hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simonstown (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Simonstown (Afrikaans: Simonstad) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1958 to 1994. Named for the naval port of Simon’s Town (the one-word and two-word spellings of the town’s name are both accepted, but the constituency name was generally spelled as one word), it covered roughly the southern half of the Cape Peninsula. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

1958 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 16 April 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party, now under the leadership of J. G. Strijdom after the retirement of D. F. Malan in 1954. The opposition United Party campaigned for the first time under De Villiers Graaff, who would remain party leader for two decades.

The National Party won 103 seats in the House of Assembly. It was the first election in South Africa with a whites-only electorate, following the removal of the Cape Qualified Franchise in the late 1950s, after the resolution of the coloured vote constitutional crisis. Coloured voters were now represented by four white MPs elected in separate constituencies, after the model introduced for native (black) voters in 1936. As these latter (NMP) seats were abolished in 1960, this was the only general election in which both separate coloured and native (Black) MPs were seated.
Chinese women in space
As of 2024, the People's Republic of China has sent three women to space: Liu Yang, Wang Yaping and Wang Haoze all of whom are taikonauts in the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC). Liu Yang, China's first female taikonaut, first flew in 2012 aboard Shenzhou 9, and since then four additional missions have included female crew members: Shenzhou 10, 13, 14 and 19. According to the China National Space Administration, many women also hold leadership positions in the Chinese space program, and actively contribute to the Chinese space effort.

Shenzhou 13
Shenzhou 13 (Chinese: 神舟十三号; pinyin: Shénzhōu Shísān-hào; lit. 'Divine Boat Number 13') was a Chinese spaceflight to the Tiangong space station, launched on 16 October 2021. It carried three People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonauts on board a Shenzhou spacecraft. The mission was the eighth crewed Chinese spaceflight and the thirteenth flight overall of the Shenzhou program.
MozaIQ (magazine)
MozaIQ is the official magazine of the Serbian Mensa. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1998 up to the 2019. It primarily contains articles about geography, history, science and world culture. The magazine was published bi-monthly, and occasionally with additional appendum was also included with printed Mensa documents. It is available only in online edition.

Mensa International
Mensa International is the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world. It is a non-profit organization open to people who score at the 98th percentile or higher on a standardised, supervised IQ or other approved intelligence test. Mensa formally comprises national groups and the umbrella organisation Mensa International, with a registered office in Caythorpe, Lincolnshire, England, which is separate from the British Mensa office in Wolverhampton.
Kassius Robertson
Kassius Robertson (born April 20, 1994) is a Canadian professional basketball player for Dreamland Gran Canaria of the Liga ACB and Basketball Champions League (BCL). He played college basketball for the Canisius Golden Griffins and Missouri Tigers.

Missouri Tigers men's basketball
The Missouri Tigers men's basketball team represents the University of Missouri in the SEC. Prior to the 2012–2013 season, the basketball team represented the school in the Big 12 Conference. They are located in Columbia, Missouri, playing home games at Mizzou Arena (15,061). The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2025. The Tigers' season in 2022–23 was their first under head coach Dennis Gates, who was hired away from Cleveland State to replace the fired Cuonzo Martin. The Missouri men's basketball program was a charter member of the Big 12 Conference, formed from the Big Eight Conference in 1996. Entering the 2023–24 season the Tigers had an all-time record of 1,691–1,245 and a winning percentage of .576.
Tolson's Chapel and School
Tolson's Chapel and School is a historic African American church located at Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It was built in 1866 and served as a church and a Freedmen's Bureau school for black residents of Sharpsburg in the years following the American Civil War.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2021.

Freedmen's Bureau
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, usually referred to as simply the Freedmen's Bureau, was a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former enslaved people) in the South. It was established on March 3, 1865, and operated briefly as a federal agency after the War, from 1865 to November 1872, to direct provisions, clothing, and fuel for the immediate and temporary shelter and supply of destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children.
Parvez Ahmed Shahid
Parvez Ahmed Shahid (born 20 December 1948) is a retired banker and in his most recent role served as co-chairman of the Central Management Committee at Bank Alfalah from 2006 to 2011. Prior to this he worked for an international bank in which his last role was that of head of global treasury and resigned from BCCI in June 1991.

Shahid also served as the coordinator in Pakistan for Abu Dhabi Group Archived 2 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, a group based in the United Arab Emirates and headed by Nahayan Mabarak Al Nahayan, a senior member of the Abu Dhabi Royal Family and Minister in the Federal Government of UAE. With Shahid and Nahayan's personal friendship going back to the 1970s, Shahid was jointly responsible along with his brother Bashir Tahir for bringing in foreign investment to Pakistan to the tune of over $1 billion.

