hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steve Barr (educator)
Steve Barr (born July 25, 1959) is an American educator, political activist, and author, best known as a co-founder of Rock the Vote and founder of Green Dot Public Schools, a charter school organization in Los Angeles, California. He led Green Dot from 2000 to 2009. Barr also founded Future is Now Schools, a non-profit school organization that works on reforming schools from within.

Barr worked on the presidential campaigns of two Democratic Party candidates in the 1980s and served as Finance Chairman of the California Democratic Party. After having worked on school reform for many years, in June 2016 Steve Barr announced his candidacy for the 2017 Los Angeles mayoral election, challenging incumbent mayor Eric Garcetti, before withdrawing from the race.

Eric Garcetti
Eric Michael Garcetti (born February 4, 1971) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to India from 2023 to 2025. He was the 42nd mayor of Los Angeles from 2013 until 2022. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected in the 2013 election, and re-elected in 2017. A former member of the Los Angeles City Council, Garcetti served as City Council president from 2006 to 2012. He was the city's first elected Jewish mayor, and its second consecutive Mexican-American mayor. He was elected as the youngest mayor in over 100 years, having been 42 at the time of his inauguration. Upon nomination by President Joe Biden after a previously failed nomination the year before, Garcetti was eventually confirmed as Ambassador to India by the Senate on a 52–42 vote on March 15, 2023.
Maha Chakkraphat
Maha Chakkraphat (Thai: มหาจักรพรรดิ, pronounced [mā.hǎː t͡ɕàk.krā.pʰát]; 1509 – 1569; Burmese: မဟာစကြဝတ္တိမင်း or မဟာချက္ကရဖတ်; also ဗြသာဓိရာဇာ, Phra Sādhirāja) was king of the Ayutthaya kingdom from 1548 to 1564 and 1568 to 1569. Originally called Prince Thianracha, or Prince Tien, he was put on the throne by Khun Phiren Thorathep and his supporters of the Sukhothai clan, who had staged a coup by killing the usurper King Worawongsathirat and Si Sudachan.: 37–39

Thai nobility
The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (khunnang, Thai: ขุนนาง) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), through the Thonburi (1767–1782) and early Rattanakosin (1782 onwards) periods. Reforms by King Chulalongkorn ended the system around the end of the 19th century, though noble titles continued to be granted until the abolition of absolute monarchy in 1932.

Thai noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Thai noble titles were not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence was substantial, and some families were able to accumulate large amounts of wealth and power, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.
Meralco Avenue
Meralco Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare in Ortigas Center in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It links Ortigas Avenue in the north and Shaw Boulevard in the south and borders the western edge of Valle Verde in Ugong. It is named after the Manila Electric Company (Meralco), headquartered at the avenue's intersection with Ortigas Avenue. Other notable businesses on Meralco Avenue include UnionBank Plaza, Marco Polo Ortigas Manila, Ayala Malls The 30th, Metrowalk, and the mixed-use development called Capitol Commons at the former Rizal Provincial Capitol lot on Meralco and Shaw Boulevard.

Due to the construction of the Metro Manila Subway, the portion of the avenue from Shaw Boulevard to Anda Road, adjacent to Capitol Commons, has been closed since October 3, 2022, and is planned to remain closed until 2028.

Meralco
The Manila Electric Company, also known as Meralco (/mɜːrɑːlkoʊ/, Tagalog: [mɛˈɾalkɔ], stylized in uppercase), is an electric power distribution company in the Philippines. It is Metro Manila's only electric power distributor and holds the power distribution franchise for 39 cities and 72 municipalities, including the whole of Metro Manila and the exurbs that form Mega Manila.

The name "Meralco" is an acronym for Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company, which was the company's official name until 1919.
Penn Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
Penn Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,214 at the 2020 census. Poe Valley State Park is in Penn Township.

Township (Pennsylvania)
A township, under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is the lowest level of municipal incorporation of government. All of Pennsylvania's communities outside of incorporated cities, boroughs, and one town have been incorporated into individual townships that serve as the legal entities providing local self-government functions.

