hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
HMS Grasshopper (1909)
HMS Grasshopper was a Beagle-class (or G-class) destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Beagles were coal-fuelled ships, designed for a speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h), armed with a 4-inch (102 mm gun and two torpedo tubes. Grasshopper was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company at their Govan yard, between 1909 and 1910, being launched on 23 November 1909 and completing in July 1910.

Grasshopper was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1913, and spent most of the First World War in the Mediterranean, taking part in the Gallipoli campaign, before returning to British waters in 1917. She was sold for scrap in November 1921.

Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign
The naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign (17 February 1915 – 9 January 1916) took place against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Ships of the Royal Navy, French Marine nationale, Imperial Russian Navy (Российский императорский флот) and the Royal Australian Navy, attempted to force a passage through the Dardanelles Straits, a narrow, 41-mile-long (66 km) waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea further north.

The naval operations were defeated by the Ottoman defenders, mainly through use of naval mines. The Allies conducted the Gallipoli campaign, a land invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula to eliminate the Ottoman artillery along the straits before resuming naval operations. The Allies also passed submarines through the Dardanelles to attack Ottoman shipping in the Sea of Marmara.
Substitution matrix
In bioinformatics and evolutionary biology, a substitution matrix describes the frequency at which a character in a nucleotide sequence or a protein sequence changes to other character states over evolutionary time.  The information is often in the form of log odds of finding two specific character states aligned and depends on the assumed number of evolutionary changes or sequence dissimilarity between compared sequences. It is an application of a stochastic matrix. Substitution matrices are usually seen in the context of amino acid or DNA sequence alignments, where they are used to calculate similarity scores between the aligned sequences.

Logit
In statistics, the logit (/ˈloʊdʒɪt/ LOH-jit) function is the quantile function associated with the standard logistic distribution. It has many uses in data analysis and machine learning, especially in data transformations.

Mathematically, the logit is the inverse of the standard logistic function , so the logit is defined as

Because of this, the logit is also called the log-odds since it is equal to the logarithm of the odds  where p is a probability. Thus, the logit is a type of function that maps probability values from  to real numbers in , akin to the probit function.
First Bank of Nigeria
First Bank of Nigeria is a multinational bank and financial services company with headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria. First Bank was founded in 1894 by Sir Alfred Jones and is currently owned by First HoldCo PLC, which in itself has diversified ownership with over 1.3 million shareholders.

Alfred Lewis Jones
Sir Alfred Lewis Jones KCMG comYC (24 February 1845 – 13 December 1909) was a Welsh businessman and ship-owner. Described by W. T. Stead as "The Uncrowned King of West Africa", Jones was a pre-eminent figure in the colonial shipping trade who amassed considerable business through his many exploits. He was also regarded as a public benefactor in later life and through the execution of his will.
Taym Allah
Taym Allah (also transliterated Taymallah), known as Taym Allat (also transliterated Taymallat) in the pre-Islamic period or before their conversion to Christianity, were an Arab tribe in eastern Arabia and the lower Euphrates valley, belonging to the Banu Bakr confederation. They were a relatively minor branch and most of their pre-Islamic history pertains to their role in the Lahazim alliance of Bakrite tribes in the alliance's conflicts with the Tamim tribe and the Lakhmids, the main Arab vassals of the Sasanian Empire. They fought against the Muslims during the conquest of Iraq, but afterward embraced Islam and eventually, a number of their tribesmen held important military positions in the eastern provinces of the Caliphate. A small section of the tribe settled the Wadi al-Taym valley, which is called after them, in modern Lebanon.

Miaphysitism
Miaphysitism (/maɪˈæfɪsaɪtɪzəm, miː-/) is the Christological doctrine that holds Jesus, the Incarnate Word, is fully divine and fully human, in one nature or physis (Greek: φύσις). It is the position held by the Oriental Orthodox Churches. It differs from the dyophysitism of the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, the Church of the East and major Protestant denominations, which holds that Jesus is one person with two natures (divine and human) as defined by the Council of Chalcedon in 451.

