hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William M. Connolly
William M. Connolly (born March 31, 1938) is a former justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court, appointed by Governor Ben Nelson in 1994. He attended Creighton University for both his undergraduate studies and his law degree. He is also a graduate of Creighton Preparatory School, class of 1956. He worked as the County Attorney of Adams County from 1967 to 1972, and was a Nebraska State Court of Appeals judge from 1992 to 1994. He has four children and six grandchildren.

Nebraska Supreme Court
The Nebraska Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Nebraska. The court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. Each justice is initially appointed by the governor of Nebraska; using the Missouri Plan, each justice is then subject to a retention vote for additional six-year terms. The six associate justices each represent a Supreme Court district; the chief justice is appointed (and retained) at-large.

Unlike most other states, with the exception of North Dakota, the Nebraska Supreme Court requires a supermajority of five justices of the seven to rule unconstitutional a legislative provision (the 48 others states require a simple majority).
Film applicator
A film applicator is a device used to evenly spread a substance, such as paint, ink, or cosmetics, over a substrate such as a drawdown card.

Applicators are usually metal bars that are manufactured to high tolerances to give consistent, repeatable results. Each bar will give a "theoretical wet film thickness" or, in other words, the thickness of the coating that should remain on the drawdown card after application. Even with high manufacturing tolerances, the actual wet film thickness can vary from 50% to 90% of the gap.

There are multiple types of bar applicators, their forms and uses are shown below. Film applicators follow the ASTM standard D823. Applicators can be used either manually or automatically.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Gajwel
Gajwel, officially Gajwel–Pragnapur, is a town and a municipality in Siddipet district of the Indian state of Telangana. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of 49.00 km2 (18.92 mi2). Gajwel, located about 53 km from Hyderabad on the Rajiv highway, is one of the fastest-developing towns in Telangana. It serves as a major political center and is the home constituency of the former Chief Minister of Telangana, K. Chandrashekar Rao. Gajwel has seen development in various sectors, including infrastructure projects like the Outer Ring Road (ORR) construction. The ORR, spanning approximately 21.92 kilometers, connects Gajwel with cities such as Hyderabad, Nagpur, Mumbai, Pune, and Nizamabad, improving connectivity and facilitating smoother travel.

K. Chandrashekar Rao
Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (born 17 February 1954), commonly known by his initials KCR, is an Indian politician currently representing the Gajwel Assembly constituency and who is first Chief Minister of Telangana who served for almost ten years. He is the founding leader of the Bharat Rashtra Samithi, a state party in India. serving as the third leader of the opposition in the Telangana Legislative Assembly from 2023. He is also the father of politicians K. Kavitha&K. T. Rama Rao.
Sutukoba
Sutukoba, sometimes referred to as Sutuko, is a village in The Gambia located in the Upper River Region, 332 km east of the capital Banjul and 38 km northeast of the regional capital Basse Santa Su. The population in 2013 was 3317.

Basse Santa Su
Basse Santa Su, usually known as Basse, is a town in the Gambia, lying on the south bank of the River Gambia. The easternmost major town in the nation, it is known for its important market. Basse is the capital of the Upper River Division, which is coterminous with the Basse Local Government Area. As of 2009, the town has an estimated population of 18,414. According to the 2013 census, the Basse LGA has 243,791 residents.

Famous people include Adama Barrow, the president of Gambia.
Hoberman mechanism
A Hoberman mechanism, or Hoberman linkage, is a deployable mechanism that turns linear motion into radial motion.

The Hoberman mechanism is made of two angulated rigid bars connected at a central point by a revolute joint, making it move much like a scissor mechanism. Multiple of these linkages can be joined together at the ends of the angulated bars by more revolute joints, expanding radially to make circle shaped mechanisms. The mechanism is a GAE (generalize angulated element) where the coupler curve is a radial straight line. This allows the Hoberman mechanism to act with a single degree of freedom, meaning that it is an over-constrained mechanism because the mobility formula predicts that it would have a smaller degree of freedom than it does, as the mechanism has more degrees of freedom than the mobility formula predicts.

The kinematic theory behind the Hoberman mechanism has been used to help further the understanding of mobility and foldability of deployable mechanisms.

Overconstrained mechanism
In mechanical engineering, an overconstrained mechanism is a linkage that has more degrees of freedom than is predicted by the mobility formula. The mobility formula evaluates the degree of freedom of a system of rigid bodies that results when constraints are imposed in the form of joints between the links.

