hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Tulasne
Charles Tulasne (5 September 1816 – 28 August 1884) was a French physician, mycologist and illustrator born in Langeais in the département of Indre-et-Loire.

He received his medical doctorate in 1840 and practiced medicine in Paris until 1854. Afterwards he worked with his older brother Louis René Tulasne (1815–1885) in the field of mycology. He died in Hyères, département of Var.

In addition to assisting his brother with the classification and study of fungi, Charles Tulasne collaborated with Louis on numerous scientific publications. He is known for his excellent illustrations, particularly in the three-volume Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. Regarding the artistic quality of his work, Charles Tulasne is sometimes referred to as "The Audubon of Fungi".

In 1872, Joseph Schröter circumscribed a genus of effused (patch-forming) fungi in the Tulasnellaceae family, Tulasnella was named in Tulasne's honour.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Bibionomorpha
The Bibionomorpha are an infraorder of the suborder Nematocera. One of its constituent families, the Anisopodidae, is the presumed sister taxon to the entire suborder Brachycera. Several of the remaining families in the infraorder (those shown without common names) are former subfamilies of the Mycetophilidae, which has been recently subdivided. The family Axymyiidae has recently been removed from the Bibionomorpha to its own infraorder Axymyiomorpha.

Most representatives of the Bibionomorpha are saprophages or fungivores as larvae with the Cecidomyiidae being predominantly gall-formers. Some sciarids are common indoor pests, developing large populations in potting soil that has become moldy from overwatering. The larvae of the Bibionidae sometimes migrate in large, snake-like masses to minimize dehydration while seeking a new feeding site.

Sciaridae
The Sciaridae are a family of flies, commonly known as dark-winged fungus gnats.  Commonly found in moist environments, they are known to be a pest of mushroom farms and are commonly found in household plant pots. This is one of the least studied of the large Diptera families, probably due to the small size of these insects and the similarity among species.

Currently, around 1700 species are described, but an estimated 20,000 species are awaiting discovery, mainly in the tropics. More than 600 species are known from Europe.
Love wave
In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves. The Love wave is a result of the interference of many shear waves (S-waves) guided by an elastic layer, which is welded to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side. In seismology, Love waves (also known as Q waves (Quer, lit. "lateral" in German)) are surface seismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake. Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911.  They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave).  Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh waves. These waves are observed only when there is a low velocity layer overlying a high velocity layer/sub–layers.

Linear elasticity
Linear elasticity is a mathematical model of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed by prescribed loading conditions. It is a simplification of the more general nonlinear theory of elasticity and a branch of continuum mechanics.

The fundamental assumptions of linear elasticity are infinitesimal strains — meaning, "small" deformations — and linear relationships between the components of stress and strain — hence the "linear" in its name. Linear elasticity is valid only for stress states that do not produce yielding. Its assumptions are reasonable for many engineering materials and engineering design scenarios. Linear elasticity is therefore used extensively in structural analysis and engineering design, often with the aid of finite element analysis.
Regina Antwi
Regina Antwi (born 26 November 1995) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a defender for the Indian Women's League club Sreebhumi and the Ghana women's national football team. She represented Ghana at the U17 level at two World Cups in 2010 and 2012. She previously played for Hungarian club Diósgyőri VTK.

2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
The 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup women's football tournament was the second such tournament, and was held in Trinidad and Tobago from 5 to 25 September 2010. Sixteen teams, comprising representatives from all six confederations, took part in the final competition, in which Trinidad and Tobago had a guaranteed place as the host nation.
WGRR
WGRR (103.5 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Hamilton, Ohio, and serving the Cincinnati metropolitan area. It broadcasts a classic hits radio format and is owned by Cumulus Media. Its studios and offices are on Montgomery Road in Norwood, Ohio, using a Cincinnati address.

WGRR has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 11,000 watts. Its transmitter is off West North Bend Road at Winton Road in Cincinnati.

Cumulus Media
Cumulus Media, Inc. is a broadcasting company of the United States and is the second largest owner and operator of AM and FM radio stations in the United States ahead of Audacy and behind iHeartMedia. As of June 2019, Cumulus lists ownership of 428 stations in 87 media markets. It also owns and operates Westwood One. Its headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia. Its subsidiaries include Cumulus Broadcasting LLC, Cumulus Licensing LLC and Broadcast Software International Inc.
Rhenopteridae
The Rhenopteridae are a family of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". The family is the only family currently contained in the superfamily Rhenopteroidea, one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Stylonurina.

