hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
I. Bernard Cohen
I. Bernard Cohen (1 March 1914 – 20 June 2003) was an American historian of science. He taught at Harvard University for 60 years, 1942–2002, becoming the first chair of its Department of the History of Science when it was established in 1966. He mentored notable students including George Basalla, Lorraine Daston, Joan L. Richards and Allen G. Debus. He was the author of many books on the history of science and, in particular, on Isaac Newton, Benjamin Franklin, and Howard H. Aiken. He made a full English translation of Newton's Principia Mathematica and was the second chief editor of the history of science journal Isis.

Howard H. Aiken
Howard Hathaway Aiken (March 8, 1900 – March 14, 1973) was an American physicist and a pioneer in computing. He was the original conceptual designer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I, the United States' first programmable computer.
Javonte Cooke
Javonte Cooke (born July 11, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), on a two-way contract with the Rip City Remix of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the Mars Hill Lions and the Winston-Salem State Rams.

Mars Hill Lions
The Mars Hill Lions are the athletic teams that represent Mars Hill University, located in Mars Hill, North Carolina, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports.

The Lions are full members of  the South Atlantic Conference, home to 18 of its 21 athletics programs. The men's and women's swimming programs are members of the single-sport Appalachian Swimming Conference, and the acrobatics and tumbling team is an associate member of Conference Carolinas.

Mars Hill have been members of the SAC since its founding in 1975.
Clara Thompson
Clara Mabel Thompson (October 3, 1893 in Providence, Rhode Island – December 20, 1958 in New York City) was a prominent psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and co-founder of the William Alanson White Institute. She published articles and books about psychoanalysis as a whole and specifically about the psychology of women.

Erich Fromm
Erich Seligmann Fromm (/frɒm/; German: [fʁɔm]; March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was a German Jew who fled the Nazi regime and settled in the United States. He was one of the founders of The William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology in New York City and was associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.
Aleksandr Shadrin
Aleksandr Shadrin (Russian: Александр Шадрин; 4 September 1988 – 21 June 2014) was an Uzbekistani professional footballer who played as a striker for Lokomotiv Tashkent and the Uzbekistan national team.

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Ak bugdaý District
38°30′N 59°0′E﻿ / ﻿38.500°N 59.000°E﻿ / 38.500; 59.000

Ak bugdaý District is a district of Ahal Province in Turkmenistan. It was founded in April 1977 as Gäwers District, with its center on the urban-type settlement of Anau. Abolished in August 1988, it was restored in 1992 as part of Ahal, where it was later renamed Ak bugday ("white wheat").

Anau, Turkmenistan
Anau (Turkmen: Änew, Russian: Аннау, romanized: Annau) is a city in Turkmenistan. Until 20 December 2022, it was the capital of Ahal Province. The area has been inhabited since around 5500 BC. Prehistoric sites in Anau were discovered in excavations were conducted by Raphael Pumpelly and William Morris Davis in 1904. In 2022, it had a population of 28,653 people.
2017 Honduran Supercup
The 2017 Honduran Supercup was a match arranged by the Honduran Liga Nacional and the Honduran Cup which took place on 2 August 2017 between C.D. Marathón, winners of the 2017 Honduran Cup and F.C. Motagua, overall winners of the 2016–17 Liga Nacional season.  This was the first official edition of the Honduran Supercup and the 5th overall.

2016–17 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 2016–17 Honduran Liga Nacional season was the 51st Honduran Liga Nacional edition since its establishment in 1965.  For this season, the system format stayed the same as the previous season.  The tournament began in July 2016 and ended in May 2017.
Samathur
Samathur  is a panchayat town in Anaimalai taluk of Coimbatore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located in the north-western part of the state, it is one of the 33 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 20 km2 (7.7 sq mi), it had a population of 5,762 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Quinten Lynch
Quinten Peter Lynch (born 24 January 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Collingwood Football Club and the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Grass Patch, a rural farming community near Esperance, Western Australia, he played for the West Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) before being recruited to West Coast with the 19th pick overall in the 2002 Rookie Draft.

