hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable materials use and disposal (conservation of cultural heritage)
In the field of conservation and restoration of cultural property, greening practices such as sustainable materials use and disposal aim to improve the sustainability of conservation practice by choosing materials and methods that have a lower environmental impact and disposing of materials responsibly. When carrying out conservation treatments or preventive conservation, conservators use resources such as consumable materials, energy and water. These resources have an impact on the environment both through their extraction and disposal. In order to reduce this impact, conservators can choose sustainable alternatives to existing materials and practices such as reusable or recycled materials or materials with reduced toxicity.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.
Anna Dušková
Anna Dušková (born 30 December 1999) is a retired Czech figure skater. Competing in pairs with partner Martin Bidař, she is the 2016 World Junior champion, 2016 Youth Olympic silver medalist (individually and in the team event), and 2015 JGP Final silver medalist. As a single skater, she is the 2015 NRW Trophy bronze medalist.

Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre in Hamar, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.

Unique to the Youth Olympic Games was a mixed NOC team trophy competition.
Vatulele
Vatulele (pronounced [βatuˈlele]) is a coral and volcanic island 32 kilometres (20 miles) and tikina, located south of Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island.

There are four villages on the island: Lomanikaya, Ekubo, Taunovo and Bouwaqa. Economic activities include coconut and taro farming, fishing, and selling of Fijian hand printed tapa. Vatulele is known for its prawns and petroglyphs. The island has a chiefly title known as the Vunisa Levu.

Tapa cloth
Tapa cloth (or simply tapa) is a barkcloth made in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, primarily in Tonga, Samoa and Fiji, but as far afield as Niue, Cook Islands, Futuna, Solomon Islands, Java, Sulawesi, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii (where it is called kapa). In French Polynesia it has nearly disappeared, except for some villages in the Marquesas. In Melville's Typee, the ship Dolly enters the harbor of Nukuheva where it is met by "swimming nymphs ... their adornments were completed by passing a few loose folds of white tappa, in a modest cincture, around the waist."
Meitetsu 100 series
The Meitetsu 100 series (名鉄100系) is a commuter electric multiple unit type operated by Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan since 1978. There is also a 200 series type, operated since 1991, which is very similar to the 100 series. The 100 series and 200 series trains run on the Inuyama Line and Toyota Line and provide through service to the Tsurumai Line in Nagoya Municipal Subway.

Meitetsu Toyota Line
The Meitetsu Toyota Line (名鉄豊田線, Meitetsu Toyota-sen) is a 15.2 km (9.4 mi) railway line in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Meitetsu (Nagoya Railroad) connecting Umetsubo station in Toyota with Akaike Station in Nisshin. The line operates a through service onto the Nagoya Subway Tsurumai Line at Akaike.
Johann Bertram von Scheid
Johann Bertram Baron von Scheidt genannt Weschpfennig zu Heltorf (b. November 16, 1580 Heltorf Castle; † June 4, 1662 Düsseldorf) was a German baron who was also Lord of Scheid, Schönenberg, Herrenbröl, Troisdorf, Heltorf, and Bilkerath. He was bailiff, director of the Bergisch Landtag and Obersthofmeister (Grand Master of the Court).

Johann Bertram was involved in the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), serving under the Palatine Count Wolfgang Wilhelm. His mission involved political negotiations and communication between leaders, most notably, the Swedish general Buadissin.

In 1642, he became the first member of the von Scheidt’s to hold the rank of baron, and was elevated to the position for his service to Emperor Ferdinand III.

Count palatine
A count palatine (Latin comes palatinus), also count of the palace or palsgrave (from German Pfalzgraf), was originally an official attached to a royal or imperial palace or household and later a nobleman of a rank above that of an ordinary count. The title originated in the Late Roman Empire. In the Middle Ages especially and into modern times, it is associated with the Holy Roman Empire, especially Electoral Palatinate.

The office, jurisdiction or territory of a count palatine was a county palatine or palatinate. In England the forms earl palatine and palatine earldom are rare alternative terms.
Dominica at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games
Dominica competed in the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games held in the British Crown Dependency of Isle of Man from September 7 to 13, 2011. Their participation marked their second Commonwealth Youth Games appearance. The Dominican delegation consisted of four competitors (two men and two women) who competed in two different sports. This was a decrease in the number of athletes from the nation's last appearance at the Games, when five athletes were sent to Pune. Shanica Yankey won a bronze medal in the javelin throw with a best throw of 38.08 m. Yankey was the only medal winner for Dominica, and the country finished last in the medal table, in 22nd position, sharing the position with nine other Commonwealth Games Associations. Yankey's was the first medal for Dominica in the history of the Games.

