hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osphantes
Osphantes is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. It consists of only one species, Osphantes ogowena, the lobed skipper, which is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. The habitat consists of wetter forests.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
English Encyclopaedia
The English Encyclopaedia was an encyclopedia printed in London for George Kearsley in 1802.

It was 10 volumes; Vol. I 820pp., Vol. II 871pp., Vol. III 810pp., Vol. IV 805pp., Vol. V 812pp., Vol. VI 801pp., Vol. VII 796pp., Vol.VIII 784pp., Vol. IX 804pp., Vol.X 1150pp. plus 16pp., description of plates & 2pp. book ads by Kearsley & also incl. supplement which commences at page 183.

Title page says "A collection of treatises and a dictionary of terms covering the arts & sciences, illustrated with upwards of 400 copperplates. Compiled from modern authors of the first eminence in the different branches of science."

This encyclopedia would form the basis of Kearsley's later work Pantologia which he began compiling in 1802.

Pantologia
Pantologia is an English encyclopedia, published in 12 volumes, 8vo in 1813, with 370 plates (some coloured). Its full title page was A New Cyclopedia, comprehending a complete series of Essays, Treatises and Systems, alphabetically arranged, with a general dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Words: the whole representing a distinct Survey of Human Genius, Learning and Industry, illustrated with elegant engravings; those on Natural History being from original drawings by Edwards and others, and beautifully coloured after nature ...
Vardhangad Fort
Vardhangad  Fort (Khatav T; 17° 40' N, 74° 15' E; RS. Koregaon, 9 m. W; p. 1,686) lies on the Bhadle-Kundla spur of the Mahadev range at a point of it on the boundary between the Koregaon and Khatav Talukas, seven miles north-east of Koregaon and nine miles north-east of Satara.

Satara (city)
Satara (pronunciationⓘ) (ISO: Sātārā) is a city located in the Satara District of Maharashtra state of India, near the confluence of the river Krishna and its tributary, the Venna. The city was established in the 16th century and was the seat of the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, Shahu I.

It is the headquarters of Satara Tehsil, as well as the Satara District. The city gets its name from the seven forts (Sat-Tara) which are around the city. The city is known as a Soldier's city as well as Pensioner's city. The city had a population of 179,147 in 2011.
James Collins Hawker
James Collins Hawker (1821-1901) was an English-born explorer, surveyor, diarist and pastoralist of South Australia, aide-de-camp to Governor George Gawler, and subsequently Comptroller of H.M. Customs at Port Adelaide.

Port Adelaide
Port Adelaide is a port-side region of Adelaide, approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of the Adelaide CBD. It is also the namesake of the City of Port Adelaide Enfield council, a suburb, a federal and state electoral division and is the main port for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of Adelaide and South Australia, with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world. Its Kaurna name, although not officially adopted as a dual name, is Yertabulti.
Tony Windo
Tony Windo (born 30 April 1969 in Gloucester, England) is an English former professional rugby union footballer and current coach. He started his playing career at Gloucester before moving to Worcester Warriors in 1999, staying there until his retirement in 2008. Windo was called up to the 1998 England rugby union tour of Australasia and South Africa which became known later as the 'Tour of Hell', however he was ultimately not capped at that level.

Since retiring from playing, he has held coaching positions at several clubs and schools including Worcester Warriors, Gloucester, Stourbridge and Bromsgrove School.

Worcester Warriors
Worcester Warriors is a professional rugby union club based in Worcester, England. The side most recently played in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union, before being suspended by the RFU in September 2022 due to financial insolvency. Following a period of administration, the club was reformed as a new entity and will play in Champ Rugby from the 2025–26 season.
Lloyd Sluman
Lloyd Sluman (born 13 February 1952) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played for Cornwall County Cricket and Berkshire. He was born in Helston, Cornwall.

Sluman, who represented Berkshire in the Minor Counties Championship between 1984 and 1986, made a single List A appearance for the team, in the 1985 NatWest Trophy, against Hampshire. From the tailend, Sluman scored 12 not out, and took the wicket of South African-born England Test cricketer Robin Smith.

Since 2007, Sluman has played for Cornwall in the Over-50s County Championship.

Robin Smith (cricketer)
Robin Arnold Smith (13 September 1963 – 1 December 2025) was a South African-born English cricketer. He was a part of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1992 Cricket World Cup.

