hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spray foam
Spray foam (expanding foam in the UK) is a chemical product used in construction and engineering primarily as insulation and as a filler material. It is produced as a liquid but quickly expands and hardens into a stiff, lightweight structure. It is created by a chemical reaction of two component parts, commonly referred to as side A and side B. Side A contains very reactive chemicals known as  isocyanate. Side B contains a polyol, which reacts with isocyanates to make polyurethane, and a mixture of other chemicals, including catalysts (which help the reaction to occur), flame retardant, blowing agents and surfactants. These react when mixed with each other and expand up to 30-60 times its liquid volume after it is sprayed in place. This expansion makes it useful as a specialty packing material which forms to the shape of the product being packaged and produces a high thermal insulating value with virtually no air infiltration.

Glass wool
Glass wool is an insulating material made from glass fiber arranged using a binder into a texture similar to wool. The process traps many small pockets of air between the glass, and these small air pockets result in high thermal insulation properties. Glass wool is produced in rolls or slabs, with different thermal and mechanical properties. It may also be produced as a material that can be sprayed or applied in place, on the surface to be insulated. The modern method for producing glass wool was invented by Games Slayter while he was working at the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. (Toledo, Ohio). He first applied for a patent for a new process to make glass wool in 1933.
Mugdock
Mugdock is a hamlet in Stirlingshire, Scotland. It lies to the south of the village of Strathblane, and was in the civil parish.

In the past the hamlet had more significance. It was considered the main village of the civil parish of Strathblane. However, since the 19th century it has shrunk down to a small collection of houses. This means that Mugdock is now a hamlet.

In the year 750 a battle was recorded in the Annals of Ulster as having taken place 'between the Picts and the Britons'. Talorgan, son of Uurgust, brother of Unust King of the Picts, died there. The battle is also recorded by the medieval Welsh text Annales Cambriae which names the battle site as Mocetauc. This is fairly plausibly explained as Mugdock, which lies roughly in the area where the ancient Pictish and Breton kingdoms must have met.

Despite being located in Stirlingshire, it has a G62 postcode.

Mugdock Country Park is located outside of the hamlet.

Stirlingshire
Stirlingshire or the County of Stirling (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Sruighlea [ˈʃirˠəxk ˈs̪t̪ɾuʝlə]) is a historic county and registration county of Scotland. Its county town is Stirling.

It borders Perthshire to the north, Clackmannanshire to the east, West Lothian to the south-east, Lanarkshire to the south, and Dunbartonshire to the south and south-west (this latter boundary is split in two owing to Dunbartonshire's Cumbernauld exclave).
Samsung NX300M
The Samsung NX300M is a rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless camera announced by Samsung on January 3, 2013. It was the first consumer product based on the Tizen operating system. Its other upgrades over the NX300 model include increased rotation range for the tiltable display, allowing it to be put into a 180 degree "selfie" position. It was initially on sale in South Korea only, and its containing the Tizen operating system was not revealed until almost a month later.

Samsung NX300
The Samsung NX300 is a mirrorless interchangeable lens digital camera a part of Samsung NX series and a successor to Samsung NX210. It was announced in Jan 2013 along with 45mm f/1.8 2D/3D lens and is the first single-lens system capable of capturing 3D photos or Full HD movies (See Stereo camera#Use of one camera and one lens).

In 2013 NX300 was named the best advanced mirrorless camera by TIPA (Best CSC Advanced, 2013).
Flagellant
Flagellants are practitioners of a form of mortification of the flesh by whipping their skin with various instruments of penance. Many Christian confraternities of penitents have flagellants, who beat themselves, both in the privacy of their dwellings and in public processions, to repent of sins and share in the Passion of Jesus.

In the 14th century, a movement within Western Christianity known as Flagellantism became popular and adherents "began beating their flesh in a public penitential ritual in response to war, famine, plague and fear engendered by millenarianism." Though this movement withered away, the practices of public repentance and promoting peace were adopted by the flagellants in Christian, especially Roman Catholic, confraternities of penitents that exist to the present-day.

