hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jamaican political conflict
The Jamaican political conflict is a long-standing feud between right-wing and left-wing elements in the country, often involving violence. The Jamaican Labour Party (JLP) and the People's National Party (PNP) have fought for control of the island for years and the rivalry has led to urban warfare in Kingston. Each side claims the other side is controlled by foreign elements; the JLP was accused of being backed by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the PNP was accused of being backed by the Soviet Union and Cuba.

Jamaica Labour Party
The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP; Jamaican Patois: Jumieka Lieba Paati) is one of the two major political parties in Jamaica, the other being the People's National Party (PNP). While its name might suggest that it is a social democratic party (as is the case for "Labour" parties in several other Commonwealth realms such as Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom), the JLP is actually a conservative party. Historically it embraced Fabianism.

It is the current governing party, having won 35 of the 63 parliamentary seats in the lower house of parliament (House of Representatives) in the 2025 general elections.

The JLP uses a bell, the victory sign, and the colour green as electoral symbols. The JLP is a member of the Caribbean Democrat Union.
Bob Jones University v. Simon
Bob Jones University v. Simon, 416 U.S. 725 (1974), is a decision made by the Supreme Court of the United States holding that Bob Jones University, which had its 501(c)(3) status revoked by the Internal Revenue Service for practicing "racially discriminatory admissions policies" towards African Americans, could not sue for an injunction to prevent losing its tax-exempt status.  The question of Bob Jones University's tax-exempt status was ultimately resolved in Bob Jones University v. United States, in which the court ruled that the First Amendment did not protect discriminatory organizations from losing tax-exempt status.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Ring of Stones
The Ring of Stones, also known as the Circle of Stones, is a stone arrangement which may have been constructed by some of the 68 marooned passengers and crew from the Vergulde Draak, a ship of the Dutch East India Company that was wrecked in 1656 about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of today's Perth, Western Australia. The Ring of Stones was reportedly first seen in 1875 by Admiralty surveyor Alfred Burt and his companion Harry Ogbourne on the coast of Western Australia. No official report was made of the discovery at the time, however it was not until 1930 that the sighting was reported to the Commissioner of the Western Australia Police by Burt. Burt identified the Ring of Stones as being on the central west coast of Western Australia, between Woodada Well and the coast, about "one school day" from the coast.

Western Australia Police Force
The Western Australia Police Force, colloquially WAPOL, provides police services throughout the state of Western Australia to a population of 2.66 million people, of which 2.11 million reside in the Perth Metropolitan Region. Western Australia has a land area of 2,527,013 square kilometres (975,685 sq mi), making it the world's largest non-federated area of jurisdiction.
Blytheville Air Force Base
Blytheville Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base that operated under the Tactical Air Command and Strategic Air Command from 1954 until its closure in 1992. The facility originally served as a B-25 pilot training school during WW2. For the majority of its operation, the base served as a home for SAC's B-52 ground alert program. In 1988, the facility was renamed Eaker Air Force Base in honor of World War II General of the Eighth Air Force, Ira C. Eaker. It was located 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Blytheville, Arkansas.  The facility now operates as the Arkansas Aeroplex and Arkansas International Airport.

North American B-25 Mitchell
The North American B-25 Mitchell is an American medium bomber that was introduced in 1941 and named in honor of Brigadier General William "Billy" Mitchell, a pioneer of U.S. military aviation. Used by many Allied air forces, the B-25 served in every theater of World War II, and after the war ended, many remained in service, operating across four decades. Produced in numerous variants, nearly 10,000 B-25s were built. It was the most-produced American medium bomber and the third-most-produced American bomber overall. These included several limited models such as the F-10 reconnaissance aircraft, the AT-24 crew trainer, and the United States Marine Corps' PBJ-1 patrol bomber.
HP RTR
HP Reliable Transaction Router (RTR) is a transactional middleware for computer software, marketed by Hewlett Packard. RTR is used to integrate with applications that require reliable transaction services.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
1986 Tennessee gubernatorial election
The 1986 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1986, to elect the next governor of Tennessee. Democratic nominee Ned McWherter defeated former Republican governor Winfield Dunn with 54.3% of the vote.

With this win, McWherter flipped the state back into Democratic control, with the state legislature also being controlled by Democrats.

