hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Average absolute deviation
The average absolute deviation (AAD) of a data set is the average of the absolute deviations from a central point. It is a summary statistic of statistical dispersion or variability. In the general form, the central point can be a mean, median, mode, or the result of any other measure of central tendency or any reference value related to the given data set. 
AAD includes the mean absolute deviation and the median absolute deviation (both abbreviated as MAD).

Central tendency
In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called averages. The term central tendency dates from the late 1920s.

The most common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic mean, the median, and the mode.  A middle tendency can be calculated for either a finite set of values or for a theoretical distribution, such as the normal distribution. Occasionally authors use central tendency to denote "the tendency of quantitative data to cluster around some central value."

The central tendency of a distribution is typically contrasted with its dispersion or variability; dispersion and central tendency are the often characterized properties of distributions. Analysis may judge whether data has a strong or a weak central tendency based on its dispersion.
Herrenwieser Schwallung
The Herrenwieser Schwallung is a splash dam, built in 1844–47 of bunter sandstone, near Herrenwies in the Black Forest, which impounds the waters of the Schwarzenbach stream into a pond. In the days of timber rafting it was periodically opened and washed the fallen logs or timber rafts downstream into the valley. Today the dam acts as a bridge over the Schwarzenbach.

Timber rafting
Timber rafting is a method of transporting felled tree trunks by tying them together to make rafts, which are then drifted or pulled downriver, or across a lake or other body of water. It is arguably, after log driving, the second cheapest means of transporting felled timber. Both methods may be referred to as timber floating. The tradition of timber rafting cultivated in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Latvia, Poland and Spain was inscribed on UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022.
1953 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 7, 1953. Incumbent mayor Allan Lamport won an unexpectedly close race against school board chairman Arthur J. Brown. This election was the first for councils in the municipality of Metropolitan Toronto which would be created on January 1, 1954, and was composed of 14 municipalities: the City of Toronto, the towns of New Toronto, Mimico, Weston and Leaside; the villages of Long Branch, Swansea and Forest Hill, and the townships of Etobicoke, York, North York, East York, and Scarborough.

A Metropolitan Toronto Council had come into being on April 15, 1953, and was made up of the Metro Chairman, Frederick Gardiner, who had been appointed by the province, the Mayor of Toronto, the City of Toronto's two most senior Controllers, nine senior aldermen from each of the City of Toronto (the top finisher in each ward), and the twelve suburban mayors and reeves.

Swansea, Toronto
Swansea is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, bounded on the west by the Humber River, on the north by Bloor Street, on the east by High Park  and on the south by Lake Ontario. The neighbourhood was originally a separate municipality, the Village of Swansea, which became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953.

Swansea is represented by Ward 4 Parkdale—High Park along with the federal and provincial ridings of Parkdale—High Park and the postal code is M6S. It is patrolled by the 11 Division of the Toronto Police Service.
Serafima Sakhanovich
Serafima "Sima" Andreyevna Sakhanovich (Russian: Серафима Андреевна Саханович; born 9 February 2000) is a retired Russian figure skater. She has won six medals on the ISU Challenger Series circuit, and is the 2017 C.S. Warsaw Cup champion, and the 2018 C.S. Tallinn Trophy champion. She is also the 2019 Denis Ten Memorial champion.

On the junior level, she is a two-time Junior World silver medalist (2014-2015), a two-time Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist, the 2013 JGP Estonia champion, the 2014 JGP Japan champion, the 2014 JGP Slovenia champion, and the 2014 Russian junior national champion.

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.
Vantage Towers
Vantage Towers is a European infrastructure company headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany. The company is involved in the construction, management, and leasing of towers, antenna masts, and other facilities to mobile network operators.

Previously, Vantage Towers was a subsidiary of the British telecommunications company Vodafone Group and was listed on the stock exchange from 2021 to 2023. In terms of sites and turnover, Vantage Towers is among the largest infrastructure companies in Europe.

Vodafone
Vodafone Group Public Limited Company (/ˈvoʊdəfoʊn/) is a British multinational telecommunications company. Its registered office and global headquarters are in Newbury, Berkshire, England. It predominantly operates services in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania.

As of January 2025, Vodafone owns and operates networks in 15 countries, with partner networks in 46 further countries.

Vodafone has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. The company has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ as American depositary receipts (ADRs).
Suʻa County
Suʻa County (itu malo Suʻa) is a county in the Eastern District in American Samoa. Su'a County contains the villages of Afono, Fagaitua, Falefa (including the settlements of Alega, Amaua, Auto, Avai'o and a portion of the settlement of Pagai), Lauli'i, Masefau, Masausi and Sailele. The county had a population of 3,323 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. According to the Constitution of American Samoa, Sua County is represented by two senatorial seats in the American Samoa Senate.

