hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Villa della Palombara
The Villa della Palombara was a large, sumptuous ancient Roman villa. It is now an archaeological site located within the pine forest of Castel Fusano near Ostia, Italy. It originally may have belonged to the famous orator Hortensius (114–50 BC). It would have impressed with its exceptional proportions covering about 4 hectares.

It was built on the seashore overlooking the sea, on the ancient Via Severiana between ancient Ostia and Laurentum. Due to build up of sand it is now 600m from the beach.

The villa was rediscovered in 1713 and erroneously identified with the villa of Pliny the Younger who had a villa nearby at Laurentum described in a letter addressed to his friend Gallus and probably located at Villa Magna.

Villa Magna
Villa Magna is a large imperial ancient Roman villa near the modern town of Anagni, in Lazio, central Italy. The site lies in the Valle del Sacco some 65 km south of Rome, at the foot of the Monti Lepini, directly under the peak known as Monte Giuliano. The villa was excavated between 2006 and 2010.

The location retains the name "Villamagna" attesting to the local memory of the imperial villa and its successive occupation as a monastery and lay community (casale), which have obscured the earlier remains.

It was recognised as imperial property from the elaborate and exceptional winery described in letters by Marcus Aurelius in 140-5 AD.
Rudolf Nussgruber
Rudolf Nussgruber (7 April 1918 – 26 July 2001) was an Austrian film director. In 1962, he co-directed the documentary film Flying Clipper with Hermann Leitner and it was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. He directed more than 30 films between 1955 and 1985.

Hermann Leitner
Hermann Leitner (3 September 1927 – 22 February 2013) was an Austrian film editor and film director. His 1962 documentary film Flying Clipper was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival.
The Debtors
The Debtors is an American comedy film starring Michael Caine, Randy Quaid, Udo Kier, Catherine McCormack, Scott Atkinson, and Scott Wilson and directed by Evi Quaid.

The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1999. Because of legal issues the film was not officially released until April 24, 2023 when it had a digital release.

Randy Quaid
Randy Randall Rudy Quaid (born October 1, 1950) is an American actor.

He was nominated for an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award for his role in The Last Detail in 1973. In 1978, he co-starred as a prisoner in Midnight Express. Quaid also won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy Award for his portrayal of U.S. President Lyndon Johnson in LBJ: The Early Years (1987).

He also received Emmy nominations for his roles in A Streetcar Named Desire (1984) and Elvis (2005). Quaid is also known for his roles of Cousin Eddie in the National Lampoon's Vacation movies and Russell Casse in Independence Day (1996). He voiced Alameda Slim in the animated feature Home on the Range (2004).
Rokushō
Rokushō (緑青) is a traditional Japanese chemical compound used in the niiro process for artificially inducing patination in decorative non-ferrous metals, especially several copper alloys, with the results being metals of the irogane class. It is most commonly translated as malachite; in art, rokushō  was the most widely used green pigment.

These "colour metals", virtually unknown outside Japan until the late 19th century, have achieved some popularity in craft circles in other parts of the world since then.

Patina
Patina (/pəˈtiːnə/ pə-TEE-nə or /ˈpætɪnə/ PAT-ih-nə) is a thin layer that variously forms on the surface of copper, brass, bronze, and similar metals and metal alloys (tarnish produced by oxidation or other chemical processes), or certain stones and wooden furniture (sheen produced by age, wear, and polishing), or any similar acquired change of a surface through age and exposure.

Additionally, the term is used to describe the aging of high-quality leather. The patinas on leather goods are unique to the type of leather, frequency of use, and exposure.

Patinas can provide a protective covering to materials that would otherwise be damaged by corrosion or weathering. They may also be aesthetically appealing.
Iconoclastic Caravans for Free Will
The Iconoclastic Caravans for Free Will (Spanish: Caravanas Iconoclastas por el Libre Albedrío, CIPLA) were an anarchist cell active in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, being known for some attacks in the communes of Las Condes and Vitacura. The group gained attention from the authorities for its members being closely investigated during the investigation of the Bombas Case.

