hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alex Drum Hawkes
Alex Drum Hawkes  (1927–1977) was an American botanist and cookbook author who lived in Coconut Grove, Florida and  Kingston, Jamaica. Hawkes specialized in orchids, bromeliads, palm trees, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Named the orchid genera Flickingeria, and Paraphalaenopsis and travelled the world extensively, particularly the Caribbean and Latin America during the 1940s to the 1970s collecting plants and authentic regional recipes.

Dendrobium
Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, including China, Japan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea, Vietnam and many of the islands of the Pacific. Orchids in this genus have roots that creep over the surface of trees or rocks, rarely having their roots in soil. Up to six leaves develop in a tuft at the tip of a shoot and from one to a large number of flowers are arranged along an unbranched flowering stem. Several attempts have been made to separate Dendrobium into smaller genera, but most have not been accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
Usnea galapagona
Usnea galapagona is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. The lichen is easily recognized by its special structure. It has a tough, glass-like outer layer, a thick central core, and a very faint, almost invisible inner layer. This lichen stands upright and has a reddish colour near its base. Its branches split unevenly and are generally few in number, without any small, hair-like structures.

Medulla (lichenology)
The medulla is a horizontal layer within a lichen thallus.  It is a loosely arranged layer of interlaced hyphae below the upper cortex and photobiont zone, but above the lower cortex. The medulla generally has a cottony appearance.  It is the widest layer of a heteromerous lichen thallus.
Rivière Du Poste
Rivière Du Poste is a village in the southern part of Mauritius located in both Savanne and Grand Port districts. The locality is about 19 miles (30 km) south of Port Louis, the nation's capital.  The village is administered by the Rivière du Poste Village Council under the aegis of the Savanne District Council. According to the census made by Statistics Mauritius in 2011, the population was 2,170. The neighboring villages are La Flora (north west), Mare Tabac and Rose Belle (north east) and Camp Diable and Riviere Dragon in the south of the village.

Savanne District
Savanne (Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [savan]) or Savannah is a district of Mauritius, situated in the south of the island. The district has an area of 244.8 square kilometres (94.5 sq mi). As of 31 December 2015, the estimated population was 68,585.
Skeleton (category theory)
In mathematics, a skeleton of a category is a subcategory that, roughly speaking, does not contain any extraneous isomorphisms. In a certain sense, the skeleton of a category is the "smallest" equivalent category, which captures all "categorical properties" of the original. In fact, two categories are equivalent if and only if they have isomorphic skeletons. A category is called skeletal if isomorphic objects are necessarily identical.

Isomorphism of categories
In category theory, two categories C and D are isomorphic if there exist functors F : C → D and G : D → C that are mutually inverse to each other, i.e. FG = 1D (the identity functor on D) and GF = 1C. This means that both the objects and the morphisms of C and D stand in a one-to-one correspondence with each other. Two isomorphic categories share all properties defined solely in category theory; for all practical purposes, they are identical and differ only in the notation of their objects and morphisms.

Isomorphism of categories is a strong condition and is rarely satisfied in practice. Much more important is the notion of equivalence of categories; roughly speaking, for an equivalence of categories, we don't require that  be equal to , but only naturally isomorphic to , and likewise that  be naturally isomorphic to .
Chanchangi Airlines
Chanchangi Airlines Nigeria Limited was a privately owned and operated airline with its head office in the Chanchangi Office Complex in Kaduna, Nigeria. It operates scheduled domestic passenger services. Its main base was Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos, with hubs at Kaduna, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. Alhaji Ahmadu Chanchangi, its founder, hails from Chanchangi village in Takum Local Government of Taraba state, Nigeria.

Kaduna
Kaduna Listenⓘ is the capital city of Kaduna State, and the former political capital of Northern Nigeria. It is located in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is a trade center and a major transportation hub as the gateway to northern states of Nigeria, with its rail and important road network.

The population of Kaduna was put at 760,084 as of the 2006 Nigerian census. Rapid urbanization since 2005 has created an increasingly large population, and as of 2024, the city has an estimated population of 1.2 million people.
Mumbai CSMT–Amritsar Express
The 11057 / 58 Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus–Amritsar Junction Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Central Railway zone that runs between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus and Amritsar Junction in India.
It operates as train number 11057 from Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus to Amritsar Junction and as train number 11058 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi and Punjab.

It is one of three trains that connect Mumbai and Amritsar, the other trains being the 12903 / 04 Golden Temple Mail & 12925 / 26 Paschim Express. However the 12903 / 04 Golden Temple Mail and 12925 / 26 Paschim Express are operated by Western Railway and have a different routing.

