hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of the borders (Algerian War)
The battle of the borders, was a group of military operations initiated mainly on the Algeria-Tunisia border during the Algerian war, from 21 January to 28 May 1958, by the paratrooper units of the French army against the attacks, and bombardments of the Morice line by the combatants of the Armée de libération nationale (ALN), the military branch of the FLN, stationed in Tunisia.

National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN (Arabic: جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, romanized: Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; French: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
Brighton Evangelical Congregational Church
Brighton Allston Congregational Church, known before 2003 as the Brighton Evangelical Congregational Church, is a historic church located at 404 Washington Street in the center of Brighton, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.

Brighton, Boston
Brighton is a former town and current neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States, located in the northwestern corner of the city. It is named after the English city of Brighton. Initially Brighton was part of Cambridge, and known as "Little Cambridge". Brighton separated from Cambridge in 1807 after a bridge dispute, and was annexed to Boston in 1874. For much of its early history, it was a rural town with a significant commercial center at its eastern end.

The neighborhood of Allston was also formerly part of the town of Brighton, but is now often considered to be separate, leading to the name Allston–Brighton for the combined area. This historic center of Brighton is the Brighton Center Historic District. The Aberdeen section of Brighton was designated as a local architectural conservation district by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 2001.
1983 Valencia municipal election
A municipal election was held in Valencia on Sunday, 8 May 1983, to elect the 2nd City Council of the municipality. All 33 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.

City Council of Valencia
The City Council of Valencia (Valencian: Ajuntament de València, Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Valencia), is the institution that is responsible for governing the city and municipality of Valencia (Spain). It is called in Valencian: Ajuntament de València or Spanish: Ayuntamiento de Valencia. It is presided over by the mayor of Valencia, who since 1979 has been democratically elected by universal suffrage. Since 2023, the position is held by María José Catalá, of the People's Party. The institution is located and holds formal meetings in the Valencia City Hall or in Valencian: Palau consistorial de València and in Spanish: Casa Consistorial de Valencia. The building is also often called the Ayuntamiento by metonymy.
James E. Baker
James Edgar Baker (born March 25, 1960) is an American attorney, judge, and academic. He is the former Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. He was appointed to the Court on September 19, 2000, by President Bill Clinton, and became its Chief Judge upon the expiration of Andrew S. Effron's term on September 30, 2011. He is currently a professor of Law and Public Administration at Syracuse University and Director of the Institute for Security Policy and Law. Baker is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (in case citations, C.A.A.F. or USCAAF) is an Article I court that exercises worldwide appellate jurisdiction over members of the United States Armed Forces on active duty and other persons subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The court is composed of five civilian judges appointed for 15-year terms by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The court reviews decisions from the intermediate appellate courts of the services: the Army Court of Criminal Appeals, the Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals, the Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals.
Mindwave (video game)
Mindwave (stylized in all caps) is an upcoming action game developed by American indie developer HoloHammer. It is a fast-paced minigame collection inspired by Nintendo's WarioWare series, taking place in the Mindscape Tower, where the protagonist Pandora aims to win a cash prize contest involving entering other contestants' minds and playing microgames.

A demo of the game was released on Steam in January 2025 alongside a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter, receiving positive reception. A full release is estimated for September 2027.

Minigame
A minigame (also spelled mini game and mini-game, sometimes called a subgame or microgame) is a short game often contained within another video game. A minigame contains different gameplay elements  and is often smaller or more simplistic than the game in which it is contained.

Some video games consist entirely of minigames which tie into an overall theme, such as Olympic Decathlon (1980). Minigames can also be used to represent a specific experience, such as hacking and lock picking, both of which are found in Bethesda games, or scanning an area, that ties into a larger game.
Luis Almeida (politician)
Luis Fernando Almeida Morán is an Ecuadorian politician and lawyer. He served in the National Assembly from 2009 to 2013 and again from 2021 to 2023 representing District 1 of Guayas Province, as municipal councilor of Guayaquil from 2019 to 2020, and as a deputy for Guayas from 1994 to 1996, 2003 to 2005, and 2007.

National Congress (Ecuador)
The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) was the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador prior to November 2007.

