hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bonin thrush
The Bonin thrush (Zoothera terrestris), also known as Kittlitz's thrush or the Bonin Islands thrush, is an extinct species of Asian thrush. It is sometimes separated as the only species of the genus Cichlopasser. The only place where this bird was found was Chichi-jima in the Ogasawara Islands; it might conceivably have inhabited Anijima and Otōtojima, but this has not been borne out by observations or specimens. The species was only once observed by a naturalist, its discoverer Heinrich von Kittlitz. He encountered the thrush in the coastal woods where it usually kept to the ground; it may have been ground-nesting. The only specimens ever taken are in the Naturalis in Leiden (1), the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna (1), the Senckenbergmuseum in Frankfurt (1) and in the Zoological Museum, St. Petersburg (2).

Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Dutch: Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit Naturalis) is a national museum of natural history and a research center on biodiversity in Leiden, Netherlands. It was named the European Museum of the Year 2021.
Although its current name and organization are relatively recent, the history of Naturalis can be traced back to the early 1800s. Its collection includes approximately 42 million specimens, making it one of the largest natural history collections in the world.
Aaron S. Watkin
Aaron S. Watkin (born 1969 or 1970) is a Canadian ballet company director and former dancer. He became the artistic director of the English National Ballet in 2023.

He began his dance career in 1988 at the National Ballet of Canada, and went on to perform at the English National Ballet, the Dutch National Ballet, the Frankfurt Ballet and the Spanish National Dance Company. Between 2006 and 2023, he served as the artistic director of Dresden Semperoper Ballett.

Dutch National Ballet
The Dutch National Ballet (Dutch: Het Nationale Ballet) is the official and largest ballet company in the Netherlands. Its forerunners were Ballet Der Lage Landen, Ballet of the Nederlandse Opera, Amsterdam Ballet, and Netherlands Ballet (Nederlands Ballet). As of March 2025 the company is directed by Ted Brandsen.
Valerian Maykov
Valerian Nikolayevich Maykov (Russian: Валериа́н Никола́евич Ма́йков; September 9 1823 — July 27, 1847) was a Russian writer and literary critic, son of painter Nikolay Maykov, brother of poet Apollon and novelist Vladimir Maykov. Valerian Maykov, once a Petrashevsky Circle associate, was considered by contemporaries as heir to Vissarion Belinsky's position of Russia's leading critic, and later credited for being arguably the first in Russia to introduce scientific approach to the art of literary criticism.

Vissarion Belinsky
Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky (Russian: Виссарио́н Григо́рьевич Бели́нский; June 11 [O.S. May 30] 1811 – June 7 [O.S. May 26] 1848) was a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency. Belinsky played one of the key roles in the career of poet and publisher Nikolay Nekrasov and his popular magazine Sovremennik. He was the most influential of the Westernizers, especially among the younger generation. He worked primarily as a literary critic, because that area was less heavily censored than political pamphlets. He agreed with Slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. He strongly opposed Slavophiles on the role of Orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy.
Sydney Howard
Sydney Howard (7 August 1884 – 12 June 1946) was an English stage comedian and film actor born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire.

Already a major stage star, Howard made his feature film début in Jack Raymond's Splinters (1929), and went on appearing in unique roles in films such as French Leave, Up for the Cup and The Mayor's Nest. Despite his popularity in the 1920s and 1930s films he appeared in, Howard is almost totally forgotten today. His most revived film is When We Are Married, in which he played a drunken photographer.

In 1937, British exhibitors voted him the 10th most popular British star at the box office.

Jack Raymond
Jack Raymond (1886–1953) was an English actor and film director. Born in Wimborne, Dorset in 1886, he began acting before the First World War in A Detective for a Day. In 1921, he directed his first film and gradually he wound down his acting to concentrate completely on directing - making more than forty films in total before his death in 1953.

