hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kleene star
In formal language theory, the Kleene star (or Kleene operator or Kleene closure) refer to two related unary operations, that can be applied either to an alphabet of symbols or to a formal language, a set of strings (finite sequences of symbols).

The Kleene star operator on an alphabet V generates the set V* of all finite-length strings over V, that is, finite sequences whose elements belong to V; in mathematics, it is more commonly known as the free monoid construction. The Kleene star operator on a language L generates another language L*, the set of all strings that can be obtained as a concatenation of zero or more members of L. In both cases, repetitions are allowed.

The Kleene star operators are named after American mathematician Stephen Cole Kleene, who first introduced and widely used it to characterize automata for regular expressions.

Unary operation
In mathematics, a unary operation is an operation with only one operand, i.e. a single input. This is in contrast to binary operations, which use two operands. An example is any function ⁠⁠, where A is a set; the function ⁠⁠ is a unary operation on A.

Common notations are prefix notation (e.g. ¬, −), postfix notation (e.g. factorial n!), functional notation (e.g. sin x or sin(x)), and superscripts (e.g. transpose AT). Other notations exist as well, for example, in the case of the square root, a horizontal bar extending the square root sign over the argument can indicate the extent of the argument.
Grundy Municipal Airport
Grundy Municipal Airport (ICAO: KGDY, FAA LID: GDY) was a public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Grundy, a town in Buchanan County, Virginia, United States. It was publicly owned by the Town of Grundy and was operated by the Grundy Municipal Airport Commission. Grundy Municipal was the only airport operating in Buchanan County.  Small personal and charter planes used the facility. It was a 3 miles (5 km) drive from Grundy, the county seat of Buchanan County.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport was assigned GDY by the FAA but had no designation from the IATA.

Airport is now permanently closed as of October 31, 2019.

Buchanan County, Virginia
Buchanan County (/bə.kæn.ən/) is a United States county in far western Virginia, the only county in the state to border both West Virginia and Kentucky. The county is part of the Southwest Virginia region and lies in the rugged Appalachian Plateau portion of the Appalachian Mountains. Its county seat is Grundy. Buchanan County was established in 1858 from parts of Russell and Tazewell counties, and it was named in honor of then-President James Buchanan. Local pronunciation differs from that of the 15th president's surname; here the county is pronounced as 
"Búh-can-nin". In 1880, part of Buchanan County was taken to form Dickenson County.

As of the 2020 census, the county population was 20,355. Its population has decreased by double digits in each census over the last forty years. As of 2012, Buchanan was the fifth-poorest county in Virginia, when ranked by median household income; it has consistently been in the bottom 5% over the past decade.
Angela Clay
Angela Clay is an American politician and activist. She is the alderwoman for the 46th ward in the Chicago City Council, having won the 2023 election for the office. The 46th ward includes portions of the Uptown and Lakeview neighborhoods.

Uptown, Chicago
Uptown is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. It is bounded by Foster Avenue to the north; Montrose Avenue and Irving Park Road to the south; Lake Michigan to the east; and Ravenswood Avenue and Clark Street to the west.

Uptown rose to prominence in the early twentieth century as Chicagoland's largest commercial and entertainment center outside of the Loop thanks to its plentiful theaters, clubs, shops and parkland. It was also a center for early film-making. To this day Uptown remains a hub for live entertainment, particularly Uptown Square.

Uptown's amenities include Montrose Beach and multiple nature reserves. It is also home to Truman College and the historic Graceland Cemetery.
Jackson Jeffcoat
Jackson Jeffcoat (born December 26, 1990) is an American former professional football defensive end who played for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL) and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Jeffcoat won the 107th and 108th Grey Cup when the Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats to conclude the 2019 and 2021 seasons. He played college football for the Texas Longhorns. Jeffcoat was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2014.

