hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Introducer of Ambassadors
The introducer of ambassadors is a senior diplomat of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs responsible for introducing new ambassadors to the Monarch. In this sense, the introducer advises the ambassadors and instructs them in the strict protocol of the Spanish court before delivering the diplomatic credentials to the Sovereign. Also, the introducer is the chief of protocol of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

It is one of the oldest positions in the Spanish administration, existing since the reign of Philip IV. The introducer holds the category and honors of ambassador and the administrative rank of director-general. The position is currently held by Adrián Martín Couce since 30 July 2024.

Letter of credence
A letter of credence (French: Lettre de créance, [lɛtʁ də kʁeɑ̃s]) is a formal diplomatic letter that designates a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state. Commonly known as diplomatic credentials, the letter is addressed from one head of state to another, asking them to give credence (French: créance) to the ambassador's claim of speaking for their country. The letter is presented personally by the ambassador-designate to the receiving head of state in a formal ceremony, marking the beginning of the ambassadorship.

Letters of credence are traditionally written in French, the lingua franca of diplomacy. However, they may also be written in the official language of the sending state.
Kenneth R. Rosen
Kenneth R. Rosen is an American writer, journalist and war correspondent based in Central Europe. He is the recipient of the Bayeux Calvados-Normandy Award for war correspondents and has been twice a finalist for the Livingston Awards. Rosen is the author of two nonfiction books, Bulletproof Vest and Troubled: The Failed Promise of America’s Behavioral Treatment Programs, which were published in 2020 and 2021 respectively. He is a contributing writer at Wired. He has also written for The New Yorker, The New York Times, The Atavist, Politico and others.

Livingston Award
The Livingston Awards at the University of Michigan are American journalism awards issued to media professionals under the age of 35 for local, national, and international reporting. They are the largest, all-media, general reporting prizes in America. Popularly referred to as the "Pulitzer for the Young", the awards have recognized the early talent of journalists, including Michele Norris, Christiane Amanpour, David Remnick, Ira Glass, J. R. Moehringer, Thomas Friedman, Rick Atkinson, David Isay, Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Tom Ashbrook, Nicholas Confessore, C. J. Chivers, Michael S. Schmidt, and Ronan Farrow.
De Vloek
De Vloek (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈvluk]; 'The Curse') was a squatted, self-managed social centre in The Hague, the Netherlands, between 2002 and 2015. Located on Hellingweg 127 in Scheveningen, beside the North Sea, the squat hosted workplaces, living spaces, a venue, and a vegan restaurant. The local council tolerated the occupation until 2014, when it decided to sell the building. A political struggle over the eviction began; some political parties supported the squatters and the Scheveningen Pier was briefly occupied as a protest action. A deal was made for the squatters to move to a former school building and the Vloek was eventually evicted in September 2015.

Scheveningen Pier
The Scheveningen Pier is a pleasure pier in the Dutch resort town of Scheveningen near The Hague. Opened in 1961, the current pier is the second in the town, the first being lost just after, and as a result of, the Second World War.
Judith Clark (curator)
Judith Clark (born 1967) is an exhibition-maker and art director living in  London. Clark is Professor of Fashion and Museology at University of the Arts London in London and Co-Director (with Amy de la Haye) of the Centre for Fashion Curation (London College of Fashion). She is visiting professor at Università Iuav di Venezia (IUAV), Venice, and Associate Fellow at City and Guilds of London Art School.

Università Iuav di Venezia
Iuav University of Venice (Italian: Università Iuav di Venezia) is a university in Venice, Italy. It was founded in 1926 as the Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia as one of the first architecture schools in Italy. The university offers several undergraduate, graduate and higher education courses in architecture, urban planning, fashion, arts, and design.

It is a design-themed university focusing on the teaching, research, and practice of the design of living spaces and environments (buildings, cities, landscapes and territory) and in the design of everyday use objects, of fashion and of graphics. It has also a more recent courses in visual arts, theatre and performing arts, and multimedia events.
Nalla Thanka
Nalla Thanka is a 1950 Indian Malayalam-language mythological film directed by P. V. Krishna Iyer and produced by K. V. Koshy and Kunchacko under the banner of Udaya Studios and K & K Combines. It was the second film produced at the Udaya Studios, the first being Vellinakshatram (1949). The film stars Miss Kumari in the title role along with Augustine Joseph, Vaikom Mani and Miss Omana in other supporting roles. The film is based on the legend of Nalla Thanka, which is based on a popular Tamil folk tale.

