hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amphitheatre
An amphitheatre  (American English: amphitheater) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports. The term derives from the ancient Greek ἀμφιθέατρον (amphitheatron), from ἀμφί (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and θέατρον (théātron), meaning "place for viewing".

Ancient Greek theatres were typically built on hillsides and semi-circular in design. The first amphitheatre may have been built at Pompeii around 70 BC. Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area, like a modern open-air stadium. In contrast, both ancient Greek and ancient Roman theatres were built in a semicircle, with tiered seating rising on one side of the performance area.

Modern English parlance uses "amphitheatre" for any structure with sloping seating, including theatre-style stages with spectator seating on only one side, theatres in the round, and stadia. They can be indoor or outdoor.

Roman theatre (structure)
Roman theatres derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier Greek theatres. Much of the architectural influence on the Romans came from the Greeks, and theatre structural design was no different from other buildings. However, Roman theatres have specific differences, such as generally being built upon their own foundations instead of earthen works or a hillside and being completely enclosed on all sides.
Deep Sea Drilling Project
The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) was an ocean drilling project operated from 1968 to 1983. The program was a success, as evidenced by the data and publications that have resulted from it. The data are now hosted by Texas A&M University, although the program was coordinated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. DSDP provided crucial data to support the seafloor spreading hypothesis and helped to prove the theory of plate tectonics. DSDP was the first of three international scientific ocean drilling programs that have operated over more than 40 years. It was followed by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) in 1985, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program in 2004 and the present International Ocean Discovery Program in 2013.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is the center for oceanography and earth science at the University of California, San Diego. Its main campus is located in La Jolla, with additional facilities in Point Loma.

Founded in 1903 and incorporated into the University of California system in 1912, the institution has since broadened its research focus to encompass the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth. The institution awards the Nierenberg Prize annually to recognize researchers with exceptional contributions to science in public interest.
Li Hongyang (gymnast)
Li Hongyang (simplified Chinese: 李红扬; traditional Chinese: 李紅揚; pinyin: Lǐ Hóngyáng; born May 16, 1990, in Guilin, Guangxi) is a Chinese rhythmic gymnast. Li Hongyang debuted at the 2006 Chinese National Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships, where she won the championship trophy. In 2007, she won the 2007 National Championships in the individual/group, and placed 8th in the team competition at the 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships. She represented China at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In 2009, she retired from professional rhythmic gymnastics following the 2009 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships.

2019 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
The 2019 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Baku, Azerbaijan from 16 to 22 September 2019. The competition took place at the National Gymnastics Arena and served as a qualifier for the 2020 Olympic Games. There were Olympic berths awarded to 16 individuals and 5 groups. There were 301 participating athletes from 61 countries.

Dina Averina from Russia won gold medals in ball, clubs, and ribbon, and Ekaterina Selezneva won the hoop title. Averina, Selezneva and Arina Averina won Russia's tenth consecutive World team title. In the all-around finals, Dina Averina won her third consecutive World all-around title, becoming the fifth rhythmic gymnast to do so. The Russian group then won their fourth consecutive all-around title, and Japan matched their best-ever result with the silver medal. Japan then won the gold medal in 5 balls, their first ever gold medal in the group event, and Russia won the 3 hoops + 4 clubs final.
MICrONS
The MICrONS program (Machine Intelligence from Cortical Networks) is a five-year project primarily funded by the United States government through the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) with the goal of constructing a connectome of one cubic millimeter of a rodent's brain tissue—spanning many petabytes of volumetric data comprising around 120,000 neurons—and reverse engineering the circuits with the goal of advancing neuroscience and improving algorithms in machine learning and artificial intelligence. The tissue volume is a 1.4mm x 0.87mm x 0.84mm section containing multiple areas of mouse visual cortex. The MICrONS dataset is a multi-modal dataset containing the structural connectome of the entire volume, collected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and functional recordings of an estimated 75,000 excitatory neurons using two-photon calcium imaging. The program was part of the White House BRAIN Initiative.

Visual cortex
The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe. Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19).

Both hemispheres of the brain include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.
Leonora Piper
Leonora Piper (née Leonora Evelina Simonds; 27 June 1857 – 3 June 1950) was a famous American trance medium in the area of Spiritualism. Piper was the subject of intense interest and investigation by American and British psychic research associations during the early 20th century, including psychologist William James and the Society for Psychical Research.