Fagaʻitua is the principal place of Suʻa County.

Afono, American Samoa
Afono (Samoan: Āfono) is a village on the northeast coast of Tutuila Island, American Samoa. One of the island's more populous villages, it is located on the edge of Afono Bay, at the eastern edge of the National Park of American Samoa. It is connected by Highway 6 to Vatia, which lies along the coast to the northwest, and to Aua, on the edge of Pago Pago Harbor to the south via a winding stretch of highway which crosses the spine of the island.

Afono has been inhabited for at least 1000 years.
Janez Lenarčič
Janez Lenarčič (born 6 November 1967) is a Slovenian diplomat who served as European Commissioner for Crisis Management in the first Von der Leyen Commission from 2019 to 2024. He is a former director of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights within the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Von der Leyen Commission I
The first von der Leyen Commission was the European Commission in office from 1 December 2019 to 30 November 2024. It consisted of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen, its president, who is from Germany.

The commission was scheduled to take office on 1 November 2019; however, the French, Hungarian and Romanian commissioner-candidates lost their confirmation votes by the European Parliament in early October 2019, so new commissioners had to be selected from those three member states by the President-elect and subsequently confirmed by the Parliament. This process took place in November 2019 and the Commission eventually took office in its entirety on 1 December 2019.
Robert Pera
Robert J. Pera (born March 10, 1978) is an American businessman and engineer who is the founder and chief executive officer of Ubiquiti Inc., a global communications technology company that he took public in 2011. In October 2012, Pera also became the owner of the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association. At the age of 36, Pera earned a spot on Forbes' list of the 10 youngest billionaires in the world.

As of 2025, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$32.2 billion and that same year the Bloomberg Billionaires Index estimated his net worth at US$ 25.5 billion.

Ubiquiti
Ubiquiti Inc. (formerly Ubiquiti Networks, Inc.) is an American technology company founded in San Jose, California, in 2003. Now based in New York City, Ubiquiti manufactures and sells wireless data communication and wired products for enterprises and homes under multiple brand names. On October 13, 2011, Ubiquiti had its initial public offering (IPO) at 7.04 million shares, at $15 per share, raising $30.5 million.
Fairway Rock
65°37′31″N 168°44′33″W﻿ / ﻿65.6253°N 168.7426°W﻿ / 65.6253; -168.7426

Fairway Rock (Inupiaq: Ugiiyaq) (Census block 1047, Nome, Alaska) is a small islet with mostly vertical rock faces in the Bering Strait, located southeast of the Diomede Islands and west of Alaska's Cape Prince of Wales. Part of Alaska, a U.S. state, the islet has an area of 0.3 km2 (0.12 mi2). Known to Inuit of the Bering Strait region in prehistory, Fairway was documented by James Cook in 1778 and named by Frederick Beechey in 1826. Although uninhabited, the island is a nesting site for seabirds — most notably the least and crested auklet — which prompt egg-collecting visits from local indigenous peoples.  The United States Navy placed radioisotope thermoelectric generator-powered environmental monitoring equipment on the island from the 1960s through the 1990s.

Least auklet
The least auklet (Aethia pusilla) is a seabird and the smallest species of auk. It is the most abundant seabird in North America, and one of the most abundant in the world, with a population of around nine million birds. They breed on the islands of Alaska and Siberia, and spend the winter close to the edge of the ice sheet.  Their largest colonies are on the Aleutian Islands, St. Lawrence Island and Little Diomede Island.
SV Spakenburg
Sportvereniging Spakenburg is a football club based in Bunschoten-Spakenburg, Netherlands, that competes in the Tweede Divisie, the third tier of the Dutch football league system. The club was founded on 15 August 1931, and is regarded as one of the most successful amateur clubs in the Netherlands, having won three championships of the top tier in amateur football. In the 2022–23 season, the club reached the semi-finals of the KNVB Cup by eliminating two Eredivisie clubs.

Spakenburg plays its home matches at Sportpark De Westmaat. Their colours are blue and white stripes. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Bunschoten-Spakenburg neighbours IJsselmeervogels.

2022–23 KNVB Cup
The 2022–23 KNVB Cup, for sponsoring reasons officially called the TOTO KNVB Beker, was the 105th edition of the Dutch national football annual knockout tournament for the KNVB Cup. 46 teams contested, beginning in August with the first of two preliminary rounds, and concluded in April 2023 with the final played at De Kuip in Rotterdam.

PSV were the defending champions, having defeated Ajax 2–1 in the previous season's final. They went on to successfully defend their title, again defeating Ajax in the final, this time via a penalty shoot-out.

