hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rupture field
In abstract algebra, a rupture field of a polynomial  over a given field  is a field extension of  generated by a root  of .

For instance, if  and  then  is a rupture field for .

The notion is interesting mainly if  is irreducible over . In that case, all rupture fields of  over  are isomorphic, non-canonically, to : if  where  is a root of , then the ring homomorphism  defined by  for all  and  is an isomorphism.  Also, in this case the degree of the extension equals the degree of .

A rupture field of a polynomial does not necessarily contain all the roots of that polynomial: in the above example the field  does not contain the other two (complex) roots of  (namely  and  where  is a primitive cube root of unity). For a field containing all the roots of a polynomial, see Splitting field.

Field extension
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, a field extension is a pair of fields , such that the operations of K are those of L restricted to K. In this case, L is an extension field of K and K is a subfield of L. For example, under the usual notions of addition and multiplication, the complex numbers are an extension field of the real numbers; the real numbers are a subfield of the complex numbers.

Field extensions are fundamental in algebraic number theory, and in the study of polynomial roots through Galois theory, and are widely used in algebraic geometry.
Rock n Roll Consciousness
Rock n Roll Consciousness is the eleventh solo studio album by American rock musician Thurston Moore. The album was released on April 28, 2017 by Caroline International and Fiction Records. It was recorded in London at The Church Studios in 2016 and was produced by Paul Epworth.

The Church Studios
The Church Studios is a recording studio located in a former church in Crouch End, North London, England. It was rented and then owned by Dave Stewart in the 1980s and 1990s, and was used to record Eurythmics' second album Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) (1983). David Gray acquired it in 2004 before British record producer Paul Epworth bought and refurbished the studio in 2013. It has since been used by artists such as Adele, Beyoncé, Radiohead, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay and Madonna.
FC Zenit Academy
FC Zenit Academy, formerly DYuSSh Smena-Zenit (Russian: ДЮСШ "Смена-Зенит") and DYuSSh Smena, is a Russian youth football academy based in Saint Petersburg. It is the youth sector of FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, and is currently headed by Dutchman Henk van Stee.

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
Football Club Zenit (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Зенит», romanized: Futbolny klub "Zenit", pronounced [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklub zʲɪˈnʲit]), also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925 (or in 1914, according to some Russian sources), the club plays in the Russian Premier League. They won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23 and the 2023–24 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team plays its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. On 24 May 2023, Zenit became the first Russian sports club with 10 million followers on social media.
Scheibe Zugvogel
The Scheibe Zugvogel (English: Migratory bird) is a West German, high-wing, single-seat, FAI Open Class glider that was produced by Scheibe Flugzeugbau. The first version was designed by Rudolph Kaiser and subsequent versions by Egon Scheibe.

Glider competition classes
Competition classes in gliding, as in other sports, mainly exist to ensure fairness in competition.  However the classes have not been targeted at fostering technological development as in other sports.  Instead classes have arisen because of:

the popularity of certain types of glider

attempts to contain the cost of access to the sport

the need to establish a stable environment for investment decisions by both manufacturers and competitors.

The FAI Gliding Commission (IGC) is the sporting body overseeing air sports at the international level so that essentially the same classes and class definitions are followed in all countries.
GeoTrust
GeoTrust is a digital certificate provider. The GeoTrust brand was bought by Symantec from Verisign in 2010, but agreed to sell the certificate business (including GeoTrust) in August 2017 to private equity and growth capital firm Thoma Bravo LLC. GeoTrust was the first certificate authority to use the domain-validated certificate method which accounts for 70 percent of all SSL certificates on the Internet. By 2006, GeoTrust was the 2nd largest certificate authority in the world with 26.7 percent market share according to independent survey company Netcraft.

Certificate authority
In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that stores, signs, and issues digital certificates.  A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate.  This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key. A CA acts as a trusted third party—trusted both by the subject (owner) of the certificate and by the party relying upon the certificate. The format of these certificates is specified by the X.509 or EMV standard.