If the links of the system move in three-dimensional space, then the mobility formula is

where N is the number of links in the system, j is the number of joints, and fi  is the degree of freedom of the ith joint.

If the links in the system move planes parallel to a fixed plane, or in concentric spheres about a fixed point, then the mobility formula is

If a system of links and joints has mobility M = 0 or less, yet still moves, then it is called an overconstrained mechanism.
1930 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1930 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1930. Incumbent Democratic Governor William J. Bulow declined to run for re-election to a third term, instead opting to successfully run for the U.S. Senate. The Republican nomination was hard-fought and the primary was crowded; because no candidate received 35% of the vote, state law required that the nomination be decided at a state party convention. There, former State Senator Warren Green, the last-place finisher in the primary, defeated Secretary of State Gladys Pyle, the plurality winner. In the general election, Green faced D. A. McCullough, the state's Rural Credits Commissioner and the Democratic nominee. Despite Bulow's success in the preceding two elections, Green defeated McCullough by a decisive margin—even as Bulow himself was elected to the U.S. Senate.

Warren Green (South Dakota politician)
Warren Everett Green (March 10, 1869 – April 27, 1945) was an American politician who served as the 13th governor of South Dakota.  Green, a Republican from Hazel, South Dakota, served from 1931 to 1933.  He was also a state senator from 1913 through 1915, and again from 1923 to 1927.
Vadim the Bold
Vadim the Bold (Russian: Вадим Храбрый) was a legendary chieftain of the Ilmen Slavs who led their struggle against Rurik and the Varangians in the 9th century.

According to the Nikon Chronicle, a historic 16th-century Russian chronicle that covered events of 859–1520 CE, the Novgorodians broke into rebellion against Rurik, their ruler, but his Varangian druzhina managed to quell the riots and murdered their leader, Vadim. The first modern Russian historian, Vasily Tatishchev, conjectured that Vadim's mother was the elder daughter of Gostomysl. Hence, Vadim was Rurik's elder cousin and had a better claim to the throne.

Rurik
Rurik (also spelled Rorik, Riurik or Ryurik; Church Slavonic: Рюрикъ, romanized: Rjurikŭ; Old Norse: Hrøríkʀ; died 879) was a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who, according to tradition, was invited to reign in Novgorod in the year 862. The Primary Chronicle states that Rurik was succeeded by his kinsman Oleg who was regent for his infant son Igor.

Traditionally, Rurik has been considered the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which was the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities, and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia, until the death of Feodor I in 1598. As a result, he is considered to be the traditional founder of the Russian monarchy.
King of the Nordic Twilight
King of the Nordic Twilight is the debut studio album by the Italian musician Luca Turilli. It was released in 1999 through Limb Music Productions.

Track 11 is unlisted on any form of the album. It is an a cappella rendition of a traditional Icelandic song by soprano Rannveig Sif Sigurdardottir. Sometimes the track is referred to by her name, or as "Lullaby", but the real name of this song is "Sofðu unga ástin mín" ("Sleep My Little Loved One")

A limited edition of the album was released as a digibook with an expanded booklet. A video for the song "The Ancient Forest of Elves" is included as a hidden feature on the disc.

Luca Turilli
Luca Turilli (born 5 March 1972) is an Italian composer, arranger, producer and multi-instrumentalist. He is the original guitarist and a founder of the symphonic power metal band Rhapsody, later called Rhapsody of Fire, for which he composed and arranged all music with his colleague Alex Staropoli from 1997 until 2011.

In the early 2000s, Turilli released a trilogy of solo studio albums and one studio album under the name of Luca Turilli's Dreamquest. After his split from Rhapsody of Fire, he released three studio albums under the name Luca Turilli's Rhapsody. In 2019 Turilli released a studio album with other former Rhapsody of Fire members under the name Turilli / Lione Rhapsody.

In 2020, he announced the release of his debut piano album.
Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings. Human genetics encompasses a variety of overlapping fields including: classical genetics, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, population genetics, developmental genetics, clinical genetics, and genetic counseling.

Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective  treatment and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for the genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics.  For information on the genetics of DNA repair defects related to accelerated aging and/or increased risk of cancer please see: DNA repair-deficiency disorder.

DNA repair-deficiency disorder
A DNA repair-deficiency disorder is a medical condition due to reduced functionality of DNA repair.

DNA repair defects can cause an accelerated aging disease or an increased risk of cancer, or sometimes both.
Italy national racquetball team
The Italy national racquetball team represents the Federazione Italiana Racquetball in racquetball international competitions. Is a member of the European Racquetball Federation and International Racquetball Federation.

Racquetball
Racquetball is a racquet sport and a team sport played with a hollow rubber ball on an indoor or outdoor court. Joseph Sobek invented the modern sport of racquetball in 1950, adding a stringed racquet to paddleball in order to increase velocity and control. Unlike most racquet sports, such as tennis and badminton, there is no net to hit the ball over, and, unlike squash, no tin (out of bounds area at the bottom of front wall) to hit the ball above. Also, the court's walls, floor, and ceiling are legal playing surfaces, with the exception of court-specific designated hinders being out-of-bounds. Racquetball is played between various players on a team who try to bounce the ball with the racquet onto the ground so it hits the wall, so that an opposing team's player cannot bounce it back to the wall.

The sport is similar to 40×20 American handball, which is played in many countries. It is also similar to the British sport Squash 57, which was called racketball before 2016.
Team 3D (esports)
Team 3D was an American esports organization that formerly had teams competing in Counter-Strike: Source, Warcraft 3, Dead or Alive 4, Halo 2, Painkiller, and Call of Duty. Team 3D was one of the most successful North American Counter-Strike teams and briefly became a part of the Championship Gaming Series (CGS). The owner Craig "Torbull" Levine decided not to continue the team after the demise of the CGS in 2009.

Championship Gaming Series
The Championship Gaming Series (CGS) was a professional esports league in the United States, that operated from 2007 to 2008. It was a global league that featured teams representing cities from around the world. The CGS aimed to bring a traditional sports league format to competitive gaming, with teams, franchises, and a regular season leading to playoffs and a championship. The CGS was preceded by the 2006 Championship Gaming Invitational, a television pilot featuring several future CGS players. The league was founded in 2007 and was owned and operated by DirecTV in association with British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) and STAR TV. Games played in the CGS included titles such as Counter-Strike: Source, FIFA, Dead or Alive 4, Project Gotham Racing 3, and Forza Motorsport 2. The league had a television broadcast deal, and matches were aired on various networks. Despite initial hype and investment, the CGS faced financial challenges and eventually ceased operations in 2008.
Corneliano d'Alba
Corneliano d'Alba is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,979 and an area of 10.3 square kilometres (4.0 sq mi).

Corneliano d'Alba borders the following municipalities: Alba, Baldissero d'Alba, Guarene, Montaldo Roero, Monticello d'Alba, Piobesi d'Alba, Sommariva Perno, and Vezza d'Alba.

Monticello d'Alba
Monticello d'Alba is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located on the left bank of the Tanaro river, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

It is home to one of the best preserved castles in Piedmont.
Pontiac Astre
The Pontiac Astre is a subcompact automobile that was marketed by Pontiac as a rebadged variant of the Chevrolet Vega. Initially marketed in Canada for model years 1973–1974, the Astre debuted in the U.S. for the 1975 model year, competing with other domestic and foreign subcompacts that included the Mercury Bobcat, Volkswagen Rabbit, and Toyota Corolla.

Built on the H-body platform, the car was available in hatchback, notchback, wagon, and panel delivery body styles. The Astre shared the aluminum-block 2.3 liter inline-four engine with the Vega through 1977, while the final 1977 models offered Pontiac's all-iron 2.5 liter inline-four engine as an option. The Astre was cancelled with the Vega at the end of the 1977 model year, although the wagon continued for 1978 and 1979, rebadged as part of the Pontiac Sunbird line. The word "astre" is Catalan for "star", a shared naming convention for the Vega.

Hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to the main interior of the car as a cargo area rather than just to a separated trunk. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second-row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume.

While early examples of the body configuration can be traced to the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the term itself to 1970. The hatchback body style has been marketed worldwide on cars ranging in size from superminis to small family cars, as well as executive cars and some sports cars. They are a primary component of sport utility vehicles.
Scott City, Missouri
Scott City is a city in Cape Girardeau and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 4,346 at the 2020 census. The Scott County portion of Scott City (the majority) is part of the Sikeston Micropolitan Statistical Area, while the Cape Girardeau County portion is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Jackson, Missouri
Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau-Jackson metropolitan area Area. The population of Jackson was 15,481 at the 2020 census.
Premazepam
Premazepam is a drug in the pyrrolodiazepine class. It is a partial agonist of benzodiazepine receptors and was shown in 1984 to possess both anxiolytic and sedative properties in humans but was never marketed.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Wikipedia @ 20
Wikipedia @ 20 is a book of essays about Wikipedia published by the MIT Press in late 2020, marking 20 years since the creation of Wikipedia. It was edited by academic and author Joseph M. Reagle Jr. and social researcher Jackie Koerner. Contributions came from 34 other Wikipedians, Wikimedians, academics, researchers, journalists, librarians, artists and others, reflecting on particular histories and future themes in Wikipedia discussions.

