hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aura Herzog
Aura Herzog (Hebrew: אורה הרצוג (née Ambache, 24 December 1924 – 10 January 2022) was an Israeli social and environmental activist, who served as the First Lady of Israel from 1983 to 1993; she was the wife of Chaim Herzog, the sixth President of the State of Israel and mother of the current president, Isaac Herzog. In 1968, she founded the Council for a Beautiful Israel.

President of Israel
The president of the State of Israel (Hebrew: נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanized: Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or Hebrew: נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, romanized: Nesi HaMedina Arabic: رئيس دولة إسرائيل, romanized: Ra'īs Daūlat Isrāʾīl, lit. 'President of the State') is the head of state of Israel. The president is mostly, though not entirely, ceremonial; actual executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the prime minister. The incumbent president is Isaac Herzog, who took office on 7 July 2021. Presidents are elected by the Knesset for a single seven-year term.
Sommerfeld expansion
A Sommerfeld expansion is an approximation method developed by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1928 for a certain class of integrals which are common in condensed matter and statistical physics.  Physically, the integrals represent statistical averages using the Fermi–Dirac distribution.

When the inverse temperature  is a large quantity, the integral can be expanded in terms of  as

where  is used to denote the derivative of  evaluated at  and where the  notation refers to limiting behavior of order .  The expansion is only valid if  vanishes as  and  goes no faster than polynomially in  as .
If the integral is from zero to infinity, then the integral in the first term of the expansion is from zero to  and the second term is unchanged.

Thermodynamic beta
In statistical thermodynamics, thermodynamic beta, also known as coldness, is the reciprocal of the thermodynamic temperature of a system: (where T is the temperature and kB is Boltzmann constant).

Thermodynamic beta has units reciprocal to that of energy (in SI units, reciprocal joules, ). In non-thermal units, it can also be measured in byte per joule, or more conveniently, gigabyte per nanojoule; 1 K−1 is equivalent to about 13,062 gigabytes per nanojoule; at room temperature: T = 300K, β ≈ 44 GB/nJ ≈ 39 eV−1 ≈ 2.4×1020 J−1. The conversion factor is 1 GB/nJ =  J−1.
Ride, Rise, Roar
Ride, Rise, Roar is a documentary film chronicling the Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno Tour conducted by David Byrne in 2008–2009. The film includes concert footage, footage of the planning and rehearsals for the tour, and exclusive interviews with Byrne, Eno, and the supporting musicians and dancers.

David Byrne
David Byrne (/bɜːrn/; born May 14, 1952) is an American musician, writer, visual artist, and filmmaker. He was a founding member and the principal songwriter, lead singer, and guitarist of the new wave band Talking Heads.

Byrne was born in Dumbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, and moved to the US with his family as a child. He co-founded Talking Heads in 1975 in New York City. After releasing eight albums, including seven certified gold or platinum, Talking Heads disbanded in 1991.

Byrne has released solo recordings and worked with media including film, photography, opera, fiction, and non-fiction. He has collaborated with artists including Brian Eno, Fatboy Slim, X-Press 2, Ryuichi Sakamoto and St. Vincent. Byrne has received an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, a Special Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award, and was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of Talking Heads.
Pamela Franklin
Pamela Franklin (born 3 February 1950) is a British former actress. She is best known for her role as Sandy in the film The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969), for which she won a NBR Award and received a BAFTA Award nomination.

Franklin made her acting debut at the age of 11 in the film The Innocents (1961). She later established herself as a scream queen in the 1970s by appearing in the films Necromancy (1972) and The Legend of Hell House (1973).

National Board of Review
The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (NBR) is a non-profit organization of New York City area film enthusiasts.  Its awards, which are announced in early December, are considered the first major harbinger of the film awards season that culminates in the Academy Awards.
Penstemon retrorsus
Penstemon retrorsus, the adobe penstemon, is a rare species of penstemon only found along parts of Uncompahgre and Gunnison rivers in western Colorado. It grows on largely barren slopes of a shale deposit where not many plants are able to survive.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Kang Duk-soo
Kang Duk-soo (born 18 August 1950) is a Korean businessman. He currently serves as the chairman of STX Group, a South Korean conglomerate company (Chaebol), formerly known as SsangYong Heavy Industries.

He was born in Seonsan, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.

In 2014, Kang was sentenced for 6 years in prison for fraud, and in 2015, a court ruled that he was not guilty of accounting fraud.

STX Corporation
STX Corporation is a South Korean company that provides trading services and is publicly held. The company operates through two divisions: trade and ship maintenance. Its trade division deals with shipping and energy materials such as coal, oil, and steel. The ship maintenance division offers services such as cargo management, marine technical, insurance, crew management, and other related services. The headquarters of STX Corporation is located in Gyeongsangnamdo, South Korea.

