hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2016 Western Bulldogs season
The 2016 season was the Western Bulldogs' 91st year in the Australian Football League (AFL). It was just their second year under coach Luke Beveridge, with Robert Murphy being appointed captain for the second year in a row. However, due to an injury Murphy suffered in the opening rounds of the season, Easton Wood took over the captaincy for the remainder of the year. The club's regular season began on 27 March against the Fremantle Dockers at Marvel Stadium. The Bulldogs finished off the home & away season with 15 wins and 7 losses, placing them at 7th on the ladder. The Bulldogs went on to win the 2016 AFL Grand Final, capturing their first VFL/AFL Premiership since 1954.

2016 AFL Grand Final
The 2016 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between Sydney and the Western Bulldogs at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 1 October 2016. It was the 121st annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers of the 2016 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,981 spectators, was won by the Bulldogs by a margin of 22 points, marking the club's second VFL/AFL premiership victory and first since 1954. It was the first time in VFL/AFL history that a team won the premiership from seventh place on the ladder. Jason Johannisen of the Bulldogs was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (in case citations, E.D. Mich.) is the federal district court with jurisdiction over the eastern half of the Lower Peninsula of the State of Michigan. The Court is based in Detroit, with courthouses also located in Ann Arbor, Bay City, Flint, and Port Huron. The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit has appellate jurisdiction over the court (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

As of July 16, 2025, the acting United States attorney is Jerome F. Gorgon, Jr.

Bay City, Michigan
Bay City is a city in Bay County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 32,661 at the 2020 census. The city is located just upriver from the Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River. It is the principal city of the Bay City metropolitan area, which is coterminous with Bay County as part of the larger Greater Tri-Cities region of Central Michigan. Several historic bridges cross the Saginaw River in Bay City, including Liberty Bridge, Veterans Memorial Bridge, Independence Bridge, and Lafayette Avenue Bridge.
Thysanotus parviflorus
Thysanotus parviflorus is a species of flowering plant in the Asparagaceae family, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a perennial herb with fleshy roots and one or two terete, narrowly linear leaves, umbels of four to six purple flowers with linear sepals, broadly elliptic to circular, fringed petals and six stamens of differing lengths.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
F (film)
F (also known as The Expelled) is a 2010 British slasher film written and directed by Johannes Roberts, and starring David Schofield, Eliza Bennett, Ruth Gemmell, Juliet Aubrey and Roxanne McKee. It follows a group of teachers who must defend themselves from a gang of murderous youths when their school comes under siege after hours.

F had its premiere at the London FrightFest Film Festival on 27 August 2010, and was released in the United Kingdom on 17 September 2010, by Optimum Releasing.  The film received positive reviews from critics, particularly within the horror genre community. It was praised for its intense atmosphere and tension, though some critics found it formulaic.

Ruth Gemmell
Ruth Katrin Gemmell (born October 1967) is an English actress. She starred in the film Fever Pitch in 1997 which was followed by supporting roles in television series EastEnders, Casualty, Home Fires, and Penny Dreadful. She has played Carly Beaker, the mother of the title character in the Tracy Beaker franchise since 2004. In 2020, she began playing Violet, Dowager Viscountess Bridgerton in the Netflix series Bridgerton.
Qua Grant
Mar'Qualen Grant is an American professional basketball player for the Maccabi Rishon LeZion. He played college basketball for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes, Wichita State Shockers and Sam Houston Bearkats.

West Texas A&M Buffaloes
The West Texas A&M Buffaloes, also known as the WTAMU Buffaloes or WT Buffaloes, and formerly West Texas State Buffaloes and WTSU Buffaloes, are the athletic teams that represent West Texas A&M University, located in Canyon, Texas, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Buffaloes, colloquially known as the Buffs (men) and Lady Buffs (women), compete as members of the Lone Star Conference for all 14 varsity sports.

West Texas A&M was a member of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association from 1941 to 1961. The football team won a conference championship in 1950. The Buffs were members of the Missouri Valley Conference from 1972 to 1985.
Beta-ureidopropionase
In enzymology, a beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O  beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine and H2O, whereas its 3 products are beta-alanine, CO2, and NH3.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis.

