hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newton Stewart
Newton Stewart (Gd: Baile Ùr nan Stiùbhartach) is a former burgh town in the historical county of Wigtownshire in Dumfries and Galloway, southwest Scotland.
The town is on the River Cree with most of the town to the west of the river, and is sometimes referred to as the "Gateway to the Galloway Hills".

The main local industries are agriculture, forestry and tourism. The town hosts a local market, and a number of services to support the farming industry. There are many mountain biking trails in the area. Newton Stewart lies on the southern edge of the Galloway Forest Park, which supplies many jobs to the town. Newton Stewart is 7 miles (11 kilometres) from Scotland's book town Wigtown.

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
José María Álvarez-Pallete
José María Álvarez-Pallete López (born 12 December 1963, Madrid) is a Spanish economist and chief executive officer of Telefónica S.A. from 8 April 2016 to January 2025, when he was replaced by Marc Murtra.

Telefónica
Telefónica, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [teleˈfonika]) is a Spanish multinational telecommunications company. It has headquarters as well as a registered office in Madrid, Spain. It is one of the largest telephone operators and mobile network providers in the world. It provides fixed and mobile telephony, broadband, and subscription television, operating in Europe and the Americas.

Along with its Telefónica brand, it also trades as Movistar, O2, and Vivo. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. On 15 April 2012, Telefónica shut down TVA and Ajacto, which unified the brand into Vivo.
Valeh Barshadly
Valeh Eyyub oghlu Barshadly (Azerbaijani: Valeh Eyyub oğlu Bərşadlı; July 6, 1927 – May 15, 1999) also spelled as Valeh Barshadly, was the first Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan after restoration of its independence in 1991.

Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Müdafiə Nazirliyi) or MN is an Azerbaijani government agency that is associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan (for example, Azerbaijan's contribution to the war on terror), and the surveillance of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea sea and airspace. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Commander-in-chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, the President of Azerbaijan.

The ministry building is located in Baku, at 3 Parliament Avenue.
Pasinler
Pasinler or Basean (Turkish: Pasinler; Armenian: Բասէն, romanized: Pasēn; Georgian: ბასიანი, romanized: basiani; Latin: Phasiani; Greek: Φασιανοί, romanized: Phasianoí; formerly Hasankale and Hesenqele 'the fortress of Hasan'), is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,134 km2, and its population is 27,055 (2022). It lies on the Aras River.

It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the city of Erzurum and is the site of Hasankale Castle (sometimes called Pasinler Castle). It was the birthplace of the Ottoman poet Nef'i. The old name "Hasankale" may be based upon the Aq Qoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan or upon Hasan the governor of the region in the 1330s or after Küçük Hasan, grandson of Coban, who attacked the town in 1340.

Erzurum
Erzurum (Armenian: Կարին, romanized: Karin; Kurdish: Erzîrom) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of ancient Theodosiopolis.

The city uses the double-headed eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that has been a common symbol throughout Anatolia since the Bronze Age.

Erzurum has winter sports facilities, hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade, and the 2023 Winter Deaflympics (in March 2024).
Sara Webb (astrophysicist)
Sara A. Webb is an Australian astrophysicist, mutli-award winning science communicator and author, best known for her work at the intersection of astronomy, space-based experimentation, and public engagement. In 2025, she was recognised on the Forbes Asia 30 Under 30 List in Healthcare and Science as the only Australian academic selected . She was previously named a Superstar of STEM (Science and Technology Australia) in 2023. Webb is a Lecturer and Course Director at  Swinburne University of Technology, where she leads student-driven space programs and contributes to interdisciplinary research spanning astrophysics and microgravity science.

Swinburne University of Technology
The Swinburne University of Technology (or simply Swinburne) is a public research university in Melbourne, Australia. It is the modern descendant of the Eastern Suburbs Technical College established in 1908, renamed Swinburne Technical College in 1913 after its co-founders George and Ethel Swinburne. It has three campuses in metropolitan Melbourne: Hawthorn, where its main campus is located; Wantirna; and Croydon, as well the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus in the East Malaysian state of Sarawak. It also offers courses online and through its partnered institutions in Australia and overseas.

