hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantile function
In probability and statistics, a probability distribution's quantile function is the inverse of its cumulative distribution function. That is, the quantile function of a distribution  is the function  such that  for any random variable  and probability .

The quantile function is also called the percentile function (after the percentile), percent-point function, inverse cumulative distribution function or inverse distribution function.

Inverse function
In mathematics, the inverse function of a function f (also called the inverse of f) is a function that undoes the operation of f. The inverse of f exists if and only if f is bijective, and if it exists, is denoted by

For a function , its inverse  admits an explicit description:  it sends each element  to the unique element  such that f(x) = y.

As an example, consider the real-valued function of a real variable given by f(x) = 5x − 7. One can think of f as the function which multiplies its input by 5 then subtracts 7 from the result. To undo this, one adds 7 to the input, then divides the result by 5. Therefore, the inverse of f is the function  defined by
Jeevan Jyot Kaur
Jeevan Jyot Kaur is an Indian politician and the MLA from Amritsar East Assembly constituency. She is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party. She defeated Navjot Singh Sidhu in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022. Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.
Medical malpractice in the United States
Medical malpractice is professional negligence by act or omission by a health care provider in which the treatment provided falls below the accepted standard of practice in the medical community and causes injury or death to the patient, with most cases involving medical error. Claims of medical malpractice, when pursued in US courts, are processed as civil torts. Sometimes an act of medical malpractice will also constitute a criminal act, as in the case of the death of Michael Jackson.

Medical professionals may obtain professional liability insurances to offset the costs of lawsuits based on medical malpractice. Further establishment of conditions of intention or malice may be applied where applicable.

Patient
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.
Edgar Mosa
Edgar Mosa (born 1986, Lisbon, Portugal) is a Portuguese-born American jeweler and visual artist. Mosa's work has been featured internationally at the Racine Art Museum, Racine, Wisconsin, Center for Art in Wood, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and The Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands. In 2022, Mosa and his partner Joe McShea, installed Flags, Paris 2022, a site-specific installation for Loewe's Fall/Winter 2022 collection.

Loewe (fashion brand)
Loewe S.A. (/loʊˈɛveɪ/ loh-EV-ay, Spanish: [loˈeβe], German: [ˈløːvə] ⓘ; stylized as LOEWE) is a Spanish luxury fashion house specialising in leather goods, clothing, perfumes and other fashion accessories. Founded in 1846 in Madrid, Loewe has been part of the conglomerate LVMH since 1996; it continues to be LVMH’s oldest luxury fashion house.

The company was established in Madrid in 1846 by fashion designer Enrique Loewe. By the early 20th Century, many notable people took great interest in Loewe and Queen Victoria Eugenie became a regular customer. In 1905, Alfonso XIII granted them the Royal Warrant of Appointment and thus Loewe became Purveyor of the Royal Household of Spain. The company quickly grew in popularity and was promoted by figures such as Ernest Hemingway, Ava Gardner, Rita Hayworth, Marlene Dietrich and Sophia Loren amongst others.
Alem (beatboxer)
Maël Gayaud (born 25 March 1992), better known as Alem is a French beatboxer.

Before becoming a beatboxer, Gayaud used to play drums. He began beatboxing at the age of 11. In 2015 he won the Beatbox Battle World Champion after defeating NaPoM of United States in the final.
Gayaud has also collaborated on several musical projects (Group of Jazz, gospel, Irish, and Breton music).

Beatbox Battle World Championship
The Beatbox Battle World Championship (BBBWC) is hosted triennially (every three years) hosted by Beatbox Battle Tv in a week-long festival held in Berlin, Germany. Face-to-face beatbox battles take place in five categories:- individual male, individual female, tag-team,  loop station and crew battle. In 2015, more than 150 national or major event champions of beatboxing gathered from 50 or so countries, after qualifying to participate in the world event by winning their respective national championships.

The sixth Beatbox Battle World Championship was held in Berlin, Germany from 2 to 6 August 2023. The women's battle has been reinstated. The tag-team, loop station and crew battle, also two new categories: Best new sound FX and Best vocal scratching.
Im Hwa
Im In-sik (Korean: 임인식; Hanja: 林仁植), better known as Im Hwa (임화; 林和; [im.hwa]; October 13, 1908 – August 6, 1953), was a Korean poet, literary critic, and politician.

Born in Hanseongbu (modern-day Seoul), he became a key figure in proletarian literature during the Japanese colonial period, serving as General Secretary of the Korean Artists Proletarian Federation (KAPF). Im's work spanned across poetry, literary and film criticism, and acting. Im wrote nearly 80 poems and over 200 essays, playing a key role in modern Korean poetry, criticism, and literary studies, particularly in proletarian and leftist literature. Im is also known for short epic poetry (Danpyeon seosasi) and transplantation theory. After the 1945 liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule, he became a prominent North Korean poet and politician.

