hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carolyn Gusoff
Carolyn Gusoff is an American television news reporter and author, working as a Long Island reporter at WCBS-TV in New York City. Prior to that, she spent three years as a reporter at Fox 5 in New York City, and before that she worked for 15 years at WNBC in New York City as the Long Island Bureau Chief/Reporter and anchor of Weekend Today in New York. Her 2013 book Buried Memories: Katie Beers' Story, which she wrote in collaboration with kidnapping victim Katie Beers, was a New York Times bestseller.

WNYW
WNYW (channel 5) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the Fox television network, owned and operated through its Fox Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Secaucus, New Jersey–licensed MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR-TV (channel 9), the two stations share studios at the Fox Television Center on East 67th Street in Manhattan's Lenox Hill neighborhood; WNYW's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
Aslam Abdul Raheem
Aslam Abdul Raheem (born 24 June 1971) is a retired Maldivian footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and a current goalkeeper trainer at Club Valencia. He is also the goalkeeper trainer of the senior Maldives national football team and all youth levels.

Maldives national football team
The Maldives national football team (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭ ގައުމީ ފުޓްބޯލް ޓީމް) represents the Maldives in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Maldives. It is a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

The Maldives' most significant success was winning the 2008 SAFF Championship where they beat the most successful team India in the final 1–0. They won their second local title in 2018 SAFF Championship, once again by beating India in the final.
Chepauk Palace
Chepauk Palace was the official residence of the Nawab of Arcot from 1768 to 1855. It is situated in the neighbourhood of Chepauk in Chennai, India, and is constructed in the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture.

Carnatic Sultanate
The Carnatic Sultanate, also known as Carnatic State or Arcot State, was a kingdom in southern India between about 1690 and 1855, ruled by a Muslim nawab under the legal purview of the Nizam of Hyderabad, until their demise. They initially had their capital at Arcot in the present-day Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Their rule is an important period in the history of the Carnatic and Coromandel Coast regions, in which the Mughal Empire gave way to the rising influence of the Maratha India, and later the emergence of the British India.
Ai no shuku
Ai no Shuku (間の宿, mid-station) were unofficial post stations along historical routes in Japan. These post stations formed organically along routes (such as the Tōkaidō and the Nakasendō) when the distance between two places was too far or when there were difficult passes nearby. Because they were not officially designated rest areas, travelers along the roads were not allowed to stay in these post stations. Sometimes the Japanese is shortened to 間宿.

Kaidō
Kaidō (街道, 'road') were roads in Japan dating from the Edo period. They played important roles in transportation like the Appian Way of ancient Roman roads.  Major examples include the Edo Five Routes, all of which started at Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Minor examples include sub-routes such as the Hokuriku Kaidō and the Nagasaki Kaidō.

Kaidō, however, do not include San'yōdō, San'indō, Nankaidō and Saikaidō, which were part of the even more ancient system of Yamato government called Gokishichidō. These names were used for administrative units, and the roads within these units.

Many highways and railway lines in modern Japan follow the ancient routes and carry the same names. The early roads radiated from the capital at Nara or Kyoto. Later, Edo was the reference, and even today Japan reckons directions and measures distances along its highways from Nihonbashi in Chūō, Tokyo.
Ashish Deshmukh
Dr. Ashish Ranjeet Deshmukh  is the member of the 15th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly. He is representing the Savner Assembly Constituency. He rejoined Bharatiya Janata Party in 2023. Deshmukh is the son of former president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee and former Maharashtra minister Ranjeet Deshmukh. In December 2013, Deshmukh had undertaken an indefinite fast to press for formation of a separate Vidarbha state.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Lola Kallikhanova
Lola Kallikhanova (Uzbek: Lolagul Qallixanova; born 1989) is a journalist from Karakalpakstan. She is the founder of the independent news website Makan.uz, reported on COVID-19 in the region, and has been the subject of police intimidation, which was condemned by the Coalition for Women in Journalism. She was prosecuted for disseminating leaflets during riots in 2023; her treatment during the trial was objected to by Human Rights Watch.

COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan
The COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Uzbekistan when its first case was confirmed on 15 March 2020, an Uzbek citizen returning from France.
Massimo Aparo
Massimo Aparo (born 31 July 1953) is an Italian  nuclear engineer, who started working as acting deputy director general and head of the Department of Safeguards, after Tero Varjoranta has resigned effective 11 May 2018.

