hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Puth
David Puth is an American financial services executive who has held senior positions at several financial service companies. He currently serves as the Vice Chairman of Partners Capital.

He was chief executive officer of USD Coin (USDC) standards body, Centre from 2020 until Centre was absorbed by Circle. Between 1988 and 2007, he worked at J.P. Morgan where he served in a variety of senior global leadership roles.

Puth is a former member of the New York Federal Reserve Foreign Exchange Committee, the Bank of England Joint Standing Committee and former chairman of the Bank of International Settlements' Market Participants Group where he led the foreign exchange (FX) market's input to the development of a single global code of conduct covering the FX market.

Puth was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee, sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, which he chaired from 1992 to 2002.

Circle Internet Group
Circle (legally Circle Internet Group, Inc.) is a payments technology company. Funded by Jeremy Allaire and Sean Neville in 2013, it is currently headquartered in New York City and issues two types of stablecoin: USDC, which has a conversion rate pegged to the U.S. dollar, and EURC, which is euro-denominated. It also issues USYC, a tokenized money market fund.

The company's software platform enables users to move USDC across blockchains, as well as EURC and USYC. Circle had raised US$1.1 billion from investors by 2019. With $1.68 billion in revenue and reserve income in 2024, Circle went public on the NYSE in June 2025.
Zajira Upazila
Zajira (Bengali: জাজিরা) is an upazila of Shariatpur District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Zajira Thana was established in 1973 and was upgraded to an upazila in 1984. It was named after its administrative center, the town of Zajira.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
The Platonic Permutation
"The Platonic Permutation" is the ninth episode of the ninth season of The Big Bang Theory. The 192nd episode overall, it first aired on CBS on November 19, 2015. The story follows the characters throughout Thanksgiving. The first storyline explores Sheldon and Amy's relationship as they meet-up, after being broken up. The next subplot follows Bernadette, Raj, Emily and Howard where they volunteer at a soup kitchen and the last follows Leonard and Penny after they have a minor conflict as Penny forgets Leonard's birthday.

"The Platonic Permutation" features a guest appearance of South-African American entrepreneur and business magnate, Elon Musk as himself. Critics had mixed reviews of the episode. Critics praised Sheldon and Amy's storyline, but were critical of the other two subplots and Musk's appearance.

Raj Koothrappali
Rajesh Ramayan "Raj" Koothrappali, Ph.D. is a fictional character and one of the protagonists of the CBS television series The Big Bang Theory, portrayed by British-Indian actor Kunal Nayyar. He is one of four main male characters in the show, alongside Sheldon Cooper, Leonard Hofstadter and Howard Wolowitz to appear in every episode of The Big Bang Theory. Raj is based on a computer programmer that the show's co-creator, Bill Prady, knew when he was a programmer.
2013 Gibraltar by-election
A by-election was held to the Gibraltar Parliament on 4 July 2013 to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon in April 2013. The Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP), Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD), Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) and an independent contested the by-election. The Liberal Party of Gibraltar who is in alliance and in Government with the GSLP backed the GSLP's candidate.

The Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation's pre-election poll gave the GSLP's candidate Albert Isola an advantage of almost 5% over the GSD's Marlene Hassan-Nahon. It was also the last elections that the Progressive Democratic Party had taken part before their disbandment over a month later that same year.

Progressive Democratic Party (Gibraltar)
The Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) was a liberal conservative political party from Gibraltar.

The party was the third political party and the only party to sit on the centre-right in Gibraltar. The PDP was the only party campaigning for "a Gibraltar freely associated to the United Kingdom" and envisaged "a journey through the recognition of our right to independence". The party was also the only political party in Gibraltar that openly committed to implementing a means testing system in government housing.

The PDP described itself as "the only real choice for an alternative, authentic, centrist government which has vision, is progressive and is in tune with the aspirations of Gibraltarians for stable and moderate liberal politics."
Cataldo Ambulance Service
Cataldo Ambulance Service is a privately owned medical transport company based in Somerville, Massachusetts. Licensed at the advanced life support (ALS) level by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Cataldo provides emergency medical services, non-emergent ambulance and wheelchair van transportation, and mobile integrated health services in the Boston, North Shore, and Western regions of the state.

Western Massachusetts
42°20′N 72°50′W﻿ / ﻿42.333°N 72.833°W﻿ / 42.333; -72.833

Western Massachusetts, known colloquially as "Western Mass," is a region in Massachusetts, one of the six U.S. states that make up the New England region of the United States. Western Massachusetts has diverse topography; 22 colleges and universities including UMass in Amherst, MA, with approximately 100,000 students; and such institutions as Tanglewood, the Springfield Armory, and Jacob's Pillow.