National Liberation Day of Korea
The National Liberation Day of Korea is a public holiday celebrated annually on 15 August in both North Korea and South Korea. It commemorates the day when the Korean Peninsula was liberated by the Allies in 1945 from 35 years of Japanese colonial rule. The day also coincides with the anniversary of the establishment of the South Korean government in 1948. Liberation Day is the only political holiday that is celebrated in both Koreas.
USS Gandy
USS Gandy (DE-764) was a Cannon-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. In 1951, she was transferred to Italy, where she served as Altair (F 591) until she was stricken and sunk as a target in 1971.

Italian Navy
The Italian Navy (Italian: Marina Militare, lit. 'Military Navy'; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service. It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.
Svend Otto Nielsen
Svend Otto Nielsen (29 August 1908 – 26 April 1944) was a Danish resistance operative during the Danish resistance movement during the German Occupation of Denmark (1940–1945). With the code name John, Nielsen led other resistance fighters of the Holger Danske against the Nazis. He was captured, tortured, and executed in April 1944.

Holger Danske (resistance group)
Holger Danske (Danish pronunciation: [ˈhʌlˀkɐ ˈtænskə]) was a Danish resistance group during World War II. It was among the largest Danish resistance groups and consisted of around 350 volunteers towards the end of the war. The group carried out sabotage operations, including blowing up railway lines strategically important to the Germans. Among their largest sabotage actions was the blowing up of the Forum Copenhagen in 1943. Holger Danske was responsible for around 200 killings of informers who had revealed the identity and/or the whereabouts of members of the resistance. The group was named after the legendary Danish hero Holger Danske (Ogier the Dane).
Sharing economy
The sharing economy is a socio-economic system whereby consumers share in the creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods, and services. These systems take a variety of forms, often leveraging information technology and the Internet, particularly digital platforms, to facilitate the distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services.

It can be facilitated by nonprofit organizations, usually based on the concept of book-lending libraries, in which goods and services are provided for free (or sometimes for a modest subscription) or by commercial entities, in which a company provides a service to customers for profit.

It relies on the will of the users to share and the overcoming of stranger danger.

It provides benefits, for example can lower the GHG emissions of products by 77%-85%.

Commons-based peer production
Commons-based peer production (CBPP) is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler. It describes a model of socio-economic production in which large numbers of people work cooperatively; usually over the Internet. Commons-based projects generally have less rigid hierarchical structures than those under more traditional business models.

One of the major characteristics of the commons-based peer production is its non-profit scope.: 43  Often—but not always—commons-based projects are designed without a need for financial compensation for contributors. For example, sharing of STL (file format) design files for objects freely on the internet enables anyone with a 3-D printer to digitally replicate the object, saving the prosumer significant money.

Synonymous terms for this process include consumer co-production and collaborative media production.: 63
Fazal Ali Qureshi
Hazrat Mawlana Pir Fazal Ali Shah Qureshi (Urdu: پیر فضل علی قریشی) was an Islamic scholar and the leading Naqshbandi Shaikh of colonial India in the early twentieth century. He was born to Murad Ali Shah in 1270 AH (1853 or 1854) in Daud Khel, Punjab, and died at 84 in the first night of Ramadan 1354 AH (28 November 1935) and was buried at Miskeenpur shareef, district Muzaffargarh, Punjab.

Naqshbandi Order
Naqshbandi (Persian: نقشبندیه) is a major Sufi order within Sunni Islam, named after its 14th-century founder, Baha' al-Din Naqshband. Practitioners, known as Naqshbandis, trace their spiritual lineage (silsila) directly to the Prophet Muhammad through the first caliph, Abu Bakr, via Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Naqshbandi order is distinct for its strict adherence to Sharia (Islamic law) and silent dhikr practices adopted from earlier Central Asian masters.
Suntukan
Suntukan is the fist-related striking component of Filipino martial arts. In the central Philippine island region of Visayas, it is known as Pangamot or Pakamot and Sumbagay. It is also known as Mano-mano and often referred to in Western martial arts circles of Inosanto lineage as Panantukan. Although it is also called Filipino Boxing, this article pertains to the Filipino martial art and should not be confused with the Western sport of boxing as practiced in the Philippines.

Dan Inosanto
Dan Inosanto (born July 24, 1936) is an American martial arts instructor and actor. Inosanto holds instructor or black belt level ranks in several martial arts. He has studied traditional Karate, Judo, Jujutsu, Kung Fu, Shooto, Muay Thai, Tai Chi, Arnis, and Jeet Kune Do. He was one of three people who were appointed to teach at one of the three Jun Fan Gung Fu institutes under Bruce Lee, the other two being Taky Kimura and James Yimm Lee. After Bruce Lee's death, Inosanto became the principal spokesperson and historian for Jeet Kune Do.

