hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George M. Woodwell
George Masters Woodwell (October 23, 1928 – June 18, 2024) was an American ecologist. He founded several programs in ecology, first at Brookhaven National Laboratory then at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and then at the Woods Hole Research Center, now known as Woodwell Climate Research Center, which he founded in 1985.

Woodwell is best known for his work on the effects of ionizing radiation on forest ecosystems, his work to have the pesticide DDT banned from use in the United States, and his work to call attention to the threat of climate change as a result of combustion of fossil fuels. Woodwell was one of the first scientists to sound the alarm about climate change, testifying before Congress about climate change impacts in 1986.

Woodwell was a founding board member of the Environmental Defense Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Council.

Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Upton, New York, a hamlet of the Town of Brookhaven. It was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base on Long Island. Located approximately 60 miles east of New York City, it is managed by Stony Brook University and Battelle Memorial Institute.

Research at BNL includes nuclear and high energy physics, energy science and technology, environmental and bioscience, nanoscience, and national security. The 5,300-acre campus contains several large research facilities, including the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and National Synchrotron Light Source II. Seven Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work conducted at Brookhaven Lab.
Dickerson station
Dickerson is a passenger rail station on the MARC Brunswick Line, situated between Washington, D.C., and Martinsburg, WV (with an extension to Frederick, MD). The station was designed by E. Francis Baldwin and built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1891. It is the last station that Frederick-bound trains pass before branching onto the Frederick Branch. It is the least used station on the MARC Brunswick Line. The station sees 4 trains a day in and outbound, and 15 parking spaces available directly adjacent to the station.

Frederick station
Frederick is a passenger rail station and the northern terminus of the MARC Brunswick Line's Frederick branch, which heads south toward Washington, D.C. This is one of two stations on the Frederick branch. The station is also a major hub for buses of the TransIT Services of Frederick, Maryland.

Frederick Station is located at 100 South East Street, at the south end of the bridge over Carroll Creek in Frederick, Maryland. It was built on December 17, 2001, on the old Frederick Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and was designed to represent some of the original B&O depots of the 19th century. The station is ADA accessible due to a mini-high platform.
Ohio State Route 362
State Route 362 (SR 362) is a 4.56-mile (7.34 km) north–south state highway in the western part of the U.S. state of Ohio. It serves to connect Lake Loramie State Park with SR 66. Its southern terminus is in Fort Loramie at the intersection of North Main Street (SR 66) and Elm Street. near the northern edge of Fort Loramie. SR 362 then runs about 1.1 miles (1.8 km) east, then turns north at its intersection with Fort Loramie–Swanders Road (which continues east). SR 362 then runs northerly along the western edge of Lake Loramie and Lake Loramie State Park before turning northwesterly then westerly and enters Minster and reaches its northern terminus at the intersection of South Main Street (SR 66) and First Street.

Minster, Ohio
Minster is a village in Auglaize and Shelby counties, in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 3,046 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Wapakoneta, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the village of New Bremen to the north.

Minster is the home of one of the world's largest yogurt plants, operated by Dannon, which employs more than 400 people. The Minster Machine Company is also headquartered in Minster.
Marco Biagi (politician)
Marco Biagi (born 31 July 1982) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. He served as the Minister for Local Government and Community Empowerment from 2014 to 2016, and as  the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Edinburgh Central from 2011 to 2016.

Minister for Local Government Empowerment and Planning
The Minister for Local Government Empowerment and Planning was a junior ministerial post in the Scottish Government. As a result, the Minister did not attend the Scottish Cabinet. The minister supported the Cabinet Secretary for Finance, who has overall responsible for the portfolio.

The last Minister for Local Government Empowerment and Planning was Joe FitzPatrick MSP, who was appointed on 29 March 2023 and resigned on 8 May 2024 before the role was undertaken by the Public Finance Minister.
1991 Abby Hoffman Cup
The 1991 Abby Hoffman Cup was the 10th staging of Hockey Canada's Women's National Championships. The four-day competition was played in Verdun, Quebec. The North York Aeros won the Abby Hoffman Cup for the first time after a 1–0 shutout win over Sherbrooke Christin Autos, the three-time national champions from Québec.