Winfield Dunn
Bryant Winfield Culberson Dunn (July 1, 1927 – September 28, 2024) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 43rd governor of Tennessee from 1971 to 1975.  He was the state's first Republican governor in fifty years.  Dunn was an unsuccessful candidate for a second term in 1986, losing to Democrat Ned McWherter.  He remained active in the Republican Party and the medical field from the end of his term as governor until his death.
Xanthoparmelia nortegeta
Xanthoparmelia nortegeta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae, described by John Elix in 2003. This lichen is endemic to Western Australia, particularly the Boyagin Nature Reserve.

Boyagin Rock
Boyagin Rock is located 10 km (6.2 mi) south west of Brookton and 26 km (16 mi) north west of Pingelly in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, which is approximately 175 km (109 mi) south east of Perth. The Boyagin Rock outcrop rises 50 m (160 ft) above the surrounding land and is an crestal area of a granite inselberg within the geological Yilgarn craton framework.

It was a location that had been looked at for a water reserve, but the proposal was not proceeded with.  It had also been viewed as a mining location. The Boyagin Nature Reserve contains Boyagin Rock, and is widely recognised as one of the few areas of intact original fauna and flora in the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion. It provides refuge for a variety of fauna including numbats, goannas, echidnas and tammar wallabies. The reserve was established in 1978, and covers an area of 1.21 km2 (0.47 sq mi).
Amy Elik
Amy Elik is a Republican member of the Illinois House from the 111th district since January 13, 2021. The 111th district, located in the Metro East, includes all or parts of Alton, Bethalto, East Alton, Edwardsville, Elsah, Godfrey, Granite City, Hartford, Holiday Shores, Madison, Mitchell, Pontoon Beach, Rosewood Heights, Roxana, South Roxana, and Wood River.

Elik was elected to the 111th district after defeating Democratic incumbent Monica Bristow in the 2020 Illinois House of Representatives election, and was re-elected in the 2022 Illinois House of Representatives election.

Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
Señorita Panamá 2024
Señorita Panamá 2024 was the 58th edition of the Señorita Panamá pageant, held at the Figali Convention Center in Panama City, Panama, on August 3, 2024. This was the first selection of the renewed Señorita Panama pageant, under the direction of Cesar Anel Rodríguez, who took charge of the national event after acquired the franchise in 2024.

Miss Panamá 2023 Natasha Vargas of Los Santos crowned Italy Mora of Riviera del Canal as her successor at the end of the event.

Italy Mora was unable to represent Panama at Miss Universe 2024 because she was disqualified by the Miss Universe Organization.

On April 22, 2025, the Señorita Panamá Organization announced Mirna Caballini Bouche from Chiriquí as the new Miss Universe Panama 2024 and will represent the country in the Miss Universe 2025, scheduled to be held at the Impact Challenger in Pak Kret, Thailand, on 21 November 2025.

Miss Panamá 2023
Miss Panamá 2023 was the 57th edition of the Miss Panamá pageant, held at the Atlapa Convention Centre in Panama City, Panama, on September 13, 2023. This was the second edition of the renewed Miss Panama pageant, under the direction of Miss Panama Organization, who took charge of the national event in 2022.

Solaris Barba of Herrera crowned Natasha Vargas of Los Santos as her successor at the end of the event. Vargas represented Panama at Miss Universe 2023, held in El Salvador on 18 November 2023.
Proton Perdana (first generation)
The first generation Proton Perdana is a four-door mid-size family saloon manufactured by Malaysian automobile producer Proton which launched on 26 January 1995. It is a badge engineered seventh generation Mitsubishi Eterna, developed as the result of a collaboration between Proton and Mitsubishi Motors. About 80,000 first generation Proton Perdanas were sold between 1995 and 2013.

Perdana is the Malay word for Prime. The Perdana proved expensive to run and had reliability issues; the Malaysian government opted to replace it with the Honda Accord for federal and deputy ministers. The Accord ended up being built by Proton as the second generation Perdana.

Mitsubishi Galant
The Mitsubishi Galant (Japanese: 三菱・ギャラン, Mitsubishi Gyaran) is an automobile which was produced by Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi from 1969 until 2012. The model name was derived from the French word galant, meaning "chivalrous". There have been nine distinct generations with total cumulative sales exceeding five million units. It began as a compact sedan, but over the course of its life evolved into a mid-size car. Initial production was based in Japan, with manufacturing later moved to other countries.
Gabriela Serra
Gabriela Serra i Frediani (born 18 December 1951) is a Spanish teacher and politician. An advocate of Catalan independence, she was a deputy in the Parliament of Catalonia for the Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) from October 2015 to October 2017.

Popular Unity Candidacy
The Popular Unity Candidacy (Catalan: Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communities in Spain that it considers to be part of the Catalan Countries. The CUP traditionally has focused on municipal politics, and is made up of a series of autonomous candidatures that run in local elections. Its presence is strongest within the borders of Catalonia.

In 2012, the CUP decided for the first time to run for Catalan parliamentary elections, gaining three MPs out of 135. In the 2015 elections, they obtained 10 MPs.
Xie Zhong
Xie Zhong (simplified Chinese: 解众; traditional Chinese: 解眾; pinyin: Xiè Zhòng; born September 19, 1998) is a Chinese pair skater. With his former skating partner, Gao Yumeng, he is the 2017 World Junior bronze medalist and 2017 Chinese national bronze medalist on the senior level.

2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held March 15–19, 2017 in Taipei, Taiwan. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Pair champions Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor became the first skaters representing Australia to win gold at an ISU Figure Skating Championships. The United States received gold in two disciplines, with Vincent Zhou winning the men's singles title and Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons taking the ice dancing title. Russia's Alina Zagitova won the ladies' title in her first appearance at the event.
Cobbe family
The Cobbe family is an Irish landed family. The family has a notable history, and has produced several prominent Irish politicians, clergymen, writers, activists and soldiers, such as philosopher, writer and social reformer Frances Power Cobbe and General Sir Alexander Cobbe VC.

Alexander Cobbe
General Sir Alexander Stanhope Cobbe VC GCB KCSI DSO (6 June 1870 – 29 June 1931) was a senior British Indian Army officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Michaela DePrince
Michaela Mabinty DePrince (born Mabinty Bangura; January 6, 1995 – September 10, 2024) was a Sierra Leonean–American ballet dancer who danced with the Boston Ballet, the Dance Theatre of Harlem, and the Dutch National Ballet.

DePrince rose to fame after starring in the documentary First Position in 2011, which followed her and other young ballet dancers as they prepared to compete at the Youth America Grand Prix, where she won a scholarship to the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School at American Ballet Theatre. In 2012, DePrince danced with the Dance Theatre of Harlem as the youngest dancer in the history of the company. From 2013 to 2020, she was with the Dutch National Ballet.

With her adoptive mother, Elaine DePrince, she authored the 2014 book Taking Flight: From War Orphan to Star Ballerina (also published as Hope in a Ballet Shoe). From 2016 to 2024, she was a goodwill ambassador with the Amsterdam-based organization War Child. She died aged 29.

War Child (charity)
War Child International is an independent non-government organization founded in 1993 by film-makers Bill Leeson, David Wilson, and peace activist Willemijn Verloop. The organization works with parents, caregivers, community members, NGOs, governments, corporations, and other partners worldwide to ensure that children have access to protection, education and psychosocial support. War Child's work is rooted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The organization established War Child UK in 1994, War Child Holland in 1995, War Child Canada in 1999, and War Child Australia in 2002.
Basic Chess Endings
Basic Chess Endings (abbreviated BCE) is a book on chess endgames which was written by Grandmaster Reuben Fine and originally published on October 27, 1941. It is considered the first systematic book in English on the endgame phase of the game of chess. It is the best-known endgame book in English and is a classic piece of chess endgame literature. The book is dedicated to World Champion Emanuel Lasker, who died in 1941 (the year the book was published). It was revised in 2003 by Pal Benko.

Cecil Purdy said "... Basic Chess Endings is a monumental work, one of the most complete and authoritative on endgames in any language".

Cecil Purdy
C.J.S. (Cecil John Seddon) Purdy AM (27 March 1906 – 6 November 1979) was an Australian chess player and writer. He was awarded the International Master title in 1951 and the Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess title in 1959. Purdy was the first world correspondence chess champion. He was also an influential chess magazine writer, editor, and publisher.
Let Dimzon
Marnelli "Let" Salvador Dimzon (born November 22, 1979) is a Filipina football coach and former player. She is currently the head coach for the women's team of UAAP team Far Eastern University and also the Capital1 Solar Strikers.

A midfielder, Dimzon played in the collegiate level for the Far Eastern University (FEU) Lady Tamaraw Booters with whom she won back-to-back UAAP titles: in season 63 (2000–01), in which she was the most valuable player (MVP), and in season 64 (2001–02). Internationally, she played for the Philippine women's national team in the 2003 AFC Women's Championship and four Southeast Asian Games from 2001 to 2007.