Researchers and scientists who studied Piper's mediumship have described mentalist techniques such as cold reading, muscle reading and "fishing", all techniques that she may have used to gather information about séance sitters, so she could appear to have unexplained insight. Science writer and mathematician Martin Gardner dismissed Piper as a "clever charlatan."

Muscle reading
Muscle reading, also known as "Hellstromism",  "Cumberlandism" or "contact mind reading", is a technique used by mentalists to determine the thoughts or knowledge of a subject, the effect of which tends to be perceived as a form of mind reading. The performer can determine many things about the mental state of a subject by observing subtle, involuntary responses to speech or any other stimuli. It is closely related to the ideomotor effect, whereby subtle movements made without conscious awareness reflect a physical movement, action or direction which the subject is thinking about. The term "muscle reading" was coined in the 1870s by American neurologist George M. Beard to describe the actions of mentalist J. Randall Brown, an early proponent of the art.
David Ginola
David Ginola-Ceze (born 25 January 1967) is a French former professional footballer. A television personality, he has also worked as an actor, model and football pundit.

A forward, Ginola played for ten seasons in France with Toulon, Racing Paris, Brest and Paris Saint-Germain before moving to Newcastle United in the English Premier League in July 1995. He subsequently played for Tottenham Hotspur, Aston Villa and Everton before retiring in 2002. At international level, he made 17 appearances, scoring three goals, for the France national team between 1990 and 1995.

Since his retirement from football, he has become involved in football punditry and acting. Ginola is a regular contributor to BBC, BT Sport and CNN. He has hosted Match of ze Day, a program which broadcasts live Premier League matches on Canal+. In January 2015, Ginola attempted to run for the FIFA presidency but withdrew after failing to receive the required backing of at least five national football associations.

Canal+ (French TV channel)
Canal+ (French: [kanal plys], meaning "Channel Plus"), also spelt Canal Plus and sometimes abbreviated C+ or Canal, is a French premium television channel owned by Canal+. The channel was launched in Paris and Issy-les-Moulineaux on November 4, 1984, and broadcasts to Metropolitan France. It broadcasts several kinds of programming, mostly encrypted, but some unencrypted content can be viewed free of charge.

Canal+ was co-founded by André Rousselet and Pierre Lescure. An early pioneer was Alain de Greef, who joined in 1986.
Mohammad Jafar Montazeri
Mohammad Jafar Montazeri (Persian: محمدجعفر منتظری; born 1949 in Qom) is an Iranian cleric and jurist, who is  the current Head of the Supreme Court of Iran since August 6, 2023. He was the prosecutor-general of Iran from April 1, 2016 to August 6, 2023. He was previously the Head of Iran's Administrative Justice Court. He is also the current Head of the Special Clerical Court.

Prosecutor-General of Iran
The prosecutor-general of Iran (or attorney-general), in the judicial system of Iran, is a "just mujtahid" appointed by the head of the judiciary in consultation with the judges of the Supreme Court to serve for a period of five years.

As the head of the prosecutor-general's office, they supervise prosecutor's offices in the country. At the same time, they have executive responsibility for law enforcement, prosecutions, setting priorities in the hearings of cases in their role as the head of the public prosecution for the state.
Don Syme
Don Syme is an Australian computer scientist and a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, Cambridge, U.K. He is the designer and architect of the F# programming language, described by a reporter as being regarded as "the most original new face in computer languages since Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ in the early 1980s."

Earlier, Syme created  generics in the .NET Common Language Runtime, including the initial design of generics for the C# programming language, along with others including Andrew Kennedy and later Anders Hejlsberg.  Kennedy, Syme and Dachuan Yu also formalized this widely used system.

He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge, and is a member of the IFIP working group on functional programming. He is a co-author of the book Expert F# 3.0.

In the past he also worked on formal specification, interactive proof, automated verification and proof description languages.

In 2015, he was honored with a Silver Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Proof assistant
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are stored in, and some steps provided by, a computer.

A recent effort within this field is making these tools use artificial intelligence to automate the formalization of ordinary mathematics.
Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus
The Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus ("Purple Codex of Saint Petersburg"), designated by N or 022 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε19 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek New Testament codex containing the four Gospels written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the 6th century CE.

Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus, along with the manuscripts Codex Beratinus (Φ), Sinope Gospels (O), and Rossano Gospels (Σ), belongs to the group of the Purple Uncials. The manuscript has many gaps.