The company had five local subsidiaries including STX Offshore & Shipbuilding, STX Engine, STX Heavy Industries, STX PanOcean and STX Energy.

STX Offshore & Shipbuilding was the world's fourth largest shipbuilder and in 2008 acquired Norwegian shipbuilder Aker Yards, to diversify their product line.
Domingo Espelta
Domingo Espelta Mussons (12 June 1893 – 17 December 1940) was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward for FC Barcelona between 1909 and 1918, winning two Catalan Championships (1910 and 1911) and the Pyrenees Cup in 1911. He later worked as a referee.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Strucht
Strucht is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is located in the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1603 as Strucht, and means "settlement with shrubbery". It used to belong to the Austrian Netherlands, but was traded with the Dutch Republic in 1785. Strucht was home to 264 people in 1840.

Strucht was a separate municipality until 1879, when it was merged with Schin op Geul. In 1982, it became part of the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
KWUL (AM)
KWUL (920 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to St. Louis, Missouri, and serving the Greater St. Louis media market. The station is owned by Louis Eckelkamp, through licensee East Central Broadcasting, LLC.  KWUL 920 airs an Americana radio format.  The studios and offices are on Hampton Avenue in St. Louis.

KWUL is a Class B station.  It transmits with 450 watts by day and 500 watts at night.  Its transmitter is near the Interstate 255/Illinois Route 255/Interstate 270 interchange, off Chain of Rocks Road in Edwardsville, Illinois.  Programming is also heard on FM translator K268CT, 101.5 MHz in St. Louis.

Americana music
Americana is a general term for country rock and rockabilly formed by the confluence of the shared and varied traditions that make up the musical ethos of the United States, with particular emphasis on music historically developed in the American South.
Tainei-ji incident
The Tainei-ji incident (大寧寺の変, Taineiji no Hen) was a coup d'etat in September 1551 led by Sue Takafusa (later known as Sue Harukata) against Ōuchi Yoshitaka, hegemon and shugo daimyō of western Japan, which ended in the latter's forced suicide in Tainei-ji, a temple in Nagato Province. The coup put an abrupt end to the prosperity of the Ōuchi clan, though they ruled western Japan in name for another six years under the figurehead Ōuchi Yoshinaga, who was not related to the Ōuchi by blood.

Ōuchi Yoshinaga
Ōuchi Yoshinaga (大内 義長; 1532 – 1 May 1557)

, formerly Ōtomo Haruhide (大友 晴英), was a 16th-century Kyushu warrior who was invited by Sue Harukata, who had just taken control of the Ōuchi clan, to serve as the official head of the Ōuchi while Sue pulled the strings from behind. Yoshinaga was the younger brother of Ōtomo Sōrin.

Following Mōri Motonari's victory over Sue in 1555 at Miyajima, Yoshinaga's position became quite vulnerable. Yoshinaga was forced to kill himself at Chōfukuji Temple in 1557, effectively causing the Ōuchi clan to become extinct.
Newman baronets of Stokeley and Mamhead (1836)
The Newman baronetcy of Stokeley and Mamhead in the County of Devon was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 17 March 1836 for Robert Newman (1776–1848), Member of Parliament for Exeter from 1818 until 1826 and High Sheriff of Devon in 1827.

Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert William Newman, 1st Baronet (18 August 1776 – 24 January 1848) was a British Whig politician. He was elected as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Bletchingley at a by-election in December 1812.

He held that seat until the 1818 general election, when he was returned for Exeter, and held the seat until the 1826 general election, which he did not contest.

He was created a baronet of Stokeley and of Mamhead in the County of Devon in 1836. He lived at Mamhead House, which he had built in the 1820s, employing Anthony Salvin as architect. He died, aged 71, and was succeeded by Sir Robert Lydston Newman, 2nd Baronet, who was killed in action at the battle of Inkerman.

He was high sheriff of Devon in 1827.
Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)
George Kelly Barnes (July 18, 1895 – July 18, 1954), better known by his nickname Machine Gun Kelly, was an American gangster from Memphis, Tennessee, active during the Prohibition era. His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a Thompson submachine gun. He is best known for the kidnapping of oil tycoon and businessman Charles F. Urschel in July 1933, from which he and his gang collected a $200,000 ransom (equivalent to $4.89 million in 2025). Urschel had collected and left considerable evidence that assisted the subsequent FBI investigation, which eventually led to Kelly's arrest in Memphis on September 26, 1933. His crimes also included bootlegging and armed robbery.

