hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kerak Castle
Kerak Castle (Arabic: قلعة الكرك, romanized: Qal'at al-Karak) is a large medieval castle located in al-Karak, Jordan. It is one of the largest castles in the Levant. Construction began in the 1140s, under Pagan and Fulk, King of Jerusalem. The Crusaders called it Crac des Moabites or "Karak in Moab", as it is referred to in history books. It was also colloquially referred to as Krak of the Desert.

Moab
Moab (/ˈmoʊæb/) was an ancient Levantine kingdom whose territory is today located in southern Jordan. The land is mountainous and lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. The existence of the Kingdom of Moab is attested to by numerous archaeological findings, most notably the Mesha Stele, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of King Omri of Israel, an episode also noted in 2 Kings 3. The Moabite capital was Dibon. According to the Hebrew Bible, Moab was often in conflict with its Israelite neighbours to the west.
Salar language
Salar is a Turkic language spoken by the Salar people, who mainly live in the provinces of Qinghai and Gansu in China; some also live in Ili, Xinjiang. It is a primary branch and an eastern outlier of the Oghuz branch of Turkic, the other Oghuz languages being spoken mostly in West and Central Asia. The Salar number about 105,000 people, about 70,000 (2002) speak the Salar language; under 20,000 are monolinguals.

According to Salar tradition and Chinese chronicles, the Salars are the descendants of the Salur tribe, belonging to the Oghuz Turk tribe of the Western Turkic Khaganate. During the Tang dynasty, the Salur tribe dwelt within China's borders and since then has lived within the Qinghai-Gansu border region. Contemporary Salar has some influence from Mandarin Chinese and Amdo Tibetan.

Oghuz languages
The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen which, combined, account for more than 95% of speakers of this sub-branch.

Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, stated that the Oghuz language was the simplest among all Turkic languages.

Swedish turcologist and linguist Lars Johanson notes that Oghuz languages form a clearly discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked them more closely up to the modern age. Western Oghuz languages are highly mutually intelligible with each other and the Crimean Tatar language, which, though Kipchak Turkic rather than Oghuz, has been heavily influenced by Turkish over several centuries.
D' La Santa
D' La Santa is a Mexican restaurant on Seattle's Capitol Hill, in the U.S. state of Washington. Angelica Villasenor opened the steakhouse in 2017. In addition to steak, D' La Santa serves chile en nogada, cochinita pibil, guacamole, and other regional dishes. The restaurant has garnered a positive reception.

Guacamole
Guacamole (Spanish: [ɡwakaˈmole] ⓘ), sometimes informally shortened to guac in the United States, is an avocado-based dip, spread, or salad first developed in Mexico. In addition to its use in modern Mexican cuisine, it has become part of international cuisine as a dip, condiment, and salad ingredient.
Mule Train
"Mule Train" is a popular song written by Johnny Lange, Hy Heath, Ramblin' Tommy Scott and Fred Glickman. It is a cowboy song, with the singer filling the role of an Old West wagon driver, spurring on his team of mules pulling a delivery wagon. As he goes about his work, the driver mentions the various mail-order goods he is delivering to far-flung customers. "Mule Train" was originally recorded by Ellis "Buz" Butler Jr. in 1947. Butler was the original writer of the song along with Fred Glickman. The original recording was released by Buz Butler on Decca Records.

The song was featured in the 1950 Republic Western Singing Guns (where it was sung by Vaughn Monroe) and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1950, but lost out to "Mona Lisa".

Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

Vaughn Monroe
Vaughn Wilton Monroe (October 7, 1911 – May 21, 1973) was an American baritone singer, trumpeter and big band leader who was most popular in the 1940s and 1950s. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for recording and another for radio performance.
Bill Freund (historian)
William Mark Freund (6 July 1944 – 17 August 2020) was an American historian and academic, widely recognised as an authority on the economic and labour history of Africa, particularly South Africa.

A self-described materialist, Freund is best known for his book The Making of Contemporary Africa (1984), which received widespread acclaim as a comprehensive survey of the social and economic history of Africa in the colonial and post-colonial periods. He also wrote extensively on topics related to African labour and urban history.

