hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syntax (logic)
In logic, syntax is an arrangement of well-structured entities in the  formal languages or formal systems that express something. Syntax is concerned with the rules used for constructing or transforming the symbols and words of a language, as contrasted with the semantics of a language, which is concerned with its meaning.

The symbols, formulas, systems, theorems and proofs expressed in formal languages are syntactic entities whose properties may be studied without regard to any meaning they may be given, and, in fact, need not be given any.

Syntax is usually associated with the rules (or grammar) governing the composition of texts in a formal language that constitute the well-formed formulas of a formal system.

In computer science, the term syntax refers to the rules governing the composition of well-formed expressions in a programming language. As in mathematical logic, it is independent of semantics and interpretation.

Syntax (programming languages)
The syntax of computer source code is code structured and ordered restricted to computer language rules. Like a natural language, a computer language (i.e. a programming language) defines the syntax that is valid for that language. A syntax error occurs when syntactically invalid source code is processed by a tool such as a compiler or interpreter.

The most commonly used languages are text-based with syntax based on strings. Alternatively, the syntax of a visual programming language is based on relationships between graphical elements.

When designing syntax, a designer of any language might start by writing down examples of both legal and illegal strings, before trying to figure out the general rules from those examples in use. Such that its general structure of syntax can be determined through its form of composition, so to yield semantically valid ranges everytime for each possible alteration. Or else, it returns errors, and warnings, for each invalid input.
Mark V. Ziesing
Mark V. Ziesing is an American small press publisher and bookseller, founded by Mark Ziesing (born 1953). Active as a bookseller, from 1972 to present; Ziesing was in publishing, from the mid-1980s into 1998. The Ziesing publishing imprint specialized in science fiction, horror, and other forms of speculative fiction. Originally based in Willimantic, Connecticut and in partnership with his brother Michael (born 1946), he published two books by Gene Wolfe under the name Ziesing Brothers.

He later published books by Philip K. Dick, Stephen King, Harlan Ellison, Howard Waldrop, Bruce Sterling, Joe R. Lansdale, and Lucius Shepard, among others. In 1989 he returned to his home state, to Shingletown, California, where he and his wife Cindy continue to operate a catalog-based book selling business under the name Ziesing Books.

Shingletown, California
Shingletown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. Its population is 2,442, as of the 2020 census.

Shingletown is a town located along California State Route 44 in the hills just below Mount Lassen. Shingletown has a history of logging large timber, including pine, fir and cedar. It is also known as "The Gateway to Lassen".

Shingletown was originally named Shingle Camp, for the workers who cut roofing slats from timber to supply miners during the Gold Rush era.
Nicolas Raskin
Nicolas Raskin (born 23 February 2001) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Rangers and the Belgium national team.

Raskin had spells in the youth academies of Standard Liège and Anderlecht, before joining Gent in 2017. He made his competitive debut for Gent in February 2018, becoming the first player born in the 21st century to play in the Belgian Pro League. He re-joined Standard Liège in January 2019, and signed for Rangers four years later.

Raskin earned more than 50 caps for Belgium's youth national teams. He represented the country from under-15 to under-21 level, before making his senior debut in 2025.

Belgium national under-21 football team
The Belgium national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Belgium and is controlled by the Belgian Football Association. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, held every two years. Their biggest successes were winning the 2007–09 International Challenge Trophy and reaching the European Championship semi-finals in 2007 in the Netherlands. Thanks to the latter achievement, Belgium qualified for the football tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Their current home stadium is Den Dreef in Leuven.
Ohio State Route 140
State Route 140 (SR 140) is an east–west state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.  The highway has its western terminus in Portsmouth at a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 52.  Its eastern terminus is at State Route 93 approximately 2.75 miles (4.43 km) south of Oak Hill.

State Route 140 first appeared in the mid-1920s.  The two-lane highway passes through three counties along its path: Scioto, Lawrence and Jackson.  It begins at an interchange with U.S. Route 52 and, immediately following the interchange, leaves the Portsmouth corporation limits and heads east.  The route makes a quick hilly climb upward and downward to the former Teays River Valley near Slocum; it then traverses primarily wooded areas as it passes through Ashley Corner, Scioto Furnace, South Webster, and Eifort.  It retains the forested area up until its eastern terminus.  For most of its alignment, State Route 140 parallels an abandoned Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line.

