hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Da Costa's syndrome
Da Costa's syndrome, also known as soldier's heart among other names, was a syndrome or a set of symptoms similar to those of heart disease. These include fatigue upon exertion, shortness of breath, palpitations, sweating, chest pain, and sometimes orthostatic intolerance. It was originally thought to be a cardiac condition, and treated with a predecessor to modern cardiac drugs. In modern times, it is believed to represent several unrelated disorders, some of which have a known medical basis.

Historically, similar forms of this disorder have been noticed in various wars, like the American Civil War and Crimean war, and among British troops who colonized India. The condition was named after Jacob Mendes Da Costa who investigated and described the disorder in 1871.

Fatigue
Fatigue is a state of being without energy for a prolonged period of time. Fatigue is used in two contexts: in the medical sense, and in the sense of normal tiredness.

In the medical sense, fatigue is seen as a symptom, and is sometimes associated with medical conditions including autoimmune disease, organ failure, mood disorders, heart disease, infectious diseases, and post-infectious-disease states. However, fatigue is complex and in up to a third of primary care cases no medical or psychiatric diagnosis is found.

In the sense of tiredness, fatigue often follows prolonged physical or mental activity. Physical fatigue results from muscle fatigue brought about by intense physical activity. Mental fatigue results from prolonged periods of cognitive activity which impairs cognitive ability, can manifest as sleepiness, lethargy, or directed attention fatigue, and can also impair physical performance.
Juklavatnet
Juklavatnet is a lake on the border of Kvinnherad Municipality and Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 3.61-square-kilometre (1.39 sq mi) lake lies just outside Folgefonna National Park and immediately to the west of the Nordre Folgefonna glacier. The only road access comes from the small village of Nordrepollen in the Mauranger area of Kvinnherad municipality, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the lake. There is a dam on the western end of the lake which regulates the depth of the water so that it can be used for hydroelectric power generation. The lake is the largest reservoir that feeds into the Mauranger power station.

Folgefonna National Park
Folgefonna National Park (Norwegian: Folgefonna nasjonalpark) is a 545.2-square-kilometre (210.5 sq mi) national park in Vestland county, Norway. The park is located on the Folgefonna peninsula, and it spans the municipalities of Kvinnherad, Etne, and Ullensvang. The national park was opened by Queen Sonja on 14 May 2005.

Folgefonna is a collective term for three glaciers in the park (Nordre Folgefonna, Midtre Folgefonna, and Søndre Folgefonna).  At 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), Folgefonna is the third largest ice cap in Norway. It probably reaches a maximum thickness of 300 to 400 metres (980 to 1,310 ft). Its highest point is 1,662 metres (5,453 ft) above sea level, and this is believed to be one of the wettest places in Norway, receiving an estimated annual precipitation of around 5,500 millimetres (220 in).
Central Eastern Marine Park
The Central Eastern Marine Park (formerly known as the Central Eastern Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is an Australian marine park that extends from the edge of the continental shelf, offshore of New South Wales and 30 km (19 mi) from Coffs Harbour, to about 200 km (120 mi) offshore into deep ocean waters. It incorporates the waters above most of the southern portion of the Tasmantid Seamount Chain. The marine park covers an area of 70,054 km2 (27,048 sq mi) and is assigned IUCN category IV. It is one of 8 parks managed under the Temperate East Marine Parks Network.

Tasmantid Seamount Chain
The Tasmantid  Seamount Chain (alternatively Tasmantid Seamounts, Tasman Seamounts, Tasman Seamount Chain, Tasmantide Volcanoes or the Tasmantids) is a 2,000 km (1,200 mi) long chain of seamounts in the South Pacific Ocean. The chain consists of over 16 extinct volcanic peaks, many rising more than 4,000 m (13,000 ft) from the seabed.
It is one of the two parallel seamount chains alongside the East Coast of Australia; the Lord Howe and Tasmantid seamount chains both run north–south through parts of the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. These chains have longitudes of approximately 159°E and 156°E respectively.

Like its neighbour, the Tasmantid Seamount Chain has resulted from the Indo-Australian Plate moving northward over a stationary hotspot. It ranges in age from about 56 to 7 million years old.
Linolelaidic acid
Linolelaidic acid is an omega-6 trans fatty acid (TFA) and is a cis–trans isomer of linoleic acid. It is found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. It is a white (or colourless) viscous liquid.

TFAs are classified as conjugated and nonconjugated, corresponding usually to the structural elements −CH=CH−CH=CH− and −CH=CH−CH2−CH=CH−, respectively. Nonconjugated TFAs are represented by elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid. Their presence is linked heart diseases. The TFA vaccenic acid, which is of animal origin, poses less of a health risk.

