hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudicius maculatus
Pseudicius maculatus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Pseudicius that lives in Lesotho and South Africa. The spider was first defined in 2011 by Charles Haddad and Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with a carapace and abdomen each that measure between 2.5 and 2.7 mm (0.10 and 0.11 in) long. The carapace is chocolate-brown and covered in white hairs. The abdomen has a pattern of white patches which are more distinctive on the female. These give the species its name. It also has a characteristic longer and stouter foreleg. The species is similar to the related Pseudicius africanus, apart from the pattern on the abdomen. It also differs in its copulatory organs, particularly the sioting of the copulatory openings on the female epigyne and the shorter male embolus.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Coconuts Musume
Coconuts Musume (ココナッツ娘。, Kokonattsu Musume.) was a Japanese idol girl group formed by Up-Front Promotion in 1999 and associated with Hello! Project. It was promoted as the "girls from Hawaii". After nine years, the group officially disbanded when Ayaka Kimura graduated from Hello! Project.

Up-Front Group
Up-Front Group Co., Ltd. (株式会社アップフロントグループ, Kabushiki gaisha Appu-Furonto Gurūpu) is a Japanese holding company for various entertainment companies. Its subsidiaries include the talent agency Up-Front Promotion and Up-Front Works, a music production and sales company that manages such record labels as Zetima, Piccolo Town, and Hachama.
Let the River Flow
Let the River Flow (Northern Sami: Ellos eatnucode: sme promoted to code: se ; Norwegian: La elva leve) is a 2023 Norwegian historical drama film written and directed by Ole Giæver. Set in 1979, it is inspired by the events of the Alta conflict. The lead role was played by Ella Marie Hætta Isaksen, in her screen debut. It premiered in Masi, Norway on 13 January 2023 before a theatrical release in Norway on 3 February 2023. It premiered in Swedish theaters on 12 May 2023.

The film received positive reviews from critics. It won the Audience Dragon Award for Best Nordic Film and the FIPRESCI Prize at the Gothenburg Film Festival.

Gothenburg Film Festival
Göteborg Film Festival (GFF), formerly Göteborg International Film Festival (GIFF), known in English as the Gothenburg Film Festival, formerly Gothenburg International Film Festival, is an annual film festival in Gothenburg, Sweden and the largest film event in Scandinavia. When it was launched on February 8, 1979, it showed 17 films on 3 screens and had 3,000 visitors.

Today, the film festival takes place over 10 days each year at the end of January and beginning of February. In recent years an estimated 450 films from 60 countries annually have been screened for 115,000 visitors. The film festival is an important market place for contractors in the movie industry.
Broch of Borwick
59°01′52″N 3°21′12″W﻿ / ﻿59.031023°N 3.353398°W﻿ / 59.031023; -3.353398

The Broch of Borwick is an Iron Age broch located on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland (grid reference HY22411678). It is a scheduled monument.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo
Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo GCSK (born 27 January 1959) is a Mauritian politician who has served in various ministerial positions as a member of the Militant Socialist Movement. She represents Constituency No. 19 in the National Assembly. She is the first woman to hold the position of Vice Prime Minister.

Vice-Prime Minister of Mauritius
Vice-Prime Minister of Mauritius (French: Vice-Premier ministre) is an honorary title usually carried by up to two incumbent ministers of the Government of Mauritius, that does not exist separately under the Constitution of Mauritius.

The office is currently vacant, with incumbent Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam declining to appoint any. Leela Dookun-Luchoomun and Anwar Husnoo were the previous holders of the office and both held it since being appointed on 12 November 2019.
The Control of Nature
The Control of Nature is a 1989 nonfiction book by John McPhee that chronicles three attempts to control natural processes that had varying success. The book combines three long essays previously published in The New Yorker: "Atchafalaya", "Cooling the Lava", and "Los Angeles Against the Mountains". These respectively describe the Old River Control Structure regulating inflow to the Atchafalaya River; the Eldfell volcanic eruption of 1973; and debris flow from the San Gabriel Mountains.

Old River Control Structure
The Old River Control Structure is a floodgate system in a branch of the Mississippi River in central Louisiana.  It regulates the flow of water from the Mississippi into the Atchafalaya River, thereby preventing the Mississippi River from changing course.  Completed in 1963, the complex was built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in a side channel of the Mississippi known as "Old River", between the Mississippi's current channel and the Atchafalaya Basin, a former channel of the Mississippi.

