hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bronna Góra
Bronna Góra (or Bronna Mount in English, Belarusian: Бронная Гара, Bronnaja Hara) is the name of a secluded area in present-day Belarus where mass killings of Polish Jews were carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II. The location was part of the eastern half of occupied Poland, which had been invaded by the Soviet Union in 1939 in agreement with Germany, and two years later captured by the Wehrmacht in Operation Barbarossa. It is estimated that from May 1942 until November of that year, during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in Poland, some 50,000 Jews were murdered at Bronna Góra forest in death pits. The victims were transported there in Holocaust trains from Nazi ghettos, including from the Brześć Ghetto and the Pińsk Ghetto, and from the ghettos in the surrounding area, as well as from Reichskommissariat Ostland (present-day Western Belarus).

Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.
Georges Rebelo Chikoti
Georges Rebelo Chikoti (born 16 June 1955) is an Angolan diplomat. He is, since 1 March 2020, the Secretary General of the Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS). He served as Angola's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2010 to 2017.

Ministry of External Relations (Angola)
The Ministry of External Relations (Portuguese: Ministério das Relações Exteriores) is the Angolan government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Angola. Tete António is the current foreign minister since 9 April 2020.
Mondragon Corporation
The Mondragon Corporation is a corporation and federation of worker cooperatives based in the Basque region of Spain.

It was founded in the town of Mondragón in 1956 by Father José María Arizmendiarrieta and a group of his students at a technical college he founded. Its first product was paraffin heaters.

It is the seventh-largest Spanish company in terms of asset turnover and the leading business group in the Basque Country. At the end of 2016, it employed 74,117 people in 257 companies and organizations in four areas of activity: finance, industry, retail and knowledge. By 2019, 81,507 people were employed.
In 2024, it had over 70,000 workers, 30,660 in the Basque Country, 29,340 in the rest of Spain and around 10,000 abroad.
Mondragon cooperatives operate in accordance with the Statement on the Co-operative Identity maintained by the International Co-operative Alliance.

International Cooperative Alliance
The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) is a non-governmental organization established in 1895. The ICA represents 306 cooperative federations and organizations across 105 countries, representing approximately one billion individuals worldwide.
NBL1 Central
NBL1 Central, formerly the Premier League, is a semi-professional basketball league in South Australia, comprising both a men's and women's competition. In 2020, Basketball South Australia partnered with the National Basketball League (NBL) to bring NBL1 to South Australia. NBL1 replaced the former Premier League to create more professional pathways and opportunities for males and females playing basketball in South Australia. As a result, the Premier League became the central conference of NBL1.

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
Michael Rubin (author)
Michael Rubin (born September 24, 1963) is an American author, educator and photographer. Author of the 2005 book Droidmaker: George Lucas and the Digital Revolution which chronicles the early days of Lucasfilm and Pixar, Rubin began writing books in college. His first book was published in 1982 about video gaming followed by his 1984 book Computer Gardening Made Simple.

Growing up in Gainesville, Florida, Rubin graduated from Brown University in 1985. After college, Rubin worked for Lucasfilm which introduced him to film editing and related emerging technologies, specifically nonlinear editing. In 1991 he wrote Nonlinear: A Guide to Digital Film and Video Editing followed later by several editing textbooks.

In 1993, Rubin co-founded a do-it-yourself ceramics chain then later held senior product positions at Netflix and Adobe. In 2016, Rubin left Adobe to pursue photographic interest and is a fine art photographer who teaches photography workshops in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Fine-art photography
Fine-art photography is photography created in line with the vision of the photographer as artist, using photography as a medium for creative expression. The goal of fine-art photography is to express an idea, a message, or an emotion. This stands in contrast to representational photography, such as photojournalism, which provides a documentary visual account of specific subjects and events, literally representing objective reality rather than the subjective intent of the photographer; and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.
Dark academia
Dark academia is a literary, internet aesthetic and subculture concerned with higher education, the arts, and literature, or an idealised version thereof. The aesthetic centres on traditional educational clothing, interior design, activities such as writing and poetry, ancient art, and classic literature, as well as classical Greek and Collegiate Gothic architecture. The trend emerged on social media site Tumblr in 2015, before being popularised by adolescents and young adults in the late 2010s and early 2020s, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tumblr
Tumblr (/ˈtʌmblər/ TUM-blər) is a microblogging and social media platform founded by David Karp in 2007 and is owned by American company Automattic. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. It was also noted for being socially progressive in the 2010s.
Kingdom of Aboh
The Aboh Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of Abo, was a kingdom in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Its capital, Aboh was located in present-day Delta State, and was founded by Obi Essumei Ukwu. Due to being situated along the lower Niger River, Aboh served as a center in political and commercial matters between the 17th and 19th century. The kingdom peaked under Eze Obi Ossai, having reached its zenith under his rule, becoming a major trading power where it acted as a middleman in the trans-Atlantic slave trade and later the palm oil trade.

Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone.

The Niger Delta is a very densely populated region sometimes called the Oil Rivers because it was once a major producer of palm oil. The area was the British Oil Rivers Protectorate from 1885 until 1893, when it was expanded and became the Niger Coast Protectorate.

The delta is a petroleum-rich region and has been the center of international concern over extensive pollution which is often used as an example of ecocide. The principal cause is major oil spills by multinational corporations of the petroleum industry.
Ed Edmondson (chess official)
Edmund Edmondson (13 August 1920 – 21 October 1982) was president of the United States Chess Federation from 1963 to 1966 and executive director of the United States Chess Federation from 1966 to 1975. He served as an officer in the United States Air Force, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Edmondson played a key role in Bobby Fischer's path to the World Chess Championship in 1972. He asked Pal Benko, who had qualified for the 1970 Interzonal, to yield his spot to Fischer. Benko realized that Fischer had a much greater chance of winning and agreed, working instead as a second for the other US players. Edmondson is also credited with greatly expanding the USCF.
Edmondson served as Fischer's manager during the 1970 Interzonal, and during his winning 1971 Candidates Tournament matches against Mark Taimanov, Bent Larsen, and Tigran Petrosian.

Edmundson was born in Rochester, New York, and died in Honolulu.

United States Chess Federation
The United States Chess Federation (also known as US Chess or USCF) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in The World Chess Federation (FIDE). USCF administers the official national rating system, awards national titles, sanctions over twenty national championships annually, and publishes two magazines: Chess Life and Chess Life Kids. The USCF was founded and incorporated in Illinois in 1939, from the merger of two older chess organizations.  It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri. Its membership as of 2024 was 112,000.
Interstate 44 in Oklahoma
Interstate 44 (I-44) is an Interstate Highway that runs diagonally through the U.S. state of Oklahoma, spanning from the Texas state line near Wichita Falls, Texas, to the Missouri border near Joplin, Missouri. It connects three of Oklahoma's largest cities: Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and Lawton. Most of I-44 in Oklahoma is a toll road. In southwestern Oklahoma, I-44 is the H. E. Bailey Turnpike and follows a diagonally northeast–southwest direction. From Oklahoma City to Tulsa, I-44 follows the Turner Turnpike. After leaving Tulsa, I-44 follows the Will Rogers Turnpike to the Missouri state line west of Joplin, Missouri. In the Lawton, Oklahoma City, and Tulsa metropolitan areas, I-44 is toll-free. In Oklahoma City, I-44 is also known as the Will Rogers Expressway.

I-44 is paralleled by former U.S. Highway 66 (US-66, now mostly State Highway 66, or SH-66) from Oklahoma City to the Missouri state line.

Oklahoma City metropolitan area
The Oklahoma City metropolitan area is an urban region in Central Oklahoma. It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oklahoma and contains the state capital and principal city, Oklahoma City. It is often known as the Oklahoma City Metro (sometimes shortened to simply "the Metro"), or Greater Oklahoma City in addition to the nicknames Oklahoma City itself is known for, such as OKC or "the 405".

Counties in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area include Canadian, Cleveland, Grady, Lincoln, Logan, McClain, and Oklahoma. According to the 2020 U.S. census, the metropolitan region had a population of 1,425,695, up from 1,083,346 at the 2000 census.

The Micropolitan Statistical Area of Shawnee (in Pottawatomie County) is included in Oklahoma City's Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which brings the area population to 1,498,693.
Francis Nepomuceno
Francis Lumanlan "Blueboy" Nepomuceno (born May 27, 1951) is a Filipino politician who served as 32nd mayor of Angeles City from 2007 to 2010. He represented the Pampanga's first district from 1998 to 2007. He also served as vice mayor of Angeles City from 1995 to 1998.

Mayor of Angeles City
The Mayor of Angeles City (Kapampangan: Punong Lungsod ning Angeles) is the head of the local government of the city of Angeles in Pampanga, Philippines who is elected to three year terms. The Mayor is also the executive head and leads the city's departments in executing the city ordinances and improving public services. The city mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totaling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.
Kathisma
A kathisma (Greek: κάθισμα; Church Slavonic: каѳисма, kafisma), literally, "seat", is a division of the Psalter, used in the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Rite Catholic churches. The word may also describe a hymn sung at Matins, a seat used in monastic churches, or a type of monastic establishment.

Matins
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning (between midnight and dawn).

The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of Lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders). It was divided into two or (on Sundays) three nocturns. Outside of monasteries, it was generally recited at other times of the day, often in conjunction with lauds.
Vajroli mudra
Vajroli mudra (Sanskrit: वज्रोली मुद्रा vajrolī mudrā), the Vajroli Seal, is a practice in Hatha yoga which requires the yogi to preserve his semen, either by learning not to release it, or if released by drawing it up through his urethra from the vagina of "a woman devoted to the practice of yoga".

The mudra was described as "obscene" by the translator Rai Bahadur Srisa Chandra Vasu, and as "obscure and repugnant" by another translator, Hans-Ulrich Rieker.

The mudra is rarely practised in modern times. It was covered in the 1900s by the American sexologist Ida C. Craddock, the resulting legal proceedings against her leading to her imprisonment and suicide. The explorer Theos Bernard learnt and illustrated the posture associated with the mudra. The pioneer of modern yoga, Krishnamacharya, gives impractical instructions for the mudra, demonstrating in Norman Sjoman's opinion that he had never tried the practice.

Yogi
A yogi is a practitioner of Yoga, including a sannyasin or practitioner of meditation in Indian religions.  The feminine form, sometimes used in English, is yogini.

Yogi has since the 12th century CE also denoted members of the Nath siddha tradition of Hinduism, and in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism, a practitioner of tantra. In Hindu mythology, the god Shiva and the goddess Parvati are depicted as an emblematic yogi–yogini pair.
House of Senador Canedo
The House of Senador Canedo (Portuguese: Casa do Senador Canedo) is a historic residence and cultural center in Bela Vista de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil. It was built by Antônio Amaro da Silva Canedo (1844-1895), a merchant and politician of Goiás. The residence was a noted meeting place for regional politicians, members of the clergy, and travelers in the region. It now houses a cultural space to preserve the history of both Senator Canedo and the southern region of Goiás.

The house is an outstanding example of 19th century residential architecture of the region. It was built in the austere Portuguese colonial style of an earlier period, and lacks the ornamentation of Brazilian homes of the late 19th century. It was listed as a historic structure by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) in 1986.

National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage
The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (Portuguese: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, IPHAN) is a heritage register of the federal government of Brazil. It is responsible for the preservation of buildings, monuments, structures, objects and sites, as well as the register and safeguard of intangible cultural heritage deemed of historic or cultural importance to the country.

IPHAN maintains 1,047 sites, which include historic buildings, city centers, and landscapes. It additionally lists a growing number of intangible cultural heritage entities.

The presidency of the institute was held by only two individuals over its first forty years. Rodrigo Melo Franco led SPHAN/IPHAN from 1937 until his retirement in 1967; his successor was the architect Renato Soeiro, who led the institute from 1967 to 1979.
Pyotr Krasnov
Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov (Russian: Пётр Николаевич Краснов; 22 September [O.S. 10 September] 1869 – 17 January 1947), also known as Peter Krasnov, was a Russian military leader, writer and later Nazi collaborator.

Krasnov served as a lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and later led anti-Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War, where he served as the ataman of the Don Republic until the Red Army conquered the region following their victory at Tsaritsyn.

After the civil war, he lived in exile. During World War II, Krasnov collaborated with the Germans who mobilized Cossack forces to fight against the Soviet Union in  Operation Barbarossa. Following the end of the war, Krasnov was repatriated and executed by the Soviet authorities.

Ataman
Ataman (variants: otaman, wataman, vataman; Russian: атаман, romanized: ataman; Ukrainian: отаман, romanized: otaman, German: Feldataman) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is hetman. Otaman in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank.
Area code 912
Area code 912 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Georgia.  The numbering plan area contains Savannah, Richmond Hill, Hinesville, Vidalia, Metter, Reidsville, Homerville, Waycross, Brunswick, Folkston, Douglas, Statesboro, Ludowici, Jesup and Kingsland. The area code was created in 1954 in an area code split from area code 404, which had been assigned to the entire state in 1947.