In general, townships in Pennsylvania encompass larger land areas than other municipalities, and tend to be located in suburban, exurban, or rural parts of the commonwealth. As with other incorporated municipalities in Pennsylvania, townships exist within counties and are subordinate to or dependent upon the county level of government.
Anne Carson
Anne Patricia Carson CM (born June 21, 1950) is a Canadian poet, essayist, translator, classicist, and professor.

Trained at the University of Toronto, Carson has taught classics, comparative literature, and creative writing at universities across the United States and Canada since 1979, including McGill, University of Michigan, New York University, and Princeton University.

With more than twenty books of writings and translations published to date, Carson was awarded Guggenheim and MacArthur Fellowships, has won the Lannan Literary Award, two Griffin Poetry Prizes, the T. S. Eliot Prize, the Princess of Asturias Award, the Governor General's Award for English-language poetry, and the PEN/Nabokov Award, and was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2005 for her contribution to Canadian letters.

Governor General's Award for English-language poetry
This is a list of recipients and nominees of the Governor General's Awards award for English-language poetry. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for English language poetry or drama was divided.
1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Indian state of West Bengal in 1967 to elect 280 members to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. United Front led by Ajoy Mukherjee won majority of seats in the election, and formed the first non-Congress government of the state.

United Front (West Bengal)
The United Front (Bengali: যুক্তফ্রণ্ট) was a political coalition in West Bengal, India, formed shortly after the 1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. It was conceived on 25 February 1967, through the joining of the United Left Front and the People's United Left Front, along with other parties. Soon after its formation, a massive rally was held in Calcutta, at which an 18-point programme of the Front was presented. Ajoy Mukherjee, leader of the Bangla Congress, was the head of the United Front.

The Front formed a state government with Mukherjee as its chief minister and Jyoti Basu became the Deputy Chief Minister, dislodging the Indian National Congress for the first time in the history of the state. The ministry took oath on 15 March 1967.
Alison Schwagmeyer
Alison Renee Schwagmeyer (born July 31, 1990) is an American former professional basketball player. She played college basketball for the Charleston Southern Buccaneers and the Quincy Hawks before playing in Germany, Australia, Romania, Spain, and Serbia. In Australia, she helped the Lakeside Lightning win the SBL championship in 2018 and earned three consecutive SBL Most Valuable Player awards. She also played in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) for the Perth Lynx, Sydney Uni Flames and UC Capitals.

NBL1 West Most Valuable Player Award
The NBL1 West Most Valuable Player (MVP) is an annual NBL1 West award given to the best performing player of the regular season. Known as the State Basketball League (SBL) MVP from 1989 to 2019, the SBL was rebranded to NBL1 West in 2021.

In 2022, the Women's MVP award was named in honour of Casey Mihovilovich after she broke the league's all-time games record.
Join (category theory)
In category theory in mathematics, the join of categories is an operation making the category of small categories into a monoidal category. In particular, it takes two small categories to construct another small category. Under the nerve construction, it corresponds to the join of simplicial sets.

Category of small categories
In mathematics, specifically in category theory, the category of small categories, denoted by Cat, is the category whose objects are all small categories and whose morphisms are functors between categories. Cat may actually be regarded as a 2-category with natural transformations serving as 2-morphisms.

The initial object of Cat is the empty category 0, which is the category of no objects and no morphisms. The terminal object is the terminal category or trivial category 1 with a single object and morphism.

The category Cat is itself a large category, and therefore not an object of itself. In order to avoid problems analogous to Russell's paradox one cannot form the “category of all categories”. But it is possible to form a quasicategory (meaning objects and morphisms merely form a conglomerate) of all categories.
25 Gigabit Ethernet
25 Gigabit Ethernet and 50 Gigabit Ethernet are standards for Ethernet connectivity in a datacenter environment, developed by IEEE 802.3 task forces 802.3by and 802.3cd and are available from multiple vendors.

IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This set of standards generally applies to local area networks (LANs) and has some wide area network (WAN) applications. Physical connections are made between network nodes and, usually, various network infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper cables or optical fiber.

802.3 standards support the IEEE 802.1 network architecture.

802.3 also defines a LAN access method using carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
Awbridge F.C.
Awbridge F.C. was a long running amateur football club based in Awbridge (pronounced 'A-bridge', with the letter 'w' silent), a small village and civil parish about three miles northwest of Romsey in the Test Valley district of Hampshire, England,

They were longstanding members of the Hampshire League and were eventually absorbed by neighbours Michelmersh & Timsbury after a brief spell groundsharing.

Hampshire League
The Hampshire League was a long running amateur football league in Hampshire, England.

The competition ran for 108 years, until it was absorbed the expanding Wessex League in 2004. It has since been succeeded by the Hampshire Premier League with a recognised place on the FA Pyramid system.
Kosmann lift
In differential geometry, the Kosmann lift, named after Yvette Kosmann-Schwarzbach, of a vector field  on a Riemannian manifold  is the canonical projection  on the orthonormal frame bundle of its natural lift  defined on the bundle of linear frames.

Generalisations exist for any given reductive G-structure.

G-structure on a manifold
In differential geometry, a G-structure on an n-manifold M, for a given structure group G, is a principal G-subbundle of the tangent frame bundle FM (or GL(M)) of M.

The notion of G-structures includes various classical structures that can be defined on manifolds, which in some cases are tensor fields. For example, for the orthogonal group, an O(n)-structure defines a Riemannian metric, and for the special linear group an SL(n,R)-structure is the same as a volume form.  For the trivial group, an {e}-structure consists of an absolute parallelism of the manifold.

Generalising this idea to arbitrary principal bundles on topological spaces, one can ask if a principal -bundle over a group  "comes from" a subgroup  of . This is called reduction of the structure group (to ).

Several structures on manifolds, such as a complex structure, a symplectic structure, or a Kähler structure, are G-structures with an additional integrability condition.
Sweden men's national futsal team
The Sweden national futsal team represents Sweden in international futsal competitions such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships and is controlled by the Swedish Football Association. The team played their first official match in December 2012 against France in Gothenburg. One month later, Sweden played their first competitive games and took three impressive victories in the qualification round for the 2014 European Championship.

France national futsal team
The France national futsal team represents the French Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in France, in international futsal competitions, such as the FIFA Futsal World Cup and the European Championships.
Benjamin Downing
Benjamin Brackett Downing (born September 11, 1981) is an American politician and Democratic former member of the Massachusetts State Senate. He represented the Berkshire, Hampshire and Franklin district from 2007 to 2013, before being redistricted to the Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden district, which he represented until 2017.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
British Council
The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities. It works in over 100 countries promoting a wider knowledge of the United Kingdom and the English language (and the Welsh language in Argentina); encouraging cultural, scientific, technological and educational cooperation with the United Kingdom. The organisation has been called a soft power extension of UK foreign policy, as well as a tool for propaganda.

The British Council is governed by a royal charter. It is also a public corporation and an executive non-departmental public body, sponsored by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. Its headquarters are in Stratford, London. Its chair is Paul Thompson and its chief executive is Scott McDonald.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
1981 Sugar Bowl
The 1981 Sugar Bowl was the 47th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on Thursday, January 1. Part of the 1980–81 bowl game season, it matched the undefeated and top-ranked Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference, and the seventh-ranked Notre Dame Fighting Irish. A slight underdog, Georgia won, 17–10.

1980 NCAA Division I-A football rankings
Two human polls comprised the 1980 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason—the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.with the Heisman winner George Rogers
Lady Chaa
Lady Chaa (茶阿局, Chaa no Tsubone) (July 30, 1621—September 17, 1642) was a Japanese noble woman and concubine of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan. She lived in Tōtōmi Province. She is said to be the daughter of a foundryman. When the daikan (a local official) had her husband killed, she appealed to Ieyasu, who was then the lord of Hamamatsu Castle; as a result, he punished the daikan. Lady Chaa subsequently became a concubine of Ieyasu. She was also the mother of Matsudaira Tadateru and Matsudaira Matsuchiyo. An account cited that Lady Chaa was part of Osaka Castle's Genji circle and received a copy of Genji monogatari no okori from her aunt, Keifukuin Kaoku Gyokuei.

