hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Port Mourant Cricket Club
Port Mourant Cricket Club (PMCC) is a Guyanese cricket club based in Port Mourant, Berbice. Established in 1916, it is the oldest cricket club in the East Berbice-Corentyne region, and ranks among the oldest in the West Indies, typically in the top 10 by founding date. The club has a long history of developing talent and has produced numerous international cricketers for Guyana and the West Indies. It plays at the Port Mourant Community Centre Ground, a venue integral to the history of local sports.

Guyana national cricket team
The Guyana national cricket team is the representative first class cricket team of Guyana. The side does not take part in any international competitions, but rather in inter-regional competitions in the Caribbean, such as the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50), and the best players may be selected for the West Indies team, which plays international cricket and is the only team in the Americas with Test status. Guyana has participated in the South American Cricket Championship for some editions, but were represented by an overage "masters" team. The team competes under the franchise name Guyana Harpy Eagles.

Prominent cricketers who have played for Guyana include Devendra Bishoo, Basil Butcher, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, Colin Croft, Roy Fredericks, Lance Gibbs, Roger Harper, Carl Hooper, Leon Johnson, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Clive Lloyd, Veerasammy Permaul and Ramnaresh Sarwan.
Kamal al-Haydari
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Kamal al-Haydari (Arabic: كمال الحسيني الحيدري; born 1956) is a Philosopher and Shia marja' from Iraq, who resides in Qom, Iran.

Al-Haydari's intellectual output can be loosely grouped with a critical school within Islamic studies sometimes known as madrasat naqd al-turath (school of criticising [religious] heritage). This school is generally known for being critical of "accepted" or purportedly "orthodox" truths, and calls for a renewed examination of previously thought of "unassailable" texts or opinions.

He has argued that Twelver Shi'i thought has by large evolved from a rational/theologically centered school of thought into a jurisprudentially centered school.

Marja'
Marja' (Arabic: مرجع, romanized: marjiʿ ; plural marājiʿ ; lit. 'source to follow'  or 'religious reference') is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking marjiʿ is known as the marja al-mutlaq or marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah.

Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja' emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'.

As of 2023, there are more than 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq.
Sharon Yates
Sharon Gilbert Yates (born November 21, 1952) is an American attorney from the state of Alabama who served as a member of the Alabama Court of Civil Appeals from 1993 to 2005. Yates was the first woman to serve on the Court of Civil Appeals. She was the Democratic Party nominee for Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama in the 2000 election, losing to Republican Roy Moore. She was defeated in her re-election campaign in the 2004 Alabama elections. Yates was elected to the Montgomery County District Court in 2006 and served a single term from 2007 to 2013.

Supreme Court of Alabama
The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is housed in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building in downtown Montgomery, Alabama.

The Governor of Alabama may fill vacancies when they occur for the remainder of unexpired terms. The current line-up for the court is all Republican. There is no specific limitation on the number of terms to which a member may be elected. However, the state constitution under Amendment 328, adopted in 1973, prohibits any member from seeking election once they reach age 70.

The Clerk of Court is Margaret "Megan" Byrne Rhodebeck, who assumed the office by appointment on August 1, 2022.
Anisomeridium robustum
Anisomeridium robustum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Monoblastiaceae. It is characterised by its distinctive black, rounded fruiting bodies that can be up to half a millimetre across and sometimes produce visible white strings of spores. The lichen grows in old woodlands and parks across western Britain and Ireland, and has more recently been discovered in South Korea and the Azores.

Monoblastiaceae
The Monoblastiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the monotypic order Monoblastiales. It contains six genera. These lichens typically form inconspicuous thin crusts or films on bark, rock, or leaves, often appearing as little more than a whitish or greyish discolouration of the surface. They reproduce through tiny black flask-shaped structures embedded in the crust that release spores through small pores at their tips. The family includes about 120 species distributed worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where they grow in humid environments.
Safety in Formula One
Safety in Formula One has significantly improved since the inaugural Formula One World Championship in 1950. There have been major regulatory changes to car design, protective equipment for drivers, incident response procedures, and the layout of racing circuits. Notable examples of safety improvements to reduce fatalities and injuries include full-face helmets, fire resistant racing suits, tyre walls, and an on-site medical team; none were present during the early years of the sport.

Racing suit
A racing suit or racing overalls, often referred to as a fire suit due to its fire retardant properties, is clothing such as overalls worn in various forms of auto racing by racing drivers, crew members who work on the vehicles during races, track safety workers or marshals, and in some series commentators at the event.

