hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avato
Avato (Greek: Άβατο meaning impassable, sacrosanct) is a settlement in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is located 3 kilometers south southeast of Evlalo and 24.7 kilometers north northeast of Xanthi. In 2021, the population of Avato was 956 inhabitants. The settlement belongs to the municipality of Topeiros.

A number of residents are of African-Greek descent with roots dating back to Ottoman times, when their ancestors have been brought to Avato as slaves from Sudan.

The ancestors of Thrace’s Afrogreeks were brought by an Ottoman pasha from Egypt (likely by Ibrahim’s son, Mohammed Ali), since the area was an Egyptian estate during the years of Ottoman occupation.

As slavery was widespread in North Africa at the time, Turkish Sudan, according to scholars, was a major source of slaves. The Ottoman Empire was one of the main customers.

300–350 years ago, ships with black slaves bought by local beys sailed to the town of Abdera, Thrace.

Evlalo
Evlalo (Greek: Εύλαλο; Turkish: İnhanlı) is a village and a community in the Xanthi regional unit of Thrace, Greece. The municipal seat of Topeiros, it is located 23 kilometers south-southwest of the city of Xanthi. In 2021, the population was 4,032 for the community. The community consists of the villages Evlalo, Dekarcho, Iliokentima, Kremasti, Kyrnos, Mikrochori, Orfani and Palaio Olvio.
Placidium arboreum
Placidium arboreum, commonly known as the tree stipplescale, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), squamulose (scaley) lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Placidium arboreum is primarily found in the southeastern United States, but it also has occurrences in the western and northeastern United States, Mexico, the West Indies, Argentina, and Ontario, Canada. In its habitat, it typically grows at the base of hardwood trees, particularly oak species, and can occasionally be found on other tree genera or even over mosses on limestone. Its preferred substrate is the bark of oak trees, and the lichen usually establishes itself in bark crevices.

Originally described as Endocarpon arboreum in 1831, Placidium arboreum underwent various taxonomic changes before acquiring its current generic placement in 2004. Some authors had referred to it as Endocarpon tuckermanii, but the name with the species epithet tuckermanii is now considered synonymous.

Squamulose lichen
A squamulose lichen is a lichen that is composed of small, often overlapping "scales" called squamules. If they are raised from the substrate and appear leafy, the lichen may appear to be a foliose lichen, but the underside does not have a "skin" (cortex), as foliose lichens do.
 Squamulose lichens are composed of flattish units that are usually tightly clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens.

Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis and Lichenomphalia hudsoniana.
Acta Mathematica Hungarica
Acta Mathematica Hungarica is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, published by Akadémiai Kiadó and Springer Science+Business Media. The journal was established in 1950 and publishes articles on mathematics related to work by Hungarian mathematicians.

Its 2009 MCQ was 0.39, and its 2015 impact factor was 0.469. The editor-in-chief is Imre Bárány, honorary editor is Ákos Császár, the editors are the mathematician members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.
Sharon J. Drysdale Field
Sharon J. Drysdale Field at Kirkpatrick Stadium is the home field of the Northwestern Wildcats softball team of Northwestern University.  The stadium is located in the athletic complex along Ashland Avenue, adjacent to Ryan Field, Welsh–Ryan Arena, and Rocky Miller Park.  The venue has a seating capacity of 1,326.

Originally named Anderson Field, the stadium was renamed for longtime head coach Sharon Drysdale upon her retirement in 2001.  The stadium saw significant renovations in 2006 and again in 2025.  The latest project will see the facility named for lead donors Kip and Sara Kirkpatrick and is highlighted by expansions to permanent seating, a press box, and team facilities.

Rocky Miller Park
Rocky and Berenice Miller Park is a baseball stadium in Evanston, Illinois.  It is the home field of the Northwestern Wildcats college baseball team.  The stadium holds 600 people seated and opened for baseball in 1943. In 2014, the park began a renovation, and reopened on April 2, 2016, against the Michigan Wolverines. The renovation added the Hayden Clubhouse, which holds the team's locker room. A new players' lounge, and a new LED scoreboard are among other additions to the stadium.
Matilda Freeman
Matilda Freeman (born 2004) is a British actress. She has appeared in various short films and played a leading role in the 2019 feature film The Last Boy. In 2017, after a guest appearance on Doctors, Freeman began playing the regular role of Summer Spellman on the soap opera Coronation Street. For her work on the soap, Freeman was nominated for an Inside Soap Award and a British Soap Award. Freeman left the soap in 2020 to explore other acting opportunities and the role was subsequently recast. She has since appeared in Alma's Not Normal and Passenger.

