hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Attenuator (electronics)
An attenuator is a passive broadband electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform.

An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than unity. An attenuator is often referred to as a "pad" in audio electronics.

Passivity (engineering)
Passivity is a property of engineering systems, most commonly encountered in analog electronics and control systems. Typically, analog designers use passivity to refer to incrementally passive components and systems, which are incapable of power gain. In contrast, control systems engineers will use passivity to refer to thermodynamically passive ones, which consume, but do not produce, energy. As such, without context or a qualifier, the term passive is ambiguous.

An electronic circuit consisting entirely of passive components is called a passive circuit, and has the same properties as a passive component.

If a device is not passive, then it is an active device.
Black Creek (Florida)
Black Creek is a tributary of the St. Johns River in Clay County, Florida. It is formed by the confluence of North Fork Black Creek and South Fork Black Creek. North Fork Black Creek originates as an outflow from Kingsley Lake and flows north and then southeast, meeting South Fork Black Creek on the east side of MIddleburg. North Fork Black Creek has Yellow Water Creek as its main tributary. South Fork Black Creek originates in a chain of lakes about four miles south of Kingsley Lake, with Ates Creek, Bull Creek, and Greens Creek as its main tributaries. Both forks are fed by areas of wetlands and numerous small streams.

Middleburg, Florida
Middleburg is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) within Clay County in the U.S. state of Florida, located 26 miles (42 km) southwest of downtown Jacksonville and 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Green Cove Springs, the county seat of Clay County. As of the 2020 census, the population of Middleburg was 12,881, down from 13,008 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is home to Middleburg High School and to the Middleburg Historic District.
Chuck O'Bannon Jr.
Charles Edward O'Bannon Jr. (born March 1, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Nitra Blue Wings of the Slovakian Extraliga. He played college basketball for the TCU Horned Frogs and the USC Trojans.

TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball
The TCU Horned Frogs men's basketball team represents Texas Christian University, located in Fort Worth, Texas, in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition.  Since 2016, the Horned Frogs have been led by TCU Lettermen's Hall of Fame member, head coach Jamie Dixon. TCU has competed in the Big 12 Conference since 2012 and previously competed in the Mountain West Conference (2005–2012), Conference USA (2001–2005), Western Athletic Conference (1996–2001) and Southwest Conference (1923–1996).  The Horned Frogs play their home games on campus at Ed & Rae Schollmaier Arena, formerly known as Daniel–Meyer Coliseum, which reopened in December 2015 after a $72 million renovation.
Circassian flag
The Circassian flag (Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэ нып) is the national flag of the Circassians. It consists of a green field charged with twelve gold stars, nine forming an arc resembling a bow and three horizontal, also charged with three crossed arrows in the center. Seferbiy Zaneqo, a Circassian diplomat, is the designer of the flag. Every year, April 25 is celebrated as the Circassian flag day by Circassians. Another version of the flag is currently officially used by the Republic of Adygea of the Russian Federation as its national flag.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
John McTernan
John McTernan (born 1959) is a British political strategist and commentator. He has been a  political adviser to the Labour Party.

McTernan was Prime Minister Tony Blair's Director of Political Operations from 2005 to 2007. He then worked on the November 2007 Australian Labor Party federal election campaign. From 2007 to 2010 he was special adviser to two Cabinet Ministers in Gordon Brown's Labour Government: first to Des Browne, Secretary of State for Scotland and Secretary of State for Defence, and then to Jim Murphy MP, the Secretary of State for Scotland from 2008 until May 2010. From June 2010 to October 2011, he was a columnist at The Scotsman, and then director of communications for the Australian Labor prime minister, Julia Gillard, from September 2011 to June 2013.
He was chief of staff to the 2014–2015 leader of the Scottish Labour Party, Jim Murphy, who resigned after the Labour Party lost all but one seat in Scotland, including Murphy's, in the 2015 general election.

Special adviser (United Kingdom)
A Special Adviser, also known as a SpAd, is a temporary civil servant who advises and assists UK government ministers or ministers in the Scottish and Welsh devolved governments. They differ from impartial civil servants in that they are political appointees.