Penitentes (New Mexico)
Los Hermanos de la Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno (Spanish: 'The Brothers of the Pious Fraternity of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene'), also known as Los Penitentes, Los Hermanos, the Brotherhood of our Father Jesus of Nazareth and the Penitente Brotherhood, is a lay confraternity of Spanish-American Catholic men active in Northern and Central New Mexico and southern Colorado. They maintain religious meeting buildings, which are not formal capillas (or Church parishes, or churches), called moradas.
Unicode Consortium
The Unicode Consortium (legally Unicode, Inc.) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated and based in Mountain View, California, U.S. Its primary purpose is to maintain and publish the Unicode Standard which was developed with the intention of replacing existing character encoding schemes that are limited in size and scope, and are incompatible with multilingual environments.

Unicode's success at unifying character sets has led to its widespread adoption in the internationalization and localization of software. The standard has been implemented in many technologies, including XML, the Java programming language, Swift, and modern operating systems.

Members are usually but not limited to computer software and hardware companies with an interest in text-processing standards, including Adobe, Apple, Meta, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce. Technical decisions relating to the Unicode Standard are made by the Unicode Technical Committee (UTC).

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Big Rock Formation
The Big Rock Formation is a formation that crops out in the Tusas Mountains of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology gives a maximum age for the formation of 1665 Mya, corresponding to the Statherian period.

Detrital zircon geochronology
Detrital zircon geochronology is a scientific technique for understanding the age and provenance of sedimentary deposits. To determine the age of zircons deposited within a specific sedimentary unit, mass spectrometry is used to measure the abundance of radioisotopes in the grains, most commonly the uranium–lead ratio. Zircon is a common accessory or trace mineral constituent of most granite and felsic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness, durability and chemical inertness, zircon persists in sedimentary deposits and is a common constituent of most sands. Zircons contain trace amounts of uranium and thorium and can be dated using several modern analytical techniques.

Detrital zircon geochronology has become increasingly popular in geological studies from the 2000s mainly due to the advancement in radiometric dating techniques. Detrital zircon age data can be used to constrain the maximum depositional age, determine provenance, and reconstruct the tectonic setting on a regional scale.
CB4
CB4 is a 1993 American satirical mockumentary black comedy film directed by Tamra Davis and starring Chris Rock. The film follows a fictional rap group named "CB4", named after the prison block in which the group was allegedly formed (Cell Block 4). The movie primarily parodies gangsta rap and the rap group N.W.A, as well as taking inspiration from This Is Spinal Tap. It contains short segments featuring celebrities and musicians such as Halle Berry, Eazy-E, Butthole Surfers, Ice-T, Ice Cube, Flavor Flav, and Shaquille O'Neal.

Flavor Flav
William Jonathan Drayton Jr. (born March 16, 1959), known by his stage name Flavor Flav. (/ˈfleɪvər ˌfleɪv/ FLAY-vər FLAYV), is an American rapper and television personality. Known for his catchphrase "Yeah, boyeeeeee!" when performing, he is a founding member alongside Chuck D, of Public Enemy, a rap group that has earned six Grammy Award nominations. He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

After spending several years out of the limelight, Flav starred in multiple VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love, and Flavor of Love.
URO VAMTAC
The URO VAMTAC (Vehículo de Alta Movilidad Táctico, "High Mobility Tactical Vehicle") is a Spanish four-wheel drive military vehicle manufactured by UROVESA. Externally it is similar in appearance and design to the Humvee of the United States Military due to similar requirements. More than 2,000 of the vehicles have been delivered to the Spanish Armed Forces. Several other countries operate the VAMTAC as well, and it has seen in service most recently in Afghanistan and Syria. The vehicle comes in three models, named I3, S3 and ST5, and has several configurations.

