hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doffer
A doffer is someone who removes "doffs" (bobbins, pirns or spindles) holding spun fiber such as cotton or wool from a spinning frame and replaces them with empty ones. Historically, spinners, doffers, and sweepers each had separate tasks that were required in the manufacture of spun textiles. From the early days of the industrial revolution, this work, which requires speed and dexterity rather than strength, was often done by children. After World War I, the practice of employing children declined, ending in the United States in 1933. In modern textile mills, doffing machines have now replaced humans.

Spinning (textiles)
Spinning is a twisting technique to form yarn from fibers. The fiber intended is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin. A few popular fibers that are spun into yarn other than cotton, which is the most popular, are viscose (the most common form of rayon), animal fibers such as wool, and synthetic polyester. Originally done by hand using a spindle whorl, starting in the 500s AD the spinning wheel became the predominant spinning tool across Asia and Europe. The spinning jenny and spinning mule, invented in the late 1700s, made mechanical spinning far more efficient than spinning by hand, and especially made cotton manufacturing one of the most important industries of the Industrial Revolution.
San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
San Marino was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, held in Lisbon, Portugal. The Sammarinese national broadcaster Radiotelevisione della Repubblica di San Marino (SMRTV) partnered with the London-based company 1in360 to stage an online search for their entrant, marking the first time the nation did not select their representative internally. The process, entitled 1in360, culminated in an 11-participant final with acts chosen from three wildcard selection processes and two 11-act showcase events. The winner of 1in360 was "Who We Are" performed by Jessika featuring Jenifer Brening. The 2018 entry in the Eurovision Song Contest was promoted through performances in London, Amsterdam, Madrid and Lisbon as well as a 10-week anti-bullying campaign to raise money for the Diana Award. San Marino performed fourth in the second semi-final, held on 10 May 2018, and placed 17th with 28 points, failing to qualify for the final.

San Marino RTV
Radiotelevisione della Repubblica di San Marino, commonly known as San Marino RTV (abbreviated SMRTV), is the public service broadcaster of San Marino. On 13 June 2011, San Marino RTV changed its name to SMtv San Marino. In November 2013, the name was changed back to San Marino RTV.

The broadcaster currently operates two television channels (San Marino RTV and San Marino RTV Sport) and two radio stations (Radio San Marino and Radio San Marino Classic).
Nissena Cup
The Nissena Cup (Coppa Nissena in Italian) is an automobile competition that takes place every year in Sicily. It is a hillclimbing race and is a valid test for the Italian Hillclimb Championship (CIVM) and the Mountain Trophy. It is organized by the Automobile Club d'Italia.

The length of the route is 4904 meters and the average gradient is 4.19%.

Hillclimbing
Hillclimbing, also known as hill climbing, speed hillclimbing, or speed hill climbing, is a branch of motorsport in which drivers compete against the clock to complete an uphill course. It is one of the oldest forms of motorsport, since the first known hillclimb at La Turbie near Nice, France, took place as long ago as 31 January 1897. The hillclimb held at Shelsley Walsh, in Worcestershire, England, is the world's oldest continuously staged motorsport event still staged on its original course, having been first run in 1905.
Tri-borough shared services
Tri-borough is a project between three councils in west London, England to combine service provision. The councils are Westminster City Council, Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council and the Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council. It launched in June 2011 and was due to come to an end in April 2018.

Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council
Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council, which styles itself Hammersmith and Fulham Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2014. The council's usual meeting place is at Hammersmith Town Hall.
Tryavna
Tryavna (Bulgarian: Трявна [ˈtrʲavnɐ]) is a town in central Bulgaria, situated on the northern slopes of the Balkan range, in the Tryavna river valley, near Gabrovo. It is famous for its textile industry and typical National Revival architecture, featuring 140 cultural monuments, museums, and expositions. Tryavna is the birthplace of Bulgarian writer Pencho Slaveykov and revolutionary Angel Kanchev.

The town is the administrative centre of the eponymous Tryavna Municipality. As of December 2009, it had a population of 9,831.

Gabrovo
Gabrovo (Bulgarian: Габрово [ˈɡabrovo]) is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province.

It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an international capital of humour and satire (see Gabrovo humour), as well as noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture. Gabrovo is also known as the longest town in Bulgaria, stretching over 25 km along the Yantra, yet reaching only 1 km (0.6 mi) in width at places. The geographic center of Bulgaria - Uzana - is located near the town.
Blue rock thrush
The blue rock thrush (Monticola solitarius) is a species of chat. This thrush-like Old World flycatcher was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and from Central Asia to northern China and Malaysia. The blue rock thrush is the official national bird of Malta.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Major Baltic inflow
The Baltic Sea saltwater inflow, known as the major Baltic inflow (MBI), refers to a significant influx of saline water from the North Sea into the Baltic Sea through the Danish straits. In the Baltic Sea, dense seawater from the North Sea sinks to the bottom and moves along the seabed, displacing the often oxygen-depleted water in the deep basins. Simultaneously, it transports new oxygen-rich water to the deep basins. These inflows are crucial for the Baltic Sea's ecosystem because they alleviate the oxygen depletion that commonly occurs in the deep basins of the poorly mixed sea, and at the same time, they prevent eutrophication caused by internal nutrient loading.

Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions. Hypoxia is problematic for air-breathing organisms, yet it is essential for many anaerobic organisms. Hypoxia applies to many situations, but usually refers to the atmosphere and natural waters.
National Television Award for Special Recognition
The National Television Award for Special Recognition is an award presented annually by the National Television Awards (NTAs). It is considered the most prestigious award given out in the ceremony and is awarded to people or programmes that have made a significant contribution to British television over a number of years. It is the only award at the NTAs that is not voted for by the general public.

National Television Awards
The National Television Awards (often shortened to NTAs) is a British television awards ceremony, broadcast by the ITV network and begun in 1995. The National Television Awards are the most prominent ceremony for which the results are voted on by the general public and are often branded as "television's biggest night of the year". In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for film, called the National Movie Awards, was held in 2007 and 2008, before being revived in 2010 but has not been held since 2011.
2009 Dusky Sound earthquake
The 2009 Dusky Sound earthquake was a Mw 7.8 earthquake that struck a remote region of Fiordland, New Zealand, on 15 July at 21:22 local time (09:22 UTC). It had an initially–reported depth of 12 km (7.5 mi), and an epicentre near Dusky Sound in Fiordland National Park, which is 160 km (99 mi) north-west of Invercargill. It was the country's largest earthquake magnitude since the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake, but caused only minor damage and there were no casualties. A tsunami accompanied the event and had a maximum measured run-up of 230 cm (91 in).

1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
The 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake, also known as the Napier earthquake, occurred in New Zealand at 10:47 am on 3 February, killing 256, injuring thousands and devastating the Hawke's Bay region. It remains New Zealand's deadliest natural disaster. Centred 15 km north of Napier, it lasted for two and a half minutes and had a magnitude of 7.8 Ms (7.7 Mw). There were 525 aftershocks recorded in the following two weeks, with 597 being recorded by the end of February. The main shock could be felt in much of New Zealand, with reliable reports coming in from as far south as Timaru, on the east coast of the South Island.
Uatu
Uatu (/ˈwɑːtuː/), often simply known as the Watcher, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The Fantastic Four #13 (April 1963). He is a member of the Watchers, an extraterrestrial species who in the distant past stationed themselves across space to monitor the activities of other species. Uatu is the Watcher assigned to observe Earth and its Solar System.

The character has been adapted into other media, such as video games, toys, and television. Jeffrey Wright voiced Uatu in the Marvel Cinematic Universe animated series What If...? (2021–2024) on Disney+.

Fantastic Four (comic book)
Fantastic Four is the name of several comic book titles featuring the team the Fantastic Four (created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby) and published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original Fantastic Four comic book series which debuted in 1961.

As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the company's 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate. The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as Roy Thomas, John Buscema, John Byrne, Steve Englehart, Walt Simonson, Tom DeFalco, Mark Waid, and Jonathan Hickman. The Fantastic Four is one of several Marvel titles originating in the Silver Age of Comic Books that was continuously published through 2015 before returning to monthly publication in 2018.
Ludvig Öhman
Carl Ludvig Öhman Silwerfeldt (born 9 October 1991) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a centre back for Superettan side Umeå.

Öhman has previously played top flight football in both his native Sweden and Japan for Kalmar FF, AFC Eskilstuna, IF Brommapojkarna and Nagoya Grampus. In 2019 he followed former Eskilstuna manager Michael Jolley to English EFL League Two side Grimsby Town where he remained until being released in the summer of 2021.

He is a former Sweden U17 and U19 international and has earned a combined 16 caps.

Sweden men's national under-19 football team
The Sweden men's national under-19 football team (Swedish: svenska juniorlandslaget i fotboll) is the football team representing Sweden in competitions for under-19 year old players. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship. Sweden made their first and so far only FIFA U-20 World Cup appearance in 1991, being knocked out in the group stage.
Pazhou station (Guangzhou Metro)
Pazhou station (Chinese: 琶洲站; Jyutping: paa4 zau1 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Paǎjāu Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 8 and Line 11 of the Guangzhou Metro. The Line 8 station started operations on 28 June 2003, and is located under Xingang East Road on Pazhou Island in the Haizhu District, near the Guangzhou International Convention Exhibition Center, the main venue for the Canton Fair.

Before the extension to both lines 2 and 8 opened in September 2010, this station was part of Line 2 as a single Line from Wanshengwei to Sanyuanli.

Line 11 started operating at this station on 28 December 2024.

Wanshengwei station
Wanshengwei Station (simplified Chinese: 万胜围站; traditional Chinese: 萬勝圍站; Cantonese Yale: Màahnsing'wàih Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 4 and Line 8 of the Guangzhou Metro, and also the eastern terminus of Line 8. It started operations on 26 December 2005. It is an underground station and located near the junction of Xingang East Road (新港东路) and Xinjiao South Road (新滘南路) in Haizhu District.

This station, like the others on Line 8 (except Changgang station, Baogang Dadao station, Shayuan station, and Fenghuang Xincun station, which were added after the dividing of Line 2), ran as part of a single route with the current Line 2 until the extension to both lines opened in late 2010.

The station is also the eastern terminus of the Haizhu Tram line of the Guangzhou Trams, which runs to Canton Tower Tram station.
Vale of Leven F.C.
Vale of Leven Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the town of Alexandria, in the Vale of Leven area of West Dunbartonshire. Nicknamed "the Vale" and reformed in 1939, the club competes in West of Scotland League Fourth Division, the ninth tier of Scottish football, holding home games at Millburn Park.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Glen Dandridge
Glen Dandridge (born July 16, 1985) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Missouri and Lambuth University before having a seven-year professional career.

Missouri Tigers men's basketball
The Missouri Tigers men's basketball team represents the University of Missouri in the SEC. Prior to the 2012–2013 season, the basketball team represented the school in the Big 12 Conference. They are located in Columbia, Missouri, playing home games at Mizzou Arena (15,061). The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 2025. The Tigers' season in 2022–23 was their first under head coach Dennis Gates, who was hired away from Cleveland State to replace the fired Cuonzo Martin. The Missouri men's basketball program was a charter member of the Big 12 Conference, formed from the Big Eight Conference in 1996. Entering the 2023–24 season the Tigers had an all-time record of 1,691–1,245 and a winning percentage of .576.
Sir John Clerk, 5th Baronet
Sir John Clerk of Pennycuik, 5th Baronet FRSE (1736–1798) was a Royal Navy officer. Active in the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, he thereby became a founder fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh upon its formation in 1783.

Penicuik
Penicuik (/ˈpɛnɪˌkʊk/ PEN-ee-kuuk; Scottish Gaelic: Ceann na Cuthaige) is a town and former burgh in Midlothian, Scotland, lying on the west bank of the River North Esk. It lies on the A701 midway between Edinburgh and Peebles, east of the Pentland Hills.
Cian Shields
Cian Shields (/ˈki.ən/ KEE-ən; born 7 March 2005) is a British racing driver who competes in the FIA Formula 2 Championship for AIX Racing.

He was the 2023 Euroformula Open Championship runner-up and contested the 2024 FIA Formula 3 Championship with Hitech.

Born and raised in Glasgow, Scotland, Shields is of Irish descent.

Hitech Grand Prix
Hitech Grand Prix (formerly Hitech Racing) is a British motor racing team. It was founded by Dennis Rushen and David Hayle in 2002 and relaunched by Oliver Oakes in 2015. Currently, Hitech competes in the FIA Formula 2 Championship, FIA Formula 3 Championship, Formula Regional Oceania Trophy, Eurocup-3, GB3 Championship, F4 British Championship, F1 Academy, Formula Trophy UAE and UAE4 Series. The team also supports Toyota drivers in Super Formula Championship.
Zorian Dołęga-Chodakowski
Zorian Dołęga-Chodakowski (4 June 1784 – 17 November 1825), born Adam Czarnocki, was a Polish ethnographer and archaeologist. A Slavophile, he became known for his ethnographic field research and theories about the ancient Slavs, which did not convince academics but have influenced Polish cultural life. For much of his adult life he travelled the countryside without any money, collecting folk songs and other material.

Chodakowski established several themes that became prominent in Polish Romanticism, notably a duality between native Slavic culture and imported Latin culture. His lifestyle as a homeless traveller inspired legends and he appears as a character in literary works from the 19th century. Chodakowski argued publicly that Christianisation of the Slavs had been a mistake and privately described himself as a pagan. He is recognised as a pioneer of Polish Native Faith.

Romanticism in Poland
Romanticism in Poland, a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of Polish culture, began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian Empire in 1864.  The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as Positivism.

Polish Romanticism, unlike Romanticism in some other parts of Europe, was not limited to literary and artistic concerns. Due to specific Polish historical circumstances, notably the partitions of Poland, it was also an ideological, philosophical, and political movement that expressed the ideals and way of life of a Polish society subjected to foreign rule and to ethnic and religious discrimination.
Serena Chen
Serena Chen (b. July 16, 1970) is an American social psychologist known for her work on the self and interpersonal relationships. She is Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, and currently serves as Chair of the Psychology Department. Her research utilizes a social-cognition framework, and has been featured in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and other news outlets.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Segmented mirror
A segmented mirror is an array of smaller mirrors designed to act as segments of a single large curved mirror. The segments can be either spherical or asymmetric (if they are part of a larger parabolic reflector). They are used as objectives for large reflecting telescopes. To function, all the mirror segments have to be polished to a precise shape and actively aligned by a computer-controlled active optics system using actuators built into the mirror support cell.

The concept was pioneered by Guido Horn D'Arturo, who built the first working segmented mirror in 1952, after twenty years of research; It was later independently rediscovered and further developed under the leadership of Dr. Jerry Nelson at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California during the 1980s, and since then all the necessary technologies have spread worldwide to the point that essentially all future large optical telescopes plan to use segmented mirrors.

Curved mirror
A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances. Convex mirrors are often used for security and safety in shops and parking lots.
Mike Zimmer (politician)
Mike Zimmer (born 1963/1964) is an education professional and politician who is currently the Iowa State Senator from the 35th district. A member of the Democratic Party, he defeated Republican Kate Whittington in a special election on January 28, 2025, to serve the remainder of Republican Chris Cournoyer's term.

Iowa Senate
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa Senate is the upper house of the Iowa General Assembly. There are 50 seats in the Iowa Senate, representing 50 single-member districts across the state of Iowa with populations of approximately 63,807 per constituency, as of the 2020 United States census. Each Senate district is composed of two House districts. The Senate meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the lower house, the Iowa House of Representatives, senators serve four-year terms, with no term limits. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.
F5ve
F5ve (ファイビー; stylized in lowercase and pronounced "fi-vee"; formerly known as SG5) is a Japanese girl group formed in 2022 by LDH and Three Six Zero. The group consists of Sayaka, Kaede, Ruri, Miyuu, and Rui, with BloodPop serving as their executive producer.

As SG5, the group was based around the Sailor Moon franchise. They released their debut single, "Firetruck", in 2023 before rebranding as F5ve in 2024, when they released the singles "Lettuce" and "Underground", which were featured on their debut studio album Sequence 01 (2025). As of 2024, the group is signed to Three Six Zero Recordings.

Gamma (media company)
Gamma (stylized as gamma. with a full stop) is an American media company founded in 2023 by former Apple executive Larry Jackson and record executive Ike Youssef. Described as a competitor to major labels, the company uses the technology platform Vydia to distribute music directly to streaming services. Jackson founded Gamma with US$1 billion in start-up capital with investment from billionaires including Todd Boehly, with "particular and [acute]" focus on Black culture.

Gamma's initial artists included Usher, Rick Ross, and Snoop Dogg, with Sexyy Red, French Montana, and Kanye West later signing. In addition, the label also distributes older releases for Snoop Dogg and Tha Dogg Pound.