hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kyle Johannsen
Kyle Johannsen is a Canadian philosopher. He specialises in animal and environmental ethics, as well as political and social philosophy. He has particularly engaged with the topic of ethical duties towards wild animals. Johannsen is currently affiliated with Trent University and Queen's University. He is also a host on the New Books Network's Animal Studies podcast. He is the author of A Conceptual Investigation of Justice (2018) and Wild Animal Ethics (2020), and the editor of Positive Duties to Wild Animals (2024).

Social philosophy
Social philosophy is the study and interpretation of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. Social philosophers emphasize understanding the social contexts for political, legal, moral and cultural questions, and the development of novel theoretical frameworks, from social ontology to care ethics to cosmopolitan theories of democracy, natural law, human rights, gender equity and global justice.
Roberto Cinquini
Roberto Cinquini (14 July 1924 – 18 July 1965) was an Italian film editor.

He edited A Fistful of Dollars (1964), directed by Sergio Leone,

He edited comedy black and white films like Arrangiatevi! (1959), directed by Mauro Bolognini, I due marescialli (1961), directed by Sergio Corbucci, and Sedotta e abbandonata (1964), directed by Pietro Germi.

He also edited Un Turco napoletano (1953), and Il medico dei pazzi (1954), both directed by Mario Mattoli.

Seduced and Abandoned (1964 film)
Seduced and Abandoned (Italian: Sedotta e abbandonata) is a 1964 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Pietro Germi. The film is a dark satire of Sicilian social custom of bride kidnapping presented as elopement, and the Italian laws of the time on honor killing and "honor-repairing wedding". 
It belongs to a trilogy on Italian customs with Divorce, Italian Style and The Birds, the Bees and the Italians.
The film was screened at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival, where the lead actor Saro Urzì won a Palme d'Or. It also won a National Board of Review Award.
Best of Shaggy: The Boombastic Collection
Best of Shaggy: The Boombastic Collection is the fourth compilation album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. The album was released in the United Kingdom on August 25, 2008. It reached number 22 on the UK Albums Chart. The album features material from all eight of Shaggy's previous studio albums, making it his only compilation to include material from post-Hot Shot.

Hot Shot (Shaggy album)
Hot Shot is the fifth studio album released by Jamaican-American singer Shaggy. The album was first released on 8 August 2000, in the United States, before being issued in the United Kingdom on 9 October 2000, with a revised track listing. The revised UK edition was also released in Europe, but without the song "Why You Mad at Me?". The album was reissued in the UK on 26 March 2001. Hot Shot went on to be certified six-times platinum in the United States by the RIAA, and was the second best-selling album of 2001 in that country (behind Linkin Park's Hybrid Theory). The album has sold over nine million copies worldwide. A remix album, titled Hot Shot Ultramix, was released in June 2002. Four singles were released from the album: "It Wasn't Me", "Angel", "Luv Me, Luv Me" and the double A-side single "Dance & Shout / Hope".

Hot Shot was the second highest-charting studio album of 2001 on the Billboard Year-End chart; it was also the best-selling album of 2001 in Canada.
Order of Kim Jong Il
The Order of Kim Jong Il (Korean: 김정일 훈장) is a North Korean order named after Kim Jong Il, the former leader of North Korea. It is the highest order of North Korea, along with the Order of Kim Il Sung, and only second to one honorary title, the Hero of Labour.

The order can be awarded to individuals as well as organizations for service to the cause of the Juche ideology and socialism. Recipients include people who have contributed to the space and nuclear programs of the country.

The history of the order dates back to 2012, when it was instituted on 3 February, the 70th birthday of Kim Jong Il. It is decorated with a picture of his face, the emblem of the Workers' Party of Korea, and the flag of North Korea.

Korean Committee of Space Technology
The Korean Committee of Space Technology (KCST; Korean: 조선우주공간기술위원회) was the agency of the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) responsible for the country's space program. The agency was terminated and succeeded by the National Aerospace Development Administration in 2013 after the Law on Space Development was passed in the 7th session of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly.
Thanksgiving (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)
"Thanksgiving" is the tenth episode of the first season of the American television police sitcom series Brooklyn Nine-Nine. It was written by co-executive producer Luke Del Tredici and directed by Jorma Taccone, airing on Fox in the United States on November 26, 2013.

