hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neil Gemmell
Neil John Gemmell FRSNZ, FLS is a New Zealand geneticist. His research areas cover evolutionary genetics and genomics, molecular ecology, and conservation biology. Originally from Lower Hutt, he obtained his PhD at La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Since 2008, Gemmell has been a professor at the University of Otago and since 2019 holds one of their seven Sesquicentennial Distinguished Chairs (Poutoko Taiea). Significant work includes the search of the Loch Ness Monster (2018) and the sequencing of the tuatara genome (published in 2020). In 2020, Gemmell received the Hutton Medal by the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Campbell MacKenzie-Richards
Campbell Mackenzie-Richards (6 January 1900 – 9 November 1927) was a pioneer English aviator, Royal Air Force test pilot, and air race contestant, who was killed testing experimental equipment in November 1927.

Air racing
Air racing is a type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course, with the winner either returning the shortest time, the one to complete it with the most points, or to come closest to a previously estimated time.
Pedia gens
The gens Pedia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in history during the final century of the Republic, and for the next two centuries they were distinguished in statesmanship, rhetoric, art, and law.  The first of the Pedii to obtain the consulship was Quintus Pedius, the nephew of Caesar, in 43 BC.

Quintus Pedius (consul)
Quintus Pedius (c. 92 BC – late 43 BC) was a Roman politician and general who lived during the late Republic. For most of his career, he served as a military officer under his uncle Julius Caesar. Serving with Caesar during the civil war, he was elected praetor in 48 BC and was given a triumph for victories over the Pompeians during the civil war's second Spanish campaign.

After Caesar's death, he joined with Caesar's heir Octavian and, with him, assumed suffect consulships in 43 BC in place of the ordinary consuls who had fallen in battle. He promulgated the lex Pedia, which established courts in which Caesar's killers and allies thereof were convicted in absentia. He died shortly after the start of the Second Triumvirate's proscriptions.
Perserikatan
Perserikatan was the national amateur football competitions in Indonesia held between 1931 and 1994 before the formation of Liga Indonesia, organized by the PSSI, the Indonesian football federation. The competition involved hundreds clubs in Indonesia and was divided into several levels.

In English, the term Perserikatan may literally translate to inter-association football championship as this competition involved all regional-level football associations in Indonesia.

Since 1979, in parallel, another national football league, Galatama (The Premier League), was established for semi professional football clubs. Therefore, prior to 1994, when both Perserikatan and Galatama were merged into a new system called Liga Indonesia, both competitions existed in parallel.

Football Association of Indonesia
The Football Association of Indonesia (Indonesian: Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia, lit. 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930. The PSSI joined FIFA in 1952 and the Asian Football Confederation in 1954.
Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C9H8O or C6H5CH=CHCHO. Occurring naturally as predominantly the trans (E) isomer, it gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. It is a phenylpropanoid that is naturally synthesized by the shikimate pathway. This pale yellow, viscous liquid occurs in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum. It is an essential oil.

Odor
An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is a smell or a scent caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds generally found in low concentrations that humans and many animals can perceive via their olfactory system. While smell can refer to pleasant and unpleasant odors, the terms scent, aroma, and fragrance are usually reserved for pleasant-smelling odors and are frequently used in the food and cosmetic industry to describe floral scents or to refer to perfumes.
Geary baronets
The Geary Baronetcy, of Oxenheath in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 17 August 1782 for Francis Geary, an admiral in the Royal Navy. His eldest son and heir, also called Francis Geary, fought in the American War of Independence and was killed in an ambush in 1776. The baronetcy therefore passed directly to Admiral Geary's second son, Sir William Geary, who served as Member of Parliament for Kent between 1796 and 1806, and again between 1812 and 1818. The third Baronet, Sir William Geary, served as MP for a successor constituency, West Kent, from 1835 until 1838. The baronetcy became extinct on the death of the fifth Baronet, Sir William Geary, in 1944.

Sir Francis Geary, 1st Baronet
Sir Francis Geary, 1st Baronet (1709 – 7 February 1796) was an officer of the Royal Navy. He served during the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years' War, and the American War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Admiral.
Titan II GLV
The Titan II GLV (Titan II Gemini Launch Vehicle) or Gemini-Titan II was an American expendable launch system derived from the Titan II missile, which was used to launch twelve Gemini missions for NASA between 1964 and 1966. Two uncrewed launches followed by ten crewed ones were conducted from Launch Complex 19 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, starting with Gemini 1 on April 8, 1964.