The family contains one of the earliest known eurypterids, Brachyopterus, known from the Middle Ordovician (also the sister taxon to all other rhenopterids), and is the most primitive clade of stylonurine eurypterids. The last known members of the family went extinct during the Early Devonian.

Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian series. It lasted from 419.62 ± 1.36 to 393.47 ± 0.99 and began with the Lochkovian Stage 419.62 ± 1.36 to 413.02 ± 0.99, which was followed by the Pragian from 413.02 ± 1.36 to 410.62 ± 0.99 and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, 393.47± 0.99 million years ago.
During this time, the first ammonoids appeared, descending from bactritoid nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
Two Men of Sandy Bar
Two Men of Sandy Bar is a 1916 American silent Western Melodrama directed by Lloyd B. Carleton and starring Hobart Bosworth, Gretchen Lederer along with Emory Johnson.

The film relies on a Bret Harte play penned in 1876. The film's main character is John Oakhurst, a well-known character to the readers of Bret Harte's books. Oakhurst is an honest gambler whose compassion for others both wins him friends and causes hardships.

The film was released on April 3, 1916, by Universal.

Hobart Bosworth
Hobart Van Zandt Bosworth (August 11, 1867 – December 30, 1943) was an American film actor, director, writer, and producer. Bosworth began his career in theater, eventually transitioning to the emerging film industry. Despite a battle with tuberculosis, he found success in silent films, establishing himself as a lead actor and pioneering the industry in California. Bosworth started his own production company, Hobart Bosworth Productions, in 1913, focusing on Jack London melodramas. After the company closed, Bosworth continued to act in supporting roles, surviving the transition to sound films. He is known as the "Dean of Hollywood" for his role in shaping the California film industry. In 1960, Bosworth was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry.
Sant Joan de Vilatorrada
Sant Joan de Vilatorrada (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ʒuˈan də ˌβilətuˈraðə]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Bages in Catalonia, Spain. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) away from Barcelona.

The town of Sant Joan de Vilatorrada is located at 3 km. from Manresa, the capital of the Bages comarca (county). The municipal limits are: in the North Sant Mateu de Bages and Callús, in the Northeast Santpedor; in the East Sant Fruitós de Bages, in the South-east Manresa and in the West Fonollosa.

In addition to the main namesake town, the municipality also contains the population entities of Sant Martí de Torroella and Joncadella.

Comarques of Catalonia
The comarques of Catalonia (singular comarca, Eastern Catalan: [kuˈmarkə], Western Catalan: [koˈmaɾka]), often referred to in English as counties, are an administrative division of Catalonia. Each comarca comprises a number of municipalities, roughly equivalent to a county in the United States. Currently, Catalonia is divided into 42 comarques and Aran, considered a "unique territorial entity" and not a comarca.

Each comarca has a representative county council (Catalan: consell comarcal), except for Barcelonès, which abolished it in 2019, and Aran, which instead has the Conselh Generau d'Aran.

Comarques form the second-level administrative division within Catalonia, being a subdivision of vegueries (or provinces at state level).
Ana Gros
Ana Gros (born 21 January 1991) is a Slovenian professional handballer who plays for French team Brest Bretagne Handball.

She played for Slovenia for 17 years and was the team captain for seven years. She retired from the national team in September 2024, having played 159 matches and scored a record 767 goals, 81 more than the second-best scorer of all time Tanja Oder.

Gros played at five European championships, four World championships, and once at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

On club level, as of September 2024, she is 6th on the Champions League all-time top scorers list, 12th on the Champions League finals all-time top scorers list, and was the top scorer in the top European league in season 2020-21.

EHF Women's Champions League
The EHF Women's Champions League is the competition for the top women's handball clubs in Europe, organised annually by the European Handball Federation (EHF). It is the most prestigious tournament for clubs, with the champions of Europe's top national leagues participating.
To a Mountain Daisy
"To a Mountain Daisy", On Turning one Down, With The Plough, in April 1786 is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1786. It was included in the Kilmarnock volume of Burns's poems, published in that year.

The poem tells of how the poet, while out with the plough, discovers that he has crushed a daisy's stem. It is similar in some respects to his poem To a Mouse, published in the previous year. In ploughing a field in the early morning, there must have been hundreds of small flowers that were turned down by the plough and why Burns was taken with this particular specimen is a mystery.

