hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crêtois
The Crêtois was a nickname given to the remaining Montagnard deputies of the National Convention during Year III of the French First Republic (1794–1795). Dwindling in number, they attempted to oppose the Thermidorian Reaction during the French Revolution.

They participated in the insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III (1 April 1795) and the insurrection of 1 Prairial Year III (20 May 1795), attempting to regain power from The Plain and, more broadly, from the Thermidorians.

The Crêtois were expelled from the National Convention and faced harsh treatment, including executions and deportations. Some, such as Gilbert Romme, Ernest Dominique François Joseph Duquesnoy, and Jean-Marie Goujon, committed suicide.

Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon
Jean Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon (13 April 1766, Bourg-en-Bresse – 17 June 1795, Paris) was a politician of the French Revolution.  He was a member of the National Convention from 1793 to 1795, was sentenced to death after the Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III and committed suicide before he could be executed.
Bartella
Bartella (Syriac: ܒܪܛܠܐ; Arabic: برطلّة) is a town that is located in the Nineveh Plains in northern Iraq, about 21 kilometres (13 miles) east of Mosul.

Bartella was liberated from ISIL control on October 20, 2016 by Iraqi Special Operations Forces along with the Nineveh Plain Protection Units and PMF Brigade 30, who both currently control and run the city's security.

The town is populated by Assyrian Christians and Shabaks. The town had an Assyrian Christian majority prior to the Northern Iraq offensive of ISIL, while the Shabak population has risen to at least 35% of the population or a majority.

Shabaks
Shabaks (Arabic: الشبك, Kurdish: شەبەک, romanized: Şebek) are a group native to the Nineveh Plains in Iraq. They speak Shabaki, a branch of the Zaza–Gorani languages, and largely follow Shia Islam. Their ethnic origin is uncertain and disputed, although they were largely considered Kurds by scholars.
Copernicus Festival
Copernicus Festival is a science festival held every May in Kraków, Poland. It was founded in 2014 and provides lectures, discussions, workshops, film screenings and exhibitions focusing on neuroscience, evolutionary biology, physics, law, and philosophy at various venues in the city. The event is organized by the Copernicus Center and the Tygodnik Powszechny Foundation.

The majority of events are free of charge to promote accessibility.

Tygodnik Powszechny
Tygodnik Powszechny (Polish pronunciation: [tɨˈɡɔdɲik pɔˈfʂɛxnɨ], The Common Weekly) is a Polish Roman Catholic weekly magazine, published in Kraków, which focuses on social, cultural and political issues. It was established in 1945 under the auspices of Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha. Jerzy Turowicz was its editor-in-chief until his death in 1999. He was succeeded by Adam Boniecki, a priest.

Tygodnik Powszechny often covers politics, religion, culture, society, Polish-Jewish relations and international affairs. Its foreign department publishes stories by correspondents all over the world, including Europe, the United States, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Writer and reporter Wojciech Jagielski has been a member of the international department since 2017.
Hököpinge
Hököpinge is a locality situated in Vellinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 1,105 inhabitants in 2010. It lies about 2 km north of Vellinge.

The village contains mostly older buildings along small roads. However, in the village's outer reach there are newly built four-storey buildings in "factory style" at the former factory.

In 2017, a new plan for about 100 homes, a primary school and a shop has been approved.

Vellinge
Vellinge is a locality and the seat of Vellinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 6,829 inhabitants in 2019.

It was ranked the second "best place to live" in Sweden - and the best in southern Sweden - in Fokus magazine's 2009 survey.
Mary Bono
Mary Bono Oswald (née Whitaker and formerly Mary Bono Mack, born October 24, 1961) is an American politician, businesswoman, and lobbyist who served Palm Springs and most of central and eastern Riverside County, California, in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1998 to 2013.

A member of the Republican Party, Bono was first elected to Congress in 1998 to replace her late husband, Sonny Bono, who had died in office months earlier. She sat on the Energy and Commerce Committee and was chairwoman of the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade. In 1998, Bono served on the House Judiciary Committee that approved articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton. Bono served in Congress until losing her 2012 reelection bid.

In March 2013, Bono became a senior vice president at the Washington, D.C.-based federal affairs firm Faegre Baker Daniels Consulting. In 2018, she founded the political affairs consulting firm Integritas by Bono.

