hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Germany–Romania relations
Diplomatic relations between Germany and Romania began on 20 February 1880, when, following the Congress of Berlin, the German Empire recognized the independence of the Romanian United Principalities.

Romania joined the Axis powers in November 1940, but following the coup d'état of August 1944 switched sides and fought side by side with the Soviets until the Red Army reached Berlin. Between 1967 and 1989, Germany invested an estimated billion German Marks to ransom the Germans of Romania, permitting a total of 226,654 Germans to leave Communist Romania.

There is a German international school in Bucharest, Deutsche Schule Bukarest. Romania has the Romanian Cultural Institute "Titu Maiorescu" in Berlin.
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO.

1944 Romanian coup d'état
The 1944 Romanian coup d'état, better known in Romanian historiography as the Act of 23 August (Romanian: Actul de la 23 august), was a coup d'état led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. With the support of several political parties, the king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive. The Romanian Army declared a unilateral ceasefire with the Soviet Red Army on the Moldavian front, an event viewed as decisive in the Allied advances against the Axis powers in the European theatre of World War II. The coup was supported by the Romanian Communist Party, the Social Democratic Party, the National Liberal Party, and the National Peasants' Party who had coalesced into the National Democratic Bloc in June 1944.
Eastgate Consumer Mall
Eastgate Consumer Mall, originally Eastgate Shopping Center, was a shopping mall located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, at the corner of Washington Street and Shadeland Avenue. It was originally an outdoor mall featuring Sears, JCPenney, and H. P. Wasson and Company; a re-development in 1981 changed it from a conventional shopping center to an outlet mall. After years of decline, the mall closed for business in 2004 and was re-purposed as industrial space.

Outlet store
An outlet store, factory outlet or factory store is a brick and mortar or online store where manufacturers sell their merchandise directly to the public. Products at outlet stores are usually sold at reduced prices compared to regular stores due to being overstock, closeout, returned, factory seconds, or lower-quality versions manufactured specifically for outlets. Traditionally, a factory outlet was a store attached to a factory or warehouse, sometimes allowing customers to watch the production process, such as in the original L.L. Bean store. In modern usage, outlet stores are typically manufacturer-branded stores such as Gap or Bon Worth grouped together in outlet malls. The invention of the factory outlet store is often credited to Harold Alfond, founder of the Dexter Shoe Company.
SS Hsin Wah
SS Hsin Wah, now also known as the SS Xinhua, was a steamship owned by China Merchants Steam Navigation Company, navigating between Canton City, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. She was built in 1921 by Napier & Miller in Glasgow. The ship was seized by pirates of Bias Bay in 1928 and saved by the SS Zhongshan (then written Chung Shan). She sank in 1929 when grounded on northern rocks of Waglan Island south-east of Hong Kong Island, with a loss of between 300 and 400 lives.

China Merchants Group
China Merchants Group Limited (Chinese: 招商局集团; pinyin: Zhaoshangju Jituan) is a state-owned enterprise (SOE) of the People's Republic of China. The company operates under the auspices of the Chinese Ministry of Transport.

Founded in 1872 as the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company in Shanghai, the firm has developed into one of China's leading SOEs since the 1980s and has expanded its global role as a result of China's Belt and Road Initiative in the early 2010s. In the Western media, China Merchants Group is mostly known for being criticized as a tool for China's alleged debt-trap diplomacy and its legal disputes with DP World, another port operator, regarding concession rights at the Port of Djibouti.
Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets
Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets was the name of three separate ice hockey teams based at Duquesne Garden in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The original team was part of the United States Amateur Hockey Association (USAHA) from 1920 to 1925 and developed from predecessors dating back to 1915. After winning the USAHA Championship in 1924 and 1925, the ostensibly amateur (but arguably semi-professional) Yellow Jackets turned fully professional and became the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Hockey League. After the Pirates relocated in 1930 to play as the Philadelphia Quakers, a second Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets club (organized by the founder of the original club) played for two seasons in the International Hockey League, a minor professional circuit. A third Yellow Jackets team was organized at the amateur level in 1935 by John H. Harris and competed in the Eastern Amateur Hockey League before folding in 1937.

