hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pleural disease
Pleural disease occurs in the  pleural space, which  is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the human body. There are several disorders and complications that can occur within the pleural area, and the surrounding tissues in the lung.

Pleural cavity
The pleural cavity, or pleural space (or sometimes intrapleural space), is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung. A small amount of serous pleural fluid is maintained in the pleural cavity to enable lubrication between the membranes, and also to create a pressure gradient.

The serous membrane that covers the surface of the lung is the visceral pleura and is separated from the outer membrane, the parietal pleura, by just the film of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity. The visceral pleura follows the fissures of the lung and the root of the lung structures. The parietal pleura is attached to the mediastinum, the upper surface of the diaphragm, and to the inside of the ribcage.
Dawid Kurminowski
Dawid Kurminowski (born 24 February 1999) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ekstraklasa club Lechia Gdańsk.

In the 2020–21 season, he became the top scorer of Slovak Super Liga with 19 goals.

Slovak First Football League
The Slovak First Football League (Slovak: 1. slovenská futbalová liga), officially known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Slovakia and the highest level of the Slovak football league system. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is fifteen, held by Slovan Bratislava, who are the current title holders.
2025 UEFA Nations League final
The 2025 UEFA Nations League final was a football match that determined the winners of the final tournament of the 2024–25 UEFA Nations League. It was the fourth final of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The match was held on 8 June 2025 at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany, between Portugal and defending champions Spain. It was the first Iberian final and first final contested between two former winners of the competition.

Portugal won the match 5–3 on penalties, following a 2–2 draw after extra time, for their second UEFA Nations League title. In doing so, they became the first team to win multiple Nations League titles.

This was the final match and trophy for Portuguese forward Diogo Jota, who died in a car accident less than a month later on 3 July 2025.

2021 UEFA Nations League final
The 2021 UEFA Nations League final was a football match that determined the winners of the final tournament of the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League. It was the second final of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA. The match was held on 10 October 2021 at the San Siro in Milan, Italy, and was contested by Spain and France.

France won the match 2–1 for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Östersund Arena
Östersund Arena is a multi-purpose venue in Östersund, Sweden. The arena can be used for curling, ice hockey, field hockey, figure skating, gymnastics. The arena opened in 2013, and replaced the Z-hallen for the Östersunds IK ice hockey team.

Östersunds IK
Östersunds IK is a Swedish professional ice hockey club from Östersund.  The club was founded in 1965 and has played 21 seasons in Sweden's second-tier hockey league.  In 2003, the club transferred its A-team to Jämtland Hockey and played three years under that name while Östersunds IK was left with only its youth hockey programs.  Then in 2006, Östersunds IK merged with Brunflo IK and took over Jämtland Hockey's position in Division 1.

On 29 April 2022, the club was promoted to the HockeyAllsvenskan, the current second tier of Swedish ice hockey, for the first time, after winning the Hockeyettan playoffs. They would make their Allsvenskan debut in the 2022–23 season.
Mount Nelson (horse)
Mount Nelson (7 April 2004 – 1 November 2019) was a British-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for winning the Eclipse Stakes in 2008. Mount Nelson showed great promise as a two-year-old in 2006 when he won the Critérium International less than a month after his racecourse debut. Hopes that he would become a classic contender in 2007 ended when he sustained a serious foot injury early in the year. He returned as a four-year-old to win the Eclipse and ran well in defeat in several other major races. He was then retired to stud and sired several good winners both on the flat and over jumps.

National Hunt racing
National Hunt Racing, also known as Jump Racing, is a form of horse racing particular to many European countries, including, but not limited to:  France, Great Britain and Ireland. Jump Racing requires horses to jump over fences and ditches.

In the UK, National Hunt Racing is divided into two major distinct branches: Hurdling and Steeplechase, as well as flat races called “Bumpers”. Hurdling involves horses jumping over Hurdles, while Steeplechase involves the horses jumping over a variety of different obstacles that includes fences, water jump or an open ditch. Some of the biggest National Hunt events of the year in the UK are the Grand National and the Cheltenham Gold Cup.
Tan See Leng
Tan See Leng (born 24 December 1964) is a Singaporean politician and former medical practitioner who has been serving as Minister for Manpower since 2021 and Minister-in-charge of Energy and Science and Technology since 2025. A member of the  People's Action Party (PAP), he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Chua Chu Kang division of Chua Chu Kang Group Representation Constituency since 2025.

Before entering politics, Tan was a medical practitioner by profession. He founded Healthway Medical Group and had served in top positions in Parkway Holdings, Parkway Pantai and IHH Healthcare.

