hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jalil of Kanem
Jalil (Jalīl bin Dunama), possibly also recorded as Biri, was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the mid-to-late 13th century. A son of mai Dunama II Dibalemi, Jalil ruled during a several decade-long period of succession conflict between the sons of Dunama. The precise sequence and chronology of mais is unclear in this period, which lasted from Dunama's death to the rise of Ibrahim I Nikale.

Dunama II Dibalemi
Dunama II (Dunama bin ʿAbd al-Jalīl), called Dunama Dibalemi and Dunama Selmami, was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the early-to-mid 13th century, ruling approximately 1221–1259. Dunama is remembered as one of the most energetic and influential rulers of the empire.

Dunama was an accomplished warrior-king who oversaw several important military innovations, possibly including the introduction of both cavalry warfare and mail armor. His reign was marked by successful efforts of military and economic expansion, an increasingly feudal political system, increased diplomatic ties with North Africa and Egypt, and further Islamization of the empire. Dunama brought Kanem to the peak of its power, leaving the empire as the most powerful state in Central Africa by the time of his death.
2023 Grand National
The 2023 Grand National (officially known as the Randox 2023 Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 175th annual running of the Grand National horse race. It took place on Saturday 15 April 2023, at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England. The event was sponsored by Randox Health with Natasha Jonas acting as ambassador.

The race was won by Corach Rambler who was trained by Lucinda Russell in Scotland and ridden by Irish jockey Derek Fox, who had both previously won the Grand National in 2017 with One For Arthur.

The race start was delayed by 14 minutes, following protests by campaign group Animal Rising, the first such disruptions since the cancellation of the 1993 Grand National due to a series of false starts and the 1997 Grand National due to the IRA bomb threat. Merseyside Police made 118 arrests, for both "criminal damage and public nuisance offences".

Merseyside Police
Merseyside Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Merseyside in North West England. The service area is 647 square kilometres with a population of around 1.5 million.  As of September 2017 the service has 3,484 police officers, 1,619 police staff, 253 police community support officers, 155 designated officers and 208 special constables. The force is led by Chief Constable Rob Carden.
Henry Stuart (actor)
Henry Stuart (1 February 1885 – 26 January 1948) was a Swiss film actor known for his work in Germany. Stuart was born in Cairo as son of a Swiss doctor, but educated in Britain. He attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, intending to become a painter. After moving into the German film industry following the First World War, Stuart played a number of prominent supporting roles in productions such as Joyless Street (1925). Stuart's film career largely ended with the arrival of sound, and he worked increasingly on the stage. His final film appearance was a small role in the Nazi agfacolor epic Münchhausen (1943).

Joyless Street
Joyless Street (German: Die freudlose Gasse), also titled The Street of Sorrow or The Joyless Street, is a 1925 German silent film directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst starring Greta Garbo, Asta Nielsen and Werner Krauss. It is based on a novel by Hugo Bettauer and widely considered an expression of New Objectivity in film.
Spike Mendelsohn
Evangelos Spiros "Spike" Mendelsohn (born 15 December 1980) is a Washington, D.C.–based chef and restaurateur best known as the fifth-place finisher of the fourth season of Top Chef, which aired 2008–2009. He is the chef and owner of multiple restaurants: Good Stuff Eatery, Santa Rosa Taqueria, and We, The Pizza in Washington, D.C. In the summer of 2017, Mendelsohn closed his restaurant Béarnaise in Washington's Capitol Hill and opened Santa Rosa Taqueria in its place. In 2019, Mendelsohn opened PLNT Burger, a vegan restaurant featuring Beyond Meat, inside Whole Foods Market in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Whole Foods Market
Whole Foods Market, Inc. (colloquially referred to as simply Whole Foods) is an American multinational supermarket chain headquartered in Austin, Texas, owned wholly by Amazon, and which generally sells whole food products free from hydrogenated fats and artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives. A USDA Certified Organic grocer in the United States, the chain is popularly known for its organic selections.

John Mackey, the last remaining co-founder of Whole Foods Market, sold the company to Amazon for $13.7 billion on August 28, 2017. As of March 4, 2019, Whole Foods has more than 500 stores in North America and six in the United Kingdom.
Lebrun Islands
The Lebrun Islands are a group of uninhabited islands in the Solomon Sea, belonging to Papua New Guinea.