Smith was nicknamed Judge or Judgie for his resemblance to a judge when he grew his hair long. Like his older brother Chris, he was unable to play for the country of his birth because of the exclusion of the apartheid regime from international cricket, but because he had British parents he qualified to play for England.

He played for England in eleven home test series and on six overseas tours from 1988 to 1996. Smith was best known for his ability against fast bowling, with what was regarded as a trademark square-cut that he hit ferociously. He trained to be a psychologist.
Subject side parameter
The subject-side parameter, also called the specifier–head parameter, is a proposed parameter within generative linguistics which states that the position of the subject may precede or follow the head. In the world's languages, Specifier-first order (i.e., subject-initial order) is more common than Specifier-final order (i.e., subject-final order). For example, in the World Atlas of Linguistic Structures (WALS), 76% of the languages in their sample Specifier-first (either SOV or SVO). In this respect, the subject-side parameter contrasts with the head-directionality parameter. The latter, which classifies languages according to whether the head precedes or follows its complement, shows a roughly 50-50 split: in languages that have a fixed word order, about half have a Head-Complement order, and half have a Complement-Head order.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Christian Friedrich (baseball)
Christian Louis Patrick Friedrich (born July 8, 1987) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Colorado Rockies in 2012 and also played with the San Diego Padres. Friedrich also pitched in the KBO League for the NC Dinos.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres
The men's 100 metres sprint event at the 1984 Olympic Games took place between August 3 and August 4. Eighty-two athletes from 59 countries participated. Each nation was limited to 3 athletes per rules in force since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Carl Lewis of the United States, that nation's first title after two Games of missing the podium (4th in 1976, boycotted in 1980). Canada's Ben Johnson took bronze to break up the Americans' bid to sweep the podium (which they had done in 1904 and 1912); it was Canada's first medal in the event since 1964.

Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)
Benjamin Sinclair Johnson, CM OOnt (born December 30, 1961) is a Canadian former sprinter. During the 1987–88 season he held the title of the world's fastest man, breaking both the 100 m and the 60 m indoor World Records. He won the 100 metres at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics; and at the 1988 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified for doping and stripped of the gold medals. He was the first to beat the 9.9 and 9.8 seconds barrier.

He won two bronze medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics, as well as gold medals at the 1985 World Indoor Championships, 1986 Goodwill Games and 1986 Commonwealth Games. He was trained by Charlie Francis.
2011–12 Scottish Youth Cup
The 2011–12 Scottish Youth Cup was the 29th season of the Scottish Youth Cup, Scotland's national cup tournament at under-19 age level. The competition is administered by the Scottish Football Association and is open to all Senior clubs.

Celtic won the tournament for a third successive season after defeating Queen of the South by a record 8–0 margin in the final.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Mansaf
Mansaf (Arabic: منسف /‍ˈ‍man‍.‍saf‍‍‍/) is a traditional Jordanian dish made of lamb, cooked in a sauce of fermented dried yogurt and served with rice or bulgur.

It is a popular dish eaten throughout the Levant. It is considered the national dish of Jordan, and can also be found in Palestine, Kuwait, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. The name of the dish comes from the term "large tray" or "large dish", and is speculated to have biblical, ancient roots. The dish evolved greatly between the 1940s and late 1980s, undergoing changes in the recipe as well as in the preparation process.

Kashk
Kashk, kishk, (Persian: کشک Kašk, Turkish: keş), (Sorani Kurdish: کەشک) qurut, qurt, kurut, kurt, qqet, jameed, shilanch (Tuvan and Kyrgyz: курут, Kazakh: құрт, Turkish: kurut, Turkmen: gurt, Uzbek: qurut, Tajik: қурут, Persian: قروت), chortan (Armenian: չորթան chort’an), aaruul or khuruud (Mongolian: ааруул or хурууд) is a range of dairy products popular in Iranian cuisine, Caucasian cuisine, and Central Asian cuisine. Kashk is made from strained yogurt, drained buttermilk (in particular, drained qatiq) or drained sour milk by shaping it and letting it dry. It can be made in a variety of forms: rolled into balls, sliced into strips, and formed into chunks.

There are three main kinds of food products with this name: foods based on curdled milk products like yogurt or cheese; foods based on barley broth, bread, or flour; and foods based on cereals combined with curdled milk.
Piccadilly Market
51°30′31.64″N 0°8′13.33″W﻿ / ﻿51.5087889°N 0.1370361°W﻿ / 51.5087889; -0.1370361

Piccadilly Market at St James's Church Piccadilly is now a five-day-a-week lunchtime food market in the St James's district of the City of Westminster. Occupying the courtyard on the North side of St James's Church, Piccadilly. It is close to Piccadilly Circus, Fortnum & Mason and The Ritz London Hotel.

