hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fermi's golden rule
In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (the probability of a transition per unit time) from one energy eigenstate of a quantum system to a group of energy eigenstates in a continuum, as a result of a weak perturbation. This transition rate is effectively independent of time (so long as the strength of the perturbation is independent of time) and is proportional to the strength of the coupling between the initial and final states of the system (described by the square of the matrix element of the perturbation) as well as the density of states. It is also applicable when the final state is discrete, i.e. it is not part of a continuum, if there is some decoherence in the process, like relaxation or collision of the atoms, or like noise in the perturbation, in which case the density of states is replaced by the reciprocal of the decoherence bandwidth.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Ricardo Blasco
Ricardo Blasco Laguna (30 April 1921 – 8 February 1994) was a Spanish writer, screenwriter and film director.

He began his career as screenwriter for Cifesa and then under the direction of Luis Lucia Mingarro. He co-directed Nuits andalouses (1953), by Maurice Cloche, Amor bajo cero (1960), Armas contra la ley (1961), Autopsia de un criminal (1962), Destino: Barajas (1962), Las tres espadas del Zorro (1963) and El Zorro cabalga otra vez (1965). He also worked as screenwriter and television director for Televisión Española in Escuela de matrimonios (1964), Diego de Acevedo (1966), España siglo XX (1973), Sombras del ayer (1979) and Memorias de España (1982).

In his last days he worked as historian and essayist.
In 1973 he edited the Gran Enciclopedia de la Región Valenciana.

Luis Lucia
Luis Lucia Mingarro (24 May 1914, in Valencia – 12 March 1984, in Madrid) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter.

His father, Luis Lucia, was the Spanish minister of communications in 1935.  He studied Law and was the attorney of CIFESA film studios.

As director, he discovered child prodigies Marisol, Rocío Dúrcal and made them stars. He tried the same with Ana Belén but her film debut Zampo y yo was a flop.

He was interred at Cementerio de Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
2016 Hokkaido 5th district by-election
A by-election for the Hokkaido-5th seat in the Japanese House of Representatives was held on 24 April 2016, coinciding with another by-election in Kyoto. The by-election was triggered by the death of the sitting member, former Speaker of the House and Foreign Minister Nobutaka Machimura from cerebral infarction in Osaka on 1 June 2015. Machimura, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party, was a long-serving representative for the district, holding the seat almost continuously between 1996 and 2015 (except for a brief period between 2009 and 2010). The seat has been considered safe for the LDP, with Machimura retaining it on a 14.1% margin in the 2014 general election.

In a result that has been considered a boost for the LDP ahead of the mid-year House of Councillors election, Machimura's son-in-law Yoshiaki Wada won the election with 52.4% of the vote, retaining the seat for the LDP.

Yoshiaki Wada
Yoshiaki Wada (born 10 October 1971) is a Japanese politician. From 2016 to 2024 he was a member of the House of Representatives from Hokkaido 5th district. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
Sarah Demers
Sarah Demers is an American experimental particle physicist, Professor of Physics, and Chair of the Department of Physics at Yale University. Her research focuses on using charged leptons, particularly tau leptons and muons, to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. She is a member of the ATLAS collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider and the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab.

Mu2e
Mu2e, or the Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment, is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab in the US. The goal of the experiment is to identify physics beyond the Standard Model, namely, the conversion of muons to electrons without the emission of neutrinos, which occurs in a number of theoretical models. Former project co-spokesperson Jim Miller likens this process to neutrino oscillation, but for charged leptons. The rate for this process in the Standard Model of particle physics is unobservably small, so any observation of this process would constitute a major discovery and indicate new physics beyond the standard model. The experiment will be 10,000 times more sensitive than previous muon to electron conversion experiments, and probe effective energy scales up to 10,000 TeV.
Fiend Folio
Fiend Folio is the name of three separate products published for successive editions of the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D).  All three are collections of monsters.

The bulk of the material in the first edition came from the British gaming magazine White Dwarf, rather than being authored by Gary Gygax, the game's co-creator. Readers and gamers had submitted creatures to the "Fiend Factory" department of the magazine, and the most highly regarded of those appearing in the first thirteen issues were selected to be in the publication.

White Dwarf (magazine)
White Dwarf is a magazine published by British games manufacturer Games Workshop, which has long served as a promotions and advertising platform for Games Workshop and Citadel Miniatures products.

During the first ten years of its publication, it covered a wide variety of fantasy and science-fiction role-playing games (RPGs) and board games, particularly the role-playing games Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D), Call of Cthulhu, RuneQuest and Traveller.

