hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Woody Crumbo
Woodrow Wilson Crumbo (1912—1989) was a Native American artist and educator from Oklahoma. He was a citizen of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. Traveling and performing extensively, he danced and played Native American flute.

Crumbo was also an independent prospector in New Mexico in the late 1950s, who found one of the largest beryllium veins in the nation, valued at millions of dollars.

His paintings are held by several major museums, including the Smithsonian Institution and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with a large collection at the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Oklahoma and a small collection at the Montana museum of art and culture .

Gilcrease Museum
Gilcrease Museum, also known as the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, is a museum northwest of downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma housing the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art of the American West, as well as a growing collection of art and artifacts from Central and South America.  The museum is named for Thomas Gilcrease, an oil man and avid art collector, who began the collection. He deeded the collection, as well as the building and property, to the City of Tulsa in 1958. Since July 1, 2008, Gilcrease Museum  has been managed by a public-private partnership of the City of Tulsa and the University of Tulsa. The Helmerich  Center for American Research at Gilcrease Museum was added in 2014 at a cost of $14 million to provide a secure archival area where researchers can access any of the more than 100,000 books, documents, maps and unpublished materials that have been acquired by the museum.
Iran and the Islamic State
Iran is an opponent of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS, Arabic: داعش, romanized: Daesh), having fought the group in Syria, Iraq, Yemen as well as directly in Iran. Proxy conflicts have also occurred in other regions such as spillover from Egypt (Islamic State – Sinai Province) into Gaza (Salafi jihadist insurgency in the Gaza Strip), Syria (Islamic State – Lebanon Province) into Lebanon, and Pakistan (Islamic State – Khorasan Province and Islamic State – Pakistan Province) into Iran (Insurgency in Sistan and Balochistan).

Islamic State – Sinai Province
The Islamic State – Sinai Province (IS-SP; Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية سيناء, al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah – Wilayah Sīnāʼ) was one of the Islamic State branchs that was active in Egypt, along with the Islamic State – Egypt Province. It was active mainly the Sinai Peninsula.
Dinh Huong Phu Nhuan
Định Hướng Phú Nhuận Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Định Hướng Phú Nhuận), was a Vietnamese football club based in Hồ Chí Minh City. The club played its home matches at the 15,000-capacity Thống Nhất Stadium. They last played in the V.League 2, after winning the promotion play-off game in the 2024 Vietnamese Second Division.

Vietnamese Football League Second Division
The Vietnamese Football League Second Division (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá hạng Nhì quốc gia, lit. 'National Second Division Football League'), also known as Vietnamese Second Divistion (Vietnamese: Giải hạng Nhì quốc gia, lit. 'National Second Division') is the third tier professional association football league in Vietnam, controlled by the Vietnam Football Federation.
9.3×64mm Brenneke
The 9.3×64mm Brenneke (designated as the 9,3 x 64 Brenneke by the C.I.P.) is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire rifle cartridge designed in 1927 by German gunmaker Wilhelm Brenneke. It is suitable for hunting medium to large game animals in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

The 9.3×64mm Brenneke was designed as a medium bore big-game cartridge for standard-sized Mauser 98 bolt-action rifles.

Gewehr 98
The Gewehr 98 (abbreviated G98, Gew 98, or M98) is a bolt-action rifle made by Mauser for the German Empire as its service rifle from 1898 to 1935.

The Gewehr 98 action, using a 5-round stripper clip loaded with the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge, successfully combined and improved several bolt-action engineering concepts which were soon adopted by many other countries, including the United Kingdom, United States, and Japan. The Gewehr 98 replaced the earlier Gewehr 1888 as the main German service rifle. It first saw combat in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion and was the main German infantry service rifle of World War I. The Gewehr 98 saw further military use by the Ottoman Empire and Nationalist Spain.

It was eventually replaced by the Karabiner 98k, a carbine version using the same design, for the Wehrmacht under Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.
Black Bear (chief)
Black Bear (died April 8, 1870) was an Arapaho leader into the 1860s when the Northern Arapaho, like other Native American tribes, were prevented from ranging through their traditional hunting grounds due to settlement by European-Americans who came west during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Conflicts erupted over land and trails used by settlers and miners. A watershed event was the Sand Creek massacre of 1864. This led to the Northern Arapaho joining with other tribes to prevent settlement in their traditional lands. In 1865, Black Bear's village was attacked during the Battle of the Tongue River. People died, lodges were set on fire, and food was ruined, all of which made it difficult for them to survive as a unit. He died during an ambush by white settlers on April 8, 1870, in the Wild Wind Valley of present-day Wyoming.

