hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tasmin Mahfuz
Tasmin Mahfuz (born May 28, 1987) is an American television journalist and news anchor. In December 2015, Mahfuz, a Gracie award recipient, joined WDVM, formerly known as WHAG, as an evening news anchor, making her the first Bengali-American woman to anchor a nightly newscast. She then left in 2024 and is currently working at WGAL as the 4 pm and 10 pm anchor.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Kokand
Kokand (/ˈkoʊkænd/ KOH-kand) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. Administratively, Kokand is a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlement Muqimiy. The population of Kokand as of 2022 was approximately 259,700. The city lies 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed "City of Winds".

Kokand is at the crossroads of the two main ancient trade routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.

Khujand
Khujand, sometimes spelled Khodjent and formerly known as Leninabad from 1936 to 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan and the capital of Tajikistan's northernmost Sughd province.

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, dating back about 2,500 years to the Persian Empire. Situated on the Syr Darya river at the mouth of the Fergana Valley, Khujand was a major city along the ancient Silk Road. After being captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BC, it was renamed Alexandria Eschate and has since been part of various empires in history, including the Umayyad Caliphate (8th century), the Mongol Empire (13th century) and the Russian empire (19th century). Today, the majority of its population are ethnic Tajiks and the city is close to the present borders of both Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Çağla Yaman
Çağla Yaman, aka Çağla Yılmaz, (born April 1, 1981) is a Turkish women's handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for İzmir BB GSK, and the Turkey national team. The 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)-tall sportswoman plays in the center back position.

Turkey women's national handball team
The Turkey women's national handball team is the national handball team of Turkey for women and is managed by the Turkey Handball Federation.

The team achieved second place in Mediterranean Games in 2009 and championship in Islamic Solidarity Games in 2022. The team is being coached by Costică Buceschi from Romania in 2023. Turkey qualified for the country's first European Women's Handball Championship in 2024. Two years later, they will take part as co-host in 2026.
Pressure head
In fluid mechanics, pressure head is the height of a liquid column that corresponds to a particular pressure exerted by the liquid column on the base of its container. It may also be called static pressure head or simply static head (but not static head pressure).

Mathematically this is expressed as:

where

Psi (Greek) is pressure head (which is actually a length, typically in units of meters or centimetres of water)

is fluid pressure (i.e. force per unit area, typically expressed in pascals)

is the specific weight (i.e. force per unit volume, typically expressed in N/m3 units)

is the density of the fluid (i.e. mass per unit volume, typically expressed in kg/m3)

is acceleration due to gravity (i.e. rate of change of velocity, expressed in m/s2).

Note that in this equation, the pressure term may be gauge pressure or absolute pressure, depending on the design of the container and whether it is open to the ambient air or sealed without air.

Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI). It is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is an SI coherent derived unit defined as one newton per square metre (N/m2). It is also equivalent to 10 barye (10 Ba) in the CGS system. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar.

The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101325 Pa.
Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1,013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada, these reports are given in kilopascals.
Nağaybäk
Nağaybäks (/ˈnɑːɡaɪbæks/ NAH-gy-baks) are an ethnoreligious group of Volga Tatars in Russia, recognized as a separate people under Russian legislation. Most Nağaybäks live in the Nagaybaksky and Chebarkulsky Districts of the Chelyabinsk Oblast. They speak a sub-dialect of the Tatar language's middle dialect known as the Nagaibak dialect. Russian and Tatar historians usually treat the Nağaybäks as an integral part of Volga Tatars; a minority considers Nağaybäks a separate ethnicity in their own right. In the 1989 Russian census, 11,200 people identified themselves as Nağaybäks, falling to 9,600 in 2002.

Nagaybaksky District
Nagaybaksky District (Russian: Нагайба́кский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 3,022 square kilometers (1,167 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Fershampenuaz. Population: 20,927 (2010 Census); 24,310 (2002 Census); 25,959 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Fershampenuaz accounts for 20.9% of the district's total population.
Kurt Suzuki
Kurtis Kiyoshi Suzuki (Japanese: 鈴木 清, born October 4, 1983) is an American baseball manager and former catcher who is the manager for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Oakland Athletics, Washington Nationals, Minnesota Twins, Atlanta Braves, and Angels.

Before playing professionally, Suzuki attended Cal State Fullerton, and in 2004, won the College World Series and the Johnny Bench and Brooks Wallace awards. That year, the Athletics selected him in the second round of the MLB draft, and Suzuki made his MLB debut in 2007. He was named an MLB All-Star in 2014 as a member of the Twins while hitting a career-best .288. In 2019, Suzuki caught for the Nationals as they won the World Series.

Buster Posey Award
The Buster Posey Award, formerly known as the Johnny Bench Award, was created in 2000 to honor college baseball's top catcher in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The award is administered by the Wichita Sports Commission and presented after the conclusion of the College World Series.

Originally named for Johnny Bench, it was renamed in 2019 after Johnny Bench announced the creation of his own national award for amateur catchers. The commission reviewed the statistics of the prior winners and unanimously chose to rename the award after Buster Posey.

Schools nominate their catchers during the season to create the official watch list. A select committee of 20 individuals narrows the watch list down to the semifinalists. Two rounds of voting by Division I head coaches determine the three finalists and eventual recipient of the Buster Posey Award. The current holder of the award is Caden Bodine.
July Mass Uprising Day
July Mass Uprising Day (Bengali: জুলাই গণ-অভ্যুত্থান দিবস, romanized: Julāi Gônô-Ôbhyutthān Dibôs) is a national holiday in Bangladesh that is celebrated on 5 August annually from 2025, commemorating the July Revolution.

On 5 August 2024, as a result of the July Revolution, prime minister Sheikh Hasina resigned, bringing an end to her 15-year rule, which later became known as 36 July. In January 2025, the proposed allocation of business of the Directorate of July Mass Uprising included mention of observing the day, which was subsequently approved. Thereafter, on 25 June 2025, the day was classified as a national day, and on 2 July, it was declared a public holiday.

Directorate of July Mass Uprising
The Directorate of July Mass Uprising (Bengali: জুলাই গণ-অভ্যুত্থান অধিদপ্তর) is a directorate of the Ministry of Liberation War Affairs of Bangladesh. It was formally established on April 30, 2025, with the gazette publication of the "July Uprising Martyr Families and July Fighters Welfare and Rehabilitation Ordinance 2025" published by the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs.

It was earlier formed as the July Mass Uprising Cell. It maintains the list and information of martyrs in the July Uprising, provide government-determined one-time and monthly financial assistance to the martyr families and injured fighters, and arrange for the rehabilitation of martyr family members and injured fighters. It will work towards the welfare of the martyrs and injured persons and their rehabilitation.
Giry monad
In mathematics, the Giry monad is a construction that assigns to a measurable space a space of probability measures over it, equipped with a canonical sigma-algebra. It is one of the main examples of a probability monad.

It is implicitly used in probability theory whenever one considers probability measures which depend measurably on a parameter (giving rise to Markov kernels), or when one has probability measures over probability measures (such as in de Finetti's theorem).

Like many iterable constructions, it has the category-theoretic structure of a monad, on the category of measurable spaces.

Markov kernel
In probability theory, a Markov kernel (also known as a stochastic kernel or probability kernel) is a map that in the general theory of Markov processes plays the role that the transition matrix does in the theory of Markov processes with a finite state space.
.22 caliber
.22 caliber, or 5.6 mm, refers to a common firearms bore diameter of 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) in both rimfire and centerfire cartridges.

Cartridges in this caliber include the very widely used .22 Long Rifle and .223 Remington/5.56×45mm NATO.

.22 inch is also a popular air gun pellet caliber, second only to the ubiquitous .177 caliber.

.223 Remington
The .223 Remington, also known as 223 Remington by SAAMI  and 223 Rem. by the C.I.P., (pronounced "two-two-three") is a rimless, bottlenecked, centerfire intermediate cartridge. It was developed in 1957 by Remington Arms and Fairchild Industries for the U.S. Continental Army Command of the United States Army as part of a project to create a small-caliber, high-velocity firearm. Firing a .2245 in (5.70 mm) projectile, the .223 Remington is considered one of the most popular common-use cartridges and is used by a wide range of semi-automatic and manual-action rifles.
Enamel fracture
An enamel fracture is when the outermost layer of the tooth is cracked, without damaging the inner layers including the dentine or pulp. This can happen from trauma such as a fall where the teeth are impacted by a hard object causing a chip to occur.

The term “craze lines” and "enamel infraction" are also used to describe minute incomplete cracks exclusive to the enamel surface.

Pulp (tooth)
Odontoblast layer;

Cell-free zone of Weil;

Cell-rich zone;

Pulp core

The pulp is the connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and odontoblasts that comprise the innermost layer of a tooth. The pulp's activity and signalling processes regulate its behaviour.
Lester Bower
Lester Leroy Bower Jr. (November 20, 1947 – June 3, 2015) was an American man executed for the 1983 murders of four men in Grayson County, Texas. Bower spent 31 years on death row and received six stays of execution. He was executed at the Texas State Penitentiary, aged 67, becoming the oldest prisoner executed by Texas since 1976, until the execution of 70-year-old Billie Coble in 2019.

Huntsville Unit
Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville or Huntsville Unit (HV), nicknamed "Walls Unit", is a Texas state prison located in Huntsville, Texas, United States. The approximately 54.36-acre (22.00 ha) facility, near downtown Huntsville, is operated by the Correctional Institutions Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The facility, the oldest Texas state prison, opened in 1849.

The unit houses the execution chamber of the State of Texas. It is the most active execution chamber in the United States, with 597 (as of January 28, 2025) executions since 1982, when the death penalty was reinstated in Texas (see Lists of people executed in Texas).
Águilas Doradas
Águilas Doradas is a professional Colombian football team based in Rionegro that currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. Although the club plays its home games at the Alberto Grisales stadium in Rionegro, it has been previously based in Itagüí, Pereira, and Sincelejo. The club also has a futsal team.

Liga DIMAYOR
The Liga DIMAYOR, commonly referred to as Liga BetPlay Dimayor due to sponsorship by online betting company BetPlay, is a professional association football league in Colombia and the highest level of the Colombian football league system.

A total of twenty clubs compete in the league's regular season. División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano, better known as DIMAYOR, organizes the competition and operates the league system of promotion and relegation for both Liga DIMAYOR and Torneo DIMAYOR leagues. Since its foundation in 1948, sixteen teams have been crowned as Colombian football champions. The most successful club is Atlético Nacional with 18 titles. The league was ranked as the 11th strongest national league in the world at the end of 2023 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics.
Dhirubhai Ambani International School
The Dhirubhai Ambani International School (DAIS) is a private co-educational LKG-15 day school in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, built by Reliance Industries, named after the late patriarch of the conglomerate, Dhirubhai Ambani. The school was established in 2003 and has been an IB World School since January 2003. It offers the International Baccalaureate Program in its Diploma form. Nita Ambani, wife of Mukesh Ambani is the chairperson of the school.

The school prepares students for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, the International General Certificate of Secondary Education and the IB Diploma examinations.

Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
The Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) is an academic qualification awarded by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, a private, non-governmental board of education in India. The CISCE conducts these examinations to assess students' performance in a course of general education, offered through the medium of English, and aligned with the recommendations of the New Education Policy 2020. The board facilitates these examinations for affiliated schools across various states and union territories, ensuring standardized evaluation and representation.
Desmoglein-2
Desmoglein-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSG2 gene. Desmoglein-2 is highly expressed in epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Desmoglein-2 is localized to desmosome structures at regions of cell-cell contact and functions to structurally adhere adjacent cells together. In cardiac muscle, these regions are specialized regions known as intercalated discs. Mutations in desmoglein-2 have been associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.

Intercalated disc
Intercalated discs or lines of Eberth are microscopic identifying features of cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle consists of individual heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) connected by intercalated discs to work as a single functional syncytium. By contrast, skeletal muscle consists of multinucleated muscle fibers and exhibits no intercalated discs. Intercalated discs support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work like a pump. They occur at the Z line of the sarcomere and can be visualized easily when observing a longitudinal section of the tissue.
Gaboro
Ninos Moses Khouri (20 December 2000 – 19 December 2024), better known as Gaboro, was a Swedish rapper and songwriter.

Gaboro was considered a rising star in the Swedish hip-hop scene. He wore a distinct black ski mask featuring the Syriac-Aramean eagle, representing his ethnicity, along with sunglasses in his music videos, which became his trademark image. He was murdered in a gang shooting in his hometown in December 2024.

Aramean-Syriac flag
The Aramean flag or Syriac-Aramean flag is the flag of the Syriac-Aramean people. A first version, similar to the current one, was developed in 1980 by Bahro Suryoyo ("Syriac light"), a Syriac journal part of the Syrianska Riksförbundet i Sverige (English: Syriac Federation in Sweden). The current version was developed in early 1982.

The World Council of Arameans, an international non-government organization, approved of the flag on July 16, 1983, in New Jersey. The design was based on the Winged sun symbol, replacing the sun with a torch symbolising the Holy Spirit in Christianity.
Sam Davis (rugby league)
Sam Davis (born 11 November 1998) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the London Broncos in the Betfred Championship.

He has previously played for London in the Championship and the Super League, and spent time on loan from the Broncos at the Coventry Bears in League 1. Davis has also previously played for the Salford Red Devils in the Super League and the York City Knights in the RFL Championship. He has spent time on loan at the London Broncos in the second tier.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
Barriga de freira
Barriga de freira (lit. 'nun's belly') is a traditional Portuguese sweet egg yolk-based pudding. The name is an idiom on the ingredients typically found in conventual sweets made by the religious sisters at convents historically―egg yolks, sugar, and almonds. Another variation of barriga de freira is served as a turnover or empanada using the same pudding for a filling.

Barriga de Freira was created as early as the 15th or 16th century in the monasteries and convents in Lisbon. The dish was first created by the nuns in the province of Beira Litoral in the 17th century.

Turnover (food)
A turnover is a small pie, made by placing a filling on a piece of pastry or viennoiserie dough. The dough is then folded over and sealed, and is then cooked by either baking or frying. Turnovers can be sweet or savoury and are often eaten as a sort of portable meal or dessert. Throughout the world, turnovers are known by different names. For example, in Spanish-speaking countries they are known as empanadas, while pasty, originally a Cornish term, has spread across the globe.

It is common for sweet turnovers to have a fruit filling and be made with a puff pastry or shortcrust pastry dough and covered with icing. Savoury turnovers generally contain meat, vegetables or a mixture of both, and can be made with any sort of pastry dough. Savoury turnovers are often sold as convenience foods in supermarkets.
Israeli Women's Cup
The Israeli Women's Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה נשים, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) is the annual knock-out tournament of women's football teams in Israel. It is equivalent to the men's Israel State Cup, and organized by the Israel Football Association (IFA). Its first season was played in 1998–99. As of 2020 Maccabi Holon had won the most titles, winning for the ninth time in 2012–13.

Israel Football Association
The Israel Football Association (IFA; Hebrew: ההתאחדות לכדורגל בישראל HaHiṯəʼaḥăḏūṯ ləKaddūreḡel bəYiśrāʼēl, lit. 'The Association of Football in Israel') is the governing body of football in Israel. It organizes a variety of association football leagues where the highest level is the Israeli Premier League; as well as national cups such as the Israel State Cup, the Toto Cup, and the Israel Super Cup; also, the Israel national football team. The IFA was originally founded in 1928, in Mandatory Palestine, and is based in Ramat Gan.
Marcus H. Holcomb
Marcus H. Holcomb (November 28, 1844 – March 5, 1932) was an American politician who served as the 66th governor of Connecticut, the attorney general of Connecticut, and as a member of the Connecticut Senate.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Billy Brennan
William Patrick Brennan (13 January 1934 – 8 March 2020) was an ice hockey player who played in Scotland and for the Great Britain national ice hockey team. He is a member of the British Ice Hockey Hall of Fame.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.