The Lebrun Islands belong to Louisiade Archipelago . They are located 12 km northwest of Wari Island and 22 km northeast of the Dumoulin Islands. Rika Rika is the larger of the two islands that make up the group. The highest elevation on Rika Rika is 109 m. Dogigi is located 4.5 km south of Rika Rika.
Administratively, the island belongs to Bwanabwana Rural LLG (Local Level Government area) of Samarai-Murua District in Milne Bay Province. They are administered in the Ward of Wari.

Louisiade Archipelago
The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea.

It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than 160 kilometres (99 mi) and spread over an ocean area of 26,000 square kilometres (10,000 sq mi) between the Solomon Sea to the north and the Coral Sea to the south. The aggregate land area of the islands is about 1,871 square kilometres (722 sq mi), with Vanatinai (Sudest) beingness the largest.

Rogeia (Logea), Samarai and Sariba lie closest to New Guinea, while Misima, Vanatinai, and Rossel islands lie further east.
Maine State Route 229
State Route 229 (SR 229) is a state highway located entirely within the town of Limestone in extreme northeastern Maine.  It begins at U.S. Route 1A (US 1A) downtown and runs 1.94 miles (3.12 km) east to the Canada–US border, where it connects to New Brunswick Route 375.  SR 229 is also known as Grand Falls Road.

Limestone, Maine
Limestone is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,526 at the 2020 census.

The town is best known for being the home of the Loring Commerce Centre (formerly Loring Air Force Base; also lying on its former territory is the Aroostook National Wildlife Refuge). The Maine School of Science and Mathematics (MSSM), which in 2019 ranked #2 in the United States by U.S. News & World Report, is located in the town itself, sharing its campus with the town high school.

The population center of the town is in Limestone (CDP), in the east-central part of the town.
Brittany Runs a Marathon
Brittany Runs a Marathon is a 2019 American comedy film written and directed by Paul Downs Colaizzo, in his directorial debut. It stars Jillian Bell, Michaela Watkins, Utkarsh Ambudkar, Lil Rel Howery, and Micah Stock. The film follows an overweight woman in New York City who sets out to lose weight and train for the city's annual marathon.

It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 28, 2019 and was released on August 23, 2019, by Amazon Studios.

Amazon MGM Studios
Amazon MGM Studios is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Amazon, and headquartered at the Culver Studios complex in Culver City, California. Launched in November 2010 as Amazon Studios, the company adopted its name in October 2023 after its merger with MGM Holdings, which Amazon had acquired the year prior.

Productions from the studio are primarily distributed through theaters and Amazon's own streaming media service, Amazon Prime Video.

Alongside Amazon Prime Video, the company constitutes one half of Amazon's membership in the Motion Picture Association (MPA), which it joined in October 2024.
Piash Karim
Manjur Karim Piash (Bengali: মনজুর করিম পিয়াস; 1958 – October 13, 2014) popularly known as Piash Karim was a professor, researcher and political commentator with specializations in political economy, political sociology, nationalism and social theory. After Bangladesh achieved independence, he completed his bachelor's degree from the University of Dhaka and went to the US for higher studies. In his long career as a teacher, he taught at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Culver–Stockton College and BRAC University.

BRAC University
BRAC University (Bengali: ব্র্যাক ইউনিভার্সিটি, also known as BRACU) is a private research university located in Merul Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 2001 as a branch of Sir Fazle Hasan Abed's BRAC under the Private University Act 1992.
2014 Trinidad and Tobago Goal Shield
The 2014 Trinidad and Tobago Goal Shield was the fifth season of the Lucozade Sport Goal Shield, which is a knockout tournament competition for Trinidad and Tobago teams competing in the TT Pro League. W Connection entered as the cup holders having defeated North East Stars 4–3 in a penalty shootout in the 2013 final. Continuing from previous seasons, the competition not only allowed the winner and runner-up healthy purses at the end of the tournament, but more so give an added incentive for more goals to be scored throughout the tournament. In particular, the winner of the competition was awarded TT$30,000 plus an additional TT$3,000 for every goal scored in the final, TT$2,000 for every goal in the semifinals, and TT$1,000 for each goal scored in the quarterfinals. Whereas, the runner-up was awarded TT$10,000 plus TT$1,500 for every goal scored in the final, TT$1,000 for every goal in the semifinals, and TT$500 for each goal scored in the quarterfinals.