Las Condes
Las Condes is an affluent commune in northeastern Santiago, Chile, known as the country's main financial hub and one of Latin America's most prosperous urban districts. It concentrates corporate headquarters, luxury hotels, and high-rise offices in a sleek skyline locals call "Sanhattan"—a nod to its blend of Santiago and Manhattan. Beyond its business core, Las Condes is home to exclusive residential neighborhoods, top-ranked schools, and a cosmopolitan mix of international institutions and communities.
Black and Blue (2019 film)
Black and Blue is a 2019 American action thriller film directed by Deon Taylor from a screenplay by Peter A. Dowling. The film stars Naomie Harris, Tyrese Gibson, Frank Grillo, Mike Colter, Reid Scott, and Beau Knapp. It follows a rookie police officer who goes on the run after she witnesses her colleagues commit a murder.

The film had its world premiere at the Urbanworld Film Festival on September 21, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 25, 2019, by Sony Pictures Releasing. It received mostly mixed reviews from critics.

Frank Grillo
Frank Anthony Grillo (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the superhero franchise Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sergeant Leo Barnes in The Purge franchise, and Rick Flag Sr. in the DC Universe (DCU). He has also appeared in Warrior (2011), The Grey (2011), End of Watch (2012), Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Wolf Warrior 2 and Wheelman (both 2017), and Boss Level (2020).

Grillo's television work includes the lead role in Kingdom (2014–2017) as well as recurring roles in Battery Park (2000), For the People (2002–2003), The Shield (2002–2003), Prison Break (2005–2006), Blind Justice (2005), The Kill Point (2007), Billions (2020), Tulsa King (2024), and Peacemaker (2025).
Guo Xiaoting
Xiaoting Guo (Chinese: 郭晓婷, born 2 January 1993) is a Chinese actress. She graduated from Shanghai Theatre Academy in 2015. She is best known for her role in the dramas Chinese Paladin 3 (2009), We Are All Alone (2020), and The Blue Whisper (2022).

Chinese Paladin 3 (TV series)
Chinese Paladin 3 (Chinese: 仙剑奇侠传三) is a 2009 Chinese television series adapted from the video game of the same title, and, because of an added time travel concept allowing the protagonist from Chinese Paladin (2005) to appear in the setting decades before the events of the first. It was first aired on Taizhou Broadcasting Station in June 2009. Chinese Paladin 2 was not filmed because the producers felt that the third game had a much stronger story than the second.

The series achieved massive popularity and topped ratings chart in various regions of China. It was awarded the Ratings Contribution award at the Sichuan Festival.
Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1). This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.

Cervical spinal nerve 6
The cervical spinal nerve 6 (C6) is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment.

It originates from the spinal column from above the cervical vertebra 6 (C6).

The C6 nerve root shares a common branch from C5, and has a role in innervating many muscles of the rotator cuff and distal arm, including:

Subclavius

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Deltoid

Teres minor

Brachioradialis

Serratus anterior

Subscapularis

Pectoralis major

Coracobrachialis

Teres major

Supinator

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Latissimus dorsi

Damage to the C6 motor neuron, by way of impingement, ischemia, trauma, or degeneration of nerve tissue, can cause denervation of one or more of the associated muscles. Muscle atrophy and other secondary complications can occur.
Unimodular polynomial matrix
In mathematics, a unimodular polynomial matrix is a square polynomial matrix whose inverse exists and is itself a polynomial matrix.  Equivalently, a polynomial matrix A is unimodular if its determinant det(A) is a nonzero constant.

Polynomial matrix
In mathematics, a polynomial matrix or matrix of polynomials is a matrix whose elements are univariate or multivariate polynomials. Equivalently, a polynomial matrix is a polynomial whose coefficients are matrices.

A univariate polynomial matrix  of degree   is defined as:

where  denotes a matrix of constant coefficients, and  is non-zero. 
An example 3×3 polynomial matrix, degree 2:

We can express this by saying that for a ring R, the rings  and
 are isomorphic.
Location model (economics)
In economics, a location model or spatial model is any monopolistic competition model that demonstrates consumer preference for particular brands of goods and their locations. Examples of location models include Hotelling's Location Model, Salop's Circle Model, and hybrid variations.