Freund spent much of his academic career teaching at the University of Natal, which later became the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

University of Natal
The University of Natal was a university in the former South African province Natal which later became KwaZulu-Natal. The University of Natal no longer exists as a distinct legal entity, as it was incorporated into the University of KwaZulu-Natal on 1 January 2004. It was founded in 1910 as the Natal University College in Pietermaritzburg and expanded to include a campus in Durban in 1931. In 1947, the university opened a medical school for non-white students in Durban. The Pietermaritzburg campus was known for its agricultural engineering programmes, hence the nickname "the farmers" whilst the Durban campus was known as "the engineers," as it concentrated on other engineering programmes.

On 1 January 2004, the University of Natal was merged with the University of Durban-Westville to create a new legal entity called the University of KwaZulu-Natal, as part of a broader reorganisation of South African universities.
Ger O'Brien
Gerard O'Brien (born 2 July 1984) is an Irish former professional footballer who played in the League of Ireland as a defender. He is the current Director of Football at St Patrick's Athletic, who he spent 5 seasons playing with. His former clubs also include Athlone Town, Kildare County, Shamrock Rovers, Derry City, Sporting Fingal, Bohemians.

Athlone Town A.F.C.
Athlone Town Association Football Club is an Irish football club from Athlone who are playing in the League of Ireland. The club is the oldest in the League as it was founded in 1887. First elected to the League of Ireland in 1922, they play their home matches in Lissywollen, their new stadium which opened in 2007. The Athlone Town AFC Women's team were established in 2020 and have been very successful in their few shorts years, winning multiple League and Cup titles.
Michelle Biloon
Michelle Biloon is an American stand-up comic. Biloon started out in Austin, Texas and, after four years, moved to Los Angeles, then on to Philadelphia, where she currently resides and regularly performs. She has been heard on the podcasts 2 Dope Queens, Do You Need A Ride?, Comedy Bang Bang, Never Not Funny, and Doug Loves Movies. She has been featured on the TV shows Chelsea Lately, Comedy Central's Premium Blend, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and The Gong Show with Dave Attell. She produced and starred in the popular podcasts "Walking With Michelle" and “Disagree to Agree With Michelle and Martha.” She also produced and hosted "THEBILOONCAST” and “The Biloon/Forrest Project.”

Michelle has released two stand-up comedy albums with the aspecialthing records label: “You Can Be An Asshole” in 2012 and “Permanent Hat” in 2020.

Born in Fullerton, California, she mostly grew up in northwestern Wisconsin before later moving to Austin, Texas, where she established her career.

Doug Benson
Douglas Steven Benson (born July 2, 1962) is an American comedian, marijuana rights advocate, television and podcast host, and actor, best known for hosting the podcasts and TV series Doug Loves Movies (2006–present),  The Benson Interruption (2010–2013), Getting Doug with High (2013–2019) and The High Court with Doug Benson (2017). As a comedian, he has released 10 comedy albums, starting with Professional Humoredian in 2008, and has regularly appeared on TV shows including Comedy Central Presents, Best Week Ever and @midnight. In 2007, he was a contestant on the 5th season of the reality competition show Last Comic Standing.

In 2007, he starred in the film Super High Me, a documentary about marijuana usage. He has also acted in small roles in numerous TV shows, including Trailer Park Boys and You're the Worst, as well as several films, including serving as the voice of Bane in The Lego Batman Movie.
Hemang Dave
Hemang Dave is an Indian actor and singer from Gujarat, India. He works in Gujarati film. He has been a part of movies like Bey Yaar, Bas Ek Chance, Romeo & Radhika and Tamburo. His 2018 releases include Aavuj Reshe and Chhutti Jashe Chhakka. His upcoming movies are BaagadBillaa and Peti Pack.