W Connection F.C.
W. Connection Football Club is a professional football club from Trinidad and Tobago, which currently plays in the TT Pro League. The club plays its home games at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella. The club's offices are based at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate.
Inquiry
An inquiry (also spelled as enquiry in British English) is any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem. A theory of inquiry is an account of the various types of inquiry and a treatment of the ways that each type of inquiry achieves its aim.

Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
Daisuke Watanabe (long jumper)
Daisuke Watanabe (渡辺 大輔, Watanabe Daisuke; born 29 May 1975) is a Japanese track and field athlete. He competed in the men's long jump at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

His wife Ryoko (née Jojima) was the 1992 Asian junior champion in the 100 metres hurdles. His nephew Yuki Hashioka is the former Japanese record holder in the long jump.

He is currently the director and advisor of the track and field club at Hachioji High School. He coached his nephew Yuki Hashioka from 2014 to 2017.

Yuki Hashioka
Yūki Hashioka (橋岡 優輝, Hashioka Yūki; born 23 January 1999) is a Japanese athlete specialising in the long jump. He won a gold medal at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships. In addition, he finished fourth at the 2018 Asian Games.

Hashioka qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and finished in 6th place with a distance of 8.10m.
Pomerania-Wolgast
The Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast, also known as the Duchy of Wolgast, and the Duchy of Wołogoszcz, was a feudal duchy in Western Pomerania within the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Wolgast. It was ruled by the Griffin dynasty. It existed in the Late Middle Ages era from 1295 to 1478.

The state was formed in 1160, in the partition of the Duchy of Pomerania, with duke Bogislaw IV, as its first ruler. In 1478, the state was incorporated into the re-unified Duchy of Pomerania, under the rule of duke Bogislaw X. During its existence, part of its territory was partitioned into Pomerania-Stolp (1368), Pomerania-Neustettin (1368), Pomerania-Barth (1376), and Pomerania-Stargard (1377).

Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard
The Duchy of Pomerania-Stargard, also known as the Duchy of Stargard located in Western Pomerania in the Holy Roman Empire, was a feudal duchy with its capital in Stargard. It was formed in 1377, when it separated from Pomerania-Stolp.  In 1395, it fell under the control of the Duke of Pomerania-Stolp, and continued to be ruled by the successive Dukes of the House of Griffins until its dissolution in 1478, when it was incorporated into a unified Duchy of Pomerania.
Citizens' initiative referendum (France)
The Référendum d'initiative Citoyenne (abbreviated RIC) is the name given to the proposal for a constitutional amendment in France to permit consultation of the citizenry by referendum concerning the proposition or abrogation of laws, the revocation of politicians' mandates, and constitutional amendment.

The proposed process is a direct democracy mechanism that allows citizens to petition for a referendum without needing the consent of the parliament or president. Similar referendums are used in around forty other countries, including Italy, Switzerland, Taiwan, Venezuela, New Zealand and in the US state of Oregon.

Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate directly decides on policy initiatives, without elected representatives as proxies, as opposed to the representative democracy model which occurs in the majority of established democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic constituted the core of the work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
Angle, Pembrokeshire
Angle (Welsh: Angl) is a village, parish and community on the southern side of the entrance to the Milford Haven Waterway in Pembrokeshire, Wales. The village school has closed, as has the village shop (with a post office). There is a bus link to Pembroke railway station.

The Sailors' Chapel, a Grade I listed building, is in the church graveyard.
At Castle Farm, there is a Pele tower and above Castle Bay there are the remains of an Iron Age fort. On the headland there are visible remains of medieval strip farming.