Amy prepares a Thanksgiving dinner for the precinct in an attempt to ask Holt to be her mentor. Jake continually mocks her attempt, as he hates Thanksgiving due to his familial issues, and he and Holt leave the dinner in order to investigate a robbery in the evidence locker. Santiago's dinner is a disaster due to her terrible cooking skills, and Charles Boyle tries desperately to save the evening. The episode was seen by an estimated 3.69 million household viewers and gained a 1.5/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised Samberg's, Braugher's and Crews's performances.

Amy Santiago
Amy Santiago is a fictional character who appears in police procedural comedy television series Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013–2021). Portrayed by Melissa Fumero, she works as a detective at the New York Police Department in Brooklyn's fictional 99th precinct from the beginning of the show until its fifth season, when she is promoted to sergeant. In the series finale, she becomes the chief of the police reform program.
Blue Mountains (Jamaica)
The Blue Mountains are the longest mountain range in Jamaica. They include the island's highest point, Blue Mountain Peak, at 2256 m  (7402 ft). From the summit, accessible via a walking track, both the north and south coasts of the island can be seen. On a clear day, the outline of the island of Cuba, 210 km (130 mi) away, can also be seen. The mountain range spans four parishes: Portland, St Thomas, St Mary and St Andrew.

Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica
Saint Mary (Jamaican Patois: Sint Mieri) is a parish located in the northeast section of Jamaica. With a population of 114,227, it is one of Jamaica's smallest parishes, located in the county of Middlesex. Its chief town and capital is Port Maria, located on the coast.

The parish is the birthplace of established dancehall reggae artists, including Capleton, Lady Saw, Ninjaman, Ini Kamoze, Sizzla, and Tanya Stephens.  Other notable residents of St. Mary parish include author Colin Simpson, who is the great-great grandson of abolitionist James Phillippo,  Jamaican writer and community activist Erna Brodber, and music producer Chris Blackwell, who is credited with discovering reggae icon Bob Marley.
Dan Lanning
Daniel Arthur Lanning (born April 10, 1986) is an American college football coach who serves as the head football coach at the University of Oregon.  He was previously the defensive coordinator and outside linebackers coach at the University of Georgia from 2019 to 2021.

Lanning played college football at William Jewell College as a linebacker from 2004 to 2007. He has held various coaching positions at Park Hill South High School in Kansas City, Missouri, the University of Pittsburgh, Arizona State University, Sam Houston State University, the University of Alabama, the University of Memphis, the University of Georgia and the University of Oregon.

Sam Houston Bearkats football
The Sam Houston Bearkats football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Sam Houston State University located in the U.S. state of Texas. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Conference USA. Sam Houston's first football team was fielded in 1912. The team plays its home games at the 14,000-seat Bowers Stadium in Huntsville, Texas. On December 18, 2024, Phil Longo was named the 16th head coach in Sam Houston program history.

In July 2021, the Bearkats left the Southland Conference to join the Western Athletic Conference, which relaunched its football league at the FCS level at that time. Just a few months later, on November 5, 2021, the school accepted an invitation to join Conference USA at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level beginning in the 2023–24 season.
Fred Hartsook
Fred Hartsook (26 October 1876 – 30 September 1930) was an American photographer and owner of a California studio chain described as "the largest photographic business in the world" at the time, who counted Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, Mary Pickford, and sitting President Woodrow Wilson among his celebrity clients. He later became the owner of the Hartsook Inn, a resort in Humboldt County, and two ranches in Southern California on which he reared prized Holstein cattle. Hartsook was married to Bess Hesby, queen of the San Francisco Pan-Pacific Exposition of 1915.

Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake. The fair was constructed on a 636-acre (257-hectare) site along the northern shore, between the Presidio and Fort Mason, now known as the Marina District.
65th Battalion (Australia)
The 65th Battalion was an infantry unit of the Australian Army that existed briefly during World War I and later in the aftermath of World War II. Initially raised in 1917 as part of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). Later, the battalion was reformed in 1945 to serve as part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force.

British Commonwealth Occupation Force
The British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) was the British Commonwealth taskforce consisting of Australian, British, Indian, and New Zealander military forces in occupied Japan, from 1946 until the end of occupation in 1952.