United States House Committee on the Judiciary
The United States House Committee on the Judiciary, also called the House Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives. It is charged with overseeing the administration of justice within the federal courts, federal administrative agencies, and federal law enforcement entities. The Judiciary Committee is often involved in the impeachment process against federal officials. Because of the legal nature of its oversight, committee members usually have a legal background, but this is not required.

In the 119th Congress, the chair of the committee is Republican Jim Jordan of Ohio, and the ranking minority member is Democrat Jamie Raskin of Maryland.
Keweenaw Brewing Company
The Keweenaw Brewing Company (KBC) is a craft brewer with a taproom in Houghton and a production facility in nearby South Range, Michigan. It is named for the Keweenaw Peninsula, which projects out to the north of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

Established in 2004, Keweenaw is the largest brewer in the Upper Peninsula (as of 2021); their products are sold there and in the nearby states/regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Their taproom looks out over the Keweenaw Waterway and Copper Island, and their best-known beer is the Widow Maker Black Ale.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
History of Cleveland
The city of Cleveland, Ohio, was founded by General Moses Cleaveland of the Connecticut Land Company on July 22, 1796. Its central location on the southern shore of Lake Erie and the mouth of the Cuyahoga River allowed it to become a major center for Great Lakes trade in northern Ohio in the early 19th century. An important Northern city during the American Civil War, Cleveland grew into a major industrial metropolis and a gateway for European and Middle Eastern immigrants, as well as African American migrants, seeking jobs and opportunity.

For most of the 20th century, Cleveland was one of America's largest cities, but after World War II, it suffered from post-war deindustrialization and suburbanization. The city has pursued a gradual recovery since the 1980s, becoming a major national center for healthcare and the arts by the early 21st century.

Moses Cleaveland
Moses Cleaveland (January 29, 1754 – November 16, 1806) was an American lawyer, politician, soldier, and surveyor from Connecticut who founded the city of Cleveland, Ohio, while surveying the Connecticut Western Reserve in 1796. During the American Revolution, Cleaveland was the brigadier general of the Connecticut militia.
Sparganiaceae
Sparganiaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists.

The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. The family consists of only one genus Sparganium of fewer than two dozen species, perennial plants of wet habitats. By the APG III system of 2009, Sparganium had been found to be fairly closely related to Typha, and so was placed with that genus in family Typhaceae.

The Cronquist system, of 1981, also recognized such a family and placed it in the order Typhales in the subclass Commelinidae in class Liliopsida in division Magnoliophyta.

The Wettstein system, last updated in 1935, placed the family in order Pandanales.

Commelinids
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, pineapples, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots.  The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
CMB Thénia
Chabab Moustaqbal Baladiat de Thénia (Arabic: شباب مستقبل بلدية الثنية), known as CMB Thénia or CMBT for short, is an Algerian football club located in Thénia, Algeria. The club was founded in 1910 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Stade de Thénia, has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The club is currently playing the Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur.

Thénia
Thénia (الثنية), sometimes written as Thenia, with around 40,000 inhabitants, is the chief town in the daïra of the same name, in the wilaya of Boumerdès, in northern Algeria. Historically, the name is a contraction of "Theniet Beni Aicha" (ثنية بني عائشة) ("the mountain pass of the sons of Aisha"), the Arabic translation of the Kabyle Berber toponym  Tizi n At Ɛica. The steep-sided pass, which is only about 800 metres (2,600 ft) wide at its narrowest point, is sometimes taken to mark the transition between Mitidja and Grande Kabylie.
Alberto Salomón Osorio
Alberto Salomón Osorio (Callao; November 15, 1877 — Lima; April 7, 1959) was a Peruvian diplomat and politician.

He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs on three occasions, between 1920 and 1925, during the second government of Augusto B. Leguía. He is well remembered for having signed with the minister plenipotentiary of Colombia, Fabio Lozano Torrijos, the controversial Salomón-Lozano Treaty, which resolved the Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute (March 24, 1922). He was also Minister of Justice, Instruction and Worship (1919-1920), interim Minister of Finance and Commerce (1920) and interim Minister of the Navy (1921), as well as deputy and senator of the Republic.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of  economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.