Jackson County, Ohio
Jackson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 32,653. Its county seat is Jackson. The county is named for Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 who was subsequently elected President of the United States. It is known as "The Little Wales of Ohio".
Ric Converse
Richard "Ric" Converse (born December 26, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is one of the top "heels" on the Southeastern independent circuit, especially in the Carolinas, and currently competes for CWF Mid-Atlantic where he is a record 6-time CWF Mid-Atlantic Champion. He has wrestled for a considerable number of other independent wrestling promotions, most notably, Count Grog's Southern Championship Wrestling, NWA Carolinas, and Pro Wrestling ZERO1-MAX. He was also a star in the short-lived AWA Superstars promotion holding both the promotion's world heavyweight title and tag team title (with Xsiris) during 2006 and 2007.

WSL World Heavyweight Championship
The WSL World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world championship in the Wrestling Superstars Live promotion. It was originally known as the AWA Superstars of Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship.
Sagopshi
Sagopshi (Ingush: Соагӏапче, romanized: Soaghapče; Russian: Сагопши) is a rural locality (a selo) in Malgobeksky District of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. Population: 10,048 (2010 census); 10,738 (2002 census).

Malgobeksky District
Malgobeksky District (Russian: Малгобе́кский райо́н; Ingush: Магӏалбика шахьар, Maghalbika šaꜧar) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the four in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is 670 square kilometers (260 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Malgobek (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 47,754.
Western Engineer
The paddle steamer Western Engineer was the first steamboat on the Missouri River. It was purpose built after a design by Major Stephen Harriman Long by the  Allegheny Arsenal in Pittsburgh, for the scientific party of the Yellowstone expedition which Major Long commanded. The paddle wheel was placed in the stern, the steam engine was hidden below the waterline, the vessel was heavily armed, and it was given a peculiar appearance intended to inspire fear and awe among the Plains Indians. Her first voyage took her from Pittsburgh to Saint Louis in 1819. The second voyage took her to Fort Lisa, Nebraska the same year. The third voyage took her back to Saint Louis in the spring of 1820, while the fourth voyage was a charting expedition up the Mississippi to the Des Moines Rapids and down to Cape Girardeau, Missouri. A fifth voyage intended to take her back to Pittsburgh had to be aborted at Smithland, Kentucky due to low water, and she was left there.

Smithland, Kentucky
Smithland is a home rule-class city in Livingston County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Cumberland Rivers. As of the 2020 census, Smithland had a population of 240. It is the county seat of Livingston County.

Smithland is part of the Paducah metropolitan area.
Daniel Pastorelli
Daniel Pastorelli is an Australian politician who has been the member for Landsdale in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party since the March 2025 state election. Prior to that, he worked as a political advisor for state MPs Mark McGowan, Rita Saffioti, and Roger Cook, including as the chief of staff to McGowan and Cook during their times as the premier of Western Australia.

Western Australian Labor Party
The Western Australian Labor Party, officially known as WA Labor, is the Western Australian branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is the current governing party of Western Australia since winning the 2017 state election under Mark McGowan.
JailbreakMe
JailbreakMe is a series of jailbreaks for Apple's iOS mobile operating system that took advantage of flaws in the Safari browser on the device, providing an immediate one-step jailbreak, unlike more common jailbreaks, such as Blackra1n and redsn0w, that require plugging the device into a computer and running the jailbreaking software from the desktop. JailbreakMe included Cydia, a package management interface that serves as an alternative to the App Store. Although it does not support modern devices, the websites remain available for compatible devices.

JailbreakMe's first version in 2007 worked on iPhone and iPod Touch firmware 1.1.1, the second version was released in August 2010 for firmware 4.0.1 and earlier, and the third and final version was released in July 2011 for iOS versions 4.3 to 4.3.3 (and was the first jailbreak for the iPad 2). JailbreakMe 3.0 has been used to jailbreak at least two million devices.

Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software unauthorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to the digital distribution platform for software on iOS accessed through Cydia software. Most of the software packages available through Cydia are free of charge, although some require purchasing.