One particularly common use for certificate authorities is to sign certificates used in HTTPS, the secure browsing protocol for the World Wide Web. Another common use is in issuing identity cards by national governments for use in electronically signing documents.
Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God
Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God (Polish: Astronom Kopernik, czyli rozmowa z Bogiem) is a painting by the Polish artist Jan Matejko completed in 1873, in the collection of the Jagiellonian University, in Kraków. It depicts Nicolaus Copernicus observing the heavens from a balcony in a tower with the cathedral in Frombork in the background. The canvas was purchased from a private owner by public subscription in Poland and hangs in the aula (Great Hall) of the Collegium Novum of the university. Matejko produced the painting as part of a series of paintings intended to capture and represent key moments in the history of Poland to inspire the public.

Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Andrew, Frombork
Frombork Cathedral or the Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Andrew (Polish: Bazylika archikatedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny i św. Andrzeja we Fromborku) in Frombork, Poland, is a Roman Catholic church located in the small town of Frombork in northern Poland. Constructed between 1329 and 1388, it replaced an earlier building dating from 1288. It stands on Cathedral Hill on Cathedral Street (ul. Katedralna 8).

The basilica is on Poland's official national Historic Monuments List (Pomnik historii), designated on 16 September 1994. It comes under the National Heritage Board of Poland.
Heather McKay
Heather Pamela McKay (née Blundell) (born 31 July 1941) is an Australian retired squash player, who is considered by many to be the greatest female player in the history of the game. She dominated the women's squash game in the 1960s and 1970s, winning 16 consecutive British Open titles from 1962 to 1977, and capturing the inaugural women's World Open title in 1976, while remaining undefeated during that period. She was also a top-level player of other sports, including field hockey and racquetball.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.
Georg Wilhelm von dem Bussche
General of the Infantry Georg Wilhelm Baron von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (19 July 1726 – 11 December 1794) was a Hanoverian Army officer. Born in Minden, he joined the Hanoverian army in 1743 and served in the War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War, seeing action at the battles of Minden and Lutterberg. Bussche also commanded a Hanoverian battalion during the Great Siege of Gibraltar in the American Revolutionary War. During the War of the First Coalition, he fought at the battles of Valenciennes, Hondschoote, Mouscron, Tourcoing and Tournai. In 1794, while defending the Dutch town of Bommelerwaard from the French army, his hand was torn off by a cannonball and he died shortly afterward.

Siege of Valenciennes (1793)
The siege of Valenciennes took place between 13 June and 28 July 1793, during the Flanders campaign of the War of the First Coalition. The French garrison under Jean Henri Becays Ferrand was blockaded by part of the army of Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, commanded by the Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Valenciennes fell on 28 July, resulting in an Allied victory.
CMLL Universal Championship (2013)
The CMLL Universal Championship 2013 (Campeonato Universal in Spanish) was a professional wrestling tournament produced by the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) promotion, which took place over three shows between August 23 and September 6, 2013, in Arena México, Mexico City, Mexico. The CMLL Universal Championship is an annual tournament of CMLL champions that was first held in 2009.

Arena México
Arena México is an indoor arena in Mexico City, Mexico, located in the Colonia Doctores neighborhood in the Cuauhtémoc borough. The arena is primarily used for professional wrestling, shows promoted by the promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). The building is called the "cathedral of lucha libre". Arena México has a seating capacity of 16,500 when configured for professional wrestling or boxing events. The current building was completed in 1956, built by Salvador Lutteroth, owner of CMLL at the time and is the largest arena built specifically for wrestling. The building was used as the venue for the boxing competition at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and throughout the last half of the 20th century hosted several large boxing events. The arena also serves as the headquarters for CMLL.
Dobby (musician)
Rhyan Clapham, known by his stage name Dobby (stylised as DOBBY), is a Filipino-Aboriginal Australian musician. He describes himself as a "drapper", a contraction of rapper and drummer, although he also plays other instruments and is also a composer. Dobby  is also a workshop facilitator and speaker. In 2018, he spoke at Vivid Ideas at Sydney's Vivid festival, and in 2019 at the JLF Adelaide (Jaipur Literature Festival in Adelaide, South Australia). He is known for his 2024 album Warrangu: River Story, for which he won an ARIA Music Award.