Romeo & Radhika
Romeo & Radhika (Gujarati: રોમિયો એન્ડ રાધીકા) is a 2016 Gujarati romantic comedy film, directed by Siddharth Trivedi and produced by Suresh M. Shah. The film stars Vidhi Parikh, Tushar Sadhu, Hemang Dave, Shyam Nair. The title of the film is a wordplay on Romeo and Juliet.
Sandwich loaf
A sandwich loaf is a stacked savory party entrée made from a loaf of horizontally sliced bread. Typical fillings include egg salad, chicken salad, ham salad, tuna salad, and Cheez Whiz. While rare today, the dish was quite popular during the mid-20th century in the United States.

Cheez Whiz
Cheez Whiz is a brand of processed cheese sauce and spread produced by Kraft Foods. It was developed by a team led by food scientist Edwin Traisman (1915–2007). It was first sold in 1952, and, with some changes in formulation, continues to be in production today.

Orangish-yellow in color, it usually comes in a glass jar and is used as a topping for various foods, including corn chips and hot dogs. It is also frequently used as the cheese in a Philadelphia-style cheesesteak. It is marketed in Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, the United States, and Venezuela. In the United States, it has a reputation as being junk food.
Kris Richard (racing driver)
Kris Richard (born 20 November 1994) is a Swiss racing driver currently competing in the TCR Europe Series. Having previously competed in the World Touring Car Cup, World Touring Car Championship and European Touring Car Cup amongst others.

World Touring Car Championship
The FIA World Touring Car Championship was an international touring car championship promoted by Eurosport Events and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It has had several different incarnations, including a single season in 1987 as the World Touring Car Championship and most recently a world championship (WTCC) that has run between 2005 and 2017. Following the 2017 season, an agreement was reached for the FIA WTCC to become FIA WTCR and use the TCR technical regulations.
California Northern Railroad
The California Northern Railroad (reporting mark CFNR) is one of several Class III short-line railroad companies owned by Genesee & Wyoming, Inc. It operates over Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) tracks (now Union Pacific Railroad) under a long-term lease.

The CFNR was originally owned by the Park-Sierra Rail Group (owner David L. Parkinson of St. Helena, California), who also owned the Arizona and California Railroad and the Puget Sound and Pacific Railroad.  The CFNR was later sold to RailAmerica in 2002. Genesee & Wyoming, another shortline holding company, bought RailAmerica in December 2012.

The railroad transports mainly food and agricultural commodities, as well as stone products.  It moved around 26,000 carloads of goods in 2008.

Arizona and California Railroad
The Arizona and California Railroad (reporting mark ARZC) is a class III short line railroad that was a subdivision of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (ATSF).  The ARZC began operations on May 9, 1991, when David Parkinson of the ParkSierra RailGroup purchased the line from the Santa Fe Railway.  ParkSierra Railgroup was purchased in January 2002 by shortline railroad holding company RailAmerica. The Genesee & Wyoming shortline railroad holding company purchased RailAmerica in December 2012. ARZC's main commodities are petroleum gas, steel, and lumber; the railroad hauls around 12,000 carloads per year.
Aeridinae
In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae, and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire rostellum, a relatively small spur formed by the lip, and four (or two) pollinia.

Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family.  Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as Phalaenopsis and Vanda.

Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis (/ˌfælɪˈnɒpsɪs/), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting, flat flowers arranged in a flowering stem that often branches near the end. Orchids in this genus are native to Asia, New Guinea, and Australia, but mostly occur in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Aaron LaBerge
Aaron LaBerge is an American technology executive and the chief technology officer (CTO) of Penn Entertainment. Prior, he was the president and chief technology office of Disney Entertainment and ESPN., where he was responsible for linear and digital media distribution technology, ad technology, consumer data platforms, and the development of all streaming and consumer-facing digital products for the company globally. It was announced that he was leaving Disney on April 22, 2024.

Disney Entertainment
Disney Entertainment is one of the three major divisions of the Walt Disney Company created on February 8, 2023. It consists of the company's entertainment media and content businesses, including its motion picture film studios, television divisions and streaming services. Disney operates the largest television and films studio in Hollywood.
Cantellated 120-cell
In four-dimensional geometry, a cantellated 120-cell is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a cantellation (a 2nd order truncation) of the regular 120-cell.

