencowe
Benjamin Joseph Blencowe FRS FRSC is a British and Canadian molecular biologist, currently appointed as Professor and Banbury Chair in Medical Research at the University of Toronto. He also serves as Director of the University of Toronto’s Donnelly Sequencing Centre. He teaches in the Department of Molecular Genetics and his lab is part of the Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Canada judges to have "made remarkable contributions in the arts, the humanities and the sciences, as well as in Canadian public life". As of 2020, there are more than 2,000 living Canadian fellows, including scholars, artists, and scientists such as Margaret Atwood, Philip J. Currie, David Suzuki, Brenda Milner, and Demetri Terzopoulos. There are four types of fellowship:

Honorary fellows (a title of honour)

Regularly elected fellows

Specially elected fellows

Foreign fellows (neither residents nor citizens of Canada)
Arrátel
The arrátel (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈʁatɛl]) was the base unit of weight in the Portuguese customary measurement system. Until the adoption of the metric system in the 19th century, the arrátel was used in Portugal, Brazil and other parts of the Portuguese Empire.

The real value of the arrátel fluctuated during the Middle Ages. Before king Pedro I, the main arrátel seems to have been an arrátel of 12.5 ounces. With Pedro I, the official arrátel increased to 14 ounces. Finally, the Portuguese arrátel was fixed at 16 ounces by decree of King Manuel I in 1499. This arrátel, which was kept as the national standard until the introduction of the metric system, was similar to the Spanish libra.

Ounce
The  ounce (/ˈaʊns/) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement.

The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is 1⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United States.

Although the avoirdupois ounce is the mass measure used for most purposes, the 'troy ounce' of exactly 31.1034768 g is used instead for the mass of precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium, etc.

The term 'ounce' is also used in other contexts:

The ounce-force is a measure of force (see below).

The fluid ounce is a measure of volume.

Historically, a variety of different ounces measuring mass or volume were used in different jurisdictions by different trades and at different times in history.
Arizona Stage Coach
Arizona Stage Coach is a 1942 American Western film directed by S. Roy Luby. The film is the sixteenth in Monogram Pictures' "Range Busters" series, and it stars Ray "Crash" Corrigan as Crash, John "Dusty" King as Dusty and Max "Alibi" Terhune as Alibi, with Nell O'Day, Charles King and Riley Hill.

This is the last film in the series with the original main cast; in the next film, Texas to Bataan, "Davy" Sharpe replaces "Crash" Corrigan.

Ray "Crash" Corrigan
Ray "Crash" Corrigan (born Raymond Benitz; February 14, 1902 – August 10, 1976) was an American actor most famous for appearing in many B-Western movies (among these the Three Mesquiteers and The Range Busters film series). He also was a stuntman and frequently acted as silver screen gorillas using his own gorilla costumes.

In 1937, Corrigan purchased land in the Santa Susana Mountains foothills in Simi Valley and developed it into a movie ranch called "Corriganville". The movie ranch was used for location filming in film serials, feature films, and television shows, as well as for the performance of live western shows for tourists. Bob Hope later bought the ranch in 1966 and renamed it "Hopetown". It is now a Regional Park and nature preserve.
Mauritania at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Mauritania competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris which took place from 26 July to 11 August 2024. It was the nation's eleventh appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut in 1984. The delegation consisted of two athletes: sprinter Salam Bouha Ahamdy, who competed in the women's 100 m event, and swimmer Camil Doua, who competed in the men's 50 m freestyle.

Ahamdy and Doua led the Mauritanian squad as the flagbearers in the opening ceremony, and the flag was held by a volunteer in the closing ceremony. Ahamdy ran a time of 13.71 and did not advance past her heat. Doua swam a time of 26.02 in his event, which was also not fast enough to advance to the next round; he finished 54th overall. Thus, Mauritania had yet to win an Olympic medal.

