hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wali al-Din al-'Iraqi
Walī al-Dīn Abū Zur'ah Aḥmad ibn 'Abd al-Raḥīm Arabic: ولي الدين أبو زُرعة أحمد بن عبد الرحيم, more commonly known as Walī al-Dīn al-'Irāqī Arabic: ولي الدين العراقي or sometimes Ibn al-'Irāqī Arabic: ابن العراقي; 723-804 AH/ 1323–1401 CE) was a Sunni Egyptian scholar and a prominent figure in the intellectual life of the medieval Islamic world. A multidisciplinary scholar, he specialized in Shafi'i jurisprudence, legal theory, hadith sciences, Quran exegesis, and Arabic language. Renowned for his meticulous scholarship and rigorous research, he was widely regarded as one of the leading ḥadīth authorities of his era. He was the son of Zain al-Din al-Iraqi.

Nur al-Din al-Haythami
Nur al-Din `Ali ibn Abi Bakr ibn Sulayman, Abu al-Hasan al-Haythami (Arabic: نور الدين الهيثمي, commonly known as Nur al-Din al-Haythami was a famous Sunni Egyptian scholar and an eminent Hadith expert who wrote lengthy works on hadith sciences.
Siege of İnegöl
The siege of İnegöl took place between Agios Nikolaos, the governor of the fort, and the Kayı army under the command of Turgut Alp. This conquest was one of the first conquests in Ottoman history after the siege of Kulaca Hisar. After the end of the siege, Tekfur Nikolaos was executed by Turgut Alp. The conquest took place in 1299. This battle triggered the Battle of Bapheus, where the Byzantines attempted to reconquer the lost territory, which in turn led to the Siege of Bursa eventually leading to the establishment of the Ottoman Beylik.

Siege of Kulaca Hisar
The Siege of Kulaca Hisar (Ottoman Turkish: فتحِ قلجه حصار, lit. 'Feth-i Kulaca Hisâr') was a battle fought between the Byzantines and the Turks under the command of Osman Gazi in 1285 for control of Fort Kulaca.
Maud Grieve
Sophie Emma Magdalene Grieve (née Law; 4 May 1858 – 21 December 1941), also known as Maud, Margaret, Maude or Mrs. Grieve,  was the principal and founder of The Whins Medicinal and Commercial Herb School and Farm at Chalfont St. Peter in Buckinghamshire, England.

Grieve was a Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society, President of the British Guild of Herb Growers, and Fellow of the British Science Guild. She is best known for her 1931 book, A Modern Herbal.

Chalfont St Peter
Chalfont St Peter is a large village and civil parish in southeastern Buckinghamshire, England. It is in a group of villages called The Chalfonts which also includes Chalfont St Giles and Little Chalfont. The villages lie between High Wycombe and Rickmansworth. Chalfont St Peter is one of the largest villages, with nearly 13,000 residents. The urban population for Chalfont St Peter and Gerrards Cross is 19,622, the two places being considered a single area by the Office for National Statistics.

Gerrards Cross was once a hamlet in the parish of Chalfont St Peter, but became a village and civil parish in its own right.

Chalfont St Peter is 19.8 miles (31.9 km) west-north-west of Charing Cross, central London and is also in close proximity to Heathrow Airport, Pinewood and Elstree film studios, and the motorway network (M25, and M40).
Stock dilution
Stock dilution, also known as equity dilution,  is the decrease in existing shareholders' ownership percentage of a company as a result of the company issuing new equity. New equity increases the total shares outstanding which has a dilutive effect on the ownership percentage of existing shareholders.  This increase in the number of shares outstanding can result from a primary market offering (including an initial public offering), employees exercising stock options, or by issuance or conversion of convertible bonds, preferred shares or warrants into stock. This dilution can shift fundamental positions of the stock such as ownership percentage, voting control, earnings per share, and the value of individual shares.

Earnings per share
Earnings per share (EPS) is the monetary value of earnings per outstanding share of common stock for a company during a defined period of time, often a year. It is a key measure of corporate profitability, focusing on the interests of the company's owners (shareholders), and is commonly used to price stocks.