In the early days of racing, most racing series had no mandated uniforms. Beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, specialized racing suits were designed to optimize driver temperature via heat transfer, and later to protect drivers from fire. By 1967, the majority of competitors in Formula One, NASCAR, the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), United States Auto Club (USAC), and Champ Car (the predecessor to modern IndyCar) began wearing specialized fire suits. Most modern suits use Nomex, a material developed in the 1960s around the time fire suits emerged. The suits are also known for prominently displaying driver sponsors.
Tohoku derby
Tohoku derby (東北ダービー) refers to matches played between professional football clubs of Tohoku region, Japan.  This area consists of six prefectures and such clubs include Vanraure Hachinohe, Iwate Grulla Morioka, Vegalta Sendai, Blaublitz Akita, Montedio Yamagata, Fukushima United FC, and Iwaki FC.  Historically, the most significant are games which were played between Vegalta and Montedio (Michinoku derby), the two most successful of Tohoku's football clubs. The Blaublitz vs Montedio derby is called Ōu Honsen and played in the former Dewa Province. The Nambu derby is a football rivalry between Vanraure and Grulla, both teams are based in old Nambu domain territory. The Fukushima derby is the match in the Prefecture, between Fukushima United and Iwaki FC.

Iwate Grulla Morioka
Iwate Grulla Morioka (いわてグルージャ盛岡, Iwate Gurūja Morioka) is a Japanese association football club based in Morioka, capital of Iwate Prefecture. They play in Japan Football League from 2025, the Japanese fourth tier of semi-professional football after relegation from J3 League in 2024.
White cake
White cake is a type of cake that is made without egg yolks. It was also once known as silver cake.

White cakes can be butter cakes or sponge cakes. They became widely available in the later part of the 19th century, and became associated with weddings and christenings.

Wedding cake
A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner. In some parts of England, the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast; the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning, but at a time following the ceremony on the same day. In modern Western culture, the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception. Traditionally, wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple. Nowadays, however, they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests. Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share, but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.
Simona Limontaitė
Simona Limontaitė (married name Kiseleva, born 22 August 1987) is a Lithuanian chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2008). She is three time winner of Lithuanian Women's Chess Championship (2005, 2017, 2024).

Lithuanian Chess Championship
The first unofficial Lithuanian Chess Championship was held in Kaunas (Temporary capital of Lithuania) in 1921. The Champion's title was granted after victorious or drawn match between previous champion and challenger, mostly a winner of Championship of Kaunas (later - the Championship of Lithuania) in the period from 1922 to World War II. The first official Lithuanian championship was held in 1929. The next year, Lithuania joined FIDE, the World Chess Federation.

When Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union (June 1940 – June 1941 and July 1944 – March 1990), players from other Soviet Republics were sometimes invited to play in the championship. In 1951, Ratmir Kholmov won the championship ahead of the guests Andor Lilienthal, Tigran Petrosian, and Vladimir Simagin.
Nova Scotia Route 329
Route 329 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in Lunenburg County and connects East River at Trunk 3 with Hubbards at Trunk 3.

It runs around the perimeter of the Aspotogan Peninsula.

Nova Scotia Trunk 3
Nova Scotia Trunk 3 is an east-west trunk highway in Nova Scotia. The route runs from Halifax to Yarmouth, along the South Shore. Trunk 3's status as an important regional highway link has been superseded by the parallel Highway 103.
Scratch tape
In data processing, a scratch tape is a magnetic tape that is used for temporary storage and can be reused or erased after the completion of a job or processing run. During the early years of computing, when magnetic tape was the primary form of mass storage, many programs, notably sorting routines, required such temporary storage.

Merge sort
In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort or merge-sort) is an efficient and general purpose comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations of merge sort are stable, which means that the relative order of equal elements is the same between the input and output. Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945. A detailed description and analysis of bottom-up merge sort appeared in a report by Goldstine and von Neumann as early as 1948.
Francisco de Holanda
Francisco de Holanda (c. 1517 – 19 June 1585) was a Portuguese artist, architect, and art essayist. He served as a court painter for the kings João III of Portugal and Sebastião of Portugal. He was an influential figure in the Portuguese Renaissance. After a stay in Italy, he returned to Portugal and contributed to the propagation of the Italianate style mainly through his writings. In 1548 he completed a manuscript entitled Da pintura antigua (Of Ancient Painting) which was the first treatise on painting written in the Iberian peninsula.

Sebastian, King of Portugal
Sebastian (Portuguese: Sebastião I [sɨβɐʃˈti.ɐ̃w]; 20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578) was King of Portugal from 11 June 1557 to 4 August 1578 and the penultimate Portuguese monarch of the House of Aviz.