Β-Alanine
β-Alanine (beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid, which is an amino acid in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon atom (i.e. the carbon atom two carbon atoms away from the carboxylate group) instead of the more usual α-carbon atom for alanine (α-alanine).  The IUPAC name for β-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.  Unlike its counterpart α-alanine, β-alanine has no stereocenter.
Glassroth v. Moore
Glassroth v. Moore, 335 F.3d 1282 (11th Cir. 2003), and its companion case Maddox and Howard v. Moore, 229 F. Supp. 2d 1290 (M.D. Ala. 2002), is a decision from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit that held a 2+1⁄2 ton granite monument of the Ten Commandments placed in the rotunda of the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in Montgomery, Alabama by then-Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore was a violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

Supreme Court of Alabama
The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.

The Governor of Alabama may fill vacancies when they occur for the remainder of unexpired terms. The current line-up for the court is all Republican. There is no specific limitation on the number of terms to which a member may be elected. However, the state constitution under Amendment 328, adopted in 1973, prohibits any member from seeking election once they reach age 70.

The Clerk of Court is Margaret "Megan" Byrne Rhodebeck, who assumed the office by appointment on August 1, 2022.
Hadi Ahmed
Hadi Ahmed Basheer (Arabic: هَادِي أَحْمَد بَشِير; born November 1, 1951) is an Iraqi football coach and former player. He played as a midfielder and spent the majority of his career with Al-Minaa club.

He was capped Iraqi League title for Al-Mina'a in 1978, and appeared at the World Military Cup 1977, He played matches in Pestabola Merdeka 1977 in Malaysia. Hadi play in the Moscow Olympics in 1980, where his goal was the debut Iraqi goal in Olympic competition, against Costa Rica; sports fans called him: the (Maestro of Iraqi football). He played in 5th Arabian Gulf Cup in 1979 and scored two goals, the first goal against Emirates, and the second against Kuwait, and won the best player title of the tournament. He took part in the three seasons of the tournament (1976, 1979 and 1982) and scored the goal of No. 200 in the tournament's history.

Hadi's older brother, Abdul Razzaq, was playing with him in Al-Mina'a (captain), Hadi has influenced his style.

Merdeka Tournament
Merdeka Tournament (Malay: Pestabola Merdeka) is an international friendly football tournament held in Malaysia to commemorate the Independence Day. It is mainly played at Independence Stadium, in Kuala Lumpur. "Merdeka" is the Malay word (borrowed from Sanskrit) for independence or freedom. As of 2024, the tournament has been held 43 times, though with decreasing frequency in recent decades.

The Merdeka Tournament is the oldest invitational football tournament in Asia, and the matches in the tournament are considered International "A" matches (Friendly match) by FIFA.
Jaylin Lane
Joshua Jaylin Lane (born May 1, 2002) is an American professional football wide receiver and punt returner for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders and Virginia Tech Hokies. Lane was selected by the Commanders in the fourth round of the 2025 NFL draft.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Shavendra Silva
General Shavendra Silva, WWV, RWP, RSP, VSV, USP (Sinhala: ශවේන්ද්‍ර සිල්වා, Tamil: ஷவேந்திர சில்வா) is a retired Sri Lanka Army officer who served as Chief of Defence Staff, the head of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2024. He also served as the Commander  of the Sri Lanka Army from 19 August 2019 to 31 May 2022. His other important appointments include, Chief of Staff of the army, Adjutant General and Director of Operations of the Army. During the Sri Lankan civil war he gained fame as the General Officer Commanding of the elite 58 Division. He had also served as the Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations Headquarters.

Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army
Chief of Staff of the Army (CoSA) has been the title of the second in command of the Sri Lanka Army. The post is held by a regular officer of the rank of major general and is the second senior position in the army. Chief of staff is charged with assisting the Army Commander in both operational and administrative aspects, functioning as the Acting Army Commander in his absences or incantation. Chief of staff is assisted by the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army.
Vladislav Kurasov
Vladislav Kurasov (Belarusian: Уладзіслаў Курасаў, romanized: Uladzislaw Kurasaw, Russian: Владислав Курасов, born 13 March 1995) is a Belarussian singer, songwriter, the finalist of the Ukrainian version of the television show The X-Factor, the winner of the television show Star Ring, The People's Voice Winner at the 2013 International Songwriting Competition, winner of the 2014 Unsigned Only Music Competition Fandemonium. He became a semifinalist in the Ukrainian National Selection for Eurovision Song Contest 2016, with "I'm Insane"

X-Factor (Ukrainian TV series)
X-Factor (Ukrainian: Ікс-Фактор) is the Ukrainian version of The X Factor, a show originating from the United Kingdom. It is a television music talent show for aspiring pop singers drawn from public auditions. Auditions were held in major cities of Ukraine: Dnipro, Lviv, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Poltava, Korosten, Zaporizhzhia, Simferopol, Mykolaiv, Chernivtsi, Uzhhorod, Lutsk, and Rivne.