In May 2025, the Georgia Public Service Commission announced the future conversion of the NPA into an overlay complex with new area code 565 in relief of anticipated central office code exhaustion by 2028.

Overlay complex
In telecommunications, an area code overlay complex is a telephone numbering plan that assigns multiple area codes to the same geographic numbering plan area (NPA). Area code overlays are implemented in territories of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) to mitigate exhaustion of central office codes in growth areas. The method has been in use since 1992, and has been the exclusive method of area code relief since 2007.
Ramsgate Maintenance Depot
Ramsgate Maintenance Depot is a traction maintenance depot located in Ramsgate, Kent, England. The depot is situated on the Chatham Main Line and is immediately northwest of Ramsgate station, with access to the maintenance facilities and stabling sidings almost exclusively accessible from the Margate direction. Trains coming from Minster junction can only access the depot reception roads, the carriage cleaning shed (roads 1-4) and stabling roads 5-6 without reversing.

The depot code is RE.

Ramsgate railway station
Ramsgate railway station serves the town of Ramsgate in Thanet in Kent, England. The station lies on the Chatham Main Line, 79 miles 21 chains (127.6 km) down the line from London Victoria, the Kent Coast Line, and the Ashford to Ramsgate (via Canterbury West) line. The station is managed by Southeastern, which (including Southeastern High Speed) operates all trains serving it.
Rio Nakata
Rio Nakata (中田璃士, Nakata Rio; born 8 September 2008) is a Welsh–Japanese figure skater. He is the 2025 Junior World champion, 2024–25 Japan national silver medalist, the 2024 Junior World silver medalist, the 2023–24 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, the 2024–25 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a five-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist, a two-time Japanese Junior national champion (2024-25), and the 2023–24 Japanese Junior national silver medalist.

2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2024–25 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final and ISU Junior Grand Prix Final was held from December 5–8, 2024, at the Patinoire Polesud in Grenoble, France. The combined event was the culmination of two international series: the Grand Prix of Figure Skating and the Junior Grand Prix. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance at both the senior and junior levels.

The Grand Prix Final was originally to be held in Orléans, France, but the French Federation of Ice Sports chose to relocate the event to Grenoble.
GMM Z
GMM Z is a Thai set-top box distributor and former satellite television operator owned by GMM Grammy and Advanced Info Service.

Launched on 1 November 2011 as 1-Sky, It was operating as a KU band and C band set-top box distributor and Pay TV operator. It changed its name to GMM Z after receiving a notification from British Pay TV operator, BSkyB for the trademark conflict.

GMM Z is a subsidiary of GMM Grammy, a media-giant in Thailand. It was also has GMM B Company Limited, a subsidiary who operated Z PAY TV, a pay TV platform for GMM Z set-top boxes before sold it to CTH.

CTH (company)
CTH Public Company Limited (CTH), formerly known as Cable Thai Holding Public Company Limited, was a Thai pay TV operator and Internet broadband services provider.

It was founded by a large group of cable television operators as Cable Thai Holding, a holding company established for dealing and share its content. It was offering pay television channels on an analog CATV system which had a largest customer base in Thailand with over 2.5 million households before started its own pay TV business as CTH.

CTH held English Premier League broadcast rights for season 2013/14 till 2015/16 in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia.
Guillermo de Torre
Guillermo de Torre Ballesteros (Madrid, 1900 – Buenos Aires, 14 January 1971) was a Spanish essayist, poet and literary critic, a Dadaist and member of the Generation of '27. He is also notable as the brother-in-law of the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.

Luis Cernuda
Luis Cernuda Bidón (September 21, 1902 – November 5, 1963) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27. During the Spanish Civil War, in early 1938, he went to the UK to deliver some lectures and this became the start of an exile that lasted till the end of his life.  He taught in the universities of Glasgow and Cambridge before moving in 1947 to the US.  In the 1950s he moved to Mexico.  While he continued to write poetry, he also published wide-ranging books of critical essays, covering French, English and German as well as Spanish literature. He was frank about his homosexuality at a time when this was problematic and became something of a role model for this in Spain.  His collected poems were published under the title La realidad y el deseo.