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres
The women's 100 metres at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held in four rounds at the Stade de France in Paris, France, on 2 and 3 August 2024. This was the twenty-third time that the women's 100 metres has been contested at the Summer Olympics. A total of 40 athletes qualified for the event by entry standard or ranking. Julien Alfred won Saint Lucia's first-ever Olympic medal after taking gold in the final.
Shinmen Munisai
Shinmen Munisai (新免 無二斎), also called Miyamoto Muninosuke, was a martial artist, expert in using the sword and the jitte. He was also the adopted father of the famous rōnin Miyamoto Musashi. He was the son of Miyamoto Musashi no kami Yoshimoto, a vassal of Shinmen Iga no Kami, the lord of Takayama Castle in the Yoshino district of Mimasaka Province. Munisai was relied upon by Lord Shinmen Sokan, the head of the Shinmen clan and so was allowed to use the Shinmen name. He was one of the few to have obtained the title of "Invincible Under The Sun", which was offered to him by the Shōgun Ashikaga.

Munisai founded his own ryūha: the Tōri Jitte Ryū, which was one of the schools taught to his adopted son Miyamoto Musashi, who conceived the Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū.

Jitte
A jitte (十手; "ten hands") is a blunt melee weapon that was used by police in Edo-period Japan (1603–1868). In English-language sources, it is sometimes incorrectly spelled jutte, such as in Ikkaku-ryū juttejutsu.
Nigerian Idol season 6
The sixth season of Nigerian Idol premiered on 14 March 2021 on Africa Magic Network on DStv channel 198. The show host is IK Osakioduwa, while Obi Asika, Seyi Shay and DJ Sose as judges. On 3 February 2021, the show, was made available for streaming in United Kingdom, Italy, France, Australia and 23 other countries, through the online streaming network Showmax. On 9 May 2021, the first live show kicked-off featuring the 11 contestants, who made it to the finals, as public voting opens to the fans for 10 weeks.

Africa Magic
Africa Magic is a collection of Pay TV entertainment channels that focus on African programming, most popularly Nigerian series and movies. Africa Magic, which started off as single channel of the same name, is a brand owned by M-Net and now comprises seven channels.
Coleraine River
The Coleraine river (in French: rivière Coleraine) is a tributary of lake Noir whose waters flow into lake Aylmer; the latter constitutes an extension of the Saint-François River. The course of the Coleraine river crosses the territory of the municipalities of Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine and Disraeli (parish), in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality of Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada.

Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.
Candidates of the 1912 Queensland state election
The 1912 state election in Queensland, Australia was held on 27 April 1912.

The main parties in the election were the Liberal Party, led by Premier Digby Denham and the Labor Party, led by Leader of the Opposition David Bowman.

The election was the first conducted under the Electoral Districts Act 1910 which allowed for 72 single-member electorates based on the principle of one vote, one value.

1912 Queensland state election
Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 27 April 1912 to elect the 72 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.

The election was the first for the recently formed Liberal government of Digby Denham, who had been premier since 7 February 1911. The opposition Labor Party was led by David Bowman, who had been Labor leader since 15 April 1907.

This election used contingent voting in single-member districts. Five districts that had been two-seat districts - Mackay, Maryborough, North Brisbane, Rockhampton and South Brisbane - were reformed and hereafter have only one seat.
New Jersey West Line Railroad
The New Jersey West Line Railroad was a proposed railroad running east and west across Northern New Jersey, of which the only part constructed was what is now the Gladstone Branch of New Jersey Transit between Summit and Bernardsville.  Some other remains of it can be found in Summit, Millburn, and Union Township.

Union Township, Union County, New Jersey
Union Township is a township in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In the 18th century, the area that is now Union was then called Connecticut Farms. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 59,728, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 3,086 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 56,642, which in turn had reflected an increase of 2,237 (+4.1%) from the 54,405 counted at the 2000 census.
Charlotte North
Charlotte North (born March 3, 1999) is an American lacrosse player for the Boston Guard of the Women's Lacrosse League. She formerly played on the Duke Blue Devils and Boston College Eagles, where she became a two-time Tewaaraton Award winner.

Tewaaraton Award
The Tewaaraton Award is an annual award for the most outstanding American college lacrosse men's and women's players, since 2001. It is the lacrosse equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy. The award is presented by The Tewaaraton Foundation and the University Club of Washington, D.C.

