hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Diver
Operation Diver was the British code name for the V-1 flying bomb campaign launched by the German Luftwaffe in 1944 against London and other parts of Britain. Diver was the code name for the V-1, against which the defence consisted of anti-aircraft guns, barrage balloons and fighter aircraft.

The British Double-Cross System used double agents to plant false information about the accuracy of the V-1 bombardment. Anti-aircraft guns proved the most effective form of defence in the later stages of the campaign, with the aid of radar-based technology and the proximity fuse. The V-1 campaign from ground launch sites ended by the middle of 1944 with the Allied occupation of the launch sites.

Proximity fuze
A proximity fuze (also VT fuze or "variable time fuze") is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target. Proximity fuzes are designed for elusive military targets such as aircraft and missiles, as well as ships at sea and ground forces. This sophisticated trigger mechanism may increase lethality by 5 to 10 times compared to the common contact fuze or timed fuze.
Semolina (horse)
Semolina (1887 – 1909) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred and owned by the 6th Duke of Portland, she was one of the best two-year-olds in England in 1889 when she won thirteen times from fifteen races. In the following spring she recorded her biggest success when she won the 1000 Guineas. She went on to run fourth in the Oaks Stakes and third in the Coronation Stakes, but never won again and was retired from racing at the end of the year. She had modest success as a dam of winners.

William Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland
William Arthur Charles Cavendish-Bentinck, 6th Duke of Portland, KG, GCVO, GCStJ, TD, PC, DL (28 December 1857 – 26 April 1943) was a British landowner, courtier, and Conservative politician. He notably served as Master of the Horse between 1886 and 1905.
Calculation of glass properties
The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e.g., during production) without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save time, material, financial, and environmental resources, or to gain scientific insight. It was first practiced at the end of the 19th century by A. Winkelmann and O. Schott. The combination of several glass models together with other relevant functions can be used for optimization and six-sigma procedures. In the form of statistical analysis, glass modeling can aid with accreditation of new data, experimental procedures, and measurement institutions (glass laboratories).

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Optical Carrier transmission rates
Optical Carrier transmission rates are a standardized set of specifications of transmission bandwidth for digital signals that can be carried on Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) fiber optic networks. Transmission rates are defined by rate of the bitstream of the digital signal and are designated by hyphenation of the acronym OC and an integer value of the multiple of the basic unit of rate, e.g., OC-48. The base unit is 51.84 Mbit/s. Thus, the speed of optical-carrier-classified lines labeled as OC-n is n × 51.84 Mbit/s.

Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
They are used as units of measurement for expressing data transfer rate, the average number of bits (bit rate), characters or symbols (symbol rate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
2005 MLS SuperDraft
The 2005 MLS SuperDraft, held in Baltimore, Maryland, on January 14, 2005, was the sixth incarnation of the annual MLS SuperDraft.  Expansion club Real Salt Lake had the first pick as the result of a coin toss (fellow newcomers C.D. Chivas USA got to go first in the expansion draft). RSL drafted Under-17 midfielder Nikolas Besagno with the first selection.

A collective bargaining agreement with the MLS Players' Union dictated that the draft be reduced from six to four rounds, although a supplemental draft was held to equip newly formed reserve teams and compensate for expansion.

MLS SuperDraft
The MLS SuperDraft is an annual college draft for teams of Major League Soccer in the United States and Canada in which MLS clubs take turns selecting from a pool of eligible amateur players. These drafted players usually come from university teams competing in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It takes place in December or January and is used by teams to select players who have graduated from college or otherwise been signed by the league. The SuperDraft was first instituted in 2000, as a combination of the MLS College Draft, in which players having graduated from college were selected, and the MLS Supplemental Draft, in which all other players were chosen. The draft is divided into three rounds in which each club has a selection, the order of which is determined by a combination of the teams' playoff and regular season positions, with the last placed team (or expansion teams) getting the first pick.
1860 United States presidential election in Wisconsin
The 1860 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1860, as part of the 1860 United States presidential election. State voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Wisconsin was won by the Republican Party candidate Abraham Lincoln and his running mate Hannibal Hamlin. They defeated the Democratic Party candidate Stephen A. Douglas and his running mate Herschel V. Johnson. Lincoln won the state by a margin of 13.85%.