Alongside the Punjab Mail, this train is one of the oldest trains running out of Bombay.

Paschim Superfast Express
The 12925 / 12926 Paschim Superfast Express is a superfast express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Mumbai Central in Mumbai (Maharashtra) and Amritsar in Punjab.

It is a daily service. It operates as train number 12925 from Mumbai Central to Amritsar and as train number 12926 in the reverse direction.
Dubin v. United States
Dubin v. United States, 599 U.S. 110 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case pertaining to a provision of Title 18 of the United States Code. In the case, the Court settled a circuit split regarding the reach of the federal aggravated identity theft statute.

Title 18 of the United States Code
Title  18 of the United States Code is the main criminal code of the federal government of the United States.  The Title deals with federal crimes and criminal procedure. In its coverage, Title 18 is similar to most U.S. state criminal codes, typically referred to by names such as Penal Code, Criminal Code, or Crimes Code. Typical of state criminal codes is the California Penal Code. Many U.S. state criminal codes, unlike the federal Title 18, are based on the Model Penal Code promulgated by the American Law Institute.

Title 18 consists of five parts. Four of these, Parts I through IV, concern crimes, criminal procedure, prisons and prisoners, and juvenile delinquency, respectively, and were included in the original title when it was enacted in 1948. The fifth part, concerning witness immunity, was not included in the original title but was added in 1970.
I-type granite
I-type granites are a category of granites originating from igneous sources, first proposed by Chappell and White (1974). They are recognized by a specific set of mineralogical, geochemical, textural, and isotopic characteristics that indicate, for example, magma hybridization in the deep crust. I-type granites are saturated in silica but undersaturated in aluminum; petrographic features are representative of the chemical composition of the initial magma. In contrast S-type granites are derived from partial melting of supracrustal or "sedimentary" source rocks.

S-type granite
S-type granites are a category of granites first proposed in 1974. They are recognized by a specific set of mineralogical, geochemical, textural, and isotopic characteristics. S-type granites are over-saturated in aluminium, with an ASI index greater than 1.1 where ASI =  Al2O3 / (CaO + Na2O +K2O) in mol percent; petrographic features are representative of the chemical composition of the initial magma as originally put forth by Chappell and White are summarized in their table 1.
Geetha (2019 film)
Geetha is a 2019 Indian Kannada action drama film written and directed by debutant Vijay Naagendra starring Ganesh, Shanvi Srivastava and Prayaga Martin in lead roles. Anup Rubens handle the music for the movie. The film derives its name from 1981 film Geetha, directed by Shankar Nag, however, the film team has clarified the content is very different and revolves around the famous Gokak Agitation.

Gokak agitation
The Gokak agitation was a successful language rights agitation in the 1980s that fought for the first-language status of the Kannada language in the South Indian state of Karnataka.

It was named after the committee headed by Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, which recommended giving primacy to Kannada in state schools.
Syed Faisal Ali
Syed Faisal Ali is an Indian politician who is a member of the Bihar Legislative Council. He is also the National General Secretary for the Rashtriya Janata Dal.

Ali was born in Patna, India. His father Syed Ashahad Ali was a lawyer at the Patna High Court and the vice president of the Janata Party.

Rashtriya Janata Dal
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD, lit. 'National People's Party') is an Indian political party, mainly based in the state of Bihar. The party was founded in 1997 by Lalu Prasad Yadav.

The party's support base has traditionally been Other Backward Classes, Dalits and Muslims and it is considered a political champion of the lower castes. In 2008, RJD received the status of recognized national level party following its performance in north-eastern states. RJD was derecognised as a national party on 30 July 2010. Leading the Mahagathbandhan alliance with 35 MLAs, it is currently the official opposition in Bihar. RJD is part of Ruling Government in Jharkhand and Kerala with its allies in Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) and LDF respectively.
Virtual currency law in the United States
United States virtual currency law is financial regulation as applied to transactions in virtual currency in the U.S. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulates as commodities. The Securities and Exchange Commission also requires registration of any virtual currency traded in the U.S. if it is classified as a security and of any trading platform that meets its definition of an exchange.

The regulatory structure also includes tax regulations and FINCEN transparency regulations between financial exchanges and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.

Exchange (organized market)
An exchange, bourse (/bʊərs/), trading exchange or trading venue is an organized market where people can buy and sell financial instruments, such as tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange and derivative contracts.
Highway 87 (Golan Heights and Israel)
Highway 87 is a 35 km long east-west highway in northern Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. It extends from the northern shores of Lake Kinneret through the central Golan Heights. It begins in the west at Kfar Nahum/Capernaum and ends in the east at Bashan Junction.

Capernaum
Capernaum (/kəˈpɜːrneɪəm, -niəm/ kə-PUR-nay-əm, -⁠nee-əm; Hebrew: כְּפַר נַחוּם, romanized: Kfar Naḥum, lit. 'Nahum's village'; Arabic: كَفْرْ نَاحُومْ, romanized: Kafr Nāḥūm) was a fishing village established during the time of the Hasmoneans, located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It had a population of about 1,500 in the 1st century AD. Archaeological excavations have revealed two ancient synagogues built one over the other. A house turned into a church during the Byzantine period is held by Christian tradition to have been the home of Saint Peter.

The village was inhabited continuously from the 2nd century BC to the 11th century AD, when it was abandoned sometime before the First Crusade. This includes the re-establishment of the village northeast of the earlier location in c. 700, during the Early Islamic period.
Assault air warning squadrons
Assault Air Warning Squadrons were United States Marine Corps aviation command and control units formed during World War II to provide early warning, aerial surveillance, and ground controlled interception during the early phases of amphibious landing.  These squadrons were supposed to be fielded lightweight radars and control center gear in order to operate for a limited duration at the beginning of any operation until larger air warning squadrons came ashore. Four of these squadrons were commissioned during the war with one, AWS(AT)-5, taking part in the Battle of Saipan. All four squadrons were decommissioned on 10 November 1944 because the Marine Corps was unable to field the required mobile radars.  The "first in" capability that the Assault Air Warning Squadrons were supposed to provide was transferred to the Early Warning Teams that were added to the tables of organization for the regular air warning squadrons.

V Amphibious Corps
The V Amphibious Corps (VAC) was a formation of the United States Marine Corps which was composed of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions in World War II. The three divisions were the amphibious landing force for the United States Fifth Fleet with two goals, removal of Japanese forces from islands so U.S. Seabees could build advance bases to project US power.  In doing this VAC was notably involved in the battles for Tarawa, Saipan, and Iwo Jima.  V Amphibious Corps was commanded by General Holland 'Howlin Mad' Smith followed by General Harry Schmidt.
Urdaibai line
The Urdaibai line (Basque: Urdaibaiko linea, Spanish: Línea de Urdaibai), also known as the Amorebieta–Bermeo railway (Basque: Amorebieta-Bermeo trenbidea, Spanish: Ferrocarril Amorebieta-Bermeo) is a 29.19 km (18.14 mi) mostly single-track branchline in Biscay, Basque Country. Owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea, it runs from Bermeo to Amorebieta, connecting with the Bilbao-San Sebastián mainline.

Euskotren
Euskotren, formally known as Basque Railways (Basque: Eusko Trenbideak, Spanish: Ferrocarriles Vascos), is a public railway company controlled by the Basque Government and officially established in 1982 to operate several 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) narrow gauge railways inside the autonomous community of the Basque Country, under the terms of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country. Originally operating under the commercial brand ET/FV, it took control of the management and operations of the narrow gauge lines formerly operated by the railway company FEVE. The commercial brand eventually changed to Euskotren, as it remains today. Since 2006, the infrastructure on which the company runs its trains has been owned by Euskal Trenbide Sarea.
Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)
"Down the Aisle (The Wedding Song)" is a doo-wop ballad recorded and released by girl group Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles in 1963. The song became a hit success for the Philadelphia-based vocal group following the controversial release of their "debut hit", 1962's "I Sold My Heart to the Junkman".

I Sold My Heart to the Junkman
"'I Sold My Heart to the Junkman'" is a 1946 recording by The Basin Street Boys featuring Ormonde Wilson, written by Leon René, under the songwriting pseudonym of Jimmie Thomas. It was released on the Exclusive Records label in 1946.  It was covered a year later by Etta Jones with J. C. Heard and his Orchestra and released on RCA Victor.
Jennifer Haase
Jennifer Haase (born December 20, 1974) is an American teacher and politician from the state of Michigan. A Democrat, she was elected to the Michigan State House of Representatives in 2008, representing the 32nd State House District. It includes portions of North and East Macomb County and four rural townships in St. Clair County, and had a history of voting Republican. Prior to her election, Haase worked as an elementary school teacher in Richmond.