2008 Commonwealth Youth Games
The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games (Hindi: 2008 कॉमनवेल्थ यूथ गेम्स), officially known as the III Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Pune 2008, a regional sporting event that was held from 12 to 18 October 2008 in Pune, India, a city in the state of Maharashtra. They were the third Commonwealth Youth Games, which are held every four years; they were the first Commonwealth Youth Games to be held in Asia.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games were conducted from 12 to 18 October 2008. Over 1,300 athletes and 350 officials from 71 countries participated in these games.

The III Commonwealth Youth Games is unique for its green theme, which permeates all aspects of the Games. A special drive is being conducted by the game organisers to create a "save the tigers" campaign to promote awareness of the critical state of the Indian tiger.
Megawati Hangestri Pertiwi
Megawati Hangestri Pertiwi (born 20 September 1999), often known mononymously as Megawati, is an Indonesian indoor volleyball player. She is a member of the Indonesia women's national volleyball team.

Megawati participated in the 2017 SEA Games. In the semifinal, she contributed the highest points when competing with Vietnam in five sets and made Indonesia qualify for the final after the last time in 1991. In the final, Indonesia lost to Thailand and won a silver medal. In 2023, Megawati was contracted with the Red Sparks.

Indonesia women's national volleyball team
The Indonesia women's national volleyball team represents Indonesia in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches.

It appeared at the Women's Asian Volleyball Championship 20 times, its best position was 5th place at the 1979 event.
Italian cruiser Agordat
Agordat was a torpedo cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built in the late 1890s. She was the lead ship of the Agordat class, which had one other member, Coatit. The ship, which was armed with twelve 76 mm (3 in) guns and two 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes, was too slow and short-ranged to be able to scout effectively for the fleet, so her career was limited. She saw action during the Italo-Turkish War in 1911–1912, where she provided gunfire support to Italian troops in North Africa. She assisted in the occupation of Constantinople in the aftermath of World War I, and in 1919 she was reclassified as a gunboat. In January 1923, Agordat was sold for scrapping.

Torpedo cruiser
A torpedo cruiser is a type of warship that is armed primarily with torpedoes. The major navies began building torpedo cruisers shortly after the invention of the locomotive Whitehead torpedo in the 1860s. The development of the torpedo gave rise to the Jeune École doctrine, which held that small warships armed with torpedoes could effectively and cheaply defeat much larger battleships. Torpedo cruisers fell out of favor in most of the great power navies in the 1890s, though many other navies continued to acquire them into the early 1900s.

The Imperial Japanese Navy rebuilt two Kuma-class light cruisers into torpedo cruisers during World War II. Unlike the earlier vessels, these ships were intended to launch their Type 93 torpedo oxygen torpedoes at extreme range at night to surprise enemy warships. They never saw action in their intended role, however, and were quickly converted into troop transports as well as a Kaiten (suicide torpedo) carrier.
Umpire abuse
Umpire abuse refers to the act of abuse towards an umpire, referee, or other official in sport. The abuse can be verbal abuse (such as namecalling), or physical abuse (such as punching). For example, Australian Football League spectators use the term "white maggot" (derived from their formerly white uniforms) towards umpires at games, when they do not agree with an umpire's decision.

Umpire abuse has become quite common in sport, practiced by players, coaches and spectators, with one Australian Football league having half the tribunal cases heard about umpire abuse. There have also been some high-profile cases of abuse towards the umpires in sport, with one Australian football player suspended for life after striking an umpire.

Punch (combat)
A punch is a striking blow with the fist. It is used in most martial arts and combat sports, most notably western boxing, where it is the only type of offensive technique allowed. In sports, hand wraps or other padding such as gloves may be used to protect athletes and practitioners from injuring themselves.

The use of punches varies between different martial arts and combat sports. Styles such as western boxing, Suntukan or Russian fist fighting use punches alone, while others such as kickboxing, Muay Thai, Lethwei or karate may use both punches and kicks. Others such as wrestling (excluding professional wrestling) and judo (punches and other striking techniques, atemi, are present in judo kata, but are forbidden in competitions) do not use punches at all. There are many types of punches and as a result, different styles encompass varying types of punching techniques.
Cabinet of the Gambia
The Cabinet of The Gambia is responsible for advising the President of the Gambia and for carrying out other functions as prescribed by law. It is composed of the President, the Vice-President, and the cabinet ministers. It is responsible for regulating the procedure of its own meetings and is held accountable for its actions by the National Assembly of the Gambia, according to Sections 74 and 75 of the Constitution of the Gambia.