MIT Press
The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the open access movement in academic publishing.
Imad Abu Zureiq
Imad Mohammed Abu Zureiq (Arabic: عماد محمد أبو زريق) is a Syrian rebel leader who served a key role in the Yarmouk Army, an anti-Assad group in the Free Syrian Army, until he reconciled with the Bashar al-Assad regime in 2018.

Army of the Revolution
The Army of the Revolution (Arabic: جيش الثورة; Jaysh al-Thawrā) was a Syrian rebel alliance affiliated with the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army. It was composed of five FSA factions which mainly operated in the Daraa Governorate in southwestern Syria. One of its commanders stated that the group is a "temporary operations room" due to the separation between western and eastern Daraa, and that the "door is open" for other groups to join the alliance.
Chosen Home (TV series)
Chosen Home (Japanese: ぼくたちん家, transl. Bokutachinchi) is a 2025 Japanese television drama series starring Mitsuhiro Oikawa, Yuya Tegoshi, and Tamaki Shiratori. An episode was released every Sunday from October 12 to December 14, 2025, globally in Netflix, and aired in Japan on Nippon TV and in various OTT platforms such as Hulu and TVer.

Mitsuhiro Oikawa
Mitsuhiro Oikawa (及川 光博, Oikawa Mitsuhiro; born October 24, 1969, in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter, composer and  actor who is represented by the talent agency, Mother Enterprise. He graduated from Seijo Gakuen Junior High School and High School and Seijo University Faculty of Law. He is business partners with Horipro. His wife was actress and Takarazuka Revue graduate Rei Dan (July 2011 - Nov 2018).
Nicolas Wright
Nicolas Wright (born March 23, 1982) is a Canadian actor. Wright has performed on stage, television and film. In 2004, he received the "most promising newcomer" award at the Just for Laughs film festival in Montreal for his short film, Toutouffe. His credits include Hatley High (2003), Superstorm (2007), The Wild Hunt (2008), Afghan Luke (2011), and Independence Day: Resurgence (2016). He was nominated for an ACTRA Montreal Award for outstanding male performance for his acting in the movie White House Down (2013).

White House Down
White House Down is a 2013 American political action thriller film directed by Roland Emmerich and written by James Vanderbilt. The film stars Channing Tatum, Jamie Foxx, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Jason Clarke, Richard Jenkins, Joey King, and James Woods. In the film, a divorced U.S. Capitol Police officer attempts to rescue both his daughter and the President of the United States when a destructive terrorist assault occurs in the White House.

Released on June 28, 2013, by Sony Pictures Releasing through its Columbia Pictures label, White House Down received mixed reviews from critics, and grossed $205 million against a budget of $150M. White House Down was one of two 2013 films that dealt with a terrorist attack on the White House; the other, Olympus Has Fallen, was released three months earlier.
Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train
The Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train was a unique unit of the Royal Australian Navy. It was active only during the First World War, where it served in the Gallipoli and the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns. The Train was formed in February 1915 and stood down in May 1917. Throughout its existence, it was composed of Royal Australian Naval Reservists under the command of Lieutenant Commander Leighton Bracegirdle. Normally under the command of the British IX Corps, the Train also supported the I ANZAC Corps and Imperial Camel Corps in the defence of the Suez Canal.

They were the only Australian naval unit serving in a European theatre of war. They were therefore bent on proving, both to the Royal Navy and to the British Army, that they could overcome any difficulties.

The Train was Australia's most decorated naval unit of the First World War, with more than 20 decorations awarded to its sailors.

Imperial Camel Corps
The Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (ICCB) was a camel-mounted infantry brigade that the British Empire raised in December 1916 during the First World War for service in the Middle East.

From a small beginning the unit eventually grew to a brigade of four battalions, one battalion each from Great Britain and New Zealand and two battalions from Australia. Support troops included a mountain artillery battery, a machine gun squadron, Royal Engineers, a field ambulance, and an administrative train.

The ICC became part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) and fought in several battles and engagements, in the Senussi Campaign, the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, and in the Arab Revolt. The brigade suffered 246 men killed. The ICC was disbanded in May 1919 after the end of the war.