Michigan's 32nd House of Representatives district
Michigan's 32nd House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 32nd House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Washtenaw County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.
A Salad Bowl of Eccentrics
A Salad Bowl of Eccentrics (Japanese: 変人のサラダボウル, Hepburn: Henjin no Sarada Bōru) is a Japanese light novel series written by Yomi Hirasaka and illustrated by Kantoku. The story takes place in Gifu, where Hirasaka comes from. It began publication in October 2021 under Shogakukan's Gagaga Bunko imprint. As of April 2025, eight volumes have been released. A manga adaptation illustrated by Kōtarō Yamada has been serialized in Shogakukan's Sunday Webry website from September 2022 to December 2024, with its chapters collected into six tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by SynergySP and Studio Comet aired from April to June 2024.

Gagaga Bunko
Gagaga Bunko (ガガガ文庫) is a light novel publishing imprint affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Shogakukan. It was established in May 2007. The imprint is aimed at a male audience, while its sister imprint that was established at the same time, Lululu Bunko, is aimed at a female audience. In May 2008, Shogakukan introduced a separate imprint titled Gagaga Bunko R or Gagaga Bunko Revival, which republishes works from the defunct label Super Quest Bunko.
George Richardson (Indian Army officer)
Lieutenant General Sir George Lloyd Reilly Richardson KCB CSI CIE (20 September 1847 – 9 April 1931) was an officer in the British Indian Army from 1866 to 1909. He served across South East Asia, becoming a veteran of the Second Anglo-Afghan War and Boxer Rebellion, and later as commander of the Ulster Volunteer Force in Ireland.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
William L. Keleher
William Lane Keleher SJ (January 27, 1906 – October 27, 1975) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who was the president of Boston College from 1945 to 1951. During his tenure, the school oversaw rapid and significant growth in the number of students returning from World War II under the G.I. Bill. In the span of five years, enrollment increased from approximately 200 students to over 7,500.

To accommodate this growth, Keleher oversaw construction of three permanent buildings, including Fulton Hall, for the School of Management, and Lyons Hall. He also relocated several military structures onto the campus for use as student housing. While meant to be temporary, the structures remained for almost 20 years. In 1946, Boston College's School of Nursing was established, and in 1948, the college's ROTC program was created.

Boston College Carroll School of Management
The Boston College Carroll School of Management (CSOM) is the business school of Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.

Established in 1938, the Carroll School offers Bachelor of Science, Master of Business Administration (MBA), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees, in addition to Master of Science degrees in both finance and accounting, along with joint degree programs with Boston College's other schools.
Nick McKinnel
Nicholas Howard Paul McKinnel (born 19 August 1954) is an English retired Anglican bishop. He served as Bishop of Plymouth (2015–2022) and Bishop of Crediton (2012–2015), both suffragan bishoprics in the Diocese of Exeter.

Bishop of Plymouth (Anglican)
Christianity portal

The Anglican Bishop of Plymouth is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after the city of Plymouth in Devon; the See was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888 by Order in Council dated 21 November 1922. The suffragan bishop has particular episcopal oversight of the archdeaconries of Plymouth and of Totnes.

The current bishop, since September 2022, is James Grier.
South East Atlantic Conference
The South East Atlantic Conference (SEAC) was an NAIA football conference founded in 2004. The last commissioner of the SEAC was Henry Smith, Sports Information Director/Director of Football Operations at Edward Waters College. Edward Waters won the inaugural SEAC title in 2004, followed by Concordia College, Selma in 2005, and Webber International University in 2006.

The 2007 SEAC Championship was shared between Edward Waters and Concordia. At the conclusion of the 2008 season, it was announced that the SEAC would be dissolved due to Concordia's inability to gain membership into the NAIA, also the conference's inability to gain other members. The final SEAC championship was shared between the three schools, all with identical 1–1 records against each other.

Concordia College Alabama
Concordia College Alabama was a private, historically black college associated with the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and located in Selma, Alabama. It was the only historically black college among the 10 colleges and universities in the Concordia University System. The college ceased operations at the end of the spring 2018 semester, citing years of financial distress and declining enrollment.
Garth Smith (musician, born 1960)
Garth William Smith (born June 8, 1960) is a pianist/composer/musician accomplished in several styles of music including rock, country, classical and jazz.  His current endeavor is creating spiritually uplifting piano arrangements of popular LDS Hymns.  After living for many years in Oceanside, California, he currently resides in Bella Vista, Arkansas, and is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Hymns in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Hymns are an important part of the history and worship of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

The current hymnal used by the church is Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.