So far there have been ten winners of the show: Oleksiy Kuznetsov, Viktor Romanchenko, Aida Nikolaychuk, Alexander Poryadinsky, Dmitry Babak, Kostyantyn Bocharov, Sevak Khanagyan, Misha Panchishyn, ZBSband and Elina Ivashchenko.
Sabrina Voinea
Sabrina Maneca-Voinea (born 4 June 2007) is a Romanian artistic gymnast. She is the 2024 European balance beam and floor exercise silver medalist and the 2023 European floor exercise bronze medalist. She represented Romania at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

2024 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 35th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held from 2–5 May 2024 in Rimini, Italy. The competition served as Olympic qualification for one individual berth, which was won by Belgium's Maellyse Brassart.
Nanoinformatics
Nanoinformatics is the application of informatics to nanotechnology.  It is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding nanomaterials, their properties, and their interactions with biological entities, and using that information more efficiently.  It differs from cheminformatics in that nanomaterials usually involve nonuniform collections of particles that have distributions of physical properties that must be specified.  The nanoinformatics infrastructure includes ontologies for nanomaterials, file formats, and data repositories.

Nanoinformatics has applications for improving workflows in fundamental research, manufacturing, and environmental health, allowing the use of high-throughput data-driven methods to analyze broad sets of experimental results.  Nanomedicine applications include analysis of nanoparticle-based pharmaceuticals for structure–activity relationships in a similar manner to bioinformatics.

Structure–activity relationship
The structure–activity relationship (SAR) is the relationship between the chemical structure of a molecule and its biological activity. This idea was first presented by Alexander Crum Brown and Thomas Richard Fraser at least as early as 1868.

The analysis of SAR enables the determination of the chemical group responsible for evoking a target biological effect in the organism. This allows modification of the effect or the potency of a bioactive compound (typically a drug) by changing its chemical structure. Medicinal chemists use the techniques of chemical synthesis to insert new chemical groups into the biomedical compound and test the modifications for their biological effects.

This method was refined to build mathematical relationships between the chemical structure and the biological activity, known as quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR). A related term is structure affinity relationship (SAFIR).
Michael Woods (Irish politician)
Michael Joseph Woods (born 8 December 1935) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Government Chief Whip from July 1979 to December 1979, Minister for Social Welfare from 1979 to 1981, 1987 to 1991, March 1982 to December 1982 and 1993 to 1994, Minister for Health from 1979 to 1981, March 1982 to December 1982 and November 1994 to December 1994, Minister for Agriculture and Food from 1991 to 1992, Minister for the Marine from 1992 to 1993, Minister for the Marine and Natural Resources from 1997 to 2000 and Minister for Education and Science from 2000 to 2002. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 2011.

Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine
The Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (Irish: An tAire Talmhaíochta, Bia, Iascaigh agus Mara) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine.

The current Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine is Martin Heydon. He is assisted by three ministers of state:

Noel Grealish, TD – Minister of State for food promotion, new markets, research and development

Michael Healy-Rae, TD – Minister of State for forestry, farm safety and horticulture

Timmy Dooley, TD – Minister of State for the marine
Jim Buttress
Jim Cuthbert Buttress (born 28 January 1945) is a British horticulturalist. He managed gardens for Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and went on to become a judge for the RHS, creating eight gold winning gardens at the Chelsea Flower Show. He was awarded the RHS Victoria Medal of Honour in 2006. He was known as 'The Queen's gardener".

Chelsea Flower Show
The RHS Chelsea Flower Show, formally known as the Great Spring Show, is a garden show held for five days in May by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in the grounds of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in Chelsea, London. Held at Chelsea since 1912, the show is attended by members of the British royal family.

