hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eland armoured car
The Eland is an air-portable light armoured car based on the Panhard AML. Designed and built for long-range reconnaissance, it mounts either a 60mm (2.4 in) breech-loading mortar or a Denel 90mm (3.5 in) gun on a very compact chassis. Although lightly armoured, the vehicle's permanent 4X4 drive makes it faster over flat terrain than many tanks.

The Eland was developed for the South African Defence Force (SADF) in South Africa's first major arms programme since World War II, with prototypes completed in 1963. By 1991, 1,600 examples had been built for home and export; prominent foreign operators included Morocco and Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia). Local overhauls incorporating lessons from internal operations have resulted in a vehicle capable of withstanding the unforgiving Southern African environment and highly mobile operational style of the SADF.

Denel Land Systems
Denel Land Systems is a division of the Denel group.

It was formerly Lyttelton Engineering Works (LIW—from Afrikaans: Lyttelton Ingenieurswerke), a subsidiary part of the commercial network from Armscor. It then became the Systems division of the Land Systems Group of Denel.

They are responsible for the design and manufacture of systems ranging from artillery (such as G5 howitzer and G6 howitzer) to small arms such as the R4 assault rifle.
307th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 307th Infantry Regiment was a National Army unit first organized for service in World War I as part of the 77th Division in France. It later served in the Pacific Theater during World War II.  Since then it has served as a training Regiment. In 1999, it was withdrawn from the Combat Arms Regimental System and redesignated as a non-branch regiment. The regiment's 1st Battalion is assigned to the 174th Infantry Brigade at Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst, New Jersey, with the 2nd Battalion is assigned to the 157th Infantry Brigade at Camp Atterbury, Indiana.

174th Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 174th Infantry Brigade is an infantry brigade of the United States Army based at the Fort Dix entity of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey. A multi-component training unit, the brigade provides operational training and increased readiness for units in the continental Northeast.

The brigade was deployed for both World War I and World War II. Reorganized and redesignated numerous times, the 174th Infantry Brigade has been a reserve unit of the United States Army for most of its existence, seeing only short stints in the Active Duty forces and a combat role.

Reactivated in 2006 as an active duty, combined arms training brigade, the brigade is responsible for preparing Soldiers of the Reserve and National Guard for deployment through battle training in maneuvers, equipment, and other details. As such, many personnel in the brigade are instructors who are themselves combat veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.
West End Cemetery
West End Cemetery is a heritage-listed cemetery at Francis Street, West End, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1865 to 1930s. It is also known as Townsville General Cemetery. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 June 1996.

City of Townsville
The City of Townsville is a local government area (LGA) located in North Queensland, Australia. It encompasses the city of Townsville, together with the surrounding rural areas. To the south are the communities of Alligator Creek, Woodstock and Reid River, and to the north are Northern Beaches and Paluma. Also included is Magnetic Island. In June 2018 the area had a population of 194,072, and is the 28th-largest LGA in Australia. Townsville is considered to be the unofficial capital of North Queensland.

In the 2021 census, the City of Townsville had a population of 192,768 people.
The Nine Lives of Christmas
The Nine Lives of Christmas is a 2014 American made-for-television romantic comedy film and Hallmark Channel original movie, written by Nancy Silvers, based on the book by Sheila Roberts. Directed by Mark Jean, it stars Brandon Routh and Kimberley Sustad. The film premiered on November 8, 2014, on the Hallmark Channel.

Hallmark Channel (international)
Hallmark Channel, formerly Hallmark Entertainment Network, in international markets was owned by several media companies. Over their history, the various channels were operated by Hallmark Entertainment Networks, Inc. (1995–2005), Sparrowhawk Media, Limited (2005–2007) and Universal Networks International (2007–2011). Universal Networks International rebranded or discontinued the channels by July 2011. Hallmark Entertainment Networks, Inc. was owned by Crown Media Holdings, Inc. Sparrowhawk Media was owned by venture capital companies and Universal Networks International is owned by NBCUniversal.
Pandeidae
Pandeidae is a family of hydroids in the class Hydrozoa. Like other jellyfish there is usually a mature medusa form which is pelagic and reproduces sexually and a hydroid or polyp form which is often benthic and reproduces asexually by budding.

Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and ζώα (zóa) 'animals') is a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals, which also belong to the phylum Cnidaria.

Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (Craspedacusta sowerbyi), freshwater polyps (Hydra), Obelia, Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), chondrophores (Porpitidae), and pink-hearted hydroids (Tubularia).
The Sims 4 game packs
Twelve downloadable content "game packs" have been released for the 2014 life simulation video game The Sims 4, the fourth major title in The Sims series. All game packs are developed by Maxis and published by Electronic Arts, for the Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox platforms. Game packs are intended to be smaller than full expansion packs. The first game pack, Outdoor Retreat, was released on January 13, 2015. The most recent game pack, Werewolves, was released on June 16, 2022.