This was the last election until 1904 that Calumet County would vote for a Republican candidate. Additionally, Manitowoc County and Jefferson County would not vote Republican again until 1896. Green Lake County, established in 1858 and participating in its first presidential election, voted for Lincoln and would continue to back the statewide winner in every presidential election until 1940.

Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 84,900. Its county seat is Jefferson. Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Atkinson, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Harry Rilling
Harry W. Rilling (born August 6, 1947) is an American politician who previously served as mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut. He had previously served as Norwalk's police chief for 17 years before retiring. He is a Democrat, and was elected in 2013. Rilling defeated incumbent mayor Richard A. Moccia. On March 3, 2025, Rilling announced that he would not be seeking re-election and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Barbara Smyth.

Norwalk, Connecticut
Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The city, part of the New York Metropolitan Area, is the sixth-most populous city in Connecticut as of the 2020 census, with a population of 91,184.

Norwalk is on the northern shore of Long Island Sound and was first settled in 1649.
Arsen Harutyunyan (wrestler)
Arsen Karen Harutyunyan (Armenian: Արսեն Կարենի Հարությունյան; born 22 November 1999) is an Armenian freestyle wrestler. He is a two-time European champion (2019, 2022) and a two-time U23 world champion (2021, 2022) in the 61 kg category. He also won bronze medals at the World Championships in 2021 and 2022. Harutyunyan has represented Armenia at the Olympic Games, competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the men's 57 kg event.

European Wrestling Championships
The European Wrestling Championships is the second oldest international wrestling competition of the modern world and the main wrestling championships in Europe. It predates World Wrestling Championships and other regional wrestling championships and is second only to the wrestling events at the Olympics. From its inception in 1898 till 1927 only Greco-Roman wrestling was contested. Since 1929 separate freestyle wrestling events were held as well. Since 1970 the two Olympic wrestling styles were contested together during the same unified events. Since 1973 Sambo wrestling was included into the championships programme along with GR and freestyle wrestling (subsequently discontinued and from 1983 contested separately). Since 2014 associated traditional wrestling styles recognized globally by UWW were incorporated into the annual championships schedule.
Tan Boon Chiang
Tan Boon Chiang BBM(L) BBM PPA(P) (4 June 1923 – 28 December 2015) was a Singaporean prosecutor, who served as president of the Industrial Arbitration Court from 1965 to 1989.

Tan was chairman of the Tenants' Compensation Board, Singapore National Heart Association and the Rotary Club of Singapore. He was also deputy chairman of the University of Singapore, and vice-president of St. Andrew's Mission Hospital.

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (English: Public Administration Medal) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1963 and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons for outstanding efficiency, competence and industry:

any person who is or has been a public officer.

any person who is or has been an officer employed by any statutory authority (other than a Town Council).

any person who is or has been in the service of any organisation, association or body rendering services in the field of education.

any person who is or has been employed in any company which is wholly owned by the Government and which is carrying on business mainly as an agent or instrumentality of the Government.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) is the Singapore Armed Forces equivalent award.
Mabel Agyemang
Mabel Maame Agyemang (née Banful; formerly also Yamoa) is the current Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands. An expert superior court judge with a judicial career spanning decades, Agyemang served in the judiciaries of the governments of Ghana, The Gambia and Eswatini prior to her current role in the Turks and Caicos Islands. She was also the first female Chief Justice of The Gambia.

Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Wem Town F.C.
Wem Town Football Club is a football club based in the market town of Wem, Shropshire, England. They are currently members of the Shropshire County League Premier Division and play at the Butler Sports Centre.

Shropshire County Football League
The Shropshire County Football League, currently known as the Salop Leisure Football League for sponsorship reasons, is an English football league. The league has two divisions, which stand at levels 11 and 12 of the English football league system.

Teams can be promoted from the division to either Division One of the Midland League or Division One South of the North West Counties League. However, this is not automatic and clubs are required to apply for promotion.
Sovereign (album)
Sovereign is an album by Christian recording artist Michael W. Smith released on May 13, 2014 through Capitol Records. The album debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200 and at No. 1 on the Christian Albums chart.