Special advisers are paid by the government and appointed under Section 15 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. There are four pay bands for special advisers.
904 Rockefellia
904 Rockefellia (prov. designation: A918 UC or 1918 EO) is a dark and large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, that measures approximately 59 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 29 October 1918, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 6.8 hours and is rather spherical in shape. It was named after American philanthropist and oil industrialist John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937).

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
Gerry McHugh
Gerry McHugh  (born 9 October 1957) is an Irish Republican politician, active in Northern Ireland, who was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Fermanagh and South Tyrone from 1998 to 2003, and then again from 2007 to 2011.

Additionally, McHugh was a Fermanagh District Councillor for the Enniskillen DEA from 1997 to 2011, having previously represented the Erne East DEA from 1993 to 1997.

Formerly a member of Sinn Féin, he resigned from the party in 2007, remaining an independent for the remainder of his time as an MLA and councillor.

Erne East (District Electoral Area)
Erne East is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Fermanagh and Omagh, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Fermanagh and Omagh District Council and contains the wards of Brookeborough, Donagh, Lisnaskea, Maguiresbridge, Newtownbutler and Rosslea. Erne East forms part of the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Fermanagh Area A and Fermanagh Area B which had existed since 1973, where it originally contained six wards (Brookeborough, Donagh, Lisnaskea, Maguires Bridge, Newtownbutler and Rosslea).
Someș County
Someș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania. The county seat was Dej.

In 1938, the county was disestablished and incorporated into the newly formed Ținutul Crișuri, but it was re-established in 1940 after the fall of King Carol II's regime, only to be abolished 10 years later by the Communist regime.

Regions of the People's Republic of Romania
The regions represented the result of a Soviet-inspired experiment regarding the administrative and territorial organisation of the Romanian People's Republic (later Socialist Republic of Romania) between 1950 and 1968.

See also: Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania.
2003 Jigawa State gubernatorial election
The 2003 Jigawa State gubernatorial election occurred in Nigeria on April 19, 2003. The ANPP nominee Ibrahim Saminu Turaki won the election, defeating Mohammed Alkali of the PDP.

Ibrahim Saminu Turaki emerged ANPP candidate. He picked Ibrahim Hassan Hadejia as his running mate. Mohammed Alkali was the PDP candidate with Ahmed Adulhamid Madori as his running mate.

Mohammed Alkali
Senator Mohammed D. Alkali (born 17 January 1950) was elected Senator for the Jigawa North West constituency of Jigawa State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He served from 29 May 1999 until May 2003.
Michelle Lee (singer)
Michelle Lee (Korean: 이미쉘; born September 9, 1991) is a South Korean singer. After successfully auditioning for K-pop Star season 1 in 2011, she was eventually signed to YG Entertainment as part of a new girl group called SuPearls. However, after two years of training, the group was suddenly disbanded before they could debut and Lee's contract was nullified.

She was signed as of 2013 to DIMA Entertainment, the affiliate agency of her alma mater, the Dong-ah Institute of Media and Arts.

Jamie (singer)
Park Ji-min (Korean: 박지민; born July 5, 1997), known professionally as Jamie or Jamie Park, and formerly Jimin Park, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and television host. She is best known as the winner of the first season of K-pop Star and as a former member of the vocal duo 15& and the project group M.O.L.A. She was formerly a co-host of the variety show After School Club from 2014 to 2022.
Naqada I
The Naqada I culture, originally called the Amratian culture, was the first Pre-dynastic archaeological culture of prehistoric Egypt, centering on Upper Egypt. Depending on the sources, it lasted approximately from 3,750 to 3,500 BC, from c. 4,000/3,900 to c. 3,600 BC, or from 4,000 to 3,500 BC. It corresponds to the original Flinders Petrie "Sequence Dates" SD 31–37.

All Naqada I sites are located in Upper Egypt, ranging from Matmar in the north, to Kubaniya and Khor Bahan in the south. The Amratian/ Naqada I culture is broadly similar to the previous Badarian culture, and may to some extent be considered as a later variation, characterized with more diversity in the types of graves, and therefore the appearance of a level of social hierarchy.

Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر Ṣaʿīd Miṣr, shortened to الصعيد, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [es.sˤe.ˈʕiːd], locally: [es.sˤɑ.ˈʕiːd]) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus starts at Beni Suef and stretches down to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
Puck Pieterse
Puck Pieterse (pronounced [pʏk ˈpitərsə]; born 13 May 2002) is a Dutch cyclist specializing in road, cyclo-cross and mountain biking. She currently rides for Fenix–Premier Tech. In 2024 as under 23 world champion in the road race. Pieterse is known for her ability to bunny hop the plank barriers in cyclo-cross races.

2024 UCI Road World Championships – Women's road race
The women's road race of the 2024 UCI Road World Championships was a cycling event that took
place on 28 September 2024 in Zurich, Switzerland. The race was won by Belgian rider Lotte Kopecky for the second year running.
Oxycarenus laetus
Oxycarenus laetus, commonly known as the dusky cotton bug, is a species of plant bug belonging to the family Lygaeidae. It is sometimes known as the Egyptian cotton stainer, and is found in southern Asia where it is a pest of cotton, okra and other crops.

Okra
Okra (US: /ˈoʊkrə/, UK: /ˈɒkrə/), Abelmoschus esculentus, known in some English-speaking countries as lady's fingers, is a flowering plant in the mallow family native to East Africa. Cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world for its edible green (red in some cultivars) seed pods, okra is used in the cuisines of many countries.
Heart Beats (Dami Im album)
Heart Beats is the third studio album by Australian recording artist Dami Im, released on 14 October 2014 by Sony Music Australia. While Im's previous self-titled debut album consisted of cover songs she performed on The X Factor Australia, Heart Beats features a mixture of original ballads and up-tempo pop songs. Im worked on the album with many songwriters and producers, including Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo, Louis Schoorl, DNA Songs, Trinity and Hayley Warner.

Upon its release, Heart Beats debuted at number seven on the ARIA Albums Chart and became Im's second top-ten album. The album was preceded by the release of its first two singles, "Super Love" and "Gladiator", both of which peaked at number 11 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. The former also reached the top-twenty on the South Korea Gaon Charts and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association, while the latter was certified gold.

Circle Chart
The Circle Chart (Korean: 써클차트; RR: Sseokeul-chateu), previously known as the Gaon Music Chart or the Gaon Chart (Korean: 가온차트; RR: Gaon-chateu), tabulates the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in South Korea. Founded in 2010, it is produced by the Korea Music Content Association and sponsored by South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Graham Plant
Graham W Plant (born 15 December 1949) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England. He won the Second Division Riders Championship in 1968. He earned five international caps for the England national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain team.

British League Division Two Riders Championship
The British League Division Two Riders Championship was a motorcycle speedway contest between the top riders from each club (with the highest average points) competing in the second tier of British speedway.
Dysfunctional family
A dysfunctional family is a family in which conflict, misbehavior and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly. Children that grow up in such families may think such a situation is normal. Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or often by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents. In some cases, the dominant parent will abuse or neglect their children and the other parent will not object, misleading a child to assume blame.

Blame
Blame is the act of censuring, holding responsible, or making negative statements about an individual or group that their actions or inaction are socially or morally irresponsible, the opposite of praise. When someone is morally responsible for doing something wrong, their action is blameworthy. By contrast, when someone is morally responsible for doing something right, it may be said that their action is praiseworthy. There are other senses of praise and blame that are not ethically relevant. One may praise someone's good dress sense, and blame their own sense of style for their own dress sense.
Thad McFadden (basketball)
Thaddus Dewayn McFadden Jr. (born May 29, 1987) is an American-Georgian professional basketball player for Bàsquet Menorca of the Spanish Primera FEB. Standing at 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in), he plays at both guard positions. He played two years of JUCO college basketball at St. Clair County CC, and two years of Division II college basketball at Fairmont State, where he later went into the Fairmont State Hall of Fame. McFadden then entered the 2009 NBA draft, but he was not selected in the draft's two rounds. McFadden has won three Cypriot League championships.

St. Clair County Community College
St. Clair County Community College (SC4) is a public community college in Port Huron, Michigan. It serves as the primary center of higher education for the Blue Water Area. SC4 offers associate degree and certificate programs. It also offers online classes and transfer programs to four-year institutions. In addition, working with University Center partners, students can earn Bachelor's and Master's degrees on the SC4 campus.

