hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rotational grazing
In agriculture, rotational grazing, as opposed to continuous grazing, describes many systems of pasturing, whereby livestock are moved to portions of the pasture, called paddocks, while the other portions rest. Each paddock must provide all the needs of the livestock, such as food, water and sometimes shade and shelter. The approach often produces lower outputs than more intensive animal farming operations, but requires lower inputs, and therefore sometimes produces higher net farm income per animal.

Field (agriculture)
In agriculture, a field is an area of land, enclosed or otherwise, used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops or as a paddock or enclosure for livestock.  A field may also be an area left to lie fallow or as arable land.

Many farms have a field border, usually composed of a strip of shrubs and vegetation, used to provide food and cover necessary for the survival of wildlife. It has been found that these borders may lead to an increased variety of animals and plants in the area, but also in some cases a decreased yield of crops.
ITTF Challenge Series
The ITTF Challenge Series was an annual series of table tennis tournaments organised by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Initially created in 2013 as the third tier of the ITTF World Tour (below the Super Series and Major Series), the Challenge Series became a separate tour in 2017. It was the ITTF's secondary tour, below the World Tour.

Starting from 2019, the series had two tiers: ITTF Challenge Plus and ITTF Challenge. Canada, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Paraguay, and Portugal were announced as host for the Challenge Plus tournaments for the 2019 season.

Since 2021, the ITTF Challenge Series has been effectively replaced by the newly created World Table Tennis Feeder Series.

World Table Tennis (ITTF)
World Table Tennis, stylized as WTT, is an organization created by the ITTF in 2019 that runs commercialized table tennis tournaments. Its inaugural tournament was held in November 2020 in Macao. It is distinguished from the predecessor ITTF World Tour by various rules changes and big prize money for commercialized purposes. The head of its council is Liu Guoliang, a former Olympic gold medalist and former head coach of China. The WTT is headquartered in Singapore, with other offices in China, Europe, and the US.
Autoerotic (2011 film)
Autoerotic is a 2011 comedy-drama film directed by Joe Swanberg and Adam Wingard, written by Swanberg, Wingard, and Simon Barrett, and starring Kate Lyn Sheil, Amy Seimetz, Lane Hughes, Kris Swanberg, Ti West, and Frank V. Ross.  IFC Midnight released it to video on demand on July 22, 2011.

Kris Swanberg
Kris Swanberg (born Kristin Williams; 1980 or 1981) is an American businesswoman, filmmaker, actress and former high school teacher living in Chicago, Illinois. She has been credited at various times as Kris Williams, Kris Swanberg and Kris Rey. Her works as a director include the short documentary Bathwater (2006), the Nerve.com documentary web series Boys and Girls and the feature films It Was Great, But I Was Ready to Come Home (2009), Empire Builder (2012), Unexpected (2015) and I Used to Go Here (2020). She has also had small roles in a number of films, including First Man (2018).

From 2007 to 2019 she was married to filmmaker Joe Swanberg. The two co-directed, co-produced and co-starred in the 2006-2009 Nerve.com web series Young American Bodies; she also had acting roles in a number of his films.
Stefania Croce
Stefania Croce (born 17 May 1970) is an Italian professional golfer, who played on the Ladies European Tour and LPGA Tour. She won the 1992 Ford Ladies' Classic and lost a playoff to Juli Inkster at the 2000 LPGA Championship.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Blind Spot (2009 film)
Blind Spot (French: Lucidité passagère) is a 2009 Canadian drama film. A collective film directed by Fabrice Barrilliet, Nicolas Bolduc, Julien Knafo and Marie-Hélène Panisset, it centres on a group of friends who are undergoing personal crises as they enter their 30s.

The film's cast includes Daniel Parent, Hélène Florent, Erik Duhamel, Mario Saint-Amand, Maxim Roy, Sylvain Bissonnette, Judith Baribeau, Pierre-Olivier Fortier, Jean-René Ouellet, Karolyne Barrilliet, Vassili Schneider, Leanne Hebert-Nguyen, Vanessa Brown, Dominique Desrochers, Marianne Farley, Dominic Leblanc and Brigitte Paquette.

The film premiered at the Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur in October 2009, before going into theatrical release in 2010.

Knafo received a Jutra Award nomination for Best Original Music at the 13th Jutra Awards in 2011.

Maxim Roy
Maxim Roy (born March 7, 1972) is a Canadian actress, who acts mainly in Francophone media. In English, she is best known for playing Detective Isabelle Latendresse in the English-language version of the Canadian police drama television series 19-2, Jocelyn Fray in the fantasy series Shadowhunters, and Mob mistress Michelle in Bad Blood.
1909 Georgia Railroad strike
The Georgia Railroad strike of 1909, also known as the Georgia race strike, was a labor strike that involved white firemen working for the Georgia Railroad that lasted from May 17 to May 29. White firemen, organized under the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen (B of LF&E), resented the hiring of African American firemen by the railroad and accompanying policies regarding seniority. The labor dispute ended in Federal mediation under the terms of the Erdman Act, with the mediators deciding in favor of the railroad on all major issues.