Nuclear engineering
Nuclear engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with designing and applying systems that utilize the energy released by nuclear processes.
The most prominent application of nuclear engineering is the generation of electricity. Worldwide, some 439 nuclear reactors in 31 countries generate 10 percent of the world's energy through nuclear fission. In the future, it is expected that nuclear fusion will add another nuclear means of generating energy. Both reactions make use of the nuclear binding energy released when atomic nucleons are either separated (fission) or brought together (fusion). The energy available is given by the binding energy curve, and the amount generated is much greater than that generated through chemical reactions. Fission of 1 gram of uranium yields as much energy as burning 3 tons of coal or 600 gallons of fuel oil, without adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Danielle Laidley
Danielle May Laidley (born Dean James Laidley; 27 March 1967) is a former Australian rules football coach and player, who played for the West Coast Eagles and North Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 1987 to 1997, including in North Melbourne's 1996 premiership team, and was coach of North Melbourne from 2003 to 2009.

In May 2020, Laidley was outed as transgender after a police officer leaked photographs of her in police custody.

1996 AFL Grand Final
The 1996 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the  North Melbourne Football Club and the Sydney Swans, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 28 September 1996. It was the 100th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1996 AFL season. The match, attended by 93,102 people, was won by North Melbourne by 43 points.
Francisco de Cortés Hojea
Francisco Cortés Ojea (also spelled Hojea or Ojeda) was a 16th-century Spanish sailor and explorer who took part in the first expeditions sent from the General Captaincy of Chile to the Strait of Magellan. The times and places of his birth and death have not been documented.

He was a map-maker with the expedition of Francisco de Ulloa sent in 1553 by the governor of Chile to survey the southern coast of the country and the Strait of Magellan. He later commanded the San Sebastián under the orders of captain Juan Ladrillero in the expedition sent in 1557 by governor García Hurtado de Mendoza.

García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete
García Hurtado de Mendoza y Manrique, 5th Marquis of Cañete (July 21, 1535 – May 19, 1609) was a Spanish Governor of Chile, and later Viceroy of Peru (from January 8, 1590 to July 24, 1596). He is often known simply as "Marquis of Cañete". Belonging to an influential family of Spanish noblemen Hurtado de Mendoza successfully fought in the Arauco War during his stay as Governor of Chile. The city of Mendoza is named after him. In his later position as Viceroy of Peru he sponsored Álvaro de Mendaña's transpacific expedition of 1595, who named the Marquesas Islands after him.
Tajik alphabet
The Tajik language has been written in three alphabets over the course of its history: the original Persian alphabet, a briefly used Roman-based orthography, and—more recently—a Cyrillic-based alphabet that is currently the official script in the Republic of Tajikistan.

The use of a specific alphabet generally corresponds with stages in history, with Arabic being used first for most of the time, followed by Latin, as a result of the Soviet takeover, for a short period and then Cyrillic, which remains the most widely used alphabet in Tajikistan. The Bukhori dialect spoken by Bukharan Jews traditionally used the Hebrew alphabet, but today is written using the Cyrillic variant.

Bukharian language
Bukharian, also known as Judeo-Bukharic and Judeo-Tajik (autonym: Bukhori, בוכארי, Бухорӣ, Buxorī), is a Judeo-Persian dialect historically spoken by the Bukharan Jews of Central Asia. It is a Jewish dialect derived from—and largely mutually intelligible with—the Eastern Persian varieties of Tajiki and Dari.
Nuclear electronics
Nuclear electronics is a subfield of electronics concerned with the design and use of high-speed electronic systems for nuclear physics and elementary particle physics research, and for industrial and medical use. Essential elements of such systems include fast detectors for charged particles, discriminators for separating them by energy, counters for counting the pulses produced by individual particles, fast logic circuits (including coincidence and veto gates), for identification of particular types of complex particle events, and pulse height analyzers (PHAs) for sorting and counting gamma rays or particle interactions by energy, for spectral analysis.

Particle detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors can measure the particle energy and other attributes such as momentum, spin, charge, particle type, in addition to merely registering the presence of the particle.
Mott scattering
In physics, Mott scattering is elastic electron scattering from nuclei. It is a form of Coulomb scattering that requires treatment of spin-coupling. It is named after Nevill Francis Mott, who first developed the theory in 1929.

Mott scattering is similar to Rutherford scattering but electrons are used instead of alpha particles as they do not interact via the strong interaction (only through weak interaction and electromagnetism), which enable electrons to penetrate the atomic nucleus, giving valuable insight into the nuclear structure.

Nevill Mott
Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was a British theoretical physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The Prize was shared with Philip W. Anderson and John Van Vleck. The three had conducted loosely related research. Mott and Anderson clarified the reasons why magnetic or amorphous materials can sometimes be metallic and sometimes insulating.
Jinghui Zhang
Jinghui Zhang is a computational biologist and osteosarcoma researcher. She is the Chair of Department of Computational Biology and Endowed Chair of Bioinformatics at the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

Computational biology
Computational biology refers to the use of techniques in computer science, data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. An intersection of computer science, biology, and data science, the field also has foundations in applied mathematics, molecular biology, cell biology, chemistry, and genetics.
Laurie D. Cox
Laurie Davidson Cox (August 18, 1883 – October 1, 1968) was a leading American landscape architect and Hall of Fame coach and contributor to the sport of lacrosse. He was professor of Landscape Engineering at the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, where he was responsible for establishing Syracuse University's lacrosse program. Cox later became the president of New England College.

New England College
New England College (NEC) is a private liberal arts college in Henniker, New Hampshire, United States. It is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. As of fall 2020, the college enrolled 4,327 students (1,776 undergraduate and 2,551 graduate).
Enteropathic arthropathy
Enteropathic arthropathy, commonly referred to as enteropathic arthritis, is a type of arthritis linked to Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

Along with reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis, this type of arthritis is categorized as a seronegative spondyloarthropathy.

Other gastrointestinal disorders like Whipple's disease, celiac disease, and intestinal bypass surgery for severe obesity can also cause joint involvement. The pathogenesis of arthritis in these conditions is likely influenced by immunologic, genetic, and abnormal bowel permeability factors, though the precise mechanisms are still unknown.

Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) being the principal types. Crohn's disease affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Southern Ohio Copperheads
The Southern Ohio Copperheads is a community-owned, student-operated collegiate summer baseball team based in Athens, Ohio. The team is a member of the Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League (GLSCL), one of 11 leagues in the National Alliance of College Summer Baseball (NACSB). In 2018, Southern Ohio won its first and only GLSCL Championship in franchise history.

The Copperheads play their home games at Bob Wren Stadium, which is also the home ballpark of the Ohio Bobcats baseball team. The current executive director is Jake Lietzow , the General Manager of the Copperheads is Nicholas Medvitz , and the head coach of the Copperheads is Rocky Brunty.

Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League
The Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League (GLSCL) is a collegiate summer baseball league in the Great Lakes region of the United States. It is affiliated with the National Alliance of College Summer Baseball and comprises teams with college baseball players from around North America. The league is sanctioned and supported by Major League Baseball. Players are not paid so as to maintain their NCAA eligibility, and the league follows NCAA rules. Many of the teams play in baseball stadiums that are normally occupied by college teams.

The Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League uses wooden bats to prepare collegiate players for the transition to professional baseball.
Darren Thiboutot Jr.
Darren "Lightnin'" Thiboutot Jr. (born September 5, 1997) is an American guitarist, known for his work with Memphis Lightning.  He has also shared the stage and or recorded with Eddie Kirkland, Jimmie Vaughan, Samantha Fish, Albert Castiglia, Paul Nelson, Brent Mason, Robin Trower, Buddy Guy and many more.

Samantha Fish
Samantha Fish (born January 30, 1989) is an American guitarist and singer-songwriter from Kansas City, Missouri. While often cited as a blues artist, Fish's work features and draws from multiple genres, including rock, country, funk, bluegrass, and ballads.

Among other awards, she has received two  Grammy Best Contemporary Blues Album nominations, for her 2023 collaboration with Jesse Dayton titled Death Wish Blues and for her 2025 album Paper Doll.
Civil Party (Costa Rica)
The Civil Party (Spanish: Partido Civil) was a Costa Rican political party active between 1893 and 1917. Closely associated with the leadership of Rafael Iglesias Castro, the party played a central role in national politics during the 1890s, governing the country through his presidency from 1894 to 1902 and shaping state policy during a period of political consolidation.

Personalist in character, the Civil Party promoted a broadly liberal political orientation that emphasized state authority, economic modernization, the combat of vagrancy and vice, and limits on clerical political influence, while lacking a fixed ideological platform. Although it declined after Iglesias’s departure from office and failed electoral attempts in the early 20th century, civilismo remained influential in Costa Rican political culture until the death of Iglesias in 1924.

Vice
A vice is a practice, behaviour, habit or item generally considered morally wrong in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a bad or unhealthy habit. Vices are usually associated with a fault in a person's character or temperament rather than their morality.

Synonyms for vice include fault, sin, depravity, iniquity, wickedness, and corruption. The antonym of vice is virtue.
Premios de la Academia de Música
The Premios de la Academia de Música (Music Academy Awards in English) are an annual music ceremony destined to reward outstanding achievements in Spanish music. Presented by the Academia de la Música de España (ACAMUS), they serve as a continuation for the Premios Amigo, Premios de la Música, and Premios Odeón, which have been the main awards ceremony for Spanish music releases over the years.

The first edition of the awards took place at IFEMA Palacio Municipal in Madrid, Spain, on 10 June 2024, presenting a total of 43 categories.

Premios Odeón
The Premios Odeón (or Odeon Awards in its English interpretation) are a series of awards presented annually by the Asociación de Gestión de Derechos Intelectuales (AGEDI) in collaboration with Productores de Música de España (PROMUSICAE), Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE), Fundación Autor and Sociedad de Artistas de España (AIE) to recognize the best of Spanish music and to award the talent of Spanish artists in a diversity of genres and categories. Due to the implication of this associations, Premios Odeón are considered the Spanish equivalent to the Grammy Awards. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have more popular interest. The Premios Odeón are considered the successors to the Premios Amigo and the Premios de la Música, which were canceled in 2007 and 2012 respectively.
USS Serene
USS Serene (AM-300) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. She served in the Pacific Ocean and was awarded six battle stars. She was decommissioned and placed in reserve in 1946. In January 1964, the former Serene was transferred to South Vietnam as RVNS Nhật Tảo (HQ-10) in the Republic of Vietnam Navy. She was sunk in January 1974 during combat with Chinese forces in the Battle of the Paracel Islands.

Battle of the Paracel Islands
The Battle of the Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙海战; pinyin: Xisha haizhan; Vietnamese: Hải chiến Hoàng Sa) was an engagement between the Chinese and South Vietnamese navies near the Paracel Islands from 19 to 20 January 1974. The battle was part of an attempt by the South Vietnamese navy to remove the Chinese navy from the area towards the end of the Vietnam War.

Prior to the conflict, part of the Paracel Islands was controlled by China and another part was controlled by South Vietnam. The battle resulted in a victory for China over South Vietnam. Consequently, China occupied the portion formerly controlled by South Vietnam and established full de facto control over the Paracels. The battle made South Vietnam conduct a campaign to station troops on unoccupied islands in the Spratlys from 30th.
Merkel-cell carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer occurring in about three thousand persons per year in the United States. It is also known as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Factors involved in the development of MCC include the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV or MCV), a weakened immune system, or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Merkel cell carcinoma usually arises on the head, neck, and extremities, as well as in the perianal region and on the eyelid. It ‘most often presents in an older white population with a male predominance'; 'median age of presentation falls within the late seventh decade, despite a broad age range (fourth to tenth decades).’ MCC is less common in children.

Primary tumor
A primary tumor is a tumor growing at the anatomical site where tumor progression began and proceeded to yield a cancerous mass. Most solid cancers develop at their primary site but may then go on to metastasize or spread to other parts of the body. These further tumors are secondary tumors.

Most cancers continue to be called after their primary site, as in breast cancer or lung cancer for example, even after they have spread to other parts of the body. Cancer of unknown primary origin is cancer that is determined to be at the metastatic stage, but a primary tumor cannot be identified.
Hyperphyscia
Hyperphyscia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. These lichens form tightly attached, leaf-like crusts that spread outward in rosettes, with individual lobes radiating in shallow, overlapping tiers that are seldom more than a millimetre or two wide and range in colour from pale brownish-grey to dark brown. They reproduce through brown, disc-shaped fruiting bodies that sit directly on the upper surface and contain thick-walled brown ascospores divided by a single cross-wall, typical of many members of their family.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.