Rum-running
Rum-running, or bootlegging, is the illegal business of smuggling alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law. The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land.

Smuggling circumvents alcohol taxes and outright prohibition of alcohol sales.
1988 Delaware 500
The 1988 Delaware 500 was the 23rd stock car race of the 1988 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 18th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, September 18, 1988, before an audience of 56,500 in Dover, Delaware at Dover Downs International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Melling Racing's Bill Elliott managed to dominate a majority of the race, leading 392 laps to take his 29th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his sixth and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Richard Childress Racing's Dale Earnhardt and Blue Max Racing's Rusty Wallace would finish second and third, respectively.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Kabuscorp S.C.P. (handball)
Kabuscorp S.C.P. is a sports club from Luanda, Angola. The men's and women's handball teams compete at the Luanda Provincial Handball Championships and at the Angola National Handball Championships as well as at continental level, at the annual African Handball Champions League competitions.

African Handball Champions League
African Handball Champions League is an annual international club handball competition run by the African Handball Confederation. The top club sides from Africa's handball leagues are invited to participate in the tournament, which serves as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Super Globe.
The Tuneful Trolley
The Tuneful Trolley was an American psych-pop sextet from the late 1960s. Originally a high school band called "The Mark of Quality" from Suffolk County, Long Island, they were discovered and renamed by Sandy Yaguda of Jay and the Americans. Yaguda helped the band sign with Capitol Records and produced their first and only album, Island in the Sky.

Psychedelic pop
Psychedelic pop (or acid pop) is a genre of pop music that contains musical characteristics associated with psychedelic music. Developing in the mid-to-late 1960s, elements included "trippy" features such as fuzz guitars, tape manipulation, backwards recording, sitars, and Beach Boys-style harmonies, wedded to melodic songs with tight song structures. The style lasted into the early 1970s. It has seen revivals in subsequent decades by neo-psychedelic artists.
Starfall (website)
Starfall is a children's website that teaches basic English reading and writing skills. The main demographic is toddlers, preschoolers, through fifth graders (ages 1-11 years). It teaches children how to read by using games and phonics. Methods used by the website are based on the research of G. Reid Lyon from the National Institutes of Health and Edward J. Kame'enui from the University of Oregon. Established in 2002, the website is free to use and does not use advertising to generate revenue. The cost of running it is instead covered by money from Blue Mountain Arts, as well as the money made from its workbook printouts.

Susan Polis Schutz
Susan Polis Schutz (born May 23, 1944) is an American poet, filmmaker and businesswoman who co-founded the greeting card and book publisher Blue Mountain Arts. She is the mother of Colorado Governor Jared Polis.
Bergþóra Árnadóttir
Bergþóra Árnadóttir (15 February 1948 – 8 March 2007) was an Icelandic folk song composer and singer. Many of her songs were built around the lyrics of Icelandic poets. In the mid 1970s, she hosted and performed in one of Icelandic TVs first music shows, Kvartett Guðmundar Steingríms.

She was the mother of Pirate Party's leader Birgitta Jónsdóttir.

Icelandic literature
Icelandic literature refers to literature written in Iceland or by Icelandic people. It is best known for the sagas written in medieval times, starting in the 13th century. As Icelandic and Old Norse are almost the same, and because Icelandic works constitute most of Old Norse literature, Old Norse literature is often considered a subset of Icelandic literature. However, works by Norwegians are present in the standard reader Sýnisbók íslenzkra bókmennta til miðrar átjándu aldar, compiled by Sigurður Nordal on the grounds that the language was the same.
Gertrude Kulany
Gertrude Kulany (23 November 1951 –  28 January 2021) was a Ugandan legislator, politician, and anti-female genital mutilation activist. Kulany served in the Constituent Assembly in 1994, and later represented Kapchorwa District as a Woman Member of Parliament between 2001 and 2006 in Uganda's seventh parliament.

Rukiya Chekamondo
Rukiya Kulany Chekamondo (born 7 October 1965), sometimes spelled as Rukia Kulany Chekamondo, is a Ugandan educator and politician. She was the State Minister for Privatization in the Ministry of Finance, from June 2006 until May 2011. In the cabinet reshuffle of 27 May 2011, she was dropped from the cabinet and replaced by Aston Kajara. She also served as the elected Member of Parliament (MP), for Kapchorwa District Women's Representative, from 2006 until 2011. During the 2011 national elections, she was defeated by the current incumbent MP, Phyllis Chemutai, an Independent politician.
Granvelle Palace, Brussels
The Granvelle Palace (French: Palais Granvelle; Dutch: Granvellepaleis) was a 16th-century Renaissance palace in Brussels, Belgium. It was originally built for Cardinal Archbishop Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle and was located in the former Putterie/Putterij district, between the Rue des Sols/Stuiversstraat and the Rue de l'Impératrice/Keizerinstraat, near today's Brussels-Central railway station.