PSV contested the 2023 Johan Cruyff Shield against the 2022–23 Eredivisie champions Feyenoord, 1-0.
Fred Corcoran
Fred J. Corcoran (April 4, 1905 – June 23, 1977) was a golf tournament director, publicist, agent and business manager. Known around the world as "Mr. Golf," he was one of the first non-players to be inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. He acted as tournament manager of the PGA in the 1930s and promotion manager in the 1940s. He was also founder of the LPGA, the Golf Writers Association of America, and the Metropolitan Golf Writers Association. He was also a tournament director, however, working as the lead administrator of the Thunderbird Classic and Westchester Classic. He was also the director of the International Golf Association. In addition to golf, his diverse career also included the world of baseball, boxing, hockey, and football. At one time managed the business affairs of Sam Snead, Ted Williams, Babe Zaharias, Stan Musial, Tony Lema, Ken Venturi, Seve Ballesteros, Tom Weiskopf, and Pete Gogolak.

Babe Didrikson Zaharias
Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias (/zəˈhɑːriəs/; née Didrikson; June 26, 1911 – September 27, 1956) was an American athlete who excelled in golf, basketball, baseball, and track and field. She won two gold medals and a silver in track and field at the 1932 Summer Olympics before turning to professional golf and winning 10 LPGA major championships.
The Broadway Cinema (Prestwick)
The Broadway Cinema is an Art Deco category C-listed building in Prestwick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Opened on 29 April 1935, the Broadway has operated as a cinema, bingo hall, and leisure centre, before a period of dereliction ending with the acquisition of the building by registered charity Friends of the Broadway Prestwick on 29 April 2024.

Bingo (British version)
Bingo is a game of probability in which players mark off numbers on cards as the numbers are drawn randomly by a caller, the winner being the first person to mark off all their numbers. Bingo, traditionally known as Housey-Housey, became increasingly popular across the UK following the Betting and Gaming Act 1960 with more purpose-built bingo halls opened every year until 2005. Since 2005, bingo halls have seen a marked decline in revenues and many have closed. The number of bingo clubs in Britain dropped from nearly 600 in 2005 to under 400 in 2014. These closures have been blamed on high taxes, the smoking ban, and the rise in online gambling.

In Quebec, this game is called Kinzo. In India, it is known as Tambola.

Bingo played in the UK (90-ball bingo) is distinct from bingo played in the US (75-ball bingo), which has a square ticket layout and a different style of calling.
Ky Hollenbeck
Ky Conrad Hollenbeck (born June 17, 1987) is an American Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the middleweight division. He won national and North American titles as an amateur in his teens before turning professional in 2007 and beating Billy Evangelista for the California state belt. He soon began competing internationally and rose to prominence when he took a decision victory over Steve Moxon in the final of a four-man tournament in 2010. The following year, Hollenbeck outpointed Gregory Choplin for the WBC Muaythai Interim World Middleweight Championship and then debuted in the Glory promotion in May 2012.

An aggressive and dynamic fighter, Hollenbeck uses a large arsenal of attacks and possesses considerable punching power.

Grégory Choplin
Grégory "Cheetah" Choplin (born 15 November 1980 in Saint-Denis) is a French-Ivorian Middleweight and Super Middleweight Muay Thai kickboxer.

Choplin currently fights out of DEREK boxing in la Courneuve. He is from Saint-Denis, Paris, France.  He is a two-time Muay Thai world champion who has had several title fights within the It's Showtime organization and is widely thought of as one of the top kickboxers in France.
Xingcha Shenglan
The Xingcha Shenglan (Chinese: 星槎勝覽; lit. 'The Overall Survey of the Star Raft') is a Chinese historical work written by Fei Xin. Fei Xin served as a soldier in the third, fifth, and seventh Ming treasure voyages under the command of Admiral Zheng He. The book contains descriptions of foreign places that the Chinese mariners had seen. The literary term "star raft" refers to an ambassador's flagship.

According to Dreyer (2007), Fei Xin's book was strongly influenced by Ma Huan's Yingya Shenglan. Ma Huan was a translator and interpreter on Zheng He's fourth, sixth, and seventh treasure voyage.

Fei Xin's original work comprised two chapters. However, he rewrote and illustrated the initial work before presenting it to the court.

Ma Huan
Ma Huan (simplified Chinese: 马欢; traditional Chinese: 馬歡; pinyin: Mǎ Huān, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ  ﺧُﻮًا) (c. 1380–1460), courtesy name Zongdao (Chinese: 宗道; pinyin: Zōngdào), pen name Mountain-woodcutter (會稽山樵), was a Chinese explorer, translator, and travel writer who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his seven expeditions to the Western Oceans. Ma was a Muslim and was born in Zhejiang's Kuaiji Commandery, an area within the modern borders of Shaoxing. He knew several Classical Chinese and Buddhist texts. He learned Arabic to be able to translate.
Maddie Leech
Madelaine Leech (born 4 May 2003) is an English international cyclist. In 2022, she represented England at the Commonwealth Games and won a bronze medal in the women's team pursuit. She was a two-time medalist at the 2025 UEC European Track Championships. She has ridden for UCI Women's Continental Team Lifeplus–Wahoo. and currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Alba Development Racing Team

2025 UEC European Track Championships
The 2025 UEC European Track Championships was the sixteenth edition of the elite UEC European Track Championships in track cycling and took place at the Velodroom Limburg in Heusden-Zolder, Belgium, from 12 to 16 February 2025.
MS Kungsholm (1952)
MS  Kungsholm was a combined ocean liner / cruise ship built in 1953 by the De Schelde shipyard in Vlissingen, the Netherlands for the Swedish American Line. Between 1965 and 1981 she sailed for the North German Lloyd and their successor Hapag-Lloyd as MS Europa. From 1981 until 1984 she sailed for Costa Cruises as MS Columbus C. She sank in the port of Cádiz, Spain after ramming a breakwater on 29 July 1984. The vessel was refloated later that year, but sent to a Barcelona shipbreaker in 1985 for scrapping.

MS Stockholm (1940)
MS  Stockholm was the name of two near-identical ocean liners built by Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Monfalcone, Italy between 1936 and 1941 for the Swedish American Line. Neither of the ships entered service for the company that had ordered them—the first ship was entirely destroyed by fire during construction in 1938, while the second was completed in 1941 but immediately sold to the Italian government as a troopship. The second ship served for three years in the Regia Marina and Kriegsmarine under the name MS Sabaudia, until sunk by British bombers outside Trieste in 1944. It is unknown if she was ever actually used as a troopship.
Grate heater
A tubular grate heater is any grate or heat exchanger for a fireplace, designed from  metal tubing. Through the tubing is circulated home air that becomes heated by the fire, and then vented back into the room and home. It is a heat recovery device that improves the efficiency and ability of a fireplace to get the heat from the fire out and into the home. From simple to ornate, they can contribute significantly to the overall comfort of a room and potentially to a whole house. This in turn will reduce the amount of firewood needed to achieve the same comfort level, potentially reducing heating costs and expenses.

Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.
Drosophila cardini species group
The Drosophila cardini species group belongs to the subgenus Drosophila of vinegar flies in the Immigrans-tripunctata radiation of the subgenus Drosophila. The closest relatives of Cardini species include Drosophila bizonata, Drosophila quinaria, and Drosophila testacea species groups, comprising mushroom-feeding flies. Cardini group species likely derived their more general feeding ecology from a mushroom-feeding ancestor, an evolutionary transition in feeding similar to Drosophila quinaria.

Drosophila (subgenus)
Drosophila is a paraphyletic subgenus  of the genus Drosophila, a classification of fruit flies. This subgenus was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939. Members of the subgenus Drosophila can be distinguished from other drosophilid species by breaks in the pigmentation along the dorsal section of their abdomen.
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a non-fiction movie tie-in book by Jeff Kinney about the making of the 2010 film Diary of a Wimpy Kid. The book received revisions to include information about the making of the 2011 film Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules and the 2012 film Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days.

Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011 film)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules is a 2011 American comedy film directed by David Bowers, and written by Jeff Judah and Gabe Sachs, based on the 2008 novel. It stars Zachary Gordon, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Robert Capron and Steve Zahn. The film is the second installment in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series, following Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010), and follows the relationship between seventh grader Greg Heffley and his older brother, Rodrick.

The film was announced in May 2010, and principal photography began in August 2010.

Rodrick Rules was released on March 25, 2011, by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $72 million. A sequel, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days, was released in 2012, and an animated adaptation of the book was released in 2022.
70th Mixed Brigade
The 70th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. The unit intervened in the battles of Jarama, Guadalajara and Brunete. At the end of the war it played a role in the Casado coup.

Battle of Brunete
The Battle of Brunete (6–25 July 1937), fought 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Madrid, was a Republican attempt to alleviate the pressure exerted by the Nationalists on the capital and on the north during the Spanish Civil War. Although initially successful, the Republicans were forced to retreat from Brunete after Nationalist counterattacks, and suffered devastating casualties from the battle.
Howling V: The Rebirth
Howling V: The Rebirth is a 1989 direct-to-video horror film directed by Neal Sundstrom from the screenplay by Freddie Rowe and Clive Turner, and filmed in Budapest, Hungary. Starring Philip Davis, Victoria Catlin, Elizabeth She, Ben Cole, and William Shockley, The Rebirth is the fifth entry in the series of eight stand-alone films with loose continuity.

The Howling (franchise)
The Howling is an American werewolf-themed horror media franchise that includes three novels and eight films. The series began with the 1977 horror novel The Howling by Gary Brandner, which was in 1981 adapted into the film of the same name, directed by Joe Dante.