hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stoner–Wohlfarth astroid
In magnetism, the Stoner–Wohlfarth astroid curve is a curve that separates regions with two minima of the free energy density from those with only one energy minimum. It is a geometric representation of the Stoner–Wohlfarth model. This curve is of particular importance as discontinuous changes of the magnetization can take place when crossing it.

One important property of the astroid is that tangents to the astroid represent magnetization directions with extremal energy, i.e. either local minima or local maxima. For a system with a uniaxial anisotropy the tangent(s) that are closest to the easy axis lead to stable solutions, i.e. minimal energy.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Australia's Got Talent season 7
Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality television show, based on the original UK series, to find new talent. The seventh season aired on the Nine Network from 11 August 2013 until 10 November 2013. Kyle Sandilands returned as a judge for his fourth season, and was joined by Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell, as well as Julia Morris as the new host. Halliwell, French and Timomatic who is the additional fourth judge replaced original judge Dannii Minogue and Brian McFadden, while Morris replaced Grant Denyer. It was the first time that the show aired on another network, following its axing from the Seven Network in October 2012. The auditions took place from March–April 2013.

Dawn French
Dawn Roma French (born 11 October 1957) is a British actress, comedian, and writer. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC sketch comedy series French and Saunders (1987–2007) with her friend and comedy partner Jennifer Saunders, and for starring in the BBC comedy series Murder Most Horrid (1991–1999) and The Vicar of Dibley (1994–2007). She has been nominated for seven British Academy Television Awards and won a BAFTA Fellowship with Saunders in 2009.
Joseph Ayodeji
Joseph Ayodejilistenⓘis a Nigerian politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives, representing the Apapa Federal Constituency from 2015 to 2019. Prior to his tenure in the National House of Representatives, he was the Chairman of the Apapa local government area.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Cracroft, British Columbia
Cracroft is a locality at the east end of Forward Bay on the south side of West Cracroft Island in the Johnstone Strait region of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada.

The Cracroft post office and accompanying settlement was originally listed as being at the head of Port Harvey, at 50°34′10″N 126°16′20″W﻿ / ﻿50.56944°N 126.27222°W﻿ / 50.56944; -126.27222﻿ (Cracroft (old PO)) at the head of Port Harvey, but moved about 1/2 mile east prior to 1928, with the post office having opened in 1905.  It was relocated to Forward Bay in 1951, with the post office closing later that same year.  In 1961, there were 2 people residing at the original location of the Cracroft Bay Post Office, with 4 living there in 1976.

Johnstone Strait
The Johnstone Strait (French: Détroit de Johnstone) is a 110 km (68 mi) channel along the north east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada.  Opposite the Vancouver Island coast, running north to south, are Hanson Island, West Cracroft Island, the mainland British Columbia Coast, Hardwicke Island, West Thurlow Island and East Thurlow Island.  At that point, the strait meets the Discovery Passage which connects to the Georgia Strait.
Van den Eynde (family)
Van den Eynde (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn dən ˈɛində, vɑn də ˈʔɛində]) is the name of an old Netherlandish noble family. One of the earliest recorded Van den Eynde to use the three-duck canting arms was Jacob van den Eynde, first Councilor and pensionary of Delft, and the highest official in the county of Holland. The Van den Eynde became especially prominent in 16th-century Delft, 17th-century Antwerp (from whence the surname likely originates) and Naples.

Canting arms
Canting arms are heraldic bearings that represent the bearer's name (or, less often, some attribute or function) in a visual pun or rebus.

The expression derives from the latin cantare (to sing).
French heralds used the term armes parlantes (English: "talking arms"), as they would sound out the name of the armiger. Many armorial allusions require research for elucidation because of changes in language and dialect that have occurred over the past millennium.

Canting arms – some in the form of rebuses – are quite common in German civic heraldry. They have also been increasingly used in the 20th century among the British royal family. When the visual representation is expressed through a rebus, this is sometimes called a rebus coat of arms.
An in-joke among the Society for Creative Anachronism heralds is the pun, "Heralds don't pun; they cant."
Pranav Pandya
Pranav Vinodbhai Pandya is a Gujarati-language writer, poet and columnist from Gujarat, India. In 2013, he received Kavi Ravji Patel Yuva Sahitya Pratibha Award, instituted by Gujarat Samachar. In 2019, the Indian National Theatre awarded him the Shayda Award for his contribution to Gujarati poetry.

