hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Pierre Chouteau
Jean-Pierre Chouteau (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ ʃuto]; 10 October 1758 – 10 July 1849) was a French Creole fur trader, merchant, politician, and slaveholder.  An early settler of St. Louis from New Orleans, he became one of its most prominent citizens. He and his family were prominent in establishing the fur trade in the city, which became the early source of its wealth.

In 1975, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Shoshichi Kobayashi
Shoshichi Kobayashi (小林 昭七, Kobayashi Shōshichi, 4 January 1932 – 29 August 2012) was a Japanese mathematician. He was the eldest brother of electrical engineer and computer scientist Hisashi Kobayashi. His research interests were in Riemannian and complex manifolds, transformation groups of geometric structures, and Lie algebras.

Complex manifold
In differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex manifold or a complex analytic manifold is a manifold with a complex structure, that is an atlas of charts to the open unit disc in the complex coordinate space , such that the transition maps are holomorphic.

The term "complex manifold" is variously used to mean a complex manifold in the sense above (which can be specified as an integrable complex manifold) or an almost complex manifold.
New Fortress
The New Fortress of Corfu (Greek: Νέο Φρούριο; Venetian: Fortezza Nuova) is a Venetian fortress built on the hill of St. Mark in Corfu in stages. The original architect of the fort was the military engineer Ferrante Vitelli. The current buildings which exist within the fortress were built by the British during their rule of the island (1815–63).

At the top of the castle there is a stone building which was used for defence and a brick building which in modern times functions as the headquarters of the Naval Station of Corfu. The Venetian fortifications were later expanded by the British and the French to help defend against a possible Turkish attack. Its fortifications included 700 pieces of artillery with range estimated as far as the Albanian coast.

United States of the Ionian Islands
The United States of the Ionian Islands was a Greek state and amical protectorate of the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1864. The successor state of the Septinsular Republic, it covered the territory of the Ionian Islands, as well as the port of Parga on the Greek mainland. It was ceded by the British to Greece as a gift to the newly enthroned King George I, apart from Parga, which had been sold to Ali Pasha of Ioannina in 1819.
1st Massachusetts Battery
The 1st Massachusetts Battery (or 1st Battery, Massachusetts Light Artillery) was a peacetime militia artillery battery that was activated for federal service in the Union army for two separate tours during the American Civil War. Prior to the war and during its first term of service, the unit was sometimes known as "Cook's Battery" after its commanding officer, Capt. Asa M. Cook. During its first term, the battery primarily served garrison duty in Baltimore, Maryland. Almost immediately after mustering out, the unit began preparing for a second term, this time volunteering to serve for three years. The battery was attached to the VI Corps of the Army of the Potomac during its second term and took part in some of the largest battles of the war including the Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign in the spring of 1864.

Army of the Potomac
The Army of the Potomac was the primary field army of the Union army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in April.
Nina Shtanski
Nina Viktorovna Shtanski (Romanian: Nina Ștanski; Russian: Нина Викторовна Штански; born 10 April 1977) is a Transnistrian former state politician and public figure. She has been the Deputy Prime Minister for the International Cooperation of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic from 24 January 2012 to 2 September 2015, before leaving her position to marry Yevgeny Shevchuk. She became an honoured foreign service officer of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic in 2012. She held the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

Yevgeny Shevchuk
Yevgeny Vasilyevich Shevchuk (born 19 June 1968) is a Transnistrian former politician who served as the second President of Transnistria, from 2011 to 2016.

He was a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of Transnistria from 2000 until his election as president in 2011. Furthermore, he was speaker of Pridnestrovian Supreme Soviet from 2005 to 2009 and the leader of the political party Obnovlenie until 2010. Shevchuk is an ethnic Ukrainian and a citizen of both Transnistria and Russia.

In 2017, Shevchuk fled to Moldova while being pursued on criminal charges. In December 2018, he was sentenced in absentia to 16 years in prison and a fine of about 36 million US dollars.
Time in Namibia
Namibia since September 2017 is in the Central Africa Time zone at UTC+02:00, congruous with South African Standard Time.