He was associated with the Hepworth Studios of Walton on Thames, since his portrait appears on a studio publicity postcard when he was probably in his early twenties.

He had a major success in 1930 with The Great Game, one of the earliest films devoted to football and followed it up with Up for the Cup a year later. He remade Up for the Cup in 1950.
Naneghat
Naneghat, also referred to as Nanaghat or Nana Ghat (IAST: Nānāghaṭ), is a mountain pass in the Western Ghats range between the Konkan coast and the ancient town of Junnar in the Deccan plateau. The pass is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of Pune and about 165 kilometres (103 mi) east from Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was a part of an ancient trading route, and is famous for a major cave with Sanskrit inscriptions in Brahmi script and Middle Indo-Aryan dialect. These inscriptions have been dated between the 2nd and the 1st century BCE, and attributed to the Satavahana dynasty era. The inscriptions are notable for linking the Vedic and Hinduism deities, mentioning some Vedic srauta rituals and of names that provide historical information about the ancient Satavahanas. The inscriptions present the world's oldest numeration symbols for "2, 4, 6, 7, and 9" that resemble modern era numerals, more closely those found in modern Nagari and Hindu-Arabic script.

Śrauta
Śrauta (Sanskrit: श्रौत) is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism. It is an adjective and prefix for texts, ceremonies or person associated with śruti. The term, for example, refers to Brahmins who specialise in the śruti corpus of texts, and Śrauta Brahmin traditions in modern times can be seen in Kerala and Coastal Andhra.
William Chauvenet
William Chauvenet (24 May 1820 in Milford, Pennsylvania – 13 December 1870 in St. Paul, Minnesota) was a professor of mathematics, astronomy, navigation, and surveying who was instrumental in the establishment of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, and later the second chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis.

Milford, Pennsylvania
Milford is a borough that is located in Pike County, Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat. Its population was 1,103 at the time of the 2020 census.

Situated near the upper Delaware River, Milford is part of the New York metropolitan area.
Isaac Solet
Isaac Solet Bomawoko (born 16 June 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or centre-back for Bulgarian First League side CSKA Sofia. Born in France, he plays for the Central African Republic national team.

Central African Republic national football team
The Central African Republic national football team (French: Équipe de République centrafricaine de football), nicknamed Les Fauves, is the national team of the Central African Republic and is controlled by the Central African Football Federation. They are a member of CAF. Despite being traditionally one of the weakest teams in Africa and the world, they have had some success. They won the 2009 CEMAC Cup by beating Gabon in the semi-finals and Equatorial Guinea in the final 3–0. Their FIFA ranking rose from 202nd in August 2010 to 89th by July 2011. On 10 October 2010, they earned a shock 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier win at home against Algeria 2–0, which put them top of their qualification group. The team won its first FIFA World Cup qualifier on 2 June 2012 after beating Botswana 2–0 at home.
Jupiter (roller coaster)
Jupiter (Japanese: ジュピター)  is a wooden roller coaster located at Kijima Kogen amusement park in Beppu, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Manufactured by Intamin and designed by Curtis D. Summers, the ride opened to the public on July 21, 1992.

Jupiter was the first wooden roller coaster in Japan and the only one until White Canyon at Yomiuriland and White Cyclone at Nagashima Spa Land both opened in 1994. At over 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) in length, Jupiter is the 7th longest wooden roller coaster in the world.

Intamin
Intamin Amusement Rides is a design and manufacturing company in Schaan, Liechtenstein, best-known for designing and constructing thrill rides and roller coasters at dozens of international theme parks, amusement parks and other establishments. The Intamin brand name is a syllabic abbreviation for "international amusement installations". The company has corporate offices across the world, including three in Europe, three in Asia, and two in the United States.
Discrete Universal Denoiser
In information theory and signal processing, the Discrete Universal Denoiser (DUDE) is a denoising scheme for recovering sequences over a finite alphabet, which have been corrupted by a discrete
memoryless channel. The DUDE was proposed in 2005 by Tsachy Weissman, Erik Ordentlich, Gadiel Seroussi, Sergio Verdú and Marcelo J. Weinberger.

