hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dutch Bengal
Dutch Bengal, was a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in Mughal Bengal between 1610 until the company's liquidation in 1800. It then became a colony of the Kingdom of the Netherlands until 1825, when it was relinquished to the British according to the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Dutch presence in the region started by the establishment of a trading post at Pipili in the mouth of Subarnarekha River in Odisha. The former colony is part of what is today called Dutch India. Bengal was the source of 50% of the textiles and 80% of the raw silk imported from Asia by the Dutch.

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (Dutch: Verdrag van Londen), was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.
Vince Kerrio
Vincent George Kerrio (February 5, 1924  – October 30, 2009) was a businessperson and politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal from 1975 to 1990, and was a cabinet minister in the government of David Peterson. He was the first Italian-Canadian to serve as a cabinet minister in Ontario.

David Peterson
David Robert Peterson PC OOnt ECO KC (born December 28, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician who served as the 20th premier of Ontario from 1985 to 1990. He was the first Liberal officeholder in 42 years, ending the so-called Tory dynasty.
Hitler (2024 film)
Hitler is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Dhana. The film was produced by T. D. Rajha, and D. R. Sanjay Kumar under the banner Chendur Film International. The film stars Vijay Antony, Riya Suman, and Gautham Vasudev Menon, alongside Charan Raj, Redin Kingsley, Vivek Prasanna, Tamizh, and Aadukalam Naren in supporting roles.

Hitler was released on 27 September 2024.

Aadukalam Naren
Aadukalam Naren (born Narayanan) is an Indian actor who has appears in Tamil and Telugu films, mainly playing supporting and antagonistic roles. He made his debut with the 1997 film Raman Abdullah but got noticed for his role in the 2011 film Aadukalam and has since added the film's title as a prefix to his stage name.
François V de Beauharnais
François V de Beauharnais, Marquis de La Ferté-Beauharnais (16 January 1714, La Rochelle – 18 June 1800, Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a prominent French nobleman, whose life spanned military, political and colonial spheres.

He was seigneur de Beaumont et de Bellechauve, baron de Beauville, 1st marquis de la Ferté-Beauharnais, chef d'escadre des armées royales, and governor of the French colony of Martinique. He was the son of Claude de Beauharnais, sieur de Beaumont et de Bellechauve (1674-1738), and his wife, Renée Hardouineau de Landanière (1696-1766).

In 1752, he acquired the château of La Ferté-Avrain. In recognition of his service to the crown, King Louis XV elevated his estate to a marquisate, officially naming him Marquis de La Ferté-Beauharnais in July 1764.

Chef d'escadre
Chef d'escadre (pronounced [ʃɛf dɛskadʁ]; literally "squadron commander") was a rank in the French Navy during the Ancien Régime and until the French Revolution. The rank was changed to contre-amiral by a law passed on 15 May 1791.
Milk Drop Coronet
Milk Drop Coronet is a high-speed photograph of a drop of milk falling onto the surface of a red pan, creating a splash resembling a coronet, taken by American scientist Harold "Doc" Edgerton on January 10, 1957. The picture was created using a camera connected to a beam of light, which triggered when the drop of milk obstructed the light.

Edgerton was an electrical engineer, and had personally developed a stroboscope which he used to take high-speed photographs of, among others, drops of liquid. He began capturing images of milk drops as early as 1932, and produced a similar picture to Milk Drop Coronet titled Milk Drop Coronet Splash in 1936.

Milk Drop Coronet has been called an "uncannily beautiful image" by New York Times art critic Ken Johnson, appeared in Time magazine's list of Most Influential Images of All Time, and exhibited in various art museums.

Stroboscope
A stroboscope, also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary. It consists of either a rotating disk with slots or holes or a lamp such as a flashtube which produces brief repetitive flashes of light.  Usually, the rate of the stroboscope is adjustable to different frequencies.  When a rotating or vibrating object is observed with the stroboscope at its vibration frequency (or a submultiple of it), it appears stationary.  Thus stroboscopes are also used to measure frequency.

The principle is used for the study of rotating, reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating objects.  Machine parts and vibrating string are common examples.  A stroboscope used to set the ignition timing of internal combustion engines is called a timing light.
Gold on the Ceiling
"Gold on the Ceiling" is the third track from El Camino (2011), the seventh studio album by American rock band the Black Keys. It was released as the record's second single on February 25, 2012. The song was certified platinum in Australia and Canada, and is tied with "Fever" as the band's highest-charting song in the UK.

