hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Green Clay
Green Clay (August 14, 1757 – October 31, 1828) was an American businessman, planter, military officer and politician in Virginia and Kentucky. Clay served in the American Revolutionary War and helped form the new state of Kentucky after representing its Madison County in the Virginia Ratifying Convention of 1788 and in the Virginia House of Delegates which ultimately authorized creation of the new state of Kentucky. He also served in Kentucky's constitutional convention and in both houses of the Kentucky General Assembly, which would name a county for him in 1807. During the War of 1812 Clay was commissioned as a general and led the Kentucky militia in the relief of Fort Meigs in Ohio. He was believed to be one of the wealthiest men of the state, owning tens of thousands of acres of land, many slaves, several distilleries, a tavern, and ferries, although one of his sons, Cassius Marcellus Clay would become a prominent abolitionist.

Kentucky militia
The Kentucky militia was a militia of what is now the U.S. state of Kentucky. It was formed in 1775 during the American Revolution. It mostly consisted of hunters and farmers. Members of the militia had a role in the formation of Kentucky as a state and the militia was maintained after statehood in 1792.

The Kentucky Militia fought in the Battle of Blue Licks on August 19, 1782, and lost 72 men in the battle.
Imperial Guard (Iran)
The Imperial Guard of Iran (Persian: گارد شاهنشاهی ایران, romanized: gârd-e-šâhənšâhi-e irân), also known as Imperial Guard (Persian: گارد شاهنشاهی, romanized: gārd-e šāhanšāhi), was both the personal guard force of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, and an elite combat branch of the Imperial Iranian Army. It was created in 1942 and disbanded in 1979 following the Iranian Revolution. It was named after the Immortals, an elite unit of 10,000 Persian soldiers in the army of the Achaemenid Empire.

Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces (Persian: نیروی زمینی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Niruye Zaminiye Arteše Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân) (Persian: نزاجا, NEZAJA) are the conventional ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces (Artesh). In Iran, it is also called Artesh, (ارتش) which is Persian for "army."

In 2025, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the regular Iranian Army ground forces had 350,000 personnel. Conscripts serve for 21 months as of 2015. Iran has two parallel land forces with some integration at the command level: the regular Artesh (Army), and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, also known as the Sepâh (IRGC). Thus the IRGC Ground Forces parallel the Artesh's regular ground forces.
Vadims Fjodorovs
Vadims Fjodorovs (born 14 March 1977 in Daugavpils) is a Latvian former football goalkeeper, currently a goalkeeping coach for Daugava Daugavpils in the Latvian Higher League.

He played for FC Dinaburg, but after the club's elimination from Virsliga in 2009, he became an unrestricted free agent and joined FC Daugava. In 2001, while playing for FC Dinaburg, Fjodorovs was voted Latvia's Goalkeeper of the Year.

He has also played for FC Tyumen in the Russian Second Division, FK Rēzekne and Lokomotiv Daugavpils.

Latvian Higher League
Latvian Higher League or Virslīga, also known as TonyBet Virslīga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Latvia and the highest level of the Latvian football league system. Organised by the Latvian Football Federation, the league is contested by ten clubs.
William Barksdale
William Barksdale (August 21, 1821 – July 3, 1863) was an American lawyer, newspaper editor, U.S. Representative, and Confederate general in the American Civil War. He served four terms as  Mississippi's 3rd district's member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1853 to 1861.

A staunch secessionist, he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg during an attack on U.S. Army forces near Cemetery Ridge.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal
The 2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal (PSP-N) was a factional dispute amongst the leadership over party control beginning in May and culminating in July, with the faction led by former Deputy Prime Minister Upendra Yadav succeeding over the faction of former First Chairman Mahantha Thakur. The dispute was settled as a result of a decision of the Election Commission, which handed control to Yadav's faction, forcing the departure of the Thakur faction from the PSP-N and requiring the formation of a new party.

Election Commission (Nepal)
The Election Commission, Nepal (Nepali: निर्वाचन आयोग, नेपाल; Nirvācana āyōg, Nēpāl) is a constitutional body responsible for conducting and monitoring elections, as well as registering parties and candidates and reporting election outcomes, in Nepal. It was born out of the 1950 revolution in Nepal, and was established in law in 1951, although it has been changed somewhat by law over time. It has six members who serve for six-year terms, as established by the Constitution of Nepal. During the Constituent Assembly elections in 2008, it was criticized for not fully upholding its duties, but was acknowledged to have managed the elections well nonetheless.

