hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Martino
Jasper Cini (October 7, 1927 – October 13, 2009), known professionally as Al Martino, was an American traditional pop and standards singer. He had his greatest success as a singer between the early 1950s and mid-1970s, being described as "one of the great Italian American pop crooners", and became known as an actor, particularly for his role as singer Johnny Fontane in The Godfather.

Crooner
A crooner is a singer who performs with a smooth, intimate style that originated in the 1920s. The crooning style was made possible by improved microphones that picked up quieter sounds and a wider range of frequencies than before, allowing the singer to access a greater dynamic range and exploit the proximity effect. This suggestion of intimacy was supposedly wildly attractive to women, especially a youth subculture known at the time as "bobby soxers". The crooning style developed among singers who performed with big bands and reached its height in the 1940s to late 1960s.

Crooning is epitomized by vocalists of the era such as Al Bowlly, Bing Crosby, Rudy Vallee and Frank Sinatra, although Sinatra did not consider himself or Crosby to be "crooners". Other performers, such as Russ Columbo, also rejected the term.
Epidemics Act
Epidemics Act (EpidA), also known as Federal Act on the Control of Communicable Human Diseases, is a Swiss federal act designed to protect people from infections and to prevent and control the outbreak and spread of communicable diseases. The current version of the Epidemics Act is the result of the revision of September 28, 2012. The revision was necessary because the environment in which communicable diseases occur and pose a threat to public health has changed, and the law needed to be adapted accordingly.

An optional referendum against this revision was initiated by the EDU, the Citizens for Citizens Association (Verein Bürger für Bürger) and the Committee for True Democracy (Wahre Demokratie), and the 50,000 signature quorum was reached within 100 days. As a result, a referendum was held on September 22, 2013, in which the complete revision was approved by 60% of the population.

Optional referendum
The optional referendum is a referendum which comes from a request by governmental authorities or the public.  The best known types of optional referendums is the popular initiative to request a law, and the popular (or abrogative) referendum to repeal a law. The collection of signatures from the public is normally necessary to organize an optional referendum, but some jurisdictions allow government agencies to request for a referendum also. It is a form of direct democracy.

The optional referendum is in contrast to a mandatory referendum in that it is a requested referendum, whereas the subject matter of a mandatory referendum is a legally required to be put to a referendum.
Tanquetazo
El Tanquetazo or El Tancazo (Spanish: "The tank putsch") was an attempted coup d'état that occurred in Chile on 29 June 1973.

Elements of an armored regiment of the Chilean Army led by Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Souper tried to overthrow the Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende. Souper's regiment fired on buildings of the Chilean Government in central Santiago with tanks and small arms in which 22 people were killed. Loyalist soldiers led by Army commander-in-chief Carlos Prats successfully put down the coup within hours. Souper and most of the soldiers involved in the coup surrendered to Prats while some fled in exile to Ecuador.

The Tanquetazo was unsuccessful but is considered to have weakened Allende's Popular Unity government and contributed to the successful 1973 Chilean coup d'état three months later.

Chilean Army
The Chilean Army (Spanish: Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces. This 80,000-person army (9,200 of which are conscripts) is organized into six divisions, an army aviation brigade and a special operations brigade.

In recent years, and after several major re-equipment programs, the Chilean Army has become the most technologically advanced and professional army in Latin America.

The Chilean Army is mostly supplied with equipment from Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, Israel, France, and Spain.
Surachman Tjokroadisurjo
Panji Surachman Tjokroadisurjo (30 August 1894 – 16 November 1952) was an Indonesian politician and academic. He served in a number of cabinets during the Indonesian National Revolution, as the Minister of Welfare and later the Minister of Finance.

Born in Wonosobo, he studied chemical engineering at the Delft Institute of Technology in the Netherlands. He returned to the East Indies in 1920, and worked for the Dutch government until the Japanese invasion. Following the proclamation of independence, he was appointed as Minister for Economic Affairs in the Presidential Cabinet. However, he only served for two months before being appointed Minister of Finance in the First and Second Sjahrir Cabinets. He remained active in government afterwards, and was appointed as the first Rector of the University of Indonesia. He died in 1952 during a diplomatic mission to the Netherlands.

Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply Proklamasi) was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946.
Strontium perchlorate
Strontium perchlorate is a deliquescent white crystalline compound  with the formula Sr(ClO4)2.

It is a strong oxidizer which gives red flames. It can be used in pyrotechnics; however, usually the more common strontium nitrate is used. Strontium perchlorate has been used in gelled flame compositions where its hygroscopic nature isn't an issue, in a polymerized candle composition that excluded water, and in an experimental high-atmosphere flash powder.