In a similar way from To a Mouse, Burns compares the daisy's fate to that of humankind, first, in stanza six, to a young girl taken in by her lover and then, in stanza seven, to himself. The final stanza is in some ways reminiscent of  Andrew Marvell's poem To His Coy Mistress:

But at my back I always hear
Time's wingèd chariot drawing near;

To a Mouse
"To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest With the Plough, November, 1785" is a Scots-language poem written by Robert Burns in 1785. It was included in the Kilmarnock Edition and all of the poet's later editions, such as the Edinburgh Edition. According to legend, Burns was ploughing in the fields at his Mossgiel Farm and accidentally destroyed a mouse's nest, which it needed to survive the winter. Burns's brother, Gilbert, claimed that the poet composed the poem while still holding his plough.
Admiralty Shipyards
The JSC Admiralty Shipyards (Russian: Адмиралтейские верфи) (formerly Soviet Shipyard No. 194) is one of the oldest and largest shipyards in Russia, located in Saint Petersburg. The shipyard's building ways can accommodate ships of up to 70,000 tonnes deadweight (DWT), 250 metres (820 ft) in length and 35 metres (115 ft) in width. Military products include naval warships such as nuclear and diesel-powered submarines and large auxiliaries.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
Ikeja City Mall
The Ikeja City Mall is located at Alausa in Ikeja, Lagos State. It is the first of its kind on the Mainland of Metropolitan Lagos. There is a Silverbird Cinema in the mall as well as Shoprite, eateries, clothing brands and clothing stores and different bank ATMs.

Popularly known as Shoprite Ikeja or ICM, it serves as a meeting point or recreational spot for friends, family and business people.

Silverbird Group
The Silverbird Group is a diversified multi-media company with holdings in Radio, Television, Real Estate, and Cinemas headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria. The company was established in 1980 by Ben Murray-Bruce and counts Silverbird Cinemas and the Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria (MBGN) and Mr Nigeria pageants amongst its holdings. Its businesses divisions are Silverbird Properties, Silverbird Film Distribution, Silverbird Communications, Silverbird Cinemas, Silverbird Production, and Dream Magic Studios.

In November 2022, the company signed a $145 Million financing deal with the African Export-Import Bank to construct the Ben Murray-Bruce Studios and Film Academy (BMB Studios and Film Academy) in Eko Atlantic City, in what is reported to be West Africa's largest educational and film studio complex.
Andres Centino
Andres Castor Centino (born February 4, 1967) is a retired Philippine Army general who currently serves as Presidential Assistant for Maritime Concerns to President Bongbong Marcos since September 28, 2023.

Centino last served as the 57th and 59th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines from November 2021 to August 2022 and from January to July 2023. He also previously served as the 63rd Commanding General of the Philippine Army from May to December 2021.

Office of the President of the Philippines
The Office of the President of the Philippines (OP; Filipino: Tanggapan ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is an administrative, advisory, and consultative government agency of the Philippine government that aids the president in performing their duty as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government.

The office is housed within the Malacañang Palace complex in San Miguel, Manila.
Big Pine volcanic field
Big Pine volcanic field is a volcanic field in Inyo County, California. The volcanic field covers a surface area of 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi) within the Owens Valley east of the Sierra Nevada and consists of lava flows, one rhyolitic coulee and about 40 volcanic vents including cinder cones. Some vents are simple conical cinder cones while others are irregular scoria cones. Glaciers and former lakes have modified lava flows.

Volcanic activity in the field commenced 1.2 million years ago and was controlled by a number of faults which cross the valley. Activity continued into the Pleistocene with the youngest eruption generating cones and several lava flows about 17,000 years ago. A major road and the Los Angeles Aqueduct would be threatened if volcanic activity restarted at Big Pine.

Pluvial lake
A pluvial lake is a body of water that accumulated in a basin because of a greater moisture availability resulting from changes in temperature and/or precipitation. These intervals of greater moisture availability are not always contemporaneous with glacial periods. Pluvial lakes are typically closed lakes that occupied endorheic basins. Pluvial lakes that have since evaporated and dried out may also be referred to as paleolakes.
Alfons de Requesens
Alfons de Requesens y Fenollet OFM (1570 – 8 April 1639) was a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Barbastro from 1627 to 1639. Holding a titular title of the bishop of Duvno from 1610 to 1627, de Requesens served as an auxiliary bishop of Olomouc from 1610 to 1621 and Toledo from 1621 to 1627. Before his service in Toledo, de Requesens held several duties in Franciscan provinces in Germany and Austria. Also, they served as a diplomat for Emperor Ferdinand II.