The country kept the time regulations of South Africa when it gained independence in 1990. Triggered by fears for children walking to school before sunrise, in 1993 the Namibian Time Bill was passed, stipulating the switch to Winter time as one of only a few countries in the world. Only the Zambezi Region in the far north-east remained at UTC+02:00. In the 2010s criticism of Namibian time regulations arose, mainly due to incompatibilities with South Africa, Namibia's main trading partner, and the hassle of different time regulations in the Caprivi Strip.

After public consultations the Namibian Time Bill 2017 was tabled in the National Assembly in February 2017 and passed by National Council in August.

Central Africa Time
Central Africa Time or CAT, is a time zone used in north central, east central and southern Africa. Central Africa Time is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+02:00), which is the same as the adjacent South Africa Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time and Central European Summer Time.

As this time zone is in the equatorial and tropical regions, there is little change in day length throughout the year and so daylight saving time is not observed.

Central Africa Time is observed by the following countries:

Botswana

Burundi

Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern provinces)

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Rwanda

Sudan

South Sudan

Zambia

Zimbabwe

The following countries in Africa also use an offset of UTC+02:00 all-year round:

Eswatini (observes South African Standard Time)

Lesotho (observes South African Standard Time)

Libya (observes Eastern European Time)

South Africa (observes South African Standard Time)
Peter d'Hamecourt
Peter d'Hamecourt (1946 – 3 December 2023) was a Dutch journalist, correspondent and writer. He spent most of his career in Moscow, Russia, where he worked from 1988 until his retirement in 2008.

During his time in Russia he made over 3,000 contributions for the NOS News and for many Dutch citizens became the face of Russia. He worked for a long time for newspaper Algemeen Dagblad and made television and radio contributions for Dutch Nova and EenVandaag and Flemish broadcaster VRT. He also wrote several books on Russia.

NOS Journaal
NOS Journaal is the umbrella name for the news broadcasts of the Dutch public broadcaster NOS on radio and television. The division of the NOS responsible for gathering and broadcasting the news is known as NOS Nieuws, and is based at the Media Park in Hilversum; the NOS also has fully equipped radio and television studios in The Hague, from which political programmes are often produced.
Ragasiya Snehithane
Ragasiya Snehithane (transl. Secret companion) is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language horror thriller film written and directed by Sujo Visanth. The film stars Lakshmi Rai along with newcomers Vasanth, Vijayraj, Prakash, Kandan, and Sriram, with Jayasurya, Charan Raj, Mahanadhi Shankar, Sethu Vinayagam, Hemalatha, Gowthami Vembunathan, M. S. Bhaskar, Pandu, Crane Manohar, and Bava Lakshmanan playing supporting roles. The film had music by John Peter. The film was released on 22 August 2008 after many delays. The film's title is based on a lyric from the song "Snegithane" in Alai Payuthey (2000).

Mahanadi Shankar
Mahanadi Shankar is an Indian actor and stuntman who has appeared in Tamil language films and television serials, playing mostly supporting and negative roles. He has starred in films such as Mahanadhi (1994), Baashha (1995), Ratchagan (1997), Amarkkalam (1999), and Dheena (2001). The success of the former film meant that he used the title as a prefix to his stage name.
Massin Kevin Labidi
Massin Kevin Labidi, birth name was Mohamed Karim Labidi (Arabic: ماسين كيفن العبيدي, Tifinagh: ⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴼⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵄⴱⵉⴷⵉ, massin kɛvɪn labidi, IPA, born 4 August 1966; popularly known as Karim Labidi) is a Dutch-Tunisian ex-Muslim and ex-Islamist of Amazigh descent. An atheist, political activist and blogger known for his criticism of Islam.

Ex-Muslims
Ex-Muslims are individuals who were raised as Muslims or converted to Islam and later chose to leave the religion. These individuals may encounter challenges related to the conditions and history of Islam, Islamic culture and jurisprudence, as well as local Muslim culture. In response, ex-Muslims have formed literary and social movements, as well as mutual support networks and organizations, to address the difficulties associated with leaving Islam and to raise awareness of human rights issues they may face.
Ex-Muslims might face persecution in conservative Muslim majority countries due to apostasy laws.
S (programming language)
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker, Trevor Hastie, William Cleveland and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.  The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is "to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully". It was formerly widely used by academic researchers., but has now been superseded by the partially backwards compatible R language, a part of the GNU free software project. S-PLUS was a widely used commercial implementation of S that was formerly sold by TIBCO Software.

Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. Such breaking usually incurs various types of costs, such as switching cost.

A complementary concept is forward compatibility; a design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products.
John Kelly (Irish broadcaster)
John Kelly (born 31 May 1965 in Enniskillen) is an Irish broadcaster and writer. He presented The View on RTÉ One and The JK Ensemble and, currently, Mystery Train on RTÉ lyric fm. He used to present Other Voices. He also presents a one-hour show on RTÉ 2XM called Radio Clash.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
Barry Hindess
Barry Hindess FASSA (11 July 1939 — 19 May 2018) was an emeritus Professor in the School of Social Sciences at Australian National University. He was for many years an academic sociologist in the UK (mainly at the University of Liverpool) and has published widely on social and political theory, and on the history of political thought.

Hindess was one of the editors of Theoretical Practice which in the 1970s critically examined the Structural Marxism of Louis Althusser. With other editors such as his former pupil, Paul Hirst, Tony Cutler and Athar Hussain, this interrogation eventually undermined their original support for Althusser. One of Hindess's doctoral students is Maria Bargh, Professor of Politics and Māori Studies at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.

Hindess held a BA from Oxford University, and a MA and PhD from University of Liverpool. He was elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in the political science discipline in 1995.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
Zhongyuan Yinyun
Zhongyuan Yinyun (simplified Chinese: 中原音韵; traditional Chinese: 中原音韻; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Yīnyùn), literally meaning "Rhymes of the central plain", is a rime book from the Yuan dynasty compiled by Zhou Deqing (周德清) in 1324. An important work for the study of historical Chinese phonology, it testifies many phonological changes from Middle Chinese to Old Mandarin, such as the reduction and disappearance of final stop consonants and the reorganization of the Middle Chinese tones. Though often termed a "rime dictionary", the work does not provide meanings for its entries.

Four tones (Middle Chinese)
The four tones of Chinese poetry and dialectology (simplified Chinese: 四声; traditional Chinese: 四聲; pinyin: sìshēng) are four traditional tone classes of Chinese words. They play an important role in Chinese poetry and in comparative studies of tonal development in the modern varieties of Chinese, both in traditional Chinese and in Western linguistics. They correspond to the phonology of Middle Chinese, and are named "even" or "level" (平; píng), "rising" (上; shǎng), "departing" or "going" (去; qù), and "entering" or "checked" 入; rù)). The last three are collectively referred to as "oblique" (仄; zè), an important concept in poetic tone patterns, whereas the first three are collectively referred to as "lax" (舒; shū), contrasting with "tense" (促; cù), which is occasionally used in linguistics. Due to historic splits and mergers, none of the modern varieties of Chinese have the exact four tones of Middle Chinese, but they are noted in rhyming dictionaries.
2011 Cantabrian regional election
The 2011 Cantabrian regional election was held on Sunday, 22 May 2011, to elect the 8th Parliament of the autonomous community of Cantabria. All 39 seats in the Parliament were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in 12 other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

The Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) had formed the government of the region since the 2003 election. However, the election was won by the People's Party (PP) which gained three seats from the PSOE. This was the first absolute majority of seats won by the PP, although its predecessor, the People's Alliance achieved the same feat at the 1983 election under the banner of the People's Coalition.

Parliament of Cantabria
The Parliament of Cantabria is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Cantabria. It consists of 35 members called "deputies" which are freely elected by the citizens of the region. The Parliament convenes at the Saint Raphael Hospital, an 18th-century building in the city of Santander rehabilitated in the 1980s to house the Regional Assembly.

Prior to 1998, the Parliament was called Regional Assembly of Cantabria.

Following the 2023 Cantabrian regional election, the People's Party has the plurality of seats and is the governing party.
Cyprus national football team results (1960–1969)
The Cyprus national football team represents Cyprus in association football and is controlled by the Cyprus Football Association (CFA), the governing body of the sport in the country.

