hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lithuanian phonology
Lithuanian has 11 vowels and 45 consonants, including 22 pairs of consonants distinguished by the presence or absence of palatalization. Most vowels come in pairs which are differentiated through length and degree of centralization.

Only one syllable in the word bears the accent, but exactly which syllable is often unpredictable. Accented syllables are marked with either a falling or rising tone. Its location in a word may also be affected during inflection.

Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ ⓘ, US also /-lɪ-/) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript j, ⟨ʲ⟩, to the base letter. Palatalization is not phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian; Uralic languages such as Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Enets and Mansi; Northwest Caucasian languages such as Abkhaz; and other various languages such as Irish, Lithuanian, Marshallese and Kashmiri.
10th Pennsylvania Regiment
The 10th Pennsylvania Regiment was an American infantry unit that served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Raised in September 1776 in the strength of eight companies, it was assigned to George Washington's main army in December 1776. Led by Colonel Joseph Penrose, the regiment fought under Thomas Mifflin at Princeton. In 1777 the unit was in action at Brandywine, Paoli, and Germantown during the time Adam Hubley was lieutenant colonel. At Monmouth in June 1778 Colonel George Nagel was in command. A few days after Monmouth, the regiment absorbed the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment and Colonel Richard Humpton took over the unit, which grew to nine companies in size. In 1780 the 10th fought at Springfield and Bull's Ferry. In January 1781 the 10th Pennsylvania merged with the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment and ceased to exist.

Battle of Bull's Ferry
The Battle of Bull's Ferry on 20 and 21 July 1780 saw two American brigades under Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne attack a party of Loyalists led by Thomas Ward. The Loyalists successfully defended a blockhouse against an ineffective bombardment by four American artillery pieces and a failed attempt to storm the position by Wayne's troops. During the action, American light dragoons under Major Henry Lee III drove off a large number of cattle that were kept in the area for the use of the British forces stationed in New York City. The clash inspired British Major John André to write a satirical ballad entitled The Cow Chace. The skirmish was fought at Bulls Ferry, New Jersey in the Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga. At this stage of the conflict only raids and minor actions occurred in the north.
Adriana Verelst
Adriana Verelst (c. 1683–1769) was an English portrait painter who was patronised by James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos and Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos.  She was the daughter of Herman Verelst, niece of Simon Verelst, sister of John Verelst (1670–1734) and aunt to William Verelst (1651–1702).

Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos
Cassandra Willoughby, Duchess of Chandos (23 April 1670 – 16 July 1735) was an English historian, travel writer and artist. She spent more than a quarter-century overseeing the restoration of the gardens and rebuilding of the family mansion at Wollaton Hall, now in Nottingham, inherited by her father, Francis Willoughby.
Balakrishnan Manikantan
Air Marshal Balakrishnan Manikantan, PVSM, AVSM,  VM is an officer of the Indian Air Force. He is currently serving as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Central Air Command. Previously, he served as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Air Command. He assumed the office on 1 May 2023 till 30 April 2025 succeeding Air Marshal Jonnalagedda Chalapati.

Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) (IAST: Parama Viśiṣṭa Sēvā, lit. 'Supreme Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India. It is the highest peacetime medal of the Indian Armed Forces, and is awarded for "distinguished service of the most exceptional order." The medal is awarded for "distinguished service rendered by personnel of the Armed Forces."

All ranks of the Armed Forces, including Territorial Army, Auxiliary and Reserve forces, Nursing officers and other members of the Nursing services and other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded multiple times as well as posthumously.
Teluk Intan Hospital
Teluk Intan Hospital (Malay: Hospital Teluk Intan) is a hospital in Teluk Intan, Hilir Perak District, Perak, Malaysia. It was built to serve the residents around the Hilir Perak, which covers an area of about 667 square miles (1,730 km2) and it has 548 beds.

Hilir Perak District
Hilir Perak District (lit. 'Lower Perak') is a district in Perak, Malaysia. The district is governed by Teluk Intan Municipal Council which is based in the town of Teluk Intan. The District council was known as Hilir Perak District Council until 4 April 2004, when it was upgraded to Municipality status. Teluk Intan town is the district's principal urban center while smaller towns include Langkap town and Chenderong Balai town.

Teluk Intan town is on the southeast bank of the Perak River, opposite the kampong of Sungai Durian.

Langkap town housing an Immigration Depot which is a detention centre for illegal immigrants around Perak state.
Miguel Civil
Miguel Civil (Miquel Civil i Desveus; May 7, 1926 – January 13, 2019) was an American Assyriologist and expert on Sumer and Ancient Mesopotamian studies at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute.  According to his colleague, Christopher Woods, at the time of his death, Civil knew the Sumerian language better than anyone since it was last spoken 4000 years ago.

Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
The Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia and North Africa (ISAC), formerly known as the Oriental Institute (OI), is a research institute and museum of the University of Chicago, located in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Established in May 1919, the institute was founded by Egyptologist and professor James Henry Breasted with funds donated by John D. Rockefeller Jr. It conducts research on ancient civilizations throughout the Near East, including at its facility, Chicago House, in Luxor, Egypt. The institute also publicly exhibits an extensive collection of artifacts related to ancient civilizations and archaeological discoveries at its on-campus building in Hyde Park, Chicago. According to anthropologist William Parkinson of the Field Museum of Natural History, the institute's highly focused "near Eastern, or southwest Asian and Egyptian" collection is one of the finest in the world.
Epodes (Horace)
The Epodes (Latin: Epodi or Epodon liber; also called Iambi) are a collection of iambic poems written by the Roman poet Horace. They were published in 30 BC and form part of his early work alongside the Satires. Following the model of the Greek poets Archilochus and Hipponax, the Epodes largely fall into the genre of blame poetry, which seeks to discredit and humiliate its targets.

The 17 poems of the Epodes cover a variety of topics, including politics, magic, eroticism and food. A product of the turbulent final years of the Roman Republic, the collection is known for its striking depiction of Rome's socio-political ills in a time of great upheaval. Due to their recurring coarseness and explicit treatment of sexuality, the Epodes have traditionally been Horace's least regarded work. However, the last quarter of the 20th century saw a resurgence in scholarly interest in the collection.

Archilochus
Archilochus (/ɑːrˈkɪləkəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρχίλοχος Arkhílokhos; c. 680 – c. 645 BC) was an iambic poet of the Archaic period from the island of Paros. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of poetic meters, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost entirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences.
Alexander van Oudenaarden
Alexander van Oudenaarden (19 March 1970) is a Dutch biophysicist and systems biologist. He is a researcher in stem cell biology, specialising in single cell techniques. In 2012 he started as director of the Hubrecht Institute and was awarded three times an ERC Advanced Grant, in 2012, 2017, and 2022. He was awarded the Spinoza Prize in 2017.

Spinoza Prize
The Spinoza Prize (Dutch: Spinozapremie) is an annual award of 1.5 million euro prize money, to be spent on new research given by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The award is the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. It is named after the philosopher Baruch de Spinoza.

The prize is awarded to researchers in the Netherlands who belong to the best in their field. Academics can nominate each other and an international commission evaluates the submissions. It is sometimes referred to as the Dutch Nobel Prize.
Jebel Al Mebrah
Jabal Yibir (Arabic: جَبَل يِبِر), also known as Jabal Mebrah or Jabal Al-Mebrah (Arabic: جَبَل ٱلْمبْرَح, romanized: Jabal Mibraḥ), is a mountain located in the western part of the Hajar Mountains, northeast of the United Arab Emirates, between the emirates of Fujairah and Ras Al Khaimah.

Its summit is located in the Emirate of Fujairah, and has an elevation of 1,527 m (5,010 ft), a prominence of 216 m (709 ft), and a topographic isolation of 4.93 km (3.06 mi).

It is the highest mountain in the Emirate of Fujairah and is part of a larger elevated massif, surrounded by steep slopes and other smaller peaks that exceed 1,400 m (4,600 ft) in altitude, delimiting the Water Divide Line between the drainage basin of Wadi Tawiyean and Wadi Naqab.

Emirate of Fujairah
The Emirate of Fujairah (Arabic: إِمَـارَة ٱلْفُجَيْرَة Al-Fuǧaira MSA: /al fud͡ʒajra/ Emirati Arabic : [ɪl fʊd͡ʒe̞ːrä]) is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, the only one of the seven with a coastline solely on the Gulf of Oman and none on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Fujairah.
Nintendo optical discs
Nintendo optical discs are physical media used to distribute video games on three of Nintendo's consoles that released between 2001 and 2012. Manufactured and developed by Panasonic, these are the GameCube Game Disc, Wii Optical Disc, and Wii U Optical Disc. Nintendo used disc-based media for physical games after the Nintendo 64's Game Pak and stopped using them starting with the Nintendo Switch's game card.

The physical size of a GameCube Game Disc is that of a miniDVD; Wii Optical Discs are based on DVD format, and Wii U Optical Discs are based on Blu-ray format. To maintain backward compatibility between generations of game consoles, GameCube discs are compatible with the first model of the Wii, and Wii Optical Discs are compatible with the Wii U. A burst cutting area is located at the inner ring of the disc surface.

Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. Such breaking usually incurs various types of costs, such as switching cost.

A complementary concept is forward compatibility; a design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products.
Wotansvolk
Wotansvolk (English: "Odin's Folk") promulgates a white nationalist variant of Neo-Paganism—founded in the early 1990s by Ron McVan, Katja Lane and David Lane (1938–2007) while Lane was serving a 190-year prison sentence for his actions in connection with the white supremacist revolutionary domestic terrorist organization The Order. After the founding of 14 Word Press by David Lane and his wife Katja to disseminate her husband's writings, Ron McVan joined the press in 1995 and founded Temple of Wotan (co-writing a book by that name). 14 Word Press – Wotansvolk proceeded to publish several books for the practice of Wotanism before becoming defunct in the early 2000s.

Domestic terrorism
Domestic terrorism or homegrown terrorism is a form of terrorism in which victims "within a country are targeted by a perpetrator with the same citizenship" as the victims. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it.

Unlike domestic terrorism, state terrorism is that perpetrated by nation states, but is not considered such by the state conducting it, making legality a grey area.
2019 Birmingham Legion FC season
The 2019 Birmingham Legion FC season was the club's inaugural season and their first in the USL Championship, the second tier of American soccer. The season covers the period from the founding of the club to the start of the 2020 USL Championship season.

Birmingham Legion FC
Birmingham Legion FC is an American professional soccer club based in Birmingham, Alabama, that competes in the USL Championship, the second division of American soccer. The team was established in August 2013 and played under the name Birmingham Hammers until 2018 and began their first professional season as Legion FC on March 10, 2019.
Aledjuq of Hatuqay
Aledjuq (Adyghe: Джанбэч ыкъо Алэджыкъу; also known as Elok) was a 16th-century Circassian prince and military leader of the Principality of Hatuqay. Led by him, the Hatuqay resisted the Crimean Khanate during the 1550s. He also later participated in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590).

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Johannes Post
Johannes Post (4 October 1906 – 16 July 1944) was a Dutch resistance leader during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. He helped lead part of the Landelijke Knokploegen and hid Jews in his village, Nieuwlande. Post was recognized as Righteous Among the Nations in 1965.

Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten
The Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (BS; English: 'Domestic Armed Forces'), fully the Nederlandse Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (NBS), was a government-sanctioned union of Dutch resistance groups during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II, which had hardly cooperated until then.
Stefan Everts
Stefan Everts  (born 25 November 1972) is a Belgian former professional motocross racer and racing team manager. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 1988 to 2006. Everts is notable for winning a record 10 FIM motocross world championships and 101 motocross Grand Prix race victories, making him the most successful competitor in the history of the Motocross World Championships. In 2003, Everts was named the recipient of the Belgian National Sports Merit Award.

Motocross World Championship
The FIM Motocross World Championship is the premier championship of motocross racing, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), divided into two distinct classes: MXGP and MX2. Race duration is 30 minutes plus two laps per race. The series runs 20 events with two races per class,  including a point-scoring qualification race.
The FIM Women's Motocross World Championship (MXW) is a women-only motocross championship, inaugurated in 2005, and is a feeder series to the FIM Motocross World Championship.
Juan Martínez Sepúlveda
Juan Martínez Sepúlveda (25 September 1943 – 9 May 2025) was a Chilean politician. A member of the Socialist Party and the Broad Party of Socialist Left, he served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1990 to 1994.

Martínez died on 9 May 2025, at the age of 81.

Socialist Party of Chile
The Socialist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Socialista de Chile, PS) is a centre-left political party founded in 1933.

Its historic leader was President of Chile Salvador Allende, who was deposed in a coup d'état by General Augusto Pinochet in 1973. The military junta immediately banned socialist, Marxist and other leftist political parties. Members of the Socialist party and other leftists were subject to violent suppression, including torture and murder, under the Pinochet dictatorship, and many went into exile.

Twenty-seven years after the 1973 coup, Ricardo Lagos Escobar won the Presidency as the Socialist Party candidate in the 1999–2000 Chilean presidential election. Socialist Michelle Bachelet won the 2005–06 Chilean presidential election. She was the first female president of Chile and was succeeded by Sebastián Piñera in 2010. In the 2013 Chilean general election, she was again elected president, leaving office in 2018.
Kaoh Chbar
12°54′N 106°1′E﻿ / ﻿12.900°N 106.017°E﻿ / 12.900; 106.017

Kaoh Chbar  (also transliterated Koh Chbar) is a village in Kaoh Khnhaer Commune, Sambour District, Kratie Province, Cambodia. It lies on the Mekong river.

Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River (UK: /miːˈkɒŋ/ mee-KONG, US: /ˌmeɪˈkɔːŋ/ may-KAWNG) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of 4,909 km (3,050 mi) and a drainage area of 795,000 km2 (307,000 sq mi), discharging 475 km3 (114 cu mi) of water annually. From its headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through Southwest China (where it is officially called the Lancang River), Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam. The extreme seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls in the Mekong make navigation difficult, though the river remains a major trade route between Tibet and Southeast Asia. The construction of hydroelectric dams along the Mekong in the 2000s through the 2020s has caused serious problems for the river's ecosystem, including the exacerbation of drought.
Dallas Hall
Dallas Hall is a historic building on the campus of Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Texas. Influenced by the Roman Pantheon and architecture by Thomas Jefferson, it was constructed by the architectural firm of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in 1915. The first building on campus, it housed most of the university's operations. The campus has since been expanded around Dallas Hall, but it remains the center of SMU. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Dallas County, Texas. There are 35 districts, 115 individual properties, and three former properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two districts and one individually listed property are also National Historic Landmarks. Four individually listed properties are State Antiquities Landmarks with five districts containing several more. Twenty-two individual properties are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks while seven districts host multiple additional RTHLs.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 2, 2026.
Bishara Bahbah
Bishara Bahbah (بشارة بحبح; born 1958 in Jerusalem) is a Palestinian-American academic, businessman, and political activist. He has taught at universities including Brigham Young University, Harvard Kennedy School, Al-Quds University, and Bethlehem University. He has directed Palestinian advocacy, educational, and charitable organizations including United Palestinian Appeal, the National Association of Arab Americans, and the Center for Policy Analysis on Palestine. In the 1990s, Bahbah served as an adviser to Yasser Arafat, and was a Palestinian delegate in peace talks with Israel. In 2024, he established Arab Americans for Trump, which later rebranded to Arab Americans for Peace in February 2025. He also helped facilitate negotiations between Hamas and the Trump administration in 2025.

Al-Quds University
Al-Quds University (Arabic: جامعة القدس, romanized: Jāmiʿat al-Quds, lit. 'Jerusalem University') is a public university in the Jerusalem Governorate, Palestine. The main campus is located in Abu Dis town, near Jerusalem, with three more campuses in Jerusalem and other campuses in Ramallah and Hebron. It was established in 1984, by merger of more local institutions in Jerusalem.

It is one of the highly ranked universities in Palestine. In 2023, Al Quds University achieved 5–star rating in Quality Standards. The university is locally known for its innovation programs in the field of high–tech industry and collaborations. In 2017, it was ranked as "most socially responsible university" in the Arab world. In 2002, Al–Quds Medical School, the medical branch of the university, received official recognition from governing bodies in the United States and Europe.
Bioinformatic Harvester
The Bioinformatic Harvester was a bioinformatic meta search engine created by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and subsequently hosted and further developed by KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology for genes and protein-associated information. Harvester currently works for human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, drosophila and arabidopsis thaliana based information. Harvester cross-links >50 popular bioinformatic resources and allows cross searches. Harvester serves tens of thousands of pages every day to scientists and physicians. Since 2014 the service is down.

International Protein Index
The International Protein Index (IPI) is a defunct protein database launched in 2001 by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and closed in 2011. Its purpose was to provide the proteomics community with a resource that enables

accession numbers from a variety of bioinformatics databases to be mapped

a complete set of proteins for a species i.e. a reference set

In its last version, the IPI contained the complete reference sets for six animal species: Homo sapiens (human), Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Bos taurus (cattle), Gallus gallus (chicken) and Danio rerio (zebrafish); and one plant species: Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). The human, mouse and rat datasets were the first to be developed, combining information taken from the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Ensembl and RefSeq databases.
Mykal Walker
Mykal Walker (born August 28, 1997) is an American professional football linebacker for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Azusa Pacific Cougars and Fresno State Bulldogs and was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the fourth round of the 2020 NFL draft. Walker has also been a member of the Chicago Bears, Las Vegas Raiders, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Washington Commanders.

Fresno State Bulldogs football
The Fresno State Bulldogs football team represents California State University, Fresno, in NCAA Division I FBS college football as a member of the Mountain West Conference (Pac-12 Conference in 2026). The green "V" on the Bulldogs' helmets, uniforms, and playing field symbolizes California's Central Valley, specifically the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural valley from which they draw their support.