Erdman Act
The Erdman Act of 1898 was a United States federal law regulating railroad labor disputes.  The law provided arbitration for disputes between the interstate railroads and their workers organized into unions.
2023 Super 50 Cup
The 2023 Super 50 Cup, known for sponsorship reasons as the 2023 Evoke Super 50 Cup, was the 50 over section of the ninth Women's Super Series competition, that took place in Ireland. The tournament took place between June and September 2023, following the Twenty20 Super 20 Trophy. Three teams competed in a triple round-robin group stage: Dragons, Scorchers and Typhoons.

The tournament was won by Typhoons, who won four of their six matches.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
HNLMS O 15
O 15 was a O 12-class submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy that saw service during World War II. It was the only submarine of the O 12 class built by Wilton-Fijenoord of Rotterdam. It was one of many Dutch ships doing convoy duty during the Spanish Civil War. When World War II broke out O 15 was stationed in Curaçao. It returned to Europe and was based in Dundee, whence it patrolled the coast of Norway and accompanied convoys to Arkhangelsk. The sub survived World War II and was taken out of active duty just after the Japanese surrender. It was demolished in 1946 in Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht.

Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht (Dutch: [ˈɦɛndrɪk ˈidoː ˈɑmbɑxt] ⓘ) is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands. It is located on the island of IJsselmonde, and borders with Zwijndrecht, Ridderkerk, and the Noord River (with Alblasserdam and Papendrecht on the other side).

The jurisdiction of the municipality covers an area of 11.90 km2 (4.59 sq mi) of which 1.29 km2 (0.50 sq mi) is water. The municipality comprises no other population centres.
Cornish mythology
Cornish mythology is the folk tradition and mythology of the Cornish people. It consists partly of folk traditions developed in Cornwall and partly of traditions developed by Britons elsewhere before the end of the first millennium, often shared with those of the Breton and Welsh peoples. Some of this contains remnants of the mythology of pre-Christian Britain.

The folklore of Cornwall often consists of tales of giants, mermaids, Bucca, piskies or the 'pobel vean' (little folk.) These tales are still popular today, with some events hosting a 'droll teller' or storyteller, to share Cornish myths and legends. The myths and stories of Cornwall have found much publishing success, particularly in children's books. The fairy tale Jack the Giant Killer takes place in Cornwall. Many early British legends associate King Arthur with Cornwall, putting his birthplace at Tintagel, the court of King Mark of Cornwall, uncle of Tristan and husband of Iseult, the most famous Cornish lovers.

Mark of Cornwall
Mark of Cornwall (Latin: Marcus, Cornish: Margh, Welsh: March or Marchell, Breton: Marc'h) was a sixth-century King of Cornwall, possibly identical with King Conomor. As Mark or Marc (Marc'h), he is best known for his appearance in Arthurian legend as the uncle of Tristan and the husband of Iseult, who engages with Tristan in a secret liaison, giving Mark the epithet "Cuckold King".
Bronte, New Zealand
Bronte, a locality in the Tasman District of New Zealand, lies between Richmond and Māpua.

Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), the eponym of the Nelson Region, became Duke of Bronte (in Sicily)
in 1799.
(The Bronte area in New Zealand formed part of the former Nelson Province from 1853 to 1876, and subsequently part of the Nelson Provincial District prior to the formation of the Tasman District in 1992.)

Richmond, Tasman
Richmond (Māori: Waimea) is a town and the seat of the Tasman District Council in New Zealand. It lies 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Nelson in the South Island, close to the southern extremity of Tasman Bay. The town, first settled by Europeans in 1842, was named in 1854 after the town of Richmond on Thames near London. The town has an estimated population of 19,950 as of June 2025.

Although most of Richmond lies outside the boundaries of Nelson City and the town is considered a separate urban area, Richmond is part of the wider Nelson metropolitan area along with nearby Brightwater, Hope, Māpua and Wakefield. The two unitary authorities (Nelson and Tasman) co-operate for tourism-marketing purposes via "Latitude Nelson". As of 2020 Richmond forms part of the Nelson parliamentary electorate.
Banksia telmatiaea
Banksia telmatiaea, commonly known as swamp fox banksia or rarely marsh banksia, is a shrub that grows in marshes and swamps along the lower west coast of Australia. It grows as an upright bush up to 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) tall, with narrow leaves and a pale brown flower spike, which can produce profuse quantities of nectar. First collected in the 1840s, it was not published as a separate species until 1981; as with several other similar species it was previously included in B. sphaerocarpa (fox banksia).