Spanish Armed Forces
The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Constitution of 1978. They are composed of: the Army, the Air and Space Force, the Navy, the Royal Guard, and the Military Emergencies Unit, as well as the so-called Common Corps.

Spain occupies a prominent position in the structure of NATO, which it joined in 1982. Nevertheless, it spends less than the minimum of 2% of GDP on defence recommended by NATO.

Spain has the oldest Marine Infantry in the world and the oldest permanent military units in the world: the Infantry Regiment "Inmemorial del Rey" No. 1 and the Infantry Regiment "Soria" No. 9.
Tiphaine Samoyault
Tiphaine Samoyault (June 1968, Boulogne-Billancourt) is a French university lecturer, literary critic, and novelist, specializing in the work of Roland Barthes. She is the niece of harpsichordist Blandine Verlet and writer, academic and psychoanalyst Agnès Verlet. In 2015, she received the Grand Prize in Non-Fiction from the Société des gens de lettres.

Société des gens de lettres
The Société des gens de lettres de France (SGDLF; French: [sɔsjete dɛ ʒɑ̃ də lɛtʁ də fʁɑ̃s]; lit. 'Society of People of Letters of France') is a French writers' association founded in 1838 to defend and promote authors' rights. It provides legal and other support for its members and awards a number of significant prizes to French and francophone writers every year.
Sir Griffith Williams, 1st Baronet
Sir Griffith Williams, 1st Baronet (died 1663) of Penrhyn, Carnarvonshire, was Sheriff of Carnarvonshire in 1650–1651, and held the unusual distinction of being granted a baronetcy by both the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II.

Lord Protector
Lord Protector (plural: Lords Protector) is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes used to refer to holders of other temporary posts; for example, a regent acting for the absent monarch.
Renate Brausewetter
Renate Brausewetter (Málaga, 1 October 1905 – Linz am Rhein, 20 August 2006) was a Spanish-born German silent film actress.  She was the younger sister of famous German actor Hans Brausewetter.

Brausewetter was born in Málaga, Spain, moving to Berlin, Germany in 1915.  She made her screen debut in 1925's Die freudlose Gasse (The Joyless Street), appearing alongside Greta Garbo.  Brausewetter appeared in over a dozen silent films, but retired from acting in 1928 before the advent of sound.  She appeared in only one sound picture, 1950's The Staircase.

Brausewetter was living in a retirement home in Linz am Rhein when she died of natural causes on 20 August 2006, aged 100. She is buried in the English Cemetery in Málaga.

Linz am Rhein
Linz am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪnts ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Linz on the Rhine') is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the river Rhine near Remagen, approx. 25 km southeast of Bonn and has about 6,000 inhabitants. It is the sister city of Marietta, Georgia in the United States, Linz in Austria and Pornic in France.

Linz is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Linz am Rhein.

The town is also a destination for tourists thanks to its location next to the Rhine river and its colorful half-timbered houses.
Welcome to My Party (song)
"Welcome to My Party" is the fourteenth single by the Dutch girl group Luv', released in the autumn of 1989 by Dureco/High Fashion. This song appears on the 1989 EP For You and is the group's comeback record since their 1981 single Tingalingaling. It was recorded by a line-up consisting of Marga Scheide (the only original Luv' singer) and two new members, Michelle Gold and Diana van Berlo.

Dureco
Dureco is a Dutch independent record label based in the Netherlands. Over the years many artists and groups such as the Amboina Serenaders, Judy Cheeks, Jules de Corte, De Dijk, Jef Elbers, Gotcha!, Samantha Jones, Ming Luhulima, the Mena Moeria Minstrels, Liz Mitchell, Julian Sas, Luv', Roger Peterson and Rene van Helsdingen have had their work released through Dureco.
Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening
Cologne, the Arrival of a Packet Boat in the Evening is an 1826 landscape painting by the British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner. It shows a scene as the Rhine River passes through the city of Cologne as a packet boat arrives. Visible on the skyline to the right is Great St. Martin Church, Cologne.