Bank Alfalah
Bank Alfalah Limited (Urdu pronunciation: [bɛŋk al.fə.ˈlaːh] bank-al-fuh-LAH), formerly known as Habib Credit and Exchange Bank, is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi. It is a subsidiary of an Emirati conglomerate, Abu Dhabi United Group.

It is one of the largest private banks in Pakistan with a network of more than 890 branches in more than 200 cities across Pakistan with an international presence in Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Bahrain and UAE of 12 branches. The Bank is listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.
Roberta Karlsson och kungen
Roberta Karlsson och kungen is a 1983 children's book by Viveca Lärn and the third book in the Mimmi series. Written as a diary, it is set between 8 June and 16 July the year Mimmi has summer vacation between first and second grade. Together with En ettas dagbok and Vi smyger på Enok they were later all released in a collection called Mimmis bok.

Viveca Lärn
Viveca Lärn, earlier Viveca Sundvall (born 6 April 1944), is a Swedish writer and journalist. She is mostly famous for writing the Mimmi and the Eddie children's book series. She has also written books for an adult audience, and many of those books formed the basis for the TV series Saltön.
Criminal law in the Taney Court
The Taney Court (the Supreme Court of the United States under Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, 1836–1864) heard thirty criminal law cases, approximately one per year. Notable cases include Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), United States v. Rogers (1846), Ableman v. Booth (1858), Ex parte Vallandigham (1861), and United States v. Jackalow (1862).

Like its predecessor, the Taney Court exercised only limited appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases. Like its predecessor, it heard original habeas petitions, writs of error from the state courts, and certificates of division from the circuit courts. In addition, unlike its predecessor, the Court heard two writs of error from the territorial courts and three prerogative writs of mandamus and prohibition in criminal matters. The Court denied every petition for a prerogative writ that it received, habeas or otherwise.

Ex parte Vallandigham
Ex parte Vallandigham, 68 U.S. (1 Wall.) 243 (1864), is a United States Supreme Court case, involving a former congressman Clement Vallandigham of Ohio, who had violated an Army order against the public expression of sympathy for the Confederate States and their cause. Vallandigham was tried before a military tribunal by Major General Ambrose E. Burnside for treason after he delivered an incendiary speech at Mount Vernon; he then appealed the tribunal's verdict to the Supreme Court, arguing that he as a civilian could not be tried before a military tribunal.

In February 1864, the Supreme Court avoided ruling on the question by instead unanimously holding that they could not take appeals from military tribunals at all.
China–Nepal railway
The China–Nepal Railway (Chinese: 中尼铁路; Nepali: चीन-नेपाल रेलवे) is a planned railway between China and Nepal. The railway will link Kathmandu with Shigatse, Tibet, crossing the China–Nepal border at Gyirong–Rasuwa.

Lhasa–Shigatse railway
The Lhasa–Shigatse railway, or Lari railway (Tibetan: ལྷ་གཞིས་ལྕགས་ལམ་) (simplified Chinese: 拉日铁路; traditional Chinese: 拉日鐵路; pinyin: Lārì Tiělù), is a high-elevation railway that connects Lhasa to Shigatse (Xigazê), in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The travel time between Lhasa and Shigatse on this line is roughly three hours.
Martin & Regine: The World Concert Tour
Martin & Regine: The World Concert Tour was a co-headlining tour by Filipino performers Martin Nievera and Regine Velasquez. It began on March 8, 2003 in Honolulu, Hawaii and visited the United States and the Philippines. The joint tour came after the two had finished their own concert residencies at the Onstage Theatre in 2002 —  Nievera's Opening Night and Velasquez's Songbird Sings. The tour was announced early in 2003 and was exclusively promoted by Maximedia International. The set list featured songs taken from both singers' discographies, including collaborations such as "You Are My Song" and "Forever", as well as various covers. Louie Ocampo and Gerard Salonga served as the musical directors for the United States and Philippine legs, respectively. Reviews for the tour were generally positive, with critics praising both artists' vocal abilities.

Songbird Sings
Songbird Sings was a concert residency by Filipina singer Regine Velasquez at the Onstage Theater in Makati. The residency began on November 8 and concluded on December 28, 2002, after completing fifteen shows. The set list featured songs taken from Velasquez's discography. These incorporated tracks she released from her cover albums. The show was produced by Maximedia International. Raul Mitra served as musical director, while Gabby Eigenmann was selected as guest act. It was positively received by music critics, who praised the show's theme and Velasquez's live performance.
Entsū-in (Matsushima)
Entsū-in (円通院) is a Buddhist temple located in the town of  Matsushima, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Belonging to the  Myōshin-ji-branch of Rinzai Zen, it was founded in 1647 next to Zuigan-ji as the memorial temple for Date Mitsumune, the grandson of Date Masamune. The temple is noted for its rose gardens. The mausoleum of Date Mitsumune is decorated with Namban art motifs inspired by late Sengoku period contact with the West, and has been designated an Important Cultural Property. The temple also has a Japanese garden attributed to Kobori Enshū.