108th Grey Cup
The 108th Grey Cup decided the Canadian Football League (CFL) championship for the 2021 season. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 season was cancelled and the start of the 2021 season was delayed, pushing the game to December 12, 2021. The 108th Grey Cup was a rematch of the 107th Grey Cup in 2019 between the defending Grey Cup and West Division champion Winnipeg Blue Bombers and the East Division champion Hamilton Tiger-Cats, at Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, Ontario. The Blue Bombers defeated the Tiger-Cats 33–25 in overtime for their second straight title, making them the first team in 11 years to win two straight Grey Cups. This game was also the fourth Grey Cup to go into overtime, with the other three instances coming in 1961, 2005 and 2016.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency is a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) which produces a higher than normal amount of androgen, resulting from a defect in the gene encoding the enzyme steroid 11β-hydroxylase (11β-OH) which mediates the final step of cortisol synthesis in the adrenal. 11β-OH CAH results in hypertension due to excessive mineralocorticoid effects. It also causes excessive androgen production both before and after birth and can virilize a genetically female fetus or a child of either sex.

Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.

Cortisol is produced in many animals, mainly by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in an adrenal gland. In other tissues, it is produced in lower quantities. By a diurnal cycle, cortisol is released and increases in response to stress and a low blood-glucose concentration. It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, suppress the immune system, and aid in the metabolism of calories. It also decreases bone formation. These stated functions are carried out by cortisol binding to glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid receptors inside a cell, which then bind to DNA to affect gene expression.
Diehl (company)
Diehl Stiftung & Co. KG is a German corporate group headquartered in Nuremberg. It is owned by seven members of the Diehl family.

The group is divided into five corporate divisions. In 2023, the largest business segment by revenue was the Defence division (29.4%). Other segments are Aviation (27.1%), Metal (20.7%), Controls (11.5%) and Metering (11.3%).

Diehl Defence
Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG is a German weapon manufacturer headquartered in Überlingen. It operates as a division of Diehl Stiftung and specializes in the production of missiles and ammunition.

Diehl BGT Defence was established in 2004 through the merger of Bodenseewerke Gerätetechnik GmbH and Diehl Munitionssysteme GmbH & Co. KG. In February 2017, Diehl BGT Defence and Diehl Defence Holding were integrated into Diehl Defence.

In 1960, Bodenseewerke Gerätetechnik became the lead contractor for producing the American Sidewinder AIM-9B air-to-air missile in Europe.

Building on the knowledge gained from the Sidewinder's infrared homing technology, Diehl Defence developed the seeker system for the IRIS-T short-range air-to-air missile. Introduced in 2005, the IRIS-T has been adopted by 13 countries as of October 2022.
Nüümü Hu Hupi
Nüümü Hu Hupi (formerly Squaw Lake) is a small lake in the eastern Sierra Nevada, near the John Muir Trail in John Muir Wilderness. It is located 1.8 miles (2.9 km) west-northwest of Mount Izaak Walton and 5 miles (8.0 km) north-northeast of Lake Thomas A Edison. at an altitude of 10,315 feet (3,144 m). The outflow of Nüümü Hu Hupi becomes Fish Creek, which eventually joins the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River. The name was controversial because squaw is an ethnic and sexual slur, historically used for indigenous North American women. The name was changed by the United States Board of Geographic Names on September 8, 2022.

John Muir Wilderness
The John Muir Wilderness is a wilderness area that extends along the crest of the Sierra Nevada of California for 90 miles (140 km), in the Inyo and Sierra National Forests.  Established in 1964 by the Wilderness Act and named for naturalist John Muir, it encompasses 652,793 acres (2,641.76 km2). The wilderness lies along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra from near Mammoth Lakes and Devils Postpile National Monument in the north, to Cottonwood Pass near Mount Whitney in the south. The wilderness area also spans the Sierra crest north of Kings Canyon National Park, and extends on the west side of the park down to the Monarch Wilderness.
Nahda Club Barelias
Nahda Club Barelias (Arabic: نادي النهضة برالياس, lit. 'Renaissance Club Barelias'), or simply Nahda, is a football club based in Barelias,  Beqaa, Lebanon, that competes in the Lebanese Third Division. The club was established in 1986 and competes in the Lebanese Second Division after gaining promotion from the Third Division in 2018.

Lebanese Third Division
The Lebanese Third Division (Arabic: الدوري اللبناني الدرجة الثالثة) is the third division of Lebanese football, and is controlled by the Lebanese Football Association.

The 23 teams are divided into four groups of six teams each (one group has 5 teams); the first two teams of each group qualify to the playoffs and the first two teams of these playoffs qualify to the Lebanese Second Division and replace the relegated teams. On the other hand, the last two teams will be submitted to the playoffs that will decide which two of these four teams will be relegated to the Lebanese Fourth Division.
Assumption-based planning
Assumption-based planning in project management is a post-planning method that helps companies to deal with uncertainty. It is used to identify the most important assumptions in a company's business plans, to test these assumptions, and to accommodate unexpected outcomes.