He made his political debut in the 2020 general election as part of a five-member PAP team and won about 57% of the vote in Marine Parade GRC.

Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)
The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI; Malay: Kementerian Perdagangan dan Perusahaan; Chinese: 新加坡贸易与工业部; Tamil: வர்த்தக, தொழில் அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the government of Singapore responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies related to the development of business, trade and industry in Singapore.
New Mexico State Road 608
State Road 608 (NM 608) was a 1.969-mile-long (3.169 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 608's southern terminus was at NM 609 in Gallup, and the northern terminus was at U.S. Route 491 (US 491) north of Gallup. NM 608 was given to the city of Gallup in 2017. The road is now known as Ninth Street.

Gallup, New Mexico
Gallup is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States, with a population of 21,899 as of the 2020 census. A substantial percentage of its population is Native American, with residents from the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni tribes. Gallup is the county seat of McKinley County and the most populous city between Flagstaff and Albuquerque, along historic U.S. Route 66.

Gallup is known as the "Heart of Indian Country" because it is on the edge of the Navajo reservation and is also home to members of many other tribes.

The city is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.

Because of the nearby rugged terrain, it was a popular location in the 1940s and 1950s for Hollywood Westerns.
Blue nevus
A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a  single well-defined blue-black bump.

The blue colour is caused by the pigment being deep in the skin.

Diagnosis is by visualisation and dermoscopy. A biopsy is sometimes performed, or the whole lesion surgically removed. The outcome is generally good but there is a small chance of cancerous transformation. Differential diagnosis includes dermatofibroma and melanoma.

Blue nevi are more common in females than males. It was first studied in 1906 by Tièche, a student of Josef Jadassohn.

Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin. It may have a rounded, pointed or flat top, and may have a dip. It can appear with a stalk, be thread-like or look warty. It can be soft or firm and its surface may be rough or smooth. Some have crusts or scales. A papule can be flesh colored, yellow, white, brown, red, blue or purplish. There may be just one or many, and they may occur irregularly in different parts of the body or appear in clusters. It does not contain fluid but may progress to a pustule or vesicle. A papule is smaller than a nodule; it can be as tiny as a pinhead and is typically less than 1 cm in width, according to some sources, and 0.5 cm according to others. When merged together, it appears as a plaque.

A papule's colour might indicate its cause, such as white in milia, red in eczema, yellowish in xanthoma and black in melanoma. They may open when scratched and become infected and crusty.
Montgomery Street station
Montgomery Street station (often called Montgomery station) is a combined BART and Muni Metro rapid transit subway station in the Market Street subway in downtown San Francisco. Located under Market Street between Montgomery Street and Sansome Street, it serves the Financial District neighborhood and surrounding areas. The three-level station has a large fare mezzanine level, with separate platform levels for Muni Metro and BART below. Montgomery Street and Embarcadero station to the north are typically the two busiest stations in the BART system.

The station is served by the BART Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue lines, and the Muni Metro J Church, K Ingleside, L Taraval, M Ocean View, N Judah, and S Shuttle lines.

M Ocean View
The M Ocean View is a light rail line that is part of the Muni Metro system in San Francisco, California. Named after the Oceanview neighborhood, it runs between San Jose and Geneva and Embarcadero station, connecting Oceanview, San Francisco State University, and Stonestown Galleria with the city center. The line opened on October 6, 1925.
Baseball in Mexico
Baseball first rose to popularity in Mexico during the 1880s, and may have been introduced there as early as 1846.  Mexico's current premier baseball league, the Mexican Baseball League, was founded in 1925 and consists of two divisions with 16 teams in total. The Mexican League has been classified as a Triple-A level league since 1967, and was classified as a Double-A league before then.

The sport has traditionally been considered one of the most popular sports in Mexico, second only to football in some areas. Baseball is primarily popular in the northern part of the country, in the states nearest the Mexico–United States border. Over 120 different players have made appearances for Major League Baseball teams, the first being Mel Almada who played for the Boston Red Sox starting in 1933. Other notable Mexican MLB players include Fernando Valenzuela, Vinny Castilla, Joakim Soria, and Julio Urias.

