hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shahar, Israel
Shahar (Hebrew: שַׁחַר, lit. "Dawn") is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located about three kilometres west of Kiryat Gat and one kilometre east of Nir Hen, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 812.

Nir Hen
Nir Hen (Hebrew: נִיר חֵ"ן, lit. Meadow of the 58 (ח"ן is 58 in Gematria)) is a moshav in south-central Israel. Located in Hevel Lakhish between Ashkelon and Kiryat Gat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 575.
Michael J. Welsh (biologist)
Michael James Welsh is an American pulmonologist. He is the current Roy J. Carver Chair in Biomedical Research, the Professor of Internal Medicine in Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine at the Department of Internal Medicine, and the Director of Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa. He is also a professor at the Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics. He received the 2022 Shaw Prize in Life science and Medicine, together with Paul A. Negulescu, for their work that uncovered the physiological defects in cystic fibrosis and developed effective medications. He also received the 2025 Lasker Award.

Pulmonology
Pulmonology (/ˌpʌlməˈnɒlədʒi/, /ˌpʊlməˈnɒlədʒi/, from Latin pulmō, -ōnis "lung" and the Greek suffix -λογία -logía "study of"), pneumology (/nʊˈmɒlədʒi, njʊ-/, built on Greek πνεύμων pneúmōn "lung") or pneumonology (/nʊmənˈɒlədʒi, njʊ-/) is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. It is also known as respirology, respiratory medicine, or chest medicine in some countries and areas.

Pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need life support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.

Pulmonology/respirology departments work especially closely with certain other specialties: cardiothoracic surgery departments and cardiology departments.
Bukit Jambul
Bukit Jambul is a suburb of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located 9.9 km (6.2 mi) south of the city centre, Bukit Jambul located between Relau, Bayan Baru, Sungai Dua and Sungai Nibong.

Central George Town, Penang
Central George Town is the city centre of George Town, the capital of the Malaysian state of Penang. It corresponds to the eponymous subdivision of George Town, which is mostly identical to the original city limits established when George Town was granted city status in 1957.

Encompassing 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) of the northeastern promontory of Penang Island, the city centre stretches from Gurney Drive in the northwest to The Light Waterfront development in the southeast, encompassing the Central Business District and the 260 ha (2.6 km2) UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also home to the seats of the executive and legislative branches of the Penang state government.
2010 Tennessee floods
The 2010 Tennessee floods were floods in Middle Tennessee, West Tennessee, south-central and western Kentucky and northern Mississippi areas of the United States of America as the result of torrential rains on May 1 and 2, 2010. Floods from these rains affected the area for several days afterwards, resulting in a number of deaths and widespread property damage.

Two-day rain totals in some areas were greater than 19 inches (480 mm). The Cumberland River crested at 51.86 feet (15.81 m) in Nashville, a level not seen since 1937, which was before the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers flood control measures were in place. All-time record crests were observed on the Cumberland River at Clarksville, the Duck River at Centerville and  Hurricane Mills, the Buffalo River at Lobelville, the Harpeth River at Kingston Springs and Bellevue, and the Red River at Port Royal.

Centerville, Tennessee
Centerville is a town in Hickman County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,489 as of the 2020 Census. It is the county seat and the only incorporated town in Hickman County. It is best known for being the hometown of American comedian Minnie Pearl.
1940–41 Substitute Gold Cup
The 1940–41 Substitute Gold Cup was the first edition of the Substitute Gold Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football. It replaced the Gold Cup, which was suspended due to World War II.

The tournament was won by Belfast Celtic for the 1st time.

Gold Cup (Northern Ireland)
The Gold Cup is a defunct cup competition which involved competitors from Ireland and, from 1921 onwards, just for Northern Ireland. It was initially run by the New Irish Football Association but later, and mainly, by the Irish Football Association.