In the final game, Angela James scored the only goal in the second period. Teammate Carrie-Lynn Perry was the first goalie to post a shutout in the final.

Toronto Aeros
The Toronto Aeros, often called Beatrice Aeros after their primary sponsor, the North York Aeros, and the Mississauga Aeros were a semi-professional women's ice hockey team that played in Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario. The team played its home games in Beatrice Ice Gardens in Toronto and Iceland Mississauga in Mississauga. In 2010, the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) placed an expansion team back in Toronto and was sometimes known as the Aeros among fans. In 2011, the CWHL team eventually took on the name of Toronto Furies.
Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare
Gerard FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare (1487 – 12 December 1534; Irish: Gearóid Óg Mac Gearailt, meaning "Young Gerald FitzGerald"), was a leading figure in 16th-century Irish history. In 1513 he inherited the title of Earl of Kildare and position of Lord Deputy of Ireland from his father.

Earl of Desmond
Earl of Desmond (Irish: Iarla Dheasumhan meaning Earl of South Munster) is a title of nobility created by the English monarch in the peerage of Ireland. The title has been created four times. It was first awarded in 1329 to Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Baron Desmond, a Hiberno-Norman lord in Southwest Ireland, and it was held by his descendants until 1583 when they rose against the English crown in the Desmond Rebellions. Following two short-lived recreations of the title in the early 1600s, the title has been held since 1628 by the Feilding family of Warwickshire, England. The current holder is Alexander Feilding, 12th Earl of Denbigh and 11th Earl of Desmond (4th creation). The earldom held by the Fitzgerald family historically comprised what is now  the entirety of County Limerick with large swathes of County Cork, County Kerry and County Waterford also being included. It bordered the Kingdom of Desmond, Kingdom of Thomond and the Earldom of Ormond
SS Amasa Stone
45°19′05″N 85°17′32″W﻿ / ﻿45.318140°N 85.292155°W﻿ / 45.318140; -85.292155

SS Amasa Stone was a 545-foot (166 m) Great Lakes freighter that was sunk as a breakwater in 1965, Charlevoix, Michigan. She was built for the Mesaba Steamship Company by the Detroit Shipbuilding Company of Wyandotte, Michigan. She was launched on March 25, 1905, as hull #158. She was powered by an 1,800-horsepower (1,300 kW) triple expansion steam engine and two scotch marine boilers.

Charlevoix, Michigan
Charlevoix (/ˈʃɑːrləvɔɪ/ SHAR-lə-voy) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Charlevoix County. Part of Northern Michigan, Charlevoix is located on an isthmus between Lake Michigan and Lake Charlevoix, bisected by the short Pine River. Charlevoix serves as the main access point for Beaver Island, the largest island in Lake Michigan, which can be accessed by Island Airways or carferry. The population of Charlevoix was 2,348 at the 2020 census. Charlevoix is mostly surrounded by Charlevoix Township, but the two are administered autonomously.
Inglorious
Inglorious are an England-based hard rock band formed in February 2014 in London by Nathan James. Their success has been particularly assisted by UK digital radio station Planet Rock and UK grassroots movement NWOCR. They released the album II on 12 May 2017, and in 2018 Inglorious released album 3 called Ride to Nowhere.

Planet Rock (radio station)
Planet Rock is a British digital radio station and network owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK. The station broadcasts classic rock music.

As of December 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 956,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Lisebergshallen
Lisebergshallen was a multi-purpose venue in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was located at the entrance of the amusement park Liseberg. It was built in 1980 and was used as entertainment centre for sports competitions, charity events and concerts. In 2019, it was demolished. Samskolan uses the venue regularly every year at Christmas for their annual "Folkdans".

Handball team Redbergslids IK used Lisebergshallen as home arena.

The venue has hosted concerts for rock bands like Slayer, Alice Cooper, Europe, Joe Bonamassa, Manowar, Jethro Tull, In Flames, HammerFall, Kent, Motörhead, Nightwish, Helloween, Hardcore Superstar and Bullet for My Valentine. Melodifestivalen 1982, 1984 and 1987 was also held there.

Swedish heavy metal band HammerFall have performed at the venue many times and recorded their live album One Crimson Night at the venue on February 20, 2003.