Lacrosse is the oldest sport played in North America and the award honors the Native American heritage of lacrosse in the name of its award, "Tewaaraton," the Mohawk name for their game and the progenitor of present-day lacrosse. The Tewaaraton Award has received the endorsement of the Mohawk Nation Council of Elders.  Each year, the award recognizes one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy: the Mohawk, Cayuga, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca and Tuscarora tribes.
Periostin
Periostin (POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene.  Periostin functions as a ligand for alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-5 integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells.

Periostin is a gla domain vitamin K dependent factor.

Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors).

Several types of integrins exist, and one cell generally has multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animal cells while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.
Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary
The Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary (PUTS) is a university and seminary located in the Gwangjin District, Seoul, South Korea. PUTS is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church of Korea. Its school motto is Pietatis et Scientia ("Piety and Knowledge").

Gwangjin District
Gwangjin District (Korean: 광진구; RR: Gwangjin-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul. It is located on the north bank of the Han River on the eastern end of Seoul. The district was split from the neighboring Seongdong District in 1995. Gwangjin District is home to Konkuk University and Sejong University.
Heather Reisman
Heather Maxine Reisman OC (born August 28, 1948) is a Canadian businesswoman and philanthropist. Reisman is the founder and chief executive of the Canadian retail chain Indigo Books and Music. She is the co-founder and past Chair of Kobo, and was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2019.

Kobo Inc.
Rakuten Kobo Inc., or simply Kobo, is a Canadian company that sells ebooks, audiobooks, e-readers and formerly tablet computers. It is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is a subsidiary of the Japanese e-commerce conglomerate Rakuten. The name Kobo is an anagram of book.
Luísa Dacosta
Luísa Dacosta (16 February 1927, in Vila Real as Maria Luísa Pinto Saraiva dos Santos –  15 February 2015, in Matosinhos) was a Portuguese writer. In 2010 she was awarded the Vergílio Ferreira Prize by the University of Evora.

University of Évora
The University of Évora (Universidade de Évora) is a public university in Évora, Portugal. It is the second-oldest university in the country, established in 1559 by the cardinal Henry, and it received University status in April of the same year from Pope Paul IV, as documented in his Cum a nobis papal bull. Running under the aegis of the Society of Jesus (also known as Jesuits) meant that the university was a target of the Marquis of Pombal's Jesuit oppression, being closed down permanently in 1779 and its masters either incarcerated or exiled.

It was reopened nearly two hundred years later in 1973 as Instituto Universitário de Évora (University Institute of Évora) by the decree of the Minister of Education, José Veiga Simão, in the site of the older university, as part of a set of education policies during the early 1970s that were attempting to reshape Portuguese higher education. Six years later, in 1979, the name was changed to Universidade de Évora.
Ambient cistern
The ambient cistern is a bilaterally paired (one on each side of the body) subarachnoid cistern situated at either lateral aspect of the mesencephalon (midbrain). Each ambient cistern has a supratentorial compartment and an infratentorial compartment. Each is continuous anteriorly with the interpeduncular cistern, and posteriorly with the quadrigeminal cistern.

Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum.

It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

The name mesencephalon comes from the Greek mesos, "middle", and enkephalos, "brain".
Victoria Park, Western Australia
Victoria Park (nicknamed Vic Park) is an inner suburb of Perth, the capital of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is located on the Swan River south-east of East Perth, and is linked to East Perth and the Perth central business district via The Causeway and Boorloo Bridge, which crosses Heirisson Island.

Victoria Park is mostly residential, with parkland on the Swan River and a commercial strip around Albany Highway. The suburb contains the intersection of three major arterial roads: Albany Highway, Canning Highway, and Great Eastern Highway. Its local government area is the Town of Victoria Park.

Heirisson Island
Heirisson Island is an artificially created island in the Swan River in Western Australia at the eastern end of Perth Water, within the suburb of East Perth. It occupies an area of 285,600 square metres (70.6 acres), and is connected to the two foreshores by the Causeway and the Boorloo Bridge. The next upstream island is Kuljak Island,  then Ron Courtney Island, with no islands in the Swan River downstream between Heirisson Island and the Indian Ocean other than the artificial islet in Elizabeth Quay.