Gujarati literature
The history of Gujarati literature (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય, romanized: Gujarātī sāhitya) may be traced to 1000 AD, and this literature has flourished since then to the present. It is unique in having almost no patronage from a ruling dynasty, other than its composers.

Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, Gujarat Sahitya Akademi and Gujarati Sahitya Parishad are Gujarat-based literary institutions promoting the Gujarati literature.
2012 Plymouth City Council election
The 2012 Plymouth City Council election took place on 3 May 2012 to elect members of Plymouth City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. The election was won by the Labour Party, who gained control of the council from the Conservative Party.

2012 United Kingdom local elections
The 2012 United Kingdom local elections were held across England, Scotland and Wales on 3 May 2012. Elections were held in 128 English local authorities, all 32 Scottish local authorities and 21 of the 22 Welsh unitary authorities, alongside three mayoral elections including the London mayoralty and the London Assembly. Referendums were also held in 11 English cities to determine whether or not to introduce directly elected mayors.

The BBC's projected national vote share put Labour on 38%, the Conservatives on 31%, the Liberal Democrats on 16% and others on 15%. Rallings and Thrasher of Plymouth University estimated 39% for Labour, 33% for the Conservatives, 15% for the Liberal Democrats, and 13% for others.

The inaugural election of police and crime commissioners for 41 of the 43 territorial police forces in England and Wales took place separately, in November 2012.
The Satanic Satanist
The Satanic Satanist is the fourth studio album by American rock band Portugal. The Man. The album's artwork is a combination of photographs and watercolor illustrations by lead singer John Gourley.

On June 1, 2009, the band released the song "People Say" for free download on their official website.

On June 24, 2009, the album leaked on the Internet. Lead singer John Gourley posted a blog entry regarding the leak on the band's official website. The statement encouraged fans to download the album, but to also support the band and purchase the record upon release if enjoyed.

On October 1, 2010, the band released onto YouTube a music video for the song "People Say", directed by Michael Ragen and produced by Joy Saez.

This album featured a guest drummer who had been touring with them while Jason Sechrist took a leave of absence from the band.

John Gourley
John Baldwin Gourley (born June 12, 1981) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter from Alaska. He is the founder, lead singer and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Portugal. The Man, with the hit song "Feel It Still". Gourley was previously the lead singer in post-hardcore band Anatomy of a Ghost. Gourley is also a visual artist, who often uses the alias The Fantastic The.
Trans (album)
Trans is the thirteenth studio album by Canadian and American singer-songwriter Neil Young, released on January 10, 1983. Recorded and released during his Geffen era in the 1980s, its electronic sound baffled many fans upon its initial release—a Sennheiser vocoder VSM201 features prominently in six of the nine tracks.

Geffen Records
Geffen Records (formerly The David Geffen Company from 1980 to 1992 and Geffen Records Inc. from 1993 to 2004) is an American record label owned by Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA), a division of the Interscope Capitol Labels Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded in 1980 by David Geffen, as a music subsidiary of his then film company Geffen Pictures, with financial and distribution support from Warner Bros. Records.

In 1990, the label was sold to MCA Music Entertainment, which later became part of Universal Music Group (UMG) through acquisitions by Panasonic and Seagram. Since its merger into the Interscope Geffen A&M group in 1999, Geffen has served as a syndicate label within Interscope Records, expanding its catalog through the absorption of other imprints. It has operated as a key platform for new releases, especially following its 2003 expansion and 2017 relaunch. As of 2024, Geffen is part of Universal Music Group's Interscope Capitol Labels Group.
Marcelo Carrusca
Marcelo Adrián Carrusca (Latin American Spanish: [maɾˈselo aˈðɾjaŋ kaˈruska]; born 1 September 1983), is an Argentine-Australian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder, and is the current Head of Junior Development for Adelaide United.