At its peak, the BCOF committed about 40,000 personnel, that comprised 25% of the occupation force, which was equal to about a third of the number of US military personnel in Japan.
Heckler & Koch P7
The Heckler & Koch P7 is a German 9×19mm semi-automatic pistol designed by Helmut Weldle and produced from 1979 to 2008 by Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K). The P7M13, a variant of the P7 with a double-stack magazine, was produced until 2000.

9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.
Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah
Abdul Karim bin Rahman Hamzah (Jawi: عبد الكريم الرحمن حمزة; born 15 May 1960) is a Malaysian politician who served as Sarawak State Minister for Tourism, Creative Industry and Performing Arts since 2017. A member of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu, he represented Asajaya in Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 2001.

Asajaya (state constituency)
Asajaya is a state constituency in Sarawak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly since 1991.

The state constituency was created in the 1987 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.
Ruger SP101
The Ruger SP101 is a series of double-action revolvers produced by the American company Sturm, Ruger & Co. The SP101 is a small frame and all-steel-construction carry revolver, with a five-shot (.38 Special, .357 Magnum, and 9×19mm Parabellum); six-shot (.327 Federal Magnum and .32 H&R Magnum); or eight-shot (.22 LR) cylinder.

.357 Magnum
The .357 Smith & Wesson Magnum, .357 S&W Magnum, .357 Magnum, or 9×33mmR is a smokeless powder cartridge with a 0.357 in (9.07 mm) bullet diameter. It was created by Elmer Keith, Phillip B. Sharpe, and Douglas B. Wesson of firearm manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester. The .357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its highly effective terminal ballistics.

The .357 Magnum cartridge is a magnum cartridge based on Smith & Wesson's earlier .38 Special cartridge. It was introduced in 1935, and it has seen widespread usage.
Álex Bernal
Alejandro 'Álex' Bernal Carreras (born 3 March 1991) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Recreativo de Huelva. Having made four Segunda División appearances for Mirandés, he spent most of his career in Segunda División B, making over 250 appearances for six clubs.

CD Mirandés
Club Deportivo Mirandés is a Spanish football team based in Miranda de Ebro, Province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded on 3 May 1927, the club competes in the Segunda División and holds its home matches at Estadio Municipal de Anduva. They have never played in La Liga.
Turkish delight
Turkish delight, lokum (/ˈlɒkʊm/) or loqum (/ˈlɒkʊm/) is a family of confections based on a gel of starch and sugar. Premium varieties consist largely of chopped dates, pistachios, hazelnuts or walnuts bound by the gel; traditional varieties are often flavored with rosewater, mastic gum, bergamot orange, or lemon. Other common flavors include cinnamon and mint. The confection is often packaged in small cubes dusted with icing sugar, copra, or powdered cream of tartar to prevent clinging.

Powdered sugar
Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar and icing sugar, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains between 2% and 5% of an anti-caking agent—such as corn starch, potato starch or tricalcium phosphate—to  absorb moisture, prevent clumping, and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, a proxy for powdered sugar can be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Perm constituency
The Perm constituency (No.58) is a Russian legislative constituency in Perm Krai. The constituency covers western Perm and southwestern Perm Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Igor Shubin, former Senator and Mayor of Perm.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Cindy Judd Hill
Dorothy I. "Cindy" Judd Hill (March 5, 1926 – March 2, 2019) was an American feminist and pageant winner. She was working as a music teacher when she was dismissed for being pregnant while on a sabbatical year and sued her school district, alleging that she had faced employment discrimination. Her case went to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and was successful, which began her focus on women's rights activism. She was a founding member of the Greater Pittsburgh Area and the South Hills chapters of the National Organization for Women and was actively involved in the campaign to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment. After retiring in 1984, she began to compete in senior beauty pageants and was crowned Ms. National Senior Citizen in 1993.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor. It is the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law.
Kodashim
Kodashim (Hebrew: קׇדָשִׁים‎, romanized: Qoḏāšim, lit. 'holy things') is the fifth of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Talmud, and deals largely with the services within the Temple in Jerusalem, its maintenance and design, the korbanot, or sacrificial offerings that were offered there, and other subjects related to these topics, as well as, notably, the topic of kosher slaughter.