The current cabinet of the Gambia is led by president Adama Barrow.

Vice-President of the Gambia
The vice president of the Republic of the Gambia is the second highest political position in the Gambia. The office was created in April 1970, with the passing of the republican Constitution of the Gambia following the republic referendum. The vice president is appointed by the president and acts as constitutional successor of the president in the event of a vacancy.

The current vice president is Muhammad B. S. Jallow, who was appointed on 24 February 2023 following the death of his predecessor Badara Joof.
British NVC community OV22
British NVC community OV22 (Poa annua - Taraxacum officinale community) is one of the open habitat communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of six communities characteristic of gateways, tracksides and courtyards.

This community occurs very widely throughout Britain.

There are three subcommunities.

British National Vegetation Classification
The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain.

A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: British Plant Communities, edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists.

From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include MATCH, TABLEFIT and MAVIS.
Cayetunya
Cayetunya is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from Central and South America. It was first described by the Czech entomologist Jan Bechyné in 1958.

Most species in this genus are known to display strong sexual dimorphism, such that males and females could be mistaken for separate genera. The female of C. clarki is unknown.

Jan Bechyně
Jan Karel Bechyně (19 September 1920 – 9 March 1973) was a Czech entomologist and a leading authority on leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). He was the son of photographer Jan Bechyně and nephew of architect Stanislav Bechyně.
Aluminé (town)
Aluminé is a second class municipality and the capital city of Aluminé Department located in the west-central part of the Neuquén Province, Argentina. With an economy based on animal husbandry, forest exploitation and tourism, it serves as a service center for the nearby rural areas.

Located near the Andes, the town benefits from mountainous landscapes featuring clearwater lakes, streams and typical local vegetation, including the official provincial tree Araucaria araucana, coihue and mallín. It is a popular destination for a variety of outdoor activities, such as trekking, sport-fishing and rafting.

Araucaria araucana
Araucaria araucana, commonly called the pewen, monkey-puzzle, pehuen or piñonero or Chile pine, is an evergreen tree belonging to the family Araucariaceae and growing to a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft) and a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft). Native to central and southern Chile and western Argentina, it is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria.

It is also the official tree of Chile and of the neighboring Argentine province of Neuquén. The IUCN changed its conservation status to Endangered in 2013, because logging, forest fires, and grazing have caused its population to dwindle.
Wai khru
The wai khru ceremony (Thai: พิธีไหว้ครู, pronounced [wâːj kʰrūː]) is a Thai ritual in which students pay respects to teachers in order to express their gratitude and formalize the student–teacher relationship. It is regularly held near the beginning of the school year in most schools in Thailand. Wai khru has long been an important rite in the traditional martial and performing arts, as well as in astrology, Thai Massage and other traditional arts; students and performers of Muay Thai and Krabi Krabong, as well as Thai dance and classical music, will usually perform a wai khru ritual at their initiation as well as before performances to pay respect and homage to both their teachers and the deities who patronize their arts.

Music of Thailand
The music of Thailand includes a wide array of distinct genres, both traditional and modern.

Traditional Thai musical instruments are varied and reflect ancient influence from far afield – including the klong thap and khim (Persian origin), the chakhe (Indian origin), the klong chin (Chinese origin), and the klong khaek (Indonesian origin).

The two most popular styles of traditional Thai music are luk thung and mor lam. The latter in particular has close affinities with the music of Laos.

Aside from the Thai, ethnic minorities such as the Lao, Lawa, Hmong, Akha, Khmer, Lisu, Karen and Lahu peoples have retained traditional musical forms.

Though Thailand was never colonized by colonial powers, pop music and other forms of modern Asian, European and American music have become extremely influential.
Bangor University Boat Club
Bangor University Boat Club (BUBC) is the rowing club of Bangor University run for and by the university's students. The club's home water is Llyn Padarn in the nearby village of Llanberis, approximately 20 minutes outside Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales.

The club has a membership base of experienced and novice rowers. BUBC competes in BUCS events throughout the year and its members attend local head races and regattas and is affiliated to British Rowing and Welsh Rowing.

Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor (/ˈbæŋɡɔːr/, /-ɡər/; Welsh: [ˈbaŋɡɔr] ⓘ) is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, Wales. Historically part of Caernarfonshire, the community had a population of 15,060 at the 2021 census, and the built up area had a population of 16,990. Landmarks include Bangor Cathedral, Bangor University and Garth Pier. The Britannia and Menai Suspension bridges connect the city to the Isle of Anglesey.
Afraflacilla sengwaensis
Afraflacilla sengwaensis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Afraflacilla that lives in Zimbabwe. It is found in the Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, after which it is named. The spider was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Meg Cumming. The female has not been identified. The species is very similar to Afraflacilla venustula, including the pattern on the abdomen. It is a small spider, with a cephalothorax that is typically 1.8 mm (0.071 in) long and an abdomen typically 2.3 mm (0.091 in) long. It can be most easily distinguished from other members of the genus by its copulatory organs. The palpal bulb has a distinctive irregular shape, as is the embolus base.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Calum MacLeod (of Raasay)
Malcolm Macleod BEM (Scottish Gaelic: Calum Macleòid, 15 November 1911 – 26 January 1988) was a Scottish crofter who notably built Calum's Road on the Island of Raasay, Scotland. He was Local Assistant Keeper of Rona Lighthouse and the part-time postman for the north end of Raasay.

Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land. It is usually small and arable, and typically, though not always, includes a crofter's dwelling. A crofter is a person who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer in rural areas.

In Northern England, "crofter" was a term associated with tenant farming and rural employment. For example, in the textiles industry, it referred to someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing by laying it out in fields known as "crofts".
Michigan's 7th congressional district
Michigan's 7th congressional district is a United States congressional district in Southern Michigan and portions of Central Michigan. The current district, drawn in 2022, centers around Lansing, Michigan's state capital, and includes all of Clinton, Shiawassee, Ingham, and Livingston counties, as well as portions of Eaton, Genesee, and Oakland counties.

The district is currently represented by Republican Tom Barrett. The previous incarnation of this district was represented by Republican Tim Walberg, who now represents the state's 5th congressional district.

The district was identified as a presidential bellwether by Sabato's Crystal Ball, having voted for the Electoral College winner in the past five presidential elections as of 2024.

Genesee County, Michigan
Genesee County (/ˈdʒɛnəsi/ JEN-ə-see) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 406,211, and was estimated to be 402,279 in 2024, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan, and the most populous in Mid-Michigan. The county seat and largest city is Flint (birthplace of General Motors). Genesee County consists of 33 cities, townships, and villages. It is considered to be a part of Mid-Michigan.

The county was named after Genesee County, New York, which in turn comes from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "Beautiful Valley". Genesee County comprises the Flint, MI Metropolitan statistical area. A major attraction for visitors is Crossroads Village, a living history village north of Flint.

Genesee County is noted for having had the fossil of an ancient whale known as Balaenoptera Lacepede unearthed in Thetford Township during quarry work and estimated at 11,000 years old.
Cook Islands Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal of the Cook Islands is the superior court of record for the Cook Islands. It hears appeals from the High Court of the Cook Islands and was established by Article 56 of the Constitution of the Cook Islands.

High Court of the Cook Islands
The High Court of the Cook Islands is the court of first instance in the Cook Islands. It has general jurisdiction and responsibility under the Constitution of the Cook Islands for the administration of justice in the Cook Islands. The Court is established by part IV of the Constitution of the Cook Islands.
2022 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship
The 2022 FIBA U20 Women's European Championship was the 19th edition of the Women's European basketball championship for national under-20 teams. It was played from 8 to 16 July 2022 in Sopron, Hungary. Spain women's national under-20 basketball team won the tournament and became the European champions for the ninth time.

Spain women's national under-20 basketball team
The Spain women's national under-20 basketball team is the representative for Spain in international under-20 women's basketball competitions, and it is organized and run by the Spanish Basketball Federation. The U20 team represents Spain at the FIBA U20 Women's EuroBasket. Between 2003 and 2007, the U21 team represented Spain at the former FIBA Under-21 World Championship for Women.
Kiyomu Fukuda
Kiyomu Fukuda (福田 皖, Fukuda Kiyomu) is a Japanese director, character designer, and animator associated with Studio Kikan and Arms. He also uses the name Kan Fukumoto (ふくもと かん, Fukumoto Kan) mostly while directing hentai between 1992 and 2005, and occasionally for animation work on more risqué television titles since then. Between 1986 and 1991, he ran his own animation studio, Atelier Fukurou.

Arms (company)
Arms Corp., Ltd. (Japanese: 有限会社アームス, Hepburn: Yūgen-gaisha Āmusu; stylized as ARMS) was a Japanese animation studio based in Suginami, Tokyo and active from 1996 to 2020. It is mostly known for being the studio that created the popular anime adaptation, Elfen Lied