The first election commissioner was Subarna Shamsher Rana in 1951.
Jack Bergman
John Warren Bergman (born February 2, 1947) is an American politician and retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general serving as the U.S. representative from Michigan's 1st congressional district since 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He served as commanding general of the Marine Forces Reserve and the Marine Forces North. He also served as a naval aviator, flying rotary-winged aircraft such as the CH-46 and UH-1, as well as fixed-wing aircraft such as the T-28 and KC-130.

North American T-28 Trojan
The North American Aviation T-28 Trojan is a radial-engine military trainer aircraft manufactured by North American Aviation and used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft, primarily during the Vietnam War. It has continued in civilian use as an aerobatics and warbird performer.
George Godsey
George Robert Godsey (born January 1, 1979) is an American football coach and former player who is the current offensive coordinator at Georgia Tech. He was formerly the tight ends coach for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as an assistant coach for the Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans and New England Patriots, and as the co-offensive coordinator and sole offensive coordinator for the Dolphins and Texans, respectively.

Godsey played college football as a quarterback for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, earning first-team All-American honors in 2000 and setting several school records. He played professionally for one season in the Arena Football League (AFL) before becoming a coach. He first coached at Central Florida and then the NFL's New England Patriots before joining the Texans, Lions, and Dolphins, all of whom were coached by former Belichick assistants: Bill O'Brien, Matt Patricia, and Brian Flores respectively.

Matt Patricia
Matthew Edward Patricia (born September 13, 1974) is an American football coach who is currently the defensive coordinator for the Ohio State Buckeyes. He previously served 15 non-consecutive seasons as an assistant coach with the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL), including six seasons as the defensive coordinator from 2012 to 2017. During Patricia's tenure as defensive coordinator, the Patriots won two Super Bowls and allowed the fewest points in 2016. He also served as the Patriots' offensive playcaller in 2022. Patricia was also the head coach of the Detroit Lions from 2018 to 2020. He was named the defensive coordinator of Ohio State in 2025.
How Long 'til Black Future Month?
How Long 'til Black Future Month? is a collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by American novelist N. K. Jemisin. The book was published in November 2018 by Orbit Books, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. The name of the collection comes from an Afrofuturism essay (not included in the book) that Jemisin wrote in 2013. Four of the 22 stories included in the book had not been previously published; the others, written between 2004 and 2017, had been originally published in speculative fiction magazines and other short story collections. The settings for three of the stories were developed into full-length novels after their original publication: The Killing Moon, The Fifth Season, and The City We Became.

The Killing Moon (novel)
The Killing Moon is a fantasy novel by N. K. Jemisin, the first novel in the Dreamblood Duology. It was followed by The Shadowed Sun. Released on May 1, 2012 by Orbit Books, The Killing Moon centers on a series of murders and a potential magic war.
Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir
Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir (born 25 July 1986) is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a striker. She is the all-time top goalscorer of the Iceland national team and competed for her country at the UEFA Women's Championships in 2009 and 2013. In a club career sometimes disrupted by injury, Margrét Lára represented ÍBV and Valur of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild, Duisburg and Turbine Potsdam of the Frauen-Bundesliga, and Linköpings and Kristianstads DFF of the Damallsvenskan.

Margrét Lára is the elder sister of Elísa Viðarsdóttir, who also played for Iceland's national team.

Besta deild kvenna
The Besta deild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Best Division') is the top-tier women's football league in Iceland. It features 10 teams that play a double round robin to decide the champion, which qualifies for a spot in the UEFA Women's Champions League. The 2022 season was the first season of the league after it was rebranded as Besta deild kvenna; previously, it had been named Úrvalsdeild kvenna (lit. 'Women's Elite League').
Franklin O-350
The Franklin O-350 (company designation 6A-350) was an American air-cooled aircraft engine of the 1960s. The engine was of six-cylinder, horizontally-opposed layout and displaced 350 cu in (6 L). The power output was 235 hp (175 kW). The 6V-350 was a vertically mounted, fan cooled version for helicopters.

Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).
Archelaus of Cilicia
Archelaus (Greek: Ἀρχέλαος; born before 8 BC; died 38 AD) was a Cappadocian prince and a Roman client king of Cilicia Trachea and Eastern Lycaonia. He is sometimes called Archelaus Minor (Minor which is Latin for the younger) and Archelaus II to distinguish him from his father Archelaus of Cappadocia.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Urban Kiz
Urbankiz (or UrbanKiz) is a partner dance and music genre that developed in Paris during the 2010s. The dance evolved from Kizomba and incorporates various music styles such as Ghetto-Zouk, Tarraxinha, Afrobeat and remixes with R&B, Rap and Hip Hop.