Milford Haven Waterway
Milford Haven Waterway (Welsh: Dyfrffordd Aberdaugleddau) is a natural harbour in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is a ria or drowned valley which was flooded at the end of the last ice age. The Daugleddau estuary winds west to the sea. As one of the deepest natural harbours in the world, it is a busy shipping channel, trafficked by ferries from Pembroke Dock to Ireland, oil tankers and pleasure craft. Admiral Horatio Nelson, visiting the haven with the Hamiltons, described it as the next best natural harbour to Trincomalee in Ceylon (today's Sri Lanka) and "the finest port in Christendom". Much of the coastline of the Waterway is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, listed as Milford Haven Waterway SSSI.
Muzzle flash
Muzzle flash is the light—both visible and infrared—created by a muzzle blast, which is caused by the sudden release and expansion of high-temperature, high-pressure gases from the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Both the blast and flash are products of the exothermic combustion of the propellant (gunpowder), and any remaining unburned powders reacting with ambient air. The size and shape of the muzzle flash is dependent on the combustion energy of propellant being used, the amount of combustible ejecta remaining, and any devices attached to the muzzle (such as a flash hider, suppressor or muzzle shroud).

Ejecta
Ejecta (Latin for 'things thrown out'; sing. ejectum) are particles ejected from an area. In volcanology, in particular, the term refers to particles including pyroclastic materials (tephra) that came out of a volcanic explosion and magma eruption volcanic vent, or crater, has traveled through the air or water, and fell back to the ground surface or ocean floor.
Carla Crozier
Carla Summerfield (née Crozier, also known as Leach) is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street, who was portrayed by Elisabeth Easther from early 1995 to mid 1996. The character debuted as the sister of established character Ellen Crozier (Robyn Malcolm) and gained notoriety as the show's first ever on screen murderer.

Robyn Malcolm
Robyn Jane Malcolm MNZM (born 1965) is a New Zealand actress, who first gained recognition for her role as nurse Ellen Crozier on the soap opera Shortland Street. She is best known for playing Cheryl West, matriarch to a sometimes criminal working-class family, in the television series Outrageous Fortune. She has also worked in Australia, including roles in the TV series Rake and Upper Middle Bogan. She plays the lead role in the six-part 2023 NZ drama After the Party.
The Guttersnipe
The Guttersnipe is a 1922 American romance film directed by Dallas M. Fitzgerald and written by Wallace C. Clifton. The film stars Gladys Walton, Walter Perry, Kate Price, Jack Perrin, Sidney Franklin, and Carmen Phillips. The film was released on January 30, 1922, by Universal Film Manufacturing Company.

Kate Price (actress)
Katherine Duffy (13 February 1872 – 4 January 1943), known professionally as Kate Price, was an Irish-American actress. She is known for playing the role of Mrs. Kelly in the comedy series The Cohens and Kellys, made by Universal Pictures between 1926 and 1932. Price appeared in 296 movies from 1910 to 1937.
Lin Ying-shin
Lin Ying-shin (Chinese: 林穎欣; Wade–Giles: Lín Yǐngxīn; born 22 April 1999) is a Taiwanese sports shooter. She won her first gold medal at the 2018 ISSF World Cup in Munich in the 10 m air rifle. Lin started off the 2018 season by winning a Junior World Cup silver medal in Sydney, and then claimed a silver in the open category at the ISSF World Cup stage 2 in Changwon. Lin competed at the 2018 Asian Games, and claimed the first gold medal for the Chinese Taipei contingent after finished in the first place in the mixed 10 metre air rifle team event partnered with Lu Shao-chuan. She finished third at the International Shooting Sport Federation World Cup in 2019, guaranteeing a place at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Lu Shao-chuan
Lu Shao-chuan (Chinese: 呂紹全; Wade–Giles: Lǚ Shàoquán; born 24 March 1997) is a Taiwanese sports shooter. He competed in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, and grabbed the bronze medal in the mixed teams' 10m air rifle event partnered with Viktoriya Sukhorukova of Ukraine. He also competed at the 2014 and 2018 Asian Games. Teamed-up with Lin Ying-shin, they claimed the first gold medal for the Chinese Taipei contingent at the 2018 Games in the mixed 10 metre air rifle team event. He also won the bronze medal in the men's 10 m air rifle event. Lu placed fifth in the 2019 Asian Shooting Championships, and qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, becoming the first Taiwanese sports shooter to qualify for the Olympic 10-meter air rifle competition.
Natalie Bieser
Natalie Bieser (born 1948) is an American contemporary artist, known for her watercolor paintings and  assemblage. She lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and previously lived in Los Angeles.