St James's Church, Piccadilly
St James's Church, Piccadilly, also known as St James's Church, Westminster, and St James-in-the-Fields, is an Anglican church on Piccadilly in the centre of London, England. The church was designed and built by Sir Christopher Wren.

The church is built of red brick with Portland stone dressings. Its interior has galleries on three sides supported by square pillars and the nave has a barrel vault supported by Corinthian columns. The carved marble font and limewood reredos are both notable examples of the work of Grinling Gibbons. In 1902, an outside pulpit was erected on the north wall of the church. It was designed by Temple Moore and carved by Laurence Arthur Turner. It was damaged in 1940, but restored at the same time as the rest of the fabric.
Indonesian 100,000 rupiah note
The Indonesian one hundred thousand rupiah banknote (Rp100,000) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. Being the highest and second-newest denomination of the rupiah (after the Rp2,000 note), it was first introduced on 1 November 1999, as a polymer banknote before switching to cotton paper in 2004; all notes have been printed using the latter ever since.

Indonesian 2,000 rupiah note
The Indonesian two thousand rupiah banknote (Rp2,000) is a denomination of the Indonesian rupiah. First introduced on 9 July 2009, it was made legal tender the following day and has since been modified two times, first in 2016 and then in 2022. All notes of this denomination are printed in cotton paper since its introduction.
Jaki Byard with Strings!
Jaki Byard with Strings! is an album by pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1968 and released on the Prestige label. It is a sextet recording, with George Benson (guitar), Ray Nance (violin and vocals), Ron Carter (cello), Richard Davis (double bass), and Alan Dawson (drums and vibraphone).

Ron Carter
Ronald Levin Carter (born May 4, 1937) is an American jazz double bassist. His appearances on 2,221 recording sessions make him the most-recorded jazz bassist in history. He has won three Grammy Awards, and is also a cellist who has recorded numerous times on the instrument. In addition to a solo career of more than 60 years, Carter is well-known for playing on numerous iconic Blue Note albums in the 1960s, as well as being the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "Second Great Quintet" from 1963-1968.

Beginning with Where? in 1961, Carter's studio albums as leader also include Uptown Conversation (1969), Blues Farm (1973), All Blues (1973), Spanish Blue (1974), Anything Goes (1975), Yellow & Green (1976), Pastels (1976), Piccolo (1977), Third Plane (1977), Peg Leg (1978), A Song for You (1978), Etudes (1982), The Golden Striker (2003), Dear Miles (2006), and Ron Carter's Great Big Band (2011).
Gabrantovices
The Gabrantovices were a conjectural group of Ancient Britons inhabiting the coast of what is now Yorkshire in Northern England. They may have been a sub-tribe or sept of the Brigantes or of the Parisi.

As with their proposed neighbours, the Lopocares, the Gabrantovices are not directly attested: the name is taken from Ptolemy's name Γαβραντουικων Ευλιμενος Κολπος, or in Latin Gabrantvicvm Sinus — the Gabrantovician Harbour. This is identified with modern Bridlington Bay or Filey Bay. The meaning of the name has been discussed as deriving from one of two Celtic roots, either *gabro- meaning a goat (Welsh gafr) or *gabranto- meaning "riding a horse" with second element meaning "fight", so "Goat warriors" or "Cavalry warriors".

Lopocares
The Lopocares were a conjectural group of Ancient Britons inhabiting the area around Corbridge in Northumberland, Northeast England. They may have been a sub-tribe or sept of the Brigantes.

The Lopocares are not directly attested in any records: the name is reconstructed from the name of Corbridge as given in the Ravenna Cosmography, Corielopocarium, but this appears in another Roman source — the Antonine Itinerary — in a different form as Corstopitium. The "corie-" element is interpreted either as a Celtic word *korio-, army or host or as the Latin curia, but the meaning of the name Lopocares itself is unknown.
Aghu Tharrnggala language
Aghu Tharrnggala is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. Like several languages in the area, it is often referred to as Gogo Mini (Kuku-Mini) 'good speech'. Some sources treat Ikarranggali, and Alngula (Alungul) as synonyms. However, they are distinct languages.

