hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Null set
In mathematical analysis, a null set is a Lebesgue measurable set of real numbers that has measure zero.  This can be characterized as a set that can be covered by a countable union of intervals of arbitrarily small total length.

A null set is not to be confused with the empty set as defined in set theory. Although the empty set has Lebesgue measure zero, there are also non-empty sets which are null.  For example, any non-empty countable set of real numbers has Lebesgue measure zero and therefore is null.

More generally, on a given measure space  a null set is a set  such that

Countable set
In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time, although the counting may never finish due to an infinite number of elements.

In more technical terms, assuming the axiom of countable choice, a set is countable if its cardinality (the number of elements of the set) is not greater than that of the natural numbers. A countable set that is not finite is said to be countably infinite.

The concept is attributed to Georg Cantor, who proved the existence of uncountable sets, that is, sets that are not countable; for example the set of the real numbers.
Aprilio Manganang
Aprilio Perkasa Manganang (born Aprilia Santini Manganang; April 27, 1992, in Tahuna, North Sulawesi) is an Indonesian volleyball player who competed as a woman but was later determined to be an intersex male post-retirement. He was a member of Indonesia women's national team. He played in 2019 Women's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League for the Supreme Volleyball Club as an import player.

Supreme Volleyball Club
Supreme Volleyball Club (Thai: สโมสรวอลเลย์บอลสุพรีม ชลบุรี)   is a Thai professional women's volleyball club based in Bangkok and have managed by Supreme Volleyball Club Co., Ltd. which was a subsidiary of Supreme Distribution (Thailand) Co., Ltd. The club was founded in 2009 as Supreme Nakhon Si Thammarat before reformed in to Supreme Chonburi in 2013.

Supreme Volleyball Club won their first Thailand League title in 2016–17, the AVC Club Volleyball Championship title in 2017, and the Super League in 2017.
1993 Sandown 500
The 1993 Sandown 500 was an endurance race for Group 3A Touring Cars and selected Group 3E Series Production Cars, held at the Sandown circuit in Victoria, Australia on 12 September 1993. The event was staged over 161 laps of the 3.10 km circuit, a total distance of 499 km. It was the 28th Sandown 500.

The race was won by  Geoff Brabham and David Parsons driving a Ford Falcon EB entered by Peter Jackson Racing.

Group 3E Series Production Cars
Group 3E Series Production Cars is an Australian motor racing formula for production based cars competing with limited modifications. Group 3E cars formerly contested the Australian Manufacturers' Championship and Australian Production Car Championship titles and compete in the annual Bathurst 12 Hour and Bathurst 6 Hour endurance races.
Dilip Lahariya
Dilip Lahariya (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Chhattisgarh. He is a two time MLA from Masturi Assembly constituency, which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in Bilaspur district. He won the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election, representing the Indian National Congress.

Masturi Assembly constituency
Masturi is one of the 90 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh state in India. It is in Bilaspur district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes. It is also part of Bilaspur Lok Sabha constituency.

Previously, Masturi was part of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly until the state of Chhattisgarh was created in 2000.
Not Angels But Angels
Not Angels But Angels is a 1994 documentary film about teenage boys and young men in Prague working as prostitutes, primarily there and also in other European cities in the region. The creator of the documentary, Wiktor Grodecki interviews the hustlers, who give ages ranging from 14 to 20 years, to find out more about their lives and how they came to make a living by selling sex. The film explores their hopes and fears, what they hope to be doing in the future, and coping with the possibility of being infected with HIV. The film also presents comments by a man who arranges liaisons between tourists and young male hustlers in the Prague central train station. The conversations are in a mix of Czech with English subtitles, and English.

The film is the first of Grodecki's trilogy of films about male prostitution, the other two being Body Without Soul and Mandragora, and was shown at the London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival in 1995.