Date Masamune
Date Masamune (伊達 政宗; DAH-tay; September 5, 1567 – June 27, 1636) was a Japanese samurai and daimyō during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai. An outstanding tactician, he was made all the more iconic for his missing eye, as Masamune was often called dokuganryū (独眼竜), or the "One-Eyed Dragon of Ōshū". 
As a legendary warrior and leader, Masamune is a character in a number of Japanese period dramas.
Lead(II) iodide
Lead(II) iodide (or lead iodide) is a chemical compound with the formula PbI2. At room temperature, it is a bright yellow odorless crystalline solid, that becomes orange and red when heated. It was formerly called plumbous iodide.

The compound currently has a few specialized applications, such as the manufacture of solar cells, X-rays and gamma-ray detectors. Its preparation is used in chemistry education to teach topics such as precipitation reactions and stoichiometry. It is decomposed by light at temperatures above 125 °C (257 °F), and this effect has been used in a patented photographic process.

Lead iodide was formerly employed as a yellow pigment in some paints, with the name iodide yellow. However, that use has been largely discontinued due to its toxicity and poor stability.

Precipitation (chemistry)
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the "sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution". The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the precipitant.

The liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the supernate or supernatant.
The Last Kingdom: Seven Kings Must Die
The Last Kingdom: Seven Kings Must Die is a 2023 British historical drama film directed by Edward Bazalgette, written by Martha Hillier and based on The Saxon Stories series of novels by Bernard Cornwell. It is the sequel and conclusion to the television series The Last Kingdom. The series regulars Alexander Dreymon, Harry Gilby, Mark Rowley, Arnas Fedaravicius, Cavan Clerkin, James Northcote, Ross Anderson, Ilona Chevakova, Rod Hallett, Ewan Horrocks and Steffan Rhodri reprise their roles. It was released on 14 April 2023 on Netflix.

The Vapors
The Vapors are an English new wave and power pop band formed in Guildford, active from 1978 to 1982 before reforming in 2016. They are best known for their 1980 hit single, "Turning Japanese", which reached No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 36 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Chanel Cresswell
Chanel Cresswell  (born 23 January 1990) is an English actress, known for playing Kelly Jenkins in the film This Is England (2006) and the three subsequent series This Is England '86 (2010), This Is England '88 (2011) and This Is England '90 (2015), for the last of which she won the BAFTA for Best Supporting Actress in 2016.

Other credits include starring as Katie McVey in the Sky One sitcom Trollied (2011–2013, 2015–2018), as Coleen Rooney in Channel 4's Vardy v Rooney: A Courtroom Drama (2022), and as Tammy in the Guy Ritchie Netflix television series  The Gentlemen (2024).

British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress
This is a list of the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress. The British Academy Television Awards (BAFTA TV Awards) were first presented in 1954. They are the UK equivalent to the Emmy Awards in the United States. From 1954 to 1997, film and television awards were presented at one ceremony. Since 1998, two separate ceremonies have been held.

The awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Supporting Actor were first presented at the 2010 ceremony.

The first winner of this award was Rebecca Hall for her performance as Paula Garland in the Channel 4 limited series Red Riding 1974 (2010). The most recent winner was Jasmine Jobson for her role in the series Top Boy on Netflix.

Monica Dolan, Jasmine Jobson and Lesley Manville have the most nominations for this award, with three each.
Fantasy War Tactics
Fantasy War Tactics is a free-to-play mobile strategic role-playing game with in-app purchase, developed by Nexon GT and published by Nexon. The game ran its global beta stage on April 30, 2015  and was globally released on November 5, 2015 for both iOS and Android platforms, available in 154 countries.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Bending the Arc
Bending the Arc is a 2017 documentary film. It tells the story of Partners in Health and doctors and humanitarians, Jim Yong Kim, Ophelia Dahl, and Paul Farmer, who are devoted to innovative health care in impoverished nations. Directors Kief Davidson and Pedro Kos follow their ongoing struggle to treat and eradicate tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in rural areas of Haiti, Peru, and Rwanda.

Partners In Health
Partners In Health (PIH) is an international nonprofit public health organization founded in 1987 by Paul Farmer, Ophelia Dahl, Thomas J. White, Todd McCormack, and Jim Yong Kim.

