hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James N. Britton
James Nimmo Britton (18 May 1908 – 28 February 1994) was a British educator at the UCL Institute of Education whose theory of language and learning helped guide research in school writing, while shaping the progressive teaching of language, writing, and literature in both England and the United States after the Dartmouth Conference (1966) of Anglo-American English educators.

UCL Institute of Education
The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior to merging with UCL in 2014, it was a constituent college of the University of London. The IOE is ranked first in the world for education in the QS World University Rankings, and has been so every year since 2014.

The IOE is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students on PGCE teacher-training courses. At any one time the IOE hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies.
Ormuri
Ormuri (اورموړی [oɾˈmuɽi]), also known as Baraki or Bargista, is an Eastern Iranian language spoken in the Waziristan region of Pakistan. It is primarily spoken by the Burki people in the town of Kaniguram in South Waziristan. A small number of speakers are also found in Logar, Afghanistan. The language belongs to the Eastern-Iranian language group. The extremely small number of speakers makes Ormuri an endangered language that is considered to be in a "threatened" state.

Ormuri is notable for its unusual sound inventory, which includes a voiceless alveolar trill that does not exist in the surrounding Pashto. Ormuri also has voiceless and voiced alveolo-palatal fricatives (the voiceless being contrastive with the more common voiceless palato-alveolar fricative), which also exist in the Waziristani dialect of Pashto, but could have been adopted from Ormuri due to its close proximity.

Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
A voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʑ⟩ ("z", plus the curl also found in its voiceless counterpart ⟨ɕ⟩). It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiced palatal fricative.
Artur Kotenko
Artur Kotenko (born 20 August 1981) is a retired Estonian professional footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for FCI Levadia.

Kotenko announced his retirement from professional football in November 2022.

FCI Levadia Tallinn
Football Club Infonet Levadia Tallinn, commonly known as FCI Levadia, or simply as Levadia, is a professional football club based in Tallinn that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Lilleküla Stadium.

Founded in 1998 in Maardu, the club moved to Tallinn in 2000 and officially affiliated themselves with the capital city in 2004. In 2017, Levadia's first team merged with FCI Tallinn, and became FCI Levadia. Levadia has played in the Meistriliiga since the 1999 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division. Levadia are the second most successful club in Estonian football with 31 domestic titles; including 11 Meistriliiga titles, a record 11 Estonian Cups and 9 Estonian Supercups.
Graz Cathedral
Graz Cathedral (German: Grazer Dom), also called St. Giles' Cathedral (German: Dom St. Ägidius), is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Graz–Seckau in Graz, Austria. It is dedicated to Saint Giles (Ägidius), the patron saint of Graz, and serves as the seat of the bishop. The church was originally built between 1438 and 1462 as the Hofkirche (court church) of Emperor Frederick III in the Gothic style, and later served as the Jesuit collegiate and university church from 1577 to 1773, during which period it was modified in the Baroque style.

It stands adjacent to the Mausoleum Emperor Ferdinand II. The cathedral’s hall-like design combines Gothic architecture with later Baroque elements, it houses significant artworks such as medieval frescoes and altarpieces, a high Baroque altar (1730–33 by Georg Kraxner) with a painting of St. Giles, and two historic ivory reliquaries (originally Paola Gonzaga’s bridal chests).

Saint Giles
Saint Giles (/dʒaɪlz/, Latin: Aegidius, French: Gilles, Italian: Egidio, Spanish: Gil; c. 650 - c. 710), also known as Giles the Hermit, was a hermit or monk active in the lower Rhône most likely in the 7th century. Revered as a saint, his cult became widely diffused but his hagiography is mostly legendary. A town that bears his name grew up around the monastery he purportedly founded, which became a pilgrimage centre and a stop on the Way of Saint James.
Subha Sankalpam
Subha Sankalpam (transl. Good resolve) is a 1995 Indian Telugu-language film directed by K. Viswanath and produced by S. P. Balasubrahmanyam. The film features Kamal Haasan, Aamani and Priya Raman in lead roles, with Viswanath playing a significant supporting role. The cinematography was handled by P. C. Sreeram, and the music was composed by M. M. Keeravani. The film received five Nandi Awards and three Filmfare Awards. It was later dubbed into Tamil as Paasavalai. This film marked the last straight, non-bilingual Telugu film of Kamal Hassan as a solo lead.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Lepsimandus
Lepsimandus or Lepsimandos (Ancient Greek: Ληψίμανδος) was a city of ancient Caria, mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium. Lepsimandus was located on an island of the same name in the Aegean Sea. Lepsimandus was a polis (city-state) and member of the Delian League. It appears in the Athenian tribute lists and paid an annual tribute of 17 drachmae, 1 obol.