Male prostitution
Male prostitution is a form of sex work consisting of the act or practice of men providing sexual services in return for payment. Although clients can be of any gender, the vast majority are older males looking to fulfill their sexual needs. Male prostitutes have been far less studied than female prostitutes by researchers. Even so, male prostitution has an extensive history, including regulation through homosexuality, conceptual developments on sexuality, and the HIV/AIDS epidemic impact. In the last century, male sex work has seen various advancements such as popularizing new sexual acts, methods of exchange, and carving out a spot in cinema.
132 BC Yellow River flood
The 132 BC Yellow River flood was a major flood of China's Yellow River in the year 132 BC during the reign of the emperor Liu Chi, posthumously known as the Wu Emperor of the Western Han dynasty. The river breached the dyke at Dingtao in Shandong, covered the Juye Plain, and reached the channel of the Si River, following it south of Shandong to flow into the lower Huai and the Yellow Sea. After the initial attempt to repair the damage failed, the Han Empire did nothing further for decades, partially due to government corruption and partially due to imperial superstition. The dyke was finally restored and the river returned to its former channel in 109 BC.

The story of the breach and its repair form a large section of Sima Qian's c. 91 BC Records of the Grand Historian and the historian himself was involved with the 109 BC repairs in a minor capacity.

Huai River
The Huai River, formerly romanized as the Hwai, is a major river in East China, about 1,110 km (690 mi) long with a drainage area of 174,000 km2 (67,000 sq mi). It is located about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two longest rivers and largest drainage basins in China. Historically draining eastwards directly into the Yellow Sea, erosion from floods have changed the course of the river such that it now primarily discharges into the Yangtze. The Huai River is, to this day, notoriously vulnerable to flooding.

The Qinling–Huaihe Line, formed by the Huai River and the Qin Mountains, is sometimes regarded as the geographical dividing line between northern and southern China. This line approximates the 0 °C (32 °F) January isotherm and the 800 millimeters (30 in) isohyet in China.
Tamagawa number
In mathematics, the Tamagawa number  of a semisimple algebraic group defined over a global field k is the measure of , where  is the adele ring of k. Tamagawa numbers were introduced by Tamagawa (1966), and named after him by Weil (1959).

Tsuneo Tamagawa's observation was that, starting from an invariant differential form ω on G, defined over k, the measure involved was well-defined: while ω could be replaced by cω with c a non-zero element of , the product formula for valuations in k is reflected by the independence from c of the measure of the quotient, for the product measure constructed from ω on each effective factor. The computation of Tamagawa numbers for semisimple groups contains important parts of classical quadratic form theory.

André Weil
André Weil (/veɪ/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe vɛj]; 6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998) was a French mathematician, known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. His influence is due
both to his original contributions to a remarkably broad
spectrum of mathematical theories, and to the mark 
he left on mathematical practice and style, through
some of his own works as well as through the Bourbaki group, of which he was one of the principal
founders.
Trigger Inside
"Trigger Inside" is a song by Northern Irish rock band Therapy?, released as a single on 28 February 1994, through A&M Records. It is included on the band's second major-label album, Troublegum (1994). The single reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart and number 16 on the Irish Singles Chart. The single was released on CD, CD digipak, 12-inch vinyl, yellow 7-inch vinyl, and cassette.

Therapy?
Therapy? are  a Northern Irish rock band from Larne, formed in 1989 by guitarist-vocalist Andy Cairns and drummer-vocalist Fyfe Ewing. Therapy? recorded their first demo with Cairns filling in on bass guitar. To complete the lineup, the band recruited Larne bassist Michael McKeegan. The band signed with major label A&M Records in 1992, for which they released four albums, most notably Troublegum in 1994 and Infernal Love in 1995. Ewing's departure in early 1996 preceded the arrivals of his replacement Graham Hopkins, as well as Martin McCarrick on guitar and cello. Neil Cooper replaced Hopkins in 2002. McCarrick departed in 2004, and the band have remained a three-piece ever since.

Therapy? are currently signed to UK independent label Marshall Records. The band have released 14 studio albums and sold over two million albums worldwide.
Josh Cohen (basketball)
Joshua Cohen (born May 29, 2001) is an American basketball player for the Sioux Falls Skyforce of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Saint Francis Red Flash, UMass Minutemen and USC Trojans.

UMass Minutemen basketball
The UMass Minutemen basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Amherst, Massachusetts, in NCAA Division I men's college basketball. They play their home games in the William D. Mullins Memorial Center. The Minutemen currently compete in the Mid-American Conference. UMass reached the Final Four at the 1996 NCAA tournament, its best finish at the NCAA tournament in program history.
Zeuthen–Segre invariant
In algebraic geometry, the Zeuthen–Segre invariant I is an invariant of a projective surface found in a complex projective space which was introduced by Zeuthen (1871) and rediscovered by Corrado Segre (1896).