He was the only child of João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, and Joanna of Austria. He was the grandson of King John III of Portugal and Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal. He disappeared (presumably killed in action) in the battle of Alcácer Quibir, against the Saadi Sultanate of Morocco. Sebastian I is often referred to as the Desired (Portuguese: o Desejado) or the Hidden (o Encoberto), as the Portuguese people longed for his return to end the decline of Portugal that began after his death. He is considered to be the Portuguese example of the King asleep in mountain legend as Portuguese tradition states his return, in a foggy dawn, in Portugal's greatest hour of need.
Sonny Smith
Charles H. "Sonny" Smith (born November 15, 1936) is an American former college basketball coach. Originally from Roan Mountain, Tennessee, Smith served as a head coach for 22 seasons. Best known as the head coach at Auburn from 1978 to 1989, he also coached at East Tennessee State (1976–1978) and VCU (1989–1998). Smith won the 1985 SEC tournament championship while at Auburn, and won both the CAA regular season and tournament titles in 1996 while at VCU. He made six NCAA tournament appearances as a head coach, five at Auburn and one at VCU. Smith was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 2007.

1985 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 1985 SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament took place from March 6–9, 1985 at the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex in Birmingham, Alabama. The Auburn Tigers men's basketball team won their first ever SEC Tournament title in the championship game on March 9, 1985. Auburn defeated Alabama 53–49 for the SEC's automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball tournament.

Television coverage of the tournament’s first round, the quarterfinals, and semifinals were produced and regionally syndicated by the now-defunct Lorimar Sports Network (formerly Sports Productions, Inc.), the sports broadcasting arm of Lorimar Productions. Outside of the SEC geographical footprint, the championship game was nationally televised on NBC via that network’s in-house sports division, NBC Sports (With Marv Albert and Bucky Waters handling the Play by Play and Color respectively).
Joan Bamford Fletcher
Joan Bamford Fletcher MBE (July 12, 1909 – April 30, 1979) was a Canadian member of the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry. In 1945, Fletcher commanded a force of surrendered Japanese soldiers and used them to escort 2,000 Dutch civilian captives from a civilian internment camp at Bangkinang, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) to safety. Fletcher was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her services. The 2001 documentary Rescue from Sumatra is based on her actions.

First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteer Corps) (FANY (PRVC)) is a British independent all-female registered charity which primarily provides surge relief to civil and military authorities in an emergency. It was formed in 1907 and was active in both nursing and intelligence work during the World Wars.

Its members dress in British military-style uniforms and ranks, however it is not part of the Regular Army, or Army Reserve, nor is it part of any branch of the Armed Forces; its members are designated as civilians. Their 'officers' do not train at Sandhurst nor do they hold the King's commission. Its members are unpaid volunteers who pay membership fees to the charity to take part in training and qualifications.
Arya metre
Āryā metre is a metre used in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Marathi verses. A verse in āryā metre is in four metrical lines called pādas. Unlike the majority of metres employed in classical Sanskrit, the āryā metre is based on the number of mātrās (morae) per pāda. A short syllable counts for one mātrā, and a long syllable (that is, one containing a long vowel, or a short vowel followed by two consonants) counts for two mātrās.  It is believed that āryā metre was taken from the gāthā metre of Prakrit. Āryā metre is common in Jain Prakrit texts and hence considered as favourite metre of early authors of Jainism.  The earlier form of the āryā metre is called old gīti, which occurs in a some very early Prakrit and Pāli texts.

Prakrit
Prakrit (/ˈprɑːkrɪt/ PRAH-krit) is a group of vernacular classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 5th century BCE to the 12th century CE. The term Prakrit is usually applied to the middle period of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, excluding Pali.

The oldest stage of Middle Indo-Aryan language is attested in the inscriptions of Ashoka (c. 260 BCE), as well as in the earliest forms of Pāli, the language of the Theravāda Buddhist canon. The most prominent form of Prakrit is Ardhamāgadhı̄, associated with the ancient kingdom of Magadha, in modern Bihar, and the subsequent Mauryan Empire. Mahāvīra, the 24th and last Tīrthaṅkara of Jainism, was born in Magadha, and the earliest Jain texts were composed in Ardhamāgadhı̄.
Wilkins Peak
Wilkins Peak is a small mountain located in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, between the cities of Green River and Rock Springs. It is primarily used for radio and television station transmitters, but it also serves radio needs of the FAA, EMS, and local businesses such as Questar Gas. In 2003, a tower on the peak was knocked down by a vehicle delivering propane to customers. The tower was owned by Wyoming Public Radio and served the local area with programming from National Public Radio. There are numerous access roads to the peak. It is not gated and is open year-round, weather permitting. Along with radio, the mountain is also a popular location for mountain biking and hiking. The mountain's geology is typical for its location in southwestern Wyoming.

Green River, Wyoming
Green River is a city in and the county seat of Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 11,825 at the 2020 census. It is the 7th most populous city in Wyoming.
Norman Drew
Norman Vico Drew (25 May 1932 – 13 August 2023) was a Northern Irish professional golfer. He had a successful amateur career, winning a number of Irish championships and playing in the 1953 Walker Cup. In the 1959 season, he won the Yorkshire Evening News Tournament and played in the Ryder Cup. Drew later represented Ireland in the Canada Cup (later known as the World Cup), becoming the first golfer to play in the Walker Cup, Ryder Cup and Canada Cup. He was renowned for his short game.

1959 Ryder Cup
The 13th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 6–7, 1959 at the Eldorado Country Club in Indian Wells, California. The United States team won the competition by a score of 81⁄2 to 31⁄2 points.

The British were again led by Dai Rees, but were unable to repeat the heroics of two years earlier and were comprehensively beaten on American soil. The Americans took a 21⁄2–11⁄2 lead in the foursomes before finishing off the British challenge in the singles by winning five matches with two matches finishing all square to win the cup back. The British won just one foursome match with Christy O'Connor and Peter Alliss beating Art Wall Jr. and Doug Ford by 3 & 2 and one singles match when Eric Brown beat Cary Middlecoff by 4 & 3 however by the time his match was won the United States had already won the competition.
Lorenz gauge condition
In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring  The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz, who has given his name to many concepts in this field. The condition is Lorentz invariant.  The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the gauge: one can still make a gauge transformation  where  is the four-gradient and  is any harmonic scalar function: that is, a scalar function obeying  the equation of a massless scalar field.

The Lorenz gauge condition is used to eliminate the redundant spin-0 component in Maxwell's equations when these are used to describe a massless spin-1 quantum field. It is also used for massive spin-1 fields where the concept of gauge transformations does not apply at all.

Lorentz scalar
In a relativistic theory of physics, a Lorentz scalar is a scalar expression whose value is invariant under any Lorentz transformation. A Lorentz scalar may be generated from, for example, the scalar product of vectors, or by contracting a tensor. While the components of the contracted quantities may change under Lorentz transformations, the Lorentz scalars remain unchanged.

A simple Lorentz scalar in Minkowski spacetime is the spacetime distance ("length" of their difference) of two fixed events in spacetime. While the "position"-4-vectors of the events change between different inertial frames, their spacetime distance remains invariant under the corresponding Lorentz transformation. Other examples of Lorentz scalars are the "length" of a 4-velocity (see below), or the Ricci curvature at a point in spacetime in general relativity, which is a contraction of the Riemann curvature tensor.
John Quick (politician)
Sir John Quick (22 April 1852 – 17 June 1932) was an Australian lawyer, politician and judge. He played a prominent role in the movement for Federation and the drafting of the Australian constitution, later writing several works on Australian constitutional law. He began his political career in the Victorian Legislative Assembly (1880–1889) and later won election to the House of Representatives at the first federal election in 1901. He served as Postmaster-General in the third Deakin Government (1909–1910). He lost his seat in 1913 and ended his public service as deputy president of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (1922–1930).

1913 Australian federal election
The 1913 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 31 May 1913. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 18 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Andrew Fisher, was defeated by the opposition Commonwealth Liberal Party under Joseph Cook, marking the second time an Australian Prime Minister was defeated at an election. The new government had a majority of just a single seat, and held a minority of seats in the Senate. It would last only 15 months, suffering defeat at the 1914 election.

The 1913 election was held in conjunction with six referendum questions, none of which were carried. According to David Day, Andrew Fisher's biographer, "it was probably the timing of the referenda that was most responsible for the disappointing election result" for the Labor Party.
Karl Heinrich Emil Becker
Karl Heinrich Emil Becker (14 September 1879 – 8 April 1940) was a German weapons engineer and artillery general. He advocated and implemented close ties of the military to science for purposes of advanced weapons development. He was the head of the Army Ordnance Office, Senator of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, first president of the Reich Research Council, the first general officer to be a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, as well as being a professor at both the University of Berlin and Technische Universität Berlin.

In the late 1920s, he realised that a loophole in the Treaty of Versailles allowed Germany to develop rocket weapons. The military-scientific infrastructure he helped implement supported the German nuclear energy program, known as the Uranium Club. Being depressed over heavy criticism from Hitler for shortfalls in munitions production, he committed suicide in 1940. He was given a State funeral.

Kaiser Wilhelm Society
The Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften) was a German scientific institution established in the German Empire in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the Max Planck Society. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organisation for many institutes, testing stations, and research units created under its authority.