While historically a major point of controversy within Christianity, some modern declarations by both Chalcedonian and Miaphysite churches claim that the difference between the two Christological formulations does not reflect any significant difference in belief about the nature of Christ. Other statements from both Chalcedonian and Miaphysite churches claim that such difference is indeed theological but has been "widened by non-theological factors".
Executions and assassinations during the Gaza war
During the Gaza war there have been a very large number of incidents of deliberate killings of people who were non-combatants. In addition to unarmed civilians, many of the soldiers and militants who were killed - and often reported simply as militants or soldiers, as if they died in combat - were not actively engaging in hostilities at their time of death. There have also been many alleged assassinations, summary executions, deaths in custody, or other extrajudicial killings, with varying amounts of evidence.

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Assyrian politics in Iraq
Assyrian politics in Iraq have been taking many different turns since the US invasion of the country in 2003. Today, there are many different Assyrian political parties in Iraq. The main Assyrian party that came out from the 2005 elections was the Assyrian Democratic Movement. However, Sarkis Aghajan began to challenge its power beginning in 2006 with the opening of Ishtar TV and the KDP-affiliated Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council.

As of 2025, owing to continuous violence and political marginalization, Assyrians no longer have proper political representation in Iraq. Many of the seats that are reserved for the community have since been hijacked by the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Babylon Movement under the leadership of Rayan al-Kildani.

Babylon Movement
The Babylon Movement (Arabic: حركة بابليون, Syriac: ܙܘܥܐ ܕܒܒܠ) is a political party in Iraq founded in 2014. The party's armed wing is the Babylon Brigades, a militia that was formed as part of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces. Rayan al-Kildani currently leads the party since founding it in 2014.

The party, through its incorporation into the Popular Mobilization Forces, has close ties to the Badr Organization and IRGC. Since the defeat of ISIS, the Babylon Movement has been accused a multitude of human rights abuses, including illegal land seizures in the Nineveh Governorate and election corruption. While the party claims to represent the interests of Iraqi Christians, primarily the Assyrian people, a majority of the party's voters and members are Shia Muslim, since a ruling in 2009 designated that any Iraqi could vote for designated minority seats.
Maria Olovennikova
Maria Nikolaevna Olovennikova (Russian: Мария Николаевна Оловенникова; 15 May 1852 – 20 September 1898) was a Russian Narodnik revolutionary. Born into a noble family, she became a revolutionary socialist in the 1870s, participating in the activities of Zemlya i Volya and co-founding Narodnaya Volya. A convinced Jacobin, she believed in the need for a revolutionary organisation to overthrow the Tsarist autocracy and establish a centralised government that could direct a political and social revolution. After the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, she moved abroad to France and continued her activism with the Narodniks in exile. She suffered from ill health throughout the 1880s and 1890s, leading to her death in 1898.

Narodniks
The Narodniks were members of a movement of the Russian Empire intelligentsia in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism. Their ideology, known as Narodism, Narodnism, or Narodnichestvo, was a form of agrarian socialism, though it is often misunderstood as populism.

The Going to the People campaigns were the central impetus of the Narodnik movement. The Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebears and, in notable cases, direct participants of the Russian Revolution—in particular of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, which went on to greatly influence Russian history in the early 20th century.
Alexus Grynkewich
Alexus Gregory Grynkewich (born October 15, 1971; call-sign "Grynch") is a United States Air Force general who has served as the commander of the United States European Command and Supreme Allied Commander Europe since 2025. He was previously the director for operations of the Joint Staff from 2024 to 2025. Before that, he had been the commander of the Ninth Air Force from 2022 to 2024 and the director of operations of the U.S. Central Command from 2020 to 2022.

Grynkewich was commissioned from the United States Air Force Academy in 1993. During his career Grynkewich was an F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-22 Raptor pilot, and achieved the U.S. Air Force classification of command pilot by having more than 2,300 flight hours. His senior positions have included commander of the 53rd Wing and deputy commander for operations of the Operation Inherent Resolve Combined Joint Task Force.

United States European Command
The United States European Command (EUCOM) is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States military, headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. Its area of focus covers 21,000,000 square miles (54,000,000 km2) and 51 countries and territories, including Europe, the Caucasus, and Russia. The Commander of the United States EUCOM simultaneously serves as the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR) within NATO, a military alliance. During the Gulf War and Operation Northern Watch, EUCOM controlled the forces flying from Incirlik Air Base.
Mandrill (comics)
Mandrill (Jerome Beechman) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Mandrill is a mutant resembling his namesake who has battled Daredevil, Shanna the She-Devil, and the Defenders on multiple occasions. He can generate pheromones that place women under his control, which he used to found the all-female cult Black Spectre.