The invariant I is defined to be d – 4g – b if the surface has a pencil of curves, non-singular of genus g except for d curves with 1 ordinary node, and with b base points where the curves are non-singular and transverse.

Alexander (1914) showed that the Zeuthen–Segre invariant I is χ–4, where χ is the topological Euler–Poincaré characteristic introduced by Poincaré (1895), which is equal to the Chern number c2 of the surface.

James Waddell Alexander II
James Waddell Alexander II (September 19, 1888 –  September 23, 1971) was a mathematician and topologist of the pre-World War II era and part of an influential Princeton topology elite, which included Oswald Veblen, Solomon Lefschetz, and others. He was one of the first members of the Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1951), and also a professor at Princeton University (1920–1951).
Austin MacPhee
Austin MacPhee (born 11 October 1979) is a Scottish professional football coach and former player who is currently the set piece coach of Premier League club Aston Villa and assistant head coach of the Portugal national team.

MacPhee has a reputation for his work with set pieces, which he was first given responsibility for by Northern Ireland national team head coach Michael O'Neill. This led to MacPhee's appointment as a specialist set piece coach with Danish Superliga side Midtjylland, who are famed for their focus in this area.

Set piece (football)
The term set piece or set play is used in association football and rugby football to refer to a situation when the ball is returned to open play, for example following a stoppage, particularly in a forward area of the pitch. In association football, the term usually refers to free kicks and corners, but sometimes penalties, throw-ins and kick-offs. Many goals result from such positions, whether scored directly or indirectly. Thus defending set pieces is an important skill for defenders, and attacking players spend much time practicing them; set pieces are one area where tactics and routines can be worked out in training in advance of matches. Some players specialize in set pieces.
Hyōgo-ku, Kobe
Hyogo (兵庫区, Hyōgo-ku) is one of nine wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 14.68 km2 and a population of 109,144 (as of 2020).

The area's location with a natural harbour near the Akashi Strait which links Osaka Bay and the Seto inland sea has been an important location throughout the history of Japan. The capital of Japan was located in the area for a short period in the 12th century. Today the area is an important manufacturing zone.

The modern ward of Hyogo was formed as Sōsai-ku (湊西区, 'Minato (a surname) West Ward') when Kobe adopted the system of wards in 1931. Its name was changed to Hyogo in 1933 and its current boundaries were settled in 1971. The floral emblem of the ward is the pansy.

Wards of Japan
A ward (区, ku) is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance.  Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance ("designated city"). The 23 special wards of Tokyo Metropolis have a municipal status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku, although their predecessors were.

Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government.  They handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents' organizations for a number of tasks, although these do not have any legal authority.
2023 Michelin GT Challenge at VIR
The 2023 Michelin GT Challenge at VIR was a sports car race sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). The Race was held at Virginia International Raceway in Alton, Virginia on August 27, 2023. The event was the ninth round of the 2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the sixth round of the WeatherTech Sprint Cup.

2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship
The 2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2023 IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship) was the 53rd racing season sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association, which traces its lineage back to the 1971 IMSA GT Championship. It was also the tenth season of the IMSA SportsCar Championship since the merger between the American Le Mans Series and the Rolex Sports Car Series in 2014, and the eighth under the sponsorship of WeatherTech. The 2023 season marked an overhaul season for the championship, with a change in class structure and a new race on the season calendar at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The championship began with the 24 Hours of Daytona on January 28 and concluded with the Petit Le Mans on October 14 after 11 races.
Brooke O'Harra
Brooke O'Harra is an American director, playwright, performer and (with composer Brendan Connelly), co-founder of the Obie Award winning Theater of a Two-headed Calf.

O'Harra developed and directed all 14 of Two-headed Calf's productions including the Obie Award-winning Drum of the Waves of Horikawa (2007, HERE Arts Center), It Cannot Be Called Our Mother but Our Graves a.k.a Macbeth (Soho Rep Lab, 2008-09), Trifles (Ontological Hysteric Incubator, 2010), and the opera project You, My Mother (2012 at La Mama ETC, 2013 in the River to River Festival).