The competition was first played in the 1911–12 season after seven of the eight participating clubs left the IFA (only Linfield remained) after a dispute over money and founded the New IFA. This new organisation introduced the cup as the "New Irish Cup". At the end of the season after many discussions, the dissident clubs returned to the IFA and the tournament was not held in 1912-13. However, it was revived by the IFA as the Gold Cup in 1913–14 season. In the seasons 1915–16 to 1918–19 season it was played in a league format. This involved a play-off between the two teams topping the table in the first of these seasons. The competition was last staged in 2000-01.
H type Adelaide tram
The H type Adelaide tram, popularly known as Glenelg tram or Bay tram, was a class of 30 trams built by A. Pengelley & Co, Adelaide in 1929 for use on the newly converted Glenelg tram line. They remained in regular revenue service for 77 years before being replaced by Bombardier Flexity Classic trams in 2006.

A. Pengelley & Co
A. Pengelley & Co was a manufacturer of furniture, horse-drawn vehicles, motor car bodies and tram and railway rolling stock bodies  in Adelaide, South Australia. The company had a 3-acre (1.2-hectare) factory on South Road, Edwardstown.

On 25 December 1913, much of the factory was destroyed by fire, except for the railway carriage and tram construction facilities.

In 1954, the premises were purchased and occupied by the Hills Hoists company to manufacture rotary clothes lines.
Gwendoline Konie
Gwendoline Noreen Chomba Konie (9 October 1938 – 14 March 2009) was a Zambian poet, diplomat and politician. She was the Zambian ambassador to Scandinavia, the United Nations and Germany. She formed her own party in 2000 and stood as a candidate to be the President of Zambia in 2001. When she died she was given a state funeral.

State funeral
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a national day of mourning after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets.
Stories (Avicii album)
Stories is the second studio album by Swedish electronic music producer Avicii, released on 2 October 2015 by PRMD Music and Island Records. It was produced by Avicii along with Salem Al Fakir, Alex Ebert, Carl Falk, Kristoffer Fogelmark, Martin Garrix, Dhani Lennevald, Ash Pournouri, Albin Nedler, and Vincent Pontare on several tracks. It is the final album to be released during his lifetime, until his death in 2018, and was followed by his third and final album, Tim, which was released posthumously in June 2019.

Stories was released to mixed to positive reviews from critics. Four singles were released from the album: "Waiting for Love", "Pure Grinding", "For a Better Day", and "Broken Arrows", along with the promotional singles "Ten More Days" and "Gonna Love Ya". Stories has sold one million copies worldwide as of November 2015, and was the fourth most-streamed album of the year worldwide on Spotify.

Salem Al Fakir
Lars Salem Al Fakir (Arabic: لارس سليم الفقير; born 27 October 1981) is a Swedish musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He regularly collaborates with Vincent Pontare as the songwriting and production duo Vargas and Lagola. Together, they have worked with many artists, including Avicii, Axwell & Ingrosso, Madonna, Seinabo Sey, Lady Gaga and the Swedish band Ghost. In addition to his songwriting and production work, he releases alternative pop music as Vargas & Lagola.
Sonny Boy (1989 film)
Sonny Boy (Italian: Il dono del silenzio) is a 1989 black comedy-drama thriller film directed by Robert Martin Carroll. The musical score was composed by Carlo Maria Cordio. It stars Paul L. Smith, David Carradine, Brad Dourif, Conrad Janis, Sydney Lassick, Alexandra Powers, and Steve Carlisle. David Carradine wrote the film's theme song, "Paint", which he performs in the film.

