hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Bismarck, North Dakota
Bismarck is the capital of the state of North Dakota, the county seat of Burleigh County, and the second most populous city in North Dakota after Fargo. The city was formed in 1872 as "Edwinton" after Edwin Ferry Johnson, a chief engineer for the Northern Pacific Railway company, when the railroad reached the eastern banks of the Missouri River. The name was changed less than one year later, honoring German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, in an effort to attract German immigrants. The discovery of gold in the nearby Black Hills in 1874 was the first real impetus for growth. In 1883, Bismarck became the capital of the Dakota Territory and, in 1889, of the state of North Dakota.

Burleigh County, North Dakota
Burleigh County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 98,458, and was estimated to be 103,107 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in North Dakota. Its county seat and largest city is Bismarck, the state capital and second-largest city in North Dakota. The county was named for Dakota Territory political figure Walter A. Burleigh.

Burleigh County is included in the Bismarck metropolitan area.
Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal
Margaret of Savoy (28 April 1589 – 26 June 1655) was the last Habsburg Vicereine of Portugal from 1634 to 1640. In Portuguese she is known as Duquesa de Mântua, being by marriage the Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat. She was also regent of Montferrat during the minority of her daughter from 1612.

Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers
Charles II Gonzaga (22 October 1609 – 30 August 1631) was the son of Charles I, Duke of Mantua, and Catherine de Lorraine-Guise (also known as Catherine de Mayenne). He was the Duke of Nevers and Rethel, together with his father.
Marissa Ribisi
Marissa Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American actress. She has appeared in the films Dazed and Confused (1993), The Brady Bunch Movie (1995), Pleasantville (1998), True Crime (1999), and Don's Plum (2001) and television shows such as Felicity, Friends, Grace Under Fire, Watching Ellie, and Tales of the City. She is the twin sister of actor Giovanni Ribisi.

True Crime (1999 film)
True Crime is a 1999 American mystery thriller film directed by Clint Eastwood, based on Andrew Klavan's 1995 novel of the same name. Eastwood also stars as a journalist covering the execution of a death row inmate, only to discover that the convict may actually be innocent.

The film was released by Warner Bros. on March 19, 1999, grossing $16.6 million against its $55 million production budget.
Jonathan Rashleigh (1591–1675)
Jonathan I Rashleigh (4 July 1591 – 1 May 1675), of Menabilly, near Fowey in Cornwall, was an English shipping-merchant, Member of Parliament for Fowey in 1614, 1621, 1625, April 1640 and November 1640,  and 1661 and served as Sheriff of Cornwall in 1627. He supported the Royalist cause during the Civil War.

Fowey (UK Parliament constituency)
Fowey was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1571 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Jon Gray
Jonathan Charles Gray (born November 5, 1991) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies and Texas Rangers.

Gray played college baseball for Eastern Oklahoma State College and the University of Oklahoma. The Rockies chose Gray with the third pick in the 2013 MLB draft, and he made his MLB debut in 2015. After pitching for the Rockies through the 2021 season, Gray signed with the Rangers as a free agent before the 2022 season.

Eastern Oklahoma State College
Eastern Oklahoma State College is a public community college in Wilburton, Oklahoma. It is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. The school has a branch campus in McAlester and teaching sites in Antlers (Kiamichi Technology Center) and Idabel. The enrollment in fall 2023 was 1,292.
Patrick Winkler
Patrick Winkler (born 2 April 1973) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a defender. He competed primarily in the Swiss Super League with FC St. Gallen and FC Wil 1900, and also spent a season at SR Delémont.

SR Delémont
Sport-Réunis de Delémont (shortened to SR Delémont) is a Swiss football club based in Delémont and founded in 1909. The team currently play in 1st League Classic from 2025–26, the fourth tier of Swiss football after relegation from Promotion League in 2024–25. It played in the Swiss Super League in the 2000–01 and 2002–03 seasons.
Kaabil
Kaabil (transl. Capable) is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language action-thriller film directed by Sanjay Gupta, written by Vijay Kumar Mishra, and produced by Rakesh Roshan under his banner FilmKraft Productions. The film stars Hrithik Roshan, Yami Gautam, Ronit Roy and Rohit Roy. The film’s soundtrack is composed by Rajesh Roshan. Principal photography began on 30 March 2016.