It is also used in Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control (LITVC) in solid-propellant rockets to enable steering control with a simple fixed nozzle.

Strontium perchlorate has been characterized in multiple hydrated forms;  a trihydrate (Sr(ClO4)2·3H2O), tetrahydrate (Sr(ClO4)2·4H2O) and nonahydrate (Sr(ClO4)2·9H2O).

Strontium nitrate
Strontium nitrate is an inorganic compound composed of the elements strontium, nitrogen and oxygen with the formula Sr(NO3)2.  This colorless solid is used as a red colorant and oxidizer in pyrotechnics.
Internal thoracic artery
The internal thoracic artery (ITA), also known as the internal mammary artery, is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.

Sternum
The sternum (pl.: sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word sternum originates from Ancient Greek στέρνον (stérnon) 'chest'.
Marilyn Cochran
Marilyn Cochran Brown (born February 5, 1950) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States.

The eldest of four siblings of the "Skiing Cochrans" family of Richmond, Vermont, she became the first American to win a discipline championship in the World Cup, triumphing in giant slalom at age 19 in 1969. The next year, she won a bronze medal in the combined at the World Championships.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1970
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1970 were held from 8 to 15 February in Gröden/Val Gardena, Italy.

For the only time, results from a World Championships were included in the World Cup points standings, then in its fourth season. Two seasons earlier, results from the Winter Olympics (concurrent World Championships) were also included in the World Cup standings.

The French team again led with ten medals: three gold, five silver, and two bronze.
Hans J. Baer
Hans Julius Baer (26 September 1927 – 21 March 2011) was a Swiss banker who served as partner, president of the executive board and chairman of Julius Baer Group, founded by his grandfather, Julius Baer. He also served as advocate and mediator in retrieving lost Jewish funds in the Volcker Commission in the 1990s.

Julius Baer Group
Julius Baer Group Ltd. (German: Julius Bär Gruppe AG) is a Swiss multinational private banking and financial services firm headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland. Specializing in wealth management, investment advisory services, real estate financing, and selective trading services, it is one of the world’s largest dedicated private banks, with CHF 497.4 billion in managed  assets as of 2024. It  is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (ticker: BAER) and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index Mid (SMI MID).

Founded in 1890, the bank originated as a family-run exchange office and later evolved into a public company. It operates in 28 countries and employs more than 7,500 staff globally. Julius Baer is noted for its traditional Swiss banking values, including a strong emphasis on client confidentiality.

In recent years, the company's reputation has been impacted by several legal and regulatory controversies.
Frank Amato
Frank Amato (/ˈɑːmətoʊ/ AH-mə-toh, Italian: [aˈmaːto]; disappeared September 20, 1980, pronounced legally dead 1985) was a Sicilian-American mafioso who was the son-in-law of Gambino crime family boss Paul Castellano.

Anthony Gaggi
Anthony Frank Gaggi (born Antonino Frank Gaggi; August 7, 1925 – April 17, 1988), better known as Nino Gaggi, was an American mobster who was a caporegime in the  Gambino crime family of New York City. Based in Canarsie, Brooklyn, Gaggi was a criminal mentor to Roy DeMeo and a longtime partner of the infamous DeMeo crew.
Morgan Ciprès
Morgan Ciprès (born 24 April 1991) is a French former competitive pair skater. With partner Vanessa James, born in Scarborough, Ontario, Canada, he is the 2019 European Champion, the 2018 World bronze medalist, the 2017 European bronze medalist, the 2018 Grand Prix Final champion and a six-time French national champion. They have also won medals in Grand Prix and Challenger Series competitions.  James and Ciprès represented France at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics.

2018–19 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2018–19 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final  took place from 6 to 9 December 2018 at the Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The combined event was the culmination of two international series — the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.
Klazomania
Klazomania (from Greek κλάζω, klazo 'scream') refers to compulsive shouting; it has features resembling the complex tics such as echolalia, palilalia and coprolalia seen in tic disorders, but has been seen in people with encephalitis lethargica, alcohol use disorder, and carbon monoxide poisoning. It was first reported by László (Ladislaus) Benedek in 1925 in a patient with postencephalitic parkinsonism.  Little is known about the condition, and few cases have been reported.

Palilalia
Palilalia, a complex tic, is a language disorder characterized by the involuntary repetition of syllables, words, or phrases. It has features resembling other complex tics such as echolalia or coprolalia, but, unlike other aphasias, palilalia is based upon contextually correct speech.

