hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anna Bijns
Anna Bijns or Anna Byns (1493 in Antwerp – 1575 in Antwerp) was a Flemish poet who wrote in the Dutch language.  She was an educator and the administrator of a primary school in Antwerp until the age of 80.  Even while as a woman she was denied membership of a local chamber of rhetoric, she was able to publish her works and find widespread recognition for her literary talent among her contemporaries. She is the first author in Dutch-language literature who mainly owed her success to the recently invented printing press. Her works were reprinted multiple times during her lifetime.  In the religious conflicts of her time she chose the side of the Catholic Church and expressed in her poems sharp criticism of the teachings of Martin Luther.  She is also known for her verses criticising the institution of marriage.

Chamber of rhetoric
Chambers of rhetoric (Dutch: rederijkerskamers) were dramatic societies in the Low Countries. Their members were called Rederijkers (singular Rederijker), from the French word 'rhétoricien', and during the 15th and 16th centuries were mainly interested in dramas and lyrics. These societies were closely connected with local civic leaders and their public plays were a form of early public relations for the city.
Ranjit Atapattu
Ranjith Kanishka Parakrama Atapattu (29 April 1933 – 8 January 2018) was a Sri Lankan physician and politician. He was the Minister of Health in Sri Lanka from 1982 to 1989 and Minister of Labour and Social Welfare from 1989 to 1990.

Ministry of Health (Sri Lanka)
The Ministry of Health (Sinhala: සෞඛ්‍ය අමාත්‍යාංශය, romanized: Saukhya Amāthyānshaya; Tamil: சுகாதார அமைச்சு, romanized: Cukātāra Amaiccu) is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for health. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on health, nutrition, indigenous medicine and other subjects which come under its purview.

Provincial councils are constitutionally responsible for operating the majority of the Sri Lanka's public hospitals but some, known as line ministry hospitals, come under the direct control of the central government in Colombo. As of 2016 there were 47 line ministry hospitals (including all of the country's teaching hospitals), accounting for 47% (36,000) of all public hospital beds in the country.

The current Minister of Health portfolio is held by Prime Minister Dr Harini Amarasuriya since 2024.
Brendan Howlin
Brendan Howlin (born 9 May 1956) is an Irish former Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from 2016 to 2020, Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wexford constituency from 1987 to 2024. He also served as a Senator from 1983 to 1987, after being nominated by the Taoiseach.

Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation
The Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation (Irish: An tAire Caiteachais Phoiblí, Bonneagair, Athchóiriúcháin Seirbhíse Poiblí agus Digitiúcháin) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation.

The Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation since January 2025 is Jack Chambers, TD.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Kevin "Boxer" Moran, TD – Minister of State for the Office of Public Works; and

Emer Higgins, TD – Minister of State for public procurement, digitalisation and eGovernment.

The office was created in July 2011, taking over some of the functions of the Minister for Finance.
2012 Men's World Junior Squash Championships
The 2012 Men's World Junior Squash Championships is the men's edition of the 2012 World Junior Squash Championships, which serves as the individual world Junior championship for squash players. The event took place at the Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex in Doha in Qatar from 7 to 12 July 2012. Marwan El Shorbagy won his second World Junior Open title, defeating Mohamed Abouelghar in the final round.

World Squash Junior Championships
The World Squash Junior Championships is the junior world championship of squash conducted by World Squash. Players aged under 19 can participate. The event used to be hosted biennially but has been held annually since 2009.
Salem Junction railway station
Salem Junction railway station (station code: SA) is an NSG–2 category Indian railway station in Salem railway division of Southern Railway zone. It serves the city of Salem in Tamil Nadu. It is one of the major transit points in Southern India.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Standard Chartered Tanzania
Standard Chartered Tanzania, whose official name is Standard Chartered Bank Tanzania Limited, but is often referred to as Stanchart Tanzania, is a commercial bank in Tanzania, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Standard Chartered. It is one of the banks licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the national banking regulator.

The bank serves retail customers, corporate customer, and medium to large business enterprises. As of December 2011, it was the fifth-largest commercial bank in Tanzania, by assets, with an estimated asset base of US$793.1 million (TZS:1.24 trillion).

Standard Chartered
Standard Chartered PLC is a British multinational bank with operations in wealth management, corporate and investment banking, and treasury services. Despite being headquartered in the United Kingdom, it does not conduct retail banking in the UK, and around 90% of its profits come from Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Standard Chartered has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has secondary listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India, and OTC Markets Group Pink. Its largest shareholder is the Government of Singapore–owned Temasek Holdings. The Financial Stability Board considers it a systemically important bank.

Maria Ramos is the group chair of Standard Chartered. Bill Winters is the current group chief executive.
Fer-de-Lance (novel)
Fer-de-Lance by Rex Stout is the first Nero Wolfe detective novel, published in 1934 by Farrar & Rinehart, Inc. The novel appeared in abridged form in The American Magazine (November 1934) under the title "Point of Death". The novel was adapted for the 1936 film Meet Nero Wolfe, and it was named after a venomous snake with the same name. In his seminal 1941 work, Murder for Pleasure, crime fiction historian Howard Haycraft included Fer-de-Lance in his definitive list of the most influential works of mystery fiction.

Farrar & Rinehart
Farrar & Rinehart (1929–1946) was a United States book publishing company founded in New York. Farrar & Rinehart enjoyed success with both non-fiction and novels, notably, the landmark Rivers of America Series and the first ten books in the Nero Wolfe corpus of Rex Stout. In 1943 the company was recognized with the first Carey-Thomas Award for creative publishing presented by Publishers Weekly.
Skaar (character)
Skaar is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in stories featuring his father, the Hulk, who conceived Skaar with the extraterrestrial Caiera during the 2006–2007 "Planet Hulk" storyline. Created by writer Greg Pak and artist John Romita Jr., the earliest version of the character appeared in a cameo in an alternate history story in What If? Planet Hulk #1 (cover-dated December 2007), in which the character was drawn by Rafa Sandoval. The Earth-616 version of the character appeared in World War Hulk #5 (January 2008), by Pak and Romita.

The character has been adapted into various media outside comics. He first appeared in animated form in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (2013–2015), where he is voiced by Benjamin Diskin and depicted as unrelated to the Hulk. Additionally, Wil Deusner portrayed Skaar in a cameo appearance in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022).

John Romita Jr.
John Salvatore Romita (/rəˈmiːtə/; born August 17, 1956) is an American comics artist best known for his extensive work for Marvel Comics from the 1970s to the 2020s. He is the son of artist John Romita Sr.
Luisa Wilson
Luisa Wilson San Román (born 5 August 2005) is a Mexican ice hockey player who plays in the U18 AA league of the Ontario Women's Hockey Association (OWHL) with the North York Storm Prep U18 AA in the North York district of Toronto, Canada.

Wilson won the gold medal with her team in the girls' 3x3 mixed tournament at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland, on January 15, 2020, making her the first Mexican to do so. She also competed at the 2020 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship – Division II Group B where she won a bronze medal with the Mexican national under-18 team.

Mexico women's national under-18 ice hockey team
The Mexico women's national under 18 ice hockey team is the national under-18 ice hockey team in Mexico. The team represents Mexico at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's U18 Division I Group B - Qualifications.
Harley Bascom Ferguson
Harley Bascom Ferguson (August 14, 1875 – August 29, 1968) was a United States Army officer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He served in several conflicts including the Spanish–American War and World War I, and he received the Distinguished Service Medal.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
Albion United Reformed Church, Nottingham
Albion Congregational Church, subsequently Albion United Reformed Church and now New Albion, is a Grade II listed former church on Sneinton Road in Nottingham, England. Completed in 1856 to the designs of Thomas Oliver and William Booker, the church served as a major Congregational chapel in Sneinton before joining the United Reformed Church in the early 1970s and eventually closing for worship in 1986. It was later converted into residential accommodation.

United Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church (URC) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom. As of 2024 it had approximately 44,000 members in around 1,250 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.

The URC is a Trinitarian church whose theological roots are distinctly Reformed and whose historical and organisational roots are in the Presbyterian traditions and Congregational traditions. Its Basis of Union contains a statement concerning the nature, faith and order of the United Reformed Church which sets out its beliefs in a condensed form.
Mevlüt Uysal
Mevlüt Uysal (born 1966, Alanya) is a Turkish politician and lawyer who was the mayor of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality from September 2017 to April 2019.

After completing the primary and middle school in Antalya, he studied law at Istanbul University and graduated in 1988.

Uysal worked as a freelance lawyer and has been engaged in active politics. He co-founded the district organization of Justice and Development Party (AKP) in Küçükçekmece, Istanbul Province. Following the merger of Bahçeşehir and Başakşehir neighborhoods forming the Başakşehir district, he was elected district mayor of Başakşehir in the 2009 local elections on March 29. He was re-elected in the 2014 local elections.

He was nominated as the Mayor of Istanbul from the AKP after Mayor Kadir Topbaş resigned from his post on September 22, 2017. Uysal was elected the new mayor in the third round in the Council of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality on September 28, 2017.

Uysal is married and father of four.

Mayor of Istanbul
The mayor of Istanbul is the head of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The mayor is elected popularly every five years. Nuri Aslan has served as interim mayor of Istanbul since 26 March 2025.

This article covers the Ottoman Empire to the modern day Republic of Turkey, during the Ottoman period and in the Republican era until c. 1930.
Indic computing
Indic Computing means "computing in Indic", i.e., Indian Scripts and Languages. It involves developing software in Indic Scripts/languages, Input methods, Localization of computer applications, web development, Database Management, Spell checkers, Speech to Text and Text to Speech applications and OCR in Indian languages.

Unicode standard version 15.0 specifies codes for 9 Indic scripts in Chapter 12 titled "South and Central Asia-I, Official Scripts of India". The 9 scripts are Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil and Telugu.

A lot of Indic Computing projects are going on. They involve some government sector companies, some volunteer groups and individual people.

Brahmic scripts
The Brahmic scripts, also known as Indic scripts, are a family of abugida writing systems. They are descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India and are used by various languages in several language families in South, East and Southeast Asia: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, and Tai. They were also the source of the dictionary order (gojūon) of Japanese kana.
Robert Helliwell
Robert A. Helliwell (September 2, 1920 – May 3, 2011) was an electrical engineer and professor at Stanford University. He was one of the pioneering scientists in the study of whistlers and related ionospheric phenomena.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Mokotów Tollhouses
The Mokotów Tollhouses (Polish pronunciation: [mɔˈkɔ.tuf]; Polish: Rogatki Mokotowskie) are two Neoclassical tollhouse pavilions in Warsaw, Poland, within the Mokotów district. They are placed on both sides of the Puławska Street at the Union of Lublin Square. The tollhouses were designed by Jakub Kubicki and opened in 1818.

Puławska Street, Warsaw
Puławska Street (Polish: Ulica Puławska) is one of the main streets of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It links the southern City Centre and the southern boroughs of Mokotów and Ursynów with the suburb of Piaseczno.

The street is named after the city of Puławy, Poland.
Choto Mate Kudasai!
"Choto Mate Kudasai!" (チョトマテクダサイ！, "Wait a little bit, please!") is the 9th major single by the Japanese girl idol group S/mileage. It was released in Japan on February 1, 2012 on the label Hachama.

The physical CD single debuted at number 2 in the Oricon daily singles chart.

In the Oricon weekly chart, it debuted at number six.

Up-Front Group
Up-Front Group Co., Ltd. (株式会社アップフロントグループ, Kabushiki gaisha Appu-Furonto Gurūpu) is a Japanese holding company for various entertainment companies. Its subsidiaries include the talent agency Up-Front Promotion and Up-Front Works, a music production and sales company that manages such record labels as Zetima, Piccolo Town, and Hachama.
Asterix and Cleopatra
Asterix and Cleopatra (French: Astérix et Cléopâtre) is a French comic book story, written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo. It is the sixth story in the Asterix comic book series, and was originally published by Dargaud as a serial for Pilote magazine in 1963, before later being released as a comic album in 1965.

The story focuses on Asterix and Obelix accompanying their village's druid, Getafix, to Ancient Egypt, in order to help an architect friend of his complete a major construction project that will allow Cleopatra to win a bet against Julius Caesar.

The comic received two film adaptations - an animated film of the same name in 1968, and a live-action film, Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra, in 2002. An audiobook adaptation was also published by Hodder and Stoughton.

Asterix and Cleopatra (film)
Asterix and Cleopatra (French: Astérix et Cléopâtre) is a 1968 Belgian–French animated comedy film; it is the second Asterix adventure to be made into a feature film. Overseen by Asterix creators Goscinny and Uderzo (who had no involvement in the production of the first film, Asterix the Gaul and in their director debuts), the film is noticeably more well-produced than its predecessor, featuring far more detailed animation and a more polished soundtrack.

Asterix and Cleopatra is practically a musical, featuring three individual song sequences and a more varied score than the earlier film. Elements of satire and surreal humour (such as Cleopatra's singing lion and the engraving of Santa Claus on the pyramid wall) are prominent throughout.
Holmegård (manor house)
Holmegaard is a manor house and estate situated close to Fensmark, Næstved Municipality, some 60 km south of Copenhagen, Denmark. The three-winged, half-timbered main building was constructed for Claus Oludsen Daa in 1635. The estate was acquired by Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Samsøe in 1801 and has remained in the hands of his descendants since then. Holmegaard Glass Factory was established by his widow Henriette Danneskiold-Samsøe in 1825. The main building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918. The estate covers 1,724 hectares of land (including Juellinge and Tryggevælde).

Henriette Danneskiold-Samsøe
Johanne Henriette Valentine Danneskiold-Samsøe née Kaas (12 August 1776 – 28 July 1843) was a Danish countess who, when widowed, fulfilled her former husband's plans by founding the Holmegaard Glass Factory near Næstved in 1825. In so doing, she became one of Denmark's most notable early businesswomen. Danneskiold-Samsøe is also remembered for the correspondence she maintained with her former tutor Peder Deichmann.
June Sutor
Dorothy June Sutor (6 June 1929 – 27 May 1990) was a New Zealand-born crystallographer who spent most of her research career in England. She was one of the first scientists to establish that hydrogen bonds could form to hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms. She later worked in the laboratory of Kathleen Lonsdale on the characterisation and prevention of urinary calculi.

Kathleen Lonsdale
Dame Kathleen Lonsdale DBE FRS (née Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was an Irish crystallographer, pacifist, and prison reform activist. She proved, in 1929, that the benzene ring is flat by using X-ray diffraction methods to elucidate the structure of hexamethylbenzene. She was the first to use Fourier spectral methods while solving the structure of hexachlorobenzene in 1931. During her career she attained several firsts for female scientists, including being one of the first two women elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1945 (along with Marjory Stephenson), first female professor at University College London, first woman president of the International Union of Crystallography, and first woman president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Ronald Pellar
Ronald Pellar (February 5, 1930 – June 1, 2013) was an American hypnotist and fraudster who performed under the stage names Ronald Dante and Dr. Dante and who was briefly married to actress Lana Turner. He was convicted of or pleaded guilty to several criminal offenses, including mail fraud in connection with his operation of the diploma mill Columbia State University and attempted murder for trying to contract for the murder of another hypnotist and entertainer. As of 2006, he had been listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for 20 years for having been paid the highest-ever lecture fee. He was known by as many as 40 aliases, including Phil Harris, Earl Clevenger, and Bonnie Ritchie.

Plea
In law, a plea is a defendant's response to a criminal charge. A defendant may plead guilty or not guilty. Depending on jurisdiction, additional pleas may be available, including nolo contendere (no contest), no case to answer (in the United Kingdom), or an Alford plea (in the United States).

Under common law systems, a defendant who pleads guilty will be convicted if the court                                                                                                                       accepts the plea. The court will then determine and impose a sentence. Plea bargaining involves discussions between the prosecutor and defendants to reach an agreement for a guilty plea in exchange for a more lenient punishment.

In civil law jurisdictions, a confession by the defendant is treated like any other piece of evidence. A full confession does not prevent a full trial or relieve the prosecutor from presenting a case to the court.