The Titan II was a two-stage liquid-fuel rocket, using a hypergolic propellant combination of Aerozine 50 fuel and nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer. The first stage was powered by an LR87 engine (with two combustion chambers and nozzles, fed by separate sets of turbomachinery), and the second stage was propelled by an LR91 engine.

Hypergolic propellant
A hypergolic propellant is a rocket engine propellant, the components of which spontaneously ignite upon contact with each other.

The two components usually consist of a fuel and an oxidizer. The advantages of hypergolic propellants are that they can be stored at room temperature, and that rocket engines can be ignited reliably and repeatedly. Common hypergolic propellants are difficult to handle due to high toxicity or corrosiveness.

In contemporary usage, the terms "hypergol" and "hypergolic propellant" usually refer to the most common combination: dinitrogen tetroxide plus hydrazine.
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot, MCCJ (17 June 1952 – 25 November 2024) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church and a historian of Islam. He was an official of the Roman Curia since 2012 and an archbishop since 2016.

Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 5 October 2019, an office he held until his death in 2024.

Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
The Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus (Latin: Missionarii Comboniani Cordis Iesu), also known as the Comboni Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, or the Verona Fathers, and originally called the Sons of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Congregatio Filiorum S. Cordis Iesu), is a Catholic clerical male religious congregation of pontifical right.
Christopher Rivera
Christopher Rivera (born October 2, 1986) is a Swiss former professional ice hockey player who spent most of his career with Genève-Servette HC in the National League (NL). He also played for HC Fribourg-Gottéron in the NL.

Rivera regularly works as a hockey analyst for the Francophone Swiss TV station, Léman Bleu.

HC Fribourg-Gottéron
HC Fribourg-Gottéron is a professional ice hockey team based in Fribourg, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team was the sixth most attended team in Switzerland for the 2015–16 season with 6,156 spectators.
George Turnbull (engineer)
George Turnbull (2 September 1809 – 26 February 1889) was a Scottish engineer. He was responsible from 1851 to 1863 for the construction of the first Indian long-distance railway line: Calcutta to Benares up beside the Ganges river, 541 miles (871 kilometres), (601 miles including branches). The main line was later extended to Delhi. He had some 100 British civil engineers and 118,000 Indian workers. All railway lines, engines etc etc were brought from Britain in ships (before the Suez Canal existed) -- most then went in Indian ships up the Ganges river, despite monsoons.

On completion, Turnbull was gazetted by the Indian government as the "First railway engineer of India". He declined a British knighthood.

William Cubitt
Sir William Cubitt FRS (bapt. 9 October 1785 – 13 October 1861) was an English civil engineer and millwright. Born in Norfolk, England, he was employed in many of the great engineering undertakings of his time. He invented a type of windmill sail and the prison treadwheel, and was employed as chief engineer, at Ransomes of Ipswich, before moving to London. He worked on canals, docks, and railways, including the South Eastern Railway and the Great Northern Railway. He was the chief engineer of Crystal Palace erected at Hyde Park in 1851.

He was president of the Institution of Civil Engineers between 1850 and 1851.
Eaton Hotel Hong Kong
Eaton HK (Chinese: 香港逸東酒店), owned by the Great Eagle Group, is a four-star hotel located at 380 Nathan Road in Kowloon, between Jordan and Yau Ma Tei, near the Temple Street Night Market and the Jade Market.

Great Eagle Holdings
Great Eagle Holdings Limited (SEHK: 41) is a Hong Kong real estate company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Through its subsidiaries, the company engages in property investment and owns and operates various hotels. Its head office is located at the Great Eagle Centre, Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong.

The company operates in Hong Kong, North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific region. As at 31 December 2024, the Group's extensive international hotel portfolio comprises thirty-one properties with more than 11,000 rooms, including twenty-six luxury hotels branded under The Langham and Cordis brands in Hong Kong, London, New York, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, Sydney, Melbourne, Gold Coast, Auckland, Jakarta, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan, Haikou, Ningbo, Xiamen, Hefei, Changsha, Xuzhou and Baoshan; two Eaton hotels in Washington D.C. and Hong Kong; two Ying'nFlo in Hong Kong and the Chelsea hotel in Toronto.
Kadriorg
Kadriorg (Estonian for 'Catherine's Valley') is a subdistrict in the district of Kesklinn ("Midtown"), Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It has a population of 4,561 (As of 1 January 2015). The subdistrict name derives from the Catherinethal, a Baroque palace of Catherine I of Russia. It is one of the wealthiest neighbourhoods in Estonia.