Born in La Plata, Carrusca started his professional career at Estudiantes de La Plata before moving to Turkish side Galatasaray in 2006. After spending a season on loan for Mexican club Cruz Azul, Carrusca returned to Estudiantes in 2009, playing one further season at the club and one on loan at Banfield. After one season with San Martín de San Juan, Carrusca moved to A-League club Adelaide United in 2012, where he played for five seasons.

Carrusca has represented Argentina under-20, including in the victorious 2003 South American U-20 Championship team and the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. He obtained Australian citizenship in 2017.

2003 South American U-20 Championship
The 2003 South American Youth Championship (Sudamericana sub-20) is a football competition contested by all ten U-20 national football teams of CONMEBOL. The tournament was held in Uruguay between 4 and 28 January 2003, it was the 21st time the competition has been held and the second to take place in Uruguay. Argentina won their fourth trophy.
The Buddy Holly Story
The Buddy Holly Story is a 1978 American biographical musical drama film directed by Steve Rash, about the life and career of 1950s rock-and-roll musician Buddy Holly. It stars Gary Busey in the title role, and is based upon John Goldrosen's 1975 biography of Holly. The film also stars Don Stroud, Charles Martin Smith, Conrad Janis, William Jordan, and Maria Richwine.

The film was released by Columbia Pictures on May 18, 1978. It was both a critical and commercial success, with particular praise for Busey's portrayal of Holly. Busey was nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Actor, as well as a BAFTA Award nomination for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles. The film also won an Oscar for Best Music, Adaptation Score (Joe Renzetti).

Academy Award for Best Original Score
The Academy Award for Best Original Score is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically for the film by the submitting composer. Some pre-existing music is allowed, though, but a contending film must include a minimum of original music. This minimum since 2021 is established as 35% of the music, which is raised to 80% for sequels and franchise films. Fifteen scores are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Shanta Kumar
Shanta Kumar Sharma (born 12 September 1934) is an Indian politician who was the 3rd Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh and a Union Minister in the Government of India. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from Kangra constituency in 1989. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1998, 1999 and 2014 from the same constituency. He has written a number of books. He is the first and only person not of a Rajput background who has served as the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh.

9th Lok Sabha
The 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election.

Vishwanath Pratap Singh became the Prime Minister from 2 December 1989 to 10 November 1990 with the help of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Left Parties. INC loses 207 seats as compared to previous 8th Lok Sabha after the 1984 Indian general election

Later Chandra Shekhar became Prime Minister from 10 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 with outside support from Indian National Congress under Rajiv Gandhi.

The next 10th Lok Sabha was formed on 20 June 1991 after the 1991 Indian general election.
Church of the Jacobins
The Church of the Jacobins (Occitan: Eglise de Jacobins) is a deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located in Toulouse, France. It is a large brick building whose construction started in 1230, and whose architecture influenced the development of the Gothique méridional (Southern French Gothic) style. The relics of Thomas Aquinas are housed there. In the two centuries following the dissolution in France of the Dominican Order at the time of the French Revolution, it served various different purposes before undergoing major restoration in the 20th century. In the early 21st century, it was partially converted into a museum.

Toulouse being the city where the Dominican order was founded in 1215 (at Maison Seilhan), the Convent of the Jacobins of Toulouse is sometimes considered the mother church of the order, although it was not the first convent built by the Dominican friars. Other churches such as Santa Sabina in Rome also claim this title.

Roman brick
Roman brick is a type of brick used in ancient Roman architecture and spread by the Romans to the lands they conquered, or a modern adaptation inspired by the ancient prototypes. Both types are characteristically longer and flatter than standard modern bricks.
Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania
Ehrenfeld (German: "Field of Honor") is a borough in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Ehrenfeld had a population of 203. It once was nicknamed "Scooptown".  There is also Ehrenfeld and Neuehrenfeld (New-Ehrenfeld) a district of Cologne, Germany.

Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Johnstown is the largest city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 18,411 as of the 2020 census. Located 57 miles (92 km) east of Pittsburgh, it is the principal city of the Johnstown metropolitan area, which had 133,472 residents in 2020. It is also part of the Johnstown–Somerset combined statistical area, which includes both Cambria and Somerset counties. Once a bustling industrial center, like many cities in the Rust Belt, Johnstown was severely affected by the loss of jobs in the steel industry due to globalization and the movement of American manufacturing to overseas markets.
Guy Richard Bisby
Guy Richard Bisby (1889–1958) was an American Canadian mycologist and botanist in plant pathology.  He spent his early career working as a professor at the University of Minnesota and University of Manitoba in plant pathology, and his late career as Senior Assistant Mycologist at the Imperial Mycological Institute in Kew, England.  He published around  fifty books and papers in mycology that extensively contributed to the taxonomy and nomenclature of fungi.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Italy national under-23 football team
The Italy national under-23 football team (Italian: Nazionale Under-23 di calcio dell'Italia) represented Italy in international under-23 football competitions. Managed by the Italian Football Federation, it ceased to exist after the suppression of the UEFA European Under-23 Championship in 1977; its heir is the Olympic team, which has the same age criteria as the former under-23s.

The under-23's best result in UEFA competitions was reaching the quarter-finals of the 1974 UEFA European Under-23 Championship. An impromptu U-23 team was formed in 1997, twenty years after their most recent appearance; they won the football tournament of the 1997 Mediterranean Games. As of 2022, an Italy U-23 team has not played ever since.

Football at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
The 1997 Mediterranean Games football tournament was the 13th edition of the Mediterranean Games men's football tournament. The football tournament was held in Bari, Italy between 16 and 25 June 1997 as part of the 1997 Mediterranean Games and was contested by 13 teams, all countries were represented by the Olympic teams. Italy won the gold medal.
Tabea Kemme
Tabea Kemme (born 14 December 1991) is a German former professional footballer who played as a full-back or winger for Frauen-Bundesliga 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam for twelve years and for Arsenal of the FA Women's Super League.

During her youth career and the first two seasons of her senior career, Kemme played as an attacker. She switched to more defensive playing positions while playing for Germany U20 during the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Two of Kemme's goals for 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam, both long-range shots, were included in the 10 best goals of the German Football Association's Women's Goal of the Season 2014–2015 shortlist.

Kemme combined her football career with her police studies at Brandenburg's police training college.

2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
The 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup was the 5th edition of the tournament. It was held in Germany, who also hosted the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup a year later, from 13 July to 1 August 2010. Sixteen teams, comprising representatives from all six confederations, were taking part in the final competition, in which Germany had a guaranteed place as the host nation.
Olympique de Médéa
Olympique de Médéa (Arabic: أولمبي المدية), also known as 'O Médéa or simply OM for short, is an Algerian football club based in Médéa. The club was founded in 1945 and its colours are orange and blue. Their home stadium, Lyes Imam Stadium, has a capacity of 12,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Inter-Régions Division.

Interregional League
The Interregional Football League (Arabic: رابطة مابين الجهات لكرة القدم) is the third-highest division overall in the Algerian football league system. The division has six groups based on the region of the country, which are East, West and Centre-East, Centre-West, South-east and South-west each containing 16 teams from their respective regions. Each year, the first from each group are promoted to League 2 and the last three clubs from each group are relegated to the Ligue Régional I.
NGC 7679
NGC 7679 is a lenticular galaxy with a peculiar morphology in the constellation Pisces. It is located at a distance of about 200 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 7679 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on September 23, 1864. The total infrared luminosity is 1011.05 L☉, and thus it is categorised as a luminous infrared galaxy. NGC 7679 is both a starburst galaxy and a Seyfert galaxy.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Siphiwe Nyanda
General Siphiwe Nyanda SSA SBS CLS DMG MMS MMM (born 1950) is a former South African military commander and politician. He was a member of uMkhonto we Sizwe and served as Chief of the South African National Defence Force from 1998 to 2005, Minister of Communications from 2009 to 2010 and was appointment as a board member of Denel in May 2018.

Military Merit Medal (South Africa)
The Military Merit Medal, post-nominal letters MMM, is a military decoration which was instituted in the Republic of South Africa on 9 October 1974 as the Chief of the Defence Force's Commendation Medal. It could be awarded to all ranks of the South African Defence Force for service of a high order.