In the United States, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) requires EPS information for the four major categories of the income statement: continuing operations, discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and net income.
Sergei Dobrin
Sergei Vladimirovich Dobrin (Russian: Серге́й Владимирович Добрин, born 22 September 1986) is a Russian former competitive figure skater. He is the 2005 World Junior bronze medalist and a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix Final silver medalist. On the senior level, he won bronze medals at the 2006 Trophée Éric Bompard, 2006 Finlandia Trophy, and two Russian Championships (2006 and 2007).

2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2005 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held at The Aud - Dom Cardillo Arena in Kitchener, Canada from February 28 to March 6. The event is open to figure skaters from ISU member nations who have reached the age of 13 by July 1 of the previous year, but have not yet turned 19. The upper age limit for men competing in pairs and dance is 21. Skaters compete in four disciplines: men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The term "Junior" refers to the age level rather than the skill level. Therefore, some of the skaters competing had competed nationally and internationally at the senior level, but were still age-eligible for World Juniors.

The compulsory dance was the Blues. Due to the large number of participants, the men's and ladies' qualifying groups were split into groups A and B. Scores did not carry over from qualifying and so were not factored into the total score or placements.
R. A. U. P. Rajapaksa
Air Chief Marshal R. A. Udeni P. Rajapaksa RSP & two Bars, VSV, USP was a Sri Lanka Air Force pilot who served as the Commander of the Sri Lanka Air Force from June 2023 to January 2025. Previously, he served as Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Air Force, Director Air Operations, Base Commander SLAF Katunayake and Commandant of the Air Force Academy China Bay.

Sri Lanka Air Force Academy
The Air Force Academy (AFA) is the Sri Lanka Air Force's training and education academy which provides initial training to all SLAF personnel who are preparing to be commissioned officers. AFA also provides initial training to Officer Cadets of the general duties pilot branch. The Air Force Academy is based at SLAF China Bay in Trincomalee. The Commandant of the academy is an officer of the rank of Air Commodore.

The academy offers a two-year program of basic flight training and a variety of specialized courses. Flight training is carried out by the 1 Flying Training Wing which is attached to the academy.
Jasurbek Jaloliddinov
Jasurbek Jaloliddinov (born 15 May 2002) is an Uzbek professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Uzbekistan Super League club Sogdiana and the Uzbekistan national team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2019".

FC Sogdiana
Sogdiyona Jizzakh (Uzbek: Soʻgʻdiyona Jizzax Futbol Klubi / "Сўғдиёна" Жиззах Футбол Клуби), formerly known as Sogdiana, is an Uzbek professional football club based in Jizzakh, that plays in the Uzbekistan Super League.

Football Club Sogdiyona Jizzakh was founded in 1970, and is named after the ancient historical area of Sogdia. In Soviet times, the club was mainly involved in the Second and First Leagues of the USSR Championship. In 1979 it became the winner of zone "Central Asia" of the Second League of the USSR. In the debut drawing of the Uzbekistan Higher League in 1992, Sogdiana sensationally won the bronze medal of this league, an achievement which is still the highest in their history. Besides, they have three times became the winners of the Uzbekistan First League (now called the Uzbekistan Pro League), once won silver league medal, were also two-time winners of the Uzbekistan League Cup.
San Mateo County Community College District
The San Mateo County Community College District is a community college system in California, United States. It includes three institutions: College of San Mateo in San Mateo, Cañada College in Redwood City, and Skyline College in San Bruno. The district serves more than 25,000 students each day with both day and evening classes.

Cañada College
Cañada College is a public community college in Redwood City, California. It is located on 131 acres (53 hectares) in the western part of Redwood City. The college offers 80 A.A./A.S. degree programs and 48 certificate programs.
My Brother's Keeper (film)
My Brother's Keeper is a 1948 British crime film in the form of a convicts-on-the-run chase thriller, directed by Alfred Roome for Gainsborough Pictures.  It was the first of only two films directed by Roome (the other being the following year's comedy It's Not Cricket) during a long career as a film editor. The film stars Jack Warner and George Cole and was produced by Sydney Box.