It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's 1826 Summer Exhibition at Somerset House along with the artist's Mortlake Terrace. Today it is in the Frick Collection in New York.

Mortlake Terrace: Early Summer Morning
Mortlake Terrace: Early Summer Morning is an 1826 landscape painting by British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner. Turner was commissioned by William Moffat, the owner of Mortlake Terrace, to paint two views of the house. Mortlake Terrace is located on Mortlake High Street with the River Thames to its rear. The painting looks eastward along the Thames, with Barnes Terrace in the distance. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy's 1826 Summer Exhibition at Somerset House.

It is now in the Frick Collection in New York. 
A companion piece, looking westwards from the house along the Thames, is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington.
Houmochen Chong
Houmochen Chong (513–563), courtesy name Shangle, was a Xianbei military general of the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou during the Northern and Southern dynasties. He joined Erzhu Rong's army at a young age, and during Erzhu Tianguang and Heba Yue's expedition in the Guanzhong region, he personally captured the rebel leader, Moqi Chounu in battle. Houmochen later joined Yuwen Tai, who founded the Western Wei, and further distinguished himself in campaigns against Houmochen Yue and the Eastern Wei before eventually becoming one of the Eight Zhuguo (八柱國) in 549. He continued to hold important civil positions under the Northern Zhou, but in 563, he was forced to commit suicide after he spread a prophecy that the regent, Yuwen Hu would die that year.

Eastern Wei
Wei (/weɪ/), known in historiography as the Eastern Wei (simplified Chinese: 东魏; traditional Chinese: 東魏; pinyin: Dōng Wèi), was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei dynasty. One of the Northern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, the Eastern Wei ruled the eastern part of northern China from 534 to 550 AD. As with the Northern Wei, the ruling family of the Eastern Wei were members of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei.
Chaurahen
Chaurahen is an Indian drama film directed by Rajshree Ojha, starring Zeenat Aman, Roopa Ganguly, Soha Ali Khan and Kiera Chaplin in the leading roles. The film was based on four short stories of eminent Hindi novelist Nirmal Verma. Shooting was completed in 2007 but the film was shelved due to financial problems. The film was finally released on 16 March 2012 through PVR Pictures.

PVR Inox Pictures
PVR INOX Pictures Limited is the film distribution arm of PVR INOX, which also owns PVR Cinemas and INOX Leisure, two of the largest multiplex companies in India. It was earlier named PVR Pictures, but post the merger with INOX Leisure, it was rebranded as PVR INOX Pictures in 2023.
The Garden Murder Case (film)
The Garden Murder Case is a 1936 American mystery drama film, the tenth in the Philo Vance film series, following after 1935's The Casino Murder Case.  In this entry to the series, Vance is played by Edmund Lowe, and Virginia Bruce co-stars. The film also features Benita Hume, Douglas Walton, and Nat Pendleton. It was directed by Edwin L. Marin from a screenplay by Bertram Millhauser based on the 1935 book of the same name by S. S. Van Dine.

Douglas Walton (actor)
Douglas Walton (born John Douglas Duder; October 17, 1909 – November 15, 1961) was a Canadian-born American actor who worked in American films during the 1930s and 1940s. He appeared in 60 films between 1931 and 1950.
Elizabeth Inness-Brown
Elizabeth Inness-Brown is an American novelist, short story writer, educator, and contributing editor at Boulevard.  She is a retired professor of English at Saint Michael’s College in Colchester, Vermont and lives in South Hero, Vermont—one of three islands comprising Grand Isle County—with her husband and son. Inness-Brown has published a novel, Burning Marguerite, as well as two short story collections, titled Here and Satin Palms.  Her stories and essays have appeared in The New Yorker, North American Review, Boulevard, Glimmer Train, Madcap Review, and various other journals. Inness-Brown received a National Endowment for the Arts grant for Writing in 1983 and has done writing residencies at Yaddo and The Millay Colony for the Arts. In 1982, her short story "Release, Surrender" appeared in Volume VII of the Pushcart Prize.