The western part of western Massachusetts includes the Berkshire Mountains, where there are several vacation resorts. The eastern part of the region includes the Connecticut River Valley, which has a number of university towns, the major city Springfield, and numerous agricultural hamlets. In the eastern part of the area, the Quabbin region is a place of outdoor recreation.
Before the Summer Crowds
Before the Summer Crowds (Arabic: قبل زحمة الصيف, translit. Qabl Zahmet El Seif) is an Egyptian film directed by Mohamed Khan and released in 2016. Starring Maged el Kedwany, Hana Sheha, Ahmed Dawood, Lana Mushtaq and Hany El Metennawy, it premiered at the 12th Dubai International Film Festival in 2015. It was then selected to represent Egypt in the 5th Luxor African Film Festival in March 2016 before commercial release in Egyptian cinemas in April and rollout to Iraq, Tunisia and the UAE in May.

Hana Shiha
Hana Shiha 
(born 25 December 1985) is an Egyptian actress. 
She graduated from the Academy of Arts in Egypt, majoring acting and directing. 
She started her career in the hit series "el bar el Gharbi" in 2002 while she was still a student
Darya Grimm
Darya Grimm (born 13 November 2006) is a German ice dancer. With her former skating partner, Michail Savitskiy, she is a two-time World Junior bronze medalist (2024, 2025), a two-time Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist (2023–24, 2024–25), a four-time ISU Junior Grand Prix gold medalist, and a four-time German junior national champion (2022–25).

2025 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2025 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held from February 25 to March 2, 2025, at the Főnix Aréna in Debrecen, Hungary. The competition determined the entry quotas for each skating federation at the 2026 World Junior Championships. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
Bernardino de Mendoza
Bernardino de Mendoza (c. 1540 – 3 August 1604) was a Spanish military commander, diplomat, and writer on military history and politics. He served Philip II as ambassador to London and as a spy, from which he was expelled for his involvement in the Babington Plot against Elizabeth I. During the War of the Three Henrys, he coordinated with the Catholic League and Henry, Duke of Guise against the Huguenots.

Henri I, Duke of Guise
Henri I de Lorraine, Duke of Guise, Prince of Joinville, Count of Eu (31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called Le Balafré ('Scarface'), was the eldest son of François, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este. His maternal grandparents were Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, and Renée of France. Through his maternal grandfather, he was a descendant of Lucrezia Borgia and Pope Alexander VI.

A key figure in the French Wars of Religion, he was one of the namesakes of the War of the Three Henrys. A powerful opponent of the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, Henri was assassinated by the bodyguards of her son, King Henry III.
Fasıl
The fasıl is a suite in Ottoman classical music. It is similar to the Arabic nawba and waslah.

A classical fasıl generally includes movements such as taksim, peşrev, kâr, beste, ağır semâ'î, yürük semâ'î, gazel, şarkı and saz semâ'î, played continuously without interludes and interconnected through aranağme arrangements.

A modern fasıl typically includes movements such as taksim, peşrev, şarkı (ağır aksak), yürük semâ'î, Türk aksağı, taksim, şarkı (a few with increasing tempo) and saz semâ'î.

Traditional Fasıl (both classical and modern) is a musical act distinct from the performance of "oriental" or "arabesque" pop and folk songs found at meyhanes and taverns, which have come to be sometimes referred to by the same name.

Andalusi nubah
Andalusī nūbah (نوبة أندلسيّة), also transliterated nūba, nūbā, or nouba (pl. nūbāt), or in its classical Arabic form, nawba, nawbah, or nōbah, is a music genre found in the North African Maghrib states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya but, as the name indicates, it has its origins in Andalusi music. The name replaced the older use of sawt and originated from the musician waiting behind a curtain to be told it was his turn or nawbah by the sattar or curtain man.

The main schools of Andalusi nubah are the following

In Algeria
Gharnati (Tlemcen)
Sanaa (Algiers)
Malouf (Constantine)

In Tunisia
Malouf (Tunis)

In Morocco
Tarab al ala
Gharnati (After 1830, Following the migration of Algerians to Morocco during the French conquest)
Battle of Badajoz (1936)
The Battle of Badajoz was one of the first major engagements of the Spanish Civil War, resulting in a tactical and strategic Nationalist victory, however at a significant cost in time and troops. After several days of shelling and bombardment, Nationalists stormed the fortified border city of Badajoz on August 14, 1936, cutting off the Spanish Republic from neighbouring Portugal and linking the northern and southern zones of Nationalist control (although actual contact with General Emilio Mola's northern troops was not established until September 8).

Emilio Mola
Emilio Mola y Vidal (9 July 1887 – 3 June 1937) was a Spanish military officer who was one of the three leaders of the revolt  coup of July 1936 that started the Spanish Civil War.

After the death of José Sanjurjo on 20 July 1936, Mola commanded the Nationalists in the north of Spain, while Franco operated in the south. Attempting to take Madrid with his four columns, Mola praised local Nationalist sympathizers within the city as a "fifth column", possibly the first use of that phrase. He died in a plane crash in bad weather, leaving Franco as the pre-eminent Nationalist leader for the rest of the war. It was suspected that his death was a result of sabotage. However, this has never been proven.
Duke Gangneung
Duke Gangneung (died 1146), personal name Wang On (Korean: 왕온; Hanja: 王溫), was a member of the royal family of Goryeo as the grandson of King Munjong. Through his daughters, he became the father-in-law of the three successive kings (Uijong, Myeongjong, Sinjong) and the maternal grandfather of Huijong and Gangjong. He was known before as Marquess Gangneung.

Sinjong of Goryeo
Sinjong (11 August 1144 – 15 February 1204, r. 1197–1204), personal name Wang T'ak, was the twentieth monarch of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The fifth son of King Injong, King Sinjong took the throne after his brother King Myeongjong was sent into exile by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn.

He was wise, but like his brother before him had no true power, which was in the hands of Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn (this marked the beginning of the Choe family's military rule). Sinjong's reign was marked by waves of civil uprisings, such as rebellions and uprisings in Myeongju, Jinju, Geumju, Hapcheon, Gyeongju, and Gwangju. Sinjong also witnessed the kin strife of the Choe family and soon after became ill, abdicating in favor of his son King Huijong due to Choe's demands.
Carol E. Mayer
Carol E. Mayer is a Canadian museum professional, curator, and educator. She has curated over 50 exhibitions and worked with the British Columbia Museums Association (BCMA), Canadian Museums Association (CMA), and the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Mayer has taught museum studies and material culture courses at the University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Victoria, and Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design. She co-founded and directed the Museum Studies Certificate Program at UBC (1996-1997).

International Council of Museums
The International Council of Museums (ICOM) is a non-governmental organisation dedicated to museums, maintaining formal relations with UNESCO and having a consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Founded in 1946, ICOM also partners with entities such as the World Intellectual Property Organization,
 Interpol, and the World Customs Organization in order to carry out its international public service missions, which include fighting illicit traffic in cultural goods and promoting risk management and emergency preparedness to protect world cultural heritage in the event of natural or man-made disasters. ICOM members receive a card providing free or reduced-rate entry to many museums worldwide.
Make the World Move
"Make the World Move" is a song recorded by American singer Christina Aguilera for her seventh studio album, Lotus (2012). It features guest vocals from Cee Lo Green. The song was written by Alexander Grant, Mike Del Rio, Candice Pillay, Jayson DeZuzio, Dwayne Abernathy and Armando Trovajoli. Musically, the track is an up–tempo inspirational song, which combines dance, R&B and soul genres. Lyrically, it is a positive attitude song which features horns and synthesizers as part of its instrumentation.

"Make the World Move" received a mixed response from music critics; some were complimentary of Aguilera and Green's performance, although others felt that the track is weak compared to other songs on Lotus. Upon the release of the album, the song debuted at number 123 on the South Korean international singles chart. Aguilera and Green performed "Make the World Move" on the third season of The Voice, a singing competition show on which they are both a coach.

Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.
Godfrey Lienhardt
Ronald Godfrey Lienhardt (17 January 1921 – 9 November 1993) was a British anthropologist. He took many photographs of the Dinka people he studied. He wrote about their religion in Divinity and Experience: the Religion of the Dinka.

Dinka people
The Dinka people (Dinka: Jiɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ) are a Nilotic ethnic group native to South Sudan. The Dinka mostly live along the Nile, from Mangalla-Bor to Renk, in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (two out of three provinces that were formerly part of southern Sudan), and the Abyei area of the Ngok Dinka in South Sudan.

They number around 4.5 million, according to the 2008 Sudan census, constituting about 40% of the population of that country and the largest ethnic group in South Sudan. The Dinka refer to themselves as Muonyjang (singular) and jieng (plural).
Aaron Kuhl
Aaron Kuhl (born 30 January 1996) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays for National League side Farnborough as a midfielder. He was a member of the Reading academy and made his debut for the club before loan spells with Dundee United in Scotland during 2015, and with Boreham Wood in 2016. He has represented England at under-19 and under-20 level.

England national under-19 football team
England national under-19 football team, also known as England under-19s or England U19(s), represents England in association football at under-19 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Juan Manuel Lillo
Juan Manuel "Juanma" Lillo Díez (born 3 November 1965) is a Spanish football manager.

Having started coaching before his 20s, he was the youngest manager in charge of a La Liga club, having taken over Salamanca at not yet 30 years of age. He also coached Oviedo, Tenerife, Zaragoza and Almería in the top-flight, and had spells in charge of clubs in Mexico, Colombia, Japan, China and Qatar.

Real Oviedo
Real Oviedo (Spanish: [reˈal oˈβjeðo]; Asturian: Real Uviéu [reˈal uˈβjew]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Oviedo, Asturias. Founded on 26 March 1926, the club plays in LaLiga, the highest level of the Spanish football league system. The club plays at the Estadio Carlos Tartiere, opened on 30 September 2000, and is the largest sports stadium in Asturias. In the all-time league table for the Spanish top division (La Liga), Real Oviedo ranks 18th, as it has played 38 seasons.

The club's local rivals are Real Sporting Gijón on the sea coast to its north, with whom the club contests the Asturian derby.
Salihu Bakari Girei
Salihu Bakari Girei (born 5 September 1971) is a Nigerian educationist, academic administrator, and public servant. He is the Director of Research and Development at the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) and a Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Education.

Girei previously held cabinet positions in the Adamawa State government, serving as Commissioner for Local Government Affairs and Commissioner for Higher Education.

Tertiary Education Trust Fund
The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund), is a scheme established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 2011 to disburse, manage, and monitor the funding of government-owned tertiary education in Nigeria.

Before the establishment of the scheme, public tertiary education had become ineffective as a result of poor funding. The scheme was designed to improve the sector.
Enough Cryin
"Enough Cryin" a song by American singer Mary J. Blige. It was written by Blige, Sean Garrett, Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter, and Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins for her seventh studio album, The Breakthrough (2005), while production was helmed by the latter. The song introduces Blige's rap alter ego, Brook Lynn, who delivers the song's rap verse. Blige's rap verse was originally written by Jay-Z for Foxy Brown, but Jerkins rejected Brown's vocals and it was instead suggested that Blige record the verse herself.

The song earned generally positive reviews from music critics who ranked it among the album's standout tracks. On March 2, 2006, "Enough Cryin" was released by Geffen Records as the album's third single in the United States. It peaked at number 32 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. While the song was less successful internationally, it also peaked at number six on the UK R&B Singles Charts and became a top twenty hit in the Netherlands.

Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), better known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.

Jerkins has won two Grammy Awards from 19 nominations. Among his most successful productions are "The Boy Is Mine" by Brandy and Monica, "It's Not Right but It's Okay" by Whitney Houston, "Say My Name" by Destiny's Child, "If You Had My Love" by Jennifer Lopez, "Déjà Vu" by Beyoncé, "Holler" by Spice Girls, "He Wasn’t Man Enough" by Toni Braxton, "Telephone" by Lady Gaga, and "As Long as You Love Me" by Justin Bieber.
Measurements of neutrino speed
Measurements of neutrino speed have been conducted as tests of special relativity and for the determination of the mass of neutrinos. Astronomical searches investigate whether light and neutrinos emitted simultaneously from a distant source are arriving simultaneously on Earth. Terrestrial searches include time of flight measurements using synchronized clocks, and direct comparison of neutrino speed with the speed of other particles.

Since it is established that neutrinos possess mass, the speed of neutrinos of kinetic energies ranging from MeV to GeV should be slightly lower than the speed of light in accordance with special relativity. Existing measurements provided upper limits for deviations from light speed of approximately 10−9, or a few parts per billion. Within the margin of error this is consistent with no deviation at all.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Ximena Órdenes
Ximena Loreto Órdenes Neira (born 9 March 1973) is a Chilean sociologist and politician. She is currently a senator for Constituency 14, corresponding to Aysén Region. She was intendant of Aysén Region from 2014 to 2015, under the second government of Michelle Bachelet.

In the first Bachelet government, she was governor of Aysén Province from 2006 to 2008, and regional ministerial secretary of public works from 2008 to 2010.

Senate of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.