hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ottoman ironclad Iclaliye
Iclaliye ("Glorious") was a unique ironclad warship built for the Ottoman Navy in the late 1860s and early 1870s. She was ordered from the Austro-Hungarian shipyard Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, was laid down in May 1868, and was completed in February 1871. The design for Iclaliye was based on the earlier Asar-i Şevket-class ironclads built in France, though she carried a slightly more powerful armament consisting of two 228 mm (9 in) Armstrong guns and three 178 mm (7 in) Armstrong guns. During the Russo-Turkish War she supported Ottoman forces fighting in the Caucasus. She spent most of the rest her career out of service, as the Ottoman Navy was allowed to languish. In 1912, the Navy activated the ancient Iclaliye to help provide artillery support to the forces defending Constantinople. She served in subsidiary roles, including as a training ship and a barracks ship, until 1928 when she was decommissioned and broken up.

Barracks ship
A barracks ship or barracks barge or berthing barge, or in civilian use accommodation vessel or accommodation ship, is a ship or a non-self-propelled barge containing a superstructure of a type suitable for use as a temporary barracks for sailors or other military personnel. A barracks ship, a military form of a dormitory ship, may also be used as a receiving unit for sailors who need temporary residence prior to being assigned to their ship. The United States Navy used to call them Yard Repair Berthing and Messing with designations YRBM and YRBM(L) and now classes them as either Auxiliary Personnel Barracks (APB) or  Auxiliary Personnel Lighter (aka barge) (APL).
Javi Chica
Francisco Javier "Javi" Chica Torres (born 17 May 1985) is a Spanish former professional footballer. Capable of appearing at either right or left-back, his main asset was his physical strength.

He spent the better part of his professional career with Espanyol, appearing in 136 competitive matches over a five-year spell. In La Liga, he also represented Betis.

Real Betis
Real Betis Balompié, S.A.D., known as Real Betis (pronounced [reˈal ˈβetis]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. It plays in La Liga, the top flight of Spanish football. It currently plays home games at the 70,000-seat Estadio de La Cartuja.

Real Betis won the league title in 1935 and the Copa del Rey in 1977, 2005 and 2022. Given the club's tumultuous history and many relegations, its motto is ¡Viva el Betis manque pierda! (Long live Betis even though they lose!).
Brussels tram route 19
The tram route 19 in Brussels, Belgium, is operated by STIB/MIVB, and connects the Flemish town of Groot-Bijgaarden in the municipality of Dilbeek to the De Wand stop in Laeken in the City of Brussels.

Laeken
Laeken (French, pronounced [lakœn] ⓘ) or Laken (Dutch, pronounced [ˈlaːkə(n)] ⓘ) is a residential suburb in the north-western part of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. It belongs to the municipality of the City of Brussels and is mostly identified by the Belgian postal code: 1020. Prior to 1921, it was a separate municipality.
Chandimandir Cantonment
Chandimandir Cantonment is a military cantonment of the Indian Army located in Panchkula district at the foot of the Sivalik Hills adjoining Panchkula city in Haryana. It is the headquarters of the Western Command of the Indian Army.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Alain Calmat
Alain Calmat (born 31 August 1940) is a French former competitive figure skater, surgeon, and politician. He is the 1964 Olympic silver medalist, the 1965 World champion, the 1962–1964 European champion, and the 1958 & 1962–1965 French national champion.

Figure skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1964 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympiahalle in Innsbruck, Austria. There were three events contested: men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating.

On February 15, 1961, the entire United States figure skating team and several family members, coaches, and officials were killed when Sabena Flight 548 crashed in Brussels, Belgium, en route to the World Championships in Prague. The accident caused the cancellation of the 1961 World Championships and necessitated the building of a new American skating program. Although American figure skaters were still too young in 1964 (most were aged 15 or lower), they still managed to win two medals.
Nilpena
Nilpena Station is a former pastoral lease in the northern Flinders Ranges in South Australia, since August 2025 acquired by the South Australian Government to become part of the Nilpena Ediacara National Park. Originally acquired by Thomas Elder and Robert Barr Smith in 1859, the property changed hands and uses as a sheep station and then cattle station over the years, until acquired by the Fargher family in the early 1980s. In 1985, the owners discovered Ediacaran fossils on the station, leading to further research and study by scientists on the property. In 2019, two-thirds of the property was sold to the Government of South Australia, to become part of the Nilpena Ediacara National Park when proclaimed in 2021. In August 2025, the rest of the property was sold to the government, enlarging the area of the national park and ensuring that the fossils are protected. The property is part of a bid for a large area of the Flinders Ranges to become a World Heritage Site.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
Horman
Horman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur T. Horman (1905 – 1964), American screenwriter