Kadriorg is known for Kadriorg Palace and surrounding Kadriorg Park, commissioned by the Russian Czar Peter the Great. Nowadays, the park is a location of several museums including the Kadriorg Art Museum (a branch of the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg palace), Kumu Art Museum, Mikkel, Peter the Great Museum and Eduard Vilde Museum. Nearby, close to the sea, is the Russalka Memorial which commemorates the loss of a Russian warship in 1893.

The official residence of the President of Estonia is situated next to Kadriorg Palace in the park.

Presidential Palace (Tallinn)
The Residence of the President of Estonia, known officially as the Kadriorg Administrative Building, and since 1992 sometimes colloquially as the "president's palace", is a building located in the Kadriorg Park, Tallinn, capital city of Estonia. The Baroque Revival building serves as the official residence of the president of Estonia.

The palace is guarded by Estonian Guard Battalion.
The Mysteries of Joy Rio
“The Mysteries of the Joy Rio” is a work of short fiction by Tennessee Williams. Written in 1941, the work first appeared in the collection Hard Candy: A Book of Stories (1954), published by New Directions.

LGBTQ portal

New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin (1914–1997) and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
Battle of Windsor
The Battle of Windsor was a short-lived campaign in the eastern Michigan area of the United States and the Windsor area of Upper Canada. A group of men on both sides of the border, calling themselves "Patriots", formed small militias in 1837 with the intention of seizing the Southern Ontario peninsula between the Detroit and Niagara Rivers and extending American-style government to Canada. They based groups in Michigan at Fort Gratiot (present Port Huron), Mount Clemens, Detroit, and Gibraltar. The Patriots were defeated by British and American government forces, respectively.

Gibraltar, Michigan
Gibraltar is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,997 at the 2020 census.

Gibraltar is a southern city of Metro Detroit and is about 12 miles (19.3 km) south of the city of Detroit.  The city is bordered by the Detroit River to the east, the city of Trenton to the north, and the township of Brownstown to the south and west.
Hay Amores y Amores
Hay Amores y Amores (English: There Are Many Loves) is the sixteenth studio album released by Spanish performer Rocío Dúrcal. It was released on April 25, 1995 by BMG Ariola and written and produced by Argentinean songwriter Roberto Livi. This album peaked at number-five on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums and number-twenty on Top Latin Albums. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1996 for Best Latin Pop Album.

Six singles were released from Hay Amores y Amores, all of which attained commercial success in the United States, the album's lead single "Vestida De Blanco" peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and number 5 on Latin Pop Airplay. Follow up singles "Cómo Han Pasado Los Años" and "Que De Mí" peaked within the top twenty of the chart.

Billboard Latin pop charts
The Billboard Latin pop charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Latin Pop Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Latin Pop Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on Latin pop radio stations before switching to a genre-based methodology in August 2020. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different Latin pop charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Latin Pop Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing Latin pop songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

By "Latin pop", Billboard generally refers to the genre as Spanish-speaking pop music, including pop ballads, mid-tempo or up-tempo pop as well as "young pop sounds", "the new Spanish-language rock", pop-rhythmic and pop-dance tunes.
Carlie C's
Carlie C's is an IGA grocery store chain headquartered in Dunn, North Carolina.  It is the largest IGA franchise in North Carolina.  As of March 2023, the chain had 33 locations across North Carolina and South Carolina.  The business has annual revenue in excess of $100 million as of 2013.

The business started with a small country store in Johnston County, North Carolina, opened by Carlie C. and Joyce McLamb in 1961.  It became part of the IGA in the 1980s.  By 1989, the chain had grown to six stores.  By 2011, it grew to 13 locations.

32 locations as of 2025.

IGA, Inc.
IGA, INC. is an international affiliation of franchised grocery stores that are independently owned and operated.  As of 2017, the network included nearly 5,000 supermarkets in more than 30 countries, representing $36 billion in annual sales — with many IGA stores operating in small-town markets and owned by their managing families.

Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, IGA was founded in 1926 the United States as the Independent Grocers Alliance.
Government Houses of South Africa
A Government House is any residence used by governors-general, governors and lieutenant-governors in the Commonwealth and the British Empire. Government Houses serve as the venue for governors' official business, as well as the many receptions and functions hosted by the occupant. Sometimes, the term Government House is used as a metonym for the governor or their office.

The following is a list of former Government Houses of South Africa, from the British colonial era in the country, which are now defunct.

Transvaal, Government House of Transvaal

Cape Province, Government House of Cape Province

Orange Free State, Government House, Bloemfontein

Natal, Government House of Natal

The current Government of South Africa has its own official residences for the President and Cabinet Ministers.

