hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Federal Shariah Court verdict on interest system in Pakistan
In 1992, the Federal Shariah Court ordered the abolition of the interest rate system in Pakistan, which was later challenged in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The Supreme Court later referred the decision back to the Federal Shariah Court in 2002 for reconsideration. In its judgment, the Federal Shariah Court declared all legal provisions relating to usury from 1 June 2022 to be non-Shari'a, stating that "interest taken in any case, including debt, falls under the category of usury." And the federal government has been ordered to completely abolish interest rates and implement a usury-free banking system in the country within a period of five years. On 25 June 2022 the State Bank of Pakistan along with four other banks challenged the decision of the Federal Shariah Court against interest in the Supreme Court.

Federal Shariat Court
The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) is a constitutional Islamic religious court of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which has the power to examine and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Sharia law. The court was established in 1980 during the government of the President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. It is located in the federal capital, Islamabad. It hears appeals under the Hudood Ordinances, a religious legislation in the country introduced in 1979.

The Federal Shariat Court is the only authority which holds the constitutional power to prohibit and prevent the enactment of laws which are deemed to be un-Islamic by the parliament of Pakistan. It is predominantly focused on examining new or existing law of Pakistan. If a law violates the Quran, sunnah or hadith, the Shariat Court will prohibit its enactment.

The current chief justice of Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan is Hameedur Rahman.
Joseph Bienvenu Charles Foe-Atangana
Joseph Bienvenu Charles Foe-Atangana MON ChMW (born 6 January 1952) is a Cameroonian career diplomat who served as the Ambassador of Cameroon to the United States from 2008 to 2016. He was dismissed by President Paul Biya and replaced by Henri Étoundi Essomba.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Second government of José Antonio Griñán
The second government of José Antonio Griñán was formed on 7 May 2012 following the latter's election as President of Andalusia by the Parliament of Andalusia on 3 May and his swearing-in on 5 May, as a result of the Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) and United Left (IULV–CA) being able to muster a majority of seats in Parliament following the 2012 Andalusian regional election, despite the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force. It succeeded the first Griñán government and was the Government of Andalusia from 7 May 2012 to 10 September 2013, a total of 491 days, or 1 year, 4 months and 3 days.

The cabinet comprised members of the PSOE–A (including one independent) and IULV–CA, to become the third coalition government ever in Andalusia and the first one comprising IU members. It was automatically dismissed on 27 August 2013 as a consequence of Griñán's resignation as president, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.

Regional Government of Andalusia
The Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31.7 billion euros. It employs about 500,000 workers.
Kenneth Price
Kenneth Price (February 16, 1935 – February 24, 2012) was an American artist who predominantly created ceramic sculpture. He studied at the Chouinard Art Institute and Otis Art Institute (now Otis College of Art and Design) in Los Angeles, before receiving his BFA degree from the University of Southern California in 1956. He continued his studies at Chouinard Art Institute in 1957 and received an MFA degree from New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University in 1959. Kenneth Price studied ceramics with Peter Voulkos at Otis and was awarded a Tamarind Fellowship.

He is best known for his abstract shapes constructed from fired clay.  Typically, they are not glazed, but intricately painted with multiple layers of bright acrylic paint and then sanded down to reveal the colors beneath. Price lived and worked in Venice, California, and Taos, New Mexico.

Chouinard Art Institute
The Chouinard Art Institute was a professional art school founded in 1921 by Nelbert Murphy Chouinard (1879–1969) in the Westlake neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. In 1961, Walt and Roy Disney guided the merger of the Chouinard Art Institute and the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music to establish the California Institute of the Arts. Chouinard continued to operate until the new campus opened in 1970.
Atlantic Boulevard (Los Angeles County)
Atlantic Boulevard is a major north–south thoroughfare in eastern Los Angeles County, California. Extending north from Long Beach to Pasadena, the route is also designated as  Atlantic Avenue between Long Beach and the Bell–Maywood line, and Los Robles Avenue between Alhambra and Pasadena. The street also passes through the cities and communities of Compton, Lynwood, South Gate, Cudahy, Vernon, Commerce, Eastside Los Angeles, East Los Angeles, and Monterey Park.

Alhambra, California
Alhambra (/ælˈhæmbrə/ ⓘ, /ɑːlˈhɑːmbrə/ ⓘ, Spanish pronunciation: [aˈlambɾa] ⓘ; from "Alhambra")  is a city located in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States, approximately 8 miles (13 km) east from the downtown Los Angeles civic center. It was incorporated on July 11, 1903. As of the 2020 census, the population was 82,868. The city's ZIP Codes are 91801 and 91803 (plus 91802 for P.O. boxes).
Kaddi
Kaddi (کڈی) (also known as Kaday or کډے in Pashto) is a  village in the Swabi District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The inhabitants belong to Aba Khel subtribe of Mandanr Yusufzai Pakhtuns who occupy Swabi and Mardan districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. The major khel living in Kaddi include Balar Khel, Taju Khel, Zakarya Khel, Khan Khel and Panj Pao.

Yusufzai
Yusufzai is one of the largest tribes of Pashtuns. They are natively based in the northern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Malakand, Dir, Swat, Shangla, Buner, Swabi, Mardan, Bajaur, Peshawar, Tor Ghar), to which they migrated from Kabul during the 16th century, but they are also present in parts of Afghanistan, including Kunar, Kabul, Kandahar and Farah. Outside of these countries, they can be found in Ghoriwala, Bannu (Mughal Khel), Sibi (Akazai), Chagai (Hassanzai) and Rohilkhand. Most Yusufzais speak a northern variety of Pashto and some southern variety of Pashto, most prominent among the Mughal Khel branch, as well as Urdu and Dari as second languages.
Taj Jones
Taj Jones (born 26 July 2000) is an Australian cyclist, who most recently rode for UCI ProTeam Israel–Premier Tech.

For the 2021 season, Jones joined Israel Cycling Academy for the first part of the season, and on 1 July joined the Israel Start-Up Nation team thereafter – signing a contract until the end of the 2023 season.

NSN Cycling Team
The NSN Cycling Team (UCI team code: NSN) is a UCI WorldTeam cycling team. It was originally founded in 2014 by Ron Baron and Ran Margaliot as Cycling Academy and was based in Israel. It started as a Continental outfit to help develop young cycling talent and kickstart their professional careers. Under the names of Israel Start-Up Nation and Israel–Premier Tech, the team competed as a UCI World Tour squad from 2020 to 2022 before being relegated to the UCI ProTeam at the end of the 2022 season. At the time, the team and its riders were subject to disruptions by protestors over the Gaza War and accused of sportswashing.

In November 2025, it was announced that the team would go through a rebrand and be renamed to NSN Cycling Team for the 2026 cycling season. The team rides under a Swiss license and is based in Spain and competes in the World Tour.
Prashanti Express
The 18463 / 18464 Prashanti Express is a daily train that runs between Bhubaneswar and KSR Bengaluru which used to run between Visakhapatnam and KSR Bengaluru previously. It leaves Bhubaneswar railway station at 05:40 a.m and reaches KSR Bengaluru the next day at 11:45 a.m. The duration of journey is approximately 30 hours. It operates as train number 18463 from Bhubaneswar to KSR Bengaluru and as train number 18464 between KSR Bengaluru and Bhubaneswar. Its previous number was 18563 and 18564.

This train belongs to East Coast Railway zone of Indian Railways, having primary maintenance at Bhubaneswar.

This is the best train to travel from Bhubaneswar to Visakhapatnam, Rajahmundry, Vijayawada and Guntakal due to its cleanliness, punctuality and superfast speed.

However, when it enters SWR Zone (South Western Railway zone), it is being delayed, particularly in Bengaluru suburbs.

Bengaluru City railway station
Bengaluru City Railway Station, officially Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna Bengaluru Station pronunciationⓘ, also known as Bangalore City Railway Station, KSR Bengaluru Station, or Majestic Railway station (station code: SBC), is the main railway station of Bengaluru, serving the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. It is the busiest railway station in the South Western Railway zone of Indian Railways, and is the only NSG1 category railway station in the South Western zone.

It is located across the Kempegowda Bus Station. The station has 10 platforms and three entrances.
Bocade Glebe
Bocade Glebe (Irish and English derived place name, 'Both Céad' meaning 'The Hut of the Land Division' and Glebe meaning 'Land for the Upkeep of the Church'.) is a townland in the civil parish of Kildallan, barony of Tullyhunco, County Cavan, Ireland.

County Cavan
County Cavan (/ˈkævən/ KAV-ən; Irish: Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Cavan and is based on the historic Gaelic territory of East Breffny (Bréifne). Cavan County Council is the local authority for the county, which had a population of 81,704 at the 2022 census.
Jean Ranc
Jean Ranc (28 January 1674 – 1 July 1735) was a French painter, mainly active in portraiture. He trained under his father Antoine Ranc and his father's former student Hyacinthe Rigaud and served in the courts of Louis XV of France, Philip V of Spain, and John V of Portugal.

Jean-Marc Nattier
Jean-Marc Nattier (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ maʁk natje]; 17 March 1685 – 7 November 1766) was a French painter. He was born in Paris, the second son of Marc Nattier (1642–1705), a portrait painter, and of Marie Courtois (1655–1703), a miniaturist. He is noted for his portraits of the ladies of Louis XV's court in classical mythological attire.
Moscow City Duma District 43
Moscow City Duma District 43 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers parts of Central and North-Western Moscow. Government of Russia is located within district's boundaries.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Svetlana Akulova, a Moscow Zoo director, who succeeded retiring one-term My Moscow incumbent Roman Babayan after Babayan was redistricted there from District 5.

Central Administrative Okrug
Central Administrative Okrug, or Tsentralny Administrativny Okrug (Russian: Центра́льный администрати́вный о́круг, Tsentralny administrativny okrug), is one of the twelve administrative okrugs of Moscow, Russia. Population: 772,258 (2021 census); 741,967 (2010 census); 701,353 (2002 census); . It is the core of the city that includes its oldest, historical parts: Kremlin and the former Bely Gorod and Zemlyanoy Gorod; with certain churches and fortifications as old as from the 14th to 15th century. It is also the site of Russia's highest government institutions, such as the Government house, the State Duma, the Federation Council, and most ministries. A large part of the territory is occupied by office buildings, especially in the "Moscow-City" business district on the west side of the Okrug.
Constand Viljoen
General Constand Laubscher Viljoen SSA SD SOE SM MMM (28 October 1933 – 3 April 2020) was a South African Army officer and politician. He co-founded the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front) and later founded the Freedom Front (which in turn merged into the Freedom Front Plus before the 2004 election).

Southern Cross Medal (1952)
The Southern Cross Medal of 1952, post-nominal letters SM, is a South African military decoration which was instituted by the Union of South Africa in 1952. It was awarded for outstanding devotion to duty and was originally available to all ranks, but from 1967 until July 1975, when it was discontinued, it was reserved for officers.
David Murphy (footballer, born 1984)
David Paul Murphy (born 1 March 1984) is an English former professional footballer who made more than 200 appearances in the English and Scottish Leagues. Born in Hartlepool, County Durham, Murphy played as a left back.

Murphy started his professional career at Premier League side Middlesbrough in 2001, and remained at the club for three years, making sixteen appearances. During his time at Middlesbrough, he also had a loan spell with Division Two side Barnsley in 2004, where he made ten appearances. He left Middlesbrough for Scottish Premier League side Hibernian in the summer of 2004, and made 134 appearances for the club, before signing for Birmingham City in January 2008. He played 132 matches for the club in all competitions, and was an unused substitute as they won the 2011 League Cup Final, but his six-year stay was blighted by injuries, and he retired from football on medical advice in March 2014.

He played several times for England at under-16 level.

England national under-16 football team
England national under-16 football team, also known as England under-16s or England U16(s), represents England in association football at an under-16 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.
R104 (South Africa)
The R104 is a regional route in South Africa that is the designation for some of the old sections of roads that were previously the N4, prior to upgrading. It connects Rustenburg in the North West province with eMalahleni in Mpumalanga province via Mooinooi, Hartbeespoort, Pretoria and Bronkhorstspruit. There are two additional sections in Mpumalanga province: a 50km section connecting Middelburg and Wonderfontein and a 17km section passing through Mbombela.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Budzyń concentration camp
Budzyń concentration camp was a forced labor and concentration camp built and operated by the SS of Nazi Germany between the Spring of 1942 and June/July 1944. It was located in the industrial district of Kraśnik, Poland, in the Lublin District of the General Government territory of German-occupied Poland. Budzyń began as a sub-camp of the Majdanek concentration camp, but became an independent concentration camp in October 1943 after the deportation of over 1,000 Jews after the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

At its peak, over 3,000 prisoners were forced laborers at the camp, working in military factories such as the Heinkel aircraft factory, or conducting manual labor.

Forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery, penal labour, and the corresponding institutions, such as debt slavery, serfdom, corvée and labour camps.
Pittwater House School
The Pittwater House School, commonly called Pittwater House, is an independent non-denominational co-educational Pre-Kindy, primary and secondary day school, located in Collaroy, on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school is relatively unique in providing single-sex education to both boys and girls in both primary and secondary school settings, on the one co-educational campus.

Northern Beaches
The Northern Beaches is a region within Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, near the Pacific coast. This area extends south to the entrance of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), west to Middle Harbour and north to the entrance of Broken Bay. The area was formerly inhabited by the Garigal or Caregal people in a region known as Guringai country.

The Northern Beaches district is governed on a local level by the Northern Beaches Council, which was formed in May 2016 from Warringah Council (est. 1906), Manly Council (est. 1877), and Pittwater Council (est. 1992).
HMCS Barrie
HMCS Barrie was a Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. The ship was constructed by  Collingwood Shipyards Ltd. at Collingwood, Ontario, laid down on 4 April 1940. The ship was launched on 23 November 1940 and commissioned on 12 May 1941.  The corvette was named for the city of Barrie, Ontario. Barrie served primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. Following the war, Barrie was sold to Argentinian commercial interests which converted the corvette to a cargo ship and renamed the vessel Gasestado. In 1957, Gasestado was acquired by the Argentinian Navy and converted to a survey ship and renamed ARA Capitán Cánepa. The Argentinian Navy discarded the ship in 1972.

Collingwood Shipbuilding
44°30′15.2″N 80°13′4.7″W﻿ / ﻿44.504222°N 80.217972°W﻿ / 44.504222; -80.217972

Collingwood Shipbuilding was a major Canadian shipbuilder of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The facility was located in the Great Lakes and saw its business peak during the Second World War. The shipyard primarily constructed lake freighters for service on the Great Lakes but also constructed warships during the Second World War and government ships postwar. The shipyard was closed permanently in 1986 and the land was redeveloped into a new housing community.
Bemidji State Beavers football
The Bemidji State Beavers football team represents Bemidji State University, located in Bemidji, Minnesota college football. The Beavers, who began playing football in 1926, currently compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) at the NCAA Division II level. Bemidji State's home games are played at Chet Anderson Stadium.

Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference
The Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level, which operates in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Nine of its members are in Minnesota, with three members in South Dakota, three members in North Dakota, and one member in Nebraska. It was founded in 1932. With the recent NSIC expansion, the original six member schools have been reunited.

The conference sponsors 18 sports; ten for women and eight for men. Both men and women compete in basketball, cross country, golf, and indoor and outdoor track and field. Men compete in baseball, football, and wrestling. Women compete in soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, and volleyball. The NSIC is the only Division II conference that sponsors soccer for women but not men (two other D-II conferences do not sponsor soccer for either sex).
Sallie Permar
Sallie Robey Permar is the pediatrician-in-chief at NewYork-Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical Center and the chair of the Department of Pediatrics at Weill Cornell Medicine. Her research focuses on infections affecting newborns.

Weill Cornell Medical Center
Weill Cornell Medical Center (/waɪl/; previously known as New York Hospital, Old New York Hospital, and City Hospital) is a research hospital in New York City. It is the teaching hospital for Cornell University's medical school and is part of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.

The hospital was founded in 1771 with a charter from George III. It is the second-oldest hospital in New York City and third-oldest hospital in the United States. Since 1912, it has been the main teaching hospital for Weill Cornell Medicine, the biomedical research unit and medical school of Cornell University.

Weill Cornell is located on East 68th Street and York Avenue on the Upper East Side of New York City. Prior to moving there in 1932, it was located on Broadway between Duane Street and Anthony Street on present-day Worth Street. In 1998, New York Hospital merged with Presbyterian Hospital to form NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.
Dave Ryding
David Ryding (born 5 December 1986) is a retired English World Cup alpine ski racer who specialised in slalom. Widely considered to be the greatest British skier of all time, he competed for Great Britain in five Olympics, nine World Championships, and won the Europa Cup Slalom Series in 2013. Ryding's best World Cup result was a victory in the 2022 Kitzbühel slalom, the first victory for any British athlete at that level in Alpine skiing.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Kristian Ghedina
Kristian Ghedina (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkristjaŋ ɡeˈdiːna]; born 20 November 1969) is an Italian alpine skiing coach and former competitive racer. His 13 victories are the second most by an Italian downhill specialist in World Cup history: the first is Dominik Paris with 21 victories. He is currently an auto racer.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Tariq Aziz (TV personality)
Tariq Aziz (Punjabi, Urdu: طارق عزیز; 28 April 1936 – 17 June 2020) was a  Pakistani television host, poet, film actor, and politician known for PTV's quiz show  Nilaam Ghar, first aired in 1974, later renamed the Tariq Aziz Show and later still as Bazm-e-Tariq Aziz. He was known for his iconic line "Dekhti Aankho, Sunte Kaano aapko Tariq Aziz ka Salam pohnchay" (Urdu: دیکھتی آنکھوں، سنتے کانوں آپ کو طارق عزیز کا سلام پہنچے) and his passionate, peculiar style of uttering the patriotic slogan Pakistan Zindabad (Urdu: پاکستان زندہ باد).

He was the first face to appear on television in Pakistan. He had also been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan between 1997 and 1999.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.