hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kwansŏ
Kwansŏ (Korean: 관서), or Gwanseo, is a region of Korea. It lies in the northwest of the Korean Peninsula, occupied by the North Korean provinces of North Pyongan, South Pyongan, and Chagang, as well as the cities of Pyongyang and Nampo.

Chagang Province
Chagang Province (Korean: 자강도; MR: Chagang-do; Korean pronunciation: [tɕa.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province of North Korea; it is bordered by China's Jilin and Liaoning provinces to the north, Ryanggang and South Hamgyong to the east, South Pyongan to the south, and North Pyongan to the west.  Chagang was formed in 1949, after being demarcated from North Pyongan.  The provincial capital is Kanggye. Before 2019, Chagang was the only province of North Korea  completely inaccessible to tourists, possibly due to weapons factories and nuclear weapon facilities located there. In 2019 the city of Manpo became accessible to tourists. In May 2018, the province became a "Special Songun (military first) Revolutionary Zone" in relations to concealing the nuclear weapon and weapon's factories within the province.
Kalpin County
Kalpin County is a county in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Aksu Prefecture. The overwhelmingly Uyghur population of the county lives on oases at the base of the Tian Shan (Tangri Tagh) mountains and on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert.

Aksu Prefecture
Aksu Prefecture is located in west-central Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 131,161 km2 (50,642 sq mi) and 2.714 million inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 715,319 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Aksu urban district. The name Aksu is Turkic for 'white water'. Aksu Prefecture has a 263.8 km (163.9 mi) long international boundary with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
TCDD E44000
TCDD E44000, also referred to as the "National Electric Train" (Turkish: "Milli Elektrikli Tren") by the media, is a model of electric trainset produced by TÜVASAŞ (now under TÜRASAŞ) for TCDD Taşımacılık. Trains started to be delivered to the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) on 27 April 2023.

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Matta rice
Matta rice (also known as Palakkadan/Kerala/Rose Matta rice, Kaje Rice in Karnataka, or Kuththarisi) (Malayalam: കേരള മട്ട, Tulu:കജെ അരി, Kannada: ಕಜೆ, ಕುಚಲಕ್ಕಿ, Tamil: குத்தரிசி, lit. 'Kuttarici') is an indigenous variety of rice grown in Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, Palakkad district of Kerala, India and in Jaffna district of Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is known for its coarseness and health benefits. It is popular in Kerala and coastal Karnataka in India and Sri Lanka where it is used on a regular basis for idlies, appams and plain rice.

Northern Province, Sri Lanka
The Northern Province (Tamil: வட மாகாணம் Vaṭa Mākāṇam; Sinhala: උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,884 km2, making it the 3rd largest province by area, and a population of 1,150,148 making it the least populated province. Jaffna is the capital city of the province.

Between 1988 and 2006, the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province into one province, the North Eastern Province. Due to its large Tamil population, the Northern Province is sometimes referred to as "Sri Lanka's Tamil country". The majority of the fighting in the Sri Lankan Civil War took place in the Northern province.
Walter Morison
Flight Lieutenant Walter McDonald Morison (26 November 1919 – 26 March 2009) was a Royal Air Force pilot who became a prisoner of war and was sent to Colditz for attempting to steal an enemy aircraft during the Second World War.

Oflag IV-C
Oflag IV-C, generally known as Colditz Castle, was a prominent German Army prisoner-of-war camp for captured Allied officers during World War II. Located in Colditz, Saxony, the camp operated within the medieval Colditz Castle, which overlooks the town. The word "Oflag" is an abbreviation of the German term Offizierslager, meaning "officers' camp". The camp held officers who were deemed escape risks or who had already attempted escape from other prison camps. Known for its seemingly impenetrable structure, Colditz Castle became a site of numerous escape attempts, some of which were successful, earning a reputation for the ingenuity and daring of its prisoners. The camp's history and the elaborate escape plans conceived there have been widely covered in postwar memoirs, books, and media. Today, Colditz Castle has become a popular tourist destination, with guided tours, exhibitions and a museum dedicated to the prisoners' lives.
We the People (2021 TV series)
We the People is a 2021 American animated educational musical limited-run television series aiming to teach kids about civics. Each episode is a 4-5 minute animated music video by a popular performer. Created by Chris Nee, who executive produced it with Kenya Barris and Barack & Michelle Obama, the series premiered on July 4, 2021 on Netflix.

Schoolhouse Rock!
Schoolhouse Rock! is an American interstitial programming series of animated musical educational short films (and later, music videos) which aired during the Saturday morning children's programming block on the US television network ABC. The themes covered included grammar, science, economics, history, mathematics, and civics. The series' original run lasted from 1973 to 1985; it was later revived from 1993 to 1996. Additional episodes were produced in 2009 for direct-to-video release.
Science and technology in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has a number of government and other institutions that are responsible for supporting  scientific and technological innovation, including the Ministry of Innovation and Technology, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Science and Technology Information Center and the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute.