The deeply redesigned Granvelle Palace served as the main seat of the Free University of Brussels between 1842 and 1928. It was demolished in 1931 to make way for the North–South connection, a major railway link through central Brussels. The Ravenstein Gallery was built on its site.

North–South connection
The North–South connection (French: Jonction Nord-Midi; Dutch: Noord-Zuidverbinding) is a railway link of national and international importance through central Brussels, Belgium, that connects the major railway stations in the city. It is line 0 (zero) of the Belgian rail network. With 1200 trains a day, it is the busiest railway line in Belgium and the busiest railway tunnel in the world. It has six tracks and is used for passenger trains, or rarely for a maintenance train when work is to be done on the railway infrastructure inside the North–South connection itself, but not for freight trains. It is partially underground (around Brussels-Central railway station) and partially raised above street level.
Marcel Mathis
Marcel Mathis (born December 24, 1991) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria. Born in Hohenems, Vorarlberg, he primarily competed on the European Cup circuit, but raced in several World Cup events, all in giant slalom.

Mathis' first top result in World Cup was his third place in giant slalom in Bansko, Bulgaria, on February 18, 2012. He was in 26th place after the first run but had the fastest second run to attain the podium. It was also his first top twenty finish at the World Cup level. He finished seventh the following week in Crans-Montana for his second top ten in as many weeks. A third success of this season came three weeks later in Schladming, where he attained the podium again with an excellent second run.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Order and Chaos
Order and Chaos is a variant of the game tic-tac-toe on a 6×6 gameboard. It was invented by Stephen Sniderman and introduced by him in Games magazine in 1981. The player Order strives to create a five-in-a-row of either Xs or Os. The opponent Chaos endeavors to prevent this.

Glossary of board games
This glossary of board games explains commonly used terms in board games, in alphabetical order.

For a list of:

board games, see List of board games;

terms specific to chess, see Glossary of chess;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems.
Turrania gens
The gens Turrania, occasionally written Turania or Tyrannia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the time of Varro, but none of them ever rose any higher than the praetorship.

Marcus Terentius Varro
Marcus Terentius Varro (116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was described by Petrarch as "the third great light of Rome" (after Virgil and Cicero). He is sometimes called Varro Reatinus ("Varro of Rieti") to distinguish him from his younger contemporary Varro Atacinus ("Varro of Atax").
2016 North Carolina Council of State election
Elections were held in North Carolina on November 8, 2016, to select the ten officers of the North Carolina Council of State. This elections coincided with the presidential election, elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the Senate and state elections to the General Assembly and judiciary. Primary elections were held March 15.

The ten members of the North Carolina Council of State are statewide-elected officers serving four-year terms. The pre-election partisan makeup of the Council of State consisted of 6 Democrats and 4 Republicans. After the election, the partisan makeup was reversed, with 6 Republicans and 4 Democrats winning. Three incumbents were defeated: Governor Pat McCrory (R), Superintendent of Public Education June Atkinson (D), and Commissioner of Insurance Wayne Goodwin (D).

Additionally, Republicans flipped the Treasurer in an open race from the Democrats, while Democrats held the open Attorney General race.

2016 North Carolina elections
North Carolina's state elections were held on November 8, 2016.

All 120 seats of the North Carolina House of Representatives and all 50 seats of the North Carolina Senate, as well as the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Treasurer, and Secretary of State were up for election.
Bhagadatta
Bhagadatta (Sanskrit: भगदत्त) is a character in the ancient Indian epic, the Mahabharata. was the son of Naraka, the king of Pragjyotisha in Hindu mythology. Bhagadatta was born from a limb of the asura called Bashkala. He was a renowned warrior, and was known to be a great friend of Indra. When Arjuna embarked on a conquest to help his brother Yudhishthira perform the rajasuya yajna, Bhagadatta was one of the first kings to be conquered by him.

He was particularly skilled in the use of elephants in warfare. Riding on his elephant Supratika, he fought for the Kauravas in the Kurukshetra War. He was succeeded by his son Vajradatta. He was the leader of the army of Kiratas and Chinas in the war.

Kaurava
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term referring to descendant of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic Mahabharata. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari. Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and Chitrasena are the most popular among the brothers. They also had a sister named  Dussala and a half-brother named Yuyutsu.