Under the 1998 Constitution, Congress met in Quito and was made up of 100 deputies (diputados). Each of the country's 22 provinces returned a minimum of two deputies plus one additional seat for every 200,000 inhabitants.

It was dissolved on 29 November 2007 by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly and replaced by the National Assembly of Ecuador under the 2008 Constitution. Its demise came when it was already weakened by the disfavorable perception of the Ecuadorian public opinion, which for decades saw it as a corrupt and incompetent entity, as well as a venue for violent disputes between its members and political intrigues, such as the removal of Presidents Abdalá Bucaram in 1997 and Lucio Gutiérrez in 2005.
Indolamines
Indolamines are a family of neurotransmitters that share a common molecular structure. Indolamines are a classification of monoamine neurotransmitter, along with catecholamines and ethylamine derivatives. A common example of an indolamine is the tryptophan derivative serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood and sleep. Another example of an indolamine is melatonin.

In biochemistry, indolamines are substituted indole compounds that contain an amino group.  Examples of indolamines include the lysergamides.

Indole
Indole is an organic compound with the formula  C6H4CCNH3.  Indole is classified as an aromatic heterocycle. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring. Indoles are derivatives of indole where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by substituent groups.  Indoles are widely distributed in nature, most notably as amino acid tryptophan and neurotransmitter serotonin.. In plants, IAA is a common plant hormone which is a derivative of Indole.
Luke Jackson (basketball, born 1981)
Luke Ryan Jackson (born November 6, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Oregon Ducks, earning consensus second-team All-American honors as a senior in 2004. He was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the first round of the 2004 NBA draft with the 10th overall pick. After his playing career, Jackson was a head coach for the Northwest Christian University Beacons.

Oregon Ducks men's basketball
The Oregon Ducks men's basketball team is an intercollegiate basketball program that competes in the NCAA Division I and is a member of the Big Ten Conference, representing the University of Oregon. The Ducks play their home games at Matthew Knight Arena, which has a capacity of 12,364. Then coached by Howard Hobson, Oregon won the first NCAA men's basketball national championship in 1939.  They again reached the Final Four in 2017 under head coach Dana Altman, marking the longest span between appearances in NCAA history (79 years). The Ducks have made the NCAA tournament 19 times, and have won eight conference championships.
Bandra Terminus–Saharsa Humsafar Express
The 22913 / 22914 Bandra Terminus - Saharsa Humsafar Express is an Humsafar Express train belonging to Western Railway zone that runs between Bandra Terminus and Saharsa Junction. It is currently being operated with 22913/22914 train numbers on a weekly basis. This train was previously running only up to Patna Junction but recently this train has been extended up to Saharsa Junction by the Ministry of Railways.

Humsafar Express
Humsafar Express is a fully premium service with AC-3 Tier and Sleeper class accommodation having all the modern facilities designed and operated by Indian Railways. "Humsafar" is an Urdu word meaning "co-passenger" The first service was inaugurated on 16 December 2016 between Gorakhpur and Anand Vihar Terminal, New Delhi. The fares of Humsafar Express at the time of launch are around 15–20% higher compared to normal AC-3 tier and Sleeper class fares.
Tenacious D (TV series)
Tenacious D is a limited television  series that ran on HBO from 1997 to 2000. It features the fictional accounts of the real-life comedy rock duo of the same name, which is composed of members Jack Black and Kyle Gass. All of the episodes of the show are available on Tenacious D's The Complete Master Works DVD.

There were three half-hour episodes total in the season, each containing two segments. The show included many songs that would later be re-recorded for the band's studio albums Tenacious D and the Pick of Destiny.

In June 2020, the show was added to HBO Max.

Kyle Gass
Kyle Richard Gass (born July 14, 1960) is an American musician, actor and comedian, best known for being a member of Tenacious D, a Grammy-winning comedy band. He is also a member of Trainwreck and the Kyle Gass Band.
Michael Dryhurst
Michael John Dryhurst (March 22, 1938 – September 9, 2025) was a British-born American film producer, director, assistant director, second unit director, and author known for his work on the films Superman, Excalibur, Never Say Never Again, The Emerald Forest, Hope and Glory, and Hudson Hawk. He was the son of film director and producer Edward Dryhurst, worked on many films by filmmaker John Boorman, and wrote the novel Check the Gate! in 2022. He also wrote two books about buses and trams, and wrote many articles on historic buses.  In 1988, he was the co-recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for his work as a producer of the film Hope and Glory. He mostly retired from working on films in 1991, and spent his retirement in Ireland and America. He died on September 9, 2025, at the age of 87.