Science and Technology Information Center (Ethiopia)
The Science and Technology Information Center (STIC) is an Ethiopian organisation which provides information to support scientific and technological (S&T) activities in the country. STIC has published information on the financing of research and development and on the nature and progress of innovative projects, and in 2014 was planning to introduce bibliometric monitoring of publications in S&T. The center has also provided information and communications technology facilities including a digital library, a patent information system, an automated personnel management system, and a S&T-related database.
Jordan Chatman
Jordan Reid Chatman (born May 21, 1993) is an American professional basketball player. Chatman played college basketball for Boston College Eagles and Brigham Young University and in high school was named Washington Mr. Basketball in 2012.

BYU Cougars men's basketball
The BYU Cougars men's basketball team represents Brigham Young University in NCAA Division I basketball play. It currently competes in the Big 12 Conference. Established in 1902, the team has won 27 conference championships, 3 conference tournament championships and 2 NIT Tournaments (1951 and 1966), and competed in 32 NCAA tournaments. The Cougars most recently appeared at the NCAA tournament in 2025. BYU appeared in the Elite 8 of the NCAA tournament in 1950, 1951, and 1981, its deepest runs at the tournament in program history. BYU's basketball program has won 1,939 games in its 108-year history, ranking 12th in all-time victories among all Division I programs.

From 1999 to 2011, the team competed in the Mountain West Conference, followed by 12 seasons in the West Coast Conference. On September 10, 2021, the Big 12 Conference unanimously accepted BYU's application for membership, and BYU officially joined the conference for the 2023–24 season. The team is coached by Kevin Young.
Janet Stancomb-Wills
Dame Janet Stancomb Graham Stancomb-Wills DBE PPRWA (25 January 1854 – 22 August 1932) was the first woman mayor of Ramsgate in Kent, an office which she held from 1923–24, and she was also the first person to receive, in 1922, the Freedom of the Town. She was elected President of the Royal West of England Academy (RWA) in 1911, decades before any other British Academy even admitted women as full members, and also became President of the School of Architecture at Bristol in 1921. In 1927, she was appointed Justice of the Peace for Kent. She  died on 22 August 1932 at East Court, Ramsgate, Kent, aged 78.

Royal West of England Academy
The Royal West of England Academy (RWA) is Bristol's oldest art gallery, located in Clifton, Bristol, near the junction of Queens Road and Whiteladies Road. Situated in a Grade II* listed building, it hosts five galleries and an exhibition programme of historic and contemporary British art.

Elected Royal West of England Academicians use the post-nominal RWA.
Waucoba Mountain
Waucoba Mountain with an elevation of 11,128 feet (3,392 m) is the highest peak in the Inyo Mountains of eastern California. It is in the Inyo Mountains Wilderness and the Inyo National Forest. It has a clean prominence of 3,923 feet (1,196 m).

"Waucoba" is a name derived from a Native American language meaning "pine trees".

Inyo Mountains
The Inyo Mountains are a short mountain range east of the Sierra Nevada in eastern California in the United States. The range separates the Owens Valley to the west from Saline Valley to the east, extending for approximately 70 miles (110 km) south-southeast from the southern end of the White Mountains, from which they are separated by Westgard Pass, to the east of Owens Lake.

Geologically, the mountains are a fault block range in the Basin and Range Province, at the western end of the Great Basin. They are considered to be among the most important and best-known Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sections in the United States.
Kenny Washington (musician)
Kenny Washington (born May 29, 1958) is an American jazz drummer and music writer born in Staten Island, New York. His brother is bassist Reggie Washington.

He grew up in the Stapleton Houses and attended P.S. 14.  He studied at The High School of Music & Art, graduating in 1976. He has worked with Ronnie Mathews, Lee Konitz, Betty Carter, Johnny Griffin, Dizzy Gillespie, Clark Terry, George Cables, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Ahmad Jamal, Sonny Stitt, James Spaulding, Phil Woods, Bill Charlap, Bobby Watson, Curtis Lundy, and Tommy Flanagan. Washington serves on the faculty of SUNY Purchase and The Juilliard School. Washington's essays on contemporary and historical jazz figures have been featured in numerous jazz album releases and reissues.

James Spaulding
James Ralph Spaulding Jr. (was born July 30, 1937) is an American jazz saxophonist and flutist.

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, United states, Spaulding attended the Chicago Cosmopolitan School of Music. Between 1957 and 1961, he was a member of Sun Ra's band. In the 1960s, he worked as a studio musician at Blue Note Records, recording with Wayne Shorter, Horace Silver, and Stanley Turrentine. He was also a member of Freddie Hubbard's quintet and the World Saxophone Quartet.

He went on to work with some post-bop musicians such as Max Roach, Randy Weston and Woody Shaw. Under the leadership of Mercer Ellington, in the 1970s, Spaulding played in the Duke Ellington Orchestra.  In the 1980s, Spaulding worked with Ricky Ford and, as part of an octet, with David Murray.
Francesco Daverio
Francesco Daverio (April 3, 1815 in Varese – June 3, 1849 in Rome) was a patriot of the Italian unification, Chief of Staff of the Roman Republic, and an engineer, who died on the Janiculum defending the Casino dei quattro venti.

Daverio took part in the Five Days of Milan in March 1848. In August 1848, he was sent by Giuseppe Mazzini to guide Giuseppe Garibaldi in the campaign in Varese. He fought in Luino and Morazzone in 1848. In 1849 he fought in Velletri and defended the Roman Republic.

Roman Republic (1849–1850)
The Roman Republic (Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a short-lived state declared on 9 February 1849, when the government of the Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's departure to Gaeta.  The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi.  Together they formed a triumvirate, a reflection of a form of government during the first century BC crisis of the Roman Republic.

One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: freedom of religion, with Pope Pius IX and his successors guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church. These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only Catholicism and Judaism to be practised by its citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish capital punishment in its constitutional law.
Énna Mac Murchada
Énna Mac Murchada, or Enna Mac Murchada, also known as Énna mac Donnchada, and Énna mac Donnchada mic Murchada, (died 1126) was a twelfth-century ruler of Uí Chennselaig, Leinster, and Dublin. Énna was a member of the Meic Murchada, a branch of the Uí Chennselaig dynasty that came to power in Leinster in the person of his paternal great-grandfather. Énna himself gained power following the death of his cousin Diarmait mac Énna. Throughout much of his reign, Énna acknowledged the overlordship of Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht, although he participated in a failed revolt against the latter in 1124 before making amends. When Énna died in 1126, Toirdelbach successfully took advantage of the resulting power vacuum.

Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair
Toirdhealbhach Mór Ua Conchobhair (old spelling: Tairrdelbach Mór Ua Conchobair; 1088 – 1156) anglicised Turlough Mór O'Conor, was King of Connacht (1106–1156) and High King of Ireland (ca. 1120–1156).
Cuitláhuac García Jiménez
Cuitláhuac García Jiménez (born 18 April 1968) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) who currently serves as Governor of Veracruz. Previously, he represented Veracruz's tenth district as a federal deputy in the 63rd session of Congress.

Governor of Veracruz
The governor, according to the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave in Mexico, the Executive Power is invested in one individual, called "Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave". The current governor is Rocío Nahle García, who assumed the position on December 1, 2024. She is a member of the National Regeneration Movement and the first woman to hold the office.
Bhojipura Assembly constituency
Bhojipura Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bareilly district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 120.

Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency
Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [bəɾeːliː]) is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It covers a part of Bareilly district.
Piet Rampedi
Piet Mahasha Rampedi (born 1980 or 1981) is a South African investigative journalist who was the editor of Pretoria News from 2021 to 2023. He has also worked at the City Press, Sunday Times, Sunday Independent, and as the founder and editor of African Times. He began his career in broadcast journalism in 2002.

Rampedi is best known for having reported two highly prominent stories that were later exposed as hoaxes: in 2014, he co-wrote with Mzilikazi wa Afrika a series of reports about the existence of a so-called rogue unit at the South African Revenue Service, and in 2021, he wrote a series of reports about the Tembisa 10 decuplets. However, other investigative journalism by Rampedi has been widely admired, including his reporting with Adriaan Basson on tenderpreneurship in Limpopo involving then African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) president Julius Malema.

Hoax
A hoax (pl.: hoaxes) is a widely publicised falsehood created to deceive its audience with false and often astonishing information, with the either malicious or humorous intent of causing shock and interest in as many people as possible.

Some hoaxers intend to eventually unmask their representations as having been a hoax so as to expose their victims as fools; seeking some form of profit, other hoaxers hope to maintain the hoax indefinitely, so that it is only when skeptical people willing to investigate their claims publish their findings, that the hoaxers are finally revealed as such.
Jonas Mendes
Jonas Asvedo Mendes (born 20 November 1989) is a Bissau-Guinean professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Swiss 2. Liga club Zürich City SC and Guinea-Bissau national football team.

Raised in Portugal, he played three Primeira Liga games for Beira-Mar, and 30 in the second tier for Atlético CP and Académico Viseu, while spending most of his career in the third division.