Conrad Janis
Conrad Janis (February 11, 1928 – March 1, 2022) was an American jazz trombonist and actor who starred in film and television during the Golden Age Era in the 1950s and 1960s, and continued acting right up until 2012. He played the role of Mindy McConnell's father Frederick in 53 episodes of Mork & Mindy, and appeared in many guest-starring roles on several notable television shows throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, such as the sitcoms Maude, The Golden Girls, and Frasier.
Electrochemical kinetics
Electrochemical kinetics is the field of electrochemistry that studies the rate of electrochemical processes. This includes the study of how process conditions, such as concentration and electric potential, influence the rate of oxidation and reduction (redox) reactions that occur at the surface of an electrode, as well as an investigation into electrochemical reaction mechanisms. Two accompanying processes are involved in the electrochemical reaction and influence the overall reaction rate:

electron transfer at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte

transport of the redox species from the interior of the solution to the surface of the electrode; the transport can occur by diffusion, convection and migration.

Contributors to this field include Alexander Frumkin, John Alfred Valentine Butler, Max Volmer, and Julius Tafel.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Fredrik Ståhlberg
Major General Nils Fredrik Adam Ståhlberg (born 24 August 1966) is a Swedish Army officer. Since April 2025, Ståhlberg serves as head of the Swedish delegation to the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) in Korea. Prior to that, Ståhlberg served as commanding officer of the Western Military Region (2013–2017), as Chief of the Land Component Command (2017–2018), as Deputy Chief of Army (2017–2020), as Deputy Vice Chancellor of the Swedish Defence University (2020–2022), as Deputy Director of Human Resources (2021), and as Deputy Chief of Joint Operations (2023–2025).

Chief of Joint Operations (Sweden)
The Chief of Joint Operations (CJO) (Swedish: chefen för operationsledningen, C OPL) is a three-star role within the Swedish Armed Forces, responsible the Joint Forces Command (JFC). The Chief of Joint Operations is subordinate to the Chief of Defence and is responsible, among other duties, for operations to defend Sweden against armed attacks, as well as for operations to uphold Sweden's territorial integrity and protect Swedish interests.
Matthew 3:9
Matthew 3:9 is the ninth verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. The verse describes an incident where John the Baptist berates the Pharisees and Sadducees. He has previously called them a brood of vipers and warned them of the wrath to come and has urged them to repent. In this verse he warns that their links to Abraham will not save them.

Sadducees
The Sadducees (/ˈsædjəsiːz/; Hebrew: צְדוּקִים, romanized: Ṣəḏūqīm, lit. 'Zadokites') were a sect of Jews active in Judea during the Second Temple period, from the second century BCE to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The Sadducees are described in contemporary literary sources in contrast to the two other major sects at the time, the Pharisees and the Essenes.

Josephus, writing at the end of the 1st century CE, associates the sect with the upper echelons of Judean society. As a whole, they fulfilled various political, social, and religious roles, including maintaining the Temple in Jerusalem. The group became extinct sometime after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
Yu Yonghong
Yu Yonghong (Chinese: 余永洪; pinyin: Yú Yónghóng; born May 1963) is a lieutenant general (zhongjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He has been Secretary of People's Liberation Army Ground Force Commission for Discipline Inspection since April 2019, and formerly served as Political Commissar of the 79th Group Army.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi (Arabic: أحمد بن إدريس الفاسي) (1760–1837) was a Moroccan Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist and Sufi, active in Morocco, the Hejaz, Egypt, and Yemen. His main concern was the revivification of the Sunnah or practice of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and purifying Islam by erasing Bid'ah and Shirk. His followers founded a number of Sufi paths which spread his teachings across the Muslim world.

Bid'ah
In Islam and sharia (Islamic law), bidʿah (Arabic: بدعة [ˈbɪdʕæ], lit. 'innovation') refers to innovation in religious matters. The category is further divided into bid'ah al-ibadat and bi'da al-mu'amalat. The first category refers to innovations in sacred matters, such as worship, and are generally forbidden as it violates the textual source of the Quran and the Sunnah. The second refers to innovations in the mundane realm and is often permissible, as long as it does not violate the Sharia.