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
O'Sulloc Tea
O'Sulloc Tea (Korean: 오설록) is a traditional Korean tea manufactured and sold by the South Korean company O'Sulloc. The company was founded in 1979 by Suh Sung-hwan. O'Sulloc Corporation was established in September 2020 as an independent subsidiary of the Amorepacific Corporation, with 100% ownership. O'Sulloc Tea originates from the cultivated fields on Jeju Island.  It is also an internationally recognized brand in other countries such as China, Japan, and the United States. O'Sulloc teas consist of a range of black and green teas based on traditional Korean tea culture. O'Sulloc teas have various certifications, and in 2010 were certified with the National Organic Program (NOP) certification by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

National Organic Program
The National Organic Program (NOP) is the federal regulatory framework in the United States of America governing organic food. It is also the name of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) program responsible for administering and enforcing the regulatory framework. The core mission of the NOP is to protect the integrity of the USDA organic seal. The seal is used for products adhering to USDA standards that contain at least 95% organic ingredients.

The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA) required that the USDA develop national standards for organic products, and the final rule establishing the NOP was first published in the Federal Register in 2000 and is codified in the Code of Federal Regulations at 7 CFR 205.
54th government of Turkey
The 54th government of Turkey governed Turkey from 28 June 1996 to 30 June 1997. It was a coalition government formed by Welfare Party (RP) and True Path Party (DYP), and was known as Refahyol (a portmanteau of the Turkish names of the two parties in the coalition).

Necmettin Erbakan
Necmettin Erbakan (29 October 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician and political theorist who served as the 23rd prime minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was pressured by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics by the Constitutional Court of Turkey for purportedly violating the separation of religion and state as mandated by the constitution.

The political ideology and movement founded by Erbakan, Millî Görüş, argues that Turkey can develop with its own power by protecting its religious values and moving forward with faster steps by rivaling the Western countries in favor of closer relations to Muslim countries. With the Millî Görüş ideology, Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1970s to the 2010s, namely the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP).
Gay McManus
Gabriel "Gay" McManus (born 28 March 1958) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career with the Galway senior team spanned thirteen seasons from 1976 until 1989. He played his club football with Milltown.

McManus won his first All-Ireland medal as a part of the Galway Minor team that beat Cork in the 1976 final. He followed this with a Sigerson Cup win with UCG in 1979/80. He won the university title again the following year in 1980/81 as Captain, as well as finishing as Top Scorer and winning the Player of The Tournament Award. McManus joined the Galway senior team during the 1976/77 National League campaign, making his Championship debut in 1977, aged 19. He won a National Football League with Galway in 1981, scoring a goal in the final. McManus was also a part of the Galway team that were beaten by Dublin in the 1983 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The Electric Ireland All-Ireland Minor Football Championship is the premier under-17 "knockout" competition in Gaelic football played in Ireland. 2017 was the final year of the minor under 18 football championship as it was replaced by an under 17 championship following a vote at the GAA congress on 26 February 2016.

The series of games is organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Minor Football Final being played on the third Sunday in September in Croke Park, Dublin as the curtain-raiser to the senior final.

The winners received the Tom Markham Cup, which is named in honour of former Clare figure Tom Markham.
Phenolic acid
Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are  phenolic compounds and types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton). Two important naturally occurring types of phenolic acids are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, which are derived from non-phenolic molecules of benzoic and cinnamic acid, respectively.

Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid (/bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/) is a white or colorless crystalline organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH, whose structure consists of a benzene ring (C6H6) with a carboxyl (−C(=O)OH) substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn", which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as BzOH, since the benzoyl group has the formula −C6H5CO. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source.

Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives.  Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.  The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates (/ˈbɛnzoʊ.eɪts/).
Przecław Lanckoroński
Przecław Lanckoroński (Ukrainian: Предслав Лянцкоронський) of Brzezie of Zadora coat of arms (died 10 June 1531) was a notable member of the Polish nobleman, often identified as the first hetman of the Cossacks in service of Poland, as well as a landowner and starost of Chmielnik, title awarded in modern Ukraine.

Starosta
Starosta /ˈstɑːrɒstə/ or starost (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, German: Starost, Hauptmann) is a community elder in some Slavic lands.

The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a starosta administered a crown land district called starostwo.

In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies.