hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 in poetry
Major poetry related events taking place worldwide during 2021 are outlined below under different sections. This includes poetry books released during the year in different languages, major literary awards, poetry festivals and events, besides anniversaries and deaths of renowned poets etc. Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, India or France).

Indian poetry
Indian poetry and Indian literature in general, has a long history dating back to Vedic times. They were written in various Indian languages such as Vedic Sanskrit, Classical Sanskrit, Ancient Meitei, Modern Meitei, Telugu, Tamil, Odia, Maithili, Kannada, Bengali, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi and Urdu among other prominent languages. Poetry in foreign languages such as English also has a strong influence on Indian poetry. The poetry reflects diverse spiritual traditions within India. In particular, many Indian poets have been inspired by mystical experiences. Poetry is the oldest form of literature and has a rich written and oral tradition.
Fender amplifier
Fender amplifiers are electric instrument amplifiers produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation.  The first guitar amplifiers attributed to Leo Fender were manufactured by the K&F Manufacturing Corporation (K&F) in 1945. Later, Fender began building its own line of electric guitars. Fender amplifiers would become favorites of guitarists like Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Stevie Ray Vaughan, also known in these cases for playing Fender guitars.

Fender amps have come in many configurations and styles. The early K&F and Fender amplifiers relied upon vacuum tube circuitry, with solid-state models appearing in the late 1960s.  Fender frequently updated the internal circuitry of its amps, and changed their appearance throughout its history.

Fender (company)
33°38′46″N 111°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿33.6460322°N 111.899058°W﻿ / 33.6460322; -111.899058

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. Fender also develops digital audio workstation and scorewriter via its subsidiary PreSonus which was acquired in 2021. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015; He has now since retired and Edward 'Bud' Cole took Chief Executive Officer in February of 2026.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.
Cessna 160
The Cessna 160 was an American single-engine, four-seater, high wing, strut-braced, prototype monoplane designed in 1962 by Cessna.

Development beyond the prototype stage was not pursued and only one example was constructed.

Cessna 150
The Cessna 150 is a two-seat tricycle gear general aviation airplane that was designed for flight training, touring and personal use. In 1977, it was succeeded in production by the Cessna 152, a minor modification to the original design.

The Cessna 150 is the fifth most produced aircraft ever, with 23,839 produced. The Cessna 150 was offered for sale in named configurations that included the Standard basic model, the Trainer with dual controls, and the deluxe Commuter, along with special options for these known as Patroller options. Later, these configurations were joined by the top-end Commuter II and the aerobatic Aerobat models.

In 2007, Cessna announced a successor to the Model 150 and 152, the Model 162 Skycatcher.
Polonia Bydgoszcz
Polonia Bydgoszcz is a Polish sports club based in Bydgoszcz most known for its speedway team ŻKS Polonia Bydgoszcz which currently races in the 1. Liga. The club has won the Polish Speedway League Championship seven times, the latest in 2002, and European Team Championship three times, the latest in 2001. The club also has a football team that plays in the lower leagues, though it was more successful in the past and played in the Polish top division, plus several other departments: athletics, cycling and boccia.

Team Speedway Polish Championship
The Team Speedway Polish Championship (Polish: Drużynowe Mistrzostwa Polski, DMP) is an annual speedway event held each year in different Polish clubs organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1948. In 2000, the First Division was renamed Ekstraliga, and the number of teams was reduced.

The team winning the league is awarded a gold medal and declared Polish Team Champions. Teams finishing second and third are awarded silver and bronze medals respectively.
Leslie Ayres
Leslie F. Ayres (1906–1952) was an American architect active in Indianapolis, Indiana from 1926 to 1945. Leslie F. Ayres was a well known architect and artist in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was known within the architectural circles for his highly refined and exquisite renderings. Ayres began his career early with the firm of Pierre and Wright. During his time with the firm he was awarded the Princeton Prize in Architecture in 1926, which allowed him to attend Princeton University, and eventually earn his certificate of proficiency in 1927. Upon his graduation from Princeton, he moved back to Indianapolis, and started his own firm. His renderings often done in watercolor and colored pencil were often used to sell the client on a project, and in 1948 National Architect stated he was “just about the only professional renderer in Indiana.