These games were all published by other games companies and distributed in the United Kingdom by Games Workshop stores. The magazine underwent a major change in style and content in the late 1980s. It is now dedicated exclusively to the miniature wargames produced by Games Workshop.
Rutherglen Football Club
The Rutherglen Football and Netball Club is an Australian rules football and netball club playing its home games in Rutherglen, Victoria, Australia. 
The current Rutherglen FNC was created after the merger of Ovens & Murray Football League sides Rutherglen and Corowa in 1979. 
Surplus players from the new Corowa-Rutherglen club reformed Rutherglen (initially as Rutherglen-Corowa) and played in the Coreen & District Football League for 13 years.

A stint in the Ovens & King Football League followed before moving to the Tallangatta & District Football League. The club dropped the Corowa part in its name in 2002.

Coreen & District Football League
The Coreen & District Football League was an Australian rules football competition in the Coreen district of the Riverina in New South Wales, initially formed in 1909. The netball competition commenced in 1972 in line with the football fixture. The league was disbanded at the end of the 2007 season after 99 years of competition.
2024 Swindon Borough Council election
The 2024 Swindon Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2024 to elect councillors to Swindon Borough Council in Wiltshire, England. The elections was on the same day as other local elections across England. A third of seats were contested.

At the previous council election, Labour gained an overall majority control of Swindon Borough Council after gaining 9 seats, with the Conservatives losing 10 seats. They increased their majority from 5 seats in 2023 to 13 seats in 2024.

2023 Swindon Borough Council election
The 2023 Swindon Borough Council election took place on 4 May 2023 to elect councillors to Swindon Borough Council in Wiltshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections across England. There were 19 of the 57 seats on the council up for election.

Prior to the election the Conservatives held a majority of the seats on the council. At the election Labour took control of the council, and the Conservative leader, David Renard, lost his seat.
The Green Book (album)
The Green Book is the third studio album by American hip hop duo Twiztid. It was released on July 1, 2003, through Psychopathic Records. Recording sessions took place at the Lotus Pod. Production was handled by the Systasyrosis Soundsquad and Mike E. Clark. It features guest appearances from Insane Clown Posse, Anybody Killa, Blaze Ya Dead Homie, Bushwick Bill, E-40, Esham, Layzie Bone and Tech N9ne. The album peaked at number 52 on the Billboard 200 and number 2 on the Independent Albums in the United States. It was reissued on vinyl for the first time on August 19, 2016, via Majik Ninja Entertainment, leading the album to top the Billboard Vinyl Albums chart and receiving a Detroit Music Awards nomination for Outstanding Anthology/Compilation/Reissue.

Esham
Esham Attica Smith (born September 20, 1973), known mononymously as Esham, is an American rapper from Detroit, Michigan. Emerging as one of the first ever hip hop artists from Detroit, Esham released his debut studio album, Boomin' Words from Hell, in 1989 at the age of 16. Since then, he has gone on to release 21 full-length studio albums in total and is best known as a representative of the hip hop subgenre horrorcore. In 1992, he co-founded the horrorcore group Natas. He and his brother James Smith founded and ran the Detroit hip hop label Reel Life Productions.

As one of the first rappers to receive attention in the city, Esham was often cited as a major influence on another Detroit horrorcore act, Insane Clown Posse. Esham is known for incorporating elements of rock music in his beats, and his lyrics cover a number of subjects, including death, drug use, evil, paranoia and sex. Esham refers to his style of music as "acid rap".
6th Guldbagge Awards
The 6th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, honored the best Swedish films of 1968 and 1969, and took place on 13 October 1969. The White Game directed by Grupp 13 was presented with the award for Best Film.

Guldbagge Award for Best Film
The Guldbagge for Best Film is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to the best Swedish motion picture of the year.
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid
6-Hydroxykynurenic acid is a constituent of ginkgo and an amino acid. It is a derivative of kynurenic acid and has similarly been found to antagonize AMPA and NMDA, as well as their corresponding receptors.

Kynurenic acid
Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan. It has been shown that kynurenic acid possesses neuroactive activity. It acts as an antiexcitotoxic and anticonvulsant, most likely through acting as an antagonist at excitatory amino acid receptors. Because of this activity, it may influence important neurophysiological and neuropathological processes. As a result, kynurenic acid has been considered for use in therapy in certain neurobiological disorders. Conversely, increased levels of kynurenic acid have also been linked to certain pathological conditions.

Kynurenic acid was discovered in 1853 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in dog urine, which it was apparently named after.

It is formed from L-kynurenine in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase.
2022 European Open
The 2022 European Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the seventh edition of the European Open and part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the 2022 ATP Tour. It took place at the Lotto Arena in Antwerp, Belgium, from 17 October until 23 October 2022.

European Open (tennis)
The BNP Paribas Fortis European Open (officially since 2025) is a men's ATP Tour 250 tennis tournament that takes place in Brussels, Belgium. It was introduced for the 2016 ATP World Tour. The tournament took place in Antwerp from 2016 to 2024.
South Ogden, Utah
South Ogden is a city in Weber County, Utah, United States with 17,199 residents. The population was 17,488 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The current mayor is Russell L. Porter.