The Old River Control Structure is a complex containing the original low-sill and overbank structures, as well as the auxiliary structure that was constructed after the low-sill structure was damaged during the Mississippi River Flood of 1973.  The complex also contains a navigation lock and the Sidney A. Murray Jr. Hydroelectric Station.
Dorota Świeniewicz
Dorota Świeniewicz (born 27 July 1972) is a retired Polish volleyball player who was a member of Poland women's national volleyball team from 1991 to 2009. She was a double European Champion (2003, 2005), Polish Champion (1996, 2010), and Italian Champion (2003, 2005).

2003 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2003 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 23rd edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Ankara, Turkey from 20 to 28 September 2003.

The two finalists Poland and Turkey claimed a ticket for the 2003 FIVB Women's World Cup and the first Olympic Qualification Tournament for the 2004 Summer Olympics held in Japan in November. The first six ranked teams (Poland, Turkey, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Russia) qualified for the European Olympic Qualification Tournament in Baku, from 5 to 10 January 2004. Semifinalists Turkey, Germany, Poland and the Netherlands also automatically qualified for the 2005 Women's European Championships, which took place in Croatia. Defending champion Russia finished out of the medals for the first time in volleyball history.
Bataan Military Academy
Bataan Military Academy was a tuition-free, co-ed, college-prep public day high school. All cadets were members of the Navy Junior Reserve Officers Corps, the U.S. Navy's youth organization. Bataan opened at the beginning of the 2007–2008 school year with freshmen and sophomores. The school closed at the end of the 2015–2016 school year due to declining enrolment.

The academy was named to commemorate the soldiers and sailors who surrendered to Japanese forces on Luzon in 1942. During a forced removal to a POW camp, some 70,000 of these American and Philippine soldiers died during what later became known as the Bataan Death March. In remembrance of these brave men (many of whom were from New Mexico's 200th Coastal Artillery) BMA Cadets participate in the annual 26 mile Bataan Death March Memorial Marathon held at the U.S. Army White Sands Missile Range near Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) is a federal program sponsored by the United States Armed Forces in high schools and also in some middle schools across the United States and at US military bases across the world. The program was originally created as part of the National Defense Act of 1916 (Army JROTC) and later expanded (Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force) under the 1964 ROTC Vitalization Act.  The Coast Guard was added in 1989 under P.L. 101-225. The Space Force established its first unit in 2019.
2008 United States Senate election in Kansas
The 2008 United States Senate election in Kansas was held on November 4, 2008. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Pat Roberts won re-election to a third term.

As of 2025, this is the last time a Democratic candidate won Atchison County in a US Senate election.

Atchison County, Kansas
Atchison County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Atchison.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 16,348.  The county was named in honor of David Atchison, a U.S. Senator from Missouri and border ruffian during the "Bleeding Kansas" era.
Louise McCullough
Louise McCullough is an American neurologist who is the Prof. Roy M. & Phyllis Gough Huffington Distinguished Chair of Neurology and is actively engaged in stroke research at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas (a.k.a. McGovern Medical School). She provides neurological care at Memorial Hermann Hospital, which has a state-of-the-art stroke center and is co-director of the Mischer Neuroscience Institute.

McGovern Medical School
The John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, is the graduate medical school associated with the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston). Established by the Texas Legislature in 1969 as the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, the McGovern Medical School enrolled its first class of 19 students in 1970. Today, the school annually enrolls a class size of 240 students, making it the seventh-largest medical school in the United States.
John Gilbert (naturalist)
John Gilbert (c. 1812 – 28 June 1845) was an English naturalist and explorer. Gilbert is often cited in the earliest descriptions of many Australian animals, many of which were unrecorded in European literature, and some of these are named for him by those authors. Gilbert was sent to the newly founded Swan River Colony and made collections and notes on the unique birds and mammals of the surrounding region. He later joined expeditions to remote parts the country, continuing to make records and collections until he was killed during a violent altercation at Mitchell River (Queensland) on the Cape York Peninsula.

Mitchell River (Queensland)
The Mitchell River is a river in Far North Queensland, Australia. The river rises on the Atherton Tableland about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cairns and flows about 750 kilometres (470 mi) northwest across Cape York Peninsula from Mareeba to the Gulf of Carpentaria.