Pike's Peak gold rush
The Pike's Peak gold rush (later known as the Colorado gold rush) was the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States that began in July 1858 and lasted until roughly the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861. An estimated 100,000 gold seekers took part. The dramatic but temporary influx of migrants and immigrants came to the Southern Rocky Mountains. The prospectors provided the first major White American population in the region.

The rush, centered 85 miles (137 km) north of Pikes Peak, created a few towns such as Denver City and Boulder City that later developed into cities. Scores of other mining camps have faded into ghost towns, but Central City, Black Hawk, Georgetown, and Idaho Springs remained.
Bright (film)
Bright is a 2017 American urban fantasy action film produced and directed by David Ayer, and written by Max Landis. The film is set in an alternate present in which humans and mythical creatures co-exist and details an LAPD police officer (portrayed by Will Smith) and his orc partner (Joel Edgerton) confronting racism and police corruption while protecting a magic wand and the elf girl (Lucy Fry) who wields it. Noomi Rapace, Édgar Ramírez, and Ike Barinholtz also star.

Principal photography began in November 2016 in Los Angeles. The film was released worldwide on Netflix on December 22, 2017. While it has received generally negative reviews from critics, it was exceptionally popular with viewers. Netflix called it one of the company's most successful original programs as of January 2018. It spawned an anime spin-off film, Bright: Samurai Soul, in 2021.

Wand
A wand is a thin, light-weight rod that is held with one hand, and is traditionally made of wood, but may also be made of other materials, such as metal, bone or stone. Long versions of wands are often styled in forms of staves or sceptres, which could have large ornamentation on the top.

In modern times, wands are usually associated with stage magic or supernatural magic, but there have been other uses, all stemming from the original meaning as a synonym of rod and virge. A stick that is used for reaching, pointing, drawing in the dirt, and directing other people, is one of the earliest and simplest of tools.
Business mathematics
Business mathematics are mathematics used by commercial enterprises to record and manage business operations. Commercial organizations use mathematics in accounting, inventory management, marketing, sales forecasting, and financial analysis.

Mathematics typically used in commerce includes elementary arithmetic, elementary algebra, statistics and probability. For some management problems, more advanced mathematics -  calculus, matrix algebra, and linear programming - may be applied.

Elementary arithmetic
Elementary arithmetic is a branch of mathematics involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Due to its low level of abstraction, broad range of application, and position as the foundation of all mathematics, elementary arithmetic is generally the first branch of mathematics taught in schools.
Abdul Nazir Sab State Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj
The Abdul Nazir Sab State Institute of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj is a government institution located in Mysore, Karnataka. It was named after Abdul Nazir Sab, a former Karnataka Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj, who was a strong advocate for the Panchayati Raj system and the decentralization of political power. The institute operates under the Department of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj (Karnataka) and provides training and capacity-building programs for elected representatives of Panchayat Raj institutions and officials from various development departments.

Ministry of Rural Development (India)
The Ministry of Rural Development, a branch of the Government of India, is entrusted with the task of accelerating the socio-economic development of rural India.  Its focus is on special rural grants for health and education, piped filtered drinking water programs, public and affordable housing programs, public work programs and grants for rural roads and infrastructure. It also provides special grants to rural local bodies.

The current minister is Shivraj Singh Chouhan who has been in office since 10 June 2024, while the ministers of state are Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani and Kamlesh Paswan.
Bree Chester
Bree Chester (born 28 June 2002) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who currently plays as a second-row and lock forward for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL Women's Premiership. She is an Indigenous All Stars representative.

NRL Women's Premiership
The NRL Women's Premiership (NRLW) also known as the Telstra NRL Women's Premiership due to sponsorship is a rugby league competition in Australasia for female players. The league is run by the National Rugby League (NRL) and is contested by a subset of clubs from that competition. Currently, the league contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.

The current Premiers are the Brisbane Broncos.
Ron Zwerver
Ronald ("Ron") Ferdinand Zwerver (born 6 June 1967) is a volleyball coach and former volleyball player from the Netherlands who represented his native country in three consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1988 in Seoul. Zwerver was one of the dominant forces in Dutch volleyball in the 1990s. He was selected as the "best attacker" at both the 1990 and 1994 FIVB World Championships.

Zwerver was a member of the Dutch team that won the silver medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, where he was selected as the "best server", and the gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

In 2017, Zwerver was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

1994 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 1994 FIVB Men's World Championship was the thirteenth edition of the tournament, organized by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 29 September to 8 October 1994 in Piraeus (Peace and Friendship Stadium) and Thessaloniki (Alexandreio Melathron Nick Galis Hall), Greece.
Hyperekplexia
Hyperekplexia (/ˌhaɪ.pər.ɛkˈplɛk.si.ə/; "exaggerated surprise") is a neurological disorder characterized by a pronounced startle response to tactile or acoustic stimuli and an ensuing period of hypertonia. The hypertonia may be predominantly truncal, attenuated during sleep, or less prominent after one year of age.

Classic hyperekplexia is caused by genetic mutations in a number of different genes, all of which play an important role in glycine neurotransmission. Glycine is used by the central nervous system as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Hyperekplexia is generally classified as a genetic disease; some disorders can mimic the exaggerated startle of hyperekplexia.

Startle response
In animals, including humans, the startle response is a largely unconscious defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as sudden noise or sharp movement, and is associated with negative affect. Usually the onset of the startle response is a startle reflex reaction. The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex) that serves to protect vulnerable parts, such as the back of the neck (whole-body startle) and the eyes (eyeblink) and facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across many different species, throughout all stages of life. A variety of responses may occur depending on the affected individual's emotional state, body posture, preparation for execution of a motor task, or other activities. The startle response is implicated in the formation of specific phobias.
Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate
Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate is a coordination complex with the formula Ru(O2C5H7)3. O2C5H7− is the ligand called acetylacetonate. This compound exists as a dark red solid that is soluble in most organic solvents. It is used as a precursor to other compounds of ruthenium.

Acetylacetone
Acetylacetone is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3−C(=O)−CH2−C(=O)−CH3. It is classified as a 1,3-diketone. It exists in equilibrium with a tautomer CH3−C(=O)−CH=C(−OH)−CH3. The mixture is a colorless liquid. These tautomers interconvert so rapidly under most conditions that they are treated as a single compound in most applications. Acetylacetone is a building block for the synthesis of many coordination complexes as well as heterocyclic compounds.
Isaac Tshibangu
Isaac Tshibangu Tshikuna (born 17 May 2003) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a winger for UAE First Division League club Emirates and the DR Congo national team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2020".

DR Congo national football team
The DR Congo national football team (French: Équipe nationale de football de la République démocratique du Congo), recognised by FIFA as Congo DR and by CAF as DR Congo, represents the Democratic Republic of the Congo in men's international football and it is controlled by the Congolese Association Football Federation. They are nicknamed Les Léopards, meaning The Leopards. The team is a member of FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

DR Congo have been ranked as high as 28th in the FIFA Rankings; as Zaire, they were the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup, and twice won the Africa Cup of Nations. They are also one of the most successful teams in the African Nations Championship with two titles, second only to Morocco with three. They are currently ranked 56th in the FIFA Rankings.

DR Congo have previously competed variously as Belgian Congo, Congo-Kinshasa and Zaïre.  Their appearance at the 1974 FIFA World Cup was as Zaïre.
Omni Air International
Omni Air International, LLC is a United States charter airline headquartered in Hangar 19 on the grounds of Tulsa International Airport in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. It specializes in passenger charter flights and Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance (ACMI) wet leasing. Omni Air International is a member of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet as a long-range international carrier. The airline is certified under FAA Part 121 and holds IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) registration.

Omni Air International cooperates with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in controversial (sometimes termed "high-risk") deportations under the first and second Donald Trump administrations. Omni Air International has been characterized as engaging in price gouging over its role in deportation flights, and has been accused by critics of facilitating human rights violations by the Trump administration.

Omni Air was purchased by the private equity firm Stonepeak in April 2025.

IATA Operational Safety Audit
The IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA) programme is an internationally recognised and accepted evaluation system designed to assess the operational management and control systems of an airline. IOSA uses internationally recognised quality audit principles and is designed to conduct audits in a standardised and consistent manner. It was created in 2003 by IATA. The companies are included in the IOSA registry for a period of 2 years following an audit carried out by an organization accredited by IATA. The auditing standards have been developed in collaboration with various regulatory authorities, such as the Federal Aviation Administration, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Transport Canada and the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA). IATA oversees the accreditation of audit organisations, ensure the continuous development of IOSA standards and practices and manages the IOSA registry. The total IOSA registered airlines is 413 Airlines.
Tallinn European School
Tallinn European School (Estonian: Tallinna Euroopa Kool), or TES, is a private, Accredited European School in Tallinn, Estonia. Founded in 2013, it is an all-through school which offers a multicultural and multilingual education leading to the European Baccalaureate as its secondary leaving qualification. TES is Estonia's largest international school, and the first of the Accredited European Schools, found across the European Union, to be established in the Baltic states.

Accredited European School
An Accredited European School is a type of international school under national jurisdiction and financing, within the member states of the European Union, which have been approved, by the Board of Governors of the international organisation "The European Schools", to offer its multilingual and multicultural curriculum and the European Baccalaureate. An Accredited European School differs from a European School, in that the latter is set up, administered and financed directly by the Board of Governors of the European Schools.

The establishments originated following a 2005 report by the European Parliament, investigating the future of the European School system, particularly in how to "open up" the formerly exclusive establishments to a wider audience.

As of September 2021, there are twenty Accredited European Schools located in thirteen EU countries, with a further five schools engaged in the accreditation process.
Carmi G. Raymundo
Carmi G. Raymundo is a Filipino screenwriter, film producer and creative head of ABS-CBN Film Productions. She has co-written and co-produced several blockbuster Filipino movies including One More Chance , Bride for Rent, , Just the Way You Are, Starting Over Again, A Second Chance, The Hows of Us, Rewind, Hello, Love, Goodbye and Hello, Love, Again in which the latter six movies were among the highest grossing Filipino movies of all time.

Star Cinema
ABS-CBN Film Productions, Inc., doing business as Star Cinema, is a Filipino film studio based in Quezon City. Star Cinema is owned by the Filipino media and entertainment conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation and was incorporated on May 8, 1993, as Star Cinema Productions, Inc. with the help of Lily Monteverde and Regal Films. Since its inception, Star Cinema has produced some of the highest-grossing Filipino films of all time. Star Cinema has also been involved in the production of some TV series shown on ABS-CBN television network with Pangako Sa 'Yo in 2000 as its initial production.
Run-on
In hydrology, run-on refers to surface runoff from an external area that flows on to an area of interest.  A  portion of run-on can infiltrate once it reaches the area of interest. Run-on is common in arid and semi-arid areas with patchy vegetation cover and short but intense thunderstorms. In these environments, surface runoff is usually generated by a failure of rainfall to infiltrate into the ground quickly enough (this runoff is termed infiltration excess overland flow). This is more likely to occur on bare soil, with low infiltration capacity. As runoff flows downslope, it may run-on to ground with higher infiltration capacity (such as beneath vegetation) and then infiltrate.

Run-on is an important process in the hydrological and ecohydrological behaviour of semi-arid ecosystems. Tiger bush is an example of a vegetation community that develops a patterned structure in response to, in part, the generation of runoff and run-on.

Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences. The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration. It is most often measured in meters per day but can also be measured in other units of distance over time if necessary.  The infiltration capacity decreases as the soil moisture content of soils surface layers increases. If the precipitation rate exceeds the infiltration rate, runoff will usually occur unless there is some physical barrier.

Infiltrometers, parameters and rainfall simulators are all devices that can be used to measure infiltration rates.

Infiltration is caused by multiple factors including; gravity, capillary forces, absorption, and osmosis. Many soil characteristics can also play a role in determining the rate at which infiltration occurs. When it rains, excess water can drain through the soil at macropores.
Northern Command (India)
The Northern Command is a Command of the Indian Army. It was originally formed as the Northern Army of the British Indian Army in 1908. It was scrapped upon India's independence in 1947 and later re-raised in 1972. Currently, the XIV Corps (Leh), XV Corps (Srinagar), I Corps (Mathura) and XVI Corps (Nagrota) are under its control. Its present commander is Lieutenant General Pratik Sharma.

XVI Corps (India)
The XVI Corps, or the White Knight Corps, is an army corps of the Indian Army raised on 1 June 1972 with Lieutenant General J F R Jacob as its first General Officer Commanding (GOC). It has its headquarters at Nagrota Cantonment, (Jammu district), Jammu and Kashmir. In 2005, IX Corps was raised in southern part of the XVI Corps' area, taking over two of its divisions.
Bent Faurschou Hviid
Bent Faurschou Hviid (7 January 1921 – 18 October 1944) was a member of the Danish resistance group Holger Danske during World War II. He was quickly named "Flammen" (meaning "The Flame"), for his red hair. In 1951, he and his Resistance partner Jørgen Haagen Schmith ("The Lemon", or Citronen in Danish), were posthumously awarded the United States Medal of Freedom by President Harry Truman.

According to several colleagues from the Holger Danske, no other resistance member was as hated or sought by the Germans as was Faurschou Hviid. Gunnar Dyrberg, leader of the Holger Danske from 1943 through 1945, said in the 2003 Danish documentary film, With a Right to Kill (Med ret til at dræbe), that no one knows exactly how many executions The Flame performed, but he was rumoured to have killed 22 persons. The film explored the issues of the estimated 400 executions performed by the Resistance agents.

Medal of Freedom (1945)
The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honor civilians whose actions aided in the war efforts of the United States and its allies during and beyond World War II. It was intended to be awarded by the secretary of state, the secretary of war, or the secretary of the Navy, but presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy also authorized awards. The first woman and American citizen to receive it was Anna M. Rosenberg by Robert P. Patterson on the recommendation of Eisenhower.