Highlights to the Chelsea Flower Show include the avant-garde show gardens designed by leading names with Floral Marquee at the centrepiece. The Show also features smaller gardens such as the Artisan and Urban Gardens.
Rouzbeh Yassini
Rouzbeh Yassini (Persian: روزبه یاسینی) is an American engineer who is known within the broadband communications industry as "the father of the cable modem" for being the founder of LANCity, the first company to deliver a practical device. He also helped establish cable modem industry standards (DOCSIS) through his work with Cable Television Laboratories (CableLabs). Yassini is executive director of the University of New Hampshire Broadband Center Of Excellence, founder and board member of the YAS Foundation, and is the author of several books.

CableLabs
Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (CableLabs) is a nonprofit corporation promoting innovation as a research and development lab founded in 1988 by American cable operators. System operators from around the world are eligible to be members.

The DOCSIS standard for cable Internet access was originally developed by CableLabs and contributing companies, including Arris, BigBand Networks, Broadcom, Cisco, Comcast, Conexant, Correlant, Cox, Harmonic, Intel, Motorola, Netgear, Terayon, Time Warner Cable, and Texas Instruments.

In 2013, CableLabs absorbed its European equivalent, Cable Europe Labs.
USC Eye Institute
The USC Gayle and Edward Roski Eye Institute, part of Keck School of Medicine of USC, is a center for ophthalmic care, research and education located in downtown Los Angeles, California. It has subsidiary clinics in Pasadena, Beverly Hills and Arcadia.  It was allied with the Doheny Eye Institute from 1975 until 2013, when Doheny allied with University of California Los Angeles.

USC Keck School of Medicine
The USC Keck School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Southern California. The school teaches and trains physicians, biomedical scientists and other healthcare professionals, conducts medical research, and treats patients. Founded in 1885, it is the second oldest medical school in California after the UCSF School of Medicine.

It is located on the university's health sciences campus in northeastern Los Angeles which is adjacent to the Boyle Heights and Lincoln Heights neighborhoods.: 34  For the physician class of 2024, the average GPA was 3.8 and the average MCAT score was 517. In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked the school #28 in Best Medical Schools: Research, and tied for #52 in Best Medical Schools: Primary Care.
85th Street (Manhattan)
85th Street is a westbound-running street, running from East End Avenue to Riverside Drive in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, United States.

At Fifth Avenue, the street feeds into the 86th Street transverse, which runs east–west through Central Park and heads from the Upper East Side (where it is known as East 85th Street) to West 86th Street on the Upper West Side. West 85th Street resumes one block south of the transverse's western end.  It includes landmarks such as the Lewis Gouverneur and Nathalie Bailey Morris House at 100 East 85th Street, the sidewalk clock at East 85th Street and Third Avenue, the Yorkville Bank Building at 201–203 East 85th Street, Red House at 350 West 85th Street, and 
Regis High School.

Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)
Ninth Avenue, known as Columbus Avenue between West 59th and 110th Streets, is a thoroughfare on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. Traffic runs downtown (southbound) from the Upper West Side to Chelsea. Two short sections of Ninth Avenue also exist in the Inwood neighborhood, carrying two-way traffic.
Sam Potolicchio
Sam Potolicchio (/pɒtɒˈlɪkɪɒ/) is a professor specializing in government, leadership and political communications. He served as Director of Global and Custom Education at Georgetown University's McCourt School of Public Policy Executive Education program and Distinguished Professor and Department Chair of Political Communications at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA).

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) is a federal state-funded institution of higher education located in Moscow, Russia.

With the merger of Academy of National Economy (ANE), Russian Academy of Public Administration (RAPA), 12 other regional civil service academies in 2010, the newly formed Russian Presidential Academy became one of the larger socioeconomic and humanities universities in Russia and Europe.

The academy consists of 22 faculties, had 55 branches, and includes the Graduate School of Corporate Management (President – acad. Abel Aganbegyan) and delivers professional degree programs including 113 bachelor's programs, 11 specialist programs, nearly 150 master's programs and 7 vocational/associate degree programs. It is a Consultative body under the Government of Russian Federation.
Cowboy Hill (American football)
Harry Franklin "Cowboy" Hill (March 30, 1899 – February 3, 1966) was an American professional football tailback who played four seasons with the Toledo Maroons, Kansas City Blues/Cowboys and New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Oklahoma.

Kansas City Cowboys (NFL)
The Kansas City Cowboys were a National Football League team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The team was founded as the Kansas City Blues in 1924, and as the Kansas City Cowboys in 1925 and 1926. The Blues competed as a traveling team, playing all of their NFL games in other cities' stadiums in their only year under that name. LeRoy Andrews acted as the team's player-coach.