Kizomba
Kizomba is a social dance and music genre that originated in Angola during late 1970s to early 1980s. Kizomba is a national heritage of Angola and means "party" in Kimbundu. Traditionally, kizomba was danced with family, friends, and acquaintances in social settings such as parties and weddings, but is nowadays also enjoyed in clubs as well as other settings such as Kizomba Na Rua (Kizomba on the street) that are popular in Luanda.
Mikami Taku
Mikami Taku or Mikami Takashi (三上 卓, 22 March 1905 – 25 October 1971) was a lieutenant in the Imperial Japanese Navy, who participated in the May 15 Incident in which Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was assassinated.

He composed the "Ode of Showa Restoration" as an anthem for the Young Officers Movement.

Inukai Tsuyoshi
Inukai Tsuyoshi (Japanese: 犬養 毅, 4 June 1855 – 15 May 1932) was a Japanese statesman who served as prime minister of Japan from 1931 to his assassination in 1932. At the age of 76, Inukai was Japan's second oldest-serving prime minister, after Kantarō Suzuki whose term ended at the age of 77.
HaZore'a
HaZore'a (Hebrew: הַזּוֹרֵעַ, lit. The Sower, named after the neighbouring Tel Zariq, Hebrew: תל זריק) is a kibbutz in northern Israel established in 1936 by German Jews. It is the only kibbutz that was established by members of the Werkleute movement. Located in the western rim of the Jezreel Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,045.

Kibbutz Movement
The Kibbutz Movement (Hebrew: התנועה הקיבוצית, HaTnu'a HaKibbutzit) is the largest settlement movement for kibbutzim in Israel. It was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi and is made up of approximately 230 kibbutzim. It does not include the Religious Kibbutz Movement with its 16 kibbutzim or the two Poalei Agudat Yisrael-affiliated religious kibbutzim.
Yaudheya
Yaudheya (Brahmi script: 𑀬𑁅𑀥𑁂𑀬) or Yoddheya Gana (Yoddheya Republic) was an ancient military ganasangha (republic) based in the Eastern region of the Sapta Sindhu, in modern day Haryana. The word Yaudheya is a derivative of the word from yodha meaning warriors and according to Pāṇini, the suffix '-ya', was significant of warrior tribes, which is supported by their resistance to invading empires such as the Kushan Empire and the Indo-Scythians. Rudradaman I of the Western Satraps notes in his Junagadh rock inscription that the Yaudheyas were 'heroes among all Kshatriya' and 'were loath to surrender'. They were noted as having a republic form of government, unique from other Janapadas which instead maintained monarchies.

Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman
The Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman, also known as the Girnar Rock inscription of Rudradaman, is a Sanskrit prose inscribed on a rock by the Western Satraps ruler Rudradaman I. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. The inscription is dated to shortly after 150 CE. The Junagadh rock contains inscriptions of one (of fourteen) the Major Rock Edicts of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, as well as inscriptions from the Saka ruler Rudradaman I and Skandagupta of the Gupta Empire.
Tucker Act
The Tucker Act (March 3, 1887, ch. 359, 24 Stat. 505, 28 U.S.C. § 1491) is a federal statute of the United States by which the United States government has waived its sovereign immunity with respect to certain lawsuits.

The Tucker Act may be divided into the "Big" Tucker Act, which applies to claims above $10,000 and gives jurisdiction to the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the "Little" Tucker Act (28 U.S.C. § 1346), the current version of which gives concurrent jurisdiction to the Court of Federal Claims and the District Courts "for the recovery of any internal-revenue tax alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority or any sum alleged to have been excessive or in any manner wrongfully collected under the internal-revenue laws", and for claims below $10,000.

Title 28 of the United States Code
Title 28 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure), also called the Judicial Code, is the portion of the United States Code (federal statutory law) that governs the federal judicial system.

It is divided into six parts:

Part I: Organization of Courts

Part II: Department of Justice

Part III: Court Officers and Employees

Part IV: Jurisdiction and Venue

Part V: Procedure

Part VI: Particular Proceedings
Kačer (region)
Kačer (Serbian: Качер) is a historical subregion (or microregion) in Šumadija in central Serbia. The most notable settlements are Ljig, Belanovica and Rudnik. It was a knežina (administrative unit) in Revolutionary Serbia and was then organized as a srez of the Rudnik okrug in the Principality of Serbia.

Ljig
Ljig (Serbian Cyrillic: Љиг) is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of western Serbia. It has a population of 2,938 inhabitants, while the municipality has a total of 10,711 inhabitants.