Charles Horman (1942–1973), journalist

Kyron Horman (born 2002), American missing person

William Horman (c. 1440–1535), headmaster

Disappearance of Kyron Horman
Kyron Richard Horman (born September 9, 2002) is an American boy who disappeared from Skyline Elementary School in Portland, Oregon, on June 4, 2010, after attending a science fair. Local and state police, along with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), conducted an exhaustive search and launched a criminal investigation, but have not uncovered any significant information regarding the child's whereabouts. Horman's disappearance sparked the largest criminal investigation in Oregon history. As of 2026, his whereabouts remain unknown, despite recently being mentioned in an declassified document related to Jeffrey Epstein.
Thor DSV-2U
The Thor DSV-2U or Thor LV-2F Star-37XE Star-37S-ISS was an American expendable launch system used to launch five DMSP weather satellites between 1976 and 1980. It was a member of the Thor family of rockets, and a derivative of the Thor DSV-2.

The first stage was a Thor missile in the DM-19 configuration. A Star-37XE was used as the second stage, and the third stage was a Star-37S-ISS.

Thor boosters used an erector system to hoist them up to the pad. While common on Soviet launch vehicles, this method was unusual in the US space program.

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) monitors meteorological, oceanographic, and solar-terrestrial physics for the United States Department of Defense. The program is managed by the United States Space Force with on-orbit operations provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The (originally classified) mission of the satellites was revealed in March 1973. They provide cloud cover imagery from polar orbits that are Sun-synchronous at nominal altitude of 830 km (520 mi).

All data ingestion, processing, and distribution by Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) was set to be permanently terminated as of June 30, 2025 due to a "significant cybersecurity risk." However, the Earth Science Division Director at NASA, Dr. Karen St. Germain, requested that the decommission be delayed due to the short notice provided. FNMOC now expects to continue to ingest and disseminate data until July 31, 2025.
Predecessor problem
In computer science, the predecessor problem involves maintaining a set of items to, given an element, efficiently query which element precedes or succeeds that element in an order. Data structures used to solve the problem include balanced binary search trees, van Emde Boas trees, and fusion trees. In the static predecessor problem, the set of elements does not change, but in the dynamic predecessor problem, insertions into and deletions from the set are allowed.

The predecessor problem is a simple case of the nearest neighbor problem, and data structures that solve it have applications in problems like integer sorting.

Self-balancing binary search tree
In computer science, a self-balancing binary search tree (BST) is any node-based binary search tree that automatically keeps its height (maximal number of levels below the root) small in the face of arbitrary item insertions and deletions.
These operations when designed for a self-balancing binary search tree, contain precautionary measures against boundlessly increasing tree height, so that these abstract data structures receive the attribute "self-balancing".

For height-balanced binary trees, the height is defined to be logarithmic  in the number  of items. This is the case for many binary search trees, such as AVL trees and red–black trees. Splay trees and treaps are self-balancing but not height-balanced, as their height is not guaranteed to be logarithmic in the number of items.

Self-balancing binary search trees provide efficient implementations for mutable ordered lists, and can be used for other abstract data structures such as associative arrays, priority queues and sets.
Coon Creek Formation
The Coon Creek Formation or Coon Creek Tongue is a geologic unit and Konservat-Lagerstätte located in western Tennessee and extreme northeast Mississippi. It is a sedimentary sandy marl deposit, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) in age, about 70 million years old. The formation is renowned for its pristine fossils of Late Cretaceous marine invertebrates, including gastropods, bivalves, decapod crustaceans, and ammonites, particularly at Coon Creek in McNairy County, Tennessee, which the formation is named for. It is also known for producing fosslis of marine vertebrates, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs. Notable fossils from this formation is the gastropod Turritella, the bivalve Pterotrigonia thoracica (the state fossil of Tennessee), as well as other fossils such as crabs.

It is alternately considered its own geologic formation (as the Coon Creek Formation) or a distinct member of the wider Ripley Formation (as the Coon Creek Member or the Coon Creek Tongue).

Stratigraphic unit
A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".
Don J. Briel
Don J. Briel (January 28, 1947 – February 15, 2018) was an American theologian who held the Blessed John Henry Newman Chair of Liberal Arts at the University of Mary in Bismarck, North Dakota from August 2014 until his death in 2018.  He was the founder of the Center for Catholic Studies at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he held the Koch Chair of Catholic Studies and served as Director from 1993 to 2014.