The current Minister of Economy and Finance is Raúl Pérez-Reyes, serving since 13 May 2025.
Cyril Primmer
Cyril Graham Primmer (19 April 1924 – 1 November 2003) was an Australian politician. Born in Warrnambool, Victoria, he was educated at state schools before becoming a dairy farmer at Koroit. He served in the military 1943–1945, and was a member of Belfast Shire Council. In 1970, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Labor Senator for Victoria. He remained in the Senate until his retirement in 1985.

Warrnambool
Warrnambool (/ˈwɔːrnəmbuːl/ ⓘ WOR-nəm-BOOL; Maar: Peetoop or Wheringkernitch or Warrnambool) is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Warrnambool had a population of 32,894. Situated on the Princes Highway, Warrnambool (Allansford) marks the western end of the Great Ocean Road and the southern end of the Hopkins Highway.
Fabrício Simões
Fabrício Santos Simões (born 26 December 1984) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Portuguese club B-SAD.

He spent most of his career in Portugal, playing in the Primeira Liga for União Leiria, and in the second tier for seven clubs, achieving totals of 185 games and 47 goals in the latter competition. He was its top scorer in 2018–19, with 16 goals for Famalicão. He also played in Angola and Cyprus, scoring 20 times in his one year at Alki Oroklini.

U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.
Double knot
Double knot refers to a knot wound twice. See:

Double anchorman knot

Double coin knot

Double constrictor knot

Double fisherman's knot

Double overhand knot

Double torus knot

Double windsor

Karash double loop

Fisherman's knot
The fisherman's knot is a bend, in other words a knot for joining two lines. The double fisherman's knot and triple fisherman's knot versions of the knot are variations used in climbing, arboriculture, and search and rescue. The difference between the three variations is the number of turns in the overhand knots that form the completed bend.

The bend consists of two overhand knots in their strangle knot form, each tied around the standing end of the other. For the double fisherman's variation a double overhand knot is used, while the triple variation adds a third turn. The knot is known for its strength and reliability when used correctly.

The (single) fisherman's knot is also known as the angler's knot, English knot, halibut knot, waterman's knot, and true lover's knot. The double fisherman's knot is also known as a grapevine knot.
Bob Budiansky
Bob Budiansky (/bʌdiˈænski/; born March 15, 1954) is an American comic book writer, editor, and penciller, best known for his work on Marvel's Transformers comic. He also created the Marvel character Sleepwalker and wrote all 33 issues of that comic.

The Transformers (Marvel Comics)
The Transformers is an 80-issue American comic book series published by Marvel Comics telling the story of the Transformers. Originally scheduled as a four-issue miniseries, it spawned a mythology that would inform other versions of the saga.
2019 Island Games
The XVIII Island Games (officially the 2019 NatWest Island Games) were held in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar between 6 and 12 July 2019. This was the second time the territory hosted the Games, the first being in 1995.

The 2019 Games did not include archery, cycling, football, or volleyball, which had been part of all previous games since 1985, due to the lack of venues. They were replaced by tenpin bowling, judo, and squash. Gibraltar's sports facilities were greatly redeveloped throughout 2018. Cycling was subsequently included in the list of events on the Games official website, while the 2019 Inter Games Football Tournament was announced as a substitute for the lack of football.

Island Games
The Island Games are biennial international multi-sports events organised by the International Island Games Association (IIGA). Competitor teams each represent different island communities (with one team from the peninsula of Gibraltar) which are IIGA members. Currently, all competitor teams represent non-sovereign territories of European nations—some within European waters and some further overseas.

The games are being hosted by the Faroe Islands in 2027. The previous edition was the 2025, which took place in Orkney with around 2,200 competitors from 24 islands or island groups participating in 14 sports.
Fabián Vargas
Fabián Andrés Vargas Rivera  (born 17 April 1980) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent most of his professional career playing for América de Cali and Boca Juniors, making more than 100 appearances for both clubs. He also played for Internacional, Almería, AEK Athens, Independiente, Barcelona SC, Millonarios, and La Equidad. At international level, he played for the Colombia national team 41 times and also captained the side.

UD Almería
Unión Deportiva Almería, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [uˈnjon depoɾˈtiβ(a) almeˈɾi.a]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Almería, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 26 July 1989 and known as Almería Club de Fútbol until 2001, when it was renamed Unión Deportiva Almería. The club currently plays in the Segunda División, and plays their home games at the 17,400-seat capacity UD Almería Stadium.
John Bailey (cinematographer)
John Ira Bailey ASC (August 10, 1942 – November 10, 2023) was an American cinematographer and film director known for his collaborations with directors Paul Schrader, Lawrence Kasdan, Michael Apted, and Ken Kwapis. In August 2017, Bailey was elected president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was succeeded by casting director David Rubin in August 2019.

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
Rashid Nezhmetdinov
Rashid Gibyatovich Nezhmetdinov (Russian: Раши́д Гибя́тович Нежметди́нов, Tatar: Рәшит Һибәт улы Нәҗметдинов, Räşit Hibät ulı Näcmetdinov; IPA: [ræˈʃit næʑmetˈdinof]; 15 December 1912 – 3 June 1974) was a Soviet chess player, chess writer, International Master and checkers player. Although he never attained the title of Grandmaster, he was a renowned tactician and created several brilliant games. Biographer Alex Pishkin compares him to Chigorin, Réti and Spielmann.

Tigran Petrosian
Tigran Vardani Petrosian (Armenian: Տիգրան Վարդանի Պետրոսյան; Russian: Тигран Вартанович Петросян; 17 June 1929 – 13 August 1984) was a Soviet-Armenian chess grandmaster. The ninth World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969, he was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his almost-impenetrable defensive playing style, which emphasized safety above all else. Petrosian is often credited with popularizing chess in Armenia.

Petrosian was a candidate for the World Chess Championship on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the World Championship in 1963 (against Mikhail Botvinnik), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Boris Spassky), and lost it to Spassky in 1969. Thus he was the defending World Champion or a World Championship Candidate in ten consecutive three-year cycles. He won the Soviet Championship four times (1959, 1961, 1969, and 1975).
Manuel Lopes (writer)
Manuel António de Sousa Lopes (December 23, 1907 – January 25, 2005) was a Cape Verdean novelist, poet and essayist. With Baltasar Lopes da Silva and Jorge Barbosa he was a founder of the journal Claridade, which contributed to the rise of Cape Verdean literature.
Manuel Lopes wrote in Portuguese, using expressions typical for Cape Verdean Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole. He was one of those responsible for describing world calamities of the droughts that caused several deaths in São Vicente and Santo Antão.

Santo Antão, Cape Verde
Santo Antão (Portuguese for "Saint Anthony") is the northwesternmost island of Cape Verde. At 785 km2 (303 sq mi), it is the largest of the Barlavento Islands group, and the second largest island of Cape Verde.: 25  The nearest island is São Vicente to the southeast, separated by the sea channel Canal de São Vicente. Its population was 38,200 in mid 2019, making it the fourth most populous island of Cape Verde after Santiago, São Vicente and Sal. Its largest city is Porto Novo located on the southern coast (population 9,310 in 2010).
Sergei Bulygin
Sergei Ivanovich Bulygin (Russian: Серге́й Иванович Булы́гин; born 10 July 1963) is a former Soviet biathlete.  During his career he won an Olympic gold medal as part of the Soviet Union 4 × 7.5 km relay team in the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and 4 gold medals and a silver at the World Championships.

Biathlon World Championships
The first Biathlon World Championships (BWCH) was held in 1958, with individual and team contests for men. The original team event, Team (time), was held for the last time in 1965, to be replaced in 1966 by the team event, Relay (4 × 7.5 km). The number of events has grown significantly over the years. Beginning in 1984, women biathletes had their own World Championships, and finally, from 1989, both genders have been participating in joint Biathlon World Championships. In 1978 the development was enhanced by the change from the large army rifle calibre to a small bore rifle, while the range to the target was reduced from 150 to 50 meters.
Roland Pope
Roland James "Rowley" Pope (18 February 1864 – 27 July 1952) was an Australian cricketer best known for representing the Australian national cricket team in one Test match in 1885, and later also known as an ophthalmologist and philanthropist. From Sydney, New South Wales, he was selected for the Test as the result of a player strike during the English tour of Australia during the 1884–85 season, and made three runs across his two innings. Having studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Pope was head of the ophthalmology section of Sydney Hospital for a period of 17 years, and was later involved in the establishment of the library and art gallery of the City of Newcastle.

English cricket team in Australia in 1884–85
The England cricket team in Australia in 1884–85 was generally known as Alfred Shaw's XI after its main organiser. The team played 8 first-class matches, including the five matches in the Test series, winning 6 and losing 2.