Archdiocese of Olomouc
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Olomouc (Czech: Metropolitní Arcidiecéze olomoucká, Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Olomucensis) is a metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic. It has its seat in Olomouc.
Arkansas Highway 21
Arkansas Highway 21 (AR 21) is a north–south state highway in north central Arkansas, in the United States. The route runs 99.14 miles (159.55 km) from U.S. Route 64 (US 64) in Clarksville north across US 62 to the Missouri state line. The route is a two-lane highway with the exception of a brief concurrency with US 62, a four-lane highway, in Berryville.

U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) is a U.S. highway running from El Paso, Texas northeast to Niagara Falls, New York. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 329.9 miles from the Oklahoma border near Summers east to the Missouri border in St. Francis, serving the northern portion of the state. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Harrison, Mountain Home, Pocahontas, and also Piggott. US 62 runs concurrent with several highways in Arkansas including Interstate 49 and U.S. Route 71 between Fayetteville and Bentonville, U.S. Route 412 through much of the state, U.S. Route 65 in the Harrison area, and with U.S. Route 63 and U.S. Route 67 in northeast Arkansas.
One Nation, One Election
One Nation, One Election (abbr. ONOE), is a proposal under consideration by the Government of India to synchronise all elections in the country either on a single day or within a specific time frame, with an objective of cutting election cost. One of its most notable proposals is to simultaneously conduct elections to the Lok Sabha & state legislative assemblies of all twenty-eight states and eight union territories. For the purpose of ONOE, Minister of Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal introduced The Constitution (129th Amendment) Bill, 2024 in Lok Sabha on 17 December 2024 to amend the Constitution of India. The bill was referred to Joint Parliamentary Committee on 19 December 2024.

Amendment of the Constitution of India
Amending the Constitution of India is the process of making changes to the nation's fundamental law or supreme law. The procedure of amendment in the constitution is laid down in Part XX (Article 368) of the Constitution of India. This procedure  ensures the sanctity of the Constitution of India and keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament of India.

However, there is another limitation imposed on the amending power of the constitution of India, which developed during conflicts between the Supreme Court and Parliament, where Parliament wants to exercise discretionary use of power to amend the constitution while the Supreme Court wants to restrict that power.
This has led to the laying down of various doctrines or rules in regard to checking the validity/legality of an amendment, the most famous among them is the Basic structure doctrine as laid down by the Supreme Court in the case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.
Czech Ladies Challenge
The Czech Ladies Challenge is a women's professional golf tournament on the LET Access Series, held in the Czech Republic.

The event was first played in 2014 at Golf Park Plzeň-Dýšina in the city of Plzeň, 90 km west of Prague, also host to the LET's Sberbank Golf Masters, before moving closer to Prague.

It has been the only Czech event on the LET Access Series schedule except in 2019 when the Czech Ladies Open was played as a dual-ranking event with the Ladies European Tour.

Ladies European Tour
The Ladies European Tour is a professional golf tour for women which was founded in 1978. Most of the players on the tour are European, with members from more than 40 countries internationally. Despite its name, the tour also has tournaments in Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.

The organization is based at Buckinghamshire Golf Club near London in England. Like many British-based sports organisations it is a company limited by guarantee, a legal structure which enables it to focus on maximising returns to its members through prize money, rather than on making profits for investors. The tour is run by a board of directors and a Players' Council.
Chelus
Chelus is a genus of large freshwater turtles found in tropical South America. Formerly considered to be a monotypic genus, it now consists of two extant species after Chelus orinocensis was identified in 2020 from a genetic analysis.

Chelus orinocensis
Chelus orinocensis, the Orinoco mata mata, is a species of freshwater turtle found in northern South America in the Orinoco, upper Rio Negro–Branco and Essequibo basins, and in Trinidad. It was split off from the very similar Chelus fimbriata in 2020.
Hiroshima (book)
Hiroshima is a 1946 book by American author John Hersey. It tells the stories of six survivors of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. It is regarded as one of the earliest examples of New Journalism, in which the story-telling techniques of fiction are adapted to non-fiction reporting.

The work was originally published in The New Yorker, which had planned to run it over four issues but instead dedicated the entire edition of August 31, 1946, to a single article. Less than two months later, the article was printed as a book by Alfred A. Knopf. Never out of print, it has sold more than three million copies. "Its story became a part of our ceaseless thinking about world wars and nuclear holocaust," New Yorker essayist Roger Angell wrote in 1995.

Alfred A. Knopf
Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. (/knɒpf/) is an American publishing house that was founded by Blanche Knopf and Alfred A. Knopf Sr. in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann.

The Knopf publishing house is associated with the borzoi logo in its colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.