Julio Urías
Julio César Urías Acosta (born August 12, 1996), nicknamed "El Culichi", is a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher. The Los Angeles Dodgers signed him in 2012, and he made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2016. Urías led the National League in wins in 2021 and earned run average in 2022. He was named to the All-MLB Second Team in 2021 and 2022.
In September 2023, following his second arrest for domestic violence, Urías was placed on administrative leave by MLB. His contract with the Dodgers expired at the end of the season has not pitched professionally since then.
Arborg, Manitoba
Arborg is a town located along the Icelandic River in Manitoba. The community is located 103 kilometres north of Winnipeg, at the junction of Manitoba Highways 7 and 68, in the Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada. The town is surrounded by the Municipality of Bifrost - Riverton and has a population of 1,279 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Manitoba Highway 68
Provincial Trunk Highway 68 (PTH 68) is an east–west provincial highway in the Parkland and Interlake regions of Manitoba, Canada.

PTH 68 starts at PTH 5 east of Ste. Rose Du Lac and terminates at PTH 8 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) south of Riverton. Between the eastern junction with PTH 6 at Eriksdale and its western terminus, the highway is part of the Northern Woods and Water Route. The most notable portion of PTH 68 is the bridge over Lake Manitoba at The Narrows.
Battle of San Fernando de Omoa
The Battle of San Fernando de Omoa was a short siege and battle between British and Spanish forces fought not long after Spain entered the American Revolutionary War on the American side. On the 16 October 1779, following a brief attempt at siege, a force of 150 British soldiers and seamen assaulted and captured the fortifications at San Fernando de Omoa in the Captaincy General of Guatemala (now Honduras) on the Gulf of Honduras.

The British forces managed to overwhelm and capture the Spanish garrison, consisting of 365 men. The British only held the fort until November 1779. They then withdrew the garrison, which tropical diseases had reduced, and which was under threat of a Spanish counter-attack.

Captaincy General of Guatemala
The Captaincy General of Guatemala (Spanish: Capitanía General de Guatemala), also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala (Spanish: Reino de Guatemala), was an administrative division of the Spanish Empire, under the viceroyalty of New Spain in Central America, including present-day Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and the Mexican state of Chiapas. The governor-captain general was also president of the Royal Audiencia of Guatemala, the superior court.
Thomas C. Powell
Thomas Carr Powell (September 5, 1865 – February 9, 1945) was an American railroad executive from Cincinnati, Ohio. During World War I, he served as manager of inland traffic and wa a member of the priorities committee in the War Industries Board. He also served as director of the Division of Capital Expenditures for the United States Railroad Administration. Powell was president of both the Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad and the Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad.

Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad
The Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad (reporting mark CEI) was a Class I railroad that linked Chicago to southern Illinois, St. Louis, and Evansville. Founded in 1877, it grew aggressively and stayed relatively strong throughout the Great Depression and two World Wars before finally being purchased by the Missouri Pacific Railroad (MP or MoPac) and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N). Missouri Pacific merged with the C&EI corporate entity in 1976, and was later acquired itself by the Union Pacific Railroad.
Straumsnes Municipality
Straumsnes is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 118.6-square-kilometre (45.8 sq mi) municipality existed from 1866 until its dissolution in 1964. It included the northern part of the Tingvoll peninsula, the eastern part of the island of Aspøya, and several surrounding islands in the northern part of the present-day Tingvoll Municipality. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Straumsnes where the Straumsnes Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 118.6-square-kilometre (45.8 sq mi) municipality was the 484th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Straumsnes Municipality was the 587th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,160. The municipality's population density was 9.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (25/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Aspøya, Tingvoll
Aspøya is an artificial island in Tingvoll Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located between the Freifjorden and the Tingvollfjorden. The European route E39 highway crosses Aspøya and connects it to the nearby island of Bergsøya to the west by the Bergsøysund Bridge–part of the Krifast bridge and tunnel system which connects the town of Kristansund to the mainland. To the east, the E39 highway connects it to the Straumsnes peninsula in Tingvoll.

The highest point on the 18.8-square-kilometre (7.3 sq mi) island is the 372-metre (1,220 ft) mountain Vettafjellet. The artificial island was once a peninsula that was connected to the mainland by the narrow, 150-metre (490 ft) wide Nålsundeidet isthmus. In 1905, the isthmus was excavated to provide an 8-metre (26 ft) wide canal through which boats can travel. The completion of the canal, therefore, made Aspøya into an island.
Windows Hardware Lab Kit
The Windows Hardware Lab Kit (Windows HLK) is a test automation framework provided by Microsoft to certify devices for Windows. Earlier similarly released frameworks were called Windows Hardware Certification Kit (Windows HCK) and Windows Logo Kit (WLK).