History of South Africa (1815–1910)
During the Napoleonic Wars, the Cape Colony was annexed by the British and officially became their colony in 1815. Britain encouraged  settlers to the Cape, and in particular, sponsored the 1820 Settlers to farm in the disputed area between the colony and the Xhosa in what is now the Eastern Cape. The changing image of the Cape from Dutch to British excluded the Dutch farmers in the area, the Boers who in the 1820s started their Great Trek to the northern areas of modern South Africa. This period also marked the rise in power of the Zulu under their king Shaka. Subsequently, several conflicts arose between the British, Boers and Zulus, which led to the Zulu defeat and the ultimate Boer defeat in the Second Anglo-Boer War. However, the Treaty of Vereeniging established the framework of South African limited independence as the Union of South Africa.
Albanians in Turkey
Albanians in Turkey (Albanian: Shqiptarët në Turqi; Turkish: Türkiye'deki Arnavutlar) are ethnic Albanian citizens and denizens of Turkey. They consist of Albanians who arrived during the Ottoman period beginning in the 16th century.

A 2008 report from the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry and background upward to 5 or 6 million.

National Security Council (Turkey)
The National Security Council (Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Kurulu, MGK) is the principal government agency used by the President of Turkey (who is the commander-in-chief) for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters with senior national security officials, and for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. Like the national security councils of other countries, the MGK develops the national security policy.

The policy is expressed in the National Security Policy Document (Turkish: Milli Güvenlik Siyaseti Belgesi), commonly known as "The Red Book".
The Red Book is sometimes called the "most secret" document in Turkey. It is updated once or twice a decade.
South Bay (San Diego County)
The South Bay, also known as South County, is a region in southwestern San Diego County, California, consisting of the cities and unincorporated communities of Bonita, Chula Vista, East Otay Mesa, Imperial Beach, Lincoln Acres, National City, and South San Diego.

Defined by its proximity to San Diego Bay and the Mexico-United States border, the South Bay is a mix of heavy industrial complexes and shipyards alongside beaches and residential developments. One of its cities, Imperial Beach, bills itself as "Classic Southern California" for being relatively untouched in terms of other coastal cities.

Bonita, California
Bonita (Spanish for "Beautiful") is a census-designated place (CDP) in southern San Diego County, California, nestled between the cities of Chula Vista, National City, and San Diego. The population was 12,917 at the 2020 census, up from 12,538 at the 2010 census.
Sony Xperia 1 II
The Sony Xperia 1 II is an Android smartphone manufactured by Sony Mobile. Part of Sony's Xperia series, the phone was announced along with the mid-range Xperia 10 II on February 24, 2020. Key upgrades over its predecessor, the Xperia 1, include support for 5G connectivity and Qi wireless charging, and a triple-lens camera which incorporates ZEISS-branded lenses with T✻ (T-Star) anti-reflective coating as well as technology brought over from Sony's Alpha camera lineup.

The Xperia 1 II ships with support for 5G NR in Europe and Asia (making it Sony's first Xperia device to support this network), while the United States ships with a 4G variant. Although 5G networks are supported, it only supports “sub-6” 5G, meaning it is not compatible with millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks.

Sony α
Sony α (the lower case Greek letter alpha, often transliterated as Sony Alpha) is a brand of digital camera. This line has been active since 2006, building upon the Konica Minolta camera technologies, whose assets were acquired by Sony.
Kenny Feeney
Kenny Feeney (born 1991) is an Irish hurler who plays as a centre-forward for the Mayo senior team.

Born in Tooreen, County Mayo, Feeney first played competitive hurling with Ballyhaunis Community School. He simultaneously came to prominence at juvenile and underage levels with the Tooreen club. Feeney subsequently enjoyed success with the club's senior team, winning a Connacht medal in 2017. He has also won two county championship medals.

Feeney made his debut on the inter-county scene when he was selected for the Mayo minor team, before joining the under-21 team. He made his senior debut during the 2010 league.

Connacht Intermediate Club Hurling Championship
The Connacht Intermediate Club Hurling Championship is an annual club competition in Connacht. The Connacht Intermediate Championship was introduced in 2005 for teams deemed not eligible for the senior grade. It forms second tier of Connacht club hurling. Prior to 2008, county champions competed in the senior grade, but since then the senior champions from Mayo, Roscommon and London (since 2018) compete at intermediate level along with the Galway intermediate champions, who receive a bye to the final.

In its current format, the Connacht Intermediate Championship begins in November following the completion of the four County Championships. The 4 participating teams compete in a single-elimination tournament. The winner of the championship qualifies to the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship.

The competition has been won by 11 teams, 5 of which have won it more than once. Tooreen are the most successful team in the championships history, having won it 6 times.