The Emerald Forest
The Emerald Forest is a 1985 British adventure drama film set in the Brazilian rainforest, directed by John Boorman, written by Rospo Pallenberg, and starring Powers Boothe, Meg Foster, and Charley Boorman with supporting roles by Rui Polanah, Tetchie Agbayani, Dira Paes, Estee Chandler, and Eduardo Conde.

The film tells the story of an American boy who is kidnapped by an indigenous tribe in the Amazon jungle. It is allegedly based on a true story, although the accuracy of this claim has been disputed. The film was screened out of competition at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival, where it was chosen as the closing film. In promoting the film for awards competition, Boorman created the first Oscar screeners, but the film received no Academy Award nominations.
Statue of Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Ochota)
The statue of Maria Skłodowska-Curie (Polish: Pomnik Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) is a bronze statue in Warsaw, Poland, located in the Skłodowska-Curie Park at the intersection Wawelska and Skłodowskiej-Curie Streets, and near the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, within the district of Ochota. It is dedicated to Maria Skłodowska-Curie, a 19th- and 20th-century physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice. The statue was designed by Ludwika Nitschowa and unveiled on 5 September 1935.

Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology
The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, until 2020 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Polish: Centrum Onkologii–Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie) is a specialized research institute and hospital of the Polish Ministry of Health. Based in Warsaw, it also has regional branches in Gliwice and Kraków. It was founded in 1932 as the Radium Institute by double-Nobel laureate Maria Skłodowska-Curie in collaboration with the Polish Government, especially President Ignacy Mościcki.
Stilpnochlora couloniana
Stilpnochlora couloniana is a species of phaneropterine katydid in the family Tettigoniidae, native to southeastern United States (Florida and Georgia; the only Steirodontini in the US), the Bahamas and Cuba. It is known as the giant katydid (a name also used for some other species) and it is the largest katydid in the United States, with an average length of 6.6 cm (2.6 in) in adult males and 7.8 cm (3.1 in) in adult females. Individuals from Cuba tend to grow 5–10% larger than those from the United States. They are sometimes kept as pets.

Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.  They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
CD47
CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene. CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). CD-47 acts as a don't eat me signal to macrophages of the immune system which has made it a potential therapeutic target in some cancers, and more recently, for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

CD47 is involved in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, adhesion, and migration.  Furthermore, it plays a role in insulin secretion, as well as immune and angiogenic responses.  CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells.  Expression in equine cutaneous tumors has been reported as well.

Immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies); they all possess a domain known as an immunoglobulin domain or fold. Members of the IgSF include cell surface antigen receptors, co-receptors and co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system, molecules involved in antigen presentation to lymphocytes, cell adhesion molecules, certain cytokine receptors and intracellular muscle proteins. They are commonly associated with roles in the immune system. Otherwise, the sperm-specific protein IZUMO1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has also been identified as the only sperm membrane protein essential for sperm-egg fusion.
Southern constituency (Saint Petersburg)
The Southern constituency (No.218) is a Russian legislative constituency in Saint Petersburg. The constituency covers south-central part of the city and its inner suburbs, including Pushkin and Pavlovsk.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Vitaly Milonov, former Member of Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
James A. Leonard
James A. Leonard (November 6, 1841 Ireland – September 26, 1862 Annapolis, Maryland) was an American chess master, who grew up as a son of poor Irish immigrants in New York City. He learned to play chess at age 16 or 17. Before his 20th birthday, he was already famous for his fierce attacking play and prowess at blindfold chess, at which he played as many as ten games simultaneously.

In 1862 he fought for the Union in the American Civil War. He was captured and, while being held as a prisoner of war, died of dysentery before reaching his 21st birthday. Commentators have compared his promise, never realized, to that of American chess giants Paul Morphy and Harry Nelson Pillsbury.