Alma's Not Normal
Alma's Not Normal is a British sitcom first broadcast as a pilot episode on BBC Two in April 2020. The series follows the eponymous Alma, from Bolton, as she tries to give her life meaning and the "fabulous" outcome she has always dreamed of, while coping with the strained relationships of her family that saw her spend time in care, something else which she is trying to reconcile. The series is written by and stars Sophie Willan, and is inspired by her own experiences of the care system and working as a call girl.

Willan won the 2021 BAFTA Television award for best comedy writer for the pilot episode. A full six episode series was commissioned for broadcast in 2021. A second series was commissioned in 2022, which premiered on 7 October 2024.

Series 2 is the last, although Willan has said that there is a Christmas special in the works, however this has not been confirmed.
Clickjacking
Clickjacking (classified as a user interface redress attack or UI redressing) is a malicious technique of tricking a user into clicking on something different from what the user perceives, thus potentially revealing confidential information or allowing others to take control of their computer while clicking on seemingly innocuous objects, including web pages.

Clickjacking is an instance of the confused deputy problem, wherein a computer is tricked into misusing its authority.

Security hacker
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching or bypassing defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, sabotage, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.

Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats). A 2014 article noted that "the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public". The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the "computer underground".
Besa (Albanian culture)
Besa (Albanian indefinite form: besë) is an Albanian cultural precept, usually translated as "pledge of honor", "solemn faith" or "solemn oath", that means "to keep the promise" and "word of honor", regarded as something sacred and inviolable. Besa is of prime importance as a cornerstone of personal and social conduct in the Albanian traditional customary law (Kanun), which has directed all the aspects of Albanian tribal society.

The Albanian adjective besnik, derived from besa, means "faithful", "trustworthy", i.e. one who keeps his word. Besnik for men and Besa for women continue to be popular names among Albanians.

Faith
In religion, faith is the "belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion".

Religious people often think of faith as confidence based on a perceived degree of warrant, or evidence, while others who are more skeptical of religion tend to think of faith as belief without evidence.

According to Thomas Aquinas, faith is "an act of the intellect assenting to the truth at the command of the will".
Religion has a long tradition, since the ancient world, of analyzing divine questions using common human experiences such as sensation, reason, science, and history that do not rely on revelation—called natural theology.
Cibi Lake
Cibi Lake (Chinese: 茈碧湖; pinyin: Cíbì Hú) is a lake in Eryuan County, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. It lies about 73 km north of Dali City. It is fed by the Fengyu River and drains southward into the Erhai Lake via the Miju River (the upstream of it called Haiwei River).The lake is 6.1 km long and 0.75–2.5 km wide, with a 17 km shoreline.

Erhai Lake
Erhai or Er Lake (Chinese: 洱海; pinyin: Ěrhǎi), is an alpine fault lake in Dali City, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan province, China.  Erhai was also known as Yeyuze (叶榆泽) or Kunming Lake (昆明池) in ancient times.
Southampton Terminus railway station
Southampton Terminus railway station served the Port of Southampton and Southampton City Centre, England from 1840 until 1966. The station was authorised on 25 July 1834 and built as the terminus of the London and Southampton Railway, which later changed its name to the London and South Western Railway (LSWR). The station opened as "Southampton" on 11 May 1840 due to the track not being fully linked between Winchester and Basingstoke.

The station building was constructed in 1839–40 to the design of Sir William Tite. The LSWR  added the much larger South Western Hotel building, designed by John Norton, in 1872. The line was extended into the Ocean Dock Terminal to allow boat trains to terminate on the quayside.

London and Southampton Railway
The London and Southampton Railway was an early 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge railway company between London and Southampton, in England. It opened in stages from 1838 to 1840 after a difficult construction period, but was commercially successful.

On preparing to serve Portsmouth, a rival port to Southampton, it changed its name to the London and South Western Railway in June 1839.

Its original termini, at Nine Elms in London and at Southampton Docks, proved inconvenient and the line was extended to better-situated main stations at both ends. The remainder of the original main line continues in use today, as an important part of the national rail network.

This article deals with the construction of the original line up to the time of opening throughout. Subsequent information is in the article London and South Western Railway.
Arian Çani
Arian Çani (born May 4, 1968) is an Albanian journalist and television presenter. He is known for hosting the political talk show Zonë e Lirë on several Albanian television channels, including TV Klan, Vizion Plus, and ABC News Albania.