It was originally described by Alexandre-Achille Souques in a patient with a stroke that resulted in left-side hemiplegia, although a condition described as auto-echolalia in 1899 by Édouard Brissaud may have been the same condition.
Interrupted aortic arch
Interrupted aortic arch is a very rare heart defect (affecting 3 per million live births) in which the aorta is not completely developed. There is a gap between the ascending and descending thoracic aorta. In a sense it is the complete form of a coarctation of the aorta. Almost all patients also have other cardiac anomalies, including a ventricular septal defect (VSD), aorto-pulmonary window, and truncus arteriosus. There are three types of interrupted aortic arch, with type B being the most common. Interrupted aortic arch (especially Type B) is often associated with DiGeorge syndrome.

Thoracic aorta
The thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the aortic arch. It is located within the posterior mediastinal cavity, but frequently bulges into the left pleural cavity. The descending thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it becomes the abdominal aorta.

At its commencement, it is situated on the left of the vertebral column; it approaches the median line as it descends; and, at its termination, lies directly in front of the column.

The thoracic aorta has a curved shape that faces forward, and has small branches. It has a radius of approximately 1.16 cm.
Hello Singapore
Hello Singapore (Chinese: 獅城有約) is a news/current affairs programme produced by Mediacorp Channel 8.

The show replaced the current weekday broadcast of Singapore Today as well as half of the 7.00pm drama timeslot, airing weekdays from 6.30pm, premiering together with half-hour drama programme, Big Biz Duel.

Till 7 February 2025, a repeat telecast of "Crosstalks" and the topic of the day will also be available the next weekday, 7.30am to 8.00am.

Hello Singapore ended its broadcast at Caldecott Hill on 10 March 2017. On 13 March 2017, it was then moved to Mediacorp Campus at 1 Stars Avenue.

The show went through a revamp from 10 Feb 2025, with a new second segment aired at 7pm "Talk of the Town" (獅城熱話) hosted by Chua Qin Kai and Lim Pei Fen on a rotational basis. The number of presenters has also been reduced from 2 to 1 for this segment. A repeat telecast of this segment will also be available on the next weekday, 9.00am to 9.30am starting 21 July 2025, taking over Morning Express.

Channel 8 (Singaporean TV channel)
Channel 8 (Chinese: 8頻道) is a Singaporean Mandarin-language free-to-air terrestrial television channel in Singapore, owned by state media conglomerate Mediacorp. The channel broadcasts general entertainment and news programming in the Mandarin language, including original and imported programming.

The channel began a series of experimental broadcasts on 31 August 1963, and officially launched on 22 November 1963. As with its sister Channel 5, the channel initially aired programming in all four of Singapore's official languages, with Channel 8 initially having a particular focus on the Chinese and Tamil communities. In 1973, this scope was formalised, with Channel 8 primarily broadcasting Chinese and Tamil-language programmes. In compliance with the government's Speak Mandarin Campaign, Chinese programming on the channel later broadcast solely in Mandarin Chinese. In 1995, Tamil programmes moved to Prime 12, with Channel 8 focusing exclusively on Mandarin programming.
Abdullah al-Ghudayyan
Abdullah ibn Abdur-Rahman al-Ghudayyan (1926 – 1 June 2010) was a Saudi Arabian Islamic scholar, a leading proponent of the Salafi form of Islam and a member of the Saudi Council of Senior Scholars. His ancestry was of the tribe of Banu Anbar.

Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia)
The Council of Senior Scholars (Arabic: هيئة كبار العلماء, romanized: Hay'at Kibar al-‘Ulama), also known as the Senior Council of Ulama, is the highest religious authority in Saudi Arabia, and serves as an advisory body to the king on religious matters. Members of the council is appointed by the king and receive salaries from the government. As of 2024, the council consists of 21 members.

King Fahd continued the practice established by his predecessors of meeting weekly with council members who residing in the capital, Riyadh.  In 2010, King Abdullah decreed that only members of the Council and a select group of other Islamic scholars were authorized to issue fatwas in Saudi Arabia.
Batasan station
Batasan station is an under-construction Metro Rail Transit (MRT) station located on the MRT Line 7 (MRT-7) system in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Philippines. It is near the Sandiganbayan Centennial Building, Public Attorney's Office Building, Batasan TODA Terminal, the Commission on Audit Complex and the Batasan Pambansa Complex. It is the ninth station for trains headed towards the North Triangle Common Station and the sixth station for trains headed to San Jose del Monte.

Batasang Pambansa Complex
The Batasang Pambansa Complex, or simply the Batasan (lit. 'legislature'), is the seat of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. It is located along the Batasan Road in Batasan Hills, Quezon City.

The complex was initially the home of the Batasang Pambansa, the former legislature of the Philippines which was established as an interim assembly in 1978 and finally as an official body in 1984. Under the 1973 Constitution, it replaced the bicameral Congress of the Philippines established under the 1935 Constitution.