The river's watershed covers an area of 71,757 km2 (27,706 sq mi). The Mitchell has the state's largest discharge, at 11.3 million megalitres (2.5×10^12 imp gal; 3.0×10^12 US gal) annually, but is intermittent and may be dry for part of the year. Lake Mitchell is the main water storage facility on the river.

It was named by Ludwig Leichhardt on 16 June 1845 after Sir Thomas Mitchell while he was on his overland expedition from Moreton Bay to Port Essington.  It may have been previously named the Vereenighde River in 1623 by Dutch merchant and navigator Jan Carstensz.
Kentucky Route 884
Kentucky Route 884 (KY 884) is a south–north highway in Warren County, Kentucky. Primarily a route serving rural areas southeast of Bowling Green, the route enters the city before its end at U.S. Route 231 (US 231, Scottsville Road). The route is known locally as Three Springs Road.

Warren County, Kentucky
Warren County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 134,554, making it the fifth-most populous county in Kentucky. The county seat is Bowling Green. Warren County is now classified as a wet county after voters approved the measure in 2018. The measure became law in January 2019 that allows alcohol to be sold county wide.

Warren County is included in the Bowling Green, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Pennyroyal Plateau and Western Coal Fields regions.
Robert Nugent (judge)
Robert Wolseley Nugent (born 3 October 1948) is a South African retired judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 2002 to 2013. Formerly an advocate and Senior Counsel in Johannesburg, he was appointed to the bench in 1993 as a judge of the Transvaal Provincial Division (later the Gauteng High Court). In 2018, he chaired the Nugent Commission into maladministration at the South African Revenue Service.

Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law which has general jurisdiction over the South African province of Gauteng and the eastern part of North West province. The main seat of the division is at Pretoria, while a local seat at Johannesburg has concurrent jurisdiction over the southern parts of Gauteng.

Audrey Ledwaba has been the Acting Judge President of the division since appointment of Dunstan Mlambo as Deputy Chief Justice of South Africa.
Tex Murphy
Tex Murphy is a series of video games designed by Chris Jones. The eponymous main character is portrayed in live-action by Chris Jones himself. He is characterized as a down-on-his-luck private investigator in a post-nuclear future San Francisco, borrowing tropes from both the film noir and cyberpunk genres.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Kevin Kelly (Gaelic footballer)
Kevin Kelly (1945 – 17 December 2024) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with Carbury and Athlone and was also a member of the Kildare senior football team.

Kelly's club career spanned two different clubs and two different counties. He won six Kildare SFC medals with Carbury, while he also won three Westmeath SFC medals with Athlone. At inter-county level, Kelly won an All-Ireland U21FC medal with Kildare in 1965, before later lining out for the senior team.

Kelly died on 17 December 2024, at the age of 79.

Kildare county football team
The Kildare county football team represents Kildare in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Kildare GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Kildare's home ground is St Conleth's Park, Newbridge. The team's manager is Brian Flanagan.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2000, the All-Ireland Senior Championship in 1928 and has never won the National League.
Houston and Texas Central Railway
The Houston and Texas Central Railway (H&TC) was an 872-mile (1403-km) railway system chartered in Texas in 1848, with construction beginning in 1856.  The line eventually stretched from Houston northward to Dallas and Denison, Texas, with branches to Austin and Waco.

Denison, Texas
Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States, 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Texas–Oklahoma border. Its population was 24,479 at the 2020 census, up from 22,682 at the 2010 census. Denison is part of the Texoma region and is one of two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area. It is the birthplace of 34th U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Mexico national under-18 football team
The Mexico national under-18 football team, is controlled by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación (Mexican Football Federation) and represents Mexico in international under-18 (under age 18) football competitions.

The Mexico national Under-18 football team serves as a transition for players between the Mexico national under-17 football team and the Mexico national under-20 football team.

Though the team does not compete in a World Cups, It competes in international tournaments and holds several domestic training camps throughout the year.