HammerFall
HammerFall is a Swedish power metal band from Gothenburg. It was formed in 1993 by ex-Ceremonial Oath guitarist Oscar Dronjak. They have released thirteen studio albums.

The band has largely stayed consistent with their original sound throughout its career. The group's mascot "Hector" – a role-playing game character belonging to the paladin class – has appeared on most of their album covers.
2022 Cork Senior A Hurling Championship
The 2022 Cork Senior A Hurling Championship was the third staging of the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2020. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 8 February 2022. The championship ran from 30 July to 9 October 2022.

The final was played on 9 October 2022 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Courcey Rovers and Fr. O'Neill's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Fr. O'Neill's won the match by 0–20 to 2–12 to claim their first ever championship title in the grade.

Declan Dalton was the championship's top scorer with 1-50.

Courcey Rovers GAA
Courcey Rovers GAA Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the barony of Courceys, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated to the Carrigdhoun Board and fields teams in hurling, Gaelic football and camogie.
Kapfenberg
Kapfenberg ([ˈkapfənbɛʁk]) is a city in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag district of the Austrian state of Styria. It lies in the valley of the Mürz river in central Austria. With an estimated population of 22,080 individuals in 2024, it is the third largest city in Styria. The 13th century Oberkapfenberg castle hosts the annual Ritterfest ("knights festival").

Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
Bruck-Mürzzuschlag (German: [bʁʊk myɐ̯t͡sˈt͡suːʃlak]) is a district in Styria, Austria. It came into effect on January 1, 2013, when the merging of the districts Bruck an der Mur and Mürzzuschlag occurred. Just 2 years later, on 1 January 2015, the district was restructured in the Styria municipal structural reform and reduced from 37 to 19 towns. It consists of the following 19 municipalities:
Vics Peak Fire
Vics Peak Fire was wildfire that burned in the Apache Kid Wilderness in the Cibola National Forest in New Mexico, United States. First reported on June 15, 2020, the fire was started by a lightning strike. The fire burned 14,624 acres (5,918 ha). It was contained on August 4, 2020. The fire threatened private property, utilities infrastructure, and natural resources in the area, including the habitat of the Mexican spotted owl. It also impacted recreational activities in the area due to trail and campground closures.

Spotted owl
The spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) is a species of true owl. It is a resident species of old-growth forests in western North America, where it nests in tree hollows, old bird of prey nests, or rock crevices. Nests can be between 12 and 60 metres (39 and 197 ft) high and usually contain two eggs (though some contain as many as four). It is a nocturnal owl which feeds on small mammals and birds. Three subspecies are recognized, ranging in distribution from British Columbia to Mexico. The spotted owl is under pressure from habitat destruction throughout its range, and is currently classified as a near-threatened species.
Mir Janullah Shah
Mir Jan Muhammad Rizwi of Rohri, Sindh famous under his nom-de-plume Mir or Mir Janullah (died 1754) was chief Khalifa of Sufi Shah Inayat Shaheed who is related to have told people: "Who ever sees Janullah, sees me" for Janullah had reached the complete Fana fil Shaykh, the identification with his mystical leader.

He witnessed the siege of Jhok and returned to Rohri after Shah Inayat's execution.

Rohri
Rohri  (Sindhi: روهڙي; Urdu: روہڑی) is a city of Sukkur District, Sindh province, Pakistan. It is located on the east bank of the Indus River, located directly across from Sukkur, the third largest city in Sindh. Rohri town is the administrative headquarters of Rohri Taluka, and tehsil of Sukkur District with which it forms a metropolitan area. Its capture marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India under Muhammad ibn al-Qasim in 711 CE, when it was named Aror.
Annapolis (horse)
Annapolis (foaled April 1, 2019) is a multiple Graded stakes turf winning Thoroughbred racehorse. His Grade I wins in 2022 include the Coolmore Turf Mile Stakes at Keeneland and the Grade II Pilgrim Stakes as a two-year-old in 2021.

Keeneland
Keeneland Association, Inc. is an equine business based in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It includes two distinct divisions: the Keeneland Race Course, a Thoroughbred racing facility, and Keeneland Sales, a horse auction complex. It is also known for its reference library.