Clearfield, Utah
Clearfield is a city in Davis County, Utah, United States. The population was 31,909 at the 2020 census. The city grew rapidly during the 1940s, with the formation of Hill Air Force Base, and in the 1950s with the nationwide increase in suburb and "bedroom" community populations and has been steadily growing since then.

Clearfield is a principal city of the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area, which includes all of Davis, Morgan, and Weber counties.
Magyar Cserkészszövetség
Magyar Cserkészszövetség (Hungarian Scout Association), the primary national Scouting organization of Hungary, was founded in 1912, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990. The coeducational Magyar Cserkészszövetség had 12,937 members in 2021.

4th World Scout Jamboree
The 4th World Scout Jamboree (Hungarian: 4. Cserkész Világdzsembori), a gathering of Boy Scouts from all over the world, was hosted by Hungary and held from 2 to 13 August 1933. It was attended by 25,792 Scouts, representing 46 different nations and additional territories. They encamped around the Royal Palace in the Royal Forest of Gödöllő, about 11 miles (18 kilometres) from the capital of Budapest.
Radio 1's Weekend Breakfast Show
Radio 1's Weekend Breakfast Show is a radio show that is broadcast on BBC Radio 1 on weekends. It's currently hosted by James Cusack from MediaCity in Salford.

Weekend Breakfast was an extension of Radio 1 Breakfast which, before June 2018, aired on weekdays from 6:30 to 10am, while the weekend show aired on Saturdays and Sundays. In June 2018, Radio 1 decided to incorporate the Friday breakfast show into the station's weekend schedule, using the weekend presenters. In November 2020, the BBC announced changes to the Radio 1 schedules, meaning Matt Edmondson and Mollie King would move from weekend breakfast to weekend afternoons to replace Dev, who left the station in December 2020, and that the weekend breakfast show would only be broadcast on weekends. As of January 2021, they started airing on Fridays as well.

Matt Edmondson
Matthew Edmondson (born 27 December 1985) is a British television and Sony Award-nominated radio presenter, best known for his work with BBC Radio 1 and ITV2.

Edmondson currently presents the weekday afternoon show on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 1 pm to 3:30 pm with Mollie King on Radio 1. In 2016, he co-presented The Xtra Factor alongside Rylan Clark on ITV2.
Stuart Mustow
Stuart Norman Mustow CBE (26 November 1928 – 2 June 2019) was a British civil engineer.  Mustow has a long association with municipal engineering, being county surveyor of the West Midlands from 1974 to 1986.  He was involved in the development of the M5 and M6 motorways and in bringing the Birmingham Inner Ring Road under the control of his county (rather than the city authority).  Mustow retired from municipal work in 1986 to enter private practice and was later a director at WS Atkins.  Mustow was president of the Institution of Municipal Engineers and of the Institution of Civil Engineers and was a fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Institution of Municipal Engineers
The Institution of Municipal Engineers (IMunE) was a professional association for municipal engineers in the United Kingdom.  Founded in 1873, the institution grew following the expansion in municipal engineering roles under the Public Health Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 55). It was incorporated in 1890 and received a royal charter in 1948.  The IMunE was a founding member of the Council of Engineering Institutions in 1964 and by the later 20th-century was responsible for examining most British building inspectors.   The IMunE merged with the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1984.
Ryan Mmaee
Ryan Mmaee A'Nwambeben Kabir (Arabic: ريان ماي; born 1 November 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Omonia. Born in Belgium, he represents Morocco internationally.

Mmaee began his professional career in 2015 with Standard Liège, making his debut at the age of 17. Disagreements with the club management saw him loaned out to Waasland-Beveren and Danish side AGF. He moved to Cyprus in 2019 joining AEL Limassol. After scoring 17 goals in 2020–21 he earned a move to Hungarian champions Ferencváros in July 2021. He spent two seasons with Ferencváros, winning back-to-back league titles and a Magyar Kupa before signing for English side Stoke City in July 2023.

S.K. Beveren
Sportkring Beveren (SK Beveren) is a Belgian professional association football club based in Beveren, East Flanders. The club is affiliated with the founded number 4068 and has yellow and blue as its colours. The team was founded in 1936 in Haasdonk and joined the Belgian Football Association in 1944 as FC Red Star Haasdonk. In 2002, the club moved to Sint-Niklaas and changed its name to KV Red Star Waasland. From 2010, it continued to play in Beveren under the name KVRS Waasland - SK Beveren until 2022, when it was renamed Sportkring Beveren. They play in the Challenger Pro League.
A Symphony of Cities
A Symphony of Cities is an album by percussionist Famoudou Don Moye and bassist Tatsu Aoki. It was recorded in 2000 at Sparrow Sound Design in Chicago, Illinois, and was released on CD in 2002 by Southport Records. On the album, Moye and Aoki are joined by saxophonist Francis Wong and flutist Joel Brandon.

Francis Wong
Francis Wong (Chinese: 王世明; pinyin: Wáng Shìmíng) is an American jazz saxophonist, flutist, and erhu player.

Wong is of Chinese descent; his father is from Shanghai and his mother is Cantonese. He specializes in the fusion of free jazz and Asian musics, and is a central member in the Asian American jazz movement. He has worked with Glenn Horiuchi, Jon Jang, John Tchicai, James Newton, Cecil Taylor, Anthony Brown, and Liu Qi-Chao.  He and Jon Jang founded Asian Improv Records in 1987 (now Asian Improv aRts) and both have recorded albums for the label.

Wong lives in South San Francisco, California.
La Negra Formation
La Negra Formation (Spanish: Formación La Negra) is a geologic formation of Jurassic age, composed chiefly of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, located in the Coast Range of northern Chile. The formation originated in marine and continental (terrestrial) conditions, and bears evidence of submarine volcanism as well as large explosive eruptions. The volcanism of La Negra Formation is thought to have lasted for about five million years.

The formation has a thickness of about 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) with the type section being a 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) thick exposure in Quebrada La Negra next to Antofagasta. La Negra Formation deposited diachronously along a series of intra-arc basins and overlies conformably the formations of Pan de Azúcar and Posada de los Hidalgo. The formation is intruded by plutons of varied composition including gabbro and granite.

Gabbro
Gabbro (/ˈɡæbroʊ/ GAB-roh) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic (magnesium- and iron-rich),  intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro has the same chemical composition and mineralogy as rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term gabbro may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". It is often called "black granite" commercially, just as other intrusive rocks are called "granite" in the dimension stone industry. By rough analogy, gabbro is to basalt as granite is to rhyolite.
Mary Sheffield
Mary Sheffield (born June 9, 1987) is an American politician who is serving as the 76th mayor of Detroit since January 2026. A member of the Democratic Party, she is the first woman to serve as mayor of Detroit. She previously served on the Detroit City Council from 2014 to 2026, and was president of City Council from 2022 to 2026, as the youngest person ever to hold that office.

Detroit City Council
The Detroit City Council is the legislative body of Detroit, Michigan, United States.  The full-time council is required to meet every business day for at least 10 months of the year, with at least eight of these meetings occurring at a location besides city hall. The Detroit City Council most recently elected James Tate to be its president. The council may convene for special meetings at the call of the mayor or of at least four members of council.
Mount Hope, Missouri
Mount Hope (also spelled (Mounthope) is an unincorporated community in southeastern Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is located on Missouri Route 47 approximately six miles southeast of Saint Clair and the community of Lonedell is 2.5 miles to the east-northeast.

Lonedell, Missouri
Lonedell is an unincorporated community in southeastern Franklin County, Missouri, United States. It is at the intersection of Route 30 and routes N and FF and approximately eight miles east of St. Clair. The Little Meramac River flows just south of the community.

A post office called Lone Dell was established in 1879, and the spelling was changed to Lonedell in 1895. The community was named for the remote dell in which it is located.  The ZIP Code for Lonedell is 63060.
JETLAG gene
Jet or Jetlag is a gene discovered in Drosophila and other insects. They are a part of the SCF (SKP1–Cullin1–F-box protein) family of ubiquitin ligases that plays a huge role in the circadian pathway by controlling the degradation of TIM, a circadian regulatory protein. The gene plays an important role in resetting the circadian clock by transmitting light from CRY (circadian photoreceptor) to TIM (a clock protein). Jetlag mutants have been found to impede re-entrainment due to significantly reduced ability to degrade TIM. The F-box protein of the FBXL family named FBXL15 is JET's mammalian homolog.

F-box protein
F-box proteins are proteins containing at least one F-box domain. The first identified F-box protein is one of three components of the SCF complex, which mediates ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome.
Phil Airey
Philip Airey (born 14 November 1991) is an English retired footballer who played as a striker. Airey has played for Premier League club Newcastle United, Scottish Premier League club Hibernian, Blyth Spartans and on loan at Whitley Bay.

Blyth Spartans A.F.C.
Blyth Spartans Association Football Club is an association football club based in Blyth, Northumberland. They are currently members of Northern Premier League Division One East and play at Croft Park.

They were founded in September 1899 by Fred Stoker, who was the club's first secretary before forming a practice as a distinguished physician in London's Harley Street. He thought it appropriate to name the team after the Greek Spartan army in the hope that the players would give their all as they went into 'battle' on the field of play. The club is most notable for its 1977–78 FA Cup campaign, in which they went all the way to the fifth round, eventually losing to Wrexham in a replay at St James' Park.