Tractate (Talmud)
A tractate (Hebrew: מַסֶּכֶת‎ masekhet, Sephardic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛt], Ashkenazic: [mɑːˈsɛxɛs]; plural: מַסֶּכְתּוֹת‎ masekhtot) is an organizational element of Talmudic literature that systematically examines a subject.

A tractate/masekhet consists of chapters (perakim; singular: פרק perek).
Tamara Karsavina
Tamara Platonovna Karsavina (Russian: Тамара Платоновна Карсавина; 9 March 1885 – 26 May 1978) was a Russian prima ballerina, renowned for her beauty, who was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and later of the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. After settling in Britain at Hampstead in London, she began teaching ballet professionally and became recognised as one of the founders of modern British ballet.  She assisted in the establishment of The Royal Ballet and was a founder member of the Royal Academy of Dance, which is now the world's largest dance-teaching organisation.

Mariinsky Ballet
The Mariinsky Ballet (Russian: Балет Мариинского театра) is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Founded in the 18th century and originally known as the Imperial Russian Ballet, the Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world's leading ballet companies.  Internationally in some quarters, the Mariinsky Ballet continues to be known by its former Soviet name the Kirov Ballet.  The Mariinsky Ballet is the parent company of the Vaganova Ballet Academy, a leading international ballet school.
Basic oxide
Basic oxides are oxides that show basic properties, in opposition to acidic oxides. A basic oxide can either react with water to form a base, or with an acid to form a salt and water in a neutralization reaction.

Examples include:

Sodium oxide, which reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide

Magnesium oxide, which reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride

Copper(II) oxide, which reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate

Acidic oxide
An acidic oxide is an oxide that either produces an acidic solution upon addition to water, or acts as an acceptor of hydroxide ions effectively functioning as a Lewis acid. Acidic oxides will typically have a low pKa and may be inorganic or organic. A commonly encountered acidic oxide, carbon dioxide produces an acidic solution (and the generation of carbonic acid) when dissolved. Generally non-metallic oxides are acidic.

The acidity of an oxide can be reasonably assumed by its accompanying constituents. Less electronegative elements tend to form basic oxides such as sodium oxide and magnesium oxide, whereas more electronegative elements tend to produce acidic oxides such as carbon dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide. Some oxides, like aluminium oxides, are amphoteric, while some oxides may be neutral.

Acidic oxides are of environmental concern. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are considered air pollutants as they react with atmospheric water vapour to produce acid rain.
Gentiloni Pact
The Gentiloni Pact (Italian: Patto Gentiloni) was the 1913 agreement between Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti and Count Ottorino Gentiloni, president of the Catholic Electoral Union from 1909 to 1916, to swing Catholic voters behind Giolitti's coalition in the 1913 general election.

1913 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on 26 October 1913, with a second round of voting on 2 November. The Liberals (the former Ministeriali) narrowly retained an absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies, while the Radical Party emerged as the largest opposition bloc. Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy, while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia-Romagna. However, the election marked the beginning of the decline of Liberal establishment.

There were episodes of violence during the election.
2013 Liga MX Clausura Liguilla
The Liguilla (English: Mini League) of the 2013 Liga MX Clausura is the final knockout tournament involving eight teams of Liga MX. The tournament began on 8 May 2013 and will end on 26 May 2013. The winners and runners-up of the competition will qualify for the 2013–14 CONCACAF Champions League.

2012–13 Liga MX season
The 2012–13 Liga MX season was the 66th professional top-flight football league season in Mexico, and the first under the league's current identity as "Liga MX". The season was split into two competitions: the Torneo Apertura and the Torneo Clausura—each of identical format and contested by the same eighteen teams.
Afroze-Numa
Afroze-Numa (Urdu: افروز نما) is a Pakistani shepherdess and a member of the 2023 BBC 100 Women. She is one of the last Wakhi shepherdesses who have taken care of goats, yaks and sheep for centuries. She has been involved for nearly three decades.

100 Women (BBC)
100 Women is a BBC multi-format series established in 2013. The annual series examines the role of women in the 21st century and has included events in London and Mexico. Announcement of the list is the start of an international "BBC's women season", lasting three weeks including broadcast, online reports, debates and journalism on the topic of women. Women around the world are encouraged to participate via social media and comment on the list, as well as on the interviews and debates that follow release of the list.