Sinope Gospels
The Sinope Gospels, designated by O or 023 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 21 (Soden), also known as the Codex Sinopensis, is a fragment of a 6th-century illuminated Greek Gospel Book. Along with the Rossano Gospels, the Sinope Gospels has been dated, on the basis of the style of the miniatures, to the mid 6th-century. The Rossano Gospels, however, are considered to be earlier. Like Rossanensis and the Vienna Genesis, the Sinope Gospels are written on purple dyed vellum.
Daddy (1923 film)
Daddy is a 1923 American silent drama film directed by E. Mason Hopper for Associated First National Pictures. It stars Jackie Coogan, Arthur Edmund Carewe, Josie Sedgwick, and Cesare Gravina. The script was written by Jackie Coogan's parents, Jack and Lillian. Coogan plays the son of a poor violin teacher who is separated from his father when his parents break up their marriage, only to be reunited again when his father makes it as a famous musician. The film was shot on six reels. A print exists in the UCLA Film & Television Archive.

Jackie Coogan
John Leslie Coogan (October 26, 1914 – March 1, 1984) was an American actor and comedian who began his film career as a child actor in silent films. Coogan's title role in Charlie Chaplin's film The Kid (1921) made him one of the first child stars in the history of Hollywood.

He later sued his mother and stepfather over his squandered film earnings and inspired California to enact the first known legal protection for the earnings of child performers, the California Child Actor's Bill, widely known as the "Coogan Act".

Coogan continued to act throughout his life, later earning renewed fame in middle age portraying Uncle Fester in the 1960s television series The Addams Family.
Dursey massacre
The Dursey massacre, also called the Dursey Island massacre, took place in June 1602 during the Nine Years' War on Dursey Island off the Beara Peninsula in southern Ireland. According to Philip O'Sullivan Beare, a group of around three hundred Gaelic Irish, including civilians, were killed by an English force under the command of George Carew.

Philip O'Sullivan Beare
Philip O'Sullivan Beare (Irish: Pilib Ó Súilleabháin Béirre, c. 1590–1636) was a military officer descended from the Gaelic nobility of Ireland, who became more famous as a writer. He fled to Habsburg Spain during the time of Tyrone's Rebellion, when the Irish clans and Gaelic Ireland were making their last stand against the Tudor conquest of Ireland. He subsequently authored the book, the Catholic History of Ireland, which offered a history from the perspective of the native Irish Catholic population.
Olynthus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Olynthus (Ancient Greek: Ὄλυνθος) was a son of Heracles and Bolbe, from whom the ancient city of Olynthus, and the river Olynthus near Apollonia, were believed to have received their name according to Athenaeus. According to Conon and  Stephanus of Byzantium, Olynthus was son of king Strymon, and brother of Brangas and Rhesus.

Conon (mythographer)
Conon (Ancient Greek: Κόνων, gen.: Κόνωνος) was a Greek grammarian and mythographer of the age of Augustus (who lived 63 BC – 14 AD), the author of a work titled Διηγήσεις (Narrations), addressed to Archelaus Philopator, king of Cappadocia. It was a collection of fifty narratives relating to the mythical and heroic period, and especially the foundation of colonies.

An epitome of the work was preserved in the Bibliotheca of Photius, the 9th-century patriarch of Constantinople. Photius commends Conon's Attic style, and remarks that Nicolaus Damascenus borrowed much from him. There are separate editions of this abstract by Gale, by Teucher, and Kanne.

Dion Chrysostom mentions a rhetorician of this name, who may possibly be identical.
Archana Bhattacharyya
Archana Bhattacharyya (born 1948) is an Indian physicist. She specializes in the field of ionospheric physics, geomagnetism, and space weather and is Director of the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai.

Indian Institute of Geomagnetism
The Indian Institute of Geomagnetism is an autonomous research institution established by the  Government of India's Department of Science and Technology. The facility is engaged in basic and applied research in geomagnetism, as well as allied areas of geophysics, atmospheric physics and space physics, as well as plasma physics. The institute currently operates 12 magnetic observatories  and actively participates in the Indian Antarctic Program.
Character (Dark Tranquillity album)
Character is the seventh studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity. The album was first released on 24 January 2005 through Century Media Records. The corresponding single, "Lost to Apathy", was previously featured on the Lost to Apathy EP, their first EP released in nearly ten years. The album title appears in the song "Am I 1?".

This album is heavier than the band's previous album, with more aggressive and faster songs. Like the band's previous album, there are no clean vocals.
The enhanced CD and digipak editions of the album include the video clip for the single "Lost to Apathy". A music video was also made for "The New Build". The album was also released as an LP with different cover art.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Howard Krein
Howard David Krein (born 1966/1967) is an American otolaryngologist, and business executive. He was the husband of Ashley Biden, the daughter of former U.S. president Joe Biden. He is a professor of otolaryngology at Thomas Jefferson University and is a founding partner and co-director of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital's Facial Aesthetic and Reconstructive Center. Krein is the chief medical officer at StartUp Health, a venture capital and health technology firm. He served on the Biden Cancer Initiative's board of directors from 2017 to 2019. Krein advised the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign on its COVID-19 pandemic response in an unofficial role.

Otorhinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology (/oʊtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlærɪnˈɡɒlədʒi/ oh-toh-RY-noh-LARR-in-GOL-ə-jee, abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) ) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians.

Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face, scalp, and neck.
Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh
Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh (22 March 1615 – 23 December 1691), also known as Lady Ranelagh, was an Anglo-Irish scientist in seventeenth-century Ireland and England. She was also a political and religious philosopher, and a member of many intellectual circles including the Hartlib Circle, the Great Tew Circle, and the Invisible College. Her correspondents included Samuel Hartlib, Edward Hyde, William Laud (the Archbishop of Canterbury), Thomas Hyde, and John Milton. She was the sister of Robert Boyle and is thought to have been a great influence on his work in chemistry. In her own right, she was a political and social figure closely connected to the Hartlib Circle. Lady Ranelagh held a London salon during the 1650s, much frequented by virtuosi associated with Hartlib.

Samuel Hartlib
Samuel Hartlib or Hartlieb (c. 1600 – 10 March 1662) was a polymath of German-Polish origin, who settled, married and died in England. He was the son of Georg Hartlieb, a German merchant in Elbing (Elbląg), whose family had migrated to Poland at the beginning of the 16th century, and Elizabeth Langthon, a daughter of a rich English merchant in Danzig (Gdańsk). Hartlib was a noted promoter and writer in fields that included science, medicine, agriculture, politics and education. He was a contemporary of Robert Boyle, whom he knew well, and a neighbour of Samuel Pepys in Axe Yard, London, in the early 1660s. He studied briefly at the University of Cambridge upon arriving in England.
No Problem (Sonny Rollins album)
No Problem is an album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Milestone label in 1981, featuring performances by Rollins with Bobby Broom, Bobby Hutcherson, Bob Cranshaw and Tony Williams.

Bobby Hutcherson
Robert Hutcherson (January 27, 1941 – August 15, 2016) was an American jazz vibraphone and marimba player. "Little B's Poem", from the 1966 Blue Note album Components, is one of his best-known compositions. Hutcherson influenced younger vibraphonists including Steve Nelson, Joe Locke, and Stefon Harris.
The Sisters (Andaman Islands)
Sister Islands are a group of uninhabited islands of the Andaman Islands. They belong to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These islands are 57 km (35 mi) south from Port Blair.

Passage Island (Andaman Islands)
Passage Island or Duncan Island is an uninhabited island of the Andaman Islands.  It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is 53 km (33 mi) south from Port Blair.
Amanita ravenelii
Amanita ravenelii, commonly known as the pinecone lepidella, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. The whitish fruit bodies (mushrooms) are medium to large, with caps up to 17 centimeters (6+1⁄2 inches) wide, and stems up to 25 cm (10 in) long. The cap surface has large warts and the stem has a scaly, bulbous base. The flesh of the mushrooms is firm, with a distinct chlorine-like odor.

It is widely distributed in mixed and deciduous forests of the southeastern United States, where it grows solitarily or in groups on the ground in late summer and autumn. It has also been recorded in Mexico and Argentina. It is a mycorrhizal species, although the plant species with which it tends to associate are not known. Lookalike North American Amanita species include A. chlorinosma, A. polypyramis, A. mutabilis, and A. armillariiformis. Within the genus Amanita, it is part of the section Lepidella. Guidebooks do not recommend mushrooms of this section as edible; they may be poisonous.

Mushroom poisoning
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus.

Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking.