hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman D. Vaughan
Colonel Norman Dane Vaughan (December 18, 1905 – December 23, 2005) was an American dogsled driver and explorer whose first claim to fame was participating in Admiral Byrd's first expedition to the South Pole. He also ran dog teams in a professional capacity as part of a search and rescue unit in World War II, in sporting events like the Olympics and the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, and in three Presidential Inauguration ceremonies.

Mushing
Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs, either by cart, pulk, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled, most commonly a specialized type of dog sled on snow, or a rig on dry land.
2019 National Amateur Cup
The 2019 National Amateur Cup was the 96th edition of the National Amateur Cup, a knockout cup competition open to amateur teams affiliated with the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA). This was the second edition of the tournament to award a spot in the U.S. Open Cup to its champion.

Newtown Pride FC won their first National Amateur Cup title, defeating Horizon FC 3–0 in the final.

United States Adult Soccer Association
The United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) is a national organization for amateur soccer in the United States. It consists of 54 state associations in four regions, as well as national, regional, and state leagues. It compares to the United States Youth Soccer Association and its 54 affiliated State Associations – as it was once all one bodied structure.
Ann Doran
Ann Doran (July 28, 1911 – September 19, 2000) was a prolific American character actress, who worked in more than 1500 motion pictures and television episodes. Today's audiences know her as Carol Stark, the mother of James "Jim" Stark (James Dean) in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and as a featured actress in short comedies with The Three Stooges and Charley Chase. She was an early member of the Screen Actors Guild and served on the board of the Motion Picture & Television Fund for 30 years.

Motion Picture & Television Fund
The Motion Picture & Television Fund (MPTF) is a charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries and their families with limited or no resources, including services such as temporary financial assistance, case management, and residential living.
Matt Skinner
Matthew "Matt" Skinner (born 23 December 1974) is an Australian, sommelier, wine author, consultant and educator. Matt co-founded Fifteen Restaurant with Jamie Oliver and Tobie Puttock, and appeared in two television series with Puttock called Tobie & Matt.

Jamie's Kitchen
Jamie's Kitchen is a five-part British documentary television series that aired on Channel 4 from 5 November to 10 December 2002. It follows chef Jamie Oliver as he attempts to train a group of 15 unemployed youths, who will—if they complete the course—be offered jobs at Oliver's new restaurant Fifteen. The series was executive produced by Peter Moore for Talkback Productions, and has since spawned several others along similar lines.
Sergiy Derevyanchenko
Sergiy Vyacheslavovych Derevyanchenko (Ukrainian: Сергій В'ячеславович Дерев'янченко, Serhiy Derevianchenko pronounced [serˈɦij ʋjɐt͡ʃeˈsɫɑʋoʋɪt͡ʃ dereˈʋjɑnt͡ʃenkɔ]; born 31 October 1985) is a Ukrainian professional boxer who has challenged three times for world middleweight titles; the IBF title in 2018; the IBF and IBO titles in 2019; and the WBC title in 2020. As an amateur, he won the bronze medal at middleweight at the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships.

2007 AIBA World Boxing Championships
The 2007 AIBA World Boxing Championships were held in Chicago, United States from October 23, 2007 to November 3, 2007.  It was held at the UIC Pavilion. It was the biggest World Championships in AIBA history.

The competition is under the supervision of the world's governing body for amateur boxing  AIBA.
The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls
The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls is a 2008 mystery pastiche novel written by John R. King, that presents an alternate account of the battle between Sherlock Holmes and his nemesis Professor Moriarty; originally depicted in the The Final Problem.

The Final Problem
"The Final Problem" is a short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in The Strand Magazine in the United Kingdom, and McClure's in the United States, under the title "The Adventure of the Final Problem" in December 1893. It appears in book form as part of the collection The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes.

The story, set in 1891, introduces the criminal mastermind Professor Moriarty. It was intended to be the final Holmes story, ending with the character's death, but Doyle was later persuaded to revive Holmes for additional stories and novels.
Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales
Arnaldo Augusto de Oliveira Sales GBM CBE GCIH JP (Chinese: 沙利士; 13 January 1920 – 6 March 2020) was a Hong Kong-Portuguese sports figure who was chairman of the Hong Kong Olympic Academy and president of the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong.

He was for many years an unofficial member of the Urban Council and became its first unofficial chairman from 1973-81. He was also a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee.

Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China
The Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China (中國香港體育協會暨奧林匹克委員會; in short SF&OC, 港協暨奧委會) is the National Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China. As such it is a separate member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It is also a member of the Olympic Council of Asia. The current president is Timothy Fok. The headquarters building is called the Hong Kong Olympic House, located beside Hong Kong Stadium.
P2Y receptor
P2Y receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine triphosphate, uridine diphosphate and UDP-glucose.To date, eight human P2Y receptors have been cloned: P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12, P2Y13 and P2Y14.

P2Y receptors are present in almost all human tissues where they exert various biological functions based on their G-protein coupling. P2Y receptors mediate responses including vasodilation, blood clotting, and immune response. Due to their ubiquity and variety in function, they are a common biological target in pharmacological development.

Uridine diphosphate
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is an organic compound. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.

UDP is an important factor in glycogenesis. Before glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase forms a UDP-glucose unit by combining glucose 1-phosphate with uridine triphosphate, cleaving a pyrophosphate ion in the process. Then, the enzyme glycogen synthase combines UDP-glucose units to form a glycogen chain. The UDP molecule is cleaved from the glucose ring during this process and can be reused by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.
Siege of Sluis (1604)
The siege of Sluis (1604), also known as the Sluis campaign or the Battle of the Oostburg Line, was a series of military actions that took place during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War from 19 May to 19 August 1604. A States and English army under Prince Maurice of Orange and Horace Vere respectively crossed the Scheldt estuary and advanced on land taking Cadzand, Aardenburg, and IJzendijke in the Spanish Netherlands. This soon led to the culmination of the siege of the Spanish-held inland port of Sluis.

Initially it was hoped that with Ostend under siege for three years by the Spanish, an attempted relief by Maurice's army could be achieved. Even though Ostend would finally fall into the hands of the Spanish, Sluis, an important stronghold itself, was eventually captured after tough fighting which included the defeat of a Spanish relief force under Ambrogio Spinola and Luis de Velasco.

Siege of Sluis (1587)
The siege of Sluis of 1587 took place between 12 June and 4 August 1587, as part of the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604). Its capture by the Spanish formed a significant advance towards the Enterprise of England.
Tierra Blanca Joven eruption
The Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Lake Ilopango was the largest volcanic eruption in El Salvador during historic times, and one of the largest volcanic events on Earth in the past 7,000 years, registering at 6 on the Volcanic explosivity index (VEI), and dating back to the mid 5th century A.D. The eruption produced between 37–82 km3 (8.9–19.7 cu mi) of ejecta (dense-rock equivalent). The date of the eruption has been constrained within 429–433 CE by identifying its signature volcanic ash in precision-dated ice cores sampled from Greenland, thus eliminating it as the cause of extreme weather events of 535–536.

Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record.

Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.
Tatsukuma Ushijima
Tatsukuma Ushijima (牛島辰熊, March 10, 1904 – May 26, 1985) was a Japanese judoka and former All-Japan judo champion, who was also known as a teacher of Masahiko Kimura, a famous judoka. His nickname was "The Demon Ushijima".

All-Japan Judo Championships
The All-Japan judo championships (全日本柔道選手権大会, Zennihon jūdō senshuken taikai) is a judo tournament held every year in Japan. The men's tournament is held in Nippon Budokan on 29 April and the women's tournament (dubbed "Empress cup All-Japan women's Judo championships") is held in Yokohama Cultural Gymnasium in April. The Kodokan and All Japan Judo Federation sponsor the championship.

This tournament has only one open-weight division. Weight distinction is held as All-Japan Selected Judo Championships (全日本選抜柔道体重別選手権大会, Zennihon senbatsu jūdō taijūbetsu senshuken taikai) and Kodokan Cup (講道館杯, Kōdōkan hai) particularly.

To Japanese judoka, it is one of the three major judo competitions, next to the judo events at the Summer Olympic Games and World Championships.
Since 2011 All Japan Judo Championship is fought with International rules.
Gopinath Kallianpur
Gopinath Kallianpur (1925–2015) was an Indian American mathematician and statistician who became the first director of the Indian Statistical Institute (1976–79) under its new Memorandum of Association. During his tenure as the director the new centre of ISI at Bangalore, Karnataka was founded.

Jayanta Kumar Ghosh
Jayanta Kumar Ghosh (Bengali: জয়ন্ত কুমার ঘোষ, 23 May 1937 – 30 September 2017) was an Indian statistician, an emeritus professor at Indian Statistical Institute and a professor of statistics at Purdue University.
Captain Tench Arcade
The Captain Tench Arcade is a heritage-listed shops, arcade and restaurant and former residence located at 111–115 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks, New South Wales, Australia. The 1985 additions to the rear were designed by Kell & Rigby. The property was built in 1920. It is also known as Captain Tench Arcade (since 1985). The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

George Street, Sydney
George Street is a street in the central business district of Sydney.

It was Sydney's original high street, and remains one of the busiest streets in the city centre. It connects a number of the city's most important buildings and precincts. There are more high rise buildings here than on any other street in Australia. Amongst Australia's 100 largest listed companies, more are located here than on any other street.

The street begins in the north end of Sydney in The Rocks, near the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and extends to the southern end of the city, near Central Station and Ultimo, where it leads into Railway Square. From here Broadway is the continuation of George Street turning westwards, leading to the western suburbs as Parramatta Road.
Bell Gully
Bell Gully is a major New Zealand law firm. Founded in 1840 it is one of New Zealand's largest law firms, and along with Chapman Tripp and Russell McVeagh it is considered to be one of the "big three".

Bell Gully is a full-service law firm. Major practice areas include corporate, financial services, property, tax and litigation, and the firm is capable of acting on large and complex commercial matters.

With offices in Auckland and Wellington, the firm has about 400 staff.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Gina Mambrú
Gina Altagracia Mambrú Casilla (born January 21, 1986) is a volleyball player from the Dominican Republic, who played the 2012 Olympic Games and the 2014 World Championship ranking fifth in both competitions. She won the gold medal at the 2010 and 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games and bronze at the 2015 Pan American Games.

Volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was the 13th edition of the event in an Olympic Games, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held at Earls Court Exhibition Centre from 28 July to 11 August 2012.
Richard Church (general)
Sir Richard Church CB GCH (Greek: Ριχάρδος/Ρίτσαρντ Τσούρτς/Τσωρτς; 23 February 1784 – 20 March 1873) was an Anglo-Irish military officer in the British Army and commander of the Greek forces during the last stages of the Greek War of Independence after 1827. After Greek independence, he became a general in the Hellenic Army and a member of the Greek Senate.

Royal Guelphic Order
The Royal Guelphic Order (German: Königlicher Guelphen-Orden), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House of Guelph, of which the House of Hanover was a branch. Since Hanover and the United Kingdom shared a monarch until 1837, the order was frequently bestowed upon British subjects.
Sian, Harand
Sian (Persian: سيان) is a village in, and the capital of, Rudasht Rural District of Ezhiyeh District, Harand County, Isfahan province, Iran. The former capital of the rural district was the village of Ezhiyeh, now a city.

Ezhiyeh District
Ezhiyeh District (Persian: بخش اژیه) is in Harand County, Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ezhiyeh, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 3,156 in 1,081 households.
George Hoadley (Alberta politician)
George Hoadley (May 16, 1867 – December 14, 1955) was a long serving popular provincial politician and rancher from Alberta, Canada. Hoadley served a legendary career in the Alberta legislature during the early years when he led the Alberta Conservative Party in opposition. His effect in shaping policy in the province is widely remembered to this day as he served a broad range of portfolios in the United Farmers government that held power from 1921 to 1935. He held the Okotoks seat, then its successor seat (Okotoks-High River), for 26 years until the defeat of the UFA government in 1935.

United Farmers of Alberta
The United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) is an association of Alberta farmers that has served different roles in its 100-year history – as a lobby group, a successful political party, and as a farm-supply retail chain. As a political party, it formed the government of Alberta from 1921 to 1935.

Since 1935, it has primarily been an agricultural supply cooperative headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. As of 2019, UFA operates 34 farm and ranch supply stores in Alberta and over 110 fuel stations in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Free Radio (network)
Free Radio was a regional group of Independent Local Radio stations in the West Midlands, owned and operated by Bauer Media Audio UK as part of the Hits Radio network.

The Free Radio brand name was  replaced by localised versions of Hits Radio on 17 April 2024.

Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands
Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands is an Independent Local Radio station based in Birmingham, England, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Greatest Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to the West Midlands. The station forms part of Greatest Hits Radio Midlands.

As of March 2024, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 411,000 listeners, according to RAJAR.
Maersk Dubai incident
The Maersk Dubai incident involved four stowaways aboard the Taiwanese container ship Ming Fortune, which at the time was on long-term charter to the A.P. Moller-Maersk Group, sailing as the MV Maersk Dubai. On two consecutive voyages, in March and May of 1996, three of the stowaways were murdered when they were thrown overboard by the ship's captain and his officers. A fourth was spared the same fate when he was kept hidden by four other crew members until they reached their next destination of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Maersk
A.P. Møller – Mærsk A/S (Danish: [ˈɛˀ ˈpʰe̝ˀ ˈmølˀɐ ˈmɛɐ̯sk]), usually known simply as Maersk (English: /mɛərsk/ MAIRSK), is a Danish shipping and logistics company founded in 1904 by Arnold Peter Møller and his father Peter Mærsk Møller.

Maersk's business activities include port operation, supply chain management, warehousing and air freight. The company is based in Copenhagen, Denmark, with subsidiaries and offices across 130 countries and over 100,000 employees worldwide in 2024.

It is a publicly traded family business, as the company is controlled by the namesake Møller family through holding companies. The company's 2025 annual revenue was US$53.9 billion.
2016 Buffalo Bandits season
The Buffalo Bandits are a lacrosse team based in Buffalo, New York playing in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The 2016 season was their 25th season in the NLL.

The Bandits had their best season in years, finishing with a franchise-record 13 wins. Their 13–5 record gave the team first place in the East Division and also clinched the first seed for the playoffs. The team only lost two games in a row once and finished the season winning 9 of their last 10 games.

Buffalo beat New England 2 games to none in the semifinals, but lost two close games to the Saskatchewan Rush in the Championship.

The team was led by Dhane Smith, who had one of the best offensive years in NLL history. Smith set new records for both goals in a season with 72 and points in a season with 137.

2016 NLL season
The 2016 National Lacrosse League season, the 30th in the history of the NLL,  began on January 1, 2016, and ended with the Champion's Cup Finals series on June 4, 2016. The Saskatchewan Rush won their 2nd straight title; their first while located in Saskatchewan.
Mount Compass Football Club
The Mount Compass Football Club (nicknamed Bulldogs) is an Australian rules football club first formed in 1924 and based in Mount Compass, South Australia. The club currently competes in the Great Southern Football League.

Mount Compass initially only played challenge matches until they joined the "Fleurieu Peninsula Football Association" in 1934 but that competition only lasted one season. They went back to playing challenge matches until they joined the Great Southern Football League in 1940.

After World War II, Mount Compass joined the Southern Football Association and played for 7 seasons until transferring to the Great Southern Football League in 1952 where they have remained since.

Mount Compass continue to field Senior and Junior teams in the Great Southern Football League.

Great Southern Football League (South Australia)
The Great Southern Football League (GSFL) is an Australian rules football competition based in the Fleurieu Peninsula region of South Australia, Australia.  It is an affiliated member of the South Australian National Football League and is zoned to the South Adelaide Football Club.
García Ordóñez
García Ordóñez (died 29 May 1108), called de Nájera or de Cabra and Crispus or el Crespo de Grañón in the epic literature, was a Castilian magnate who ruled the Rioja, with his seat at Nájera, from 1080 until his death. He is famous in literature as the rival of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, the Cid, whose high position at court he took over after the Cid's exile in 1080. He was one of the most important military leaders and territorial governors under Alfonso VI, and was entrusted with military tutorship of the king's heir, Sancho Alfónsez, with whom he died on the field of battle at Uclés.

Sancho Alfónsez
Sancho Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (c. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only son of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; his mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, he eventually co-ruled from Toledo. He predeceased his father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. His death, on his first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of his elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.
Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources
The Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources (ACEPS) is a series of scientific conferences focusing on electrochemical power sources that is held in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia at different locations each time. It was initiated by Professor Zempachi Ogumi in Japan in 2006, and has subsequently been held in China (2007), South Korea (2008), Taiwan (2009), Singapore (2010), India (2012), Japan (2013), China (2015), Korea (2017), and Taiwan (2019). The next meeting will be held in Singapore (Postpone to 2022).

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.