Partners in Health provides healthcare in the poorest areas of developing countries. The organization builds hospitals and other medical facilities, hires and trains local staff, and delivers a range of healthcare, from in-home consultations to cancer treatments. It also removes barriers to maintaining good health, such as dirty water or a lack of food. The approach trades charity for "accompaniment" which is described as a "dogged commitment to doing whatever it takes to give the poor a fair shake." While many of its principles are rooted in liberation theology, the organization is secular. It forms long-term partnerships with and works on behalf of, local ministries of health. PIH holds a 4 out of 4 stars rating from Charity Navigator, a nonprofit evaluator.
Chaim Ozer Grodzinski
Chaim Ozer Grodzinski (Hebrew: חיים עוזר גראדזענסקי; August 24, 1863 – August 9, 1940) was a Av beis din (rabbinical chief justice), posek (halakhic authority), and Talmudic scholar in Vilnius, Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for over 55 years. He played an instrumental role in preserving Lithuanian yeshivas during the Communist era, and Polish and Russian yeshivas of Poland and during the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, when he arranged for these yeshivas to relocate to Lithuanian cities.

Beth din
A beth din (Hebrew: בֵּית דִּין, romanized: Bēṯ Dīn, Beit Din, lit. 'house of judgment', [beːθ ˈdiːn], Ashkenazic: beis din, plural: batei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. A hearing held before a beth din is called a din Torah (Hebrew: דין תורה, romanized: din Torah, lit. 'Torah law', plural dinei Torah). A beth din can be found both in Israel and in many Jewish diaspora communities.

A ruling (Hebrew: פסק, romanized: psak) from a beth din is based upon Jewish law (Hebrew: הלכה, romanized: halakha), though other legal systems are occasionally incorporated. Because it is not part of secular legal systems, when a case overlaps with secular courts its judgment is not always recognized by such courts.
LunaJets
LunaJets is a private jet broker with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, where it has been based since it was founded in 2007 by former Ogilvy advertiser Eymeric Ségard. it has opened offices throughout the years in London, Paris, Monaco, Riga, and Dubai. It is privately owned by two of the founders.

As an online broker, the company does not own any aircraft, but rather matches operators and private jet owners with end-user private jet clients to provide on-demand shorter flights and empty leg flight services. Over the years, LunaJets has developed a global network of 350 operators and access to 4,800 aircraft. LunaJets, therefore, has access to all categories of aircraft, both turboprop and jet-powered, ranging in size from Very Light Jets, such as the Cessna Citation Mustang, to VIP Airliners, such as Boeing Business Jets (BBJs) and Airbus Corporate Jets (ACJs).

Airbus Corporate Jets
Airbus Corporate Jets (ACJ) is a business unit of Airbus which markets and completes business jet variants of the company’s airliners. Following the entry of the 737-based Boeing Business Jet into the market, Airbus introduced the A319-based Airbus Corporate Jet in 1997. Although the term Airbus Corporate Jet was initially used only for the A319CJ, it is now used for all models in a VIP configuration. As of June 2019, 213 corporate and private jets are operating; 222 aircraft have been ordered, including 128 A320-family jets.

The Airbus Corporate Jet Centre is based in Toulouse, France, and specialises in single-aisle aircraft.
William Still Littlejohn
William Still Littlejohn (19 September 1859 – 7 October 1933) was a Scottish-born schoolteacher who spent most of his working life in New Zealand and Australia. He was headmaster of Nelson College from 1899 to 1903, and of Scotch College, Melbourne from 1904 to 1933. As a cricketer, he played two-first class games for Nelson in 1886.

Nelson cricket team
Nelson cricket team is a cricket team representing the Nelson Region of New Zealand. It played first-class cricket from 1874 to 1891, and is now one of the 21 teams from around New Zealand that compete in the Hawke Cup.
Gal operon
The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon, which encodes enzymes necessary for galactose metabolism. Repression of gene expression for this operon works via binding of repressor molecules to two operators. These repressors dimerize, creating a loop in the DNA. The loop as well as hindrance from the external operator prevent RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, and thus prevent transcription. Additionally, since the metabolism of galactose in the cell is involved in both anabolic and catabolic pathways, a novel regulatory system using two promoters for differential repression has been identified and characterized within the context of the gal operon.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
Ekvílibríum
Ekvílibríum is an album by Valgeir Sigurðsson, released in 2007. Notable appearances on the album include Bonnie 'Prince' Billy and Dawn McCarthy, who contribute vocals, along with Nico Muhly, who appears in half of the tracks playing different keyboard instruments. Drummer Samuli Kosminen from fellow Icelandic band múm also makes a guest appearance.

Will Oldham
Joseph Will Oldham (born January 15, 1970) is an American singer-songwriter and actor. From 1993 to 1997, he performed and recorded in collaboration with dozens of other musicians under variations of Palace (Palace, Palace Brothers, Palace Songs, and Palace Music). After briefly publishing music under his own name, in 1998 he adopted Bonnie "Prince" Billy as the name for most of his work.