Fever (The Black Keys song)
"Fever" is a song by American rock band the Black Keys. It was released on March 24, 2014, as the lead single from their eighth studio album, Turn Blue. On April 15, 2014, the song was released on CD with the album's title track as a B-side, along with a credit applicable to purchases of the physical formats of the album. For the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, "Fever" was nominated for Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance.
Flotilla (video game)
Flotilla is a 2010 turn-based strategy space combat video game developed and published by Blendo Games. It was released in March 2010 on Steam for Windows and on Xbox Live Indie Games for the Xbox 360. Flotilla was designed with Microsoft's XNA tools, and its development was influenced by animal characteristics and behavior as well as board games such as Axis and Allies and Arkham Horror. The game takes the player on an adventure through a randomly generated galaxy.

Chung began developing Flotilla immediately after the closure of Pandemic Studios, where he had worked as a designer. The new game used assets imported from Chung's early space combat prototype, Space Piñata. Flotilla incorporates several pieces of classical music in its score, such as Chopin's "Raindrop" prelude. It received mixed reviews from video game media outlets, scoring 72 out of 100 on review aggregate website Metacritic, and was included in Mike Rose's book 250 Indie Games You Must Play.

Axis & Allies
Axis & Allies is a series of World War II strategy board games. The first version was published in 1981 and a second edition known colloquially as Axis & Allies: Classic was published in 1984. Played on a board depicting a Spring 1942 political map of Earth divided by territories, players take the role of one or more of the five major belligerents of World War II: the Axis powers of Germany and Japan, and the Allied powers of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Turns rotate among these belligerents, who control armies of playing pieces with which they attempt to capture enemy territories, with results determined by dice rolls. The object of the game is to win the war by capturing enough critical territories to gain the advantage over the enemy.

More than ten spinoff games have since been produced. Some of these editions are revised versions of the classic game, while others depict a specific theater, campaign or battle of World War II.
Garnett Genuis
Garnett Genuis MP /dʒɛnɪs/ (born January 23, 1987) is a Canadian politician who has served as the member of Parliament for the riding of Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan (in Alberta) since 2015, and as the Conservative Shadow Minister for Employment since May 2025.

Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan
Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2015.

Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election. It was created out of parts of Edmonton—Sherwood Park and Vegreville—Wainwright.
Retrospect (Mya album)
Retrospect is the upcoming ninth studio album by the American singer Mýa. Scheduled to be release May 1, 2026, it marks singer's first album in eight years. It is preceded by the album's lead single "A.S.A.P." and features production by longtime collaborators Lamar "MyGuyMars" Edwards, Mike & Keys, and the singer herself with confirmed guest appearances from rappers 21 Savage, Snoop Dogg, ADÉ, Too $hort, D-Nice and Joyner Lucas.

Mike & Keys
Mike & Keys (formerly known as The Futuristiks) are an American hip hop production and songwriting duo from Los Angeles, California that consists of Money Mike (born Michael Ray Cox, Jr.) and J-Keys (born John Groover).
Nadaism
Nadaism (Spanish: Nadaísmo, meaning "Nothing-ism" in English) was a Colombian artistic and philosophical counterculture movement active from 1958 to 1964. Founded by writer Gonzalo Arango, the movement was influenced by nihilism, existentialism, and the works of Colombian writer and philosopher Fernando González Ochoa.

Nadaism emerged partly in reaction to La Violencia and represented a Colombian expression of the avant-garde movements in the poetry of the Americas during the 1950s and 60s, such as the Beat Generation in the United States and the Tzanticos in Ecuador. The movement was largely anti-establishment and inspired works of literature, music, and film exploring Nadaist themes.

The term nadaísmo is a portmanteau of the Spanish word "nada" (meaning nothing) and "Dadaism" (Spanish: Dadaísmo). Nadaísmo has sometimes been described as "Colombian dadaism", a "Colombian Beat Generation", or "Colombian Futurism".

La Violencia
La Violencia (Spanish pronunciation: [la βjoˈlensja], The Violence) was a ten-year civil war in Colombia from 1948 to 1958, between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party, mainly fought in the countryside.

La Violencia is considered to have begun with the assassination on 9 April 1948 of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a Liberal Party presidential candidate and frontrunner for the 1949 November election. His murder provoked the Bogotazo rioting, which lasted ten hours and resulted in around 5,000 casualties. An alternative historiography proposes the Conservative Party's return to power following the election of 1946 to be the cause. Rural town police and political leaders encouraged Conservative-supporting peasants to seize the agricultural lands of Liberal-supporting peasants, which provoked peasant-to-peasant violence throughout Colombia.

La Violencia is estimated to have killed at least 200,000 people, almost 1 in 50 Colombians.
Nittany Lion Inn
The Nittany Lion Inn is a hotel located on the campus of Pennsylvania State University in State College, Pennsylvania, near the Nittany Lion Shrine and Rec Hall. The original hotel was built by Consolidated Hotel Service Inc., and opened in 1931; it has been renovated several times since then.