Its site is located on Kalolimnos.

Kalolimnos
Kalolimnos (Greek: Καλόλιμνος) is a small Greek island in the Dodecanese chain, lying between Kalymnos and Imia, opposite the coast of Turkey, in the Aegean Sea. It is part of the municipality of Kalymnos.

Kalolimnos reaches an altitude of 80 meters above sea level and has a total area of 1.95 km².
1700 conclave
The 1700 papal conclave was convened following the death of Pope Innocent XII. It ended in the election of Cardinal Giovanni Albani as Pope Clement XI. The conclave saw a rise in the dominance of a zelanti faction in the College of Cardinals. It remained deadlocked for a month until the death of the childless Charles II of Spain. The cardinal electors anticipated that his death without a clear heir would cause a political crisis, and moved to elect a pope that was seen as non-partisan.

Charles II of Spain
Charles II (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) was the king of Spain from 1665 to 1700. The last monarch from the House of Habsburg that had ruled Spain since 1516, his death without children resulted in the 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession.

For reasons still debated, Charles experienced lengthy periods of ill health throughout his life. This made the question of who would succeed him central to European diplomacy for much of his reign, with one historian writing that "from the day of his birth, they were waiting for his death".

The two candidates for the succession were Charles of Austria, from the House of Habsburg, and Philip of Anjou, the 16-year-old grandson of Louis XIV of France, from the House of Bourbon. Shortly before dying in November 1700, Charles made the latter his heir, but the acquisition of an undivided Spanish Empire by either threatened the European balance of power and resulted in war.
Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)
Al-Barakah (Arabic: الْبَرَكَة, romanized: al-Barakah) was a Syrian administrative district of the Islamic State (IS), a Salafi jihadist militant group and unrecognised proto-state. Originally set up as Al-Barakah Province (Arabic: وِلَايَة الْبَرَكَة, romanized: Wilāyah al-Barakah) to govern IS territories in Al-Hasakah Governorate, the province shifted south after 2016 due to the territorial losses to the YPG/YPJ. Having been demoted from province to district in 2018, Al-Barakah administered a small strip of land along the Euphrates in Deir ez-Zor Governorate until the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani; since then the "territory" has turned into an insurgency.

Eastern Syria insurgency
The Eastern Syria insurgency is an armed insurgency being waged by remnants of the Islamic State and both pro and anti-Ba'athist Syria Arab nationalist insurgents, against the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), its military (the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF)), and their allies in the US-led Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) coalition.
Michael S. Sanchez
Michael S. Sanchez (born August 3, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who served in the New Mexico Senate from 1993 to 2016, representing the 29th District (Valencia and Bernalillo Counties). He was defeated in his bid for re-election in 2016.

Valencia County, New Mexico
Valencia County (Spanish: Condado de Valencia) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,205. The county seat is Los Lunas.

Valencia County is included in the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The county was a significant bellwether region that held the longest record for predicting presidential election winners until 2020.
Clusterball
Clusterball is a 2000 video game featuring futuristic sport gameplay created by the Swedish Company Daydream Software and published by Strategy First, RealNetworks and Daydream Software itself.

Clusterball began development in early 1997 as a research and development experiment at Daydream. It was the company's first fully 3D game, as its other projects were pre-rendered.

RealNetworks
RealNetworks LLC is an American technology company and provider of Internet streaming media delivery software and services based in Seattle, Washington. The company also provides subscription-based online entertainment services and mobile entertainment and messaging services.
Neighborhoods of New Haven, Connecticut
The city of New Haven, Connecticut has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).

West Rock, New Haven
West Rock is a neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut.

The neighborhood is dominated by the southern end of West Rock Ridge State Park.  It also contains the campus of Southern Connecticut State University and Common Ground High School. The north end of the official neighborhood contains the Brookside neighborhood.

The public housing in the neighborhood has been redeveloped in recent years, after dilapidation and neglect, under the Federal HOPE VI program. These include Brookside, Rockview and Ribicoff (now Twin Brook).