Mandrill has made limited appearances in media outside comics, with Fred Tatasciore and Kevin Michael Richardson voicing him in the animated series The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes and M.O.D.O.K. respectively.

Black Spectre
Black Spectre is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Black Spectre is a supervillain who first appeared in Moon Knight #25 (Nov. 1982) and was created by writer Doug Moench and penciller Bill Sienkiewicz. The different incarnations of the character is one of the greatest enemies of the vigilante Moon Knight.
Hektor Invictus
Christian Tscherpel better known by his ring name Hektor Invictus is a German professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his time in Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw) where he is a former wXw World Tag Team Champion and wXw Shotgun Champion. He is also known for his various tenures with promotions from the European independent scene.

WXw Shotgun Championship
The wXw Shotgun Championship is a professional wrestling championship created and promoted by the German promotion Westside Xtreme Wrestling. All of the matches disputed for the title are broadcast on wXw's YouTube channel. The first champion was crowned on August 18, 2013. Ilja Dragunov defeated Tony Blunt in the finals of a tournament to become the first champion.
Ezra Horton
Ezra Horton (20 August 1861 – 10 July 1939) was an English footballer who played at right-half; he had the nickname "Ironsides". He played for West Bromwich Albion in the FA Cup final in 1886, 1887 and 1888. His younger brother Jack was also a footballer.

1888 FA Cup final
The 1888 FA Cup final was contested by West Bromwich Albion and Preston North End at the Kennington Oval. Preston were strong favourites for the Cup, having set a record which still stands today by beating Hyde 26–0 in the first round, and were so confident of overcoming West Bromwich Albion in the final that they asked to be photographed with the trophy before the game. The FA president Major Francis Marindin turned them down and said: "Hadn't you better win it first?" They did not get their photo after the game either. So lacking in confidence were their West Bromwich opponents that when  offered bets on the outcome of the game by the Preston players, they all refused, no matter how great the odds.
West Brom won 2–1, with their goals scored by George Woodhall and Jem Bayliss. Fred Dewhurst scored Preston's effort.
Bad Books
Bad Books is an American indie rock band formed in early 2010, and is composed of indie folk artist Kevin Devine and members of indie rock band Manchester Orchestra along with drummer Benjamin Homola.  The collaboration began when Kevin toured along with Manchester Orchestra in November–December 2008 in support of his EP I Could Be with Anyone, and followed by the release of the split EP entitled I Could Be the Only One in January 2010.

A self-titled full-length album by the band was released digitally on October 19, 2010, and on a physical CD on November 9, 2010. A second album, simply entitled II, followed two years later, on October 9, 2012.

II (Bad Books album)
II is the second album from the folk/indie rock collaboration project by folk artist Kevin Devine and members of indie rock band Manchester Orchestra. It was released on October 9, 2012, exactly two years after the band's self-titled debut album, on Triple Crown Records. Like the first album, the songs written were collaborations between Kevin Devine and Manchester Orchestra's frontman Andy Hull.

Announcement on the album's title, release date and new label took place on the band's Facebook page on August 12, 2012. The next day, on August 13, the band streamed the first single off the album, "Forest Whitaker", for free on the Rolling Stone website, and on August 22, the single was released as an official digital single on iTunes.

On September 19, 2012, the band streamed the song "It Never Stops", exclusively through AbsolutePunk.
Wildflecken
Wildflecken is a municipality in the Bad Kissingen district, at the border of northwestern Bavaria and southern Hesse. In 2022, its population was 2,935; the postal code is 97772 (US Forces used APO NY 09026 until July 15, 1991, when APO/FPO/DPO addresses got their own "state" codes, when "NY" became "AE"). Wildflecken is in the picturesque Rhön Mountains.

Bad Kissingen
Bad Kissingen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈkɪsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a German spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen. Situated to the south of the Rhön Mountains on the Franconian Saale river, it is one of the health resorts, which became famous as a "Weltbad" in the 19th century.

In 2021 the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous mineral springs and its architecture exemplifying the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
The Second Confession
The Second Confession is a detective novel by American author Rex Stout, featuring the character Nero Wolfe. The book was first published by the Viking Press in 1949. The story was also collected in other omnibus volumes, including Triple Zeck (Viking 1974). This is the second of three Nero Wolfe novels that involve crime boss Arnold Zeck – Wolfe's Professor Moriarty. In this novel he telephones Wolfe to warn him off an investigation and retaliates when Wolfe refuses to cooperate. Though the crime is solved, the ending is left open.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Nile Niami
Nile Niami (born February 25, 1968) is an American former film producer turned real estate developer, who has developed and sold multimillion-dollar mansions in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Bel Air and Holmby Hills.

Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is a residential neighborhood in the Westside region on the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains of Los Angeles, California, United States.

Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills, Bel Air forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods. Bel Air, Beverly Hills, and the Los Angeles community of Brentwood are also known as the "three Bs".
Michael Bennett (defensive lineman, born 1985)
Michael Bennett Jr. (born November 13, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies, and signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Bennett also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, and Dallas Cowboys. Over his career Bennett made three Pro Bowls and won Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seahawks. He is the brother of former tight end Martellus Bennett.

Texas A&M Aggies football
The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football.  The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).  Texas A&M football claims three national titles and 18 conference titles. The team plays all home games at Kyle Field, a 102,733-person capacity outdoor stadium on the university campus.
1700–1750 in Western fashion
Fashion in the period 1700–1750 in European and European-influenced countries was characterized by a widening silhouette for both men and women following the tall, narrow look of the 1680s and 90s. The period corresponded with the late Baroque/Rococo visual styles. Natural hair and wigs were often powdered white to achieve the fashionable look. The costume of the eighteenth century was picturesque.

The period distinguished between full dress worn at court and for formal occasions, and undress or everyday, daytime clothes. As the decades progressed, fewer and fewer occasions called for full dress, which had all but disappeared by the end of the century.

Fashion designers became more popular during this period, as men and women were eager to be dressed in the latest trends and styles. Fashion magazines emerged during this era, originally aimed at educated readers, but quickly capturing the attention of lower classes with their colorful illustrations and up-to-date fashion news.

Chemise
A chemise or shift is a classic smock type of women's undergarment or dress. Historically, a chemise was a simple garment worn next to the skin to protect clothing from sweat and body oils, the precursor to the modern shirts commonly worn in Western nations.
Packed storage matrix
A packed storage matrix, also known as packed matrix, is a term used in programming for representing an  matrix. It is a more compact way than an m-by-n rectangular array by exploiting a special structure of the matrix.

Typical examples of matrices that can take advantage of packed storage include:

symmetric or hermitian matrix

Triangular matrix

Banded matrix.

Band matrix
In mathematics, particularly matrix theory, a band matrix or banded matrix is a sparse matrix whose non-zero entries are confined to a diagonal band, comprising the main diagonal and zero or more diagonals on either side.
Chuwit Kamolvisit
Chuwit Kamolvisit (Thai: ชูวิทย์ กมลวิศิษฎ์; RTGS: Chuwit Kamonwisit; born 29 August 1961) is a controversial Thai politician who was once the country's biggest massage parlour owner, known as the "tub tycoon". After an arrest in 2003, he publicly claimed that he paid large bribes to many Thai police officers. He then sold some of his massage parlors, formed his own political party and unsuccessfully ran for Bangkok governor in August 2004. In 2005 he was elected for a four-year term to the Thai House of Representatives, but in 2006 the Constitutional Court removed him from parliament. In October 2008 he again ran for governor of Bangkok as an independent but was not elected. In the July 2011 general election his party won four seats in the House of Representatives. He used the pseudonym Davis Kamol on occasion.

2004 Bangkok gubernatorial election
The seventh gubernatorial election for the city of Bangkok, Thailand was held on August 29, 2004, to determine the governor of Bangkok. The Democrat Party's candidate, Apirak Kosayodhin, won 36.86 percent of the vote. Of a total of 3,955,855 voters, 2,472,486 people voted, a turnout rate of 62.50 percent. Samak Sundaravej, the incumbent governor, did not seek to run for a second term and ran instead in the 2006 Thai Senate election.

From the first Bangkok gubernatorial election in 1975 until this time. There were exactly 100 candidates in total.
Micah Taylor
Mike Sharrer (May 21, 1977 – September 12, 2024) was an American professional wrestler best known for his appearances with Ohio Valley Wrestling, Deep South Wrestling and WWE. Later in his career, he worked in Japan and the independent circuit in the United States.

Shane Twins
The Shane Twins (born December 21, 1967) are a professional wrestling tag team who consist of twin brothers Mike and Todd Shane. They were best known for their appearances in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) as the Gymini.