Vaccenic acid
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid and an omega-7 fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt.
Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Vaccenic acid was discovered in 1928 in animal fats and butter.  
Mammals convert it into rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid,

Cow milk had highest trans-vaccenic acid content in the first few days of milking.

Its IUPAC name is (11E)-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 trans-11.  The name was derived from the Latin vacca (cow). Its stereoisomer, cis-vaccenic acid, is found in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) oil. Its IUPAC name is (11Z)-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 cis-11.
Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile (1,140 km) river. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River. The headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River.

The Trinity River was previously identified as the stream that the Caddo called Arkikosa in Central Texas and Daycoa nearer the coast. However, in 2022, language preservationists from the Caddo Nation determined their ancestral language lacked the letter “R” sound. Arkikosa was likely a corruption or misspelling of the word Akokisa. In the vernacular of another tribe, the Atakapa who settled in the Gulf Coast woodlands, Akokisa means “river people.” French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, named the river, Riviere des canoës ("River of Canoes"). In 1690 Spanish explorer Alonso de León named it, "La Santísima Trinidad" ("the Most Holy Trinity").

Caddo
The Caddo people (Caddo language: Hasí꞉nay) comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They formerly spoke the Caddo language.

The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, western Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory.
Derek Cianfrance
Derek M. Cianfrance (/ˈsiːənfræns/; born January 23, 1974) is an American film director, cinematographer, screenwriter, and editor. He is best known for writing and directing the films Blue Valentine (2010), The Place Beyond the Pines (2012), The Light Between Oceans (2017) and Roofman (2025) as well as the HBO miniseries I Know This Much Is True (2020). For his contributions to the story of Sound of Metal (2020), he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay with its director Darius Marder and Abraham Marder.

Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material; writers with "written by", "screenplay" or "story" credits are all collectively recognized as recipients for each nomination.

The category was created in 1940, and has always existed concurrently with the Best Adapted Screenplay category (conversely for films based on pre-existing intellectual properties); originally, it also co-existed with a third writing category, Best Story, which had been active since the original Academy Awards ceremony in 1929; this latter award was meant to reward specifically writers who originated a film's plot and characters rather than those who wrote the dialogue and final screenplay, although Best Story would later be merged into Best Original Screenplay in 1956.
Vexatorella alpina
Vexatorella alpina, the Kamiesberg vexator, is an evergreen, upright shrub of up to about 1½ m high, in the family Proteaceae. It has entire, long inverted egg-shaped, bluish grey, leathery leaves of 3–4½ cm (1.2–1.8 in) long and 5–13 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide on a distinct stalk, and globular flower heads of about 2 cm (0.8 in) across at the tip of the branches, and consisting of pale pink flowers with extended, thick-tipped styles. The plants are flowering from September to November. It is an endemic species that is restricted to the Kamiesberge in South Africa.

Leucospermum secundifolium
Leucospermum secundifolium is a low, evergreen shrub that grows along the ground, the tip of the branches slightly rising, which has been assigned to the family Proteaceae. It has narrowly elliptic leaves with a distinct leafstalk, and few-flowered and very small heads of 1–1½ cm (0.4–0.6 in) across. It is called stalked pincushion in English. The sweetly scented flower heads may be found around early December. It is an endemic species that only grows in a small area of the Western Cape province of South-Africa.
Noctis (video game)
Noctis (Latin for "of the night") is a space flight simulation video game for Windows released in 2000 for free by Italian programmer Alessandro Ghignola. It centers around first-person visual exploration of the fictional Feltyrion galaxy, which is presented as being approximately 90 thousand light-years in radius—double that of the actual Milky Way Galaxy—and containing over 78 billion stars, many of which host star systems with exoplanets and natural satellites.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Craig Waibel
Craig Waibel (born August 21, 1975, in Portland, Oregon) is a former American soccer player who spent eleven seasons in Major League Soccer. He was hired as the sporting director of Seattle Sounders FC in April 2021 and became their general manager in 2022.

Sporting director
A sporting director, or director of sport, is an executive management position in a sports club. The role is well known as a management role for European football clubs, which are sometime also "sports clubs", offering many types of sports. The sporting director is, in many cases, a member of the executive board and therefore an executive director. The sporting director is usually directly subordinate to the chief executive officer or the chairman of the sports organisation. The sporting director is in turn typically the manager of the coaching staff.
The Horse of the Cloud and the Wind
The Horse of the Cloud and the Wind (Persian: اسب ابر و باد) is an Iranian folktale first published by Iranian scholar Mohsen Mihan-Dust. It is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as ATU 314, "Goldener". It deals with a friendship between a king's son and a magic horse that comes from the sea; both are later forced to flee for their lives due to the boy's stepmother, and reach another kingdom, where the boy adopts another identity.