A full international with over 51 caps for Guinea-Bissau since 2010, he represented the country at the Africa Cup of Nations in 2017, 2019 and 2021.

Académico de Viseu F.C.
Académico de Viseu Futebol Clube, commonly known as Académico de Viseu, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Viseu. Founded in 1914 as Clube Académico de Futebol, the club went through several changes over the course of the years, folding in 2005 due to financial troubles and re-founding under its current name. The club currently play in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at Estádio do Fontelo.
Julius Nyerere Hydropower Station
Julius Nyerere Hydropower Station (JNHPP; JNHS; RHHP; Rufiji Hydroelectric Power Project; Stiegler's Gorge Dam) is a hydroelectric dam across the Rufiji River in eastern Tanzania. The power station has an installed capacity of 2,115 megawatts (2,836,000 hp) and produces 5,920 GWh of power annually. The project, power station and dam are owned by and managed by the government owned Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO). Construction began in 2019 and was completed in 2025.

TANESCO
The Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO) is a Tanzanian parastatal organisation established in 1964. It is wholly owned by the government of Tanzania. The Ministry of Energy and Minerals regulates the operations of TANESCO.

Its business include: electricity generation, electricity transmission, electricity distribution and sale of electricity to the Tanzanian mainland and bulk power supply to the island of Zanzibar.

The company has a workforce of 7,300 persons. Its main offices are located in Ubungo west of Dar es Salaam central business district and it operates regional offices throughout Tanzania.
Tom Brown (outfielder)
Thomas Tarlton Brown (September 21, 1860 – October 25, 1927) was an Anglo-American center fielder in Major League Baseball. Born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England, son of William Henry Tarlton Brown and Mary Nixon Lewis, he played for 17 seasons, a career in which he batted .265 while scoring 1,524 runs with 1,958 hits. Upon his retirement he served as an umpire, working mostly in the National League in 1898 and 1901–1902.

Center fielder
A center fielder, abbreviated CF, is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field – the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the center fielder is assigned the number 8.
Khotons
The Khoton or Qotung people (Mongolian: Хотон (ястан)) are a  Mongolian-speaking ethnic group in (Outer) Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Most Mongolian Khotons live in Uvs Province in western Mongolia. In China, the Khotons (often called Qotungs) live in Inner Mongolia, concentrated in Alxa League and are classified as ethnic Mongols. They speak the Dörbet or Alasha dialect of the Oirat language. According to the Great Russian Encyclopedia, modern Khoton people are a part of the "Mongols — a group of peoples who speak Mongolian languages".

Mongols in China
Mongols in China, also known as Mongolian Chinese or Chinese Mongols, are ethnic Mongols who live in China. They are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by the Chinese government.

As of 2020, there are 6,290,204 Mongols in China, a 0.45% increase from the 2010 national census. Most of them live in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Xinjiang and Qinghai. The Mongol population in China is nearly twice as much as that of the sovereign state of Mongolia.
Adenzai Tehsil
Adenzai is a tehsil located in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil includes the town of Chakdara.The name Adenzai is derived from the Adenzai clan of Yousafzai Pashtoon tribe. It is listed among:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Khall Tehsil

Lal Qilla Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852 according to the 1998 census report. The projected population of Dir Lower was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the same growth between the 1981 and 1998 census i.e. 3.42% per annum.

Lower Dir District
Lower Dir District (Pashto: ښکته دير ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع دیر زیریں) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Timergara is the district's headquarters and largest city. The Lower Dir district was formed in 1996, when Dir District was divided into Upper Dir and Lower Dir districts. On 22 January 2023, both Lower Dir and Upper Dir districts were further bifurcated to create a new Central Dir District.

Lower Dir district borders with Swat District to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Upper Dir to the north and Malakand and Bajaur District to the south.
Hélio Gracie
Hélio Gracie (October 1, 1913 – January 29, 2009) was a Brazilian martial artist who together with his brothers Oswaldo, Gastao Jr, George and Carlos Gracie founded and developed the self-defense martial art system of Gracie jiu-jitsu, also known as Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ).

Considered as the Godfather of BJJ, according to his son Rorion, Gracie is one of the first sports heroes in Brazilian history; he was named Man of the Year in 1997 by the American martial arts publication Black Belt magazine. A patriarch of the Gracie family, multiple members of his family have gone on to have successful careers in combat sport competition, including mixed martial arts (MMA). In 2001, he was inducted into the Martial Arts History Museum Hall of Fame.

Black Belt (magazine)
Black Belt is an American magazine covering martial arts and combat sports. The magazine is based in Hollywood, California, and is one of the oldest titles dedicated to martial arts in the United States.