Vivid Sydney
Vivid Sydney is an annual festival held in Sydney, Australia. It includes outdoor immersive light installations and projections, performances by local and international musicians, and an ideas exchange forum featuring public talks and debates with leading creative thinkers.

This event takes place over the course of three weeks in May and June. The centrepieces of Vivid Sydney are the light sculptures, multimedia interactive work and building projections that transform various buildings and landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge in and around the Sydney central business district into an outdoor night time canvas of art.

Past sites of interest include Central Park, Chatswood, and the University of Sydney as well as around the CBD, Darling Harbour and The Rocks.
Hibernia oil field
Hibernia is an oil field in the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately 315 kilometres (196 mi) east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, in 80 m of water.: 35–36

The production platform Hibernia is the world's largest oil platform (by mass) and consists of a 37,000 t (41,000 short tons) integrated topsides facility mounted on a 600,000 t (660,000 short tons) gravity base structure. The platform was towed to its final site, and 450,000 t (500,000 short tons) of solid ballast were added to secure it in place. Inside the gravity base structure are storage tanks for 1.3 million barrels (210,000 m3) of crude oil.

Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust.

Reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In conventional reservoirs, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as crude oil (petroleum) or natural gas, are trapped by overlying rock formations with lower permeability, while in unconventional reservoirs the rocks have high porosity and low permeability, which keeps the hydrocarbons trapped in place, therefore not requiring a cap rock. Reservoirs are found using hydrocarbon exploration methods.
Catherine Tucker
Catherine Tucker (born May 16, 1977) is the Sloan Distinguished Professor of Management at MIT Sloan, where she is also chair of the PhD program. She is known for her research into the consequences of digital data for electronic privacy, algorithmic bias, digital health, social media and online advertising. She is also a research associate at the NBER, cofounder of the Cryptoeconomics lab at MIT with Christian Catalini and coeditor at Quantitative Marketing Economics.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Liège Basket
Liège Basket was a Belgian professional basketball club from Liège. The club competed in the BNXT League. Founded in 1967, the team played at 5,600 seat Country Hall Ethias Liège.

The club was one of the traditional clubs in Belgian basketball, having played in the top flight division since 2001 for a period of 24 years. Liège Basket's accolades include one Belgian Cup (in 2004) and two Belgian Supercups (in 2004 and 2009). The team was disestablished in 2024 after its main investor left the team, leaving insufficient funds to continue the club.

Belgian Basketball Cup
The Belgian Basketball Cup (Beker van België / Coupe de Belgique), for sponsorship reasons the Lotto Basketball Cup, is the top tier national basketball cup competition in Belgium. The tournament is played in a knock-out format, in which teams are drawn against each other. Oostende is the most successful club in the competition's history, as it won 19 titles. Antwerp Giants are the last team to have won the Cup, having won the 2025 edition.
Francisco Trincão
Francisco António Machado Mota de Castro Trincão (European Portuguese: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku tɾĩˈkɐ̃w̃]; born 29 December 1999) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Primeira Liga club Sporting CP and the Portugal national team.

He started his career with Braga B, making his debut with the first team in 2018 and winning the 2019–20 Taça da Liga in his second season with the club. In January 2020, he signed with Barcelona for a reported €31 million fee, with the deal made effective in July. He then spent two years on loan, at Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sporting CP, joining the latter permanently in April 2023.

Trincão represented Portugal at various youth levels, being part of the under-19 team that won the 2018 European Championship where he was crowned top scorer. He made his senior international debut in 2020.

2019–20 Taça da Liga
The 2019–20 Taça da Liga was the thirteenth edition of the Taça da Liga (also known as Allianz Cup for sponsorship reasons), a football league cup competition organised by the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and contested exclusively by clubs competing in the top two professional tiers of Portuguese football – the Primeira Liga and the LigaPro. It began on 27 July 2019 and concluded with the final in Braga on 25 January 2020, between Braga and Porto.