Center for Catholic Studies
The Center for Catholic Studies (University of St. Thomas, Minnesota) is a research institute founded in 1992, which aims to cultivate an interdisciplinary Catholic vision at the crossroads of faith and reason, spirituality and action, and Catholic thought and secular life. The Center collaborates with the Department of Catholic Studies in the College of Arts and Sciences.
Chillon Castle
Chillon Castle (French: Château de Chillon, pronounced [ʃɑto d(ə) ʃijɔ̃]) is a medieval island castle located on Lake Geneva, south of Veytaux in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It is situated at the eastern end of the lake, on the narrow shore between Montreux and Villeneuve, which gives access to the Alpine valley of the Rhône. Chillon is amongst the most visited medieval castles in Europe. Successively occupied by the House of Savoy, then by the Bernese from 1536 until 1798, it now belongs to the canton of Vaud and is classified as a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance.

Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva is a deep lake on the north side of the Alps, shared between Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe and the largest on the course of the Rhône. Sixty percent (345.31 km2 or 133.32 sq mi) of the lake belongs to Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Geneva and Valais) and forty percent (234.71 km2 or 90.62 sq mi) to France (the department of Haute-Savoie).
Elisha T. Gardner
Elisha Temple Gardner (April 23, 1811 – February 3, 1879) was an American lawyer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was a member of the last session of the Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory and the 1st and 2nd sessions of the Wisconsin State Senate.  He also served several local and county offices in Green County, Wisconsin.  In historical documents, he is often referred to as E. T. Gardner.

Green County, Wisconsin
Green County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,093. Its county seat is Monroe. Green County is included in the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Udipur
Udipur  (Nepali: उदीपुर) is a town and market place at Besishahar Municipality in Lamjung District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. The Besishahar Municipality was formed by merging the existing Village Development Committees i.e. Besishahar, Gaunshahar, Udipur & Chandisthan on May 15, 2014. Middle Marshyandi Hydro Electricity is located in this place. The famous temple of Udipur Kalika is located here. This place is in the way of Annapurna Conservation Area. The Dumre-Besishahar-Chame highway also goes from this place. Here are different casts and religions.

Lamjung District
Lamjung District (Nepali: लमजुङ जिल्ला [ˈlʌmd͡zuŋ] ⓘ), a part of Gandaki Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Besisahar as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 square kilometres (653 sq mi) and as of 2011 had a population of 167,724.  lies in the mid-hills of Nepal spanning tropical to trans-Himalayan geo-ecological belts, including the geographical midpoint of the country (i.e., Duipipal). It has mixed habitation of castes and ethnicities. It is host to probably the highest density of the Gurung ethnic population in the country.

Popular Media in Lamjung Includes Mero Lamjung, Radio Chautari, Aantaranga Saptahik, Radio Marsyangdi,Radio Lamjung, etc.
Sheriff of Elgin
The Sheriff of Elgin was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Elgin, Scotland.  Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, they were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

After a merger the sheriff became the Sheriff of Elgin and Nairn in 1747. After further mergers the sheriffdom became part of the sheriffdom of Banff, Elgin & Nairn in 1854, part of the sheriffdom of Inverness, Elgin & Nairn in 1882 and part of the sheriffdom of Inverness, Moray, Nairn & Ross & Cromarty in 1946.

Sheriff of Banff
The Sheriff of Banff was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order and bringing criminals to justice in Banff, Scotland.

Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite rising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar.

Following a merger of sheriffdoms it became the Sheriff of Banff, Elgin & Nairn in 1854 and the Sheriff of Aberdeen, Kincardine & Banff in 1882.
Dhani dialect
Dhani or Dhanni (دھنّی; pronounced [ˈd̥ə˥˩n.niː]) is a western dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in the southern region of the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. It is predominantly spoken in the Chakwal and Talagang districts; as well as in the southern portions of Attock and Jhelum districts. Its name is derived from Dhan valley, located 35 km away from Rawalpindi. It has many subdialects including Sohāī̃ (سوہائیِں), spoken west of the Soan River, in the tehsils of Fateh Jang and Pindi Gheb in Attock District.

Talagang District
Talagang District (Urdu/Punjabi: ضلع تلہ گنگ) is an administrative district of Rawalpindi Division, Punjab province of Pakistan. Formerly it was Talagang Tehsil within the Chakwal District; its status was raised to District in October 2022 by the government.