Classes are held in classrooms on the SC4 campus and taught online. SC4 serves a large portion of the Thumb region of Michigan.
Centretown West
Centretown West, also known as West Centretown or Dalhousie is a neighbourhood in Somerset Ward in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is home to the city's Little Italy and Chinatown enclaves.

The Ottawa Neighbourhood Study defines the neighbourhood as lying to the west of Bronson Avenue and LeBreton Street South (south of the Queensway), to the east of O-Train Line 2, north of Carling Avenue, and south of Scott Street, near Nanny Goat Hill. To the east lies Centretown, to the north lies Lebreton Flats, to the west lies Hintonburg, and to the south lies Dow's Lake. At its narrowest definition, the neighbourhood's northern boundary is Somerset and its southern boundary is the Queensway.

Historically, the area was part of Dalhousie Ward until 1994. The community association for the area is the Dalhousie Community Association. The local food bank is the Dalhousie Food Cupboard.

Chinatown, Ottawa
Ottawa's Chinatown is located along Somerset Street west of downtown Ottawa. It runs from Bay Street in the east to Preston Street in the west (according to the Chinatown BIA). Signs for Chinatown continue along Somerset until Preston Street, and Chinese/Asian restaurants can be found even farther west.

The BIA was designated in 1989 and was named Somerset Heights until it was renamed Chinatown in 2005.

While officially designated "Chinatown," the area is home to businesses from many Asian cultures, such as Vietnamese, Korean and Thai. Restaurants specializing in Phở and dim sum are quite common. The Ottawa Chinatown has on one hand an urban character as it is not a cluster of strip malls, but on the other hand, it is focused on one commercial street, surrounded exclusively by residential areas.

A traditional Paifang archway has been built upon the entrance to the western section of Chinatown over Somerset Street, west of Bronson Avenue. It was unveiled in the early Fall of 2010.
The Anthropocene Extinction
The Anthropocene Extinction is the sixth studio album by American death metal band Cattle Decapitation. It was released on August 7, 2015, on Metal Blade Records. It became Cattle Decapitation's first album to chart on the Billboard 200, debuting at No. 100 (No. 44 on "Top Albums").

Metal Blade Records
Metal Blade Records (often shortened to Metal Blade) is an American independent record label founded by Brian Slagel in 1982 based in the U.S. state of California. The label primarily focuses on heavy metal.
Sofiegade
Sofiegade is a street in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Christianshavns Kanal in the northwest to Christianshavns Voldgade and Christianshavns Vold in the southeast, passing Dronningensgade and Prinsessegade on the way.

Christianshavns Kanal
Christianshavns Kanal (English: Christianshavn Canal) is a canal in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Denmark. Running northeast–southwest, it bisects the neighbourhood along its length. To the north it connects to Trangraven, the canal which separates Christianshavn from Holmen; to the south it makes an angular break and empties in the main harbour a little north of the Langebro bridge. At the middle, Christianshavns Kanal is crossed by Børnehusbroen. This bridge is part of Torvegade, the main thoroughfare of Christianshavn, connecting the city centre across Knippelsbro to the northwest to Amager the southeast. The only other bridge traversing the canal is Snorrebroen, located further north.

Christianshavns Kanal is noted for its bustling sailing community with numerous house- and sailboats, particularly in the northern half of the canal.
Étienne Félix d'Henin de Cuvillers
Étienne Félix d'Henin de Cuvillers (1755–1841) was a French magnetizer and an early practitioner of mesmerism as a scientific discipline. He's best known for coining the term hypnotism.

Hénin de Cuvillers was a follower of Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815). However, unlike Mesmer he did not believe in the existence of a "magnetic fluid" in animal magnetism, and instead emphasized the role of mental processes in mesmerism. In his book Le magnétisme éclairé (The Enlightened Magnetism), he describes accounts of mesmeric effects in terms of belief and suggestibility.

He is credited for popularizing a system of scientific nomenclature by using the prefix "hypn" in words such as hypnotique (hypnotic), hypnotisme (hypnotism) and hypnotiste (hypnotist). He used these terms as early as 1820, and is believed by many to have coined these names. In 1820 he became editor of the Archives du Magnetisme Animal (Archives of Animal Magnetism).

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.