The university offers study programs in commerce, healthcare, teacher education, law, engineering, aviation, architecture, the performing arts and various other fields including in the arts and sciences. It also offers Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) research programs and courses in vocational education.
Fambita mosque attack
On 21 March 2025, an armed assault targeted a mosque in the southwestern Niger town of Fambita, Kokorou, resulting in at least forty-four fatalities and thirteen injuries. The Nigerien government subsequently declared a three-day national mourning period. Security authorities attributed responsibility for the attack to the Islamic State – Sahel Province (ISSP).

Kokorou
Kokorou or Kokoro is a town and rural commune in the Téra Department of western Niger. As of 2012, it had a population of 96,218, living in rural towns and villages.

It gives its name to the nearby Kokoro and Namga Wetlands, which was designated a Ramsar site in 2001. Covering 668 km2, the wetland hosts migratory birdlife and is important to the local ecology.
New Zealand Staff Corps
The New Zealand Staff Corps was a corps of professional officers in the regular New Zealand Military Forces which, in peacetime, administered the Territorial Force.  During the First and Second World Wars, many members of the corps commanded battalions and brigades in the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces sent overseas.  The corps was disbanded in 1947.

New Zealand Expeditionary Force
The New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) was the title of the military forces sent from New Zealand to fight alongside other British Empire and Dominion troops during World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Ultimately, the NZEF of World War I became known as the First New Zealand Expeditionary Force. The NZEF of World War II was known as the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF).

The 2NZEF was led by General Bernard Freyberg.
The Streets, the Sounds, and the Love
The Streets, the Sounds, and the Love is the first full-length CD released by New Atlantic. It was produced by Casey Bates and Bobby Darling of Gatsby's American Dream. The CD also features a guest appearance from Will Pugh of Cartel.

Cartel (band)
Cartel is an American pop punk band from Conyers, Georgia, United States, that formed in 2003. The group was featured on the MTV television series Band in a Bubble in 2007 as part of an experiment where they were given 20 days to write and record a full album. The current members of the band include vocalist/bassist/drummer Will Pugh, lead guitarist Joseph Pepper, and rhythm guitarist Nic Hudson. In April 2020, Pugh released an EP for a new side project, TAURIDS, with fellow Nashville residents Bobby Holland and Adam Bokesch—both musicians and audio producers/engineers from the band The Daybreaks.
Stella Kramrisch
Stella Kramrisch (May 29, 1896 – August 31, 1993) was an Austrian-American pioneering art historian and curator who was the leading specialist on Indian art for most of the 20th century. Her scholarship remains a benchmark to this day. She researched and taught Indian art history for more than six decades on three continents. After writing her dissertation on the essence of early-buddhist sculpture in India, she was invited to teach at Kala Bhavana in Shantiniketan (1922–24) and went on to teach at Calcutta University from 1924 to 1950. In Europe, Kramrisch worked at the Courtauld Institute, London (1937–1940). From 1950, she was professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the Department of South Asia Regional Studies, where she had been recruited by W. Norman Brown, in addition to being a prominent curator at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

Shantiniketan
Shantiniketan (IPA: [ʃantiniketɔn]) is a neighbourhood of Bolpur town in the Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal, India, approximately 152 km north of Kolkata. It was established by Debendranath Tagore, and later expanded by his son, Rabindranath Tagore whose vision became what is now a university town with the creation of Visva-Bharati. It is also the birthplace of Indian Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen, who was also an alumnus of the school.

It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee in 2023.
Kabuliwala (2023 film)
Kabuliwala is a 2023 Indian Bengali-language directed by Suman Ghosh. Based on the 1892 short story "Kabuliwala" written by Rabindranath Tagore, the film stars Mithun Chakraborty, Anumegha Kahali, Abir Chatterjee and Sohini Sarkar in pivotal roles. It is produced by Shree Venkatesh Films and Jio Studios and the music is composed by Indraadip Dasgupta. It was released in theatres on 22 December 2023, on the occasion of Christmas.

Shree Venkatesh Films
SVF Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.  is an Indian film production and distribution company, founded by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni in 1995. Apart from producing and distributing Bengali films in West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam and Tripura, SVF also distributes Bollywood and Hollywood films in East India. The other divisions of the company include Exhibition, TV Content Production, Digital Cinema, Music, New Media and IPR syndication. SVF was in Anandabazar Patrika's powerlist for 2008 and 2010.
Andrew Carnie
Andrew Carnie (born April 19, 1969) is a Canadian linguist and professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona.  He is the author or coauthor of nine books and has papers published on formal syntactic theory and on linguistic aspects of Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.  From 2010-2012, he worked as the faculty director of the University of Arizona's Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs. In August 2012, he was appointed interim Dean of the graduate college. From 2013-2022, he worked as the Vice Provost for Graduate Education and Dean of the Graduate College. In that role he founded the University's Graduate Center, established the university's Graduate faculty, significantly increased student diversity, and worked to establish better working conditions and wages for students.

Carnie was born in Calgary, Alberta and is a teacher of Balkan and international folk dance. In 2009, he was named Linguist of the Day by The Linguist List.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
Ctenus captiosus
Ctenus captiosus, known generally as the Florida false wolf spider or tropical wolf spider, is a species of wandering spider in the family Ctenidae. It is found in the United States, and is one of two species of Ctenidae occurring in Florida. Little is known about the biology of this species.

Wandering spider
Wandering spiders (Ctenidae) are a family of spiders that includes the Brazilian wandering spiders. These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae.

They are highly defensive and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri. Despite their notoriety for being dangerous, only a few members of Phoneutria have venom known to be hazardous to humans, but the venoms of this family are poorly known, so all larger ctenids should be treated with caution.
Dudahi Bazar
26°47′52″N 84°08′09″E﻿ / ﻿26.7977324°N 84.1357147°E﻿ / 26.7977324; 84.1357147

Dudahi  is a nagar panchayat (town area) in the Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, a state in northern India. Dudahi is situated on the Thawe–Kaptanganj railway route near Padrauna.

The area lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Padrauna and 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the Tamkuhi Road railway station.

Dudahi is located at the border of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Padrauna
Padrauna is a city and headquarter of Kushinagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the place where Rama spent a few days of his life. After passing from Padrauna, Rama reached at Ramkola where he made a hut with his wife Sita and younger brother Lakshman to stay. It is situated 19 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Kushinagar International Airport. Udit Narayan Intermediate College is the biggest College in the Kushinagar district. Padrauna was also the seat of local zamindari called Padrauna Estate.
Marquis of Mancera
The title Marquesses of Mancera (Spanish: Marqués de Mancera) is a hereditary title in the nobility of Castile and Grandees of Spain. The title was created by King Philip IV of Spain and given to Pedro de Toledo y Leiva, in the 17th century.

Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, 1st Marquis of Mancera (c. 1585–1654), was a Spanish nobleman, general, colonial administrator, and diplomat. He served as Captain General of Galicia and Viceroy of Peru from December 18, 1639 to September 20, 1648.
Lithodes aotearoa
Lithodes aotearoa is a species of king crab endemic to New Zealand. It had formerly been confused with L. longispina and L. murrayi, which until 2010 were thought to occur in the region. It is the second most widespread and common lithodid in New Zealand waters after Neolithodes brodiei, and the New Zealand Department of Conservation classifies it as "Not Threatened".

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
Kinsale Lifeboat Station
Kinsale Lifeboat Station is located at Adams Quay in Kinsale, a historic port and fishing town in County Cork, sitting at the mouth of the River Bandon, on the south coast of Ireland.

The Inshore lifeboat station at Kinsale was established in 2003 by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI).

The station currently operates the B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat with the longest name in the RNLI fleet, Miss Sally Anne (Baggy) II, Never Fear, Baggy's Here (B-909), on station since 2018.

Atlantic 85-class lifeboat
The Atlantic 85 is a third-generation B-class rigid inflatable boat (RIB)  inshore lifeboat. It is operated around the shores of the British Isles and the Channel Islands by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI). It was developed from the Atlantic 21 and the later Atlantic 75. It entered service in 2005, and gradually replaced the Atlantic 75.

The Atlantic design of the B-class of lifeboats is named after Atlantic College, where the design was developed.
Bunodophoron
Bunodophoron is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae. The genus has a broad distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, with several species also present in oceanic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Established in 1861 by the Italian botanist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, the genus comprises about 20 accepted species that form shrubby, often tufted growths with flattened, strap-like branches. These lichens are characterised by their distinctive black, powdery spore masses that develop at the tips of fertile branches and their production of various lichen products including sphaerophorin and usnic acid.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Kaliese Spencer
Kaliese Spencer Carter, née Kaliese Spencer,  (6 May 1987) is a Jamaican track and field athlete who specialises in the 400 metres hurdles. She won the bronze medal in the event at the 2012 London Olympics. Spencer was the Commonwealth Games champion in 2014 and a double silver medallist at the 2014 World Indoor Championships. She finished fourth at both the 2009 and 2011 World Championships in Athletics.

Spencer was the 2006 World junior champion. She is a four-time Diamond League 400 m hurdles winner.

2009 World Championships in Athletics
The 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 2009) were held in Berlin, Germany from 15 to 23 August 2009. The majority of events took place in the Olympiastadion, while the marathon and racewalking events started and finished at the Brandenburg Gate.
2024 Canadian Premier League final
The 2024 Canadian Premier League final was the sixth edition of the CPL Finals, the post-season championship of the Canadian Premier League, the top level of Canadian soccer, which determined the winner of the 2024 Canadian Premier League season. It was played on November 9, 2024 at ATCO Field in Foothills County, Alberta between Cavalry FC and Forge FC. The 2024 final was a rematch of the 2023 final which was hosted and won by Forge FC.

Cavalry defeated Forge 2–1 to win their first CPL title. Tobias Warschewski and Sergio Camargo scored first half goals to give Cavalry a 2–0 half-time lead; Alexander Achinioti-Jönsson responded for Forge in the second half. Following the match, Warschewski was named the inaugural CPL Final MVP. Cavalry was awarded the North Star Cup as CPL champion and earned a spot in the 2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup.

Canadian Premier League Awards
The Canadian Premier League Awards is a ceremony held annually at the end of each Canadian Premier League season. There are a total of seven individual awards given to players or coaches based on their performance in the regular season. For the majority of the awards, nominees are selected by the league and voted on by members of the media. The winner of each award receives an Inuit soapstone sculpture designed by artists from Cape Dorset, Nunavut.

The CPL Awards were first held in 2019 and included five honours (Golden Boot, Golden Glove, Coach of the Year, U21 Canadian Player of the Year, and Player of the Year). The awards initially took into account performance across the whole CPL season, including playoffs and finals.

In 2022, two new awards were added (Defender of the Year and Players' Player of the Year) and all awards became based solely on performance in the regular season. In 2024, a Finals MVP trophy was added.
Sled kite
The sled kite was invented and patented by the American William Allison in the 1950s. This kite helped pave the way for a class of kites known as "semi-rigid."

Allison's kite has only vertical spars. The wind pressure curves the single sheet of material between the spars into a semicircle. The positioning of the two horizontal wingtip bridle attachments acts in the same manner as a vertical bridle on a structured kite, guiding the kite's attitude to the wind.

The delay in the issuing of the patent was due to the title “Flexible Kite”. The Patent Office's concern was that Allison's design might infringe on Rogallo's recently issued flexible wing patent.

Rogallo wing
The Rogallo wing is a flexible type of wing. In 1948, Francis Rogallo, a NASA engineer, and his wife Gertrude Rogallo, invented a self-inflating flexible wing they called the Parawing, also known after them as the "Rogallo Wing" and flexible wing. NASA considered Rogallo's flexible wing as an alternative recovery system for the Mercury and Gemini space capsules, and for possible use in other spacecraft landings, but the idea was dropped from Gemini in 1964 in favor of conventional parachutes.
661st Radar Squadron
The 661st Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 23d Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, stationed at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan. It was inactivated on 1 July 1974.

The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States.

Selfridge Air National Guard Base
Selfridge Air National Guard Base or Selfridge ANGB (IATA: MTC, ICAO: KMTC, FAA LID: MTC) is an Air National Guard installation located in Harrison Township, Michigan, near Mount Clemens.  Selfridge Field was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917.

The current commander of Selfridge Air National Guard Base is Brig. Gen. Leah Voelker, it's first female commanding officer.
Andreas Schreiber
Martin Andreas Schreiber (born July 21, 1987) is a Swedish basketball player who last played for Zornotza ST in the Spanish third division. He is 208 cm (6"10 ft) tall in shoes and can play both the center and the power forward position. Before moving to Europe to play professionally, he played college basketball at the University of Pennsylvania. Schreiber was born in Santa Cruz, California but moved at an early age to Täby, a suburb of Stockholm, Sweden. He currently holds a dual citizenship with the United States and Sweden, and also plays for the Swedish national basketball team.

Segunda FEB
The Segunda FEB, formerly known as LEB 2 and LEB Plata, is the third basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system and the second basketball division organized by the Spanish Basketball Federation. Since 2019, three teams are promoted to Primera FEB and six teams are relegated to Tercera FEB.

From the 2024–25 season, it is named Segunda FEB.