Vellinakshatram (1949 film)
Vellinakshatram (lit. 'Silver-star') is a 1949 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Felix J. H. Baez, who also handled special effects. It was produced by Kunchacko and K. V. Koshy in their debut production. The film stars Gayaka Peethambaram, P. Lalitha Devi, Alleppey Vincent, K. Ramakrishna Pillai, Kandiyoor Parameshwarankutty, Joseph Mulavana, and P. A. Ambujam. It was the debut film produced at Udaya Studios, the acting debut of Miss Kumari, and debut of K. D. George as film editor. Its music was composed by B. A. Chidambaranath, who debuted with this film.

Vellinakshatram was released in theatres on 14 January 1949. No print of the film exists today, making it a lost film. It was the seventh Malayalam-language film to be released in Malayalam cinema.
Utah State Route 114
State Route 114 (SR-114) is a state highway in the US state of Utah that spans 10.79 miles (17.36 km) in Utah County. The route forms a loop around  US-89 and roughly parallels the coast of Utah Lake as it passes through the west side of Provo, Lindon and Orem, eventually terminating in Pleasant Grove. The highway consists of a portion of Center Street and all of Geneva Road. The highway was formed in 1931, the southern terminus initially extending into the east side of Provo. In 1965, the route was truncated to its present state.

Provo, Utah
Provo (/ˈproʊ.voʊ/ PROH-voh) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front, and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City.

Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups. The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002.
Roger Sargent (chemical engineer)
Roger William Herbert Sargent FREng FSA (14 October 1926 – 11 September 2018) was an English chemical engineer who was Courtaulds professor of Chemical engineering at Imperial College London and "the father" of the discipline of Process Systems Engineering.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
American Shetland Pony
The American Shetland Pony is an American breed of pony. It derives from the 
traditional Shetland Pony from the Shetland Isles of Scotland, but as a result of cross-breeding with other horse and pony breeds, is taller and more elegant.: 435  It does not have the thick coat of the traditional Shetland, and in conformation is more similar to the Hackney Pony, with some Arab influence.: 243  It is the most numerous pony breed in the United States; numbers in 1994 were estimated at over 50,000. It is one of two American pony breeds derived from the traditional Shetland, the other being the Pony of the Americas.: 243

Hackney pony
The Hackney pony is a breed of pony closely related to the Hackney horse. Originally bred to pull carriages, they are used today primarily as show ponies. The breed does not have its own stud book, but shares one with the Hackney horse in all countries that have an official Hackney Stud Book Registry.
Tragedy Spring
Tragedy Spring is a small alpine freshwater spring and historical site in southern El Dorado County, California. It was named after an incident on June 27, 1848, in which three Mormon men (who were among the group blazing the Mormon Emigrant Trail) were killed, allegedly by Indigenous peoples. For many years, a tree carving with the names of the murdered men—Daniel Browett, Ezrah H. Allen, and Henderson Cox—stood as a memorial at their gravesite, before it was cut out and moved indoors for preservation; today it is located in the museum located at Marshall Gold Discovery State Historic Park in Coloma, California.

The site is located adjacent to Highway 88, approximately two miles west of Silver Lake. Presently, a few memorials to the tragedy are located at a small forest park, established at the site in 1967.

California Trail
The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 1,600 mi (2,600 km) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California. After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte, and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming. The trail has several splits and cutoffs for alternative routes around major landforms and to different destinations, with a combined length of over 5,000 mi (8,000 km).
Kelly Moore (writer)
Kelly Moore is an American author and former attorney.