Mexico national under-17 football team
The Mexico national under-17 football team is one of the youth teams that represents Mexico in football at the under-17 level, and is controlled by the Mexican Football Federation (Spanish: Federación Mexicana de Fútbol). The team has reached the final of the FIFA U-17 World Cup four times, and is a two-time winner, being crowned champions in 2005 and 2011.
Philip Fysh
Sir Philip Oakley Fysh KCMG (1 March 1835 – 20 December 1919) was an English-born Australian politician. He arrived in Tasmania in 1859 and became a leading merchant in Hobart. He served two terms as premier of Tasmania (1877–1878, 1887–1892) and became a leader of the colony's federation movement. He subsequently won election to the new federal House of Representatives (1901–1910) and was invited to represent Tasmania in the first federal ministry, serving as minister without portfolio (1901–1903) and Postmaster-General (1903–1904).

Minister for Communications (Australia)
The Minister for Communications is a member of the Cabinet of Australia with overall responsibility for broadcasting, the information and communications technology industry, the information economy, and national telecommunications. The portfolio has been held by Anika Wells under the second Albanese ministry since 13 May 2025, following the 2025 Australian federal election.

In the Government of Australia, the minister administers the communications portfolio through the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts.
David McHugh
David McHugh is an Irish former rugby union referee.  McHugh refereed matches at the 1995, 1999 and 2003 Rugby World Cups. In 1996 McHugh refereed the inaugural Heineken Cup final. He would also referee the 2001 final, making him the first referee to take charge of two European Rugby Champions Cup finals. He also refereed in the Celtic League, the Six Nations Championship and the Tri Nations. In 2002, while refereeing a Tri Nations match between South Africa and New Zealand, McHugh was assaulted by a South African fan. After retiring as a referee in 2004, McHugh worked as a referee performance officer and then manager for the Irish Rugby Football Union.

2002 Tri Nations Series
The 2002 Tri Nations Series was contested from 13 July to 17 August between the Australia, New Zealand and South Africa national rugby union teams. The All Blacks won the tournament.

South Africa won their first Mandela Challenge Plate in a one-off home test against Australia. Australia made it 5 wins in a row in the Bledisloe Cup, having taken it from New Zealand in 1998. As of 2025, this was the last time that Australia won the Bledisloe Cup.
Fethard, County Tipperary
Fethard (/ˈfɛθərd/; Irish: Fiodh Ard, meaning 'high wood') is a small town in County Tipperary, Ireland. Dating to the Norman invasion of Ireland, the town's walls were first laid-out in the 13th century, with some sections of these defensive fortifications surviving today.

Fethard is located 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Cashel on the Clashawley River where the R692, R689 and R706 regional roads intersect. It is a civil parish in the barony of Middle Third and in the ecclesiastical parish of "Fethard and Killusty" in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly. As of 2022, the town's population was 1,738.

Cashel, County Tipperary
Cashel (/ˈkæʃəl/; Irish: Caiseal, meaning 'stone ringfort') is a town in County Tipperary in Ireland. Its population was 4,805 in the 2022 census. The town gives its name to the ecclesiastical province of Cashel. Additionally, the cathedra of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly was originally in the town prior to the English Reformation. It is part of the parish of Cashel and Rosegreen in the same archdiocese. One of the six cathedrals of the Anglican Bishop of Cashel and Ossory, who currently resides in Kilkenny, is located in the town. It is in the civil parish of St. Patrick's Rock which is in the historical barony of Middle Third.
Amplitude damping channel
In the theory of quantum communication, an amplitude damping channel is a quantum channel that models physical processes such as spontaneous emission. A natural process by which this channel can occur is a spin chain through which a number of spin states, coupled by a  time independent Hamiltonian, can be used to send a quantum state from one location to another. The resulting quantum channel ends up being identical to an amplitude damping channel, for which the quantum capacity, the classical capacity and the entanglement assisted classical capacity of the quantum channel can be evaluated.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Composite measure
Composite measure in statistics and research design refer to composite measures of variables, i.e. measurements based on multiple data items.

An example of a composite measure is an IQ test, which gives a single score based on a series of responses to various questions.

Three common composite measures include:

indexes - measures that summarize and rank specific observations, usually on the ordinal scale;

scales - advanced indexes whose observations are further transformed (scaled) due to their logical or empirical relationships;

typologies - measures that classify observations in terms of their attributes on multiple variables, usually on a nominal scale.

Ordinal data
Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known.: 2  These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S. Stevens in 1946. The ordinal scale is distinguished from the nominal scale by having a ranking. It also differs from the interval scale and ratio scale by not having category widths that represent equal increments of the underlying attribute.