Cydia is developed by Jay Freeman (named "saurik") and his company, SaurikIT. The name "Cydia" is a reference to the moth genus Cydia, notably the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which eats fruits such as apples and pears.
Tales That Witness Madness
Tales That Witness Madness is a 1973 British anthology horror film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Donald Pleasence, Joan Collins, Kim Novak and Jack Hawkins. It was written by actress Jennifer Jayne (as Jay Fairbank) and produced by Norman Priggen.

The film was one of several in a series of anthology films made during the 1960s and 1970s which included Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1965), Torture Garden (1967), The House That Dripped Blood (1970), Asylum (1972), Tales from the Crypt (1972), The Vault of Horror (1973) and From Beyond the Grave (1974). These portmanteau horror films were all produced by Amicus Productions. Tales That Witness Madness is sometimes mistaken for an Amicus production; however, it was actually produced by World Film Services.

Anthology film
An anthology film (also known as an omnibus film, package film or portmanteau film) is a single film consisting of three or more shorter films, each complete in itself and distinguished from the other, though frequently tied together by a single theme, premise, or author. Sometimes each one is directed by a different director or written by a different author, or may even have been made at different times or in different countries. Anthology films are distinguished from "revue films" such as Paramount on Parade (1930)—which were common in Hollywood in the early decades of sound film, composite films, and compilation films.

Anthology films are often mistaken for hyperlink cinema. Hyperlink cinema shows parts of many stories throughout a film, whereas anthology films show story segments of one at a time. Some mistaken examples include Pulp Fiction (1994) and Amores Perros (2000), distributing their storylines non-chronologically, separated by segments.
Marquess of Sligo
Marquess of Sligo is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1800 for John Browne, 3rd Earl of Altamont. The Marquess holds the subsidiary titles of Baron Mount Eagle, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 10 September 1760),  Viscount Westport, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 24 August 1768), Earl of Altamont, in the County of Mayo (created 4 December 1771), Earl of Clanricarde (created 1800) and Baron Monteagle, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 20 February 1806). All these titles are in the Peerage of Ireland, except the Barony of Monteagle, which is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The latter peerage entitled the Marquesses to a seat in the House of Lords prior to the House of Lords Act 1999. The Earldom of Clanricarde was inherited by the sixth Marquess in 1916 according to a special remainder in the letters patent.

Westport, County Mayo
Westport (Irish: Cathair na Mart, meaning 'the stone fort of the beeves', historically anglicised as Cahernamart) is a town in County Mayo in Ireland. It is at the south-east corner of Clew Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean on the west coast of Ireland. Westport is a tourist destination and scores highly for quality of life. It won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition three times in 2001, 2006 and 2008. In 2012 it won the Best Place to Live in Ireland competition run by The Irish Times.

Westport is designated as a heritage town, and is one of only a few planned towns in Ireland. The town centre was laid-out in the Georgian architectural style, and incorporates the Carrow Beg river into the design composition. This provides for tree lined promenades (known as The Mall) and several stone bridges.

The pilgrimage mountain of Croagh Patrick, known locally as "the Reek", lies some 10 km west of the town near the villages of Murrisk and Lecanvey. The mountain forms the backdrop to the town.
Access Communications
Access Communications Co-operative Limited is a Canadian telecom cooperative based in Regina, Saskatchewan. The cooperative provides internet, cable television, telephone, smart home and security services to residential and business customers in 235 Saskatchewan communities. Its primary wireline competitor is the provincial crown corporation SaskTel; it is one of two cable providers in Saskatchewan, with Rogers Xfinity (formerly Shaw) primarily serving areas such as Moose Jaw, Prince Albert, Saskatoon, and Swift Current.

Home automation
Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems.

The phrase smart home refers to home automation devices that have internet access.  Home automation, a broader category, includes any device that can be monitored or controlled via wireless radio signals, not just those having internet access.  When connected with the Internet, home sensors and activation devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things ("IoT").

A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central smart home hub (sometimes called a "gateway"). The user interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or a Web interface that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet.
Mohd Hasnizan Harun
Mohd Hasnizan bin Harun is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hulu Selangor since November 2022. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) and formerly Gagasan Sejahtera (GS) coalitions.

Hulu Selangor (federal constituency)
Hulu Selangor is a federal constituency in Hulu Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1955.

The federal constituency is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
James Bailey (rugby union)
James Bailey (born 5 August 1983) is an English rugby union player who plays primarily as a wing. He has played for London Wasps, Lyon, Bristol and Gloucester. He now works for the Rugby Players Association.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar
The Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar was the highest association football league in the  German state of Saarland, the Rheinhessen part of the state of Hesse and parts of the Bavarian region of Palatinate and the Prussian Rhine Province from 1923 to 1927, when the league was replaced by the Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar and the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen.

Rhenish Hesse
Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (German: Rheinhessen, pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩]) is a region and a former government district (Regierungsbezirk) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.
Cory Dosdall
Cory Dosdall (born February 1, 1973) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player.

Dosdall played five seasons of major junior hockey in the Western Hockey League with the Regina Pats, Tri-City Americans, and Lethbridge Hurricanes. He began his professional career during the 1995–96 season playing in the Central Hockey League with the Wichita Thunder, where he was named the CHL Rookie of the Year. Dosdall retired from professional hockey following the 1998–99 season.

Central Hockey League
The Central Hockey League (CHL) was a North American mid-level minor professional ice hockey league which operated from 1992 until 2014. It was founded by Ray Miron and Bill Levins and later sold to Global Entertainment Corporation, which operated the league from 2000 to 2013, at which point it was purchased by the individual franchise owners.  As of the end of its final season in 2014, three of the 30 National Hockey League teams had affiliations with the CHL: the Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

Several teams of defunct leagues joined the CHL along its history, including the Southern Hockey League, Western Professional Hockey League and International Hockey League. After two teams suspended operations during the 2014 offseason, the ECHL accepted the remaining seven teams as members in October 2014, meaning the end for the CHL after 22 seasons.
Western ringtail possum
The western ringtail possum or ngwayir (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) is a species of possum found in a small area of Southwest Australia. They are a cat-sized marsupial with a stocky build, dark greyish-brown fur, pale underparts and a long prehensile tail with a whitish tip. Ngwayir forage at night through the upper canopy of trees, feeding on young leaves, flowers and fruit, especially in groves of the weeping peppermint Agonis flexuosa. Breeding occurs mainly during the winter, the single juvenile emerging from the pouch after about three months. The population has declined by more than 95% since British settlement, due to clearing of habitat, fire and the introduction of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, and is classified as Critically Endangered. The population in most areas has catastrophically declined or become locally extinct, but strongholds remain in the urbanised areas near Busselton and Albany.

Agonis flexuosa
Agonis flexuosa, commonly known as peppermint, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia.  The Noongar peoples know the tree as wanil, wonnow, wonong or wannang. It is a tree or shrub with pendulous, very narrowly elliptic, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with 20 to 25 stamens opposite the sepals and broadly top-shaped to broadly cup-shaped capsules.
Depopulation of Muang Phuan
The depopulation of Muang Phuan in 1834 was a forced migration campaign carried out by Siam in the course of their 1833–1834 war with Vietnam, in order to deny the Vietnamese the chance to re-establish control over the Xiangkhoang Plateau.

Xiangkhoang Plateau
The Xiang Khouang Plateau or Siang Khuang Plateau, also known in French as Plateau du Tran-Ninh is a plateau in the north of Laos. The landscape is characterized by green mountains, rugged karst formations and verdant valleys with plenty of rivers, caves and waterfalls.
Abisogun Leigh
Chief Abisogun Leigh OFR is a Nigerian academic and administrator. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University from 2001 to 2005.
He succeeded Fatiu Ademola Akesode, who died before the end of his tenure in March 2001; he was appointed by Bola Tinubu.

In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, he currently holds that of the Onipopo of Popo Aguda in Lagos.

Nigerian Chieftaincy
The Nigerian Chieftaincy is the chieftaincy system that is native to Nigeria. Consisting of everything from the country's monarchs to its titled family elders, the chieftaincy as a whole is one of the oldest continuously existing institutions in Nigeria and is legally recognized by its government.
John Alcock (RAF officer)
Captain Sir John William Alcock KBE DSC (5 November 1892 – 19 December 1919) was a British Royal Navy and later Royal Air Force officer who, with navigator Lieutenant Arthur Whitten Brown, piloted the first non-stop transatlantic flight from St. John's, Newfoundland to Clifden, Ireland in June 1919. He died in a flying accident in France in December later that same year.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.