Her 1988 book Deadly Medicine, which focused on the crimes and trial of serial killer Genene Jones, was a New York Times bestseller for seven weeks. Amber House, the first installment in her young adult fiction series, co-written with her daughters Tucker Reed and Larkin Reed, was published by Scholastic's Arthur A. Levine Books imprint on October 1, 2012.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Daesitiates
Daesitiates were an Illyrian tribe that lived on the territory of today's central Bosnia, during the time of the Roman Republic. Along with the Maezaei, the Daesitiates were part of the western group of Pannonians in Roman Dalmatia. They were prominent from the end of the 4th century BC up until the beginning of the 3rd century CE. Evidence of their daily activities can be found in literary sources, as well as in the rich material finds from Central Bosnian cultural group that is commonly associated with tribe of Daesitiates.

Dalmatia (Roman province)
Dalmatia was a Roman province. Its name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, which lived in the central area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It encompassed the northern part of present-day Albania, much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia, thus covering an area significantly larger than the current Croatian and Montenegrin region of Dalmatia. Originally this region was called Illyria (in Greek) or Illyricum (in Latin).

The province of Illyricum was dissolved and replaced by two separate provinces: Dalmatia and Pannonia.
Black-headed tody-flycatcher
The black-headed tody-flycatcher (Todirostrum nigriceps) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is a small, black and yellow, insectivorous bird.

Its call and song are composed of high pitched one-note chirps. Each vocalization is often confounded for the other. Its reproductive traits are not well documented but both parents contribute to building the nest and clutches only have one egg at a time. In 2021, the IUCN assessed its conservation status and deemed it of least concern.

Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
Bust of Sylvette
Bust of Sylvette is a large sculpture located in New York City's University Village, designed by Pablo Picasso and built by his collaborator Carl Nesjar. Constructed in 1968, the sculpture was declared a New York City landmark in 2008 along with the surrounding buildings.

Like Sylvette in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Bust of Sylvette is a sculpture inspired by Lydia Corbett, who was his muse for over 60 portraits in 1954.

Lydia Corbett
Lydia Corbett (born Sylvette David, 14 November 1934) is a French-English artist and former artist's model known for being "the girl with the ponytail" in Pablo Picasso's Sylvette series of paintings and a 1970 sculpture.
Big Top Academy
Big Top Academy is a musical children's TV show, that aired on TVO Kids throughout 2018 and 2019. The show stars a lengthy children's ensemble, including Drew Davis, Cameron Andres, Ava Ro, Liam Patenaude, Madison Brydges, Ellowyn Stanton, Riley O'Donnell, Samson Boldizar, Ana Elizaga Tecuapetla and Carson MacCormac.

The 52 episodes of the show started airing on June 10, 2018 on TVO Kids, and has also aired on Pop. The show can also be streamed on Hulu in the United States and Pop Player in the United Kingdom.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Big Top Academy: School's Out Edition started production, filming from the cast's houses. This 26 episodes of the reboot aired on TVO Kids and Pop Player, in 2020.

TVOKids
TVOKids (stylized as tvokids) is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by TVO (formerly TVOntario) in Canada. It was launched on April 1, 1994, and runs from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. daily. The brand also operates two 24-hour online live streams, one that features regular TVOkids programming (simulcast with broadcast television), and another dedicated to its original series Paw Patrol. These channels are targeted at ages from 2 to 11.
DRDO WhAP
The DRDO Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) is a family of eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers co-developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation and private industry. It is being developed to replace ageing in-service armoured personnel carriers of the Indian Army.

The first generation of the WhAP was developed Tata Advanced Systems as Tata Kestrel while the second generation is being developed by Mahindra Defence Systems.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
Aleksandar Tošić
Aleksandar Tosić (born 18 January 1970 in Belgrade, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian racing driver, who has competed in the European Touring Car Cup. He is a former ETCC Super Production champion, having won the title for the first time in 2011.

