hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Domenico Morelli
Domenico Morelli (4 August 1823 – 13 August 1901) was an Italian painter, who mainly produced historical and religious works. Morelli was immensely influential in the arts of the second half of the 19th century, both as director of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Naples, but also because of his rebelliousness against institutions: traits that flourished into the passionate, often patriotic, Romantic and later Symbolist subjects of his canvases. Morelli was the teacher of Vincenzo Petrocelli, Ulisse Caputo, and Anselmo Gianfanti.

Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli
The Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli (Naples Academy of Fine Arts) is a university-level art school in Naples. In the past it has been known as the Reale Istituto di Belle Arti and the Reale Accademia di Belle Arti. Founded by King Charles VII of Naples in 1752, it is one of the oldest art schools in Italy, and offers various levels of study up to and including the equivalent of an Italian laurea (the country's main post-secondary academic degree). It is located one block south of the church of Santa Maria di Costantinopoli, on the via of the latter church's name.
Natalia Górriz
Natalia Górriz de Morales (Chimaltenango, 21 July 1868 – ?) was a Guatemalan teacher, pedagogue, and the founder of the Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas (the Central Normal Institute for Young Ladies) in 1888. In 1892, the government of General José María Reina Barrios promoted her to the post of Inspector General of Girls' Schools in Guatemala City. She wrote a book dedicated to Christopher Columbus in honor of that year's fourth centenary of his landing. Her teaching career was put on hold when she married Próspero Morales, in 1894, but after his death in 1898, she started teaching again.

Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén
Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén or Instituto Belén is an institution of secondary education in Guatemala, specializing in the training of teachers in urban primary education. It was established on 20 January 1875, and is based in Guatemala City.
Mannosidosis
Mannosidosis is a deficiency in mannosidase, an enzyme. There are two types: alpha-mannosidosis and beta-mannosidosis. Both disorders are related to the lysosome and have similar presentation; the former is caused by defective lysosomal α-mannosidase and the latter by defective lysosomal β-mannosidase. In both cases, the defect causes accumulation of oligosaccharides rich in mannose in the neural tissue and organ tissue. Both alpha- and beta-mannosidosis are known to result from autosomal recessive genetic mutations.

Α-Mannosidase
α-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24, α-D-mannosidase, p-nitrophenyl-α-mannosidase, α-D-mannopyranosidase, 1,2-α-mannosidase, 1,2-α-D-mannosidase, exo-α-mannosidase) is an enzyme involved in the cleavage of the α form of mannose. Its systematic name is α-D-mannoside mannohydrolase.
Becraft Formation
The Becraft Formation is a geologic formation of marine sedimentary rock found in New York State.  The Becraft is a part of the lower Devonian Helderberg Group and conformably overlies the New Scotland Formation and is overlain by the Alsen Formation throughout the lower Hudson Valley of New York State. The formation is Gedinnian in age. Outcrops of the formation are found from the New York-New Jersey border to the Helderbergs of Albany County, New York and as far west as Schoharie County, New York. The thickness of the formation varies from around 3 meters in Canajoharie to 8 meters thick in Albany and swells to 27 meters near Kingston.     The Becraft Formation is named for Becraft Mountain in western Columbia County, New York where it prominently crops out.

Helderberg Group (geology)
The Helderberg Group is a geologic group that outcrops in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and West Virginia. It also is present subsurface in Ohio and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Nova Scotia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Early Devonian and Late Silurian period. The name was coined by T.A. Conrad (1839) in the New York State Geological Survey Annual Report, named for the Helderberg Escarpment or Helderberg Mountains.

The upper portion of the Helderberg, or the Kalkberg Formation is host to the Bald Hill ash bed, dated to 417.6 million years ago.

The Helderberg is composed chiefly of limestone and dolomite.

In Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, the Helderberg is divided into three formations. These are the New Creek Limestone, the Corriganville Limestone, and the Mandata Shale. The total thickness is about 60 feet (18 m). The formations weather easily and are poorly exposed except in cuts and quarries.
La Gomera Airport
La Gomera Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de La Gomera) (IATA: GMZ, ICAO: GCGM) is an airport located near the town of Playa Santiago on the island of La Gomera in the Canary Islands, 34 km (21 mi) southwest by road from the island's capital city, San Sebastián de la Gomera.

Although the runway was completed in 1994, the terminal did not open until 1999. As of August 2019, there are two return flights per day to Tenerife North and two return flights per day to Gran Canaria.

Although 34 km (21 mi) from the island capital, the airport was located here to avoid disturbing the Garajonay National Park and avoid the cloudier and foggier climate to the North of the island. Whilst the volcanic terrain gives few suitable sites anywhere on La Gomera, this site required extensive embankments at both ends of the runway.

La Gomera
La Gomera (Spanish: [la ɣoˈmeɾa] ⓘ) is one of Spain's Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of 370.03 km2 (142.87 sq mi), it is the third-smallest of the archipelago's eight main islands. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La Gomera is the third least populous of the eight main Canary Islands, with 22,361 inhabitants at the start of 2023. Its capital is San Sebastián de La Gomera, where the cabildo insular (island council) is located.
Nina Virchenko
Nina Opanasivna Virchenko (Ukrainian: Ніна Опанасівна Вірченко; born May 5, 1930) is a Ukrainian mathematician, academic, author, and member of the Ukrainian resistance movement. While a student in Kyiv in 1948, she was arrested on charges of Ukrainian nationalism, and was a political prisoner in a gulag in Eastern Siberia for six years.

On her return to Kyiv, she was able to return to university in 1956, going on to graduate school in 1961. She went on to study mathematics and become a professor of mathematics at Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. Virchenko was finally awarded her PhD in 1988, with a dissertation on integral equations. As well as mathematical studies, she has published on the history of mathematics and repressed mathematicians in Ukraine, as well as books for the general public.

Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
The Kyiv Polytechnic Institute (abbr.  KPI, Ukrainian: Київський політехнічний інститут, КПІ, romanized: Kyivskyi politekhnichnyi instytut; official full title National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute") is a national public technological university in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Farouk Gaafar
Farouk Gaafar (Arabic: فاروق جعفر; born 29 October 1952) is an Egyptian football manager and former football player. Nicknamed "Roo'a" and King of Midfield (Arabic: ملك النص), he played as a midfielder for Zamalek and the Egypt national team. He was a talented midfielder, constantly in the starting lineup for the national team. Gaafar finished seventh in the African Player of the Year, by France Football in 1975 and eighth in 1977. Following his retirement, Gaafar managed Egypt during 1996 and 1997 and later El Geish club.

African Footballer of the Year
The African Footballer of the Year award, presented annually to the best African footballer, has been conferred by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) since 1992. It has been included as part of the CAF Awards ceremony since 2000.

Samuel Eto'o and Yaya Touré have won the award the most times (four wins each). Two-time winner Didier Drogba is the player with the most runner-up appearances (four), most third place finishes (third), and most appearances in the top three (nine).

The France-born Frédéric Kanouté, Riyad Mahrez and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, England-born Ademola Lookman and Spain-born Achraf Hakimi are the only European-born players to win the award (both Kanouté and Aubameyang initially featured for France's U21 squad before going on to represent Mali and Gabon, respectively). The winner of the 2025 edition was Achraf Hakimi.
35th Virginia Cavalry Battalion
The 35th Virginia Cavalry Battalion, also known as White's Battalion, White's Rebels and the Comanches, was a Confederate cavalry unit during the American Civil War raised by Elijah V. White in Loudoun County, Virginia in the winter of 1861-62. The battalion was initially raised as border guards along the Potomac River below Harpers Ferry but were ultimately mustered into regular service as part of the Laurel Brigade.  Despite this, they continued to play a conspicuous role in the ongoing partisan warfare in Loudoun throughout the war.  The battalion was particularly notable during the 1863 Gettysburg campaign, when it played a prominent role in the Battle of Brandy Station and subsequently conducted a series of raids on Union-held railroads and defensive positions in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The 35th was the first Confederate unit to enter Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Fahmi Aliman
Mohd Fahmi bin Aliman (born 1972) is a Singaporean businessman, politician and former army colonel who served as Mayor of South East District from 2020 to 2025. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Geylang Serai division of Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency (GRC) from 2020 to 2025.

South East Community Development Council
The South East Community Development Council is one of five Community Development Councils (CDCs) set up across the Republic of Singapore to aid in local administration of governmental policies and schemes. They are funded in part by the government although they are free to engage in fund-raising activities.

The South East Community Development Council (CDC) was set up on 24 November 2001. Spanning the scenic eastern Coast of Singapore, the South East District is home to more than 551,000 residents. The District includes some of the island's most vibrant, historical and beautiful neighbourhoods, such as Geylang Serai, Joo Chiat, Bedok, Marine Parade and Serangoon Central.
Temco T-35 Buckaroo
The Temco T-35 Buckaroo (company designation TE-1) was designed in the late 1940s as an extremely low-cost trainer for commercial and military markets. Temco's failure to secure a United States Air Force order for the Buckaroo forced it to turn to non-U.S. governments to keep the production lines going, yet only a few export orders materialized.

Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
The Beechcraft T-34 Mentor is an American propeller-driven, single-engined, military trainer aircraft derived from the Beechcraft Model 35 Bonanza. The earlier versions of the T-34, dating from around the late 1940s to the 1950s, were piston-engined. These were eventually succeeded by the upgraded T-34C Turbo-Mentor, powered by a turboprop engine. The T-34 remains in service more than seven decades after it was first designed.
Château de Crussol
The Château de Crussol is a mostly-ruined 12th century limestone castle in the commune of Saint-Péray that dominates the valley of Rhône, just opposite Valence in the Ardèche département, Rhône-Alpes région of France.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Cladia
Cladia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. Cladia species have a crustose or squamulose (scaly) primary thallus and a fruticose, secondary thallus, often referred to as pseudopodetium. The type species of the genus, Cladia aggregata, is widely distributed, occurring in South America, South Africa, Australasia and South-East Asia to southern Japan and India. Most of the other species are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Fruticose lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship of a photobiont such as green algae or less commonly cyanobacteria and one, two or more mycobionts.  Fruticose lichens are not a monophyletic and holophyletic lineage, but are a form encountered in many classes.  Fruticose lichens have a complex vegetation structure, and are characterized by an ascending, bushy or pendulous appearance. As with other lichens, many fruticose lichens can endure high degrees of desiccation. They grow slowly and often occur in habitats such as on tree barks, on rock surfaces and on soils in the Arctic and mountain regions.
Common Ground: Dave & Phil Alvin Play and Sing the Songs of Big Bill Broonzy
Common Ground: Dave & Phil Alvin Play and Sing the Songs of Big Bill Broonzy is a studio album by rock musicians Dave and Phil Alvin, released in 2014. The album is a tribute to the songs of Big Bill Broonzy; the brothers credit him with writing the first rockabilly song.

The album peaked at No. 144 on the Billboard 200. It was nominated for a Grammy, in the "Best Blues Album" category.

Dave Alvin
David Albert Alvin (born November 11, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer. He is a former and founding member of the roots rock band the Blasters. Alvin has recorded and performed as a solo artist since the late 1980s and has been involved in various side projects and collaborations. He has had brief stints as a member of the bands X and the Knitters. He often refers to himself as "Blackjack Dave," in reference to his 1998 album and song of the same name.
Douglas Hamilton
General Douglas Hamilton (8 April 1818 – 20 January 1892) was a British Indian Army officer, gazetted to the 21st Regiment of the Madras Native Infantry from 1837 to 1871. He was a well known surveyor of the early British hill stations in South India and a famous sportsman, shikari, big-game hunter and trophy collector. He was an acute observer of nature and a gentleman. He legitimately shot more game in the Nilgiri Hills than any other sportsman.

Presidency armies
The presidency armies were the armies of the three presidencies of the East India Company's rule in India,  later the forces of the British Crown in India, composed primarily of Indian sepoys. The presidency armies were named after the presidencies: the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army. Initially, only Europeans served as commissioned or non-commissioned officers. In time, Indian Army units were garrisoned from Peshawar in the north, to Sind in the west, and to Rangoon in the east. The army was engaged in the wars to extend British control in India (the Mysore, Maratha and Sikh wars) and beyond (the Burma, Afghan, First and Second Opium Wars, and the Expedition to Abyssinia).

The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the Company until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when the Crown took over the Company and its three armies. In 1895, the three presidency armies were merged into a united Indian Army.
Nikki McCray-Penson
Nikki Kesangane McCray-Penson (née McCray; December 17, 1971 – July 7, 2023) was an American basketball player and coach. She was the head coach of the Mississippi State Bulldogs women's basketball team from 2020 to 2021 and a professional basketball player from 1996 to 2006. She played in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) for eight seasons. In 2008 after leaving the WNBA, McCray joined the coaching staff as an assistant coach for the South Carolina Gamecocks. McCray-Penson was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012.

South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball
The South Carolina Gamecocks women's basketball team represents the University of South Carolina and competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Under head coach Dawn Staley, the Gamecocks have been one of the most dominant powerhouse programs in the country, winning NCAA Championships in 2017, 2022, and 2024, in addition claiming the SEC regular season championship 10 times and SEC tournament championship  9 times between the 2013-14 season to the 2025-26 season, essentially ruling the conference for over a decade. The program also enjoyed success under head coach Nancy Wilson during the 1980s in the Metro Conference, when it won five regular season conference championships and three conference tournament championships.  The Gamecocks have the second most NCAA Championships, regular season conference championships, and conference tournament championships of any team in the SEC, trailing only Tennessee.
Su Ze
Su Ze (died 223), courtesy name Wenshi, was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Born in the late Eastern Han dynasty, he started his career as the Administrator of various commanderies in northwest China and is best known for governing Jincheng Commandery (covering parts of present-day Gansu and Qinghai) between 215 and 220. During his tenure, he rebuilt the war-torn commandery, gained the support of local non-Han Chinese tribes, opened up trade along the Hexi Corridor, and suppressed rebellions in the neighbouring Xiping, Wuwei, Jiuquan and Zhangye commanderies. After the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, Su Ze served in the Cao Wei state under its first ruler, Cao Pi, as a Palace Attendant. An upright and outspoken man, he did not hesitate to speak up when he disagreed with Cao Pi, who became wary of him. In 223, Su Ze died of illness while travelling to present-day Shandong to assume a new appointment.

Wuwei, Gansu
Wuwei (Chinese: 武威; pinyin: Wǔwēi) is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.
Morze Bałtyk Szczecin
KS Morze Bałtyk Szczecin was a Polish volleyball team based in Szczecin, founded in 1973. Two–time Polish Champion (1985, 1987). In 2014, the club was replaced by Espadon Szczecin, later known as Stocznia Szczecin.

PlusLiga
The PlusLiga is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition featuring volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Polska Liga Siatkówki SA (PLS SA). It is currently a 14 teams league from October to April/May. The regular season is followed by playoffs, with the winner earning the Polish Championship (Polish: Mistrzostwo Polski). It is one of the best volleyball leagues in Europe, being highly ranked in the international competitions.

The league in its current form was founded in 2000 and was originally known as Polska Liga Siatkówki (Polish Volleyball League). Since 2008 it is named PlusLiga after a mobile phone network brand, Plus.
Library and information scientist
A library and information scientist, also known as a library scholar, is a researcher or academic who specializes in the field of library and information science and often participates in scholarly writing about and related to library and information science. A library and information scientist is neither limited to any one subfield of library and information science nor any one particular type of library. These scientists come from all information-related sectors including library and book history.

Library and information science
Library and information science (LIS) are two academic disciplines that study all aspects of the creation, organization, documentation, management, communication, and use of recorded information. It underlies a variety of professional activities such as information management, librarianship, and archiving and records management, educating professionals for work in those areas, and carrying out research to improve practice.

Library science and information science are two original disciplines; however, they are within the same field of study. Library science is applied information science, as well as a subfield of information science. Due to the strong connection, sometimes the two terms are used synonymously.
Ed Marinaro
Ed Marinaro (born March 31, 1950) is an American actor and former professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minnesota Vikings. He played college football for the Cornell Big Red, where he was a unanimous All-American and won the Maxwell Award in 1971.

From 2010 to 2011, Marinaro starred in the football comedy series Blue Mountain State. He is also known as a regular cast member of Hill Street Blues, playing Officer Joe Coffey for five seasons (1981–1986).

Maxwell Award
The Maxwell Award is presented annually to the college football player judged by a panel of sportscasters, sportswriters, and National Collegiate Athletic Association head coaches and the membership of the Maxwell Football Club to be the best all-around in the United States. The award is named after Robert "Tiny" Maxwell, a Swarthmore College football player, coach, and sportswriter. Johnny Lattner (1952, 1953) and Tim Tebow (2007, 2008) are the only players to have won the award twice. It is the college equivalent of the Bert Bell Award of the National Football League, also given out by the Maxwell Club.
Pennsylvania Petroleum Railroad
The Pennsylvania Petroleum Railroad was a railroad in Pennsylvania originally chartered in 1871, during the Pennsylvania oil rush. Intended to provide an additional outlet from the Pennsylvania oil fields to Erie, Pennsylvania, it graded about ten miles of line in 1872, but was then caught up in the collapse of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, which halted the project. The company was foreclosed and reorganized under new names many times, but accomplished relatively little. It laid a short segment of line in 1890 in Titusville, Pennsylvania which was leased to a subsidiary of the New York Central to be used as a siding to a tannery. Further construction took place in 1913 with the idea of opening it as an electric railway to Cambridge Springs, but this, too, was never completed.

Titusville, Pennsylvania
Titusville is a city in the far eastern corner of Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,262 at the 2020 census. Titusville is known as the birthplace of the American oil industry and for a number of years was the leading oil-producing region in the world. It was also notable for its lumber industry, including 17 sawmills, as well as its plastic and toolmaking industries. It is part of the Meadville micropolitan area.