In 2009, the Horseplayers Association of North America introduced a rating system for 65 Thoroughbred racetracks in North America.  Keeneland was ranked #1 of the top ten tracks. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Murdaugh: Death in the Family
Murdaugh: Death in the Family is a true crime drama television miniseries created by Michael D. Fuller and Erin Lee Carr for Hulu. It stars Jason Clarke, Patricia Arquette, J. Smith-Cameron, Johnny Berchtold, and Brittany Snow. The series is based on the Murdaugh Murders Podcast by Mandy Matney, who investigated and blogged about the unfolding case of Alex Murdaugh, who was accused of the murders of his wife, Maggie, and their son, Paul, on June 7, 2021; she is played by Brittany Snow in the series. The series depicts the events leading up to the double murder.

Murdaugh: Death in the Family premiered on Hulu on October 15, 2025. The series received generally positive reviews from critics. While critics praised the performances, some were divided on its storytelling and tone.

Johnny Berchtold
Johnny Berchtold (born July 7, 1994) is an American actor. He played one of the lead roles in the MGM+ film The Passenger (2023).

Raised in the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey, Berchtold graduated from Oakcrest High School and attended the University of the Arts.
George Carmichael
George Carmichael [George de Carmichel] was a 15th-century bishop-elect of Glasgow. He was elected to the bishopric in early 1483 soon after the death of his predecessor John Laing. He was never consecrated. The Pope, Pope Sixtus IV, rejected his election because he had previously reserved the see for himself. Sixtus provided instead Robert Blackadder to the bishopric. He may have died in 1484 on the way to the Holy See to appeal the pope's decision.

John Laing (bishop)
John Laing was a 15th-century bishop of Glasgow, Scotland. He was from the family of "Redhouse" in the shire of Edinburgh. Before becoming bishop he was rector of Tannadice in Angus, vicar of Linlithgow, and was rector of Newlands in the diocese of Glasgow when he was appointed to the see in 1474. In 1476 he founded the Franciscan Monastery or 'Greyfriars' of Glasgow in conjunction with Thomas Forsyth, Rector of Glasgow. He was appointed Chancellor of Scotland in 1482. He died on 11 January 1483.
Saint Isabelle of France
Isabelle of France (March 1225 – 23 February 1270) was a French princess and daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile. She was a younger sister of King Louis IX of France (Saint Louis) and of Alfonso, Count of Poitiers, and an older sister of King Charles I of Sicily. In 1256, she founded the nunnery of Longchamp in part of the Forest of Rouvray (now called the Bois de Boulogne), west of Paris. Isabelle consecrated her virginity and her entire life to God alone. She is honored as a saint by the Franciscan Order. Her feast day is 26 February.

Forêt de Rouvray
The once vast Forêt de Rouvray (French pronunciation: [fɔʁɛ də ʁuvʁɛ], "Forest of Rouvray", from Gallo-Romance ROBORETU “oak wood″ or more probably French rouvre “sessile oak” and old suffix -ey (ill spelled as -ay, modern -aie), meaning a “collection of the same trees”) was a forest that extended from west of Paris in the Île-de-France region westwards into Normandy, virtually unbroken, threaded by the winding loops of the River Seine, traversed by forest traces and dotted with isolated woodland hamlets, as far as Rouen. A rural relict is the 5 100 ha of the protected Forêt Domaniale de la Londe-Rouvray, at Les Essarts, Normandy, near Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, south of Rouen, on an upland massif above the left bank of the Seine, which makes a wide arc enclosing it. On the right bank, to the west, is what is left of the Forêt de Roumare (the Rouennais), another former royal forest.
Whiley (programming language)
Whiley is an experimental programming language that combines features from the functional and imperative programming paradigms, and supports formal specification through function preconditions, postconditions and loop invariants. The language uses flow-sensitive typing also termed flow typing.

The Whiley project began in 2009 in response to the "Verifying Compiler Grand Challenge" put forward by Tony Hoare in 2003. The first public release of Whiley was in June, 2010.

Developed by David Pearce mainly, Whiley is an open source project with contributions from a small community. The system has been used for student research projects and in teaching undergraduate classes. It was supported from 2012–2014 by the Royal Society of New Zealand's Marsden Fund.