European Touring Car Cup
The FIA European Touring Car Cup was an annual touring car racing event, which had been held at various locations across Europe from 2005 to 2017. Unlike in previous years where it was a one-off event, in 2010 the series was a three-round event.
Patrick F. Kennedy
Patrick Francis Kennedy (born June 22, 1949) is a former career Foreign Service Officer who served as the U.S. State Department's Under Secretary of State for Management. He was Director of the Office of Management Policy, Rightsizing and Innovation. He has been Deputy Director for Management at the cabinet level Office of the Director of National Intelligence; he returned to the Department of State on May 7, 2007. Kennedy was U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations for Management and Reform and previously served as Chief of Staff for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. He was the Assistant Secretary of State for Administration for the Clinton Administration from 1993 to 2001. In 2014, Kennedy was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Under Secretary of State for Management
The under secretary of state for management (M) is a position within the United States Department of State that serves as principal adviser to the secretary of state and deputy secretary of state on matters relating to the allocation and use of Department of State budget, physical property, and personnel, including planning, the day-to-day administration of the Department, and proposals for institutional reform and modernization.

The under secretary is appointed by the president of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate to serve at the request of the president.

In 2021, President Joe Biden nominated John R. Bass, a career foreign service officer and former ambassador, to the position.
Charles B. Penrose
Charles Bingham Penrose (October 6, 1798 – April 6, 1857) was an American politician who served as a Democratic-Republican and Whig member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 16th and 14th district from 1833 to 1841 and as a Republican member for the 1st district in 1857.  He served as Speaker of the Pennsylvania Senate from 1838 to 1839 and again in 1841. He was a key figure during the Buckshot War unrest in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, after the 1838 legislative election, when both Whigs and Democrats claimed control over the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

He served as Solicitor of the United States Treasury from 1841 to 1845 in the William Henry Harrison and John Tyler administrations and as the first Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in 1849 during the Zachary Taylor administration.

President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate
The president pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate (also known more commonly as the "president pro-tem") is a constitutionally-created office in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The current president pro tempore is Republican Kim Ward.
Feya Tarn
Feya Tarn (Bulgarian: езеро Фея, romanized: ezero Feya, IPA: [ˈɛzɛro ˈfɛjɐ]) is the oval-shaped 65 m long in south–north direction and 60 m wide tarn on eastern Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a surface area of 0.28 ha and drains northwards into Barclay Bay by way of Eridanus Stream.

The feature is named after the mythical creatures in European folklore, Feya being the Bulgarian for Fay, Fairy.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Matjiesrivier Nature Reserve
The Matjiesrivier Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in the north of the Western Cape province, close to the Cederberg Nature Reserve which borders its northwestern limit. It is part of the Cape Floral Kingdom ecosystem and is one of the Cape Floral Region Protected Areas.

It was purchased in 1995 by WWF South Africa and has since been managed by CapeNature, the Western Cape Province's state conservation agency.

Its subsoil has a predominance of slate which favors the karoo (semi-desert type vegetation) on the fynbos.

There are remarkable quantities of cave paintings by the  Khoi-San (or Khoi) bushmen, in such numbers that new discoveries are regularly made. These rock paintings, which range in age from 300 to 6,000 years, trace the social and spiritual history of late Stone Age mankind, and are protected as National Monuments under the 1999 National Heritage Resources Act.

Cederberg
The Cederberg mountains are located near Clanwilliam, approximately 300 km north of Cape Town, South Africa at about 32°30′S 19°0′E﻿ / ﻿32.500°S 19.000°E﻿ / -32.500; 19.000. The mountain range is named after the endangered Clanwilliam cedar (Widdringtonia cedarbergensis), which is a tree endemic to the area. The mountains are noted for dramatic rock formations and San rock art. The Cederberg Wilderness Area is administered by CapeNature.

Cederberg is now the generally accepted spelling for the area, which combines the English (Cedarberg) and Afrikaans (Sederberg) variants.
Hyas
Hyas (Ancient Greek: Ὑάς, romanized: Hūás, [hyːás]; /ˈhaɪ.əs/), in Greek mythology, was a Boeotian who was regarded as the ancestor of the ancient Hyantes (Ὕαντες), who were the aboriginal inhabitants of Boeotia. His name means rain from hyô, hyetos.

Boeotia
Boeotia (/biˈoʊʃ(i)ə/ bee-OH-sh(ee-)ə; Greek: Βοιωτία, pronounced [vi.oˈti.a]; Ancient Greek: Βοιωτῐ́ᾱ, romanized: Boiōtĭ́ā) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Greece. Its capital is Livadeia, and its largest city is Thebes.

Boeotia was also a region of ancient Greece, from before the 6th century BC.