Glimmer Train
Glimmer Train was an American short story literary journal. It was published quarterly, accepting works primarily from emerging writers. Stories published in Glimmer Train were listed in The Best American Short Stories, as well as appearing in the Pushcart Prize, The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories, and anthologies for New Stories from the Midwest, New Stories from the South, and Best American Short Stories. The journal held 12 short story fiction contests a year, paying out over $50,000 on an annual basis.
Supraśl
Supraśl ([ˈsupraɕl]; Belarusian: Су́прасль; Lithuanian: Supraslė) is a spa town and former episcopal see in Białystok County, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the Gmina Supraśl.

It is situated on the Supraśl River, about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) northeast of Białystok. Its population is 4,526 (2004).

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
The Blonde Saint
The Blonde Saint is a 1926 American silent romantic adventure film directed by Svend Gade. It was produced by Sam E. Rork and released through First National Pictures. Lewis Stone and Doris Kenyon star and young newcomer Gilbert Roland is featured.

The plot of the film bears a striking resemblance to the plot of the Warner Brothers talkie, One Way Passage (1932), although this silent film appears to have been more exotic.

One Way Passage
One Way Passage is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic film starring William Powell and Kay Francis as star-crossed lovers, directed by Tay Garnett and released by Warner Bros. Pictures. The screenplay by Wilson Mizner and Joseph Jackson is based on a story by Robert Lord, who won the Academy Award for Best Story.
Selim Pacolli
Selim Isa Pacolli (born 21 September 1969) is a Kosovo politician of Albanian nationality (ethnic nationality) who serves as the Deputy Mayor of Pristina since 27 December 2017. Pacolli, from 2011 to 2018 was the General Director of Swiss Diamond Prishtina.

Swiss Diamond Prishtina
The Swiss Diamond Hotel Prishtina is a luxury five star Hotel in Pristina, Kosovo. It is located on Sheshi Nëna Terezë, the main boulevard in the central district of the city.

The Hotel is internationally awarded with the International Star Diamond Award from the American Academy of Hospitality Sciences for its luxurious ambiance and the personalized services offered.
2018 Eliteserien
The 2018 Eliteserien was the 74th completed season of top-tier football in Norway. This was second season of Eliteserien as rebranding from Tippeligaen.

The season began on 11 March and ended 24 November 2018, not including play-off matches. Fixtures for the 2018 season were announced on 19 December 2017. Rosenborg were the defending champions, while Bodø/Glimt, Start and Ranheim entered as the promoted teams from the 2017 1. divisjon.

Rosenborg won their fourth consecutive title, their 26th top-flight title overall, with one match to spare following a 1–0 away win against Start on 11 November 2018.

Ranheim Fotball
Ranheim Fotball is a Norwegian football club from Ranheim in Trondheim that currently plays in 1. divisjon, the second tier in the Norwegian football league system. Ranheim is the football department of Ranheim IL, founded on 17 February 1901.
Friary Park
Friary Park is a 9-hectare (22-acre) formal Edwardian park in Friern Barnet in the London Borough of Barnet. The park opened to the public in 1910, and the facilities include a cafe, playground and skatepark. It is a Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation, and contains three redwood trees and a small stream. It is next to North Middlesex Golf Course, which contains the North Middlesex Golf Course Ponds nature reserve; this is not open to the public.

Skatepark
A skatepark, or skate park, is a specially designed recreational space for activities such as skateboarding, BMX, scootering, WCMX (wheelchair motocross) and aggressive inline skating. A skatepark may contain half-pipes, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, stairsets, quarter pipes, ledges, spine transfers, pyramids, banked ramps, full pipes, pools, bowls, snake runs, and any number of other objects.