Gainsborough Pictures
Gainsborough Pictures was a British film studio based on the south bank of the Regent's Canal, in Poole Street, Hoxton, London. Gainsborough Studios was active between 1924 and 1951. The company was initially based at Islington Studios, which were built as a power station for the Great Northern & City Railway and later converted to studios.

Other films were made at Lime Grove and Pinewood Studios. The former Islington studio was converted to flats in 2004 and a London Borough of Hackney historical plaque is attached to the building. The studio is best remembered for the Gainsborough melodramas it produced in the 1940s.

Gainsborough Pictures is now owned by Gregory Motton.
Regina Hesse
Regina Hesse (1832–1898),  also Rottmann, was a Euro-African schoolteacher in colonial Ghana. As an educationist, she was one of first women exemplars on the Gold Coast to become a school administrator. Hesse was trained by the Angolan-born Jamaican Moravian pioneer woman teacher, Catherine Mulgrave who set up three girls’ specialist boarding schools at Osu, Abokobi and Odumase and was active in the women's Christian ministry in Christiansborg, Accra.

Osu, Accra
Osu is a neighbourhood in central Accra, Ghana, West Africa. It is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the central business district, and is locally known as the "West End" of Accra. Bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, Osu's western boundary is the Independence Avenue. Osu is separated from the northern district of Labone by Ring Road. Due to its establishment as a settlement in the 17th century, Osu has a mix of houses dating from the early 20th century and modern office towers.
Kazhuoish languages
The Kazhuoish languages are a branch of Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). There are five languages.

Katso

Samu

Sanie

Sadu

Meuma

Samei may or may not be a Kazhuoish language.

However, Bradley (2007) classifies the Kazhuoish languages as Northern Loloish, and considers Samu and Sanie to be closely related to Nasu.

Sanie language
Sanie (autonym: sɑ21 ɲɛ21 or sɑ21 ŋʷɛ21) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the White Yi (白彝) (Bradley 1997).

A Sanie pinyin orthography had also been developed recently (Bradley 2005).
Lindstrand Balloons
Lindstrand Balloons was a manufacturer of hot air balloons and other aerostats. The company was started by Swedish-born pilot and aeronautical designer Per Lindstrand in Oswestry, England, as Colt Balloons (later Thunder & Colt Balloons, then Lindstrand Balloons) in 1978. Lindstrand Balloons was known for its leading-edge engineering, which included sophisticated testing and production facilities.

Lindstrand Balloons designed and built the hot air balloons flown by Per Lindstrand and Richard Branson on their record breaking flights; first across the Atlantic Ocean in 1987 and then the Pacific Ocean in 1990. Subsequently Lindstrand designed and built three Rozière balloons which Per Lindstrand and Branson and others used in their unsuccessful attempts to circumnavigate the Earth by balloon. Per Lindstrand played an instrumental role in making these flights possible, and was pilot for all of them.

Rozière balloon
A Rozière balloon (or simply Rozière) is a hybrid balloon that has separate chambers for a non-heated lifting gas (such as hydrogen or helium) as well as for a heated lifting gas (as used in a hot air balloon, or Montgolfière). The design was created by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1754–1785).

A Rozière-type balloon has the advantage of partial control of buoyancy with much less use of fuel than a typical hot air balloon. This reduction of fuel consumption has allowed Rozière balloons and their crews to achieve very long flight times, as much as several days or even weeks.
Gabon men's national basketball team
The Gabon men's national basketball team (French: Équipe nationale de basket-ball du Gabon) representing Gabon in men's international basketball competitions, It is administered by the Gabon Basketball Federation.

At the AfroBasket 2015, Gabon finished 8th, its best placement ever.

AfroBasket 2015
AfroBasket 2015 was the 28th edition of the AfroBasket, a men's basketball continental championship of Africa. It also served as the qualifying tournament for FIBA Africa at the 2016 Summer Olympics Basketball Tournament in Brazil. The tournament was held in Tunis, Tunisia. The winner qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics Basketball Tournament.

Nigeria won their first ever AfroBasket, beating Angola in the final 74–65. Chamberlain Oguchi was named tourney MVP.

By winning the title, Nigeria automatically qualified for the 2016 Olympics. The next three best-placed teams, Angola, Tunisia, and Senegal, each secured a spot in the final FIBA World Olympic qualifying tournament.
108th Infantry Division (German Empire)
The 108th Infantry Division (German: 108. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I.  The division was formed in May 1915 as "Division Beckmann" (named for its commander, Max Beckmann) and became the 108th Infantry Division on November 7, 1915.  It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in 1915.  The division was disbanded in September 1918 and its assets distributed to other units.

The division was formed primarily from the excess infantry regiments of existing divisions which were being triangularized.  The division's 97th Infantry Regiment came from the 42nd Infantry Division; the 137th Infantry Regiment came from the 31st Infantry Division; and the 265th Reserve Infantry Regiment came from the 80th Reserve Division.

Triangular division
A triangular division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized. In a triangular organization, the division's main body is composed of three regimental maneuver elements.  These regiments may be controlled by a brigade headquarters (more typical in World War I) or directly subordinated to the division commander.  By contrast, in a square division, there were typically two brigades of two regiments.  Other structures are possible, such as a pentomic division, where the division commander controls five maneuver elements, which was used in the United States Army in the late 1950s, with the regiments replaced by combined arms battlegroups.
Luca Lanotte
Luca Lanotte (born 30 July 1985) is an Italian former ice dancer. With partner Anna Cappellini, he is the 2014 World champion, the 2014 European champion, the 2015 Cup of China champion and a thirteen-time medalist on the Grand Prix series, and a seven-time Italian national champion (2012–18).

2014 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2014 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2013–14 season. The competition was held in Budapest, Hungary from January 13 to 19th, 2014. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Conzano
The Commune of Conzano (Italian: Comune di Conzano; Piemontese: Consan) is a municipality located in the south of Casale Monferrato, in the north-west of the italian province of Alessandria.
The town became famous for having been declared, in 1992, as the symbol of the massive emigration of the people to the northern Queensland, Australia, about 1890-1935 period: the ancient town square, named Piazza d'Armi (= Weapons Square), was renamed in Piazza Australia and Conzano has been twinned with Ingham, Queensland.

Ingham, Queensland
Ingham is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Hinchinbrook, Queensland, Australia.  It is named after William Bairstow Ingham and is the administrative centre for the Shire of Hinchinbrook.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Ingham had a population of 4,455 people.
Danja Haslacher
Danja Haslacher is an Austrian alpine skier who won five gold medals and one bronze medal at the Paralympic Games between 1998 and 2006. She also claimed victory in the super-G LW2 event at the 2004 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.

2006 Winter Paralympics
The 2006 Winter Paralympic Games (Italian: Giochi paralimpici invernali del 2006), the ninth Paralympic Winter Games, took place in Turin, Italy, from 10 to 19 March 2006.  These were the first Winter Paralympic Games to be held in Italy. They were also the first Paralympics to use the new Paralympics logo.

20 years later, Italy will host the Winter Paralympics again in 2026, scheduled to be held in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Mackey functor
In mathematics, particularly in representation theory and algebraic topology, a Mackey functor is a type of functor that generalizes various constructions in group theory and equivariant homotopy theory. Named after American mathematician George Mackey, these functors were first introduced by German mathematician Andreas Dress in 1971.

Equivariant stable homotopy theory
In mathematics, more specifically in topology, the equivariant stable homotopy theory is a subfield of equivariant topology that studies a spectrum with group action instead of a space with group action, as in stable homotopy theory. The field has become more active recently because of its connection to algebraic K-theory.
Aciculolenus
Aciculolenus is a genus of trilobites that lived during the Furongian epoch of the Cambrian in what is now North America. First described in 1965 by paleontologist Allison R. Palmer with the species Aciculolenus peculiaris, other researchers have since found and described additional species in British Columbia, Canada: A. palmeri and A. askewi. Specimens are small, with the largest reaching 9–18 millimeters (0.35–0.71 in) depending on species. Their bodily segments are narrow, with some ending in long, spiny tips. The possibility that their size and other anatomical features can be explained by paedomorphosis (slower development compared to relatives) has been considered. Their habitats included calm, deep sea floors where they would have coexisted with other trilobites and a few other animals. Living in the benthos, it is possible that they maintained a symbiotic relationship with chemoautotrophs in their environment.

Neoteny
Neoteny (/niˈɒtəni/), also called juvenilization, is the delaying or slowing of the physiological, or somatic, development of an organism, typically an animal. Neoteny in modern humans is more significant than in other primates. In progenesis or paedogenesis, sexual development is accelerated.

Both neoteny and progenesis result in paedomorphism (as having the form typical of children) or paedomorphosis (changing towards forms typical of children), a type of heterochrony. It is the retention in adults of traits previously seen only in the young. Such retention is important in evolutionary biology, domestication, and evolutionary developmental biology. Some authors define paedomorphism as the retention of larval traits, as seen in salamanders.
Maria Diaconescu
Maria Diaconescu (née Diți; born 16 November 1937) is a Romanian former javelin thrower. She won the silver medal in women's javelin throw at the 1962 European Athletics Championships, competed in the Summer Olympics twice, and was ranked in the world's top ten five times between 1957 and 1964.

1962 European Athletics Championships
The 7th European Athletics Championships were held from 12–16 September 1962 in the JNA Stadium in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (present-day Serbia).  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald. Just before the meet, the IAAF council approved the use of glass fibre poles for pole vaulting.  As a consequence, competitors were able to use them during the meet if they wished.
Teresita Luna
Mirtha María Teresita Luna (born 19 February 1964) is an Argentine politician. Formerly a member of the Justicialist Party, she served as Vice Governor of La Rioja Province from 2007 to 2011, and later as a National Senator for La Rioja from 2011 to 2017. In 2019, she left the Justicialist Party and became part of the Cambiemos coalition.

Since 2021, she has been a member of the provincial legislature of La Rioja, a position she previously held from 2005 to 2007.

La Rioja Province, Argentina
La Rioja (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈrjoxa]), officially Province of La Rioja is a province of Argentina located in the west of the country. The landscape of the province consists of a series of arid to semi-arid mountain ranges and agricultural valleys in between. It is in one of these valleys that the capital of the province, the city of La Rioja, lies. Neighboring provinces are, from the north clockwise, Catamarca, Córdoba, San Luis and San Juan. The Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaur Riojasaurus is named after the province.
Lindheimer House
The Lindheimer House is located in the city of New Braunfels, county of  Comal, in the U.S. state of Texas.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Comal County, Texas  in 1970, and designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1936. The house is currently owned and run as a museum by the New Braunfels Conservation Society.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Comal County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Comal County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Comal County, Texas. There are four districts and 27 individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is located within a National Natural Landmark. Ten individually listed properties comprise 11 Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also designated a State Antiquities Landmark. Two districts contain several more Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted January 23, 2026.
Sam Giguère
Samuel Giguère (born July 11, 1985) is a Canadian football wide receiver and bobsledder. He was drafted by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats eighth overall in the 2008 CFL draft and signed by the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League as an undrafted free agent in 2008. He played CIS football at Sherbrooke. He has also been a member of the New York Giants (NFL) and Montreal Alouettes (CFL) and participated for the Canadian National Bobsleigh team as a brakeman.

Sherbrooke Vert et Or
The Sherbrooke Vert & Or (French: Vert-et-Or de Sherbrooke; "Sherbrooke Green & Gold") is the athletic teams that represent the Université de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The team plays in Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (French for "Quebec Student Sports Network").