Pierre & Wright
Pierre and Wright was an architectural firm in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States. It was established in 1925 by partners Edward D. Pierre, AIA (1890–1971) and  George Caleb Wright, AIA, (1889–1973). It was one of the predecessor firms of Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager.

Pierre & Wright was responsible for many landmarks in Indianapolis and greater Indiana, and a number have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. After the partnership disbanded in 1944, Pierre started his firm Pierre and Associates. Among the architects employed by this firm were Kenneth B. Curtiss, D. B. Hill, James O. Lewis, James M. Merrifield, J. Parke Randall, D. P. Schlegel, and Richard C. Zimmer. Wright started a new firm with Kurt Vonnegut Sr. of Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller called Vonnegut & Wright. After Ralph Oscar Yeager of Miller & Yeager joined, the firm became Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager. Later the firm was known as Wright Porteous & Lowe.
Ralph Crepyn
Ralph Crepyn (also known as Radulphus de Alegate) was a lawyer and the first documented Town Clerk of London in 1274. His birth was about 1245, and he was well-educated for his day. He died before 1331, but the exact date is unknown.

Town Clerk of London
The Town Clerk of London is an important position that has existed since the 13th century in the City of London, England. Originally the role was to take the minutes of London council meetings, but over the years the holder's role has gathered responsibility, including staff and executive powers. Historically the incumbent received an annual fee of £10. This has risen to £244,000 in 2016/17, with 55%  coming from the City Fund and 40% coming from the City's Cash.
Belgaum
Belgaum (Kannada ISO: Beḷagāvi, IPA: [beɭɐɡaːʋi]; Marathi ISO: Bēḻagāṃva, IPA: [beɭɡaːũ]), officially known as Belagavi (also Belgaon), is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka located near its northern western border in the Western Ghats. It is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Belagavi division and Belagavi district. The Government of Karnataka has proposed making Belgaum the second capital of Karnataka alongside Bangalore, hence a second state administrative building Suvarna Vidhana Soudha was inaugurated on 11 October 2012.

Belgaum has been selected in first phase out of 20 cities, as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Qinghai 223 Incident
The Qinghai 223 Incident (Chinese: 青海二二三事件), also known as the February 23 Qinghai Incident or the Qinghai 223 massacre, was a massacre in 1967 during the Chinese Cultural Revolution in Qinghai Province. On February 23, 1967, thirteen military companies from the Qinghai Military District of the People's Liberation Army attacked and took over the base of Qinghai Daily which was previously occupied by the local unarmed rebel group, killing 169 civilians (and 4 soldiers) and injuring 178 within one day. An additional 12 students were killed or injured at Qinghai Ethnical College on February 24. The massacre was led by General Zhao Yongfu (赵永夫), the deputy commander of the military district, and therefore the incident was also known as the "Zhao Yongfu incident".

Rebel Faction (Cultural Revolution)
During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) was a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967, but were accompanied by further splits and sectarianism.
Benardrick McKinney
Benardrick Cornelius McKinney (born November 19, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Mississippi State Bulldogs and was selected by the Houston Texans in the second round of the 2015 NFL draft.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Socrates K. Valath
Socrates Krishnan Valath, (born 1963) is an Indian novelist and short story writer, working in Malayalam literature. His short story anthology, Nyayavithi, was selected for the Padmarajan Award in 2014. He is also a recipient of the Kerala State Television Award in 2003, C. Ayyappan Award in 2015 and a Certificate of Merit at the Annual Akashvani Awards in 2017.

All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani (lit. 'Voice from the sky'  or 'Oracle'), is India's state-owned public radio broadcaster. Founded in 1936, it operates under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and is one of the two divisions of Prasar Bharati. Headquartered at the Akashvani Bhavan in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, FM Section, and National Service. It also serves as the home of the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra.

All India Radio is one the largest radio network in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast, the socioeconomic diversity it serves, and the scale of its broadcasting organisation. AIR's domestic service includes 420 stations nationwide, covering nearly 92% of India's geographic area and 99.19% of its population, with programming available in 23 languages and 179 dialects.
Central Market (Casablanca)
The Central Market (Arabic: السوق المركزي, French: Marché Central) in Casablanca, Morocco is a marketplace with historical and cultural significance. It is located on Muhammad V Boulevard, among the colonial architecture of the 20th century, facing the Central Market Tramway Station.

Casablanca Tramway
The Casablanca Tramway (Arabic: طرامواي الدار البيضاء Ṭrāmwāy ad-Dār al-Bayḍā’) is a low-floor tram system in Casablanca, Morocco. As of 2024, it consists of four lines – T1 from Sidi Moumen to Lissasfa, T2 from Sidi Bernoussi to Aïn Diab, T3 from Casa Port Station to Hay El Wahda, and T4 from Arab League Park to Mohammed Erradi—which intersect at nine points.
Quezon Memorial Circle station
Quezon Memorial Circle station is an under-construction Metro Rail Transit (MRT) station located on the MRT Line 7 (MRT-7) and the proposed MRT Line 8 (MRT-8) systems within the Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City.

Close landmarks include the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, Department of Agriculture Building, Quezon City Hall, Department of Agrarian Reform Building, the National Housing Authority (Philippines) and PTV Complex.

National Housing Authority (Philippines)
The National Housing Authority (NHA) is a government agency responsible for public housing in the Philippines.  Established on July 31, 1975, it is organized as a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development as an attached agency.
John W. Lord Jr.
John Whitaker Lord Jr. (December 19, 1901 – May 16, 1972) was an American politician and judge from Pennsylvania.  He served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 6th district from 1947 to 1951 and the Philadelphia City Council from 1952 to 1954.  He served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania from 1954 until his death in 1972.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Keep My Shit Clean
Keep My Shit Clean (stylized as Keep My Sh*t Clean) is the fifth studio album by American rapper and producer Sean Merrick and his first album under his alias Jacky Jasper. It was released on March 12, 2002 via Number 6 Records and was produced by Phil Cole, H-Bomb and Marc Live. The album featured guest appearances from Kool Keith, Ice-T, Chino XL, Roger Troutman, Dee Bombshell and Trigga tha Gambler. It peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 24 on the Independent Albums chart.

Chino XL
Derek Keith Barbosa (April 8, 1974 – July 28, 2024), better known by his stage name Chino XL, was a New York rapper, American lyricist, hip-hop emcee, and actor. He was known for his evocative wordplay and for warring with Tupac Shakur.

He recorded 8 solo studio albums and 2 EPs, which have both been released. His album Ricanstruction: The Black Rosary (2012) won the 2012 HHUG Album of the Year Award.
Big Little News
Big Little News was a shop in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. Co-owners Joey Burgess and Tracy Taylor opened the bodega-style newsstand on Pike Street on Capitol Hill in March 2021. Big Little News carried domestic and foreign newspapers and other publications such as fashion magazines, tabloids, and zines, as well as books, gifts, drinks, and snacks.

Capitol Hill, Seattle
Capitol Hill is a densely populated residential district and a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is immediately east of Downtown Seattle and north of First Hill. The neighborhood is one of the city's most popular nightlife and entertainment districts and is home to a historic gay village and vibrant music community.
Dion Gowda
Dion Gowda (Kannada: ಡಿಯೋನ್ ಗೌಡ; born 30 November 2007) is an Indian racing driver who last competed under the British flag in the Formula Regional European Championship for Van Amersfoort Racing.

Born and raised in Bangalore, Gowda previously competed in the 2024 Italian F4 Championship with Prema Racing, finishing eleventh.

2024 Italian F4 Championship
The 2024 Italian F4 Championship was the eleventh season of the Italian F4 Championship, a multi-race Formula 4-level racing series. It was the third season ran using the Tatuus F4-T421 since its introduction to all Formula 4 championships in 2022.

Freddie Slater claimed the Driver's Championship, clinching the title at Race 2 at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya while Alex Powell won the Rookies' Championship at the third race at the Monza Circuit, the final race of the season. Both drove for Prema Racing, who won the Teams' Championship for the third consecutive year. Slater won 15 races, breaking the record for most race wins in a season, previously held by Andrea Kimi Antonelli with 13 wins in 2022.
University Hospital, New Orleans
University Hospital, most recently called Interim LSU Hospital (ILH), was a teaching hospital located in New Orleans, Louisiana. It closed on August 1, 2015, when all patients were moved to University Medical Center New Orleans. University Hospital was previously known as Hôtel-Dieu.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
John Badalamenti
John Leonard Badalamenti (born 1973) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States district judge of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida. He was appointed in 2020 by President Donald Trump. He previously served as a judge on the Florida Second District Court of Appeal from 2015 to 2020.

United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (in case citations, M.D. Fla.) is a federal court in the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on July 30, 1962, with parts of the Northern and Southern Districts transferring into the newly created Middle District.

As of March 31, 2025, the United States attorney for the district is Gregory Kehoe.
Epitheca semiaquea
Epitheca semiaquea, the mantled baskettail, is a species of emerald dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is found in North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Epitheca semiaquea is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

Corduliidae
Corduliidae, also knowns as the emeralds, emerald dragonflies, or green-eyed skimmers, is a family of dragonflies. These dragonflies are usually black or dark brown with areas of metallic green or yellow, and most of them have large, emerald-green eyes. The larvae are black, hairy-looking, and usually semiaquatic. This family include species called "baskettails", "emeralds", "sundragons", "shadowdragons", and "boghaunters". They are not uncommon and are found nearly worldwide, but some individual species are quite rare. Hine's emerald dragonfly (Somatochlora hineana), for example, is an endangered species in the United States.

Corduliidae are known to occasionally take quantities of their eggs at the tip of their stomach, before then sticking their eggs in mud or water using a sprout-like appendage that extends from their abdomens.
Relaxase
A relaxase is a single-strand DNA transesterase enzyme produced by some prokaryotes and viruses. Relaxases are responsible for site- and strand-specific nicks in unwound double-stranded DNA . Known relaxases belong to the rolling circle replication (RCR) initiator superfamily of enzymes and fall into two broad classes: replicative (Rep) and mobilization (Mob). The nicks produced by Rep relaxases initiate plasmid or virus RCR. Mob relaxases nick at origin of transfer (oriT) to initiate the process of DNA mobilization and transfer known as bacterial conjugation. Relaxases are so named because the single-stranded DNA nick that they catalyze lead to relaxation of helical tension.

Rolling circle replication
Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids. Some eukaryotic viruses also replicate their DNA or RNA via the rolling circle mechanism.

As a simplified version of natural rolling circle replication, an isothermal DNA amplification technique, rolling circle amplification was developed. The RCA mechanism is widely used in molecular biology and biomedical nanotechnology, especially in the field of biosensing (as a method of signal amplification).
2012–13 National T20 Cup
The 2012–13 Faysal Bank T20 Cup was the ninth season of the Faysal Bank T20 Cup in Pakistan, which was held from 1 to 9 December 2012. The winning team received Rs 20 million as prize money while the runners-up received Rs 10 million. This was also the last edition of the tournament , which was replaced with the Pakistan Super League.

Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL), also known as HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in Pakistan, organised by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB).

Founded by the PCB in 2015, the league currently features (since 2018 PSL) six city-based franchise teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by the investors.

Each team plays the group-stage matches in a double round-robin format and the top four teams with the most points qualify for the playoffs, culminating in the final.

As of 2025, there have been ten seasons of the league. Islamabad United and Lahore Qalandars are the most successful teams, both winning three titles each.