Noisy-channel coding theorem
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit), establishes that for any given degree of noise contamination of a communication channel, it is possible (in theory) to communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel.  This result was presented by Claude Shannon in 1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley.

The Shannon limit or Shannon capacity of a communication channel refers to the maximum rate of error-free data that can theoretically be transferred over the channel if the link is subject to random data transmission errors, for a particular noise level.  It was first described by Shannon (1948), and shortly after published in a book by Shannon and Warren Weaver entitled The Mathematical Theory of Communication (1949). This founded the modern discipline of information theory.
Anil Sadgopal
Anil Sadgopal is an Indian educationist and activist, known for the Hoshangabad Science Teaching Programme and for advocacy related to the Right to Education (RTE) Act.  He is a recipient of several awards and honours, including the Jamnalal Bajaj Award for 'Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development'. He was instrumental in setting up Eklavya foundation in 1982. For over a decade, he was professor of education at Delhi University, and headed its department of education during 1998–2001. Since 2004–2005, he has been campaigning for changes in the RTE Act, which he believes is flawed.

Jamnalal Bajaj Award
Jamnalal Bajaj Award is an Indian award, for promoting Gandhian values, community service and social development. Established in 1978, by the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation of Bajaj Group, it is given annually in four categories, and usually presented by the President, Vice president, Prime Minister of India or a leading figure. The foundation currently headed by Rahul Bajaj, was created in 1977, in the memory of group founder, philanthropist and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Jamnalal Bajaj. The award ceremony takes place on his birth anniversary, 4 November.
Érika Olivera
Érika Alejandra Olivera de la Fuente (born 4 January 1976 in Quinta Normal) is a female marathon runner from Chile and deputy for the Democrats party.

She has competed at five Olympic Games, the most Olympic appearances ever by a female marathon runner.

Quinta Normal
Quinta Normal is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It is named after Quinta Normal Park, which lies directly on the border between Quinta Normal and Santiago Centro, although the park itself is located within the Santiago commune.
Don't Love You No More (I'm Sorry)
"Don't Love You No More (I'm Sorry)" is a song by British singer Craig David. It was written by David and Mark Hill for his third studio album, The Story Goes... (2005). "Don't Love You No More (I'm Sorry)" gave David his second top ten hit from The Story Goes... and one of his biggest hits to date, tying with number-one single "7 Days" for longest-running single in the UK top 75, spending fifteen weeks on the chart. However, "Don't Love You No More (I'm Sorry)" is his biggest for most consecutive weeks inside the top 75 as "7 Days" had fourteen, before it re-entered for a week. The song was his biggest hit from The Story Goes, peaking at number 4, one place lower than "All the Way", which only spent six weeks inside the top 75.

7 Days (Craig David song)
"7 Days" is a song by British singer Craig David. It was released on 24 July 2000 as the second single from his debut studio album, Born to Do It (2000). "7 Days" topped the UK Singles Chart and peaked within the top ten of the charts in several countries, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United States. It became David’s highest charting hit in the US.

"7 Days" has received a 3× platinum sales certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and was Britain's 17th-best-selling single of 2000. In 2001, the song was nominated for the BRIT Award for Best Single (losing out to Robbie Williams' "Rock DJ"), and in 2003, it was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. There is also a remix produced by DJ Premier featuring Mos Def.
Jinny (wrestler)
Jinny Hahn (née Sandhu; born 28 September 1989) is an English retired professional wrestler.

She is best known for her time in Progress Wrestling (PROGRESS) and WWE, where she performed on the NXT UK brand. She also wrestled for multiple British wrestling promotions, such as Revolution Pro Wrestling (RevPro/RPW), Pro-Wrestling: EVE (EVE), and Westside Xtreme Wrestling (WxW).