Harold Hotelling
Harold Hotelling (/ˈhoʊtəlɪŋ/; September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was an American mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist, known for Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics, as well as Hotelling's T-squared distribution in statistics. He also developed and named the principal component analysis method widely used in finance, statistics and computer science.

He was associate professor of mathematics at Stanford University from 1927 until 1931, a member of the faculty of Columbia University from 1931 until 1946, and a professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1946 until his death. A street in Chapel Hill bears his name. In 1972, he received the North Carolina Award for contributions to science.
Arron Lyall
Arron John Lyall (born 27 September 2003) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Championship club Greenock Morton on loan from Ross County. He previously played for Airdrieonians, on loan from Rangers.

Scottish Championship
The Scottish Championship known as the William Hill Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish Championship was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
The Silencing
The Silencing is a 2020 action-thriller film directed by Robin Pront from a screenplay by Micah Ranum. It stars Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Annabelle Wallis,  Hero Fiennes Tiffin, Zahn McClarnon, and Melanie Scrofano. The film is about a hunter and a sheriff who track down a murderer who may have kidnapped the hunter's daughter years before.

It was released through DirecTV Cinema on July 16, 2020, and in theaters and VOD on August 14, 2020, by Saban Films.

DirecTV Cinema
DirecTV Cinema (previously known as Direct Ticket, Blockbuster Ticket, Blockbuster Pay-Per-View Movies, and DirecTV Pay-Per-View) is DirecTV's video on demand and pay-per-view platform for film content. Films are released as is done on other pay-TV services, along with exclusive film premieres priced at premium rates before entering theatrical distribution.
Luc Hoffmann
Hans Lukas "Luc" Hoffmann (23 January 1923 – 21 July 2016) was a Swiss ornithologist, conservationist, and philanthropist. He co-founded the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), helped establish the Ramsar Convention for the protection of wetlands, and set up the Tour du Valat research centre in the Camargue area of France.

In 2012, Luc Hoffmann's MAVA Foundation, along with WWF International, established the Luc Hoffmann Institute. He was the author of more than 60 books, mostly ornithological.

Camargue
The Camargue (/kæˈmɑːrɡ/, also UK: /kəˈ-/, US: /kɑːˈ-/, French: [kamaʁɡ]; Provençal: Camarga) is a coastal region in southern France located south of the city of Arles, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône river delta. The eastern arm is called the Grand Rhône; the western is the Petit Rhône.

Administratively, it lies within the department of Bouches-du-Rhône (‘Mouths of the Rhône’); it spans portions of the communes of Arles, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer and Port-Saint-Louis-du-Rhône. A further expanse of marshy plain, known as the "Petite Camargue" (Little Camargue; Occitan: Pichon Camarga), just to the west of the "Petit Rhône", lies within the department of Gard.

The Camargue was designated a Ramsar site as a "Wetland of International Importance" on 1 December 1986. The Petite Camargue received this designation on 8 January 1996.
Square yard
The square yard (Northern India: gaj, Pakistan: gaz) is an imperial unit and U.S. customary unit of area. It is in widespread use in most of the English-speaking world, particularly the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Pakistan and India. It is defined as the area of a square with sides of one yard (three feet, thirty-six inches, 0.9144 metres) in length.

Inch
The inch (symbol: in or ″) is a unit of length in the British Imperial and the United States customary systems of measurement. It is equal to ⁠1/36⁠ yard or ⁠1/12⁠ of a foot. Derived from the Roman uncia ("twelfth"), the word inch is also sometimes used to translate similar units in other measurement systems, usually understood as deriving from the width of the human thumb.