Becoming head coach of the FEU Lady Tamaraw Booters in 2010, she led them to the UAAP Season 73 (2010–11) title and the three-peat in seasons 75 (2012–13) through 77 (2014–15). She had also served as head coach of the Philippine women's national team in the youth and senior levels. In 2019, she also became head coach of Kaya Women's.

FEU Lady Tamaraw Booters football
The FEU Lady Tamaraw Booters are the varsity women's football team of the Far Eastern University. They compete at the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), as well as at the PFF Women's League, the top flight domestic women's football league in the Philippines.

By winning Season 76 of UAAP in 2014 which is their ninth title, the FEU Lady Tamaraws became the collegiate team in the UAAP to have the most titles in women's football. They added to the then-record by winning again in Season 77. As of Season 85, they are tied with the De La Salle Lady Booters for most titles, at 11 apiece.

They have also won the PFF Women's Cup thrice. They won during the inaugural season in 2014, their second one the following season in 2015, and their third and latest title in 2022.
Chen Min (Jin dynasty)
Chen Min (died c.April 307), courtesy name Lingtong, was a military general and rebel of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was initially a logistics director who rose to prominence for his role in Zhang Chang's rebellion, in which he defeated the rebels' top commander, Shi Bing. However, during Sima Yue's coalition against Sima Yong in 305, Chen Min took the opportunity to rebel and occupy the Jiangnan region with the backing of the former Eastern Wu gentry clans. He controlled Jiangnan until 307, when the gentry clans, angered by his lackluster rule, revolted and killed him.

Jiangnan
Jiangnan is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of its delta. The region encompasses the city of Shanghai, the southern part of Jiangsu Province, the southeastern part of Anhui Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area include Anqing, Changzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Wenzhou, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

Jiangnan has long been regarded as one of the most prosperous regions in China due to its wealth in trade and very high human development. Most people of the region speak Wu Chinese dialects as their languages which they are native to.
Ruyangosaurus
Ruyangosaurus (Ruyang County lizard) is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of China. The type species is R. giganteus, described in 2009 by Lü Junchang et al.

2009 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.
La casa de los famosos México
La casa de los famosos México (transl. The House of the Famous Mexico) is the Mexican version of the reality television franchise Celebrity Big Brother, itself a spin-off of Big Brother. Produced by Rosa María Noguerón for TelevisaUnivision, the series premiered on 4 June 2023 on Las Estrellas.

Following three successful seasons of the American version, La casa de los famosos, aired on Telemundo, TelevisaUnivision revived the Big Brother format in Mexico under this new title, seeking to replicate its success in the local market. It is the third Mexican adaptation of the franchise, after Big Brother México and Big Brother VIP, which were last produced by Televisa in 2015 and 2005, respectively.

In October 2024, the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on 27 July 2025. In October 2025, the series was renewed for a fourth season.

La casa de los famosos
La casa de los famosos (English: The House of the Famous) is an American Spanish-language version of the reality television franchise Celebrity Big Brother, adaptation of Big Brother. The show premiered on Telemundo on August 24, 2021.

This is the fifth adaptation of the international Big Brother format in the United States, after Gran Hermano which was also broadcast on Telemundo and English-language Big Brother broadcast on CBS.

In May 2025, the series was renewed for a sixth season that premiered on February 17, 2026.
The Year of Living Dangerously (novel)
The Year of Living Dangerously is a 1978 novel by Christopher Koch in which an Australian journalist, a Chinese-Australian photojournalist and a British diplomat interact in Indonesia in the summer and autumn of 1965. Set primarily in the Indonesian capital city of Jakarta, it also describes a partly fictionalized version of the events leading up to the coup attempt by the Communist Party of Indonesia on September 30, 1965.

The novel's title refers to the Italian phrase vivere pericoloso. It is roughly translated into English as "living dangerously". Indonesian President Sukarno used the phrase for the title of his Independence Day speech of 17 August 1964.

Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, Indonesian pronunciation: ['partaɪ koˈmunɪs indo'nesija], PKI, [ˈpekai̯]) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. At the time, it was the largest communist party in the world after the Chinese and Soviet communist parties.

During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. Accused of responsibility for the 1965 army-led coup attempt, the party was banned by General Suharto in March 1966 and its members were violently purged.