Rec Hall
Recreation Building, often referred to as Rec Hall, is a field house on the University Park campus of the Pennsylvania State University, within the borough limits of State College. The building was opened on January 15, 1929, and remains in active use. Penn State's gymnastics, volleyball, and wrestling teams compete in Rec Hall. The university's men's and women's basketball teams moved to the Bryce Jordan Center in 1996.
Edessene Apocalypse
The Edessene Apocalypse or Edessene Fragment is an apocalyptic text. The original title has not been preserved due to missing pages; the conventional title was coined by modern scholars because the content heavily focuses on Edessa. The text is a revised and an abridged version of the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius with modified schema. It is a witness to the crisis Syriac Christians were experiencing due to the political success of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and the intensified pressure on non-Muslim communities in his reign.

Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
Written in Syriac in the late seventh century, the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius shaped and influenced Christian eschatological thinking in the Middle Ages. Pseudepigraphically attributed to Methodius of Olympus, a fourth century Church Father, the work attempts to make sense of the Islamic conquest of the Near East.

The Apocalypse is noted for incorporating numerous pre-existing aspects of Christian eschatology, such as the invasion of Gog and Magog, the rise of the Antichrist, and the tribulations that precede the end of the world. The book, however, adds a new element to Christian eschatology: the rise of a messianic Roman emperor. This element would remain in Christian apocalyptic literature until the end of the medieval period.

The book was early translated into Greek, Latin, Coptic, Armenian, and later into Slavonic.
Rishte Naate
Rishte Naate (transl. Relationships) is a 1965 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. The film stars Raaj Kumar, Jamuna, Nutan and Nazir Hussain. It is a remake of Gopalakrishnan's own Tamil film Karpagam (1963).

Jamuna (actress)
Jamuna (née Nippani; 30 August 1936 – 27 January 2023) was an Indian actress, director, and politician who appeared mainly in Telugu cinema. She made her acting debut at age 16 in Dr. Garikapati Rajarao's Puttillu (1953), and received her breakthrough with L. V. Prasad's Missamma (1955). Her filmography also includes Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. She won a Filmfare Award and an award at Filmfare Awards South. She was a member of parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991) representing the Rajahmundry constituency.
1899 VFL grand final
The 1899 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Fitzroy Football Club and South Melbourne Football Club, held at the St Kilda Cricket Ground in Melbourne, on 16 September 1899, to determine the premiership team for the 1899 VFL season

It was the second annual grand final of the Victorian Football League. The match, attended by 4,823 spectators, was won by Fitzroy by a margin of 1 point, becoming the first club to claim back-to-back VFL premierships.

1898 VFL finals system
In 1898, its second season of competition, the Victorian Football League (VFL) devised and adopted a new playoff tournament which allowed all of the league's clubs a chance to compete for the premiership after the home-and-away season was complete. The system and related variations were used by the VFL between 1898 and 1900 and by the South Australian Football Association (SAFA) between 1899 and 1901.

The system fell into disfavour after Melbourne won the 1900 VFL premiership, despite finishing the home-and-away season sixth out of eight clubs. It was replaced in both leagues by the Argus finals systems.

The short-lived system was not widely used outside those two competitions, and has no commonly recognised name.
Ghost Town (1956 film)
Ghost Town is a 1956 American Western film directed by Allen H. Miner and written by Jameson Brewer. The film stars Kent Taylor, John Smith, Marian Carr, Serena Sande and John Doucette. The film was released in March 1956 by United Artists.

John Smith (actor)
John Smith (born Robert Errol Van Orden; March 6, 1931 – January 25, 1995) was an American actor primarily appearing in westerns and was considered the ideal cowboy. He had his leading roles in two NBC western television series, Cimarron City and Laramie.
The Incredible Hulk (California)
The Incredible Hulk, or Incredible Hulk, is a granitic summit with an elevation of 11,300 feet (3,444 m) located in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, in Mono County of northern California, United States. The summit is set in Little Slide Canyon of the Hoover Wilderness, on land managed by Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest, and is one mile outside the boundary of Yosemite National Park. The peak is situated approximately three miles southwest of Twin Lakes, three-quarters mile east of Kettle Peak, and 2.5 miles northwest of Matterhorn Peak. The nearest town is Bridgeport, 14 miles to the northeast. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,700 feet (1,100 meters) above Robinson Creek in one mile (1.6 km). Incredible Hulk is the unofficial name of this landform, and will remain unofficial as long as the USGS policy of not adopting new toponyms in designated wilderness areas remains in effect.

Matterhorn Peak
Matterhorn Peak is located in the Sierra Nevada, in California, at the northern boundary of Yosemite National Park. At 12,285 feet (3,744 m) elevation, it is the tallest peak in the craggy Alps-like Sawtooth Ridge and the northernmost 12,000-foot (3,700 m) peak in the Sierra Nevada. The peak also supports the Sierra's northernmost glacier system. It was named after the Matterhorn in the Alps. Matterhorn Peak is near Twin Peaks, and just north of Whorl Mountain.