Standards for the exact length of an inch have varied in the past, but since the adoption of the international yard during the 1950s and 1960s the inch has been based on the metric system and defined as exactly 25.4 mm.
Sohni Mahiwal (1946 film)
Sohni Mahiwal is a 1946 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Ishwarlal and Ravindra Jaykar and produced in Bombay by Jayant Desai Productions. It is based on the folk story of Sohni Mahiwal. The film starred Begum Para in the lead role as Sohni, along with Ishwarlal, Mubarak, Dixit and Shobha.

Begum Para
Begum Para (née  Zubeda Ul Haq; 25 December 1926 – 9 December 2008) was an Indian Hindi film actress. She was active mostly in the 1940s and 1950s.  After almost 50 years of absence in the industry, she returned to films with her last role in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Saawariya (2007) as Sonam Kapoor's grandmother. In her time during the 1950s, she was considered a 'glamour girl' of Bollywood, so much so, that Life magazine had a section devoted to her photographs.
Historical capitals of China
There are traditionally four major historical capitals of China: Xi'an (capital of the Western Zhou as Fenghao, of the Western Han as Chang'an, of the Sui as Daxing, and of the Tang as Chang'an); Luoyang (capital of the Eastern Zhou and Eastern Han); Nanjing (capital of the Eastern Jin & the Southern Dynasties as Jiankang and of the early Ming as Yingtian); and Beijing (capital of the late Ming & Qing).

Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (Chinese: 西周; pinyin: Xīzhōu; c. 1046 – 771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang dynasty at the Battle of Muye and ended in 771 BC when Quanrong pastoralists sacked the Zhou capital at Haojing and killed King You of Zhou. The "Western" label for the period refers to the location of the Zhou royal capitals, which were clustered in the Wei River valley near present-day Xi'an.

The early Zhou state was ascendant for about 75 years; thereafter, it gradually lost power. The former lands of the Shang were divided into hereditary fiefs that became increasingly independent of the Zhou king over time. The Zhou court was driven out of the Wei River valley in 771 BC: this marked the beginning of the Eastern Zhou period, wherein political power was wielded in actuality by the king's nominal vassals.
Mary Helen Roberts
Mary Helen Roberts (born September 14, 1947) is an American politician who is a member of the Democratic Party. She is a former member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 21st district from 2005 to 2015. She did not seek re-election in 2014 and was succeeded by Strom Peterson.

Born in Portland, Oregon, Roberts spent her childhood in Portland, Corvallis, Oregon and Southern California. After graduating from high school, she spend one year at Oregon State University and then transferred to UCLA, from where she graduated.

She is openly gay.

Strom Peterson
Strom Howard Peterson (born 1967 or 1968) is a member of the Washington State House of Representatives representing the 21st Legislative District. In September 2022, Peterson was appointed to serve on the Snohomish County Council.
Kim Soo-ok
Kim Soo-ok (born 13 August 1961) is a South Korean former tennis player.

Kim, who played at Wimbledon as a junior, featured regularly for the South Korea Federation Cup team in the 1980s, winning 19 matches, 11 in singles and eight in doubles.

A two-time individual medalist at the Asian Games, Kim finished with a silver medal behind Etsuko Inoue at the 1982 games in New Delhi and a bronze at 1986 games in Seoul. She won three team medals as well, which included a gold medal in 1982.

Etsuko Inoue
Etsuko Inoue (井上 悦子, Inoue Etsuko; born October 18, 1964) is a retired tennis player from Japan.

Inoue twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics: in 1984 (Los Angeles, California) and 1988 (Seoul, South Korea). In 1982, she became  the first winner of the women's tennis competition at the Asian Games.

Married Kejiro Kaneshiro in 1993.
Natasha Loring
Natasha Loring is a South African actress. She first gained prominence through her roles in the films The Dinosaur Project (2012) and Zulu (2013), and the E4 comedy-drama Beaver Falls (2011–2012). She won a SAFTA for her performance in the Showmax thriller Dam (2021–).

Beaver Falls (TV series)
Beaver Falls is a British comedy-drama that follows a trio of Oxford Brookes University graduates who managed to deceitfully get jobs at Beaver Falls, an elitist American summer camp for the beautiful teenage offspring of California's rich and powerful.