Business plan
A business plan is a formal written document containing the goals of a business, the methods for attaining those goals, and the time-frame for the achievement of the goals. It also describes the nature of the business, background information on the organization, the organization's financial projections, and the strategies it intends to implement to achieve the stated targets. In its entirety, this document serves as a road-map (a plan) that provides direction to the business.

Written business plans are often required to obtain a bank loan or other kind of financing. Templates  and guides, such as the ones offered in the United States by the Small Business Administration can be used to facilitate producing a business plan.
Paul Simon (politician)
Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American author and politician from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985 and in the United States Senate from 1985 to 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, he unsuccessfully ran for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination.

After his political career, Simon founded the Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University Carbondale in Carbondale, Illinois, which was later named for him. There he taught classes on politics, history and journalism. Simon was famous for his distinctive bow tie and horn-rimmed glasses.

1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From February 8 to June 14, 1988, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1988 United States presidential election. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1988 Democratic National Convention held from July 18 to July 21, 1988, in Atlanta, Georgia.
Brian Shoop
Brian Shoop is an American baseball former coach and player. He played college baseball at Malone University from 1977 to 1980. He then served as the head baseball coach of the Birmingham–Southern Panthers (1990–2006) and the UAB Blazers (2007–2020)

Birmingham–Southern College
Birmingham–Southern College (BSC) was a private liberal arts college in Birmingham, Alabama. Founded in 1856, the college was affiliated with the United Methodist Church and was accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). The college's student body was approximately 975 students when it closed at the end of the 2023–24 school year after years of financial trouble.
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone
The Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone (Bayan Lepas FIZ) is a free trade zone within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located adjacent to the Penang International Airport and 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the city centre, it is a high-tech industrial park widely regarded as the Silicon Valley of the East.

Created in 1972 as Malaysia's first free trade zone, the Bayan Lepas FIZ played a critical role in Penang's economic diversification and is now home to various multinational corporations, including Bosch, Motorola, Dell, Intel and Hewlett-Packard.

Free-trade zone
A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a class of special economic zone. It is a geographic area where goods may be imported, stored, handled, manufactured, or reconfigured and re-exported under specific customs regulation and generally not subject to customs duty. Free trade zones are generally organized around major seaports, international airports, and national frontiers—areas with many geographic advantages for trade.
Utskor
Utskor or Utskår is a village in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern side of Malnesfjorden on the western part of the island of Langøya in the Vesterålen archipelago. The village of Eidet lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the south, at the end of the fjord.

Vesterålen
Vesterålen (English: /ˈvɛstərɔːlən/ VEST-ər-aw-lən, Norwegian: [ˈvɛ̂stəroːɫn̩]; Northern Sami: Viestterálas) is a district and archipelago in Nordland county, Norway. It is located just north of Lofoten and west of Harstad. It is the northernmost part of Nordland county. Sortland is the largest town, situated near the center of the archipelago. Vesterålen includes the municipalities of Andøy, Bø, Hadsel, Sortland, and Øksnes.
Suicide machines
Suicide machines may mean:

machines for auto-euthanasia, see euthanasia device

fictional machines for suicide, see suicide booth

The Suicide Machines, an American punk rock band
The Suicide Machines (album), an album by the aforementioned group
The Suicide Machines / Potshot, an EP by the aforementioned group

Euthanasia device
A euthanasia device is a machine engineered to allow an individual to die quickly with minimal pain. The most common devices are those designed to help terminally ill people die by voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide without prolonged pain. They may be operated by a second party, such as a physician, or by the person wishing to die. There is an ongoing debate on the ethics of euthanasia and the use of euthanasia devices.
Josh Ferguson
Josh Ferguson (born May 23, 1993) is an American former professional football running back. He played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini, and signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2016.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Karim Matmour
Karim Matmour (Arabic: كريم مطمور; born 25 June 1985) is a former Algerian professional footballer who played as a winger.

During his career, Matmour played for SC Freiburg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Eintracht Frankfurt, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, Al-Arabi, Huddersfield Town, 1860 Munich and Adelaide United.