The peak can be ascended without climbing gear.
Chris Grace (actor)
Christopher Tung Shieh (born May 15, 1973), known professionally as Chris Grace, is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his roles as Jerry in the NBC sitcom Superstore and Christian Grey in the off-Broadway musical parody 50 Shades! The Musical, as well as his work with the comedy streaming service Dropout.

Dropout (streaming service)
Dropout (stylized as :DROPOUT) is an American comedy subscription streaming service run by the production company of the same name (formerly CollegeHumor), founded in September 2018. Its ad-free original shows are mainly composed of live play, such as Dimension 20 hosted by Brennan Lee Mulligan, and improv comedy and panel shows like Game Changer and its spinoff Make Some Noise, both hosted by Dropout owner and CEO Sam Reich, and Very Important People hosted by Vic Michaelis. Dropout's series often feature a rotating cast of regular comedians and performers.
Tonga at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tonga competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, that celebrated in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. Tonga was represented by the Tonga Sports Association and National Olympic Committee, and was one of 117 nations that won no medals at the Games. Tonga was represented by three athletes competing in two sports–Aisea Tohi and Ana Po'uhila in track and field events, and Maamaloa Lolohea in weightlifting. The delegation's appearance at the Olympics marked its seventh consecutive appearance at the Olympics since its debut at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The flag bearer for Tonga in Beijing was field athlete Ana Po'uhila.

Maamaloa Lolohea
Maamaloa Lolohea (27 May 1968 – 21 May 2020) was a Tongan weightlifter. At age forty, Lolohea made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the men's super heavyweight category (+105 kg). Lolohea placed thirteenth in this event, as he successfully lifted 140 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 173 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk, for a total of 313 kg.
Estero River
The Estero River is a 6.4-mile-long (10.3 km) waterway in south Lee County, Florida, United States, near the village of Estero. It flows from east to west, emptying into Estero Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico.

Caloosahatchee River
The Caloosahatchee River is a river on the southwest Gulf Coast of Florida in the United States, approximately 67 miles (108 km) long. It drains rural areas on the northern edge of the Everglades, east of Fort Myers.  An important link in the Okeechobee Waterway, a manmade inland waterway system of southern Florida, the river forms a tidal estuary along most of its course and has become the subject of efforts to restore and preserve the Everglades.
Solar architecture
Solar energy is clean and renewable.

Solar architecture is designing buildings to use the sun's heat and light to maximum advantage and minimum disadvantage, and especially refers to harnessing solar power. It is related to the fields of optics, thermics, electronics and materials science. Both active and passive strategies are involved.

The use of flexible thin-film photovoltaic modules provides fluid integration with steel roofing profiles, enhancing the building's design. Orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air also constitute solar architecture.

Improvements in solar architecture have been limited by the rigidity and weight of standard solar power panels. The continued development of photovoltaic (PV) thin film solar has provided a lightweight yet robust vehicle to harness solar energy to reduce a building's impact on the environment.

Solar chimney
A solar chimney –  often referred to as a thermal chimney –  is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. A simple description of a solar chimney is that of a vertical shaft utilizing solar energy to enhance the natural stack ventilation through a building.

The solar chimney has been in use for centuries, particularly in the Middle East and Near East by the Persians, as well as in Europe by the Romans.
Srish Pal
Srish Pal (c. 1887 – 13 April 1939) was a Bengali revolutionary, born in Mulbarga, Dacca, British India. His full name was Shrish Chandra Pal. He was drawn to revolutionary politics in 1905 under the guidance of Hemchandra Ghosh. He joined the Dhaka-based Mukti Sangha (later known as Bengal Volunteers). Pal was a follower of Subhas Chandra Bose. Pal played a central role in planning and executing the Rodda Company Arms Heist in August 1914, which involved stealing 50 Mauser pistols and 46,000 cartridges from Rodda & Co., a British arms dealer in Kolkata. He was also involved in the assassination of police officer Nandalal Banerjee.

Historian Uma Mukherjee, in her book, Two Great Indian Revolutionaries (1966), described Srish Pal as the "chief actor" in the Rodda Conspiracy.

Mauser
Mauser, originally the Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik, was a German arms manufacturer. Their line of bolt-action rifles and semi-automatic pistols was produced beginning in the 1870s for the German armed forces. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Mauser designs were also exported and licensed to many countries, which adopted them as military and civilian sporting firearms. The Gewehr 98 in particular was widely adopted and copied, becoming one of the most copied firearms designs and it is the foundation of many of today's sporting bolt-action rifles. Around 10 million Gewehr 98-style rifles were produced.