It is surrounded by Mount Rajac and Mount Rudnik.
Šamuḫa
Šamuḫa is an ancient Bronze Age settlement near the village of Kayalıpınar, Yıldızeli, c. 40 km west of Sivas, in the Sivas Province of Turkey. It was  a  city of the Hittites, a religious centre and, for a few years, a military capital for the empire. It is located on the northern bank of the Kizil Irmak river, which was called Marassanta by the Hittites and Halys during the classical era. Samuha's faith was syncretistic. Rene Lebrun in 1976 called Samuha the "religious foyer of the Hittite Empire".

Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯzɯlɯrmak], Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς) and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.
Inscrutability of reference
The inscrutability or indeterminacy of reference (also referential inscrutability) is a thesis by 20th century analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine in his book Word and Object.

The main claim of this theory is that any given sentence can be changed into a variety of other sentences where the parts of the sentence will change in what they reference, but they will nonetheless maintain the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

The referential relation is inscrutable, because it is subject to the background language and ontological commitments of the speaker.

Ontological commitment
In formal semantics, an ontological commitment of a language is one or more objects postulated to exist by that language. The 'existence' referred to need not be 'real', but exist only in a universe of discourse.  As an example, legal systems use vocabulary referring to 'legal persons' that are collective entities that have rights. One says the legal doctrine has an ontological commitment to non-singular individuals.

In information systems and artificial intelligence, where an ontology refers to a specific vocabulary and a set of explicit assumptions about the meaning and usage of these words, an ontological commitment is an agreement to use the shared vocabulary in a coherent and consistent manner within a specific context.

In philosophy, a "theory is ontologically committed to an object only if that object occurs in all the ontologies of that theory."
Marcel Jenni
Marcel Jenni (born 2 March 1974) is a professional ice hockey coach and former player who is the assistant coach for the Swiss National Men’s Ice Hockey Team. Jenni played over 1,000 professional games in the highest leagues of Switzerland (National League A - HC Lugano and EHC Kloten) and Sweden (Elitserien - Färjestad BK), as well as 17 appearances representing Switzerland in international competitions.

EHC Kloten
EHC Kloten is a professional ice hockey team based in Kloten in Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. It has one of the best youth systems in Swiss ice hockey as its youth teams have won 19 championships during the last 50 years. EHC Kloten won four consecutive Swiss championships from 1993 to 1996. They had never been relegated until the 2017–18 season. They returned to the NL following the 2021–22 season.

The team was called the Kloten Flyers between 2000 and 2016.
Joe Ward (boxer)
Joseph Ward (born 30 October 1993) is an Irish professional boxer. As an amateur, he won gold medals at the 2011, 2015 and 2017 European Championships, silver at the 2015 and 2017 World Championships and bronze at the 2013 edition, and represented Ireland at the 2016 Olympics, in the light-heavyweight division

2011 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2011 European Amateur Boxing Championships was held in Ankara, Turkey from June 17 to June 24, 2011. It was the 39th edition of this biennial competition organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, the EUBC.
East Wood, Great Casterton
East Wood is a 6.6-hectare (16-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Great Casterton in Rutland.

This semi-natural wood is on boulder clay of glacial origin. The dominant trees are ash, oak and wych elm, with a few wild service trees and small leaved limes. In well-drained areas there is a diverse ground flora typical of ancient woodland, and in the less well-drained parts,  tufted hair-grass predominates.

Torminalis
Torminalis is a genus of plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. The genus was formerly included within the genus Sorbus as the section Torminaria, but the simple-leafed species traditionally classified in Sorbus are now considered to form a separate monophyletic group. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Torminalis glaberrima, commonly known as wild service tree, chequers, and checker tree. This tree is native to Europe, parts of northern Africa and western Asia.
Nikolay Tsekhomsky
Nikolay Tsekhomsky (Russian: Николай Викторович Цехомский; born March 21, 1974, in Leningrad, USSR) is a Russian financier and senior manager. He has headed finance departments of MTS, Renaissance Capital and VTB banks; held the post of chairman of the board of Barclays bank Russia, and he was senior vice president and member of the board of Sberbank of Russia.

MTS (telecommunications)
MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) (Russian: МТС «Мобильные ТелеСистемы») is the largest telecommunications company and mobile network operator in Russia and Belarus, headquartered in Moscow, operating on GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G standards. Apart from cellular network, the company also offers local telephone service, broadband, mobile television, cable television, satellite television and digital television.

As of Q3 2024, the company serves over 87.6 million subscribers in Russia (81.9 million) and Belarus (5.7 million). MTS had previously operated in Uzbekistan until 2012, Turkmenistan until 2017, Ukraine until 2019 and Armenia until 2024.