When the bicameral Congress was restored in 1987, the complex was set aside as the home of the House of Representatives. The main building of the complex is still often referred to as the Batasang Pambansa.

The Senate, the upper house of Congress, does not meet in the Batasan, but in the GSIS Building across Metro Manila in Pasay.
Horace Ward
Horace Taliaferro Ward (July 29, 1927 – April 23, 2016) was a lawyer, state legislator, and judge in Georgia. He challenged the racially discriminatory practices at the University of Georgia School of Law and was the first African American to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. He served in the Georgia Senate from 1965 to 1974.

Georgia State Senate
The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The Georgia State Senate and the lower house of the General Assembly, the Georgia House of Representatives, comprise the bicameral legislature of the state. Combined, the Senate and the House maintain authority under Article III. of the 1983 Constitution of Georgia to enact laws "necessary and proper for the welfare of the state", although state law is subordinate to the state constitution, the United States Constitution, and federal law.

Like most upper houses in the United States, the Senate has the exclusive power to confirm various appointments made by the governor of Georgia, and to try cases of impeachment brought by the House. The Senate is often considered a springboard for those ultimately seeking higher office; all of the state's most recent governors have served in the State Senate.
GPS Exchange Format
GPS Exchange Format (GPX) is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks, and routes. It is an open format and can be used without the need to pay license fees. Location data (and optionally elevation, time, and other information) is stored in tags and can be interchanged between GPS devices and software. Common software applications for the data include viewing tracks projected onto various map sources, annotating maps, and geotagging photographs based on the time they were taken.

Waypoint
A waypoint is a point or place on a route or line of travel, a stopping point, an intermediate point, or point at which course is changed, the first use of the term tracing to 1880. In modern terms, it most often refers to coordinates which specify one's position on the globe at the end of each "leg" (stage) of a journey.

Hence, the term connotes a reference point in physical space, most often associated with navigation. For example, in the case of sea navigation, a waypoint could mark the longitudinal and latitudinal coordinate or a GPS point in open water, a location near a known mapped shoal or other entity in a body of water, a point a fixed distance off of a geographical entity such as a lighthouse or harbor entrance, etc. In air navigation, waypoints most often consist of a series of abstract GPS points that create artificial airways—"highways in the sky"—created specifically for purposes of air navigation that have no clear connection to features of the real world.
2009 Tennessee Titans season
The 2009 Tennessee Titans season was the 50th season for the original American Football League (AFL) team, their 40th in the National Football League (NFL), and 13th in Tennessee. The Titans aimed to equal or improve on their 2008 NFL-best 13–3 record; however, they lost the first six games of the season. The Titans switched to Vince Young as starting quarterback and won eight out of their remaining ten games, losing only to the Indianapolis Colts and San Diego Chargers. The 42–17 loss to the Chargers in Week 16 eliminated the team from playoff contention for the first time since 2006.

Second-year running back Chris Johnson won the NFL rushing title with 2,006 rushing yards, and set the NFL record for most yards from scrimmage in a single season, with 2,509.

From 2009 to 2016, the Titans would fail to qualify for the playoffs.

As a side note, the Titans became the first, and, as of 2020, only team in NFL history to lose their first 6 games, then win their next 5.

2009 San Diego Chargers season
The 2009 season was the San Diego Chargers' 40th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 50th since becoming founding members of the American Football League. The Chargers improved upon their regular season record of 8–8 in 2008 and won their division for the fourth straight year and fifth time in six seasons. They finished the regular season with a 13–3 record, the second best winning percentage in franchise history but were upset in the Divisional Playoffs by the New York Jets. It was also Norv Turner's best regular season record as head coach. Also, this was the end of an era as future Hall of Fame running back LaDainian Tomlinson joined the New York Jets following the season, ending his 9-year tenure as a Charger. As of 2025, this is the most recent division title for the Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers franchise.
Ira (film)
Ira (transl. Victim) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film directed by Saiju S. S., written by Naveen John, and produced by Vysakh and Udaykrishna under the banner of Vysakh Udaykrishna Productions, and distributed by Udaykrishna. It stars Unni Mukundan and Gokul Suresh with Miya, Niranjana, Neeraja Das, Lena, Kailash and Shankar Ramakrishnan in supporting roles.

Principal photography began on 1 November 2017. The film was released in India on 16 March 2018 and was a success at the box office.

Miya George
Gimi George, better known by her stage name Miya George, is an Indian actress and model who predominantly works in Malayalam films, along with a few Tamil films. 
She made her film debut by playing short roles in films such as Oru Small Family (2010), Doctor Love (2011) and Ee Adutha Kaalathu (2012). She was selected the Kerala Miss Fitness in 2012 and played her first lead role the same year in the Malayalam film Chettayees.