For many years, the community was separated from neighboring Hamden, Connecticut by a chain link fence on the Hamden side of the border. The fence was a source of much political and racial conflict between the two municipalities. The neighboring communities and road network are now reconnected.
Banu Lakhm
The Banu Lakhm (Arabic: بنو لخم) was an Arab tribe best known for its ruling Nasrid, or more commonly, 'Lakhmid', house, which ruled as the Sasanian Empire's vassal kings in the buffer zone with the nomadic Arab tribes of northern and eastern Arabia in the 4th—6th centuries CE from their seat in al-Hirah in modern Iraq. After their first ruler Amr ibn Adi ibn Nasr (r. 293–302), nothing was mentioned of the Lakhmid kings in Iraq until the late 5th century when they emerged as commanders of Sasanian campaigns against nomadic Arab tribes and later the Arab allies of the Byzantine Empire.

A section of the Lakhm dwelt in Syria  at least from the 4th century, during Byzantine rule, and remained allies of Byzantium until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s. Thereafter, they became one the main tribes that made up the Umayyad Caliphate's Arab tribal soldiery in Palestine and were closely associated with the larger tribe of Judham.

Jund Filastin
Jund Filasṭīn (Arabic: جُنْد فِلَسْطِيْن, "the military district of Palestine") was one of the military districts of the Umayyad and Abbasid province of Bilad al-Sham (Levant), organized soon after the Muslim conquest of the Levant in the 630s. Jund Filastin, which encompassed most of Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Tertia, included the newly established city of Ramla as its capital and eleven administrative districts (kura), each ruled from a central town.
Extension (simplicial set)
In higher category theory in mathematics, the extension of simplicial sets (extension functor or Ex functor) is an endofunctor on the category of simplicial sets. Due to many remarkable properties, the extension functor has plenty and strong applications in homotopical algebra. Among the most well-known is its application in the construction of Kan complexes from arbitrary simplicial sets, which often enables without loss of generality to take the former for proofs about the latter. It is furthermore very well compatible with the Kan–Quillen model structure and can for example be used to explicitly state its factorizations or to search for weak homotopy equivalences.

Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized in the axiomatic definition of a model category.

A model category is a category with classes of morphisms called weak equivalences, fibrations, and cofibrations, satisfying several axioms. The associated homotopy category of a model category has the same objects, but the morphisms are changed in order to make the weak equivalences into isomorphisms. It is a useful observation that the associated homotopy category depends only on the weak equivalences, not on the fibrations and cofibrations.
Hemopericardium
Hemopericardium refers to blood in the pericardial sac of the heart. It is clinically similar to a pericardial effusion, and, depending on the volume and rapidity with which it develops, may cause cardiac tamponade.

The condition can be caused by full-thickness necrosis (death) of the myocardium (heart muscle) after myocardial infarction, chest trauma, and by over-prescription of anticoagulants. Other causes include ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva and other aneurysms of the aortic arch.

Hemopericardium can be diagnosed with a chest X-ray or a chest ultrasound, and is most commonly treated with pericardiocentesis.  While hemopericardium itself is not deadly, it can lead to cardiac tamponade, a condition that is fatal if left untreated.

Pericardium
The pericardium (pl. pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.  It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium). It encloses the pericardial cavity, which contains pericardial fluid, and defines the middle mediastinum.  It separates the heart from interference of other structures, protects it against infection and blunt trauma, and lubricates the heart's movements.
Bust of Spock
The bust of Spock is a bronze sculpture in the town of Vulcan in Alberta, Canada, placed at the corner of Centre Street and 2nd Avenue S. The monument consists of a bust of Spock, a character from science fiction television series Star Trek: The Original Series, portrayed by actor Leonard Nimoy. It also features a plaque with his handprint cast in bronze, performing the Vulcan salute. It was unveiled on April 23, 2010. The sculpture celebrates the coincidental similarity of the town's name to the fictional homeworld of extraterrestrial species of Vulcans, with Spock being its member.

Vulcan (Star Trek)
Vulcans, sometimes referred to as Vulcanians, are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the Star Trek media franchise.  They are noted for their strict adherence to logic and reason and suppression of emotion. Known for their pronounced eyebrows and pointed ears, they originate from the fictional planet Vulcan. In the Star Trek universe, they were the first extraterrestrial species to make contact with humans.

The most notable Vulcan character is Spock, first played by actor Leonard Nimoy in Star Trek: The Original Series (1966–1969). Some aspects of this fictional alien race that have entered popular culture are their pointy ears, the Vulcan salute, the Vulcan nerve pinch, and their adherence to logical thinking and disdain for emotion.

A 2019 journal article, Science Fiction and the Abolition of Man argued that many science fiction characters such as Vulcans of Star Trek are based on the ideas of The Abolition of Man by C. S. Lewis.
Monk Bailey
Claron Everett "Monk" Bailey Jr. (April 22, 1938 – June 18, 2015) was an American professional football player who was a defensive back for two seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Utah Utes. He also played for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL), the Bridgeport Jets and Long Island Bulls of the Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL), and the Jersey Jays of the Continental Football League (COFL).

Atlantic Coast Football League
The Atlantic Coast Football League (ACFL) was a professional American football minor league that operated from 1962 to 1973.  Until 1969, many of its franchises had working agreements with National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) teams to serve as farm clubs. The league paid a base salary of $100 per game and had 36 players on each active roster.
Michael Kitson
Michael William Lely Kitson (30 January 1926 – 7 August 1998) was a British art historian who became an international authority on the work of the painter Claude Lorrain.

His teaching career took in the Slade School of Fine Art and Courtauld Institute in London; he was at the latter from 1955 to 1985, ending as Professor of the History of Art from 1978 and deputy director from 1980.  He then moved to be Director of Studies at the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art in London.  In 1969, he organized the first major exhibition ever dedicated to Lorrain at the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, followed by the Hayward Gallery, London.

Courtauld Institute of Art
The Courtauld Institute of Art (/ˈkɔːrtəʊld/) is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art and conservation.

The art collection is known particularly for its French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, and is housed in the Courtauld Gallery. The Courtauld is based in Somerset House, in the Strand in London. In 2019, the Courtauld's teaching and research activities temporarily relocated to Vernon Square, London, while its Somerset House site underwent a major regeneration project.
Jordan Pang
Jordan Pang Ka-ho (Chinese: 彭家浩; born 1998) is a Hong Kong District Councillor. He was a student leader and served as the Vice-President (External) of the Hong Kong University Students' Union (HKUSU) and Acting Chairperson of the Current Affairs Committee, HKUSU Council. In 2019, whilst a university student, he defeated the incumbent pro-Beijing politician, "triple councillor" (having held positions in the district council, Legislative Council and Executive Council) Horace Cheung and became the District Councillor of Sai Wan in the Central and Western District Council, making him the second youngest District Councillor in Hong Kong's history. Pang's focus areas as District Councillor include urban planning, improving public space and strengthening public participation.

Horace Cheung
Horace Cheung Kwok-kwan, JP (Chinese: 張國鈞, born 30 June 1974) is a Hong Kong solicitor and politician and the former vice-chairman of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), the largest pro-Beijing party in Hong Kong. He was elected to Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 2016 through the Hong Kong Island constituency, and re-elected in 2021 through the Election Committee constituency. He is the current Deputy Secretary for Justice.
Xuwulong
Xuwulong is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period of what is now Yujingzi Basin in the Jiuquan area, Gansu Province of northwestern China. It is known from the holotype, GSGM F00001, an articulated specimen including a complete cranium, almost complete axial skeleton, and complete left pelvic girdle recovered from the Xinminbao Group. Xuwulong was named by You Hailu, Li Daqing, and Liu Weichang in 2011, and the type species is Xuwulong yueluni; the binomial name as a whole refers to Professor Wang Yue-lun; "Xu-wu" is his courtesy name.

Xinminbao Group
The Xīnmínbǎo Group (Chinese: 新民堡群; pinyin: Xīnmínbǎo qún) is a group of geological formations in north central China. They occur across a large depression between the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to the north and the Qilian mountains of the Qinghai Plateau to the south, in the Gōngpóquán (公婆泉) and Suànjǐngzi (算井子) basins, and also in the neighbouring Jiuquan Basin.

Both of these areas are inland basins consisting of fluvial (river), lacustrine (lake), and intermontane (between mountains) alluvial fan (floodplain) sediments that were deposited during the Early Cretaceous, probably during the Aptian or possibly late Barremian stage, when the climate was semi-arid and subtropical.

The group has been visited by many expeditions including the Silk Road dinosaur expedition of 1992 which concentrated on the area around Mazong Shan.