Progress Wrestling
Progress Wrestling (stylized as PROGRESS) is a British professional wrestling promotion that was established in 2011 by comedian Jim Smallman, events and comedy promoter Jon Briley, and later, actor Glen Robinson (professionally known as Glen Joseph). The company is now co-owned by Lee McAteer, Martyn Best, and Matthew Buczek.
Etrian Odyssey IV
Etrian Odyssey IV: Legends of the Titan is a dungeon crawler role playing video game developed and published by Atlus for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the sequel to Etrian Odyssey III: The Drowned City and the first in the Etrian Odyssey series to be released on the Nintendo 3DS.

Etrian Odyssey
Etrian Odyssey is a dungeon crawler role-playing video game series. It is primarily developed and published by Atlus and currently owned by Sega. By 2016, the series had sold a combined total of 1.5 million copies worldwide.

Each installment in the series revolves around teams of adventurers who descend into mysterious and highly dangerous ancient labyrinths located throughout the world near tremendous trees, in search of fame, treasure or deciphering the mysteries of the past, including remnants of ancient civilizations.
Ngurmbur language
Ngomburr, also spelt Ngumbur, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. It has sometimes been assumed to be a dialect of Umbugarla, but it is poorly attested; the only evidence to go on is that neighbouring peoples reported that it was similar to Umbugarla, as well as some sentences and vocabulary. It was spoken to the west of the South Alligator River, between the Ga'baarlgu and the South Alligator River, in Kakadu, Northern Territory.

There were two speakers recorded in 1975, and one in 1981, but none since then, on the AUSTLANG database. The last speaker, Butcher Knight, died sometime between 1987 and 2001.

Alligator Rivers
Alligator Rivers is the name of an area in an Arnhem Land region of the Northern Territory of Australia, containing three rivers, the East, West, and South Alligator Rivers. It is regarded as one of the richest biological regions in Australia, with part of the region in the Kakadu National Park. It is an Important Bird Area (IBA), lying to the east of the Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains IBA. It also contains mineral deposits, especially uranium, and the Ranger Uranium Mine is located there. The area is also rich in Australian Aboriginal art, with 1500 sites. The Kakadu National Park is one of the few World Heritage sites on the list because of both its natural and human heritage values. They were explored by Lieutenant Phillip Parker King in 1820, who named them in the mistaken belief that the crocodiles in the estuaries were alligators.
J. P. Farrell
James Patrick Farrell (13 May 1865 – 11 December 1921) was an Irish nationalist politician and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1895 to 1918, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. He was also founder (with fellow Nationalist M.P. Jasper Tully), owner and editor of the Longford Leader newspaper.

Jasper Tully
Jasper Tully (1859 – 16 September 1938) was an Irish nationalist politician and Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

He was elected as the Irish National Federation (Anti-Parnellite) MP for the South Leitrim constituency at the 1892 general election, and was re-elected unopposed at the 1895 general election. He was elected as the Irish Parliamentary Party MP at the 1900 general election. He did not contest the 1906 general election, but he did stand unsuccessfully in the North Roscommon by-election of February 1917, when Sinn Fein scored its first parliamentary election victory over the Irish Party. At the declaration of poll on 5 February he said he was delighted that Sinn Fein had won.
Nalla Thanka
Nalla Thanka is a 1950 Indian Malayalam-language mythological film directed by P. V. Krishna Iyer and produced by K. V. Koshy and Kunchacko under the banner of Udaya Studios and K & K Combines. It was the second film produced at the Udaya Studios, the first being Vellinakshatram (1949). The film stars Miss Kumari in the title role along with Augustine Joseph, Vaikom Mani and Miss Omana in other supporting roles. The film is based on the legend of Nalla Thanka, which is based on a popular Tamil folk tale.