ABC News (Albania)
ABC News is an Albanian free-to-air television channel based in Tirana. It was founded in 2010 on the frequency of the defunct Italian-Albanian channel Telenorba Shqiptare and in 2019 was acquired by ABC Management sh.p.k. It is part of the ABC Media Group, together with Television 7 (T7) and Gazeta Express (gazetaexpress.com) in Kosovo. ABC News Radio, a radio relay channel is available on 105.0 FM in Tirana.
Fiona McLeod
Fiona Grace McLeod (born 3 December 1957) is a Scottish politician who served as acting Minister for Children and Young People from 2014 to 2015. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she was Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Strathkelvin and Bearsden constituency from 2011 to 2016, having previously represented the West of Scotland region from 1999 to 2003.

Minister for Children, Young People and the Promise
The Minister for Children, Young People and The Promise is a junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government.  As a junior minister, the holder does not attend the Scottish Cabinet. The incumbent reports to the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills, who has overall responsibility for the portfolio, and is a member of Cabinet.

The Minister for Children, Young People and The Promise has specific responsibility for the social services workforce, childcare and preschool, children's services, children's hearings and the Care Inspectorate. The current holder of the role is Natalie Don who was appointed in March 2023 upon the formation of the First Yousaf Government.
2027 Pacific Games
The 2027 Pacific Games (French: 2027 Jeux du Pacifique; Tahitian: 2027 Ha‘utira‘a no Pātifita), officially known as the XVIII Pacific Games, and commonly known as Tahiti 2027 or Pirae 2027 (Tahitian: Pīraʻe 2027) is an upcoming continental multi-sport event for Pacific Island countries and territories that is scheduled to take place in Pirae, Tahiti, French Polynesia from 24 July to 8 August 2027.

It will be the third Pacific Games to be held in Tahiti after the 1971 South Pacific Games in Papeete and 1995 South Pacific Games in Pirae.

Pīraʻe
Pīraʻe [piːraʔe] is a commune in the suburbs of Papeʻete in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. Pīraʻe is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. It borders Papeʻete in the west and Arue in the east. At the 2022 census it had a population of 14,068. The Stade Pater Te Hono Nui is a stadium located in the commune.
Velvet Hands
Mani di velluto, internationally released as Velvet Hands, is a 1979 Italian comedy film directed by Castellano & Pipolo. For this film Adriano Celentano was awarded with a David di Donatello for Best Actor. The film also won the David di Donatello for Best Producer.

Adriano Celentano
Adriano Celentano (Italian: [adriˈaːno tʃelenˈtaːno]; born 6 January 1938) is an Italian singer-songwriter, actor, showman, and filmmaker. He is dubbed Il Molleggiato ('the springy one') because of his energetic dancing.

Celentano's many albums frequently enjoyed both commercial and critical success. With around 150 million records sold worldwide, he is one of  the best-selling Italian musical artists.  Often credited as the author of both the music and lyrics of his songs, according to his wife Claudia Mori, some were written in collaboration with others. Due to his prolific career, both in Italy and abroad, he is considered one of the pillars of Italian music.

Celentano is recognized for being particularly perceptive of changes in the music business and is credited for having introduced rock and roll to Italy. As an actor, Celentano has appeared in 39 films, mostly comedies.
Music of Guinea
Guinea is a West African nation, composed of several ethnic groups. Among its most widely known musicians is Mory Kanté – 10 Cola Nuts saw major mainstream success in both Guinea and Mali while "Yé ké yé ké", a single from Akwaba Beach, was a European success in 1988.

Mory Kanté
Mory Kanté (29 March 1950 – 22 May 2020) was a Guinean vocalist and player of the kora harp. He was best known internationally for his 1987 hit song "Yé ké yé ké", which reached number-one in Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, and Spain. The album it came from, Akwaba Beach, was the best-selling African record of its time.
Clitocybe strigosa
Clitocybe strigosa is a species of mushroom-forming fungus first described by the Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja in 1969. It is characterized by its chestnut to greyish-brown, hygrophanous cap, pale yellow spore print with a faint greyish tint, and cyanophilic spores that readily absorb blue dyes due to their mucilaginous outer layer. This saprotrophic fungus grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, often in deep moss carpets under spruce or beech, and occasionally on calcareous heaths above the tree line. The species shows a disjunct distribution in Fennoscandia, occurring in both alpine, calcareous zones and southern boreal lowland zones.

Spore print
The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal fruit body to fall onto a surface underneath. It is an important diagnostic character in most handbooks for identifying mushrooms. It shows the colour of the mushroom spores if viewed en masse.
Ching-Lai Sheng
Dr Sheng Ching-lai or Sheng Qinglai (July 20, 1919 – June 23, 2018) was a Chinese-born Taiwanese electrical engineer, computer scientist, and philosopher. He served at the president of the National Chiao Tung University from 1972 to 1978.

National Chiao Tung University
National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) was a public research university in Hsinchu, Taiwan. Established in 1896 as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict of the Guangxu Emperor, it was one of China's leading universities. After the Chinese Civil War, NCTU was re-established by former Chiao Tung University faculty and alumni in Taiwan in 1958.

NCTU was selected by Taiwan's Ministry of Educations as one of the seven national universities focused on research in 2002. It was subsequently chosen to pursue all-around excellence with "versatile international competitiveness to continuously strengthen international academic influence and visibility".

NCTU was merged with National Yang-Ming University into the newly formed National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University on 1 February 2021.
Conscious Community
The Conscious Community, also known as the Black Conscious Community and the African Conscious Community, is a loose affiliation of allied groups composed of individuals from the African diaspora and from Africa. Pan-Africanism, Afrocentrism, Afrofuturism, Black Nationalism, and Black Liberation Religion/Spirituality are foundational sources for the ideologies found among individuals in the Black Conscious Community.

Africana philosophy
Africana philosophy is the work of philosophers of African descent and others whose work deals with the subject matter of the African diaspora. The name does not refer to a particular philosophy, philosophical system, method, or tradition. Rather, Africana philosophy is a third-order, metaphilosophical, umbrella-concept used to bring organizing oversight to various efforts of philosophizing. Africana philosophy is a part of and developed within the field of Africana studies.
Palaszczuk shadow ministry
The shadow ministry of Annastatcia Palaszczuk was the Labor opposition between March 2012 and February 2015, opposing the Newman government in the Parliament of Queensland. It was led by Annastacia Palaszczuk following her election as leader of the party and Opposition Leader on 28 March 2012. Tim Mulherin was the deputy party leader and Deputy Leader of the Opposition.

Following Labor's disastrous result at the 2012 state election,  deputy party leader Leader Andrew Fraser lost his seat and Anna Bligh resigning as party leader. The Palaszczuk shadow ministry then succeeded the Bligh ministry as the Labor Party frontbench. Following Labor's victory at the 2015 state election, the shadow ministry transitioned into the First Palaszczuk ministry. The Springborg shadow ministry then succeeded the Palaszczuk shadow ministry as the new shadow cabinet of Queensland.

Bligh ministry
Anna Bligh was sworn in as Premier of Queensland on 13 September 2007 with her first ministry, replacing Peter Beattie, who had retired from politics, and his ministry. She subsequently won the 2009 state election with a reduced majority against the newly merged Liberal National Party of Queensland. Shortly thereafter, on 26 March 2009, Bligh reshuffled the ministry. She conducted a second reshuffle on 21 February 2011. Following her party's loss at the 2012 state election, she soon resigned as Premier to make way for the Newman Ministry.
The Gun Runners
The Gun Runners is a 1958 American film noir crime film directed by Donald Siegel. It is the third adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's 1937 novel To Have and Have Not (after 1944's To Have and Have Not and 1950's The Breaking Point), and stars Audie Murphy as a down-on-his-luck charter boat captain who begins smuggling guns for Cuban revolutionaries.

Don Siegel, writing about the film in his memoirs, reflected, "There’s an old adage; never make a sea picture with a C budget."

The Breaking Point (1950 film)
The Breaking Point is a 1950 American film noir crime drama directed by Michael Curtiz. It is the second film adaptation of the 1937 Ernest Hemingway novel To Have and Have Not, the first one having featured Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. The film stars Patricia Neal and John Garfield in his penultimate film role.
Vorau Abbey
Vorau Abbey (German: Stift Vorau) is an abbey of the Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular located in Vorau, Styria, Austria. Founded in 1163, it contains an ornate Viennese High Baroque collegiate church and library that date to the 18th century.

Collegiate church
A collegiate church is a Christian church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, headed by a dignitary bearing a title which may vary, such as dean or provost.

In its governance and religious observance, a collegiate church is similar in some respects to a cathedral, but a collegiate church is not the seat of a bishop and has no diocesan responsibilities.

Collegiate churches have often been supported by endowments, including lands, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices.

The  church building commonly provides both distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of the canons.
Neil Ellis (politician)
Neil R. Ellis (born 1962) is a Canadian politician, currently serving as the mayor of Belleville, Ontario. He is a former Liberal Member of Parliament, who was elected to represent the riding of Bay of Quinte in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 federal election. In the 2019 federal election, Ellis was reelected as the Member of Parliament for the Bay of Quinte. He was defeated in the 2021 federal election.

Bay of Quinte (federal electoral district)
Bay of Quinte (French: Baie de Quinte) is a federal electoral district in central Ontario, Canada, centred on the Bay of Quinte.

Bay of Quinte was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for 19 October 2015. It was created out of parts of the electoral districts of Prince Edward—Hastings (62%) and Northumberland—Quinte West (38%).