Like other women of the Tokugawa clan, Lady Chaa was actively involved in politics, participating in councils and using her influence to protect and resolve conflicts between the temples. Lady Chaa's grave is at Sōkei-ji, a Buddhist temple in Bunkyō, Tokyo. Her Buddhist name is Satoru'in

Hamamatsu Castle
Hamamatsu Castle (浜松城, Hamamatsu-jō) is a hirayama-style Japanese castle ruin, with some replica castle buildings. It was the seat of various fudai daimyō  who ruled over Hamamatsu Domain, Tōtōmi Province, in what is now central Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. It is also called Shusse Castle (出世城, Shusse-jō).
Jacob De Witt
Jacob De Witt (September 17, 1785 – March 23, 1859) was a businessman, banker and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East, Province of Canada (now Quebec). Beginning in the hardware trade, he expanded into steamship transportation on the River St. Lawrence and then banking.  He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada and generally supported the Parti patriote, but did not participate in the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837.  After the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada, he was elected to the new Legislative Assembly.  He initially supported the reform measures of Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, but gradually became more radical, ending his political career as member of the Parti rouge and calling for the voluntary annexation of Canada to the United States. He continued in business, particularly banking, until his death in 1859.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Stevie Gray
Stephen Gray (7 February 1967 – 19 September 2009) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a right winger. Gray made 85 appearances in the Scottish Football League for Aberdeen and Airdrieonians between 1985 and 1993. Gray also represented Scotland at under-21 international level.

Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)
Airdrieonians Football Club, more commonly known as Airdrie, was a Scottish professional football team from the town of Airdrie, in the Monklands area of Lanarkshire.

The club became defunct at the end of the Scottish Football League 2001–02 season, despite the team finishing as runners-up in the SFL First Division to Partick Thistle and therefore only narrowly missing out on promotion to the Scottish Premier League.

During their 124-year existence the "Diamonds", as they were nicknamed, won the old Scottish Division Two three times, the Spring Cup once and the Scottish Challenge Cup on three occasions. The club also competed in four separate Scottish Cup finals; winning the competition in 1924.

Airdrieonians were the first club in the Scottish League to fold since 1967, when Third Lanark went bankrupt.
Malmö Isstadion
Malmö Isstadion (Malmö Ice Stadium) is an indoor sports arena located in the Stadionområdet area of Malmö, Sweden. The capacity of the arena is 5,800 and it was built in 1968. It is the former home arena of the Malmö Redhawks ice hockey team, and was replaced as such by Malmö Arena, which was inaugurated in November 2008. In addition to sporting events, the arena was also used for concerts until the opening of the larger Malmö Arena.

Malmö Redhawks
The Malmö Redhawks (colloquially referred to simply as Malmö or by past abbreviation MIF) are a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Malmö, Sweden, which plays in the SHL, with Malmö Arena as the venue for home games.

The history of the team dates back to 1944 as the ice hockey division of the now exclusively football club Malmö FF. In 1972 the team divested from Malmö FF, marking the start of the hockey association initially known as Malmö IF. The team name was changed to MIF Redhawks in 2001 and then to the present name IF Malmö Redhawks in 2004. Officially the team goes by the name Ishockeyföreningen Malmö Redhawks (Ice Hockey Association Malmö Redhawks). The current CEO is Patrik Sylvegård who represented the team during his senior playing career.
Isovolumetric contraction
In cardiac physiology, isometric contraction is an event occurring in early systole during which the ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change (isometrically). This short-lasting portion of the cardiac cycle takes place while all heart valves are closed. The inverse operation is isovolumetric relaxation diastole with all valves optimally closed.

Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole. After emptying, the heart relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting.

Assuming a healthy heart and a typical rate of 70 to 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, takes about 0.8 second to complete the cycle. Duration of the cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate.