hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reflectance
The reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected at the boundary. Reflectance is a component of the response of the electronic structure of the material to the electromagnetic field of light, and is in general a function of the frequency, or wavelength, of the light, its polarization, and the angle of incidence. The dependence of reflectance on the wavelength is called a reflectance spectrum or spectral reflectance curve.

Radiant flux
In radiometry, radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiant flux is the watt (W), one joule per second (J/s), while that of spectral flux in frequency is the watt per hertz (W/Hz) and that of spectral flux in wavelength is the watt per metre (W/m)—commonly the watt per nanometre (W/nm).
Hock (anatomy)
The hock, tarsus or uncommonly gambrel, is the region formed by the tarsal bones connecting the tibia and metatarsus of a digitigrade or unguligrade quadrupedal mammal, such as a horse, cat, or dog.   This joint may include articulations between tarsal bones and the fibula in some species (such as cats), while in others the fibula has been greatly reduced and is only found as a vestigial remnant fused to the distal portion of the tibia (as in horses). It is the anatomical homologue of the ankle of the human foot.  While homologous joints occur in other tetrapods, the term is generally restricted to mammals, particularly long-legged domesticated species.

Tarsus (skeleton)
In the human body, the tarsus (pl.: tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus. It is made up of the midfoot (cuboid, medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, and navicular) and hindfoot (talus and calcaneus).

The tarsus articulates with the bones of the metatarsus, which in turn articulate with the proximal phalanges of the toes. The joint between the tibia and fibula above and the tarsus below is referred to as the ankle joint proper.

In humans the largest bone in the tarsus is the calcaneus, which is the weight-bearing bone within the heel of the foot.
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art
The Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art (RLAHA) is a laboratory at the University of Oxford, England which develops and applies scientific methods to the study of the past. It was established in 1955 and its first director was Teddy Hall. The first deputy director was Dr Stuart Young, who was followed by Martin Aitken in 1957. After many years of de facto association with the Institute of Archaeology, in 2000 it was jointly brought under the single departmental umbrella of School of Archaeology.

The laboratory includes the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), which carries out radiocarbon dating using an accelerator mass spectrometer. The Laboratory publishes the journal Archaeometry, and hosts a chair named for its first director, Edward Hall Professorship in Archaeological Science, and a seminar series named for Martin Aitkin.

The Laboratory is currently directed by Professor Mark Pollard.

Martin Aitken
Martin Jim Aitken FRS (11 March 1922 – 13 June 2017) was a British archaeometrist.

Aitken was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, and studied physics at Wadham College, Oxford. He was a fellow of Linacre College, Oxford. He was Professor of Archaeometry at the University of Oxford from 1985 until he retired in 1989.

Aitken organised annual meetings which became the Symposium on Archaeometry and Archaeological Prospection". He had an interest in absolute dating: radiocarbon dating from 1957, thermoluminescence dating from the 1960s, and later helped develop optically stimulated luminescence as a dating method dating.

He died in June 2017 at the age of 95.
Mercedes Concepcion
Mercedes B. Concepcion (born June 10, 1928) is a Filipino social scientist who was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 2010. Concepcion was also dubbed the "Mother of Asian Demography" because of her contributions in population studies and policy within the region. In 2002, she was named the "First Filipino Demographer" by the Philippine American Foundation. A few years later, she won the 2005 United Nations Population Award for her outstanding work in population studies on social and economic development, urbanization, and public health and welfare. Concepcion is currently the Vice President of the Executive Council of the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) and is a Trustee for both the Philippine Center for Population and Development (PCPD) and Foundation for Adolescent Development, among several other roles.

National Scientist of the Philippines
The Order of National Scientists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Agham ng Pilipinas), abbreviated as ONS, is the highest award accorded to Filipino scientists by the Philippine government. Members of the order are known as National Scientists.

The award was created on December 16, 1976, by President Ferdinand Marcos through Presidential Decree Nos. 1003 and 1003-A, which also created the National Academy of Science and Technology. For the purposes of the law, a scientist is defined as "an individual who has earned a doctoral degree in any field of the sciences" and "has demonstrated and earned distinction in independent research or significant innovative achievement in the basic and applied sciences, including agricultural, engineering, and medical sciences, in mathematics and in the social sciences as manifested by published works in recognized scientific and technical journals." It was elevated to the status of order in 2003.
Oensingen railway station
Oensingen railway station (German: Bahnhof Oensingen) is a railway station in the municipality of Oensingen, in the Swiss canton of Solothurn. The station is a keilbahnhof. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Jura Foot line of Swiss Federal Railways and Oensingen–Balsthal line of Oensingen-Balsthal-Bahn. It is also a terminus of the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge Langenthal–Oensingen line of Aare Seeland mobil.

Aare Seeland mobil
The Aare Seeland mobil AG (branded asm or asmobil) based in Langenthal is a transport company in Switzerland. It was created in 1999 from the merger of Oberaargau Regional Transport (Regionalverkehr Oberaargau; RVO), the Solothurn-Niederbipp Railway (Solothurn-Niederbipp-Bahn; SNB), the Biel-Täuffelen-Ins Railway (Biel-Täuffelen-Ins-Bahn; BTI) and the Oberaargauische Automobilkurse (a bus company; OAK).
2013 RF98
2013 RF98 is a trans-Neptunian object. It was discovered on September 12, 2013, at Cerro Tololo-DECam.

It is part of the evidence for the Planet Nine hypothesis because it shares a similar argument of perihelion with other potentially shepherded TNOs.

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an astronomical observatory located on the summit of Mt. Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Mt. Cerro Pachón about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of La Serena, where support facilities are located. 
The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón. Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT, WHAM, and LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research.
Peter Collins (New South Wales politician)
Captain Peter Edward James Collins, AM, RFD, KC, RANR (born 10 May 1947) is a former Australian politician who served as the Leader of the Opposition in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 4 April 1995 to 8 December 1998. He was a member of the Liberal party.

Royal Australian Naval Reserve
The Royal Australian Naval Reserve (RANR) is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal Australian Navy in Australia.

The current Royal Australian Naval Reserve was formed in June 1973 by merging the former RANR (Seagoing) and the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve.
Michael Bowden (baseball)
Michael Matthew Bowden (born September 9, 1986) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs, in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) with the Saitama Seibu Lions, and in the KBO League for the Doosan Bears. He attended high school at Waubonsie Valley High School in Aurora, Illinois. He was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the first round of the 2005 MLB draft.

Saitama Seibu Lions
The Saitama Seibu Lions (埼玉西武ライオンズ, Saitama Seibu Raionzu) are a professional baseball team in Japan's Pacific League based north of Tokyo in Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture. Before 1979, they were based in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, in Kyushu. The team is owned by a subsidiary of Seibu Railway, which in turn is owned by the Seibu Holdings. The team experienced a recent period of financial difficulty, but the situation brightened when the team received a record ¥6 billion (about $51.11 million) posting fee from the Boston Red Sox for the right to negotiate a contract with Daisuke Matsuzaka. Between 1978 and 2008, the team logo and mascot were based on the adult version of Kimba the White Lion, a classic Japanese anime and manga series by Osamu Tezuka. In 2004, former Seibu Lions player Kazuo Matsui became the first Japanese infielder to play in Major League Baseball.
Bonedriven
"Bonedriven" is a song by the British rock band Bush, released in October 1997. It is the third single from the band's second album Razorblade Suitcase (1996). It followed the band's hit singles "Swallowed" and "Greedy Fly." "Bonedriven" and "Cold Contagious" are the only Bush singles from 1994–1999 not to be included on the band's 2005 greatest hits compilation, The Best of '94–'99, apparently excluded in favor of two additional tracks from the band's remix album Deconstructed that were not released as singles.

Bush (British band)
Bush are  an English rock band formed in London in 1992. As of 2025, their lineup consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Gavin Rossdale, lead guitarist Chris Traynor, bassist Corey Britz, and drummer Nik Hughes.

In 1994, Bush found immediate success outside the UK with the release of their debut album, Sixteen Stone, which is certified six times multi-platinum by the RIAA. Bush have had numerous top ten singles on the Billboard rock charts and one No. 1 album with Razorblade Suitcase in 1996. The band broke up in 2002 but reformed in 2010, and have released six albums since then: The Sea of Memories (2011), Man on the Run (2014), Black and White Rainbows (2017), The Kingdom (2020), The Art of Survival (2022) and I Beat Loneliness (2025).

Writers at 106.3 The Buzz consider Bush one of the "Big Four" of post-grunge.
Lamoille Canyon Road
Lamoille Canyon Road, also known as Lamoille Canyon Scenic Byway, is a 12-mile-long (19 km) National Forest Scenic Byway in Elko County, Nevada, in the western United States. The road traverses Lamoille Canyon in the Ruby Mountains of northeastern Nevada, and it is administered by the Ruby Mountains Ranger District of the Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest.

Elko County, Nevada
Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,702. Its county seat is Elko. The county was established on March 5, 1869, from Lander County. Elko County is the fourth-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, ranking lower when the boroughs of Alaska are included. It is one of only 10 counties in the U.S. with more than 10,000 square miles (25,900 km2) of area. Elko County is the second-largest county by area in Nevada, with only Nye County being larger. Elko County is part of the Elko micropolitan statistical area. It contains 49.8 percent of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, set up in the late 19th century for the Shoshone-Paiute peoples; they are a federally recognized tribe. Although slightly more than 50% of the reservation is across the border in Owyhee County, Idaho, the majority of tribal members live on the Nevada side. The reservation's land area is 450.391 square miles (1,166.5 km2).
WXMS-LP
WXMS-LP (channel 27) was a low-power television station in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, which was last affiliated with MeTV. It was owned by American Spirit Media as a sister station to Fox affiliate WDBD (channel 40), and operated by Raycom Media, then-owner of NBC affiliate WLBT (channel 3).

WLBT
WLBT (channel 3) is a television station in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by Gray Media, which also operates American Spirit Media–owned Fox affiliate WDBD (channel 40) and Vicksburg-licensed MyNetworkTV outlet WLOO (channel 35) under shared services agreements (SSAs). WLOO's license is owned by Tougaloo College, with American Spirit actually operating the station through a separate joint sales agreement (JSA); in turn, Gray provides WLOO with limited engineering support. The three stations share studios on South Jefferson Street in downtown Jackson; WLBT's transmitter is located on Thigpen Road southeast of Raymond, Mississippi.

Originally a pro-segregationist station, in 1969, it became the first station stripped of its right to broadcast for failing to serve the public interest. It was then relaunched under different ownership, becoming a pioneer in racial equality among Southern broadcasters.
Charles River Natural Valley Storage Area
The Charles River Natural Valley Storage Area comprises over 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of protected land in the middle and upper watershed of the Charles River in eastern Massachusetts in the United States.  The lands were acquired by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and are managed by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife.  The project's field office is located at West Hill Dam.

Charles River
The Charles River (Massachusett: Quinobequin), sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles, is an 80-mile-long (129 km) river in eastern Massachusetts. It flows northeast from Hopkinton to Boston along a meandering route which doubles back on itself several times and travels through 23 cities and towns before reaching the Atlantic Ocean.
Andy Carswell
Andrew Gordon Carswell AFC (29 May 1923 – 25 July 2021) was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Avro Lancaster pilot who was shot down near Berlin on his fourth mission in 1943. After returning to Canada after the war, he rejoined the RCAF in 1948 as a search and rescue pilot flying Consolidated Canso flying boats off the coast of British Columbia. During this time he was involved in two famous rescues, including one in 1956 that won him the Air Force Cross which was presented personally by Elizabeth II. He later joined the Ministry of Transport and prepared a 1977 report on the shockingly poor quality of service and training of bush plane pilots operating in northern Ontario. The report led to the reformation of the Ministry's inspection bureaus and, ultimately, the formation of the Transportation Safety Board of Canada.

Consolidated PBY Catalina
The Consolidated Model 28, more commonly known as the PBY Catalina (U.S. Navy designation), is an American flying boat and amphibious aircraft designed by Consolidated Aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. In U.S. Army service, it was designated as the OA-10 and in Canadian service as the Canso, and it later received the NATO reporting name Mop. It was one of the most widely used seaplanes of World War II. Catalinas served with every branch of the United States Armed Forces and in the air forces and navies of many other nations.  The last military PBYs served until the 1980s.
Bear Creek Forest
Bear Creek Educational Forest is a park in Gadsden County, Florida, part of Lake Talquin State Forest. It is located south of Quincy, Florida off SR 267, and is 30 minutes from Tallahassee. It has a classroom, picnic area, restrooms, and trails; educational programs are offered. Among its flora are mountain laurel, rhododendron, partridge berry, trillium, spruce pine, loblolly pine, beech, chestnut oak, sparkleberry, buckeye, and yaupon, as well as an ancient American holly.

Before 1990 it was a nature park. In 2015 a ten-year anniversary celebration was planned for Bear Creek Educational Forest.

Lake Talquin
Lake Talquin is a reservoir located on the Ochlockonee River between Leon County and Gadsden County in north Florida. The lake, located about 10 miles (15 km) west of Tallahassee, is south of Interstate 10 and bordered by State Road 20 on the east and State Road 267 on the west.

The lake was created by the construction of the C. H. Corn Hydroelectric Generating Station, and used for the generation of hydroelectric power. The name Talquin is a contraction of the names of the two cities the lake lies between, Tallahassee and Quincy.

Lake Talquin State Forest includes several tracts of land along the lake's shoreline.
Dendrochytridium
Dendrochytridium is a fungal genus in the order Chytridiales. It is monotypic, meaning it contains only one saprobic species, Dendrochytridium crassum, isolated from detritus collected from an Australian tree canopy. Both the genus and species were described as new to science in 2013. Phylogenetically, Dendrochytridium crassum is grouped in a clade with other fungi that possess Group II-type zoospores. These fungi include representatives from the genera Chytridium, Phlyctochytrium, Chytriomyces, and Polyphlyctis, all of which are classified in the family Chytridiaceae.

The generic name combines dendro (derived from Greek, meaning "tree"), which refers to the origin of the first collection, and Chytridium, the type genus of the order Chytridiales. The specific epithet crassum is Latin for "broad," referring to the broad rhizoids observed in this species.

Chytridium
Chytridium is a genus of fungi in the family Chytridiaceae.

With the culture and characterization of Chytridium olla, the type species of the order, the limits of the Chytridiales were established.

Names brought to synonymy

Chytridium (Olpidium) Braun 1856, a synonym for Olpidium
South Bihar Express
The 13287 / 13288 South Bihar Express is an express train belonging to East Central Railway zone that runs between Durg Junction and Ara Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 13287/13288 train numbers on a daily basis.

Ara Junction railway station
Ara Junction railway station (station code: ARA), is a railway station serving the city of Arrah in the Bhojpur district in the Indian state of Bihar. The Ara Junction railway station is well connected to most of the major cities in India by the railway network. It lies in between Buxar and Patna on Patna-Mughalsarai section of Howrah-Patna-Delhi main line which serves it with numerous trains. The Ara Bus Station is around 3 KM from the railway station.

Arrah is well connected to Patna, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Kanpur, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Siliguri, Lucknow, Agra, Prayagraj, Varansi, Bhopal, Jaipur, Surat, Kota, Katihar, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Secunderabad, Guwahati, Ranchi, Jammu and Kashmir, Ajmer, Goa, Ernakulam, Anand Vihar Terminal, Jhansi, Jodhpur, Haridwar, Mysuru, Dibrugarh and other cities of India.
Bentall Centre, Kingston upon Thames
The Bentall Centre is a large shopping centre in Kingston upon Thames, Greater London, England, which opened in 1992. It has been built in the retail space of Bentalls department store, first established on the site in 1867. Bentalls retained a large, premium department store in the development which has since been rebranded to Fenwick. The centre is located adjacent to John Lewis Kingston, as well as the historic market town centre. There are 75 stores within the centre.

Bentalls
Bentalls was a British department store chain based in Kingston upon Thames.
The well regarded department store began as a drapery shop, founded by Frank Bentall in 1867.
The business expanded significantly throughout the 20th century and operated a group of department stores in southern England. 
The company was formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange, but in 2001 was purchased by the private Fenwick group. The Kingston upon Thames store continued to trade under the Bentalls name until 2023, when it was renamed Fenwick.
Poland Covered Bridge
The Poland Covered Bridge, also known as the Junction Covered Bridge or the Cambridge Junction Covered Bridge, is a covered bridge that carries Cambridge Junction Road across the Lamoille River off State Route 15 in Cambridge, Vermont.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.  The bridge is of Burr arch design, built by George W. Holmes in 1887.

Vermont Route 15
Vermont Route 15 (VT 15) is a 68.957-mile-long (110.976 km) east–west state highway in northern Vermont, United States. Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 2 (US 2) and US 7 in Winooski and its eastern terminus is at US 2 in Danville. It is known as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway, a designation shared nationally with U.S. Route 6.

Its numbering originates from when it was part of New England Interstate Route 15 in the 1920s. Most of New England Route 15 is now U.S. Route 2 (from Danville, Vermont to Houlton, Maine).

Vermont Route 15A is a spur route of VT 15 into the village of Morrisville. VT 15A begins at VT 15 and ends at VT 100.
Garva Palace
Garva Palace (Nepali: गर्भा दरबार) is a historical site located in Chure Rural Municipality in Kailali district of western Nepal. Currently, the palace is in derelict condition due to lack of necessary conservation. The palace is spread over 10 Ropanis of land.

Kailali District
Kailali District (Nepali: कैलाली जिल्लाListenⓘ), a part of Sudurpashchim Province in Terai plain, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhangadhi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 3,235 square kilometres (1,249 sq mi) and has a population of 911,155 (2021 census) and (775,709 in 2011 census), (616,697 in 2001 census).

Before the reunification of Nepal by Gorkha King Prithivi Narayan Shah, this district was part of the Doti Kingdom. Nepal lost it to the East India Company after the Anglo-Nepalese war (1814-1816) between the then Kingdom of Nepal and the East India Company followed by territorial concessions under the Sugauli Treaty. Later on after the treaty of 1860, Nepal recovered this land along with Kanchanpur, Banke and Bardiya.