Inosanto is credited for training martial arts to a number of Hollywood actors including Bruce Lee, Chuck Norris and others. He has had minor roles in a number of films, including Lee's uncompleted last film Game of Death (1972), and Steven Seagal's Out for Justice (1991).
Cow Branch Formation
The Cow Branch Formation is a Late Triassic geologic formation in Virginia and North Carolina in the eastern United States. The formation consists of cyclical beds of black and grey lacustrine (lake) mudstone and shale. It is a konservat-lagerstätte renowned for its exceptionally preserved insect fossils, along with small reptiles, fish, and plants. Dinosaur tracks have also been reported from the formation.

Mudstone
Mudstone, a type of mudrock, is a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Mudstone is distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.

The term mudstone is also used to describe carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) that are composed predominantly of carbonate mud. However, in most contexts, the term refers to siliciclastic mudstone, composed mostly of silicate minerals.

The NASA Curiosity rover has found deposits of mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene.
Des Hunt
Des Hunt (born 29 December 1941) is a New Zealand teacher and a writer for children and young adults. Several of his books have been shortlisted for or have won awards, including Cry of the Taniwha which won the Gaelyn Gordon Award for a Much-Loved Book in 2016. He was also the recipient of the prestigious Margaret Mahy Award in 2017. He lives in Matarangi, Coromandel Peninsula.

Margaret Mahy Award
The Margaret Mahy Award, officially the Storylines Margaret Mahy Medal and Lecture Award, is a New Zealand literary prize presented to a person who has made a significant contribution to children's literature, publishing or literacy. Presented annually since 1991 by the Storylines Children's Literature Charitable Trust of New Zealand, the award is named in honour of its first recipient, Margaret Mahy.

The Saturday closest to International Children's Book Day (unless this is during Easter) is called "Margaret Mahy Day" by the trust, during which they present the Margaret Mahy Award, as well as other awards. The recipient delivers a lecture during the ceremony, known as the "Margaret Mahy Lecture", which is subsequently published in the trust's yearbook, The Inside Story.
Aubrey Kachingwe
Aubrey Kachingwe (born 27 November 1926, date of death unknown) was a Malawian novelist and journalist. He is best known for his 1965 novel No Easy Task, which was the first work by a Malawian author to be included in the Heinemann African Writers Series. Kachingwe also held positions with broadcasters in Malawi, England and Ghana before moving into a career in business.

Heinemann African Writers Series
The African Writers Series (AWS) is a collection of books written by African novelists, poets and politicians. Published by Heinemann, 359 books appeared in the series between 1962 and 2003.

The series has provided an international audience for many African writers, including Chinua Achebe, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Steve Biko, Ama Ata Aidoo, Nadine Gordimer, Buchi Emecheta, and Okot p'Bitek.
Shpitalny Sh-37
The Shpitalny Sh-37 (Russian: Шпитальный - Ш-37) was the first indigenous Soviet 37 mm (1.5 in) aircraft cannon, designed by Boris Shpitalniy at OKB-15. The gun saw limited production and was installed in few aircraft before being replaced by the competing Nudelman-Suranov NS-37 designed at OKB-16. It was installed on a military-trial basis on two short series of aircraft. Installed to fire through the hollow, gear-driven propeller shaft and fastened to the engine block of the Yak-7-37 it was known as MPSh-37, where "MP" stands for "motornaya pushka", similar to the German Motorkanone term for the same mount type. As installed in the underwing gun pods of the Il-2 it was known as ShFK-37 (Russian: ШФК-37 - Шпитальный фюзеляжно-крыльевая калибра 37 мм), literally "Shpitalny fuselage-wing(-mounted) caliber 37mm".

Gun pod
A gun pod is a detachable pod or pack containing machine guns, autocannons, revolver cannons, or rotary cannons and ancillaries, mounted externally on a vehicle such as a military aircraft which may or may not also have its own guns.
The Silent Child
The Silent Child is a British sign language short film written by and starring Rachel Shenton and directed by Chris Overton, and released in 2017 by Slick Films. It tells the story of Libby, a profoundly deaf four-year-old girl, who lives a silent life until a social worker, played by Shenton, teaches her how to communicate through sign language. The film won the Oscar for Live Action Short Film at the 90th Academy Awards. The film's television debut was on BBC One to an audience of 3.6 million, the film then received an extended period on BBC iPlayer.

