hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamunyera Hambyuka
Julius Hamunyera Hambyuka (born 25 March 1966) is a Namibian politician who has served as a Member of the National Assembly of Namibia since March 2015. A member of the ruling SWAPO party, he was appointed the Government Chief Whip of the National Assembly in March 2020.

National Assembly (Namibia)
The National Assembly is the lower chamber of Namibia's bicameral Parliament. Its laws must be approved by the National Council, the upper house. Since 2014, it has a total of 104 members. 96 members are directly elected through a system of closed list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Eight additional members are appointed by the President. Since March 2025, SWAPO member Saara Kuugongelwa has been the Speaker of the National Assembly.

Namibia's National Assembly emerged on Independence Day on 21 March 1990 from the Constituent Assembly of Namibia, following the elections of November 1989. That election, under guidelines established by the United Nations, included foreign observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election process. The current National Assembly was formed following elections on 27 November 2024.
Debub Ari (woreda)
Debub Ari is a district of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region in Ethiopia.

This is one of the 9 districts in the South Omo Zone. It is the nearest to the capital of the zone, Jinka. The capital of the woreda, Gazer, is 17 km away from Jinka.

The district has a total of 50 kebeles, and a total population of 168,225, which is about 35% of the zone population. The distance of these kebeles from Jinka town ranges from 4 to 83 km, with an average distance of 37 km. Of all kebeles, only 24 (48%) are accessible by car using dry weather roads. In this woreda, there is one indigenous ethnic community called Ari with its own language and culture. All the communities are settled farmers.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla
Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla is one of the nine comarcas of the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain. It contains the capital of the province, Seville, as well other municipalities that form a conurbation around it. This comarca was established in 2003 by the Government of Andalusia.

Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla shares borders with other six comarcas: Campiña de Carmona, Campiña de Morón y Marchena, and Bajo Guadalquivir to the east; Costa Noroeste de Cádiz to the south; El Aljarafe to the west; and Sierra Norte de Sevilla and Vega del Guadalquivir to the north.

Regional Government of Andalusia
The Regional Government of Andalusia (Spanish: Junta de Andalucía) is the government of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. It consists of the Parliament, the President of the Regional Government and the Government Council. The 2011 budget was 31.7 billion euros. It employs about 500,000 workers.
St. Nicholas GFC
St. Nicholas GFC is a Gaelic Football club located in Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. Based in Rathmullan in the south-west of the town, it takes its players from Holy Family Parish and fields teams in competitions organised by Louth GAA.

Founded in 1976, St. Nicholas is one of two Gaelic Football clubs from the south side of Drogheda, together with Wolfe Tones. 
As of 2023, the club competes in the Louth Junior Championship and Division 3A of the county football Leagues.
John "Mexican" Culligan is the current manager of the club's senior team as of 2024, joined by selectors Karl O'Connor and Brian Lynch. Lee Kavanagh is the current club captain.

Louth Junior Football Championship
The Louth Junior Football Championship is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition, organised by Louth GAA and contested by the junior One/A grade Gaelic football clubs in County Louth, Ireland. The winner qualifies to represent the county in the Leinster Junior Club Football Championship, the winner of which then progresses to represent Leinster in the All-Ireland Junior Club Football Championship.
Kogswell Cycles
Kogswell Cycles, Inc. was a small bicycle frame company with its headquarters in El Dorado Hills, California. Kogswell frames were designed in the United States and manufactured in Taiwan. Kogswell frames often ran counter to mainstream bicycle industry trends.  According to Biking.com, Kogswell "focuses on creating bicycle frames that lean more towards utilitarian design rather than speed and rough roading."

Customers purchased Kogswell framesets directly from the company, or through a small network of authorized dealers throughout the United States.

Kogswell Cycles has not produced any products since it moved its headquarters to California in 2009.

Bicycle frame
A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles: a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do by combining different materials and shapes.
2001 Santana High School shooting
On March 5, 2001, a school shooting occurred at Santana High School in Santee, California, United States. The gunman, 15-year-old Charles Andrew Williams, opened fire with an eight-shot .22-caliber revolver, killing two students and wounding 13 others. Williams was then apprehended by responding police officers and convicted. He is currently serving 50 years to life in prison.

.22 long rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, also known as the .22 LR or 5.7×15mmR, is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns.  It is a well-established small game round, but is not typically used for hunting larger game as it lacks the necessary stopping power.

In terms of quantities sold, the .22 Long Rifle is by far the most common ammunition that is currently manufactured and sold in the world. Common uses include hunting and shooting sports. Ammunition produced in .22 Long Rifle is effective at short ranges, has little recoil, and is inexpensive to purchase, making it ideal for plinking and marksmanship training.
John Fowler (politician)
John Fowler (April 27, 1756 – August 22, 1840) was an American planter and political leader in Virginia and Kentucky. After serving in the American Revolutionary War, Fowler became an early settler and civic leader in Lexington, Kentucky. A Jeffersonian Democrat, he variously represented Fayette County and nearby Woodford County in the Virginia House of Delegates and the Virginia Ratifying Convention before Kentucky's statehood, then became a Democratic-Republican member of the United States House of Representatives and served from 1797 to 1807.

Woodford County, Kentucky
Woodford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,871. Its county seat is Versailles. The area was home to Pisgah Academy. Woodford County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the center of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky.
Artificial planet
An artificial planet (also planetary replica and replica planet) is a proposed circumstellar megastructure with sufficient mass to generate its own gravity field strong enough to prevent atmosphere from escaping, though the term has sometimes been used to describe other types of megastructures with self-sufficient ecosystems. The concept of an artificial planet appears in many works of science fiction.

Atmospheric escape
Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space. A number of different mechanisms can be responsible for atmospheric escape; these processes can be divided into thermal escape, non-thermal (or suprathermal) escape, and impact erosion. The relative importance of each loss process depends on the planet's escape velocity, its atmosphere composition, and its distance from its star. Escape occurs when molecular kinetic energy overcomes gravitational energy; in other words, a molecule can escape when it is moving faster than the escape velocity of its planet. Categorizing the rate of atmospheric escape in exoplanets is necessary to determining whether an atmosphere persists, and so the exoplanet's habitability and likelihood of life.
2007 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I – play-offs
The play-offs of the 2007 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I were the final stages of the group I zonal competition involving teams from the Americas. Using the positions determined in their pools, the seven teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2007 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group I. The team that ended up placing first overall advanced to World Group II play-offs, whilst those coming in sixth and seventh were relegated down to Group II for the next year.

2007 Fed Cup World Group II play-offs
The 2007 World Group II play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group II and four nations from the three Zonal Group I competitions. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2008 World Group II, while losing nations joined their respective zonal groups.
Now That I Found You (Carly Rae Jepsen song)
"Now That I Found You" is a song by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen. It was released as a double A-side single with "No Drug Like Me" on February 27, 2019 by 604, School Boy and Interscope Records, as the second advance single from Jepsen's fourth studio album, Dedicated. "Now That I Found You" was written by Jepsen, Ben Berger, Ryan McMahon, Ryan Rabin and Alexander O'Neill, while production was handled by Captain Cuts and Ayokay. According to Jepsen, "Now That I Found You" and "No Drug Like Me" are about "the giddy sugar rush of opening up to new love" and they "go thematically hand-in-hand".

Captain Cuts
Captain Cuts is a songwriting, record production and remix team based in Los Angeles. The duo is composed of Ben Berger and Ryan Rabin (also formerly drummer and producer of the band Grouplove), but they also included Ryan McMahon. Collectively they have produced and co-written songs for artists such as Walk the Moon ("Shut Up and Dance"), Bebe Rexha ("I Got You"), Halsey, The Chainsmokers, Grouplove, Tove Lo, LÉON, Keith Urban, and Marina, among others.

In December 2013, they signed a joint venture deal with Warner Bros Records to form Cuts Records, a record label through which to sign, produce and develop new artists.

In 2016, they signed a record deal with Epic Records as artists and released their first single "Love Like We Used To" in October of that year.
Twm
twm (Tab Window Manager) is a window manager for the X Window System. Started in 1987 by Tom LaStrange, it has been the standard window manager for the X Window System since version X11R4. The name originally stood for Tom's Window Manager, but the software was renamed Tab Window Manager by the X Consortium when they adopted it in 1989. twm is a stacking window manager that provides title bars, shaped windows and icon management. It is highly configurable and extensible.

twm was a breakthrough achievement in the early years, but has been superseded by other window managers which, unlike twm, use a widget toolkit rather than a combination of the X Toolkit Intrinsics and XRandR.

Various other window managers, such as vtwm, tvtwm, CTWM, and FVWM, were derived from twm's source code.

twm is still standard with X.Org Server, and is available as part of many X Window System implementations.

X.Org Server
X.Org Server is the free and open-source implementation of the X Window System (X11) display server stewarded by the X.Org Foundation.

Implementations of the client-side X Window System protocol exist in the form of X11 libraries, which serve as helpful APIs for communicating with the X server. Two such major X libraries exist for X11. The first of these libraries was Xlib, the original C language X11 API, but another C language X library, XCB, was created later in 2001. Other smaller X libraries exist, both as interfaces for Xlib and XCB in other languages, and as smaller standalone X libraries.

The services with which the X.Org Foundation supports X Server include the packaging of the releases; certification (for a fee); evaluation of improvements to the code; developing the web site, and handling the distribution of monetary donations. The releases are coded, documented, and packaged by global developers.
Hidden Lake Formation
The Hidden Lake Formation is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Antarctica. The sandstones and siltstones of the formation were deposited in a deltaic environment.

Indeterminate megalosaur remains have been recovered from it. Also many plant fossils and ichnofossils of Planolites sp. and Palaeophycus sp. have been found in the formation.

Megalosauroidea
Megalosauroidea (meaning 'great/big lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. The group is defined as Megalosaurus bucklandii and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with it than with Allosaurus fragilis or Passer domesticus. Members of the group include Spinosaurus, Megalosaurus, and Torvosaurus. They are possibly paraphyletic in nature with respect to Allosauroidea, which is to say some members of this superfamily might be closer to Allosauroids than to each other, which is undesirable in cladistics.
Open University of West Africa
Open University of West Africa (OUWA) was founded in Ghana in November 2011 by John Roberts and Patrick Steele. With the goal to break the poverty cycle in West Africa through online education,  John Roberts and his co-founder were inspired by a simple but contradictory observation: at the moment, higher education penetration in Africa was very low, many of the best universities around the world were beginning to put their courses online through platforms like Coursera, edX, Udacity etc.

The two founders became driven by the idea of harnessing this “perfect storm” of free Open Educational Resources (OER), cheaper access to mobile technology, and the profound need to spur development through higher-ed in West African countries.

Coursera
Coursera Inc. (/kərˈsɛrə/) is an American for-profit online university, earlier operating as a global massive open online course provider from 2012 until 2021. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects.

On February 2, 2021, Coursera announced its B Corporation certification from B Lab and its transformation into a Public Benefit Corporation.

As of 2023, more than 300 universities and companies were offering courses through Coursera, and by 2024, the number of courses available had risen to approximately 7,000.

In December 2024, Gerg Hart, who served 23 years as Technical Advisor to Jeff Bezos at Amazon  was hired as Coursera's new CEO and ended the opportunity to audit courses for free, putting all of the previously free university courses under a paywall starting at USD49 per month.
St Thomas' Church, St Anne's-on-the-Sea
St Thomas' Church is an Anglican church in St Anne's-on-the-Sea, a town on the Fylde coastal plain in Lancashire, England. It is an active parish church in the Diocese of Blackburn and the archdeaconry of Lancaster. Designed by Austin and Paley, it is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Diocese of Blackburn
The diocese of Blackburn is diocese of the Church of England in North West England. Its boundaries correspond to northern Lancashire. The diocese contains 211 parishes and 280 churches. Blackburn Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of Blackburn, currently Philip North, and the diocesan offices are also located in Blackburn.

What is now the diocese of Blackburn was historically part of the diocese of York. It became part of the newly created diocese of Chester in 1541, and part of the diocese of Manchester when it was created in 1847. The diocese of Blackburn was in turn established on 12 November 1926 from the northern part of Manchester.
Paraphasia
Paraphasia is a type of language output error commonly associated with aphasia and characterized by the production of unintended syllables, words, or phrases during the effort to speak. Paraphasic errors are most common in patients with fluent forms of aphasia, and come in three forms: phonemic or literal, neologistic, and verbal. Paraphasias can affect metrical information, segmental information, number of syllables, or both. Some paraphasias preserve the meter without segmentation, and some do the opposite. However, most paraphasias partially have both affects.

The term was apparently introduced in 1877 by the German-English physician Julius Althaus in his book on Diseases of the Nervous System, in a sentence reading, "In some cases there is a perfect chorea or delirium of words, which may be called paraphasia".

Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody (/ˈprɒsədi, ˈprɒz-/) is the study of elements of speech, including intonation, stress, rhythm and loudness, that occur simultaneously with individual phonetic segments: vowels and consonants. Often, prosody specifically refers to such elements, known as suprasegmentals when they extend across more than one phonetic segment.

Prosody reflects the nuanced emotional features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the presence of irony or sarcasm, certain emphasis on words or morphemes, contrast,  focus, and so on. Prosody displays elements of language that are not encoded by grammar, punctuation or choice of vocabulary.
Franklin Street (Chapel Hill)
Franklin Street is a prominent thoroughfare in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Historic Franklin Street is considered the center of social life for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as well as the town of Chapel Hill.

It is home to numerous coffee shops, restaurants, museums, bookshops, music stores and bars. The street in downtown Chapel Hill is notable for its nightlife, culture, and regular festivities. The stretch of college-oriented businesses continues west into neighboring Carrboro, where the street's name changes to Main Street. Both streets are home to small music venues, like the Cat's Cradle and the Carrboro Arts Center, which were influential in the birth of Chapel Hill rock. UNC's Morehead Planetarium and Science Center, as well as the Ackland Art Museum, are also located in this area.

U.S. Route 15 in North Carolina
U.S. Highway 15 (US 15) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway running from Walterboro, South Carolina, to Painted Post, New York. In the U.S. state of North Carolina, the highway runs for 159 miles (256 km) from the South Carolina state line to the south of Laurinburg to the Virginia state line north of Bullock. US 15 travels in concurrency with US 501 for 106 miles (171 km) between Laurinburg and Durham.
Jedburgh Abbey
Jedburgh Abbey, a ruined Augustinian abbey which was founded in the 12th century, is situated in the town of Jedburgh, in the Scottish Borders, 10 miles (16 km) north of the border with England at Carter Bar.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
Candyman (2010 film)
Candyman is a documentary film by director Costa Botes about the rise and fall of David Klein, the man who developed and was the original copyright owner of Jelly Belly jelly beans.  Klein went on to adopt the title of Candyman in his Candyman Kitchens business once his non-compete clause was up following sale of the Jelly Belly copyright.

The film heavily features David Klein and his son Bert Klein, but also includes interviews from then partner and supplier Herman Goelitz Candy Company (now renamed Jelly Belly) as well as Weird Al Yankovic.

The film was featured in at the Slamdance Film Festival where it averaged 4.16 out of 5 stars in audience reviews, Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto, Rincon International Film Festival in Puerto Rico and the Omaha Film Festival in Omaha, Nebraska, all in 2010.  It received mixed reviews from critics earning a B+ rating from The A.V. Club and 6 out of 10 stars from PopMatters and 2 out of 5 stars from Reel Film.

Jelly Belly
Jelly Belly Candy Company, formerly known as Herman Goelitz Candy Co. and Goelitz Confectionery Co., is an American company that manufactures Jelly Belly jelly beans and other candy.

The company is based in Fairfield, California, with a second manufacturing facility in North Chicago, Illinois.  A distribution and visitor center in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin closed in 2020. In October 2008, the company opened a 50,000 sq ft (4,645 m2) manufacturing plant in Rayong, Thailand, where it produces confections for the international market.

In October 2023, the Ferrara Candy Company announced an agreement to acquire Jelly Belly Candy Co. The transaction was completed a month later.
Florida Star v. B. J. F.
Florida Star v. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), is a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press and privacy rights. After The Florida Star newspaper revealed the full name of a rape victim it got from a police report, the victim sued for damages. State law made it illegal for a publication to print a rape victim's name, and the victim was awarded damages. On appeal, the Supreme Court ruled the imposition of damages for truthfully publishing public information violates the First Amendment.

Publication ban
A publication ban is a court order which prohibits the public or media from disseminating certain details of an otherwise public judicial proceeding. In Canada, publication bans are most commonly issued when the safety or reputation of a victim or witness may be hindered by having their identity openly broadcast in the press. They are also commonly issued when the crime involves minors or is sexual in nature.

In countries where press freedom is the norm, an actual ban on publication is used mostly for ongoing court cases where publicity may affect the case, although in Canada the balance has tilted away from disclosure since the passage in 1985 of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (Ontario).