hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Propylparaben
Propylparaben (also spelled propyl paraben) is the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects. Additionally, it can be manufactured synthetically for use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. It is a member of the class of parabens and can be used as a preservative in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and bath products. As a food additive, it has the E number E216.

Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of propylparaben, a compound with formula Na(C3H7(C6H4COO)O), is used similarly as a food additive and as an anti-fungal preservation agent. Its E number is E217.

In 2010, the European Union Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety stated that the use of butylparaben and propylparaben as preservatives in finished cosmetic products is safe to the consumer, as long as the sum of their concentrations does not exceed 0.19%.

Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.
Koirala family
Koirala family (Nepali: कोइराला परिवार) is one of the most prominent political families of Nepal. The Koirala family are Kanyakubja Bahuns or Hill Brahmins. and were inhabitants of Dumja village in the Sindhuli district of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.Most of them also live in Jhapa.The Koiralas are also known for their charismatic nature, which helped them succeed in their political careers and influence people to join their revolution against the system.

Krishna Prasad Koirala, a Rana-era socio-political activist, was exiled to Bihar, India by then Prime Minister Maharaja Chandra Sumsher. Four members of the family, including three brothers (Matrika Prasad Koirala, B. P. Koirala and Girija Prasad Koirala) and their maternal cousin Sushil Koirala, have been Prime Ministers of Nepal.

Prime Minister of Nepal
The prime minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, romanized: Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. The prime minister leads the Council of Ministers and holds the chief executive authority in the country. The prime minister must command majority support and maintain the confidence of the Pratinidhi Sabha to remain in office. If the prime minister loses this support, they are required to resign.

The official residence of the prime minister is located in Baluwatar, Kathmandu. The seat of the prime minister's office has been at Singha Darbar since Chandra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana's reign (1901–1929).

The sitting prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence in Nepal.

Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned on September 9, 2025, following the Gen Z protests. During the interim, Sushila Karki has been serving as prime minister since September 12, 2025.
Brian Marcus
Brian Marcus is an American-born mathematician who works in Canada. He is a professor in the department of mathematics at the University of British Columbia (UBC), where he is the site director of the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIMS), a fellow of the AMS and the IEEE. He was the department head of mathematics at UBC from 2002 to 2007 and the deputy director of PIMS from 2016 to 2018.

Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences
The Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIMS) is a mathematical institute created in 1996 by universities in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States to promote research and excellence in all areas of the mathematical sciences. It provides training and support for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers hosted at member institutions. It also supports visiting researchers and hosts events ranging from individual lectures to multi-year "collaborative research groups (CRGs)" in the mathematical sciences. Additionally, PIMS has a large educational outreach program aimed at promoting mathematics at all levels but with particular focus on primary and secondary levels (K–12).
Dance Dance Danseur
Dance Dance Danseur (Japanese: ダンス・ダンス・ダンスール, Hepburn: Dansu Dansu Dansūru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by George Asakura. It has been serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Weekly Big Comic Spirits since September 2015. An anime television series adaptation produced by MAPPA aired from April to June 2022 on the Super Animeism programming block.

Animeism
Animeism (Japanese: アニメイズム, Hepburn: Animeizumu) is a Japanese late night anime programming block produced by MBS, and airs on all JNN affiliate stations, including TBS, CBC TV, and BS-TBS.

As of October 2025, the programming block airs on Friday nights/Saturday mornings that aired on MBS, TBS, CBC and BS-TBS on a local timeslot, as well as the "Super Animeism Turbo" block on Thursday nights/Friday mornings that airs on all affiliate stations on a network timeslot, replacing the "Super Animeism" block that aired alongside the aforementioned block.
Risto Kirjazovski
Risto Kirjazovski (Macedonian: Ристо Кирјазовски (6 January 1927 – 3 October 2002) was a Macedonian historian, scientist and publisher. He fought as a Partisan in the NOF, and also participated in the Greek Civil War. After 1949 he fled from Macedonia, Greece to SR Macedonia in Yugoslavia and worked on scientific research in the Archives of Macedonia and the Institute for National History in Skopje.

National Liberation Front (Macedonia)
The National Liberation Front (Macedonian: Народноослободителен фронт [НОФ], Narodnoosloboditelen front [NOF]), also known as the People's Liberation Front, was a communist political and military organization created by the Slavic Macedonian minority in Greece. The organization operated from 1945–1949, most prominently in the Greek Civil War. As far as its ruling cadres were concerned its participation in the Greek Civil War was nationalist rather than communist, with the goal of secession from Greece.
Phi Mu Gamma (professional)
Phi Mu Gamma (ΦΜΓ) was an American collegiate professional sorority for the arts. It was established at the Emerson College of Oratory (now Emerson College) in Boston, Massachusetts in 1921. It merged with Lambda Phi Delta, a professional fine arts fraternity, in 1930. It went inactive in the latter 1960s or early 1970s.

Emerson College
Emerson College is a private college in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a school of oratory. The school offers more than 30 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, as well as professional training, primarily focused on the arts and communication, grounded in a liberal arts framework. Emerson is a founding member of the ProArts Consortium, a collaborative association of six neighboring Boston-based institutions dedicated to collegiate-level arts education.

