hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hodge bundle
In mathematics, the Hodge bundle, named after W. V. D. Hodge, appears in the study of families of curves, where it provides an invariant in the moduli theory of algebraic curves. Furthermore, it has applications to the theory of modular forms on reductive algebraic groups and string theory.

Moduli space
In mathematics, in particular algebraic geometry, a moduli space  is a geometric space (usually a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent algebro-geometric objects of some fixed kind, or isomorphism classes of such objects.  Such spaces frequently arise as solutions to classification problems:  If one can show that a collection of interesting objects (e.g., the smooth algebraic curves of a fixed genus) can be given the structure of a geometric space, then one can parametrize such objects by introducing coordinates on the resulting space.  In this context, the term "modulus" is used synonymously with "parameter"; moduli spaces were first understood as spaces of parameters rather than as spaces of objects. A variant of moduli spaces is formal moduli. Bernhard Riemann first used the term "moduli" in 1857.
Alone at Last (film)
Alone at Last (Italian: Finalmente soli) is a 1942 Italian period comedy film directed by Giacomo Gentilomo, starring Enrico Viarisio, María Mercader and Maurizio D'Ancora. It featured a supporting role for the future star Anna Magnani. It was shot at the Pisorno Studios in Tirrenia. The film's sets were designed by the art director Veniero Colasanti.

Rodolfo Gucci
Rodolfo Gucci (16 July 1912 – 15 May 1983), also known by his stage name Maurizio D'Ancora, was an Italian actor and entrepreneur, who appeared in more than 40 films between 1929 and 1946. He was a member of the Gucci family. His only child, Maurizio Gucci, was named after his stage name.
María Remedios del Valle
María Remedios del Valle (ca. 1768–1847) also known as the "Madre de la Patria" (Mother of the Homeland) was a pardo soldier who participated in the Argentine War of Independence on the side of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.

Although initially a civilian camp follower, she joined the Army of the North and participated in several battles. She was captured by Spanish forces after the Battle of Ayohuma, but escaped. Her entire family was killed in the war. When the war ended, she returned to Buenos Aires and eventually turned to begging. Discovered by one of the generals under whom she had fought, she was approved for a pension which was paid over the last decade of her life.

Largely forgotten until the turn of the 21st century when Argentine historians began including the contributions of Black Argentines, she is now widely recognized for her contributions to the independence of the nation. Her portrait is on the 10,000 peso note released in May 2024.

Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence (Spanish: guerra de la independencia argentina) was a set of military events from 1810 to 1825 which resulted in the consolidation of Argentina as an independent country from Spanish rule. The historiographical term encompasses battles and military feats such as the Crossing of the Andes. Formal independence was declared in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.
Douglas, Falkland Islands
Douglas, also known as Douglas Settlement is a settlement in the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. It is located on the west shore of Salvador Water on East Falkland. Established as a sheep farm in the mid-19th century by Robert Greenshield, it retains a small agricultural community.

East Falkland
East Falkland (Spanish: Isla Soledad, meaning "Solitude Island") is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic, having an area of 6,605 km2 (2,550 square miles) or 54% of the total area of the Falklands. The island consists of two main land masses, of which the more southerly is known as Lafonia; it is joined by a narrow isthmus where the settlement of Goose Green is located, and it was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

The two main centres of population in the Falklands, Stanley and Mount Pleasant, which are both in the northern half of East Falkland, are home to three-quarters of the island's population.
Hunts Cross railway station
Hunts Cross railway station is a Grade II listed railway station in Hunt's Cross,  Liverpool, England. It is situated on the southern branch of the City Line (Merseytravel)'s Liverpool to Manchester Line route, and is the southern terminus of Merseyrail's Northern Line.

Warrington Central railway station
Warrington Central is one of three main railway stations serving the town of Warrington in Cheshire, England. It is located on the southern route of the Liverpool to Manchester Lines, the former Cheshire Lines Committee route between Liverpool and Manchester; the station is situated approximately halfway between the two cities.

The second station in the town is Warrington Bank Quay, which accommodates electrified lines on the West Coast Main Line with services to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, Liverpool Lime Street and Glasgow Central. The third is Warrington West, which opened in 2019 and is on the same line as Warrington Central.
1940 Minnesota Secretary of State election
The 1940 Minnesota Secretary of State election was held on November 5, 1940, in order to elect the Secretary of State of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent Secretary of State Mike Holm defeated Farmer–Labor nominee James I. Heller and Democratic nominee Austin T. Haley.

Mike Holm
Mike Holm (June 17, 1876 – July 6, 1952) was a Swedish-born American politician and the longest-serving Minnesota Secretary of State, serving from January 4, 1921 until his death. His wife, Virginia Paul Holm, later succeeded him in the office. A resident of Roseau, Minnesota, Holm was a Republican.
Miamou
Miamou (Greek: Μιαμού) is a mountain village and a community in Greece (elevation 353 metres) 60 km south of Heraklion, on the south of Crete. It belongs to the municipality of Gortyn. The community, which includes the villages Lentas, Dyskos, Krotos and Papadogiannis, had 252 inhabitants (2021). The Libyan Sea is 4 km to the south.

Gortyn
Gortyn, Gortys or Gortyna (Greek: Γόρτυν, Γόρτυς, or Γόρτυνα, pronounced [ˈɣortina]) is a municipality, and an archaeological site, on the Mediterranean island of Crete 45 km (28 mi) away from the island's capital, Heraklion. The seat of the municipality is the village Agioi Deka. Gortyn was the Roman capital of Creta et Cyrenaica. The area was first inhabited around 7000 BC.

It is located in the valley of Messara in the south of the Psiloritis mountain, in the current position of the settlements of Metropolis and Agioi Deka, and near the Libyan Sea.
Betty Webb (code breaker)
Charlotte Elizabeth Webb (née Vine-Stevens; 13 May 1923 – 31 March 2025) was an English code breaker who worked at Bletchley Park during World War II from the age of 18. In 1941 she joined the British Auxiliary Territorial Service. She said, of joining the top-secret mission at Bletchley, "I wanted to do something more for the war effort than bake sausage rolls."

Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park is an English country house and estate in Bletchley, Milton Keynes (Buckinghamshire), that became the principal centre of Allied code-breaking during the Second World War. During World War II, the estate housed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), which regularly penetrated the secret communications of the Axis powers –  most importantly the German Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The GC&CS team of codebreakers included John Tiltman, Dilwyn Knox, Alan Turing, Harry Golombek, Gordon Welchman, Hugh Alexander, Donald Michie, Bill Tutte and Stuart Milner-Barry.

The team at Bletchley Park, 75% women, devised automatic machinery to help with decryption, culminating in the development of Colossus, the world's first programmable digital electronic computer. Codebreaking operations at Bletchley Park ended in 1946 and all information about the wartime operations was classified until the mid-1970s. After the war it had various uses and now houses the Bletchley Park museum.
Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem
Mount Kerckhove de Denterghem (72°37′S 31°8′E﻿ / ﻿72.617°S 31.133°E﻿ / -72.617; 31.133) is a mountain, 2,400 metres (8,000 ft) high, just north of Mount Collard in the Belgica Mountains of Antarctica. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache, who named it for Count Charles de Kerchove de Denterghem, a patron of the expedition.

Mount Collard
Mount Collard (72°38′S 31°7′E﻿ / ﻿72.633°S 31.117°E﻿ / -72.633; 31.117) is a mountain rising to 2,350 metres (7,710 ft), standing 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) south of Mount Perov at the southern extremity of the Belgica Mountains. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1957–58, under G. de Gerlache and named by him for Leo Collard, Belgian Minister of Public Instruction.
November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle
British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak carried out the second cabinet reshuffle of his premiership on 13 November 2023. Suella Braverman was replaced as Home Secretary by James Cleverly. Cleverly was replaced as Foreign Secretary by the former Prime Minister David Cameron, who was made a life peer as Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton.

Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)
The secretary of state for foreign, commonwealth and development affairs, commonly known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The role is one of the most senior ministers in the UK Government and is a Great Office of State. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom and National Security Council, and reports directly to the prime minister.

The officeholder works alongside the other Foreign Office ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow foreign secretary. The Foreign Affairs Select Committee also evaluates the secretary of state's performance.

The current foreign secretary is Yvette Cooper. She was appointed by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on 5 September 2025.
Cristóbal López Romero
Cristóbal López Romero SDB (born 19 May 1952) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who has served as the Archbishop of Rabat since March 2018. He is a member of the Salesians and before becoming a bishop devoted himself to pastoral work in Latin America while taking on administrative responsibilities within his order. He also holds Paraguayan citizenship.

Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 5 October 2019.

Salesians of Don Bosco
The Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB), formally known as the Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Latin: Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii), is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, founded in 1859 by the Italian priest John Bosco to help poor and migrant youth during the Industrial Revolution. The congregation was named after Francis de Sales, a 17th-century bishop of Geneva.

The Salesians' charter describes the society's mission as "the Christian perfection of its associates obtained by the exercise of spiritual and corporal works of charity towards the young, especially the poor, and the education of boys to the priesthood". Its associated women's institute is the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, while the lay movement is the Association of Salesian Cooperators.
Pierre Bernard Palassou
Pierre Bernard Palassou (9 June 1745, Oloron-Sainte-Marie – 9 April 1830, Ogenne-Camptort) was a French naturalist known for pioneer geological and mineralogical studies of the Pyrénées.

He was a correspondent member of the Académie des sciences (1816–1830) and an honorary member of the Société linnéenne de Paris (1821). His name is associated with the "Poudingues de Palassou", which are enormous beds of conglomerate rock found in the Pyrénées. In 1784 he described Quercus palensis (Pyrenean oak) of the botanical family Fagaceae, (synonym Quercus pyrenaica Willd.).

Quercus pyrenaica
Quercus pyrenaica, also known as Pyrenean oak, or Spanish oak is a tree native to southwestern Europe and northwestern North Africa. Despite its common name, it is rarely found in the Pyrenees Mountains and is more abundant in northern Portugal and north and northwestern Spain.

It is placed in section Quercus.

The oak is cultivated as an ornamental tree for gardens and parks.
Edwin A. Lahey
Edwin A. Lahey (1902–1969) was a 20th-century American journalist, known for his coverage of Al Capone and John Dillinger, the labor beat, and personal knowledge of Philip Murray, Lee Pressman, James Carey, John L. Lewis, Robert A. Taft, and Thomas E. Dewey. US Representative William H. Ayres called him "a crusader for all of us in these United States of America," while Knight Newspapers's John S. Knight, called him "the best newspaper reporter in my profession."

William Hanes Ayres
William Hanes Ayres (February 5, 1916 – December 27, 2000) was an American World War II veteran and politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio from 1951 to 1971.
Ninja Mack
Brenden McAleavey (born December 31, 1989), better known by his ring name Ninja Mack, is an American professional wrestler currently performing for Pro Wrestling Noah, where he is a one-time GHC Junior Heavyweight Champion and one-time GHC Openweight Hardcore Champion. He also worked for Game Changer Wrestling and Ring of Honor.

Game Changer Wrestling
Game Changer Wrestling (GCW), formerly known as Jersey Championship Wrestling (JCW), is an American independent professional wrestling promotion based in New Jersey. The promotion was originally founded by Ricky Otazu in 1999; it was rebranded under its current name in 2015, after a sale to Danny Demanto and current owner Brett Lauderdale. The promotion specializes in hardcore wrestling, as well as mixed martial arts–inspired shoot style matches.

GCW has grown from running shows based in New Jersey, to holding events across the United States, as well as internationally in Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Germany, France, and Mexico. Annual GCW events include Backyard Wrestling, Bloodsport, Joey Janela's Spring Break, the NGI, and the Tournament of Survival.
Somewhere in Camp
Somewhere in Camp is a 1942 British comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley and starring Frank Randle, Harry Korris and Robbie Vincent. The film continues the adventures of Private Randle from the 1940 film Somewhere in England. It was followed in 1943 by Somewhere on Leave.

Somewhere on Leave
Somewhere on Leave is a 1943 British comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley and starring Frank Randle, Harry Korris and Dan Young. It was written by Roney Parsons and Anthony Toner and was the third in a series of five Somewhere films following Private Randle and his comrades.
Juan Armenteros
Juan Francis Armenteros (June 24, 1928 – October 8, 2003) was a professional Cuban baseball player in the Negro leagues. He played as a catcher for a number of teams including the Kansas City Monarchs from 1953 to 1955 as well as the Havana Cubans from 1951 to 1953. Armenteros played in the 1953 East-West All-Star Game as well as the Negro leagues all-star team for three years.

Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. After relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, the team was disbanded in 1965.
Architecture of Berlin
Berlin's history has left the city with an eclectic assortment of architecture. The city's appearance in the 21st century has been shaped by the key role the city played in Germany's history during the 19th and 20th-century.

Each of the governments based in Berlin—the Kingdom of Prussia, the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany and the reunified Federal Republic of Germany—initiated ambitious construction programs, with each adding its distinct flavour to the city's architecture.

Kaufhaus des Westens
The Kaufhaus des Westens (German for 'Department Store of the West'), abbreviated to KaDeWe, is a Thai-owned department store in Berlin, Germany. With over 60,000 square meters (650,000 sq ft) of retail space and more than 380,000 articles available, it is the second-largest department store in Europe after Harrods in London. It attracts 40,000 to 50,000 visitors every day.

The store is located on Tauentzienstraße, a major shopping street, between Wittenbergplatz and Breitscheidplatz, near the heart of former West Berlin. It is technically in the extreme northwest of the south Berlin neighborhood of Schöneberg.
Jordens Peters
Jordens Peters (born 3 May 1987) is a Dutch football executive and former professional player who is currently the chief executive of Roda JC Kerkrade. During his playing career he played as a centre-back and represented Willem II and FC Den Bosch.

FC Den Bosch
FC Den Bosch (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛfˈseː dɛmˈbɔs]) is a professional football club from 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. They currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.

They were founded 18 August 1965, as FC Den Bosch/BVV. They are the successor of BVV (1906) and Wilhelmina (1890). Their stadium is called 'De Vliert', an 6,500 all-seater. Ruud van Nistelrooy started his professional career at this club. In 2005 they finished bottom of the Eredivisie and were relegated and currently compete in the Eerste Divisie.
Vermont Route 129
Vermont Route 129 (VT 129) is a short, 5.415-mile-long (8.715 km) connector route for Isle La Motte and Alburgh in the state of Vermont in the United States. VT 129 begins at an intersection in the centre of Isle La Motte, heads northward and terminates at an intersection with U.S. Route 2 (US 2) in Alburgh. The route originated as Vermont Route F-2 in 1926, and was the name of the road that approached a ferry to Chazy. Route F-2 followed the same routing as the current VT 129, to which it was renumbered in 1944.

Alburgh (town), Vermont
Alburgh (formerly Alburg) is a town in Grand Isle County, Vermont, United States, founded in 1781 by Ira Allen. The population was 2,106 at the 2020 United States census. Alburgh is on the Alburgh Tongue, a peninsula extending from Canada into Lake Champlain, and lies on the only road-based route across Lake Champlain to New York state north of Addison, Vermont.
Joseph P. Heremans
Joseph P. Heremans was a condensed matter experimental physicist at The Ohio State University where he held titles as Ohio Eminent Scholar and Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, with courtesy appointments in the Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His research focused on magneto-transport, thermal, and thermoelectric properties of electrons, phonons, and spin in narrow-gap semiconductors, semimetals, and nanostructures.
Prior to OSU, Heremans worked as a research scientist and research manager at GM Research Lab from 1984-1998 and the Delphi Research Labs (1999-2005), where he developed tunable IR diode lasers and magnetic sensors.

Semimetal
A semimetal is a material with a small energy overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band, but they do not overlap in momentum space. According to electronic band theory, solids can be classified as insulators, semiconductors, semimetals, or metals. In insulators and semiconductors the filled valence band is separated from an empty conduction band by a band gap. For insulators, the magnitude of the band gap is larger (e.g., > 4 eV) than that of a semiconductor (e.g., < 4 eV). Because of the slight overlap between the conduction and valence bands, semimetals have no band gap and a small density of states at the Fermi level. A metal, by contrast, has an appreciable density of states at the Fermi level because the conduction band is partially filled.
N2 road (Ghana)
The N2 or National Highway 2 is a national highway in Ghana that begins at the Tema Motorway interchange at Tema and runs through Hohoe, Nkwanta, Yendi, and Bawku to the border with Burkina Faso at Kulungugu. It is the main north-south highway in the eastern corridor of the country, with a total distance of 640 kilometres (400 mi). The route runs through the Greater Accra, Eastern, Volta, Oti, Northern, North East Region and Upper East regions of Ghana.

The route links the N1 to the N10.

Bawku
Bawku is a town in and the capital of Bawku Municipal District, Upper East Region, in north Ghana, adjacent to the border with Burkina Faso. The municipality has a total land area of about 257 km2. It was established by Legislative Instrument (L.I) 2103. In 2021, Bawku had a population of 119,458 people.
Tom Copinger-Symes
Lieutenant General Sir Tom Richardson Copinger-Symes, KCB, CBE (born 18 November 1969) is a senior British Army officer, who served as the Deputy Commander, Strategic Command from May 2022 to November 2025. He previously served as General Officer Commanding Force Troops Command and Director of Military Digitisation, Strategic Command.

General officer commanding
General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries (and some other nations, such as Ireland) to a general officer who holds a command appointment.

Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps (a three-star appointment) or GOC British 7th Armoured Division (a two-star appointment).
Onward Indonesia Coalition
The Onward Indonesia Coalition (Indonesian: Koalisi Indonesia Maju, abbrev: KIM ), formerly the Working Indonesia Coalition (Indonesian: Koalisi Indonesia Kerja, KIK), was an official political coalition in Indonesia that supported the presidential/vice presidential candidates Joko Widodo and Ma'ruf Amin in the 2019 presidential election. It was initially known as the Working Indonesia Coalition, founded in 2018. The coalition was later utilized as the government of President Joko Widodo from 2019 to 2024. It was dissolved on 20 October 2024.

Ma'ruf Amin
Ma'ruf Amin (born 11 March 1943) is an Indonesian politician, Islamic cleric, and lecturer who served as the 13th vice president of Indonesia from 2019 to 2024. Aged nearly 77 years old when inaugurated, he is the oldest Indonesian vice president to ever be sworn in.

He was the chairman of the Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, or MUI) when he accepted the vice-presidential nomination. On 9 August 2018, President Joko Widodo announced that Ma'ruf would be his running mate in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Following his candidacy, he resigned as General Leader (rais 'aam syuriah) of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the world's largest Islamic organization.