The album's first single, "You Won't Let Go", was released digitally on February 4, 2014 and it opened at No. 13 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart. Christian singer Kari Jobe is featured on one of the songs on the album.

Top Christian Albums
Top Christian Albums is a weekly chart published in Billboard magazine that ranks the best-performing Christian albums in the United States. Like the Billboard 200, the data is compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as on-demand streaming and digital sales of its individual tracks. The chart was introduced on the magazine issue dated March 29, 1980, under the title "Best Selling Inspirational LPs". The current name was adopted on August 16, 2003, in an effort to "streamline" chart titles. The first number-one album was Candle's Music Machine. Amy Grant's Age to Age, released in 1982, topped the chart for 85 consecutive weeks, the longest for any album on the chart.

The current number-one album on the chart is Child of God II by Forrest Frank.
Mhorkya
Mhorkya (lit. 'The leader') is a 2018 Marathi film directed by Amar Bharat Deokar and produced by Swastik Preeti Film Productions and co-produced by Amar Chitravani. It was bankrolled by Aespaes Lab and featured Raman Deokar and Amar Deokar in pivotal roles.

It won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film at the Indian 65th National Film Awards in 2018. It premiered on 14 January 2018 and was released worldwide on 24 January 2020.

National Film Award for Best Children's Film
The National Film Award for Best Children's Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Golden Lotus (Swarna Kamal).

The award was instituted in 1954, at 1st National Film Awards and awarded annually for children's films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages; Hindi (28 Awards), Bengali and Kannada (7 Awards), Malayalam (6 each), English (5 Awards), Marathi (4 Awards), Tamil, Telugu, Odia and Assamese (1 each).
PDX671
PDX671, or PDX Six Seven One, was a food cart that served Guamanian cuisine in Portland, Oregon. Ed Sablan operated the business from 2010 to c. 2018 when he closed PDX671 and opened Biba CHamoru Kitchen, the city's first and only brick-and-mortar Guamanian restaurant in 2019.

PDX671 had garnered a positive reception, especially for its Kelaguen Mannok and titiya (Guamanian flatbread), and was included in The Oregonian's 2011 overview of Portland's best new food carts. Guy Fieri visited the cart for an episode of the Food Network series Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives.

Culture of Guam
The culture of Guam reflects traditional Chamorro customs in a combination of indigenous pre-Hispanic forms, as well as American and Spanish traditions. Post-European-contact Chamoru Guamanian culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino and other Micronesian Islander traditions. Few indigenous pre-Hispanic customs remained following Spanish contact, but include plaiting and pottery, and there has been a resurgence of interest among the CHamoru to preserve the language and culture. Hispanic influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion.
Bradley Sandeman
Bradley Robert Sandeman (born 24 February 1970) is an English former footballer who made 249 league and cup appearances in a nine-year career in the Football League.

A versatile passer of the ball, he began his career at Northampton Town in 1988. He was sold on to Maidstone United for £10,000 in February 1991, before he was allowed to join Port Vale on a free transfer in July 1992. He helped the club to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94, before he was given a free transfer to Rotherham United in May 1996. He moved on to Hereford United in March 1997 and later had spells with non-League clubs Northwich Victoria, Kettering Town, Leek Town, Hyde United, Kidsgrove Athletic, Witton Albion and Dover Athletic.

Leek Town F.C.
Leek Town Football Club is an English football club based in Leek, Staffordshire, playing in the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of English football. The team, nicknamed "The Blues", play their home games at Harrison Park.

The club was founded in 1946 and played in a variety of local leagues including the Staffordshire County League, Manchester League, Mid-Cheshire League and Cheshire County League, before becoming a founder member of the North West Counties League in 1982 and from there progressing to the Northern Premier League in 1987. In 1997, they were Northern Premier League champions and gained promotion to the Football Conference, the highest level of English non-league football, spending two seasons at that level before being relegated.

Leek Town reached the final of the FA Trophy in 1990, having progressed all the way from the first qualifying round, but lost in the final at Wembley Stadium 3–0 to Barrow.
Ablon-sur-Seine
Ablon-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [ablɔ̃ syʁ sɛn] ⓘ, literally Ablon on Seine) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 15.3 km (9.5 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Ablon has been awarded one flower in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris ("towns and villages in bloom competition").

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Rocky Gap, Virginia
Rocky Gap is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) that is located in Bland County in the U.S. state of Virginia. In the year of 2016, there was an estimate that there were a total of 511 people living in Rocky Gap. Rocky Gap has one zip code (24366).

The community is connected to neighboring Bluefield, WV by the East River Mountain Tunnel, which carries Interstate 77 beneath East River Mountain. It is in the heart of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians.

Bluefield, West Virginia
Bluefield is a city in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Its population was 9,658 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Bluefield micropolitan area extending into Virginia, which had a population of 106,363 in 2020. The city is home to Bluefield State University, a public, historically black university serving nearly 1,300 students.
Anne-Marie Brady
Anne-Marie Sharon Brady FRSNZ (born 1966) is a New Zealand academic and Professor of Political Science at the University of Canterbury. She specialises in Chinese domestic and foreign politics, Antarctic and Arctic politics, Pacific politics, and New Zealand Foreign Policy.

Brady is the first female political scientist to be elected a Fellow of The Royal Society of New Zealand, Te Apārangi.

Her research on Antarctic politics, China's polar interests, and the Chinese Communist Party's domestic and foreign policy, in particular, foreign interference activities, has been a catalyst contributing to policy adjustments by governments of the US, to New Zealand, Australia, the UK, Canada, and the EU.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Ram (given name)
Ram is a masculine given name. In South Asia it is a variant of Rama, and in Hebrew it means high or senior, a biblical name (Ram, son of Hezron), which is also sometimes used as a diminutive form of Avram (a variant of Abraham). Notable persons with the name include:

Ram (biblical figure)
Ram (Hebrew: רם Rām) is a figure in the Hebrew Bible. He is the son of Hezron and ancestor of David. His genealogical lineage and descendants are recorded in 1 Chronicles 2:9-10 and at the Book of Ruth 4:19. In the New Testament, his name is given as "Aram" (Greek: Ἀράμ) and "Arni" (Greek: Ἀρνὶ).
Mahindra BE 6
The Mahindra BE 6 is an electric coupe SUV produced by Mahindra & Mahindra. Based on the INGLO electric vehicle platform, the vehicle was introduced in 2024 along with the XEV 9e, and is one of the first models in Mahindra’s new electric SUV lineup.

Mahindra & Mahindra
Mahindra and Mahindra is an Indian automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. It was established in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed and later renamed Mahindra & Mahindra. Part of the Mahindra Group, M&M is one of the largest SUV manufacturers by production in India and the Mahindra Tractors subsidiary is the largest manufacturer of tractors in the world by volume. It was ranked 17th on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2018. Its major competitors in the Indian vehicular market include Maruti Suzuki and Tata Motors. Anish Shah is the current CEO and Managing Director of Mahindra & Mahindra.
Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı
Rıza Tevfik Bey (Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934; 1869 – 31 December 1949) was an Ottoman and later Turkish philosopher, poet, politician of liberal signature and a community leader (for some members among the Bektashi community) of the late-19th-century and early-20th-century. A polyglot, he is most remembered in Turkey for being one of the four Ottoman signatories of Treaty of Sèvres, for which reason he was included in 1923 among the 150 personae non gratae of Turkey, and he spent 20 years in exile until he was given amnesty by Turkey in 1943. He is the author of the Gallipoli Diaries.

150 personae non gratae of Turkey
The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey (Turkish: Yüzellilikler, lit. 'Hundred-and-fiftyers') is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The Sultanate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Angora (Ankara) on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata. Leaving Istanbul aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he was sent into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926.

The list was created on 23 April 1924, by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and revised on 1 June 1924. By targeting the former Imperial ruling-elite, it reaffirmed the political and cultural break between the Empire and the Republic. The preliminary list contained 600 individuals, negotiated down to its final form of 150 with the Treaty of Lausanne.