Originally based in Boston's Pemberton Square, the college moved neighborhoods several times and is now located in the Theater District along the south side of the Boston Common. It maintains campuses in Los Angeles and in the Netherlands. Emerson is also notable for the college's namesake public opinion poll, Emerson College Polling.
Manifesto (2015 film)
Manifesto is a 2015 multi-screen film installation written, produced and directed by Julian Rosefeldt. It features Cate Blanchett in 13 different roles performing various manifestos. The film was shot over 12 days in December 2014, in locations in and around Berlin.

Manifesto premiered in Australia at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI) on 9 December 2015. The multi-screen installation was exhibited in Australia, Germany, the United States, and Canada from 2015 to 2019. A 94-minute feature version of the film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2017. It was theatrically released by FilmRise in select cities in the US from 10 May to 16 May 2017, and was made available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video that year. The project received generally positive reviews from critics.

ACMI (museum)
ACMI, formerly the Australian Centre for the Moving Image, is Australia's national museum of screen culture including film, television, videogames, digital culture and art. ACMI was established in 2002 and is based at Federation Square in Melbourne, Victoria.

ACMI features a range of curated exhibitions as well as a permanent exhibition, The Story of the Moving Image. It also provides a regular program film screenings and events, a library and online collection of film and video and an education program.
Lupinus shockleyi
Lupinus shockleyi, commonly known as the desert lupine and the purple desert lupine, is a species of flowering annual plant in the genus Lupinus (lupines) in the legume family Fabaceae. Native to southern California, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona, it can be found in the Mojave Desert. Standing at up to 30 cm (12 in) tall, L. shockleyi blooms from March to May with dark blue-purple petals on flowers which spiral around its inflorescence. It is a two-seeded plant, with seeds that feature a wrinkly texture.

The species was first described by the American botanist Sereno Watson in 1887. Among the specimens that Watson used for his description was one collected by William H. Shockley, a mining engineer who would collect plants while he worked in the region.

Biological specimen
A biological specimen (also called a biospecimen) is a biological laboratory specimen held by a biorepository for research, education, or diagnostics. Such a specimen would be taken by sampling so as to be representative of any other specimen taken from the source of the specimen. When biological specimens are stored, ideally they remain equivalent to freshly-collected specimens for the purposes of research.

Human biological specimens are stored in a type of biorepository called a biobank, and the science of preserving biological specimens is most active in the field of biobanking.
Deepa Bhatia
Deepa Bhatia is a Bollywood film editor, producer and director based in Mumbai. She is known for editing commercially successful films like Tare Zameen Par, My Name is Khan, Rock On, Kai Po Che, Student of the Year and Raees. Furthermore, she has also edited Kedarnath, Drive and the much talked about biopic on Sachin Tendulkar, Sachin: A Billion Dreams.

Deepa believes that editing is making something the best it can be. In her own words, "A movie is written thrice. Once, when it is written, the second, when it is directed, and the third, when it is edited. It is unfortunate that editors don't get their due. It frustrates me when people think cutting is editing."

In 2010, UTV World Movies chose her as the personality of the month to pick four movies of her choice from the channel's collection. The movies she picked were Machuca, Cousin Cousine, Twin Sisters and 8 Women.

Rock On!!
Rock On!! is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language musical drama film written and directed by Abhishek Kapoor and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani under the banner Excel Entertainment. The film stars Akhtar (in his acting debut), Arjun Rampal, Purab Kohli, and Luke Kenny as members of the Mumbai-based rock band "Magik" formed in 1998 who reunited in 2008. Prachi Desai, Shahana Goswami, Koel Purie, and Nicolette Bird appear in supporting roles. Rock On!! received critical acclaim from critics, but performed averagely at the box-office. The film was archived at the Academy Film Archive library. It won seven awards at the 54th Filmfare Awards and two awards at the 57th National Film Awards.

A sequel, Rock On 2, was released eight years later in 2016.
1698 Ambato earthquake
The 1698 Ambato earthquake affected the interior of Ecuador on 20 June at 01:00 local time. The earthquake seismic magnitude (Muk) ranged from 7.2 to 7.9. Damage was widespread and extreme in the provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. The earthquake also triggered mudflows along the Ambato River destroying a city and killing many residents. An estimated 6,500 fatalities were attributed to the shock and thousands more from the landslides.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Lachhman Singh Lehl
Major-General Lachhman Singh Lehl PVSM, VrC (9 July 1923 – 18 June 2020) was a highly decorated Indian Army general and military historian noted for his command of the 20th Mountain Division in the Battle of Hilli during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Vir Chakra
The Vir Chakra (pronunciation: ʋiːɾa tʃakɾa, lit. 'Wheel of Bravery') is an Indian wartime military bravery award presented for acts of gallantry on the battlefield, on land or in the air or at sea.

It is third in precedence in wartime gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.sub=sardul singh =vir chakra}}</1948
Gabriel Maralngurra
Gabriel Maralngurra, also known by his clan name Nawakadj Ngalangbali, (1968-2025) was a leading Kunwinjku speaking artist, author, and researcher in West Arnhem Land, Australia. As an Aboriginal artist, he was well-known and respected within his community for the wide range of responsibilities he took on, especially mentoring new generations of artists at the local art centre, Injalak Arts. His artwork is displayed in various collections including the Australian Museum, Museum Victoria, and the Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection of the University of Virginia. Maralngurra’s paintings have been cited in global archaeological discourse as active interventions that assert Indigenous agency and reinterpret colonial histories through art.

Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection
The Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection of the University of Virginia houses one of the finest Indigenous Australian art collections in the world, rivaling many of the collections held in Australia. It is the only museum outside Australia dedicated solely to Indigenous Australian art. The director of the Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection is Nici Cumpston OAM (Barkandji).

The collection includes many important paintings of the Papunya Tula movement and Arnhem Land artists and comprises more than 3600 objects in a variety of media, including bark and acrylic paintings, sculpture, photography, prints and artifacts, most dating from 1940 onward. The museum has two gallery spaces where exhibitions drawn from the collection as well as works on loan are on view. The exhibitions change every 6 months to a year.

The museum is located at Pantops Farm, a university-owned property once owned by Thomas Jefferson in the Pantops neighborhood of Charlottesville, Virginia.
Tuberculous pericarditis
Tuberculous pericarditis is a form of pericarditis. It is a condition in which the pericardium surrounding the heart is infected by the bacterial species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for a significant percentage of presentations of tuberculosis worldwide. The condition has four stages of disease which manifests with clinical presentations ranging from acute pericarditis to overt heart failure. Tuberculous pericarditis is an under-diagnosed condition. Diagnosis often requires a range of diagnostic tools, including pericardiocentesis, biochemical tests, and imaging. Treatment of this disease is similar to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Alternative treatment options to reduce cardiac complications are also available.

Pericardium
The pericardium (pl. pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.  It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium). It encloses the pericardial cavity, which contains pericardial fluid, and defines the middle mediastinum.  It separates the heart from interference of other structures, protects it against infection and blunt trauma, and lubricates the heart's movements.
The Magnificent Six and 1/2
The Magnificent Six and 1/2 was a British comedy film series for the Children's Film Foundation. Based on Hal Roach's popular Our Gang series of shorts, "Six and 1/2" followed a group of seven children on their fun misadventures. Created by Harry Booth and Roy Simpson, the series ran in cinemas from 1968 to 1972, with three series and eighteen half-hour episodes in all. Following the first two series, Booth and Simpson decided to bring their children's series to television, eventually creating a very similar series called Here Come the Double Deckers!. The final "Six and 1/2" series was produced by a different company and featured an entirely new group of children in the cast.

Children's Film Foundation
The Children's Film Foundation (CFF) is a non-profit organisation which makes films and other media for children in the United Kingdom. Originally it made films to be shown as part of children's Saturday morning matinée cinema programming. The films typically were about 55 minutes long. Over time the organisation's role broadened and its name changed, first to the Children's Film and Television Foundation in the mid-80s and to the Children's Media Foundation in 2012.
Kurohama shell mound
The Kurohama shell mound (黒浜貝塚, Kurohama kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Kurohama neighborhood of the city of Hasuda, Saitama Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan containing a Jōmon period shell midden and settlement ruin. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2006.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
Loïc Meillard
Loïc Meillard (French pronunciation: [lɔik mɛjaʁ]; born 29 October 1996) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer and specializes in the technical events of slalom and giant slalom. Born in Neuchâtel, Meillard made his World Cup debut in January 2015. He is the men's slalom champion at the 2026 Winter Olympics. He also won silver for team combined ski and bronze in giant slalom at that Olympic edition.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Jair (footballer, born 1921)
Jair da Rosa Pinto (21 March 1921 – 28 July 2005), or simply Jair, was an association footballer who played offensive midfielder – one of the leading Brazilian men's footballers of the 1940s and 1950s, who is best remembered for his performance in Brazil's 1950 FIFA World Cup campaign. Usually playing as an inside-forward, Jair da Rosa was noted for his free-role style of play and was most known for his pace and technical ability.

1950 FIFA World Cup
The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950.

It was the first World Cup tournament in over twelve years, as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II. Italy, the two-time defending champions, were eliminated in the first round for the first time in history. Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930, defeated the host nation, Brazil, in the deciding match of the four-team group of the final round, causing what is sometimes known as one of the biggest upsets in sports history, occasionally called the Maracanaço. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the inaugural tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.
Sonnet 81
Sonnet 81 is one of 154 sonnets written by William Shakespeare, and published in a quarto titled Shakespeare's Sonnets in 1609. It is a part of the Fair Youth series of sonnets, and the fourth sonnet of the Rival Poet series.

Sonnet
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word sonetto (lit. 'little song', from the Latin word sonus, lit. 'sound'). Originating in 13th-century Sicily, the sonnet was in time taken up in many European-language areas, mainly to express romantic love at first, although eventually any subject was considered acceptable. Many formal variations were also introduced, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit – and even of rhyme altogether in modern times.