Kunchacko
Maliampurackal Chacko Kunchacko (19 February 1912 – 15 June 1976) was an Indian film producer and director who worked in the Malayalam film industry. His venture Udaya Studios influenced the gradual shift of Malayalam film industry from its original base of Madras, Tamil Nadu to Kerala. He is the producer of Jeevithanauka (1951), starring Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair.
Odo, Count of Penthièvre
Odo of Rennes (Medieval Breton: Eudon Pentevr, Modern Breton: Eozen Penteur, Latin: Eudo, French: Eudes/Éon de Penthièvre)  (c. 999–1079), Count of Penthièvre, was the youngest of the three sons of Duke Geoffrey I of Brittany and Hawise of Normandy, daughter of Richard I of Normandy. Eudon married Agnes of Cornouaille (Orguen Kernev), the daughter of Alan Canhiart, Count of Cornouaille and sister of Hoel II, Duke of Brittany who was married in 1066 to Eudon's niece Hawise, Duchess of Brittany.

Hawise, Duchess of Brittany
Hawise of Rennes (Breton: Hawiz Breizh; French: Havoise de Bretagne) (c. 1024-1037 – 19 August 1072) was Duchess of Brittany from 1066 until her death.

Hawise was daughter and heiress of Alan III, Duke of Brittany, by his wife, Bertha of Blois, and as such, a member of the House of Rennes. She had two siblings: Conan II and Emma of Brittany. Hawise succeeded her older brother Conan, who was assassinated by poisoning on 11 December 1066.

Little is known of the life of Hawise of Rennes. She was married to Hoël of Cornwall some time before 1058. Hoel exercised authority jure uxoris and continued to control the government after her death in 1072 acting as regent for their son, Alan IV.
Horncastle
Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
Luke Fleming
Luke Fleming (born June 17, 1987) is an American professional stock car racing driver who competed in the now defunct NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour from 2009 to 2015. He is the son and nephew of fellow racing drivers Chris Fleming and Frank Fleming respectively.

Fleming has previously competed in series such as the SMART Modified Tour, the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, the Mid-East Modified Tour, and the World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing.

Frank Fleming (racing driver)
Frank Fleming (born July 25, 1959) is an American stock car racing driver. Fleming previously competed in the NASCAR Busch Series and the NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour. Currently, he competes part-time in the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour.

Fleming competed in ten NASCAR Busch Series races between 1988 and 1991. During the 1990 season, Fleming's crew chief was former NASCAR driver Chip Lain. His best career Busch Series finish was a twentieth at Daytona International Speedway in 1990.

Fleming competed in a total of 106 NASCAR Southern Modified Tour races between 2005 and 2015. During this span, Fleming achieved 66 top-tens, one pole position, and one win.

Between 1986 and 2025, Fleming competed in a total of 34 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour races. He has four top-tens.
Baltic Sea watchtower, Kühlungsborn
The Baltic Sea watchtower (German: Ostsee-Grenzturm) in Kühlungsborn is an old East German border troops watchtower that was manned by the Coastal Brigade (Grenzbrigade Küste) or GBK. As a maritime observation town of type BT 11 it was one of a series of originally 27 towers of this type on the coast of East Germany, of which only two survive.

Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic
The Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic (German: Grenztruppen der DDR) was the border guard of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1946 to 1990.

The Grenztruppen were the primary force guarding the Berlin Wall and the Inner German border, the GDR's international borders between West Berlin and West Germany respectively. The force belonged to the Ministry of National Defence (MfNV) from 1961, and was a service branch of the National People's Army until 1971 when it became directly subordinate to the MfNV. The Border Troops numbered approximately 47,000 personnel at its peak, consisting of volunteers and conscripts, the third-largest Warsaw Pact border guard after the Soviet Border Troops and Poland's Border Protection Troops.

The Grenztruppen's main role was preventing Republikflucht, the illegal migration from the GDR, and were controversially responsible for many deaths at the Berlin Wall.