The film follows a blind dubbing artist who becomes disillusioned when his wife faces injustice and dies. He becomes a vigilante and decides to seek revenge against those responsible for his wife's death, while also dodging police with a cover that no one would believe a blind man can kill someone. Kaabil was released theatrically on 25 January 2017, and received mixed reviews from critics. Roshan was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his performance at the 63rd Filmfare Awards.

Rajesh Roshan
Rajesh Roshanlal Nagrath (born 24 May 1953) is an Indian music director and composer.

In 2025, Netflix released a four-part documentary series titled The Roshans. The series traces the artistic lineage from composer Roshan to his sons Rakesh Roshan and Rajesh Roshan, and to actor Hrithik Roshan, reflecting on how the family’s creative output helped shape mainstream Bollywood music and cinema.
Ngwathe Local Municipality
Ngwathe Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Ngwathe; Afrikaans: Ngwathe Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality within the Fezile Dabi District Municipality, in the Free State province of South Africa. Ngwathe is the Sesotho name for the Renoster River.

Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.
Viswasapoorvam Mansoor
Viswasapoorvam Mansoor is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language film written and directed by P. T. Kunju Muhammed. It stars Roshan Mathew, Prayaga Martin, Asha Sarath, and Zarina Wahab. The film was released in Kerala on 24 June 2017.

Zarina Wahab
Zarina Wahab is an Indian actress who predominantly worked in Hindi and Malayalam films. Known for critically acclaimed roles in Chitchor and Gopal Krishna  in Hindi cinema and Malayalam films like Madanolsavam, Chamaram, Palangal and Adaminte Makan Abu.
Laxman Rajbanshi
Laxman Rajbanshi was the founding principal of the Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute and a member of the Nepalese parliament. He had also authored many books in Nepali as well as Nepal Bhasa. Some of his works in Nepal Bhasa to be translated into English include Red Sun and other stories, Uncertain Future and other stories, etc. Beyond his political and literary work, Rajbanshi also contributed his linguistic expertise to academic and medical fields, notably assisting in the translation of the DN4 neuropathic pain questionnaire into Nepali for a validation study conducted at a teaching hospital in Kathmandu.

Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute
Siddhartha Vanasthali Institute (SVI) is an academic institution in Balaju, Kathmandu, Nepal. It runs from primary school level to secondary high school up to university level courses. It was founded by Bhuwan Lal Joshi and Vijaynandan Joshi in 1951.
.32-20 Winchester
The .32-20 Winchester / 7.94x33mmR, also known as  .32 WCF (Winchester center fire), was the first small-game lever-action intermediate cartridge that
Winchester produced. It was initially introduced as a black-powder cartridge in 1882 for small-game, varmint hunting, and deer. Colt produced a single-action revolver chambered for this cartridge a few years later.

The name .32-20 refers to the 32 caliber bullet of .312-inch-diameter (7.9 mm) and standard black-powder charge of 20 grains (1.3 g).

Winchester Repeating Arms Company
The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was a prominent American manufacturer of repeating firearms and ammunition. The firm was established in 1866 by Oliver Winchester and was located in New Haven, Connecticut. The firm went into receivership in 1931 and was bought by the Western Cartridge Company, a forerunner of the Olin Corporation. The Winchester brand name is still owned by the Olin Corporation, which makes ammunition under that name. The Winchester name is also used under license for firearms produced by two subsidiaries of the Herstal Group – FN Herstal of Belgium and the Browning Arms Company of Ogden, Utah.
Supermarine Type 224
The Supermarine Type 224 was a British gull-wing monoplane fighter aircraft designed by R.J. Mitchell at Supermarine in response to Air Ministry Specification F.7/30, which sought to introduce a new fighter to succeed the Gloster Gauntlet. The Type 224 was powered by a Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine, which used an experimental evaporative cooling system.

Problems with the cooling system, combined with its disappointing performance during trials, led to the Type 224 being rejected by the Air Ministry, a contract for production aircraft eventually going to the Gloster Gladiator. The type is nevertheless notable because Mitchell learnt lessons from its design that were to contribute to his success with the Supermarine Spitfire.

Hawker P.V.3
The Hawker P.V.3 was a British single-engined biplane fighter prototype of the 1930s. Only a single example was built, the Gloster Gladiator being selected instead to fulfill the requirement to which it was designed.
Claude-Hélène Perrot
Claude-Hélène Perrot (13 September 1928 – 16 July  2019) was a French historian and Africanist who specialized in the history of Côte d'Ivoire. She served as a professor of contemporary African history at the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University from 1983 to 1993. Perrot's main areas of research concerned the history of the Akan of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana before colonization, mainly the Anyi and the Eotile; the use of oral tradition by historians; as well as relations between traditional African religions and political power. She was honored as  Commander, Order of Ivory Merit.

Akan people
The Akan (/ˈækæn/) people are a Kwa group living primarily in Ghana and parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Congo family. Subgroups of the Akan people include: the Adanse, Agona, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Asante, Baoulé, Bono, Chakosi, Fante, Kwahu, Sefwi, Wassa, Ahanta, Denkyira and Nzema, among others. The Akan subgroups all have cultural attributes in common; most notably the tracing of royal matrilineal descent in the inheritance of property, and for succession to high political office. All Akans are considered royals in status, but not all are in royal succession or hold titles.
TJ Slavia Louňovice
TJ Slavia Louňovice is a football club located in the village of Louňovice near Prague, Czech Republic. The club was founded in 1927. It currently plays in the lower leagues of competition. It played the 2014–15 season in the Bohemian Football League, which is in the third tier of the Czech football system.

Louňovice reached the third-tier Bohemian Football League for the first time in their history in 2014, after beating FK Slavoj Vyšehrad to the Divize B title in the 2013–14 Czech Fourth Division.

Bohemian Football League
3rd Bohemian Football League (Czech: 3. Česká fotbalová liga; ČFL) is one of the third level football leagues of the Czech Republic (the other is the Moravian-Silesian Football League). The league comprises teams from the historic Bohemia region.
Jenn Morel
Jenn Morel is a Dominican-American rapper, singer and songwriter. She was born in the Dominican Republic. Her debut single, "Ponteme," peaked at number 3 on the Italian charts. In 2018, she signed with UMLE. She has released tracks on labels such as Insomniac Records.

Universal Music Latin Entertainment
Universal Music Latin Entertainment (UMLE), also known as Universal Música, is the Latin music division of Universal Music Group (UMG), founded in 2008. Headquartered in Los Angeles, with offices in Miami, it oversees the marketing and distribution of Latin music in the US (including Puerto Rico) and Mexico.

UMLE includes labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music México, Capitol Latin, Machete Music, and Disa Records. The division was formed after UMG acquired Univision Music Group and merged it with its roster of Latin artists and catalog.
Mansfield State Historic Site
The Mansfield State Historic Site, also known as the Mansfield Battlefield, is a battlefield in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana. The Louisiana state historic site commemorates the Battle of Mansfield fought on Friday, April 8, 1864, during the Red River Campaign of the American Civil War. The site was listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Mansfield Battle Park in 1973. Established in 1924 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the site was transferred to the state of Louisiana in 1954.

Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.

The Confederate commander, Major-General Dick Taylor, chose Mansfield as the place where he would make his stand against the advancing Union army under General Nathaniel Banks. Taylor concentrated his forces at Sabine Crossroads, knowing that reinforcements were nearby. Banks prepared for a fight, though his own army was not fully assembled either. Both sides were reinforced by stages throughout the day.

After a brief resistance, the Union army was routed by the Confederates, consisting mainly of units from Louisiana and Texas, reportedly strengthened by hundreds of men breaking parole. The Battle of Mansfield was followed immediately by the Battle of Pleasant Hill.
King's Ransom (film)
King's Ransom is a 2005 American black comedy film directed by Jeffrey W. Byrd and written by Wayne Conley. It stars Anthony Anderson, Jay Mohr, Kellita Smith, Regina Hall, Donald Faison, Nicole Ari Parker, Charlie Murphy, Loretta Devine, Brooke D'Orsay, and Leila Arcieri. The film was released in the United States on April 22, 2005, and was a critical and commercial bomb.

Donald Faison
Donald Adeosun Faison (/ˈfeɪzɒn/; born June 22, 1974) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his leading role as Dr. Chris Turk in the ABC/NBC comedy-drama Scrubs (2001–2010; 2026), and a supporting role as Murray in both the film Clueless (1995) and the subsequent television series of the same name. He also starred as Phil Chase in the TV Land sitcom The Exes (2011–2015). Faison has also co-starred in the films Waiting to Exhale (1995), Remember the Titans (2000), Uptown Girls (2003), Something New (2006), Next Day Air (2009), Skyline (2010), and Kick-Ass 2 (2013).
Alicia Zendejas
Alicia de la Peña, also known as Alicia Zendejas or Alicia Reyes (October 4, 1928 – April 22, 2016) was a Mexican writer, literary critic, essayist, poet and cultural manager. Co-creator, responsible and jury of the Xavier Villaurrutia Award and the Alfonso Reyes International Prize, among other work disseminating the culture of her country.

Xavier Villaurrutia Award
The Xavier Villaurrutia Award (Premio Xavier Villaurrutia) is a prestigious literary prize given in Mexico, to a Latin American writer published in Mexico. Founded in 1955, it was named in memory of Xavier Villaurrutia.

Its jury is composed of previously awarded writers. Sometimes, it is not awarded for a specific work, but for an individual's body of work.

Multiple awards have been given in some years, specially between 1972 and 1992. No award was made in 1968, when it was suspended in protest for the imprisonment of José Revueltas, who had won the award in 1967. It wasn't given in 1969 since Elena Poniatowska rejected the award in protest for the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.
Recognition (family law)
In family law, recognition is the process in some jurisdictions whereby a man is recognised as the father of a child in situations of no presumption of paternity, generally because the mother is unwed. Historically, the Roman law principle of mater semper certa est (the mother is always certain) causes the action was not available to mothers, but the introduction of in-vitro fertilisation has changed that to change. Recognition is an act that confers legitimacy on the child.

Paternity fraud
Paternity fraud is one form of misattributed paternity or paternal discrepancy. Specifically, paternity fraud is the intentional misidentification of a child's biological father. Paternity fraud is distinct from other, unintentional misattribution, which may arise from simple error, an accident such as a mix-up during fertility treatment, or a sexual assault.
1995 Australian Open (snooker)
The 1995 Australian Open was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 17 and 19 September 1995 at the Bentleigh Club in Melbourne, Australia. The tournament featured many of the same players that participated in the 1995 Australian Masters several days earlier.

Anthony Hamilton won the tournament by defeating Chris Small 9–7 in the final.

1995 Australian Masters
The 1995 Australian Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 14 and 16 September 1995 at the Bentleigh Club in Melbourne, Australia.

Anthony Hamilton won the tournament by defeating Chris Small 8–6 in the final.
San Pietro alla Carità
Chiesa di San Pietro alla Carità ("Church of Saint Peter to the Charity" in English) is a Romanesque architecture Catholic Church of Tivoli, Lazio. The church is one of the oldest in Tivoli and its present appearance is due to 12th-century rebuilding and restoration in 1951 following the bombing suffered during World War II. Inside is a cosmatesque floor.