Aghu Tharrnggala is demonstrably related to Kuku-Thaypan and Rarmul. The two may also have been related to Takalak, although there is insufficient information for this to be certain.

Ikarranggal language
The Ikarranggal language, or Ogh Ikarranggal (Ikaranggal, Ikarranggali), is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. Like several languages in the area, it is often referred to as Gogo Mini (Kuku-Mini) 'good speech'.
Patricia Misslin
Patricia Misslin (May 6, 1940 – December 8, 2021) was an American voice teacher and soprano. She taught voice on the faculties of several American institutions, including the Crane School of Music at the State University of New York at Potsdam, the Manhattan School of Music, and the New England Conservatory. Several of her pupils had prominent careers in the field of opera, including Renée Fleming, Margaret Lattimore, Stephanie Blythe, and Alexandra Deshorties.

Manhattan School of Music
The Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory in New York City. The school offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in the areas of classical performance, jazz performance, contemporary performance, composition, and conducting, as well as a bachelor's in musical theatre.

Founded in 1917, the school is located on Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Broadway and West 122nd Street (Seminary Row). The MSM campus was originally the home to The Institute of Musical Art (which later became Juilliard) until Juilliard moved to the Lincoln Center area of Midtown Manhattan. The property was originally owned by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum until The Institute of Musical Art purchased it in 1910. Many of the students live in the school's residence hall, Andersen Hall. The school is located close to Columbia University.
Zinnia
Zinnia is a genus of plants of the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are notable for their solitary long-stemmed 12 petal flowers that come in a variety of bright colors. The name honors 18th-century German scientist Johann Gottfried Zinn.

The genus is native to scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the Southwestern United States to South America, with a centre of diversity in Mexico.

Zinnia acerosa
Zinnia acerosa is a low-growing perennial flowering plant native to the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Common names include desert zinnia, wild zinnia, white zinnia, and spinyleaf zinnia.  It is a popular landscape plant in the southwest due to its low water use and long bloom period.  The flowers also serve as a food source for southwestern butterflies.

In the United States, Zinnia acerosa grows in  Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas. In Mexico, it has been found in Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí.

Zinnia acerosa is a small, branching subshrub up to 16 cm (6.4 inches) tall. Leaves are very narrow, sometimes needle-shaped, up to 2 cm (0.8 inches) long. The plant produces flower head one per stem, each head with 4-7 yellow or white ray florets surrounding 8-13 yellow or purple disc florets.
Alice Clarke
Alice Clarke (born 4 August 2001) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Lancashire . She plays as a left-handed batter and can also play as a wicket-keeper. She has previously played for Cumbria, North Representative XI and North West Thunder.

North Representative XI
The North Representative XI were a women's cricket team made up of players from across Northern England. They were formed in 2021 to take part in the Women's Twenty20 Cup, becoming the sixth team in the North Group to give the group an even number of teams: they finished 3rd, with 3 wins. They continued to compete in the 2022 Women's Twenty20 Cup, finishing sixth in their group of seven, but were removed from the competition ahead of the 2023 Women's Twenty20 Cup. Their squad included players from Lancashire, Cheshire, Cumbria, North East Warriors and Yorkshire, and they therefore had links with the regional sides North West Thunder and Northern Diamonds.
Past and Present (film)
Past and Present (Portuguese: O Passado e o Presente) is a 1972 Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. The film is considered part of the director's Tetralogy of Frustrated Love, with Benilde, Doomed Love and Francisca.

Amor de Perdição (1978 film)
Amor de Perdição (Lit. Love of Perdition) is a 1978 Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. Amor de Perdição is conceived as a succession of "live images" shot with a camera, in still shots, mostly in studio décor, with few outside views.  The image composition is quite careful, in keeping with such deliberate artificialism, sometimes with expressionistic traits.
What Happens Next? (film)
What Happens Next? is a documentary film about the Canadian singer-songwriter, Dan Mangan. It explores Mangan's ideas on fate and destiny as he's about to perform in his biggest performance to date, a sold out show at the Vancouver, British Columbia Orpheum. It premiered on CBC Television on August 25, 2012. The film was directed and produced by Brent Hodge and Jon Siddall. It was nominated for a Leo Award in 2013.

Leo Awards
The Leo Awards are the awards program for the British Columbia film and television industry. Held each May or June in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the Leo Awards were founded by the Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Foundation of British Columbia in 1999. Awards categories include but are not exclusive to live action, animated, adult dramatic, children's, documentary film, documentary television, feature films, short films.