Although it differs from variants wherein a hero acquires golden hair, its starting sequence (persecution by the hero's stepmother) is considered by scholarship as an alternate opening to the same tale type.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Iravum Pagalum Varum
Iravum Pagalum Varum (transl. Night and day will come) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language heist film directed by Bala Sriram in his directorial debut. It stars Mahesh, Ananya, and Jagan, while A. Venkatesh, Sanjana Singh, Yuvarani, and Swaminathan play supporting roles. The music was composed by Dhina with cinematography by E. Krishnasamy. The film was released on 20 March 2015.

Jagan (actor)
Jagan (born December 16, 1976) is an Indian actor and comedian who has appeared in supporting roles in Tamil films. His breakthrough was with K. V. Anand's Ayan, where he played a small-time smuggler Chitti Babu, and the role won him critical acclaim.

He was the anchor of popular show Kadavul Paadhi Mirugam Paadhi, which was about reviewing movies, aired in Vijay TV. The show was pulled off air citing hard-hitting criticism. He is also a prominent TV and stage show host. He also hosts the game show Connexion on Vijay TV. He is married to his longtime girlfriend Vaanmathi.
Rose Bowl (film)
Rose Bowl is a 1936 American comedy film directed by Charles Barton and written by Marguerite Roberts. The film stars Eleanore Whitney, Tom Brown, Buster Crabbe, William Frawley, Benny Baker and Nydia Westman. The film was released on October 30, 1936, by Paramount Pictures.

Buster Crabbe
Clarence Linden "Buster" Crabbe II (/ˈkræb/; February 7, 1908 – April 23, 1983) was an American two-time Olympic swimmer and film and television actor. He won the 1932 Olympic gold medal for 400-metre freestyle swimming event, which launched his career on the silver screen and later television. He starred in a variety of popular feature films and movie serials released between 1933 and the 1950s, portraying the top three syndicated comic-strip heroes of the 1930s: Tarzan, Flash Gordon, and Buck Rogers.
Muller–Schupp theorem
In mathematics, the Muller–Schupp theorem states that a finitely generated group G has context-free word problem if and only if G is virtually free. The theorem was proved by David Muller and Paul Schupp in 1983.

Graph of groups
In geometric group theory, a graph of groups is an object consisting of a collection of groups indexed by the vertices and edges of a graph, together with a family of monomorphisms of the edge groups into the vertex groups.
There is a unique group, called the fundamental group, canonically associated to each finite connected graph of groups. It admits an orientation-preserving action on a tree: the original graph of groups can be recovered from the quotient graph and the stabilizer subgroups. This theory, commonly referred to as Bass–Serre theory, is due to the work of Hyman Bass and Jean-Pierre Serre.
Emily Edgcombe
Emily Mae Edgcombe (born 25 June 1999) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Somerset. An all-rounder, she plays as a right-handed batter and left-arm medium bowler. She has previously played for Cornwall, Devon and Western Storm.

Western Storm
Western Storm were a women's cricket team that represented South West England and Wales, one of eight regional hubs in English domestic cricket. They primarily played their home matches at the County Ground, Taunton, the County Ground, Bristol and Sophia Gardens. They were captained by Sophie Luff and coached by Trevor Griffin. The team were partnered with Somerset, Gloucestershire, Glamorgan, Devon, Cornwall, Wiltshire and Cricket Wales. Originally formed to compete in the Women's Cricket Super League in 2016, Western Storm won the competition twice, in 2017 and 2019. When women's cricket in England was reformed in 2020, the Western Storm brand was retained, and they competed in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy and the Charlotte Edwards Cup.

At the end of the 2024 season, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, the team was effectively replaced by a professionalised Somerset team.
Célia Šašić
Célia Šašić (née Okoyino da Mbabi; German pronunciation: [ˈtseːlja ˈʃaːʃɪtʃ]; born 27 June 1988) is a German former footballer who played as a striker for SC 07 Bad Neuenahr, 1. FFC Frankfurt and the Germany national team before retiring in 2015.

Eintracht Frankfurt (women)
Eintracht Frankfurt is a German women's association football club based in Frankfurt. Its first team currently plays in the German top flight, Frauen-Bundesliga. From 1998 to 2020, the club was known as 1. FFC Frankfurt.

Eintracht have won seven German women's football championships, nine Frauen DFB-Pokals, and four UEFA Women's Champions League titles (trailing only Lyon). Eintracht play at the Stadion am Brentanobad, and their biggest rivals are 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam.
1992 Pennsylvania Attorney General election
The 1992 Pennsylvania Attorney General election was held on November 3, 1992, in order to elect the Attorney General of Pennsylvania. Incumbent attorney general Republican Ernie Preate defeated Democratic nominee Joe Kohn.

Ernie Preate
Ernest D. Preate, Jr. (born November 22, 1940) is a former Republican Pennsylvania Attorney General. As Attorney General, he argued before the United States Supreme Court in the landmark case, Planned Parenthood of Southeast Pennsylvania v. Casey on behalf of Robert P. Casey, then governor of Pennsylvania. Preate also successfully argued another landmark case, Blystone v. Pennsylvania in the United States Supreme Court addressing the death penalty.

Prior to serving as Attorney General, Preate was elected Lackawanna County District Attorney. He ran for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1994, but came in second for the Republican nomination behind then-congressman Tom Ridge, who won the general election.

In 1995, Preate went to jail after pleading guilty to mail fraud charges.
Express-class schooner
The Express class was a class of two schooner-rigged advice-boats of the Royal Navy. John Henslow designed the schooners to carry dispatches. To achieve speed they were long and sharp-lined. However, the Navy did not like them and so the Navy Board ordered no more after the launch of the two in 1800.

Both were commissioned in January 1801 for Jersey, and both sailed in a year or so for Trinidad. Express served until she was sold in 1813; Advice was lost in 1804 in the West Indies, or sold there in 1805.

The Navy tried again to find a design for an advice-boat. In 1804 it ordered 18 Ballahoo-class schooners. Then a year later it ordered 12 Cuckoo-class schooners. Both classes were built in Bermuda.

Cuckoo-class schooner
The Cuckoo class was a class of twelve 4-gun schooners of the Royal Navy, built by contract in English shipyards during the Napoleonic War. They followed the design of the Bermuda-designed and built Ballahoo-class schooners, and more particularly, that of Haddock. The Admiralty ordered all twelve vessels on 11 December 1805. A number of different builders in different yards built them, with all launching in 1806.
Eberron
Eberron is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) role-playing game. The game is set primarily on the continent of Khorvaire following a vast destructive war. Eberron is designed to accommodate traditional D&D elements and races within a differently toned setting; Eberron combines a fantasy tone with pulp and dark adventure elements, and some non-traditional fantasy technologies such as trains, skyships, and mechanical beings which are all powered by magic.

Eberron was created by author and game designer Keith Baker as the winning entry for Wizards of the Coast's Fantasy Setting Search, a competition run in 2002 to establish a new setting for the D&D game. Eberron was chosen from more than 11,000 entries, and was officially released with the publication of the Eberron Campaign Setting hardback book in June 2004.

Magic in Dungeons & Dragons
The magic in Dungeons & Dragons consists of the spells and magic systems used in the settings of the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D). D&D defined the genre of fantasy role-playing games, and remains the most popular table-top version. Many of the original concepts have become widely used in the role-playing community across many different fictional worlds, as well as across all manner of popular media including books, board games, video games, and films.

The specific effects of each spell, and even the names of some spells, vary from edition to edition of the Dungeons & Dragons corpus.
Lazar Dokić
Lazar Dokić (Serbian Cyrillic: Лазар Докић; 27 September 1845 – 13 December 1893) was a Serbian doctor, professor of anatomy, politician, academic and a tutor to king Alexander Obrenović. He served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia as well as Minister of Education and Religious Affairs from 1 April to 4 June 1893 then to 16 June to 5 December 1893.

Alexander I of Serbia
Alexander I (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Обреновић, romanized: Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 1876 – 11 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbian Army officers, led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević.
Recognition of same-sex unions in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh does not recognise same-sex marriages or civil unions. However, live-in relationships are not unlawful in Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Supreme Court has held that adults have a constitutional right to live together without being married, and that police cannot interfere with consenting adults living together. The Allahabad High Court has upheld this constitutional right in multiple writ petitions, notably Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh in 2020 and Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh in 2021. However, in 2022 the High Court dismissed a case seeking to legalise same-sex marriage.

Allahabad High Court
Allahabad High Court, officially known as High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, is the high court based in the city of Prayagraj, formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established on 17 March 1866, making it one of the oldest high courts to be established in India.
Truck Simulator
Truck Simulator is a vehicle simulation game series created by SCS Software. The first title in the series, Euro Truck Simulator, was released on 29 August 2008 for Microsoft Windows and OS X and the first European-truck simulation established gameplay. The sequel to Euro Truck Simulator, Euro Truck Simulator 2, was released on 19 October 2012 for Microsoft Windows and in 2013 for Linux. It is the successor to the developer's previous truck simulation series 18 Wheels of Steel.

18 Wheels of Steel
18 Wheels of Steel is a series of trucking simulators developed by SCS Software and published by ValuSoft from 2002 to 2011, as a spin-off of Hard Truck, with the first game becoming the third Hard Truck game released.