hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frances P. Ruane
Frances P. Ruane, MRIA, is an Irish academic economist and former director of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Dublin, Ireland 2006−2015. She is recognised for her research on FDI  and its effect on host economies. She has also been a regular appointee to State and public policy boards and committees, including most recently acting as Chair of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland (2016-2019) and the National Competitiveness Council (since 2019).

Economic and Social Research Institute
The Economic and Social Research Institute (Institiúid Taighde Eacnamaíochta agus Sóisialta in Irish) is an Irish research institute founded in 1960 to provide evidence-based research used to inform public policy debate and decision-making.  The research of the institute focuses on the areas of sustainable economic growth and social progress. Martina Lawless is the Director of the institute.
Kimi Onoda
Kimi Onoda (Japanese: 小野田 紀美, Hepburn: Onoda Kimi; born 7 December 1982) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. She has been Minister of State for Economic Security, Science and Technology Policy, Space Policy, and Intellectual Property Strategy since 2025 within Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's cabinet while being the youngest minister within the cabinet. She is a member of the House of Councillors representing Okayama.

She had previously served as Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Defense from 2022 to 2023 under Second Kishida Cabinet and Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Justice from 2020 to 2021 under the Suga Cabinet.

Okayama Prefecture
Okayama Prefecture (岡山県, Okayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [o.kaꜜ.ja.ma, o.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,815,165 (1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km2 (2,746 sq mi). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to the north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west.

Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki, Tsuyama, and Sōja. Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku, which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge, while the north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains.
5.1 surround sound
5.1 surround sound ("five-point one") is the common name for surround sound audio systems. 5.1 is the most commonly used layout in home theatres. It uses five full-bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel (the "point one"). Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro Logic II, DTS, and SDDS are all common 5.1 systems. 5.1 is also the standard surround sound audio component of digital broadcast and music.

All 5.1 systems use the same speaker channels and configuration, having a front left (FL) and front right (FR), a center channel (CNT), two surround channels (surround left - SL and surround right - SR) and the low-frequency effects (LFE) channel designed for a subwoofer.

Sony Dynamic Digital Sound
Sony Dynamic Digital Sound (Japanese: ソニー・ダイナミック・デジタル・サウンド, Hepburn: Sonī Dainamikku Dejitaru Saundo; SDDS) is a cinema sound system developed by Sony, in which compressed digital sound information is recorded on both outer edges of the 35mm film release print. The system supports up to eight independent channels of sound: five front channels, two surround channels and a single sub-bass channel. The eight channel arrangement is similar to large format film magnetic sound formats such as Cinerama and Cinemiracle. The five front channels are useful for very large cinema auditoriums where the angular distance between center and left/right channels may be considerable. SDDS decoders provide the ability to downmix to fewer channels if required.
Howard D. White
Howard D. White (born June 15, 1936 in Salt Lake City, Utah) is a scientist in library and information science with a focus on informetrics and scientometrics.

He has published on bibliometrics and co-citation analysis, evaluation of reference services, expert systems for reference work, innovative online searching, social science data archives, library publicity, American attitudes toward library censorship, and literature retrieval for meta-analysis and interdisciplinary studies.

After taking his Ph.D in librarianship at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1974, White joined the Drexel University College of Information Science and Technology, where he is now professor emeritus.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Olst-Wijhe
Olst-Wijhe (pronounced [ɔlst ˈʋɛiə] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Overijssel, eastern Netherlands. It borders the Overijssel municipalities of Zwolle to the north, Raalte to the north and east and Deventer to the south; and the Gelderland municipalities of Voorst, Epe and Heerde to the west.

Zwolle
Zwolle (Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede, and has a population of 132,441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel.
Nosy Be
Nosy Be (Malagasy pronunciation: [nusʲ be]; formerly Nossi-bé and Nosse Be, lit. 'big island') is a volcanic island off the northwest coast of Madagascar. Nosy Be is Madagascar's largest and busiest tourist destination. It has an area of 320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi), and its population was 109,465 according to the provisional results of the 2018 Census.

Nosy Be means "big island" in the Malagasy language. The island was called Assada by the French during the early 17th century. Nosy Be has been given several nicknames over the centuries, including "Nosy Manitra" (the scented island).

Volcanic island
Geologically, a volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin. The term high island can be used to distinguish such islands from low islands, which are formed from sedimentation or the uplifting of coral reefs (which have often formed on sunken volcanoes).
Kurt Suzuki
Kurtis Kiyoshi Suzuki (Japanese: 鈴木 清, born October 4, 1983) is an American baseball manager and former catcher who is the manager for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Oakland Athletics, Washington Nationals, Minnesota Twins, Atlanta Braves, and Angels.

Before playing professionally, Suzuki attended Cal State Fullerton, and in 2004, won the College World Series and the Johnny Bench and Brooks Wallace awards. That year, the Athletics selected him in the second round of the MLB draft, and Suzuki made his MLB debut in 2007. He was named an MLB All-Star in 2014 as a member of the Twins while hitting a career-best .288. In 2019, Suzuki caught for the Nationals as they won the World Series.

Brooks Wallace Award
The Brooks Wallace Award is an award given by the College Baseball Foundation (CBF) to the best college baseball shortstop of the year. The award has been given annually since 2004. Until 2008 the award was presented to the nation's most outstanding player; however, in 2009 the recipient list was changed to only include shortstops. It is named after former Texas Tech shortstop and assistant coach Brooks Wallace, who died of cancer in 1985 at the age of 27.
Montgomery Village Shopping Center
Montgomery Village is an open-air shopping center in Santa Rosa, California. Located an hour north of San Francisco, the center is situated directly on Highway 12, which connects the Sonoma and Napa Valleys with the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and the Sierra Nevada Foothills.

Montgomery Village features over 280,000 square feet (26,000 m2) of retail space and is home to over 60 shops, services and eateries, including Apple, lululemon, Rise Cycle Co., Avid Coffee, Sonoma Outfitters, Sur La Table, Copperfield's Books, and See's Candies.

California State Route 12
State Route 12 (SR 12) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that travels in an east–west direction from SR 116 in Sebastopol in Sonoma County to SR 49 just north of San Andreas in Calaveras County. The route connects the Sonoma and Napa valleys with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and the Sierra Foothills. It is constructed to freeway standards from the Fulton Road/South Wright Road stoplight in Santa Rosa, to its partial interchange with Farmers Lane (also in Santa Rosa).
Kamshat Donenbaeva
Kamshat Baigazinovna Donenbaeva (Kazakh: Кәмшат Байғазықызы Дөненбаева; Kämşat Baiğazyqyzy Dönenbaeva, [kʰæmʂæt tʰønʲenbαjiva]; 15 September 1943 – 9 November 2017) was a Kazakhstani agricultural laborer, who served as a deputy in the Supreme Soviet from 1974 to 1989. For exceeding production goals, she was awarded the Order of Lenin twice and in 1975 received the Hero of Socialist Labour medal.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Zach McKinstry
Zachary McKinstry (born April 29, 1995) is an American professional baseball utility player for the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago Cubs. In 2025, McKinstry was named to his first All-Star game.

2025 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
The 2025 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 95th Major League Baseball All-Star Game played between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball. The game was played on July 15, 2025, and was televised nationally by Fox. The game was hosted by the Atlanta Braves at Truist Park in Cumberland, Georgia.

The two teams played to a 6–6 tie after nine innings, causing the "swing-off" tiebreaker rule, originally implemented in 2022, to be invoked for the first time in the history of the All-Star Game. The National League won the tiebreaker 4–3 (and the game by a de facto score of 7–6), with Philadelphia Phillies designated hitter Kyle Schwarber hitting three home runs for the National League during the tiebreaker and winning the All-Star Game MVP award for his efforts.
Newsical
Newsical (styled "NEWSical") is a musical with music, lyrics, and book written by Rick Crom. In ever-changing songs and sketches, it lampoons current events, hot topics, celebrities, politicians, and other well-known entities. New songs are added on a continual basis to keep up with the headlines.

The musical began with a cabaret production in 2002 before moving Off-off-Broadway in 2004. In 2009 producer Tom D'Angora opened a new edition at Theater Row.  It won the Off-Broadway Alliance Award for Best Musical and over the years received several Drama Desk nominations. In 2022 the show played at The Majestic Repertory Theatre in Las Vegas before transferring to the V Theater located in the Miracle Mile Shops at Planet Hollywood.

Off-off-Broadway
Off-off-Broadway theaters are smaller New York City theaters than Broadway and off-Broadway theaters, and usually have fewer than 100 seats. The off-off-Broadway movement began in 1958 as part of a response to perceived commercialism of the professional theatre scene and as an experimental or avant-garde movement of drama and theatre. Over time, some off-off-Broadway productions have moved away from the movement's early experimental spirit.
Ivory Tower (1998 film)
Ivory Tower is a 1998 American drama film about young people trying to enter the computer industry in Silicon Valley. The film was directed by Darin Ferriola, and stars Michael Ironside, Patrick Van Horn, Kari Wührer, and James Wilder.

Kari Wuhrer
Kari Samantha Wuhrer (born April 28, 1967) is an American singer, model and actress. She is known for her time as hostess of the MTV game show Remote Control (1988–1989), her portrayals of Abby Holland on USA Network's Swamp Thing (1991–1992), and Maggie Beckett on the Fox/Syfy series Sliders (1997–2000). Wuhrer has appeared in horror films such as Thinner (1996), Anaconda (1997), Eight Legged Freaks (2002), King of the Ants (2003), The Hitcher II: I've Been Waiting (2003), Hellraiser: Deader (2004), two entries in the Prophecy series (both 2005), and Sharknado 2: The Second One (2014). She portrayed Agent Tanya in cutscenes of Westwood Studios' real-time strategy video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 and its subsequent expansion pack, Yuri's Revenge. Her final screen appearance was in the 2018 made-for-television movie Fiancé Killer.
Ames Project
The Ames Project was a research and development project that was part of the larger Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was founded by Frank Spedding from Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa  as an offshoot of the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago devoted to chemistry and metallurgy, but  became a separate project in its own right. The Ames Project developed the Ames Process, a method for preparing pure uranium metal that the Manhattan Project needed for its atomic bombs and nuclear reactors. Between 1942 and 1945, it produced over 1,000 short tons (910 t) of uranium metal. It also developed methods of preparing and casting thorium, cerium and beryllium. In October 1945 Iowa State College received the Army-Navy "E" Award for Excellence in Production, an award usually only given to industrial organizations. In 1947 it became the Ames Laboratory, a national laboratory under the Atomic Energy Commission.

Ames process
The Ames process is a process by which pure uranium metal is obtained. It can be achieved by mixing any of the uranium halides (commonly uranium tetrafluoride) with magnesium metal powder or aluminium metal powder.
Tom Kotchman
John Thomas Kotchman (born August 14, 1954) is an American retired professional baseball infielder, scout, coach and minor-league manager.  Kotchman spent 48 years in organized baseball, the majority of them in the minor-league organizations of the Los Angeles Angels and Boston Red Sox.

In his final position, he spent a decade (2014–2019, 2021–2024) as the manager of Boston's rookie-level affiliate, currently known as the Florida Complex League Red Sox. In addition, he served as a cross-checker who scouted the state of Florida for the major-league Red Sox. The 2024 season was Kotchman's 44th and last as a minor-league manager.

Florida Complex League Red Sox
The Florida Complex League Red Sox are a professional baseball team competing in the rookie-level Florida Complex League (FCL) of Minor League Baseball. The team is owned and operated by the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). Prior to 2021, the team was known as the Gulf Coast League Red Sox. The team is located in Fort Myers, Florida, and plays its home games at JetBlue Park in the Fenway South complex.

The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball, either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, among other countries. Injured players from the major-league Red Sox and their minor-league system occasionally play rookie-level games as their first step on a rehabilitation assignment.
Agios Stefanos railway station
Agios Stefanos railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Αγίου Στεφάνου, romanized: Sidirodromikós Stathmós Agíou Stefánou)  is a station on the Piraeus–Platy railway line in the northern part of the Athens metropolitan area, in the municipal unit of Agios Stefanos of the municipality of Dionysos, East Attica, Greece. It was inaugurated on 8 March 1904 and reopened on 6 May 2005. It is owned by OSE, but service are provided by Hellenic Train, through the Athens Suburban Railway from Athens to Chalcis. The station was the setting for 1954 Greek film Neither Cat nor Damage, starring Vasilis Logothetidis.

Hellenic Railways Organisation
The Hellenic Railways Organisation or OSE (Greek: Οργανισμός Σιδηροδρόμων Ελλάδος, romanized: Organismos Sidirodromon Ellados or Greek: Ο.Σ.Ε.) was the Greek national railway company which owned, maintained and operated all railway infrastructure in Greece with the exception of Athens' rapid transit lines from 1971 to 2025. Services on these lines are run by Hellenic Train, a former OSE subsidiary, Rail Cargo Logistics Goldair, Pearl and Grup Feroviar Român.
Megistaspis
Megistaspis (Greek for "largest shield") is a genus of asaphid trilobites that lived throughout the Early and Middle Ordovician. Megistaspis was common throughout the Early and Middle Ordovician of Baltoscandia, but specimens have also been found in Australia, France, Germany, Morocco, and the United States. Appendages and a digestive system of M. hammondi have been preserved; it likely served as a mixed detritivore, producing Cruziana rugosa trace fossils. Meanwhile, Megistaspis hyorrhina may have burrowed below the sediment, using a swelling on the head to detect pressure changes. Megistaspis is also notable as it displays a large degree of morphological variation as a result of environmental conditions like ocean depth and substrate. The genus plays an important part in the biostratigraphy of Ordovician Baltoscandia, with several biozones being named after Megistaspis species.

Early Ordovician
The Early Ordovician is the first epoch of the Ordovician period, corresponding to the Lower Ordovician series of the Ordovician system. It began after the Age 10 of the Furongian epoch of the Cambrian and lasted from 486.85 to 471.3 million years ago, until  the Dapingian age of the Middle Ordovician. It includes Tremadocian and Floian ages.
Luke Matheson (footballer)
Luke Alexander Matheson (born 3 October 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for National League North club Macclesfield.

A product of the youth team at Rochdale, he made his first team debut at the age of 15 and became the club's youngest ever player. At the age of 16 he scored an equaliser against Manchester United in an EFL Cup game at Old Trafford to take the game to a penalty shootout. He earned a move to Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers, and was loaned to Rochdale and then Ipswich Town, Hamilton Academical and Scunthorpe United. In 2023, he left Wolves without making a senior appearance and moved to Bolton Wanderers. At Bolton, he made seven appearances, all in cup competitions, and scored once, while being loaned to Bohemians and Alfreton Town. He is a former England U17 and England U18 international with a combined total of six caps.

England national under-17 football team
The England national under-17 football team, also known as England under-17s or England U17(s), represents England in football at an under-17 age level and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England. They are currently coached by Liam Bramley.
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for conditions such as obstructed defecation syndrome, internal rectal prolapse, and rectocele. Circular surgical staplers are used to resect (remove) sections of the wall of the rectum via the anus. The defects are then closed with surgical staples. A modification of the technique is Contour Transtar. The average age of patients undergoing STARR is about 55 years, and 83% of procedures are carried out on females.

The procedure is controversial. The results of many thousands of STARR procedures have been published in research. Proponents state that the procedure is simple, minimally invasive, safe, and effective. Skeptics argue that the complications may be significant (fecal urgency, urge fecal incontinence) or rarely even life-threatening. There is a general trend away from STARR towards ventral rectopexy for surgical treatment of obstructed defecation syndrome.

Obstructed defecation
Obstructed defecation syndrome (abbreviated as ODS, with many synonymous terms) is a major cause of functional constipation (primary constipation), of which it is considered a subtype. It is characterized by difficult and/or incomplete emptying of the rectum with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per week. Normal definitions of functional constipation include infrequent bowel movements and hard stools. In contrast, ODS may occur with frequent bowel movements and even with soft stools, and the colonic transit time may be normal (unlike slow transit constipation), but delayed in the rectum and sigmoid colon.
Shirley Neilsen Blum
Shirley Hopps Neilsen Blum, also known as Shirley Hopps (born 14 October 1932) is an American art historian, author, gallerist, and professor emeritus at the State University of New York, Purchase (1970–1989). She specializes in Northern Renaissance art, early Netherlandish art, and modern art. In the 1950s through the 1960s, she was active in the Los Angeles gallery scene, and she co-founded and co-ran Ferus Gallery.

State University of New York at Purchase
Purchase College, officially the State University of New York at Purchase and also commonly referred to as SUNY Purchase, is a public liberal arts college in Purchase, New York. Established in 1967 by Governor Nelson Rockefeller, SUNY Purchase is one of 13 comprehensive colleges in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Deoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA. The role of the DNase enzyme in cells includes breaking down extracellular DNA (ecDNA) excreted by apoptosis, necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) of cells to help reduce inflammatory responses that otherwise are elicited. A wide variety of deoxyribonucleases are known and fall into one of two families (DNase I or DNase II), which differ in their substrate specificities, chemical mechanisms, and biological functions. Laboratory applications of DNase include purifying proteins when extracted from prokaryotic organisms. Additionally, DNase has been applied as a treatment for diseases that are caused by ecDNA in the blood plasma. Assays of DNase are emerging in the research field as well.

Phosphodiester bond
In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO−2O−C.  Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in other biomolecules, e.g. acyl carrier proteins, phospholipids and the cyclic forms of GMP and AMP (cGMP and cAMP).