An Algerian international from 2007, Matmour featured at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. During his career, he won 30 international caps and scored twice.

2010 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football championship of Africa (CAF). It was held in Angola, from 10 January to 31 January 2010.

In the tournament, the hosts Angola were to be joined by 15 nations who advanced from the qualification process that began in October 2007 and involved 53 African national teams. The withdrawal of Togo two days before the tournament began, after a terrorist attack on their bus upon arriving in Angola, reduced the number of participating nations to 15. A total of 29 games were played, instead of the scheduled 32 because of the reduced teams. Egypt won the tournament, their seventh ACN title and an unprecedented third in a row, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final.
Konidela–Allu family
The Konidela–Allu family is a prominent Indian film family known for their work in Telugu cinema. The family, spanning at least three generations, is involved in films, business ventures, and politics. The prominent heads of the family are actor Chiranjeevi and his late father-in-law, the comedian Allu Ramalingaiah. The family is colloquially known as Mega family in reference to the moniker of Chiranjeevi—Mega Star.

Allu Ramalingaiah
Allu Ramalingaiah (1 October 1922 – 31 July 2004) was an Indian character actor, comedian, and producer known for his works in Telugu cinema. In 1990, he was honoured with the Padma Shri for his contribution to Indian cinema. In 1998, he received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award - South, and the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award in 2001. Ramalingaiah appeared in over 1000 films in a variety of roles. The "Allu Ramalingaiah National Award" was instituted in his memory by the "Allu Ramalingaiah Academy of Arts". The award is presented every year to a Telugu film personality for lifetime achievement.
He is the father in law of Telugu hero Chiranjeevi. Surekha Konidala is his daughter.
Linnea Henriksson
Ellen Linnea Petrea Henriksson (born 9 November 1986) is a Swedish singer and songwriter who participated in Idol 2010 in which she placed fourth. As of April 2018, she is also the lead singer of the jazz band Prylf. In 2012, Henriksson released her first music album, which she co-wrote and co-produced with singer Orup. During mid-2013, Henriksson toured Sweden with the band Gyllene Tider.

Orup
Hans Thomas Eriksson (born 29 November 1958), known by his stage name Orup, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and musician who enjoyed major success in his native country and Scandinavia in the late 1980s and early 1990s with songs like "Jag blir hellre jagad av vargar", "Regn hos mej", "M.B.", "Då står pojkarna på rad", "Magaluf", and "Stockholm". Orup has also written several songs for other performers. He wrote the winning song of Melodifestivalen 2004, "Det gör ont" performed by Lena Philipsson.  He was one of the judges on X Factor in 2012. Orup also took part in season 5 of the Swedish TV-show Så mycket bättre, broadcast on TV4.
Makai Polk
Makai Polk (born August 4, 2001) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a Grey Cup champion after winning with the Argonauts in the 2024. He played college football for the California Golden Bears before transferring to the Mississippi State Bulldogs.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Austin Jackson (baseball)
Austin Jarriel Jackson (born February 1, 1987) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers, Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets. Prior to playing professionally, he attended Billy Ryan High School.

The New York Yankees selected Jackson in the 2005 MLB draft and traded him to the Tigers at the end of the 2009 season, where he made his MLB debut in 2010. The next two seasons, he made the postseason on both occasions with the Tigers. During those seasons, he led the American League in hitting triples, and won the Fielding Bible Award for center field in 2011.

2005 Major League Baseball draft
The 2005 Major League Baseball draft, was held on June 7 and 8.  It was conducted via conference call with representatives from each of the league's 30 teams. It is widely considered to be one of the best drafts in recent memory.

Source: Major League Baseball 2005 Official Draft Site
AXXo
aXXo is the Internet alias of an individual who released and standardized commercial film DVDs as free downloads on the Internet between 2005 and 2009. The files, which were usually new films, were popular among the file sharing community using peer-to-peer file sharing protocols such as BitTorrent. A download-tracking firm BigChampagne found — in a sampling period in late 2008 — that almost 33.5% of all movie downloads were aXXo torrents. aXXo encoded files to approximately 700 MB – the same size for a compact disc. Due to the re-encoded quality of an aXXo file, the suffix "aXXo" was often used by imitators.

File sharing
File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. Common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include removable media, centralized servers on computer networks, Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.

File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent, are integral to modern media piracy, as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content.