Bieser was a participant in Documenta 5 in Kassel in 1972, with wall objects made with strings of beads.

Her work is included in the collections of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Whitney Museum of American Art. She married painter Joe Goode in 1978.

Joe Goode
Joe Goode (né Jose Bueno; March 23, 1937 – March 22, 2025) was an American visual artist, known for his pop art paintings. Goode made a name for himself in Los Angeles, California, through his cloud imagery and milk bottle paintings which were associated with the Pop Art movement. The artist was also closely associated with Light and Space, a West Coast art movement of the early 1960s. He resided in Los Angeles, California.
Dere (singer)
Theresia Margaretha Gultom (born 1 June 2002), known professionally as Dere, is an Indonesian singer-songwriter. She released her debut studio album, Rubik in 2022. She was nominated for four Anugerah Musik Indonesia awards and won the Best Folk/Country/Ballad Production Work for "Berisik".

Dere is respected for her songwriting skills, unique voice, and meaningful lyrics. She actively collaborates with other artists and has contributed to multiple successful projects. She also performed at important national events like Indonesia's 77th Independence Day at the Istana Negara in Jakarta. As of 2024 and 2025, she continues to release new singles and prepare for her second album.

Anugerah Musik Indonesia
The Anugerah Musik Indonesia (lit. 'Indonesian Music Awards'), also known as AMI or colloquially AMI Awards, is an annual Indonesian music award ceremony to recognize outstanding achievements in improving the quality and quantity of artists in the mainly Indonesian-language music industry. It has been compared to the American Grammy Awards and British Brit Awards. It provides recognition of the music industry similar to other entertainment ceremonies, such as the Indonesian Television Awards, Festival Film Indonesia, or the Indonesian Movie Actors Awards.
Maxillaria parviflora
Maxillaria parviflora, the purple tiger orchid, is a species of epiphytic orchid native to Florida, the West Indies and through Latin America from  Mexico to Bolivia.

Recent molecular studies have suggested that Maxillaria should be split into several genera, with this species included in the genus Camaridium.

Maxillaria
Maxillaria, abbreviated as Max in the horticultural trade, is a large genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae). This is a diverse genus, with very different morphological forms. Their characteristics can vary widely.
They are commonly called spider orchids, flame orchids or tiger orchids. Their scientific name is derived from the Latin word maxilla, meaning jawbone, reflecting on the column and the base of the lip of some species, that may evoke a protruding jaw.
Stannifer, New South Wales
Stannifer  is a small rural village on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. The village is situated nine kilometres north of Tingha, New South Wales, on the Elsmore Road, and is within Inverell Shire. Middle Creek, a tributary of the Macintyre River is nearby.

The village is several kilometres from the locality of Old Mill; both are old tin mining villages, with remnants of the mining past still visible in places and fossicking still carried on in local creek beds.

The main industries are mining, timber, fossicking and agriculture. Several varieties of gems can be found in the Stannifer fossicking area, including jellybeans, quartz and grass stone.

Tingha, New South Wales
Tingha is a small town on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia in Inverell Shire. Formerly part of Armidale Region, on 1 July 2019, responsibility for Tingha was transferred from Armidale Regional Council to Inverell Shire Council. The town is 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Inverell and 559 kilometres (347 mi) north-north-east of Sydney. Tingha is an Aboriginal word for "flat or level".
The Devil by the Tail
The Devil by the Tail (French: Le diable par la queue) is a 1969 French-Italian comedy film directed by Philippe de Broca and starring Yves Montand, Madeleine Renaud and Maria Schell. The French title refers to the idiom "Tirer le diable par la queue", meaning struggling to make ends meet.

Yves Montand
Ivo Livi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈiːvo ˈliːvi]; 13 October 1921 – 9 November 1991), better known as Yves Montand (French: [iv mɔ̃tɑ̃]), was an Italian-born French actor and singer. He is said to be one of France's greatest 20th-century artists.