It provides automated scheduling and execution of the driver tests that hardware vendors are required to pass in order to qualify to use the Microsoft Designed for Windows Logo. It also enables users to automate driver tests they have created themselves. These tests can be mixed and matched with the Logo tests provided by Microsoft to create a custom test pass, which enables organizations to use the DTM to validate drivers in any way they see fit.

Device driver
A device driver is software that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling other software to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware.

A driver communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware connects. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device (drives it). Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program.

Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
January 1910 Doubs river flood
The flood of Doubs river was the biggest flooding in the history of the Doubs river (France); the water rose up to nearly 10 metres above the usual level, January 21, 1910. The principal departements affected were the département of Doubs, the département of Jura and also the département of Saône et Loire. At least one person was killed, and many others may have been killed because of this flood.

1910 Great Flood of Paris
The 1910 Great Flood of Paris (French: Crue de la Seine de 1910) was a catastrophe in which the Seine River, carrying winter rains from its tributaries, flooded the conurbation of Paris, France. The Seine water level rose eight meters (more than 26 feet) above the ordinary level.
Nauru at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Nauru competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. The country's participation in Brazil was its sixth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Nauru's delegation included two participants: Ovini Uera, a judoka in the men's middleweight judo category; and Elson Brechtefeld in the men's 56 kg weightlifting competition. Uera qualified as Nauru's top-ranked judoka, in the IJF World Ranking List through a quota slot from the Oceania Judo Union. Brechtefeld qualified by grant from the International Weightlifting Federation of an unused quota place. Uera was eliminated by Varlam Liparteliani in the round of 16 and Brechtefeld finished 15th in his event.

International Weightlifting Federation
The International Weightlifting Federation, aka IWF, is the international governing body for the sport of Weightlifting. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, it has 193 affiliated national federations. Mohammed Hasan Jalood has been its president since June 2022.

The IWF organizes the World Weightlifting Championships, as well as world championship events for Youth and Juniors. It also cooperates with the International Olympic Committee in the organization of Weightlifting events at the Olympic Games; however, weightlifting's inclusion in the 2028 Olympics is uncertain, due to doping issues within the sport, and governance issues within IWF, and weightlifting's inclusion is expected to be decided by an IOC meeting in 2023. Weightlifting was scheduled as a sport in the 2024 Olympics but with reduced numbers of athletes and events.

IWF traces its history to the formation of the "Amateur-Athleten-Weltunion" (Amateur Athletes World Union) in 1905.
Rail transport in Catalonia
Rail transport in Catalonia operates on three rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of public operators:

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya lines (FGC):
Metro de Barcelona lines
Línia Barcelona-Vallès
Llobregat–Anoia line

Broad gauge lines (Renfe):
Rodalies Barcelona lines
Regional lines (Mitjana distància in Catalan)
Long-distance lines (Llarga distància)

Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona lines (TMB):
Metro de Barcelona

Tramway lines:
Tramvia Blau (TMB)
Tram lines (TRAM)

High speed lines in Catalonia (Renfe)
AVE lines (in Standard gauge)
High speed trains (in broad gauge)

Funicular and aerial tramway of Catalonia (Funiculars i telefèrics de Catalunya)

Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona
The Barcelona Metropolitan Transport, or Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in Catalan, is the main public transit operator in Barcelona. A combination of two formerly-separate companies, Ferrocarril Metropolità de Barcelona, SA. and Transports de Barcelona, SA., it runs most of the metro and local bus lines in Barcelona and the metropolitan area.

The bus network serves Barcelona and the metropolitan area through 109 lines that cover a total distance of 920.62 kilometres. The Barcelona Metro network has 123 stations. It is formed by six lines and a funicular railway. In 2016, TMB carried 578.75 million passengers and had 7,744 employees.

There is also an authority in Barcelona that seeks to coordinate and integrate other public transport companies (such as TRAMMET, for the local trams) into the same network, Autoritat del Transport Metropolità.
Herbert Kershaw
Herbert Kershaw (first ¼ 1885 – February 1955), also known by the nickname of "Harry", was an English rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield RFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (captain), as a forward.

After retirement from rugby league, in 1928 Wakefield RFC employed him as a bagman and he also assisted in training, paying him 2s/6d a week, (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £20.97 in 2016).

Wakefield RFC
Wakefield RFC was an English rugby union club, founded in 1901 and folded in 2004 as a result of poor finances, with a trading loss of £105,000 for the season and unsecured creditors' loans of approximately £640,000. The club's final season was in 2003–04 when they were relegated after losing to Coventry RFC in their final match. The club was based at College Grove in Wakefield, West Yorkshire.