Linguistically, as an Arabic word, the term can be defined more broadly, as "innovation, novelty, heretical doctrine, heresy". In classical Arabic literature outside of religion, bidʻah has been used as a form of praise for outstanding compositions of prose and poetry. The alternative positive concept for bidah is maslaha.
Ahmadou Tidjani
Ahmadou Tidjani is a Cameroonian politician and civil administrator known for his career in territorial administration and his role as a senator. Originating from the Adamawa Region of Cameroon, he served in multiple prefect and governor roles before retiring in 2010. Since then, he has been active in the Senate representing the Adamaoua region and serves as a member of the Constitutional Council of Cameroon.

Adamawa Region
The Adamawa Region (French: Région de l'Adamaoua) is a constituent region of the Republic of Cameroon. It borders the Centre and East regions to the south, the Northwest and West regions to the southwest, Nigeria to the west, the Central African Republic (CAR) to the east, and the North Region to the north.

This mountainous area forms the barrier between Cameroon's forested south and savanna north. At almost 64,000 km2 in land area, the Adamawa is the third largest of Cameroon's ten regions. The land is rugged and sparsely populated, however, as most is devoted to the rearing of cattle. The Muslim Fulbe (Fulani) form the major ethnic group, though Tikar, Gbaya, and other peoples are present in lesser numbers.
Aubrey Beauclerk (cricketer)
Aubrey Frederick James Beauclerk (3 May 1817 – 3 January 1853) was an English cricketer active in 1837, playing in two first-class cricket matches.

The son of Lord Frederick Beauclerk and Charlotte Dillon-Lee, Beauclerk attended Charterhouse School from 1826, and he later made two appearances in first-class cricket in 1837. His first appearance came for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University, while his second appearance came for The Bs against the Marylebone Cricket Club. He scored a total of 13 runs in his two matches, with a top score of 7. Outside of cricket he was also a captain in the British Army, serving in the Guards and 7th Foot. He died, unmarried, at Swindon, Wiltshire, on 3 January 1853.

His father, brother Charles, and cousin Lord Burford were all first-class cricketers.

William Beauclerk, 9th Duke of St Albans
William Aubrey de Vere Beauclerk, 9th Duke of St Albans (24 March 1801 – 27 May 1849), styled the Hon. William Beauclerk before 1815 then Earl of Burford until 1825, was a 19th-century English cricketer and member of the House of Lords.
Will Carling
William David Charles Carling (born 12 December 1965) is an English former rugby union player. He was England's youngest captain, aged 22, and won 72 caps from 1988 to 1996, captaining England 59 times. Under his captaincy, England won Five Nations Grand Slams in 1991, 1992 and 1995, and reached the 1991 World Cup final.

He played for Rosslyn Park and Harlequins at club level. In the 1992 New Year Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

Since retiring, Carling has pursued interests including corporate speaking and punditry. In 2018 he joined the England coaching staff of Eddie Jones as a leadership mentor.

Kevin Simms
Kevin Gerard Simms (born  (1964-12-25) 25 December 1964) is an English former rugby union footballer; he gained 15 caps for England as a centre between 1985 and 1988.  He played in the 1987 Rugby World Cup.  He played club rugby for Liverpool St Helens and Wasps.  During his career he captained the North of England against South Africa at Elland Road and the All Blacks at Anfield. He is now a GP in Liverpool.

Kevin Simms is the son of the rugby league (scrum cap-wearing) wing who played in the 1950s and 1960s for Lancashire, St. Helens (A-Team), Rochdale Hornets, Combined Odham/Rochdale Hornets (against New Zealand during the 1961 New Zealand rugby league tour of Great Britain and France) and Oldham; Trevor Simms (born  (1940-05-27) 27 May 1940).
Los muertos (film)
Los Muertos (Spanish: Los Muertos) is a 2004 Argentine drama film directed by Lisandro Alonso. It follows a released prisoner (Vargas) who, convicted of murder years ago, looks for his now adult daughter. Vargas' journey is slow and contemplative though Alonso refuses to externalize his psychology, making much of the film's events open-ended and impressionistic.