There are four degrees of cantellations of the 120-cell including with permutations truncations. Two are expressed relative to the dual 600-cell.

120-cell
In geometry, the 120-cell is the convex regular 4-polytope (four-dimensional analogue of a Platonic solid) with Schläfli symbol {5,3,3}. It is also called a C120,  dodecaplex (short for "dodecahedral complex"), hyperdodecahedron, polydodecahedron, hecatonicosachoron, dodecacontachoron and hecatonicosahedroid.

The boundary of the 120-cell is composed of 120 dodecahedral cells with 4 meeting at each vertex. Together they form 720 pentagonal faces, 1200 edges, and 600 vertices. It is the 4-dimensional analogue of the regular dodecahedron, since just as a dodecahedron has 12 pentagonal facets, with 3 around each vertex, the dodecaplex has 120 dodecahedral facets, with 3 around each edge. Its dual polytope is the 600-cell.
Diary ng Panget
The Diary ng Panget (Diary of an Ugly Person) is a  tetralogy series of romantic comedy novels by a Wattpad author under the name of HaveYouSeenThisGirL. The original, unedited story was first posted on the online literary site Wattpad. The story was split into four books and topped the rankings on the bestseller's list of Philippine publications in major bookstores.

In September 2013, during the Manila International Book Fair, Viva Films announced their acquisition of the title and its long-awaited film adaptation that was shown in 2014. This is the first movie adaptation of a story first published in Wattpad.

Wattpad
Wattpad is a popular website for both reading and publishing original fiction and connecting with fellow writers and readers. Its most popular genres are romance, teen fiction, and fan fiction. As of September 2023, Wattpad has a global audience of more than 90 million users, the majority of whom are younger women. There are over 665 million story uploads in total.

Some stories originally published on Wattpad have been adapted into mainstream novels, TV series, and films, including After and The Kissing Booth series. In January 2019, Wattpad launched its own publishing division, Wattpad Books, to simplify publishing for authors. In January 2021, The Coumpany, Naver Corporation announced that it would acquire Wattpad, and the deal was completed in May 2021.
Sorceress II: The Temptress
Sorceress II: The Temptress is a 1996 erotic horror film directed by Richard Styles. It was presented as a sequel to Sorceress and, like the 1995 film, featured Julie Strain in the main role, but it was in fact unrelated to the first film in terms of plot and characters. The film was poorly received.

Julie Strain
Julie Ann Strain (February 18, 1962 – January 10, 2021) was an American actress and model. She was chosen by Penthouse as Pet of the Month in June 1991 and Pet of the Year in 1993. Her biggest mainstream acting role was Julie, the protagonist in Heavy Metal 2000.
Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum
Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum (Polish: [ˈda.vit ˈmɔr.ɘ̟t͡s apˈfɛl.bawm]; German: [ˈap͡fl̩ˌbaʊ̯m]), sometimes also known as Mieczysław Dawid Apfelbaum (Polish: [mjɛˈt͡ʂɘ̟.swaf ˈda.vit apˈfɛl.bawm]), is a disputed soldier who some contend was incorrectly credited as the commander of the Jewish Military Union that fought in the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, during the Second World War. It is claimed that he died on 28 April 1943. Some allege he also served as a lieutenant of the Polish Armed Forces prior to the conflict.

Apfelbaum was first attested in 1948, in statements by Henryk Iwański, and later also mentioned by Tadeusz Bednarczyk, Władysław Zajdler, and Kałmen Mendelson, all of whom have claimed to have fought in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 under Apfelbaum's command, and to be members of the Polish Home Army. Their statements have been found by historians to be false, and their actual participation in the conflict, as well as the existence of Apfelbaum, was questioned.

Henryk Iwański
Henryk Iwański (1902–1978), nom de guerre Bystry, was a member of the Polish resistance during World War II. He is known for leading one of the most daring actions of the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in support of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, however later research cast doubts on the veracity of his claims. For his assistance to the Polish Jews Iwański was bestowed the title of the Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem in 1964.
The Fortunes
The Fortunes are an English harmony beat group. Formed in Birmingham, the Fortunes first came to prominence and international acclaim in 1965, when "You've Got Your Troubles" broke into the US, Canadian and UK Top 10s. Afterwards they had a succession of hits including "Here It Comes Again" and "Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again"; continuing into the 1970s with more globally successful releases such as "Storm in a Teacup" and "Freedom Come, Freedom Go".

In 1966 their manager, Reginald Calvert, was shot dead in a dispute over pirate radio stations.

The Rockin' Berries
The Rockin' Berries are a beat group from Birmingham, England, who had several hit records in the UK in the 1960s. A version of the group, emphasising comedy routines as well as music, continues to perform to the present day.
Pine Creek First Nation
The Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Formerly Pine Creek First Nation) is a Saulteaux First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. The First Nation's homeland is the Pine Creek 66A reserve, located approximately 110 kilometres north of Dauphin along the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipegosis between the communities of Camperville and Duck Bay. The Rural Municipality of Mountain (South) borders it on the southwest.

The current chief of Pine Creek First Nation is Derek Nepinak. Pine Creek First Nation is part of Treaty 4. As of 2013, the First Nation's registered population was 3,188, with 1,058 members living on reserves or crown land and 2,130 members living off reserve.

The primary language spoken on the reserve is Saulteaux.

Dauphin, Manitoba
Dauphin (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 8,368 as of the 2021 Canadian Census. The community is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dauphin. The city takes its name from Lake Dauphin and Fort Dauphin (first built 1741), which were named by explorer Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye in honour of the Dauphin of France, the heir to the French throne. Dauphin is Manitoba's ninth largest community and serves as a hub to the province's Parkland Region.

Dauphin hosts several summer festivals, including Dauphin's Countryfest and Canada's National Ukrainian Festival.

Dauphin is served by Provincial Trunk Highways 5, 10 and 20.
Ronnier Mustelier
Ronnier Mustelier Soler (born August 8, 1984) is a Cuban former professional baseball outfielder and third baseman who is currently the manager of El Águila de Veracruz of the Mexican League. He played in the Cuban National Series, and in Minor League Baseball within the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves organizations. Listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 210 pounds (95 kg) Mustelier threw and batted right-handed.

Cuban National Series
The Cuban National Series (Spanish: Serie Nacional de Béisbol, or SNB) is a domestic baseball competition in Cuba. Formed after the dissolution of the Cuban League in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, the National Series is a part of the Cuban baseball league system.

For most of its existence, the National Series has existed as the top-level winter league in Cuba. From 2022 to 2024, it operated as a summer league, with the top six National Series teams qualifying for the Cuban Elite League (LEB). Starting with the 2025–26 season, SNB will return to a winter league schedule, while still qualifying teams to the LEB.
Object-based attention
Object-based attention refers to the relationship between an ‘object’ representation and a person’s visually stimulated, selective attention, as opposed to a relationship involving either a spatial or a feature representation; although these types of selective attention are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Research into object-based attention suggests that attention improves the quality of the sensory representation of a selected object, and results in the enhanced processing of that object’s features.

The concept of an ‘object’, apropos object-based attention, entails more than a physical thing that can be seen and touched. It includes a perceptual unit or group, namely, elements in a visual field (stimuli) organised coherently by Gestalt factors such as collinearity, closure, and symmetry.

Attentional shift
Attentional shift (or shift of attention) occurs when directing attention to a point increases the efficiency of processing of that point and includes inhibition to decrease attentional resources to unwanted or irrelevant inputs. Shifting of attention is needed to allocate attentional resources to more efficiently process information from a stimulus. Research has shown that when an object or area is attended, processing operates more efficiently. Task switching costs occur when performance on a task suffers due to the increased effort added in shifting attention. There are competing theories that attempt to explain why and how attention is shifted as well as how attention is moved through space in attentional control.