Before development, there were several small islands, surrounded by mudflats. Over the years, dredging and reclamation has created a single island, which is now a landscaped nature reserve, with a 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) walking path. The Noongar name for the area is Matagarup (meaning 'leg deep'), which has been retained for the single island after reclamation.

Heirisson Island is listed on the Western Australia Department of Aboriginal Affairs' Register of Aboriginal Sites, as ID 3589.
Reformed Church, Copenhagen
Reformed Church (Danish: Reformert Kirke) in Gothersgade, opposite Rosenborg Castle, is a church building used by the reformed congregations in Copenhagen, Denmark. Consecrated in 1689, the church was instigated by Queen Charlotte Amalie, consort of King Christian V, who was herself a German Calvinist. The church is noted for its fine Baroque interiors which date from 1730 when it was restored after being damaged in the Copenhagen Fire of 1728.

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 – 27 March 1714) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian V. Although she did not have much political influence, she was a successful businesswoman in her many estates and protected foreign Protestant non-Lutherans from oppression. She gained popularity for defending Copenhagen from Swedish forces in 1700. The city of Charlotte Amalie was named after her in 1691.
HK Television Entertainment
HK Television Entertainment Company Limited (Chinese: 香港電視娛樂有限公司, or ViuTV) is a television service operator in Hong Kong, owned by Hong Kong billionaire Richard Li's PCCW. It operates through its subsidiary PCCW Media, which also owns the IPTV platform Now TV and runs the OTT service Viu.

PCCW
PCCW Limited (formerly known as Pacific Century CyberWorks Limited) is a Hong Kong–based information and communication technology (ICT) and telecommunications company.

The Company holds a majority stake in the HKT Trust and HKT Limited, and also holds a stake in Pacific Century Premium Developments Limited.

PCCW is headquartered in Hong Kong and operates in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Americas, mainland China, and other parts of Asia.
Maria, Lady Walpole
Maria, Lady Walpole (née Skerret, also spelled Skerritt, Skerrett; 1702 – 4 June 1738) was the second wife of British politician and Prime Minister Robert Walpole from before 3 March 1738 until her death in childbirth (miscarriage) three months later. She was buried in Church of St Martin on the Walpole estate at Houghton Hall in Norfolk, England.

Houghton Hall
Houghton Hall (/ˈhaʊtən/ HOW-tən) is a country house in the parish of Houghton in Norfolk, England. It is the residence of the 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley.

It was commissioned by the de facto first British Prime Minister, Sir Robert Walpole, in 1722, and is a key building in the history of Neo-Palladian architecture in England. It is a Grade I listed building surrounded by 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of parkland, and is a few miles from Sandringham House.
Max Lange Attack
The Max Lange Attack is a chess opening that can arise from several different opening lines, including the Two Knights Defense, Petroff's Defense, Scotch Gambit, Bishop's Opening, Center Game, and Giuoco Piano. Two of the most commonly seen move orders are 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 (the Two Knights Defense) 4.d4 exd4 5.0-0 Bc5 6.e5, and 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4 (the Scotch Gambit) Bc5 5.0-0 Nf6 6.e5.

The opening is named for the German master Max Lange, who suggested it in 1854.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
Sotho phonology
The phonology of Sesotho and those of the other Sotho–Tswana languages are radically different from those of "older" or more "stereotypical" Bantu languages. Modern Sesotho in particular has very mixed origins (due to the influence of Difaqane refugees) inheriting many words and idioms from non-Sotho–Tswana languages.

There are in total 39 consonantal phonemes (plus 2 allophones) and 9 vowel phonemes (plus two close raised allophones). The consonants include a rich set of affricates and palatal and postalveolar consonants, as well as three click consonants.

Phoneme
A phoneme (/ˈfoʊniːm/) is a set of similar speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word from another. All languages contain phonemes (or the spatial–gestural equivalent in sign languages), and all spoken languages include both consonant and vowel phonemes. Phonemes are studied under phonology, a branch of linguistics (a discipline encompassing language, writing, speech and related matters).

Phonemes are often represented, when written, as a glyph (a character) enclosed within two forward-sloping slashes /. For example, /k/ represents the phoneme or sound used at the beginning of the English-language word cat (as opposed to, say, the /b/ of bat).