Cosmatesque
Cosmatesque, or Cosmati, is a style of geometric decorative inlay stonework typical of the architecture of Medieval Italy, and especially of Rome and its surroundings. It was used most extensively for the decoration of church floors, but was also used to decorate church walls, pulpits, and bishop's thrones. The name derives from the Cosmati, the leading family workshop of craftsmen in Rome who created such geometrical marble decorations.

The style spread across Europe, where it was used in the most prestigious churches; the high altar of Westminster Abbey, for example, is decorated with a Cosmatesque marble floor.
Ajay Arjun Singh
Ajay Singh, also known as Rahul Bhaiya, is an Indian politician from the state of Madhya Pradesh. He is MLA representing Churhat Assembly constituency.

He previously served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has been elected six times from the Churhat Vidhan Sabha constituency. He also held ministerial positions in Madhya Pradesh under Digvijaya Singh's administration.

Singh's familial background includes being the son of Arjun Singh, a prominent figure in the Congress party who served as Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and as a Union Minister of Human Resource Development.

Digvijaya Singh
Digvijaya Singh (born 28 February 1947) is an Indian politician and a  Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since 2014. He is a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and ex-general secretary of the Indian National Congress's All India Congress Committee. Previously, he had served as the 14th and 15th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state, in two terms from 1993 to 1998 and from 1998 to 2003. Prior to that he was a minister in Chief Minister Arjun Singh's cabinet between 1980 and 1984. In the 2019 Indian general election he was defeated by Pragya Singh Thakur for the Bhopal Lok Sabha seat.

Singh was appointed as a member of Empowered Action Group of Leaders and Experts (EAGLE) which was constituted by Indian National Congress on 2 February 2025 to monitor the conduct of free and fair elections by the Election Commission of India.
Farhad Kazemi (academic)
Farhad Kazemi is an Iranian-American political scientist and professor emeritus of Politics and Middle Eastern Studies at New York University (NYU). He is known for his research on political development, urbanization, civil society, and gender in the Islamic Republic of Iran. He has published on Iran and broader Middle Eastern political issues, and has held academic and administrative positions during his four-decade career. He is also the former president of Middle East Studies Association and Association for Iranian Studies.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.
Pontypool Park
Pontypool Park (Welsh: Parc Pont-y-pŵl) is a 150-acre (0.61 km2) park in Pontypool, Torfaen, Wales. The park was formerly the grounds of Pontypool House and was laid out in the closing years of the 17th century for John Hanbury, an ironmaster, who is closely associated with Japanware. The grounds were purchased by the local authority in 1920, while the estate house was leased, and later sold, to the Sisters of the Holy Ghost to become St. Alban's RC High School. The former stables now house the Torfaen Museum. The grounds contain a number of structures including a double ice house, the Folly Tower and the Shell Grotto. The park is entered through the Pontymoile Gates. The gates, the grotto and the stables are all Grade II* listed structures, while the former hall and the ice house are listed Grade II. The park itself is designated at Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales is a heritage register of significant historic parks and gardens in Wales. It is maintained by Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and was given statutory status in 2022.
Enz of an Era
Enz of an Era was a compilation by New Zealand rock band Split Enz. Released to mark the band's 10th anniversary, and composed of tracks selected by members of the band, the album was released in New Zealand and Australia only. The album was followed up by two "Enz Of An Era" 10th anniversary concerts in early 1983, where the then-current line-up of the band - Tim Finn, Neil Finn, Eddie Rayner, Noel Crombie and Nigel Griggs - were joined by former members Mike Chunn, Rob Gillies and Emlyn Crowther.

Eddie Rayner
Anthony Edward Charles Rayner (born 19 November 1952) is a New Zealand musician who spent ten years as a keyboardist in the band Split Enz. He has also played in the groups Orb, Space Waltz, Crowded House, the Makers, The Angels in 1986-1987 and 801.