Simultaneous exhibition
A simultaneous exhibition or simultaneous display is a board game exhibition (commonly chess or Go) in which one player (typically of high rank, such as a grandmaster or dan-level player) plays multiple games at a time with a number of other players.  Such an exhibition is often referred to simply as a "simul".
The Fundamental Elements of Southtown
The Fundamental Elements of Southtown is the third studio album and major label debut by American Christian nu metal band P.O.D., released on August 24, 1999, by Atlantic Records. The song "Southtown" was re-recorded from The Warriors EP (1998), a transitional EP from Rescue Records to Atlantic Records. The album includes a cover of U2's 1987 single "Bullet the Blue Sky".

The Fundamental Elements of Southtown went on to become the band's first platinum album, peaking at No. 51 on the Billboard 200 chart in April 2000. It was the 143rd best-selling album of 2000 in the United States. "Southtown" and "Rock the Party (Off the Hook)" became the album's singles in 2000, both of which were accompanied by music videos. An EP, Limited Edition Bonus CD, was given away for free with the purchase of the album and contains six songs.

The Warriors EP
The Warriors EP is an EP by American Christian nu metal band P.O.D. It was released on November 17, 1998, as a transitional album from Rescue Records to Atlantic Records. The EP contains a message from lead singer Sonny Sandoval thanking the 'warriors', P.O.D.'s following of fans, for supporting them throughout the years before signing with Atlantic Records. Though produced by Atlantic Records, the album was actually released by Tooth & Nail Records. The entire EP is made to sound like the songs are being played through a phonograph, being mixed with a faux vinyl crackling throughout each song.
John Doddridge
Sir John Doddridge (akas: Doderidge or Dodderidge; 1555–1628) was an English lawyer, appointed Justice of the King's Bench in 1612 and served as Member of Parliament for Barnstaple in 1589 and for Horsham in 1604. He was also an antiquarian and writer. He acquired the nickname "the sleeping judge" from his habit of shutting his eyes while listening intently to a case. As a lawyer he was influenced by humanist ideas, and was familiar with the ideas of Aristotle, and the debates of the period between his followers and the Ramists. He was a believer in both the rationality of the English common law and in its connection with custom.
He was one of the Worthies of Devon of the biographer John Prince (d.1723).

John Prince (biographer)
Rev. John Prince (1643–1723), vicar of Totnes and Berry Pomeroy in Devon, England, was a biographer.  He is best known for his Worthies of Devon, a series of biographies of Devon-born notables covering the period before the Norman Conquest to his own era.  He became the subject of a sexual scandal, the court records of which were made into a book in 2001 and a play in 2005.
14th (Service) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (West of England)
The 14th (Service) Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (West of England) ('14th Glosters') was a Bantam battalion recruited in World War I as part of 'Kitchener's Army' from men who were below the minimum height normally required by the British Army. Together with other bantam battalions it joined the 35th Division and served with it on the Western Front from early 1916, first seeing action at the Battle of the Somme. The Bantam concept did not survive the losses of the Somme, and had to be abandoned when the battalions became filled with reinforcements who were not simply undersized but actually unfit for service. In 1917 the 14th Glosters became a conventional infantry battalion and saw further action during operations along the Hindenburg Line, when one of its officers won the Victoria Cross, and at the Battle of Passchendaele before being broken up early in 1918 to provide reinforcements to other units.

23rd (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (8th City)
The 23rd (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (8th City) was a Bantam battalion recruited in 1914 as part of 'Kitchener's Army' from men who were below the normal minimum height required by the British Army. It served in 35th Division, which was entirely composed of bantam battalions, and first saw action at the Battle of the Somme. The Bantam concept did not survive the losses of the Somme, and had to be abandoned when the battalions became filled with reinforcements who were not simply undersized but actually unfit for service. In 1917 the 23rd Manchesters became a conventional infantry battalion and saw further action during the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line and at the Battle of Passchendaele before being broken up early in 1918 to provide reinforcements to other units.
Claus von Ahlefeldt
Claus von Ahlefeldt (1614–1674) was a member of the Ahlefeldt noble family of Holstein, who married the King of Denmark-Norway's natural daughter and rose to become a field marshal in Danish-Norwegian service.

Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks.

Promotion to the rank of field marshal in many countries historically required extraordinary military achievement by a general (a wartime victory). However, the rank has also been used as a divisional command rank and as a brigade command rank.