A utility player, Lynch began his career as a defender, but later switched to the forward line, leading West Coast's goalkicking in 2006 and 2007 as well as playing in the club's 2006 premiership side. He also finished second in the club's best and fairest award in 2008. Lynch quit West Coast at the end of the 2012 season, moving to Collingwood under newly implemented free agency rules. Overall, he played 209 games for West Coast.

2006 AFL Grand Final
The 2006 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Sydney Swans and West Coast Eagles, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 30 September 2006. It was the 110th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2006 AFL season. The match, attended by 97,431 spectators, was won by West Coast by a thrilling one point, earning the club its third premiership.
Antonio López (footballer, born 1997)
Antonio de Jesús López Amenábar (born 10 April 1997), commonly known as Chucho, is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga Bantrab club Xelajú. Born in Mexico, he plays for the Guatemala national team.

Liga Bantrab
The Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala, officially known as the Liga Bantrab for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Guatemala and the highest level of the Guatemalan football league system. It is controlled by the Federación Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala and contested by 12 teams.
Khalid bin Salman Al Saud
Prince Khalid bin Salman Al Saud (Arabic: خالد بن سلمان آل سعود‎ Khālid bin Salmān Āl Suʿūd; born 1988) is a Saudi Arabian diplomat and politician who serves as the Saudi Arabian Minister of Defense. He was appointed Defense Minister on 27 September 2022. He is a grandson of the founder of Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz, the tenth child and ninth son of King Salman, and a younger brother of Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman.

Ministry of Defense (Saudi Arabia)
The Ministry of Defense (Arabic: وزارة الدفاع) is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia responsible for protecting the country’s national security and sovereignty against external threats. It oversees the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces and all of their service branches.
Christoph Johann von Medem
Count Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem (Jeannot Medem; 1763–1838) was a nobleman from Courland and courtier in the courts of Prussian kings Frederick the Great, Frederick William II and Emperor of Russia Paul I. His sisters were poet Elisa von der Recke and last Duchess of Courland, Dorothea von Medem.

Frederick William II of Prussia
Frederick William II (German: Friedrich Wilhelm II.; 25 September 1744 – 16 November 1797) was King of Prussia from 1786 until his death in 1797. He was also Prince-elector of Brandenburg and Prince of Neuchâtel.

As a defensive reaction to the French Revolution, Frederick William II ended the German Dualism between Prussia and Austria. Domestically, he turned away from the enlightened style of government of his predecessor and introduced a tightened system of censorship and religious control. The king was an important patron of the arts especially in the field of music. As a skilled cellist he enjoyed the dedication of various cell centric compositions by composers Mozart, Haydn, Boccherini, and Beethoven. He was also responsible for some of the most notable architecture in Prussia, including the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, the Marble Palace, and Orangery in the New Garden, Potsdam.
Tsigie Gebreselama
Tsigie Gebreselama (born 30 September 2000) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. She won the silver medal in the women's race at the 2023 World Cross Country Championships and bronze for the junior women's race at the 2019 World Cross Country Championships. In 2019, she also won the 15 km road race at the Istanbul Marathon.

2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships were hosted in the city of Aarhus in Denmark. It was the 43rd edition of the championships and was held on 30 March 2019.

A part of the course was run on the grounds and grass roof of the Moesgaard Museum. The race was held in challenging conditions, due to the very muddy course and steep hills. The senior men's race was won by Ugandan Joshua Cheptegei, while the senior women's race was won by Kenyan Hellen Obiri.
Passante Ferroviario di Napoli
The Passante Ferroviario di Napoli (also called Villa Literno–Napoli Gianturco railway) is a 16 km-long double track transit line which connects the line to Rome via Formia with the line to Salerno near Napoli Gianturco station through Naples and its north-western suburbs. 
This line is used by the suburban trains named as line 2.

"Passante" is the Italian word for "passing" and is used to describe a railway built through a major city, connecting suburban lines. This is modelled on S-Bahn underground junctions built in West Germany in the 1970s.

Napoli Gianturco railway station
Napoli Gianturco (Italian: Stazione di Napoli Gianturco) is a railway station in Naples, Italy.

It is served by the metropolitan railway service numbered as Line 2. It takes its name from Via Gianturco, in the city's industrial area.

From here, the trains passing through the railway link (now only underground line 2) could reach the lines for Cassino and Salerno. The few metropolitan trains in daily regional service (three every day) for Caserta use the line for Cassino, while those for Salerno use the line for Salerno.

The station was activated on May 12, 1927, as a simple stop, and was originally called "Via Gianturco." An earlier proposal would have named the station "Pasconcello."

The station has two platforms and four tracks.
Mohit Sharma (soldier)
Major Mohit Sharma AC SM (13 January 1978 – 21 March 2009) was an Indian Army Officer who was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra, India's highest peace-time military decoration. Sharma was from the elite 1st Para SF.

On 21 March 2009, he engaged in an encounter with militants in the Hafruda forest of the Kupwara sector of Jammu and Kashmir. He killed four militants and rescued two teammates in the process, but got shot multiple times. For this act, he was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra, which is the highest peace time military decoration in India. He was awarded two gallantry decorations earlier in his career. The first was the COAS Commendation card for exemplary counter-militancy duties during Operation Rakshak, which was followed by a Sena Medal for gallantry after a covert operation in 2005.

In 2019, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation renamed the Rajendra Nagar metro station in Ghaziabad as Major Mohit Sharma Rajendra Nagar metro station.

Sena Medal
The Sena Medal (lit. 'Army Medal') is awarded to members of the Indian army, of all ranks, "for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army." Awards may be made posthumously and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Sena Medal.

It can be awarded for gallantry or it can also be for distinguished service carried out by any soldier, not in the face of the enemy. Therefore, the Sena Medal also serves as a sort of general commendation medal for the Indian Army. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 250 for recipients of the award when it is awarded for bravery. It has since been revised to Rs. 2000. It is preceded by the Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra & Yudh Seva Medal.
John Zimmerman (figure skater)
John Luther Zimmerman IV (born November 26, 1973) is an American professional pair skater and coach. With skating partner Kyoko Ina, he is the 2002 World bronze medalist and a three-time U.S. national champion. They also competed at the 2002 Olympics. Zimmerman was suspended by the United States Center for SafeSport in March 2021 for a two-year period.

2002 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the M-Wave Arena in Nagano, Japan from March 16 to 24, sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Ternary search tree
In computer science, a ternary search tree is a type of trie (sometimes called a prefix tree) where nodes are arranged in a manner similar to a binary search tree, but with up to three children rather than the binary tree's limit of two. Like other prefix trees, a ternary search tree can be used as an associative map structure with the ability for incremental string search. However, ternary search trees are more space efficient compared to standard prefix trees, at the cost of speed. Common applications for ternary search trees include spell-checking and auto-completion.

Spell checker
In software, a spell checker (or spelling checker or spell check) is a software feature that checks for misspellings in a text. Spell-checking features are often embedded in software or services, such as a word processor, email client, electronic dictionary, or search engine.
North Shore Football Club (GFL)
North Shore Football Club Inc, nicknamed the Seagulls, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the suburb town of North Shore, Victoria.

The club teams currently compete in the Geelong Football Netball League, the premier league in Geelong.

Geelong Football Netball League
The Geelong Football Netball League is an Australian rules football and netball league in Victoria, Australia. It is widely regarded as the highest-standard Australian rules football league in regional Victoria, with several former AFL players now playing for a variety of clubs.
Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic
Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Numerous television channels are available. Tricom, S.A, WIND Telecom, S.A., Viva (network operator), and Claro Codetel provide television services digitally, with channels from Latin America and elsewhere in the world. There are extensive mobile phone and land-line services. Internet access is available as Cable Internet, ADSL, WiMAX, EDGE, EV-DO and UMTS/HSDPA in most parts of the country. Projects to extend Wi-Fi (wireless internet) hot spots have been undertaken in Santo Domingo. Since 2015 the country has been actively extending its fiber optics network, to provide faster and more reliable internet to business and private users.

The Instituto Dominicano De Telecomunicaciones (INDOTEL) regulates and supervises the development of the country's telecommunications market.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.
Star Thrust Experiment
The Star Thrust Experiment (STX) was a plasma physics experiment at the University of Washington's Redmond Plasma Physics Laboratory which ran from 1999 to 2001. The experiment studied magnetic plasma confinement to support controlled nuclear fusion experiments. Specifically, STX pioneered the possibility of forming a Field-reversed configuration (FRC) by using a Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF).