British Sign Language
British Sign Language (BSL) is a sign language used in the United Kingdom and is the first or preferred language among the deaf community in the UK. Based on the percentage of people who reported 'using British Sign Language at home' on the 2011 Scottish Census, the British Deaf Association estimates there are 151,000 BSL users in the UK, of whom 87,000 are Deaf. People who are not deaf may also use BSL, as hearing relatives of deaf people, sign language interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British Deaf community. The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head.
National Comorbidity Survey
The National Comorbidity Survey: Baseline (NCS-1) was the first large-scale field survey of mental health in the United States. Conducted from 1990–1992, disorders were assessed based on the diagnostic criteria of the then-most current DSM manual, the DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised). The study has had large-scale implications on mental health research in the United States, as no widespread data on the prevalence of mental illness was previously available.

Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies.
Nikon D810
The Nikon D810 is a 36.3-megapixel professional-grade full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera produced by Nikon. The camera was officially announced in June 2014, and became available in July 2014.

Compared to the former D800/D800E it offers an image sensor with a base sensitivity of ISO 64 and extended range of ISO 32 to 51,200, an Expeed processor with noise reduction with claimed 1 stop noise improvement, doubled buffer size, increased frame rate and extended battery life, improved autofocus – now similar to the D4S, improved video with 1080p 60 fps and many software improvements.

The D810 was succeeded by the Nikon D850 in August 2017 and was listed as discontinued in December 2019.

Frame rate
Frame rate, commonly expressed in frame/s, frames per second, or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed. This definition applies to film and video cameras, computer animation, and motion capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency and refresh rate, which are expressed in hertz (Hz). Additionally, in the context of computer graphics performance, FPS is the rate at which a system, particularly a GPU, is able to generate frames, and refresh rate is the frequency at which a display shows completed frames. In electronic camera specifications frame rate refers to the maximum possible rate frames could be captured, but in practice, other settings (such as exposure time) may reduce the actual frequency to a lower number than the frame rate.
Angus Kirkland
Angus Ian Kirkland FInstP FRSC FRMS HonFRMS (born August 1965) is the JEOL Professor of Electron Microscopy at the Department of Materials, University of Oxford. Professor Kirkland specialises in High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) is one of the most prestigious awards conferred by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in the United Kingdom. Existing Fellows include award winning scientists and Nobel prize winners.
Prizrenski Podgor
The Prizren Podgor (Serbian: Призренски Подгор / Prizrenski Podgor, lit. 'Podgor of Prizren'; or Prizren Podgur, Albanian: Podguri i Prizrenit, lit. 'Podgur of Prizren') is a geographical region in Kosovo, stretching from the branches of the Šar Mountains, from Prizren to the village of Duhël on the Carralevë mountain. It includes the eastern and northeastern part of the Prizren basin (Prizrenska kotlina) and presents its border region towards the Šar župe of Sirinićka župa and Sredačka župa. It is a sub-region of Metohija.  It includes the villages of Skorobišta, Dojnicë, Grnčare, Novoselë, Vrbičane, and the urban settlements of Kurillë and Bazhdërhane, and suburb Lubizhdë, of Prizren. It is inhabited by Bosniaks and Albanians and Serbs.

Sirinićka župa
Sirinić or Siriniq (Serbian Cyrillic: Сиринић, Albanian: Siriniqi) is a term used for a historical region that covers 247 km2 (95 sq mi), including all of the Štrpce municipality in Kosovo, the borders of which it mostly overlaps. In the past it functioned as the Sirinićka Župa (community of villages, a county) of Medieval Serbia. The region is inhabited mostly by ethnic Serbs, who, as a result of isolation, have maintained archaic folk customs, folklore and language.
Grenada station
Grenada station is a former railroad station in Grenada, Mississippi. It was jointly constructed by the Mississippi Central and Tennessee and Mississippi Railroad in 1870. The two previous depots were burned during the United States Civil War. The second story and sheds were added by the Illinois Central Railroad in 1926. The building is now used for the Grenada Railroad as its headquarters.

Mississippi Central Railroad
Mississippi Central Railroad (reporting mark MSCI) is a short line railroad that operates three disconnected tracks: 51 miles from Oxford, Mississippi to Grand Junction, Tennessee; 11 miles in Iuka Mississippi, and 46 miles from Corinth, Mississippi to Red Bay, Alabama. It was formerly owned by Pioneer Railcorp, which was acquired by Patriot Rail. The railroad's principal commodities are aggregates and food products. The MSCI offers connections to the BNSF Railway in Holly Springs, the Norfolk Southern Railway in Grand Junction, and Canadian Pacific Kansas City in Corinth.

Mississippi Central purchased the assets of the Tishomingo Railroad near Iuka in 2009. In 2013 the Mississippi Central purchased the Redmont Railway.