It is part of the Potohar plateau and lies on the north of Salt Range and east of the Kala Chitta range. Talagang is 45 km from Chakwal. The motorway M2 is located 30 km from Talagang. It is bordered by Khushab to its South, Attock to its North, Chakwal to its East, and Mianwali to its West.
Messaging Layer Security
Messaging Layer Security (MLS) is a security layer for end-to-end encrypted messages. It is maintained by the MLS working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and is designed to provide an efficient and practical security mechanism for groups as large as 50,000 and for those who access chat systems from multiple devices.

Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a standards organization for the Internet responsible for the technical standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It has no formal membership roster or requirements and all its participants are volunteers. Their work is usually funded by employers or other sponsors.

The IETF was initially supported by the federal government of the United States but since 1993 has operated under the auspices of the Internet Society, an American non-profit organization with local chapters around the world.
Marshall Defense
The Marshall Defense is a chess opening that begins with the moves:

1. d4 d5

2. c4 Nf6?!

The Marshall Defense is a fairly dubious variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined.
It was played by Frank Marshall in the 1920s, but he gave it up after losing with it to Alekhine at Baden-Baden in 1925. It is no longer used by experienced players (Watson 2007:12–14).

White may choose to ignore Black's provocative second move with 3.Nc3, which will usually transpose into normal lines of the Queen's Gambit Declined (after 3...e6), the Slav Defence (after 3...c6), the Queen's Gambit Accepted (after 3...dxc4) or the Grünfeld Defence (after 3...g6).

Grünfeld Defence
The Grünfeld Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

1. d4 Nf6

2. c4 g6

3. Nc3 d5

Black offers White the possibility of 4.cxd5, which may be followed by 4...Nxd5 and 5.e4, giving White an imposing central pawn duo. If White does not take the d5-pawn, Black may eventually play ...dxc4, when a White response of e4 again leads to the same pawn structure. In classical opening theory this imposing pawn centre was held to give White a large advantage, but the hypermodern school, which was coming to the fore in the 1920s, held that a large pawn centre could be a liability rather than an asset. The Grünfeld is therefore a key hypermodern opening, showing in stark terms how a large pawn centre can either be a powerful battering ram or a target for attack.
Final Battle 2007
Final Battle 2007 was the 6th Final Battle major professional wrestling event produced by Ring of Honor (ROH). It occurred on December 30, 2007, from the Manhattan Center in New York City.

It was the fifth annual event in the Final Battle chronology, with the first in 2002.

Final Battle
Final Battle is a professional wrestling event, held annually by the Ring of Honor promotion. The event was initially held in 2002.

It is held in December, and is the promotion's last show of the calendar year. The 2009 edition of the show was ROH's first internet pay-per-view, and the first ROH show to be broadcast live. The 2010 edition and the 2011 edition were also broadcast live via the internet. Between 2006 and 2014, every event was held at either the Grand Ballroom or the Hammerstein Ballroom of the Manhattan Center in New York City. Final Battle has since become Ring of Honor's premiere flagship event, similar to WWE's WrestleMania.
Northern Canadian Shield taiga
Northern Canadian Shield taiga is a taiga ecoregion located in northern Canada, stretching from Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories to Hudson Bay in eastern Nunavut.  The region supports conifer forests to its northern edge, where the territory grades into tundra.  The open forest in this transition zone is characterized by widely scattered, stunted stands of black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina), with some white spruce (Picea glauca).  The ecoregion lies over the northwestern extent of the Canadian Shield.

Picea mariana
Picea mariana, the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most abundant tree. Its range extends into northern parts of the United States: in Alaska, the Great Lakes region, and the upper Northeast. It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest.

The Latin specific epithet mariana means "of the Virgin Mary".
Azerbaijan national badminton team
The Azerbaijan national badminton team (Azerbaijani: Badminton üzrə Azərbaycan milli komandası) represents Azerbaijan in international badminton team competitions. The national team was formed in 1964 after badminton was introduced in Azerbaijan by the Soviets and after the formation of the Azerbaijan Republic Badminton Federation.

The Azerbaijani men's and women's team debuted in the European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships in 2018. Both teams later participated in the next edition.

Azerbaijan made its Olympic badminton debut at the 2020 Summer Olympics when player Ade Resky Dwicahyo would represent the country in the men's singles event.

European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships
The European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships is a tournament organized by the Badminton Europe (BE), held once every two years to crown the best badminton men's and women's national teams in Europe.