The shrub grows amongst scrubland in seasonally wet lowland areas of the coastal sandplain between Badgingarra and Serpentine in Western Australia. A little studied species, not much is known of its ecology or conservation biology. Reports suggest that a variety of birds and small mammals pollinate it. Like many members of the series Abietinae, it has not been considered to have much horticultural potential and is rarely cultivated.

Banksia leptophylla
Banksia leptophylla is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has narrow linear leaves, heads of yellow or pale brown flowers with a yellow or purple style and later, up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.
PhyreEngine
PhyreEngine is a license-only free to use game engine from Sony Interactive Entertainment, compatible with PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, PlayStation VR, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo Switch, Microsoft Windows (for OpenGL and DirectX 11), Google Android and Apple iOS. PhyreEngine has been adopted by several game studios and has been used in over 200 published titles.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
Flag of New South Wales
The current state flag of New South Wales was officially adopted in 1876. The flag is based on the defaced British Blue Ensign with the state badge located in the fly. The badge, based on the coat of arms, is a white disc with the cross of St George, a golden lion passant guardant in the centre of the cross and an eight-pointed gold star on each arm of the cross.

Flag of Victoria (state)
The state flag of Victoria is a British Blue Ensign defaced by the state badge of Victoria in the fly.  The badge is the Southern Cross surmounted by St Edward's Crown. The stars of the Southern Cross are white and range from five to eight points with each star having one point pointing to the top of the flag. The flag dates from 1870, with minor variations, the last of which was in 1901. It is the only Australian state flag not to feature the state badge on a round disc.
St Columba's Catholic Church, Glasgow
St Columba's Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Woodside, Glasgow, Scotland. It was completed in 1941 and designed by Gillespie, Kidd & Coia. It is situated on Hopehill Road south west of Garscube Road. From 2005 until 2016 it was served by priests from the Dominican Order. Since 2016 it has been served by the Holy Ghost Fathers. It is a category A listed building.

Congregation of the Holy Spirit
The Congregation of the Holy Spirit (officially the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary; Latin: Congregatio Sancti Spiritus sub tutela Immaculati Cordis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae) is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are often known as Holy Ghost Fathers or, in continental Europe and the Anglosphere, as Spiritans, and members use the postnominals CSSp.
Melany Fortes
Melany Maria Monteiro Fortes (born 12 May 2000), nicknamed Melatcha,  is a Cape Verdean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Campeonato Nacional Feminino club S.C. Braga and the Cape Verde national football team.

Campeonato Nacional Feminino
The Campeonato Nacional Feminino (English: Women's National Championship), also known as Liga BPI for sponsorship reasons, is the top-tier women's association football league in Portugal and part of the various women's football competitions in Portugal. It is run by the Portuguese Football Federation and began in 1993. An initial ten teams compete in the league, which replaced the Taça Nacional as the highest level of women's football in Portugal. The current champions are Benfica, who won their fourth consecutive title in 2023–24. The most successful team is S.U. 1º de Dezembro, with 12 titles.
Datong (instrument)
The datong (大筒) is a bowed string instrument in the huqin family, and is used as an accompanying instrument in the huaguxi opera tradition of Hunan, China. Referring to this role, the instrument is also referred to huagu datong (花鼓大筒).

Traditionally the datong was constructed with a bamboo body, and covered on the playing end with snakeskin. Its neck is made of hardwood. Silk strings were used in the past, but most contemporary players use steel strings.

The datong is held upright on the lap when played.

The datong should not be confused with the datongxian (also called daguangxian), another type of Chinese fiddle that is used in Taiwan and Fujian.

Daguangxian
The daguangxian (simplified Chinese: 大广弦; traditional Chinese: 大廣弦; pinyin: dàguǎngxián; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-kóng-hiân; lit. 'great broad bowstring') is a Chinese bowed two-stringed musical instrument in the huqin family of instruments, held on the lap and played upright. It is used primarily in Taiwan and Fujian, among the Hakka and Min Nan people.

It is also referred to as datongxian (Chinese: 大筒弦), guangxian (simplified Chinese: 广弦; traditional Chinese: 廣弦; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóng-hiân), and daguanxian (Chinese: 大管弦; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-koán-hiân).
Ernst Ottwalt
Ernst Ottwalt (13 November 1901 – 24 August 1943) was the pen name of German writer and playwright Ernst Gottwalt Nicolas. A communist,  he fled Nazi Germany in 1934 and went into exile in the Soviet Union, where he fell victim to the Great Purge and died in a Soviet gulag. Later, when the Allies of World War II prosecuted Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials, the chief prosecutor from the Soviet Union quoted from an anti-Nazi book by Ottwalt.

Erwin Piscator
Erwin Friedrich Maximilian Piscator (17 December 1893 – 30 March 1966) was a German theatre director and producer. Along with Bertolt Brecht, he was the foremost exponent of epic theatre, a form that emphasizes the socio-political content of drama, rather than its emotional manipulation of the audience or the production's formal beauty.
António Joaquim de Medeiros
António Joaquim de Medeiros (Chinese: 明德祿; 15 October 1846 – 7 January 1897) was a Portuguese prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Portugal, and ordained in 1871. By the mid-1870s he was working in Portuguese Macau, and in 1877 he travelled to Portuguese Timor to serve in the Catholic missions there. In 1882, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Goa, and in 1884 he was selected Bishop of Macau. He served in that position until his death in 1897.

Portuguese Timor
Portuguese Timor (Portuguese: Timor Português) was a Portuguese colony on the territory of present-day Timor-Leste from 1702 until 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of Timor with the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)

The first Europeans to arrive in the region were the Portuguese in 1515. Dominican friars established a presence on the island in 1556, and the territory was declared a Portuguese colony in 1702. Following the beginning of the Carnation Revolution (a Lisbon-instigated decolonisation process) in 1975, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia. However, the invasion was not recognised as legal by the United Nations (UN), which continued to regard Portugal as the legal Administering Power of East Timor. The independence of East Timor was finally achieved in 2002 following a UN-administered transition period.
Burdwan Municipal High School
Burdwan Municipal High School (BMHS), located at the heart of Bardhaman, a town 95 km north-west of Kolkata, is one of the oldest boys' schools in India. The school was established in 1883 by Maharshi Debendranath Tagore, along with Adi Brahmo Samaj as Brahmo Samaj Boys' School. The school is located at the heart of Burdwan.

Debendranath Tagore
Debendranath Tagore (15 May 1817 – 19 January 1905; birth name: Debendronath Thakur) was an Indian philosopher and religious reformer, active in the Brahmo Samaj (earlier called Brahmo Sabha) ("Society of Brahma", also translated as Society of God). He joined Brahmo samaj in 1842. He was the founder in 1848 of the Brahmo religion, which today is synonymous with Brahmoism. Born in Shilaidaha, his father was the industrialist Dwarakanath Tagore; many of his 14 children, including Nobel Prize winning poet Rabindranath Tagore, made significant artistic or literary contributions to society.
Wilyakali
The Wilyakali or Wiljaali are an Aboriginal Australian people of around the Darling River basin in Far West of New South Wales, as well as west of the state border, into South Australia. Their traditional lands centred on the towns of Broken Hill and Silverton and surrounding country.

Silverton, New South Wales
Silverton is a village at the far west of New South Wales, Australia, 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of Broken Hill. At the 2021 census, Silverton had a population of 48.

Silverton sprang up after the discovery of rich silver deposits, although it was soon eclipsed by an even richer silver-lead-zinc ore body at nearby Broken Hill. It is often referred to as a ghost town; however, there remains a small permanent population and a few businesses, mainly related to tourism.
Shikaar (2004 film)
Shikaar is a 2004 Bollywood action thriller film directed by Darshan Bagga. The film stars Jaz Pandher and Kanishka Kapoor in lead roles with Raj Babbar, Danny Denzongpa, Prem Chopra, Shakti Kapoor, Ashish Vidyarthi, Tej Sapru, Shweta Menon and Saadhika Randhawa in supporting roles.

Shakti Kapoor
Shakti Kapoor (born Sunil Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in over 700 films. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011. He contested in Bigg Boss to prove to his children he can stay away from alcohol.
Kalenberg, Drenthe
Kalenberg is a hamlet in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality Hoogeveen, Drenthe, about 4 km northwest of the town of Hogeveen.

It was first mentioned in 1846 as Kalenberg, and means "bare hill". It is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Fluitenberg. It consists of about 7 houses. Since 2007, it is home to a vineyard.

Hoogeveen
Hoogeveen (Dutch: [ˌɦoːɣəˈveːn] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: 't Ogeveine or  't Oveine) is a municipality and town in the Dutch province of Drenthe. It is located in the south of the province and shares a provincial border with Overijssel. The municipality has a population of 56,897 (2025), of which 40,560 reside in the town of Hoogeveen itself. The second largest population center in the municipality is Hollandscheveld.

Hoogeveen was developed in the 17th century as a peat colony. Today it is a central town with many urban amenities. There is a wide range of shops and substantial employment in industry. Religiously, the town is highly fragmented.