The first match Cyprus played between 1960 and 1969 was a 1–1 defeat against Israel. Their last match between 1960 and 1969 was a 12–0 defeat against West Germany. This match also stands as the heaviest defeat in Cyprus's football history.

Cyprus national football team
The Cyprus national football team (Greek: Εθνική ομάδα ποδοσφαίρου της Κύπρου, romanized: Ethnikí omáda podosfaírou tis Kýprou), represents Cyprus in men's international football and is controlled by the Cyprus Football Association. The team's home ground is the AEK Arena in Larnaca.
Pine Gulch Fire
The Pine Gulch Fire was a wildfire that burned in Mesa County and Garfield County, Colorado in the United States. The fire was started by a lightning strike and first reported on July 31, 2020, and quickly grew, resulting in the fire being named the largest wildfire in Colorado history, surpassing the 2002 Hayman Fire. Almost seven weeks later, it was surpassed by the Cameron Peak Fire in Larimer County.

The Pine Gulch Fire burned on private and public lands and threatened gas and oil drilling infrastructure. The fire resulted in the closure of highways, government-managed and recreational land, and the evacuation of rural residences in the fire zone. The fire was declared 100% contained on September 23, and all evacuation orders were lifted. In total, the fire burned 139,007 acres (56,254 ha).

Garfield County, Colorado
Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 61,685. The county seat is Glenwood Springs, and the largest community is Rifle. The county is named in honor of United States President James A. Garfield.

Garfield County is included in the Rifle-Glenwood Springs Micropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes neighboring Pitkin County and is home to nearly 80,000 residents. The county is also included in the Glenwood Springs-Edwards combined statistical area.
Sabah Seghir
Sabah Seghir (Arabic: صباح صغير, born 27 September 2000) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss Women's Super League club Basel. Born and raised in France to Moroccan parents, she operates as a defender for the Morocco women's national team.

Morocco women's national football team
The Morocco women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب المغرب لكرة القدم للسيدات) represents Morocco in international women's football and is managed by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation.

The team played its first international match in 1998 during the inaugural Women's Africa Cup of Nations. They later achieved runners-up finishes in the 2022 and 2024 editions of the tournament. They made their debut at the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2023, where they advanced to the knock-out stage after finishing second in their group, before being eliminated in the Round of 16 by France.
Ice Age: Collision Course (soundtrack)
Ice Age: Collision Course (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2016 film Ice Age: Collision Course, the fifth instalment in the Ice Age franchise and the sequel to Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012). The film score is composed by John Debney and released through Varèse Sarabande on July 22, 2016.

Ice Age: Continental Drift
Ice Age: Continental Drift is a 2012 American animated adventure comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios. The fourth in the Ice Age film series, it was directed by Steve Martino and Michael Thurmeier and written by Michael Berg and Jason Fuchs. Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the previous films, with Jennifer Lopez, Drake, and Nicki Minaj joining the cast. The film involves Scrat mistakenly sending Manny, Sid, and Diego adrift on an iceberg with Sid's Granny, leading them to face a gang of pirates led by Captain Gutt.

The film premiered at CineEurope on June 20, 2012, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 13 by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $877 million worldwide, making it the fifth highest-grossing film and the highest-grossing animated film of 2012. A further sequel, Ice Age: Collision Course, was released in 2016.
Xgl
Xgl is an obsolete display server implementation supporting the X Window System protocol designed to take advantage of modern graphics cards via their OpenGL drivers, layered on top of OpenGL. It supports hardware acceleration of all X, OpenGL and XVideo applications and graphical effects by a compositing window manager such as Compiz or Beryl. The project was started by David Reveman of Novell and first released on January 2, 2006. It was removed from the X.org server in favor of AIGLX on June 12, 2008.

OpenGL
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering.

Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI) began developing OpenGL in 1991 and released it on June 30, 1992. It is used for a variety of applications, including computer-aided design (CAD), video games, scientific visualization, virtual reality, and flight simulation. Since 2006, OpenGL has been managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.