Sporting CP, who had won the previous two titles, were eliminated by Braga in the semi-finals. In a rematch of the 2013 final, Braga defeated Porto 1–0 to earn its second title. Porto lost their fourth consecutive league cup final, after appearances in the 2010, 2013, and 2019 finals.
Law of Iraq
The Iraq's legal system is in a period of transition in light of the U.S.-led invasion in 2003 that led to the fall of the Ba'ath Party. Iraq does have a written constitution, which was enacted in 2005, as well as a civil, criminal and personal status law. In September 2008, the Iraqi Legal Database was launched. This site is a comprehensive database that makes all Iraqi positive law freely available (only in Arabic) to users online.

Civil code
A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.

A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core areas of private law that would otherwise typically be codified in a civil code may instead be codified in a commercial code.
Matty Smith (rugby league)
Mathew Joe Smith (born 23 July 1987) is an English rugby league coach and former player, who will be the head coach of Wigan Warriors' academy from 2025. He began coaching in 2023 for St Helens in a dual role as women's head coach and men's assistant coach.

As a player he played as a scrum-half for St Helens, Salford Red Devils, Wigan Warriors, and Catalans Dragons in the Super League and Widnes Vikings in the RFL Championship, in addition to various loans. Internationally, he represented England and England Knights.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Karan Bhagat
Karan Bhagat is an Indian entrepreneur and investor, who is the founder, CEO and MD of 360 ONE WAM, an Indian wealth management firm. He has been listed in fortuneindia.com's 40 Under 40 list in 2016 and 2017. He was also a finalist for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2018.

360 One WAM
360 One WAM is an Indian multinational wealth and asset management company headquartered in Mumbai, India. Founded in 2008, it provides financial services, including wealth management, asset management, portfolio management, corporate treasury solutions, and lending. The company operates in five countries and has 27 offices across India.

As of March 2025, 360 ONE WAM had assets under management (AUM) of over ₹5.81 lakh crore (US$68 billion) and had more than 7,500 clients, including individuals and institutions. It holds an A1+ credit rating from CRISIL and ICRA.
Enrique Herrero (footballer, born 1959)
Enrique Herrero Cuartango (born 31 October 1959) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a defender.

He made 27 La Liga appearances for Salamanca and Murcia. In the Segunda División, he played 212 games and scored 7 goals, for Castilla, Salamanca, Oviedo and Tenerife, and won promotion three times.

Real Murcia CF
Real Murcia Club de Fútbol, S.A.D., commonly known as Real Murcia ([reˈal ˈmuɾθja], "Royal Murcia"), is a Spanish football club based in Murcia, in the Región de Murcia. Founded in 1919, it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 2, playing home matches at Estadio Nueva Condomina, which holds 31,179 spectators.

In domestic football, the club has won a record 8 Segunda División titles and 1 Spanish Royal Federation Cup.

Home colours are mainly scarlet shirt and white shorts.
Sea Tigers
The Sea Tigers (Tamil: கடற்புலிகள் Kaţaṛpulikaḷ) was the naval wing of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It was founded in 1984. The Sea Tigers had a number of small but effective suicide bomber vessels. During its existence it had gained a reputation as a capable adversary for the Sri Lankan Navy. During the civil war, the Sea Tigers had sunk at least 29 Sri Lankan small inshore patrol boats, 20 Dvora-class fast patrol boats, 3 gunboats, 2 large surveillance command ships, and one freighter.

The Sea Tigers were led by Soosai, with their main base at Mullaitivu, on the north-eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Their last base was taken when the Sri Lanka Army captured Chalai in Mullaitivu in February 2009.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Robert Howard (knight)
Sir Robert Howard (1385—1436), Knight, of Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk, was a member of the 15th-century English gentry in Norfolk. He was a minor royal official and probably a retainer of John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. His father outlived him, his brother was murdered, but his son John was granted the by-then extinct Dukedom of Norfolk in 1483.

Affinity (medieval)
In post-classical history, an affinity was a collective name for the group (retinue) of (usually) men whom a lord gathered around himself in his service; it has been described by one modern historian as "the servants, retainers, and other followers of a lord", and as "part of the normal fabric of society". It is considered a fundamental aspect of bastard feudalism, and acted as a means of tying magnates to the lower nobility, just as feudalism had done in a different way.

One form of the relationship was known as livery and maintenance.  The lord provided livery badges to be worn by the retainer and "maintenance" or his support in their disputes, which often constituted obstruction of judicial processes.