The Whiley compiler generates code for the Java virtual machine (JVM) and can interoperate with Java and other JVM-based languages.

Formal specification
In computer science, formal specifications are mathematically based techniques whose purpose is to help with the implementation of systems and software. They are used to describe a system, to analyze its behavior, and to aid in its design by verifying key properties of interest through rigorous and effective reasoning tools. These specifications are formal in the sense that they have a syntax, their semantics fall within one domain, and they are able to be used to infer useful information.
Pellenes modicus
Pellenes modicus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Pellenes that lives in grassland and woodland dominated by species like Searsia lancea and Senegalia senegal. First identified in the Mkomazi National Park in Tanzania, the spider has also been found living in Free State, South Africa and in Uganda. It is a hairy medium-sized spider with a carapace that is  between 2.6 and 3.1 mm (0.10 and 0.12 in) long and an abdomen between 2.4 and 3.4 mm (0.09 and 0.13 in) long. There is a marking of chevrons on its abdomen and the front legs of the male are longer and thicker than the rest. Externally, the  copulatory organs are typical for the genus, particularly the female's, but internally they have a distinctive design, including gonopores that lie in fissures and three-chambered spermathecae. The male was first described in 2000 and the female in 2011.

Searsia lancea
Searsia lancea commonly known as karee (archaically karree), is an evergreen, frost hardy, drought resistant tree, which can reach up to 8 metres (26 ft) in height with a 5-metre (16 ft) spread. It is one of the most common trees on the Highveld and in the Bushveld in South Africa, but not found in the Lowveld. In North America, where it is naturalised, it is known as African sumac and willow rhus.
Siege of Adrianople (378)
The siege of Adrianople took place in 378 following the Gothic victory at the Battle of Adrianople. Gothic forces were unable to breach the city walls and retreated. It was followed by an unsuccessful Gothic attempt to breach the walls of Constantinople.

Battle of Constantinople (378)
The Battle of Constantinople was a Gothic attack on Constantinople in 378 following the Gothic victory at the Battle of Adrianople. The emperor Valens's widow Domnica prepared the defence, and also reinforced the city with Arab warriors, who performed excellently in combat. It is said that the Goths were impressed when one of the Arab warriors stormed out of the city naked, slaughtered enemies, and drank blood from the neck of a decapitated Goth. Other sources maintain that the Goths actually abandoned the attack because they were greatly outnumbered.

In the end, Goths did not enter the city and retreated to Thrace and Moesia.
Nilawan Pintong
Khun Nilawan Pintong (Thai: นิลวรรณ ปิ่นทอง; 6 December 1915 – 7 February 2017) was a Thai feminist whose efforts toward the development of women's rights in Thailand earned her the title Steel Lotus Blossom. She is best known as the founder of the Ounakorn Center and Satree Sarn Magazine, Thailand's first women's magazine which aimed to inspire women to have active participation in community affairs. In 1961, she is also the first Thai recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service. The award was given for her role in giving "Thai women a new and creative role in nation-building." The award included $10,000, a gold medal and a certificate given to her and the other recipients.

Ramon Magsaysay Award
The Ramon Magsaysay Award (Filipino: Gawad Ramon Magsaysay) is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It is often called the "Nobel Prize of Asia".
Stargate SG-1 season 7
The seventh season of Stargate SG-1, an American-Canadian television series, began airing on June 13, 2003 on Sci Fi. The seventh season concluded after 22 episodes on  March 9, 2004 on British Sky One, which overtook the Sci-Fi Channel in mid-season. The series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner. Season seven regular cast members include Richard Dean Anderson, Amanda Tapping, Christopher Judge, Don S. Davis, and Michael Shanks.

Stargate SG-1 season 2
The second season of Stargate SG-1, an American-Canadian television series, began airing on June 26, 1998, on Showtime. The second season concluded after 22 episodes on February 10, 1999, on British Sky One, which overtook Showtime in mid-season. The series was developed by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, who also served as executive producers. Season two regular cast members include Richard Dean Anderson, Michael Shanks, Amanda Tapping, with Christopher Judge, and Don S. Davis.