The film is considered part of Alonso's "Lonely Man Trilogy," which also includes La Libertad and Liverpool.

Liverpool (2008 film)
Liverpool is a 2008 Argentine drama film directed by Lisandro Alonso, co-written with Salvador Roselli, and starring Juan Fernández.

The film had its world premiere at the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2008 Cannes Film Festival, and was theatrically released in Argentina on 30 October 2008.
Monardella hypoleuca
Monardella hypoleuca is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, known by the common names thickleaf monardella and white leaf monardella.

It is endemic to Southern California,  It grows on the coastal hills and slopes of the Peninsular Ranges and Transverse Ranges, in chaparral and oak woodland habitats of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.

Peninsular Ranges
The Peninsular Ranges (also called the Lower California province) are a group of mountain ranges that stretch 930 mi (1,500 km) from Southern California to the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula; they are part of the North American Pacific Coast Ranges, which run along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Mexico. Elevations range from 500 to 10,834 ft (150 to 3,300 m).
120 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 120 Squadron "Kestrel" (also known as the "Red Hawks") is a helicopter squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force based at Sembawang Air Base. First formed in 1969, it is the first and oldest RSAF operational squadron in service. The squadron goes by the motto of "Strive To Achieve". Since 2006, it operates the AH-64D Apache Longbow attack helicopter and has participated in Singapore's National Day Parade together with 127 Squadron CH-47SD Chinook for the traditional National Flag Fly Pass.

127 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force
The 127 Squadron is a helicopter squadron of the Republic of Singapore Air Force. The squadron goes by the motto of "Strength, Courage, Swiftness", the motto is supported by the squadron motif, a white horse in full battle armour.
2016 Super 8s
The 2016 Super 8s were a feature of the British rugby league system, between 2015 and 2018, and were played in the top three professional divisions.

After 23 games the league table is frozen and the teams are split into 5 groups called the Super 8s. The top 8 Super League play each other once more before the top 4 team enter the playoffs for a place in the Super League Grand Final.

The bottom 4 Super League teams and top 4 Championship teams play each other in The Qualifiers for a place in next seasons Super League. The bottom 4 Championship teams play each other once more with the top 4 teams entering the playoffs for the Championship Shield with the bottom 2 teams being relegated to League 1.

The top 8 League 1 sides play each other once more before the top 5 teams enter the playoffs with 2 teams being promoted. The bottom 7 teams play each other for the League 1 Shield

Rugby League Super 8s
The Rugby League Super 8s are a feature of the British rugby league system.  Between 2015 and 2018 they were played in the top three professional divisions. Following the completion of the regular season home-and-away fixtures in the Super League, the Championship and League One, teams split into smaller divisions of eight based on their finishing positions on the league table; the teams then played an additional fixture against each of the seven other teams in their division to determine the final standings.

The Super 8s were scheduled to return from the 2025 season and determine promotion and relegation between the Championship and League One. However, in August 2025 the Rugby Football League decided to merge the Championship and League One from 2026 and the Super 8s were therefore no longer needed.
Christian Hermanson
Christian A. Hermanson is an American politician. Hermanson served for 29 years in the United States Air Force, attaining the rank of chief master sergeant. He began campaigning for District 59 of the Iowa House of Representatives in March 2024, after Sharon Steckman had announced her retirement. Hermanson won the 2024 general election against Jeremy True with 51.1% of the vote.

Sharon Steckman
Sharon Sue Steckman (born 1947 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American politician who was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 2008 to 2025. She has a B.S. degree in education from Iowa State University and a M.S. degree, also in education, from Morningside College.

As of October 2011, Steckman is a member of several committees in the Iowa House – Ranking Chair of Education, State Government, Environmental Protection, and Education Appropriations committees. She is also the ranking member of the Education Committee and a member of the Midwestern Higher Education Compact.  In October 2009, she was elected Assistant House Majority Leader, becoming Assistant House Minority Leader when the Democrats lost their majority in 2011.