Philadelphia Quakers (NHL)
The Philadelphia Quakers were a professional ice hockey team that played only one full season in the National Hockey League (NHL), 1930–31, at the Philadelphia Arena in Philadelphia. They were the successors of the Pittsburgh Pirates.
National Recruitment Agency
National Recruitment Agency is a Central Recruitment Agency established by the Government of India, that will conduct a Common Eligibility Test (CET) for selection to all of the Group C and Group D employee posts in all central government establishments which includes all of the central public sector undertakings and all of the central autonomous bodies. NRA has representatives of Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Finance,  SSC, RRB and IBPS.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
Binary collision approximation
In condensed-matter physics, the binary collision approximation (BCA) is a heuristic used to more efficiently simulate the penetration depth and defect production by energetic ions (with kinetic energies in the kilo-electronvolt (keV) range or higher) in solids. In the method, the ion is approximated to travel through a material by experiencing a sequence of independent binary collisions with sample atoms (nuclei). Between the collisions, the ion is assumed to travel in a straight path, experiencing electronic stopping power, but losing no energy in collisions with nuclei.

Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written as electron-volt and electron volt, is a unit of measurement equivalent to the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in a vacuum. When used as a unit of energy, the numerical value of 1 eV expressed in unit of joules (symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the charge of an electron in coulombs (symbol C). Under the 2019 revision of the SI, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value 1.602176634×10−19 J.
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard unit of measure through its usefulness in electrostatic particle accelerator sciences, because a particle with electric charge q gains an energy E = qV after passing through a voltage of V.
Guntakal railway division
Guntakal railway division is one of the six divisions of South Central Railway zone (SCR) of the Indian Railways. The headquarters of the division is at Guntakal. This division is second in terms of route kilometres after Secunderabad railway division.

Guntakal will be part of South Coast Railway zone, as per the proposal in 2019.

Indian Railways organisational structure
Indian Railways is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India that operates India's national railway system. It is headed by a Railway Board whose chairman reports to the Ministry of Railways. It is organized into separate functional groups or verticals while divided into 19 operational zones geographically. Each zone, headed by a General Manager, is semi-autonomous thus creating a matrix organization where the functional branches are under dual control.
Capital Airlines (United States)
Capital Airlines was a United States trunk carrier, a scheduled airline serving the eastern, southern, southeastern, and midwestern United States. Capital's headquarters were located at Washington National Airport (now Reagan Washington National Airport) across the Potomac river from Washington, D.C., where crew training and aircraft overhauls were also accomplished. In the 1950s Capital was the fifth largest United States domestic carrier by passenger count (and sometimes by passenger-miles) after the Big Four air carriers (American, United, TWA, and Eastern).

Capital merged with United Airlines in 1961.

United Airlines
United Airlines, Inc. is a major airline in the United States headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It operates an extensive domestic and international route network across the United States and to destinations on six continents. Regional service is provided by independent carriers operating under the United Express brand, and the Star Alliance, of which United was one of the five founding airlines, extends its network throughout the world.

The principal figure behind the formation of the airline was William E. Boeing, founder of the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1916. He launched an air service between Victoria, British Columbia, and Seattle and later acquired three additional airlines, completing the merger by 1931 to form United Air Lines. Through successive mergers and acquisitions, United has remained one of the largest airlines in the world for much of its history.
Marginal rate of substitution
In economics, the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the rate at which a consumer can give up some amount of one good in exchange for another good while maintaining the same level of utility.  At equilibrium consumption levels (assuming no externalities), marginal rates of substitution are identical. The marginal rate of substitution is one of the three factors from marginal productivity, the others being marginal rates of transformation and marginal productivity of a factor.

Utility
In economics, utility is a measure of a certain person's satisfaction from a certain state of the world. Over time, the term has been used with at least two meanings.

In a normative context, utility refers to a goal or objective that we wish to maximize, i.e., an objective function. This kind of utility bears a closer resemblance to the original utilitarian concept, developed by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

In a descriptive context, the term refers to an apparent objective function; such a function is revealed by a person's behavior, and specifically by their preferences over lotteries, which can be any quantified choice.

The relationship between these two kinds of utility functions has been a source of controversy among both economists and ethicists, with most maintaining that the two are distinct but generally related.
Nizamabad Urban Development Authority
The Nizamabad Urban Development Authority (NUDA) is an urban planning agency in Nizamabad district of the Indian state of Telangana. It was set up on 10 May 2017 by the Telangana state government and has its headquarters at Nizamabad.

The urban development agency with a geographical area of 169.37 square kilometres (65.39 sq mi) spreading across Nizamabad North, South and Rural mandals of the city sees over the infrastructure development and planning for 3,14,035 urban and 3,22,781 rural residents, tallying the overall population to about 6,33,933 under the urban agglomeration.

Nizamabad Urban Assembly constituency
Nizamabad (Urban) Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one among two constituencies in the City of Nizamabad with a population of 3,11,152. It is part of Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Dhanpal Suryanarayana Gupta of Bharatiya Janata Party is currently representing the constituency.
Randy Waldrum
Randy Marlon Waldrum (born September 25, 1956) is an American former professional soccer player, current technical director of University of Pittsburgh Panthers women's soccer team, and was the head coach of the Nigeria women's national team.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
Lumbricals of the hand
The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extend the interphalangeal joints.

The lumbrical muscles of the foot also have a similar action, though they are of less clinical concern.

Interphalangeal joints of the hand
The interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand.

There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint):

"proximal interphalangeal joints" (PIJ or PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges

"distal interphalangeal joints" (DIJ or DIP), those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges

Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint.
Josh Rawlings
Joshua Robert Rawlings (born December 10, 1982, in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin) is an American pianist, songwriter and record producer. His band, The Teaching, wrote and recorded the song "Bom Bom" for the Macklemore album The Heist, which became a multiple GRAMMY winning album.

Rawlings' work with the Seattle jazz group Industrial Revelation yielded a "Seattle Stranger Genius Award". Rawlings joined with singer Allen Stone for his 2013-14 US Tour. The Josh Rawlings Trio released their album Swell at a launch party at Bake's Place in Bellevue, Washington, in November 2016, and he had an interview about his life and career in the digital entertainment magazine WE BLAB.

St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
St. Croix Falls is a city in Polk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,208 at the 2020 census. The city is located within the Town of St. Croix Falls along the St. Croix River, from which it takes its name. U.S. Route 8, Wisconsin Highway 35, and Wisconsin Highway 87 are three of the main arterial routes in the city.
Lentigo maligna
Lentigo maligna is where melanocyte cells have become malignant and grow continuously along the stratum basale of the skin, but have not invaded below the epidermis. Lentigo maligna is not the same as lentigo maligna melanoma, as detailed below. It typically progresses very slowly and can remain in a non-invasive form for years.

It is normally found in the elderly (peak incidence in the 9th decade), on skin areas with high levels of sun exposure like the face and forearms.  Incidence of evolution to lentigo maligna melanoma is low, about 2.2% to 5% in elderly patients.

It is also known as "Hutchinson's melanotic freckle". This is named for Jonathan Hutchinson.  The word lentiginous comes from the Latin for freckle.

Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Svoboda Diaries
The Svoboda Diaries are a collection of diaries kept by two members of the Svoboda family, a Christian family of European descent living in Baghdad during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Containing over 40 years of daily entries from 1862 to 1908, the diaries of Joseph Mathia Svoboda detail his life as a steamship worker on the Tigris river, his everyday affairs in the Baghdadi community, and perspectives on current events in Ottoman Iraq and the world at large.  The collection also contains a travel journal kept by Joseph's son, Alexander Richard Svoboda, while journeying overland from Baghdad to Paris as a teenager in 1897.

Although only small portions of the diaries have been published thus far, the University of Washington's Department of Middle Eastern Studies began the Svoboda Diaries Project in 2006, to publish the diaries in both electronic and print format, making them freely available to the public in partnership with Newbook Digital Texts in the Humanities.

Baghdad vilayet
33°21′0″N 44°25′0″E﻿ / ﻿33.35000°N 44.41667°E﻿ / 33.35000; 44.41667

The Vilayet of Baghdad (Arabic: ولاية بغداد; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت بغداد, romanized: 'Vilâyet-i Bagdad; Modern Turkish: Bağdat Vilâyeti) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in Ottoman Iraq, corresponding largely to modern-day central Iraq. The capital was Baghdad.

At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 54,503 square miles (141,160 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 850,000. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.
The Happets
The Happets in the Kingdom of the Sun (Spanish: La tropa de trapo en el país donde siempre brilla el sol, lit. 'The rag troop in the country where the sun always shines'; also shortened to La tròpa de trapo) is a 2010 Spanish animated film directed and produced by Àlex Colls from a script by Lola Beccaria, loosely based on a Catalan children's preschool show of the same name that aired on the Catalan TV3. It was released on 29 October 2010 in Spain, and won Best Animated Film at the 3rd Gaudí Awards.

Gaudí Awards
The Gaudí Awards (Catalan: Premis Gaudí) are the main film awards of Catalonia, celebrated annually in Barcelona. The awards were established in 2009 by the Catalan Film Academy as a continuation and expansion of the Barcelona Cinema Awards (Premis Barcelona de Cinema), originally established in 2002.

The trophy was designed by Montse Ribé and is inspired by the chimneys of Antoni Gaudí's Casa Milà.
Ike Reese
Isaiah "Ike" Reese (born October 16, 1973) is an American sports radio personality and former professional football linebacker. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons, primarily for the Philadelphia Eagles.

Reese played college football for the Michigan State Spartans and was selected by the Eagles in the fifth round of the 1998 NFL draft. He spent seven seasons with the Eagles and was a member of their 2004 NFC championship team, where he was selected to the Pro Bowl that same season as a special teamer. In 2005, Reese signed with the Atlanta Falcons, where he spent two seasons before retiring in 2007.

In 2008, Reese began a career in radio with the Philadelphia sports station WIP. He currently serves as a co-host on the WIP Afternoon Show.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
McEvoy Motorcycles
McEvoy Motorcycles was a British motorcycle manufacturer based in Derby. The company used engines from Villiers, Blackburne, British Anzani and JAP. The company ceased trading in 1929 when the financier Cecil 'Archie' Birkin was killed in an accident at the Isle of Man TT.

J. A. Prestwich Industries
J. A. Prestwich Industries, was a British engineering equipment manufacturing company named after founder John Alfred Prestwich, which was formed in 1951 by the amalgamation of J. A. Prestwich and Company Limited and Pencils Ltd.
Bertoldsbrunnen
The Bertoldsbrunnen (German pronunciation: [bɛʁtɔltsˈbʁʊnən], "Bertold's Fountain") is a monument in the historic city of Freiburg im Breisgau. It is situated at the crossing of the Salz- and Bertoldsstraße with the Kaiser-Joseph-Straße. The fountain is one of the central locations of the city. A tram station with the same name is located at the Bertoldsbrunnen, where four of the five tramways of the Freiburger Verkehrs AG stop.

Freiburger Verkehrs AG
Freiburger Verkehrs AG, also known as VAG Freiburg or just VAG, is the municipal transport company of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany and is responsible for operating the local tram network. It is a member of the  Regio-Verkehrsverbund Freiburg (RVF), a transport association that co-ordinates public transport in the city of Freiburg and the neighboring districts of Emmendingen and Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald.

Furthermore VAG owns 50% of the shares in the Breisgau S-Bahn, the other 50% are with SWEG. The company operates a regional railway network on DB Netz AG and SWEG owned tracks. The services run on short sections of the Magistrale Upper Rhine Valley Railway, together with the Elztalbahn, Kaiserstuhlbahn and Breisachbahn branch lines.

The VAG is a public limited company, whose shareholder is the city of Freiburg. In 2010 the overall loss was €7.545 million. This was accomplished by a cover ratio of 88%, which is impressively high by German public transport standards.