The first episode aired on E4 at 27 July 2011. The show was renewed for a second and final series, which began airing on 6 August 2012, also on E4.

On 22 September 2012, it was reported that E4 had cancelled Beaver Falls.
Võ Ngọc Đức
Võ Ngọc Đức (born 10 October 1994) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a left back for V.League 1 club Quảng Nam.

Võ Ngọc Đức came through the Song Lam Nghe An youth system and made his first-team debut in 2014. In December 2021, he joined Bà Rịa Vũng Tàu, before joining Quảng Nam a year later.

Quang Nam FC
Quảng Nam Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ Bóng đá Quảng Nam), was a professional football club, based in Tam Kỳ, Quảng Nam province (currently Tam Kỳ ward, Đà Nẵng). Their best achievement is winning the V.League 1 in 2017.

The team played at the 16,700 capacity Tam Kỳ Stadium.
Criminal (2016 film)
Criminal is a 2016 American action thriller film directed by Ariel Vromen and written by Douglas Cook and David Weisberg. The film is about a convict who is implanted with a dead CIA agent's memories to finish an assignment. The film stars Kevin Costner, Gary Oldman, and Tommy Lee Jones, in the second collaboration among all three following the 1991 film JFK. The film also features Gal Gadot and Antje Traue with the death of Ryan Reynolds's character, early in the film, setting the plot in motion.

Principal photography began on September 4, 2014, in London. The film was produced by Campbell-Grobman Films and Millennium Films and was released on April 15, 2016. It received generally negative reviews from critics and was a financial disappointment, grossing $38.8 million against its $31.5 million budget.

Antje Traue
Antje Traue (German: [ˈantjə ˈtʁaʊə]; born 18 January 1981) is a German actress. She started performing in plays as a sixteen-year-old in 1997, made her first screen appearance in the 2000 German film Verlorene Kinder, and appeared in her first English-language role for the 2009 film Pandorum. Internationally, she is known for her portrayal of the villain Faora-Ul in the DC Extended Universe films Man of Steel (2013) and The Flash (2023), as well as Agnes Nielsen in the German Netflix series Dark.
Abels Moving Services
Abels Moving Services is a UK-based moving company specialising in domestic and international relocation.  The removal and storage company has its headquarters  in Brandon, Suffolk, with facilities in London, Cambridge, Daventry covering the whole of the UK. It became the first removals firm to be granted a Royal Warrant in 1989, by appointment to HM the Queen for removals and storage services. As of 2016, the company still holds this warrant.

Brandon, Suffolk
Brandon is a town and civil parish in the English county of Suffolk. Brandon is located in the Breckland area of Suffolk in the extreme north-west of the county, close to the adjoining county of Norfolk. It lies between the towns of Bury St Edmunds, Thetford, Mildenhall, Downham Market and the city of Ely. The town is almost entirely surrounded by Thetford Forest.

Best known throughout the ages for its flint industry, Brandon was also one of the Brecks-area towns where soldiers trained during World Wars I and II. The town has had a sizeable Polish population since the end of the Second World War, when Polish Allied soldiers were resettled under the Polish Resettlement Act of 1947.
Bernie Juskiewicz
Bernard Charles Juskiewicz Jr. (/ˈdʒʌskwɪts/ JUSS-kwits; April 6, 1943 – April 8, 2020) was an American politician in the state of Vermont. He was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives, who sat as a Republican from the Lamoille-3 district, after having been elected for the first time in 2012.  Juskiewicz did not seek reelection in 2018. He also served on the Lamoille Union High School Board, the Cambridge Elementary School Board and the Cambridge Select Board.

Vermont House of Representatives
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of Vermont. The House comprises 150 members, with each member representing around 4,100 citizens. Representatives are elected to two-year terms without term limits.

Vermont had a unicameral legislature until 1836. It added a senate by constitutional amendment. The House meets in Representatives Hall at the Vermont State House in Montpelier. It is the only U.S. state legislature whose debating chamber seating layout comes closer to that of the Westminster-style parliament found elsewhere, being similar to debating chambers in Australian state parliaments.