Field-reversed configuration
A field-reversed configuration (FRC) is a type of plasma device studied as a means of producing nuclear fusion. It confines a plasma on closed magnetic field lines without a central penetration. In an FRC, the plasma has the form of a self-stable torus, similar to a smoke ring.

FRCs are closely related to another self-stable magnetic confinement fusion device, the spheromak. Both are considered part of the compact toroid class of fusion devices. FRCs normally have a plasma that is more elongated than spheromaks, having the overall shape of a hollowed out sausage rather than the roughly spherical spheromak.

FRCs were a major area of research in the 1960s and into the 1970s, but had problems scaling up into practical fusion triple products (target combinations of density, temperature and confinement time). Interest returned in the 1990s and as of 2019, FRCs were an active research area.
Óscar R. Benavides
Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea (March 15, 1876 – July 2, 1945) was a Peruvian field marshal, diplomat, and politician who served as the 38th (1914–1915, by coup d'état) and 42nd (1933–1939) President of Peru, with his latter term being a period of authoritarianism.

In 1911, he commanded Peruvian forces in the Battle of La Pedrera against Colombia where Peru was victorious. Later, during his second presidency, he annulled the 1936 Peruvian general election, where his favored candidate Jorge Prado y Ugarteche appeared to be losing, and subsequently stayed on as president.

Jorge Basadre
Jorge Alfredo Basadre Grohmann (12 February 1903 – 29 June 1980) was a Peruvian historian known for his extensive publications about the independent history of his country. He served during two different administrations as Minister of Education and was also director of the Peruvian National Library.
Hardcore Heaven (1995)
Hardcore Heaven (1995) was the second Hardcore Heaven professional wrestling event that took place on July 1, 1995, in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Eight professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. In the main event, The Gangstas made their in-ring ECW debut against The Public Enemy. The event marked the final appearance of Shane Douglas in ECW as he departed the promotion to join World Wrestling Federation and also marked the debut of The Dudley Brothers, a stable that would ultimately evolve into the tag team The Dudley Boyz.

Excerpts from Hardcore Heaven aired on episodes #115 and #116 of the syndicated television show ECW Hardcore TV on July 4 and 11, 1995, while the full event was released on VHS. The bout between Cactus Jack and Shane Douglas was featured on the 2001 Pioneer Entertainment compilation DVD Hardcore History.

ECW Hardcore TV
ECW Hardcore TV is an American professional wrestling television program that was produced by the Philadelphia based promotion Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) composed of footage from live shows and recorded interviews. It ran in syndication from April 6, 1993 to December 31, 2000.

Even after ECW gained a nationally-available television program on The Nashville Network (TNN), Hardcore TV was considered ECW's flagship program. The rights to the show now belong to the WWE. The show was voted as Best Weekly Television Show in the 1994, 1995 and 1996 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards.
Kepler-62d
Kepler-62d (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-701.01) is the third innermost and the largest exoplanet discovered orbiting the star Kepler-62, with a size roughly twice the diameter of Earth. It was found using the transit method, in which the dimming that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Its stellar flux is 15 ± 2 times Earth's. Due to its closer orbit to its star, it is a super-Venus or, if it has a volatile composition, a hot Neptune, with an estimated equilibrium temperature of 510 K (237 °C; 458 °F), too hot to sustain life on its surface.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
Battle of Wanjialing
The Battle of Wanjialing, known in Chinese text as the Victory of Wanjialing (traditional Chinese: 萬家嶺大捷; simplified Chinese: 万家岭大捷; pinyin: Wànjiālǐng Dàjié), refers to the National Revolutionary Army's successful engagement during the Wuhan theatre of the Second Sino-Japanese War against the Japanese 101st, 106th, 9th and 27th divisions around the Wanjialing region in 1938. The two and a half month battle resulted in heavy losses of the Japanese 101st and 106th Divisions.

27th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 27th Division (第27師団, Dai-nijūnana Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call-sign was the Decisive Division (極団, Kiwame-dan). It was formed in China as the triangular division from the independent mixed brigade and other units 21 June 1938