The Sims 3 expansion packs
Eleven expansion packs were released for the 2009 life simulation video game The Sims 3, the third major title in The Sims series. Of the eleven expansion packs, seven were developed by Maxis Redwood Shores, while the other four were developed by EA Salt Lake. All expansion packs were published by Electronic Arts. Expansion packs tend to focus on major new features, with the addition of many new objects, worlds, and game features geared towards the pack's major theme. The first expansion pack, World Adventures, was released on November 18, 2009. The last expansion pack, Into the Future, was released on October 22, 2013.
Generalized TTL security mechanism
The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) is a proposed Internet data transfer security method relying on a packet's Time to Live (IPv4) or Hop limit (IPv6) thus to protect a protocol stack from spoofing and denial of service attacks.

Time to live
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network. TTL may be implemented as a counter or timestamp attached to or embedded in the data. Once the prescribed event count or timespan has elapsed, data is discarded or revalidated. In computer networking, TTL prevents a data packet from circulating indefinitely. In computing applications, TTL is commonly used to improve the performance and manage the caching of data.
Bakul Harshadrai Dholakia
Bakul Harshadrai Dholakia (born 15 July 1947) is the former Director of Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (2002–2007). Prior to that, he was the Dean at Ahmedabad (1998–2001) and a professor in Economics He was also the Director General of International Management Institute, New Delhi. Prior to joining IMI New Delhi, he was the Director of Adani Institute of Infrastructure Management and Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj.

Dholakia is a gold medalist from Baroda University and holds a Doctorate in Economics. He has 45 years of teaching experience, including 33 years at IIM Ahmedabad.
He has served as a board member of the Reserve Bank of India Western Area Local Board from 1993 to 2001. He has guided 20 PhD students specialising in Economics, Finance, Business Policy and Public Systems at IIM A.
He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2007 for his contributions in the field of Literature and Education.

International Management Institute, New Delhi
International Management Institute, New Delhi, known as IMI, New Delhi is a private business school located in New Delhi, India. Sanjiv Goenka, Chairman of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group, is the Chairman of the IMI Governing Committee.
Kia Kima Scout Reservation
Kia Kima Scout Reservation /ˈkaɪ.ə kiːmə/ is a nationally accredited Boy Scouts of America summer camp outside Hardy, Arkansas owned by the Chickasaw Council. The camp was founded in 1916 by Bolton Smith. The name "Kia Kima" means "Home of the Eagles" in the Zuni language (commonly translated as "Nest of Eagles"). Summer camp program at Kia Kima generally begins during the 2nd week of June and runs through the second week of July. A Cub and Webelos Resident Camp is generally offered during the first week in June. There is also a winter camp offered which starts after Christmas and lasts several days. The original property, Old Kia Kima, is listed on the Arkansas Register of Historic Places.

Chickasaw Council
The Chickasaw Council is a local council of the Boy Scouts of America that serves Scouts in Shelby County, Tennessee, as well as Crittenden county in eastern Arkansas and fifteen counties in northwest Mississippi. It was founded on February 22, 1916, to oversee the many Boy Scout troops already present in Memphis, Tennessee. The Chickasaw Council has two camps: Kia Kima Scout Reservation and Camp Currier. The Chickasaw Council is also home to the Order of the Arrow Ahoalan-Nachpikin Lodge 558. The council is divided into 6 districts; as well as the Exploring programs.
Second stage manufacturer
A second stage manufacturer, known in the industry as "bodybuilder," builds such products as bus and truck bodies, ambulances, motor homes, and other specialized vehicles. Such a manufacturer usually takes an incomplete structure from a first-stage manufacturer, and installs additional equipment to render it suitable for delivery to a buyer for use.

Neither their product, nor the first stage portion, called an incomplete motor vehicle, are fully compliant with all of the requirements for a complete motor vehicle without the other .

Cutaway van chassis are one of the more popular incomplete motor vehicles for second stage manufacturers to use as a platform for their products. A large portion of small school buses, minibuses, and recreational vehicles are based upon cutaway van chassis.

Recreational vehicle
A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer that includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, coaches, caravans (also known as travel trailers and campers), fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers, and truck campers.

Typical amenities of an RV include a kitchen, a bathroom, and one or more beds. RVs can range from utilitarian – containing only sleeping quarters and basic cooking facilities – to luxurious, with features like air conditioning (AC), water heaters, televisions and satellite receivers, and quartz countertops.
Lou!
Lou! is a French comic book series and animated television series created by Julien Neel. The comic is published by Glénat and the animated series is broadcast in France on M6 and Disney Channel. The main comic's first "season" came to an end in 2018 after eight volumes, although a prequel series titled Le petit monde de Lou was released in 2019, with the second "season" titled Lou! Sonata beginning with the ninth volume in 2020.

Disney Channel (France)
Disney Channel is a French television channel owned by The Walt Disney Company France.

The channel was launched on 22 March 1997. It was free with ISPs from April 2011 to April 2020, and returned in some ISPs from January 2025 after leaving its historic distributor Canal+ from which the channel was exclusive in France and Africa.

In 2013, Disney Channel had the largest audience share of thematic pay channels in France (0.8%), according to a study carried out by Médiamétrie.
Chan Sau Chung
Chan Sau Chung 陳秀中, The Monkey King (May 6, 1934 in Hong Kong – February 7, 2020) was the Head of the Tai Shing Pek Kwar Kung Fu. He was the protégé and sole successor of Gan Dak Hoi, of Tai Shing Pek Kwar Kung Fu. His notable students include movie actor/martial artist Chen Kuan-tai (Chan Koon Tai), who is famous for wuxia and martial arts movies made by the Shaw Brothers.

Monkey Kung Fu
Monkey kung fu or Hóu Quán (猴拳, "monkey fist") is a Chinese martial art which utilizes ape or monkey-like movements as part of its technique.

Northern Chinese martial arts such as Northern Praying Mantis and Wuzuquan incorporate some of the techniques from monkey kung fu.
Martin R. Gainsbrugh
Martin Reuben Gainsbrugh (January 29, 1907 – April 1977) was an American economist, practicing statistician, writer, and educator, He was vice-president and chief economist of The Conference Board, adjunct professor at the New York University, and president of the American Statistical Association in 1961.

The Conference Board
The Conference Board, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) non-profit business membership and research organization. It counts 2,000 public and private corporations and other organizations as members, including the majority of the Fortune 500.

The Conference Board convenes conferences and peer-learning groups, conducts economic and business management research, and publishes several widely tracked economic indicators.
Green sulfur bacteria
The green sulfur bacteria are a phylum, Chlorobiota, of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria that metabolize sulfur.

Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile (except Chloroherpeton thalassium, which may glide) and capable of anoxygenic photosynthesis. They live in anaerobic aquatic environments. In contrast to plants, green sulfur bacteria mainly use sulfide ions as electron donors. They are autotrophs that utilize the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle to perform carbon fixation.  They are also mixotrophs and reduce nitrogen.

Reverse Krebs cycle
The reverse Krebs cycle (also known as the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reverse TCA cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle, or the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the reductive TCA cycle) 
is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria and archaea to produce carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by the use of energy-rich reducing agents as electron donors.

The reaction is the citric acid cycle run in reverse. Where the Krebs cycle takes carbohydrates and oxidizes them to CO2 and water, the reverse cycle takes CO2 and H2O to make carbon compounds.
This process is used by some bacteria (such as Aquificota) to synthesize carbon compounds, sometimes using hydrogen, sulfide, or thiosulfate as electron donors. This process can be seen as an alternative to the fixation of inorganic carbon in the  Calvin cycle which occurs in a wide variety of microbes and higher organisms.
Mandarinquat
The mandarinquat, also misleadingly called orangequat, is any cross between a mandarin and a kumquat (Citrus crassifolia). Mandarinquats are members of the citrofortunella group.

The variety Nippon orangequat was first introduced in 1932 by Dr. Eugene May of the USDA as a hybrid between the Meiwa kumquat and the Satsuma mandarin. A second variety, the Indio mandarinquat, was discovered as an open-pollinated seedling from a Nagami kumquat with an unknown pollen parent.

Citrus crassifolia
Citrus crassifolia, the Meiwa kumquat, is a species of kumquat; a type of citrus fruit in the genus Citrus, family Rutaceae. It was first described by the American botanist Walter Tennyson Swingle in 1915 as Fortunella crassifolia.

Initially, C. crassifolia was described as a synonym of Citrus japonica. However, recent phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. crassifolia is a single 'true' species.

C. crassifolia was brought to Japan from China at the end of the 19th century. It is a hybrid of Nagami (Citrus margarita) and Marumi (Citrus japonica). It has seedy oval fruits and thick leaves and was characterized as a different species by Swingle. Its fruit is typically eaten skin and all.
Pope John VIII
Pope John VIII (Latin: Ioannes VIII; died 16 December 882) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 14 December 872 to his death. He is often considered one of the most able popes of the 9th century.

John devoted much of his papacy to attempting to halt and reverse the Muslim gains in southern Italy and their march northwards. When his efforts to obtain assistance from either the Franks or the Byzantines failed, John strengthened the defences of Rome. He supported Methodius of Thessalonica in his mission to the Slavs, defended him against the Carolingian rulers and Bavarian clergy, and authorized the translation of the Bible into Old Church Slavonic. John also extended diplomatic recognition to the Duchy of Croatia and resolved the Photian schism. John's pontificate ended with his assassination, and the papacy became significantly weaker in the aftermath.

Bible translations
The Christian Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.

According to a major Bible translation organization, as of August 2025 the full Protestant Bible has been translated into 776 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,798 languages, and smaller portions have been translated into 1,433 other languages. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 4,007 languages, out of a total of 7,396 known languages (including sign languages).

Textual variants in the New Testament include errors, omissions, additions, changes, and alternate translations. In some cases, different translations have been used as evidence for or have been motivated by doctrinal differences.
Redtail surfperch
The redtail surfperch (Amphistichus rhodoterus) is a species of surfperch (Embiotocidae) that inhabits the near-shore and estuarine waters of North American Pacific coasts.

Redtail surfperch are one of three species in the genus Amphistichus (i.e. redtail, barred and calico surfperch), and one of six species in the subfamily (i.e. genera Amphistichus and Hyperprosopon).

Surfperch
The surfperches are a family of viviparous ray-finned fishes, the Embiotocidae. Most species are marine, inhabiting coastal waters from Baja California to Alaska, with a few found in Asian Pacific coasts. The only freshwater species, the tule perch (Hysterocarpus traski), is endemic to California, United States.
José da Terra Brum, 1st Baron of Alagoa
José Francisco da Terra Brum, 1st Baron of Alagoa (Horta, 10 March 1776 – Horta, 22 January 1842), was a landed proprietor, a major landowner on the islands of Faial and Pico, a winegrower, and a wine merchant and exporter, who distinguished himself through his support for the liberal cause during the initial phase of the Portuguese Civil War.

Terra Brum was the first title holder of Baron of Alagoa, a noble title created by Queen Maria II by decree, dated 22 December 1841.

Terra Brum was descendant of Josse van Aertrycke, a Flemish nobleman who was one of the first colonizers of Faial in the 15th century.

Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese: Guerras Liberais), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (Guerra Civil Portuguesa) and the War of the Two Brothers (Guerra dos Dois Irmãos) was a civil war in Portugal that lasted from May 1828 to May 1834, fought between liberal progressive constitutionalists (led by former King Pedro IV) and conservative traditionalists (led by King Miguel I) over the country's system of government and royal succession. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, Spain and Russia.
Richard J. Leon
Richard J. Leon (born December 3, 1949) is an American jurist who serves as a senior United States district judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. He was appointed in 2002 by President George W. Bush and assumed senior status in 2016.

United States District Court for the District of Columbia
The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court in Washington, D.C. Along with the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii and the High Court of American Samoa, it also sometimes handles federal issues that arise in the territory of American Samoa, which has no local federal court or territorial court.

Appeals from the District Court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, except for patent claims and claims against the United States federal government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit.

The United States Attorney for the District of Columbia is Jeanine Pirro.
Graph Fourier transform
In mathematics, the graph Fourier transform is a mathematical transform which eigendecomposes the Laplacian matrix of a graph into eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Analogously to the classical Fourier transform, the eigenvalues represent frequencies and eigenvectors form what is known as a graph Fourier basis.

The Graph Fourier transform is important in spectral graph theory. It is widely applied in the recent study of graph structured learning algorithms, such as the widely employed convolutional networks.

Spectral graph theory
In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix.

The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a real symmetric matrix and is therefore orthogonally diagonalizable; its eigenvalues are real algebraic integers.

While the adjacency matrix depends on the vertex labeling, its spectrum is a graph invariant, although not a complete one.

Spectral graph theory is also concerned with graph parameters that are defined via multiplicities of eigenvalues of matrices associated to the graph, such as the Colin de Verdière number.
Categoría Primera C
The Categoría Primera C is the third division tournament of football in Colombia, which is amateur in nature. It is organized by the División Aficionada del Fútbol Colombiano (Difútbol), an entity dependent on the Colombian Football Federation (FCF). Despite being called Primera C and being within the federative football system, it does not grant promotion to the professional Primera B, which is organized by the División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano (Dimayor). According to a study made in 2020, Colombia was the only country in the top 20 of the FIFA ranking lacking a third tier football league linked to its league system. The current champion is Equipo Azul from Valledupar, who won the 2024 and 2025 tournaments.

División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano
The División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano (Major Division of Colombian Professional Football), also known by the truncation DIMAYOR, is an organization responsible for organizing and operating professional football leagues and tournaments in Colombia. It administers the top two levels of professional football leagues in Colombia, the Primera A and the Primera B, as well as the Colombian Superliga and Copa Colombia, Colombia's domestic football cup.