hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flag of Tanzania
The national flag of Tanzania (bendera ya Tanzania) consists of a gold-edged black bend, divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and light blue lower triangle. Adopted in 1964 to replace the individual flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, it has been the flag of the United Republic of Tanzania since the two states merged that year.  The design of the present flag incorporates the elements from the two former flags. It is one of a relatively small number of national flags incorporating a diagonal line (heraldic bend, bend sinister), with other examples including the DR Congo, Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago and Brunei.

Flag of the Republic of the Congo
The national flag of the Republic of the Congo (French: drapeau de la république du Congo) consists of a yellow diagonal band divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and red lower triangle.  Adopted in 1959 to replace the French Tricolour, it was the flag of the Republic of the Congo until 1970, when the People's Republic of the Congo was established.  The new regime changed the flag to a red field with the coat of arms of the People's Republic in the canton.  This version was utilized until the regime collapsed in 1991.  The new government promptly restored the original pre-1970 flag.
Primary–secondary quality distinction
The primary–secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality.  It is most explicitly articulated by John Locke in his Essay concerning Human Understanding, but earlier thinkers such as Galileo and Descartes made similar distinctions. Primary qualities are thought to be properties of objects that are independent of any observer, such as solidity, extension, motion, number and figure, while secondary qualities are thought to be properties that produce sensations in observers, such as color, taste, smell, and sound.

Reality
Reality is the state of everything that exists, not how they might be imagined. Different cultures and academic disciplines conceptualize it in various ways.

Philosophical questions about the nature of reality, existence, or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, a major branch of metaphysics in the Western intellectual tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, religion, mathematics, and logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (e.g., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g., idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist (e.g., scientific realism), whether God exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether possible worlds exist. Skeptics question whether any of those claims is true, and suggest more extreme postulates.
Asif Panjwani
Asif Panjwani (Hindi: आसिफ पंजवानी, Urdu:  آصف پنجوانی ; born 10 October 1986) is an Indian composer, music director, singer and lyricist. 
Asif Panjwani has also composed music for many TV serials and music albums including Fear Files, Yaaron Ka Tashan, Pyar Tune Kya Kiya, Savitri Devi College & Hospital and Dil Dhoondta Hai.

Savitri Devi College & Hospital
Savitri Devi College & Hospital is an Indian drama television series, that was aired for 365 episodes from 15 May 2017 to 29 September 2018 on Colors TV. Produced by Rashmi Sharma, it starred Swarda Thigale, Varun Kapoor and Vikram Sakhalkar. In 2019, it was re-aired on Rishtey as Mere Dil Ki Lifeline.
Gorny Institute
Gorny Institute (Russian: Горный Институт), also spelled Gornyi Institut, is a stratovolcano located in the Sredinny Range on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula. It lies just east of the Titila volcano and north of the Kebeney volcano.

The volcano is named after the St. Petersburg State Mining Institute which was established by Catherine the Great to oversee the study of mining and mountain geology.

Kebeney
Kebeney (Russian: Кэбеней) is an extinct shield volcano located in central Sredinny Range, in the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia.  It is a basaltic/andesidic shield volcano with a number of cinder cones on its flanks, aligned along the Sredinny Range NE-SW axis.
Cervandonite
Cervandonite is a rare arsenosilicate mineral. It has a chemical formula (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti4+,Al)3SiAs(Si,As)O13 or (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH). It has a monoclinic crustal structure with supercell (Z=6), the crystal structure was established as a trigonal subcell, with space group R3m and a = 6.508(1)Ǻ, c = 18.520(3) Ǻ, V 679.4(2) Ǻ3, and Z=3.  It was first described by Buhler Armbruster in 1988, but it has proven to be problem due to the extreme scarcity of single crystals and its unusual replacement of silicon and arsenic.  Cervandonite is named after the location where it was first described, Pizzo Cervandone (Scherbadung), Italy in the Central Alps.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
Armin Gigović
Armin Gigović (pronounced [ǎrmin ɡîːgoʋitɕ]; born 6 April 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss Super League club Young Boys. Born in Sweden, he plays for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Gigović started his professional career at Helsingborgs IF, before joining Rostov in 2020, who loaned him back to Helsingborgs IF in 2022, to OB later that year and to Midtjylland in 2023. The following year, he signed with Holstein Kiel. In 2025, he was transferred to Young Boys.

A former Swedish youth international, Gigović also made his senior international debut for Sweden, before switching his allegiance to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2024, earning 17 caps since.

FC Rostov
FC Rostov (Russian: Футбольный клуб Ростов, romanized: Futbolnyy klub Rostov) is a Russian professional football club based in Rostov-on-Don. The club competes in the Russian Premier League, playing their home matches at the Rostov Arena.
HMS Harpy (1909)
HMS Harpy was a Beagle-class (from 1913 G-class) destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Beagles were coal-fuelled ships, designed for a speed of 27 kn (31 miles per hour; 50 kilometres per hour) and armed with a 4 in (102 mm) gun and two torpedo tubes. Built by J. Samuel White on the Isle of Wight and launched in 1909, Harpy was initially commissioned the following year into the First Destroyer Flotilla at Portsmouth. In 1912, the warship joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla before being transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as part of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla in 1913. As the First World War approached in 1914, the destroyer was based in Alexandra, Egypt, but was swiftly redeployed to Malta, followed, in 1915, by action in the Dardanelles Campaign.  The destroyer subsequently served as an escort to convoys based at Buncrana, Ireland. After the Armistice of 1918 that ended the war, Harpy was initially transferred to the Nore and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

Buncrana
Buncrana (/ˈbʌnkrænə/ bun-KRA-NA; Irish: Bun Cranncha, meaning 'foot of the (River) Crana') is a town in Inishowen in the north of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. The town sits on the eastern shores of Lough Swilly, being 23 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Derry and 43 kilometres (27 mi) north of Letterkenny. In the 2022 census, the population was 6,971, making it the second most populous town in County Donegal, after Letterkenny, and the largest in Inishowen.

Buncrana is the historic home of the Ó Dochartaigh (O'Doherty) clan and originally developed as a town around the defensive tower known as O'Doherty's Keep, at the mouth of the River Crana. The town was moved to its present location, just south of the River Crana, when George Vaughan had the current Main Street laid out in 1718.

The town was a major centre for the textile industry in County Donegal from the 19th century until the mid-2000s (decade).
Electoral district of Young
Young was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after and including the town of Young. It elected two members between 1880 and 1894 and one member from 1894 to 1904, when it was replaced by Burrangong. The sitting member George Burgess (Labour) successfully contested Burrangong. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, Burrangong was absorbed by the three member district of Cootamundra. Proportional representation was abandoned in 1927 and Young was recreated. It was abolished in 1981 and the district was split with Young being absorbed by Burrinjuck while the towns of Cowra and Forbes were absorbed by a re-created Lachlan.

Electoral district of Lachlan
Lachlan was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. During the first two Parliaments (1856–1859), there was an electorate in the same area called Lachlan and Lower Darling, named after the Lachlan and Darling Rivers. Lachlan was created in 1859 and abolished in 1880, partly replaced by Forbes. In 1894 Forbes was abolished and Lachlan was recreated. In 1920 Lachlan and Ashburnham were absorbed into Murrumbidgee and elected three members under proportional representation. At the end of proportional representation in 1927, Lachlan was recreated. It was abolished in 1950, recreated in 1981 and abolished in 2007.

The abolition of Lachlan for the 2007 election prompted its member, former Deputy Premier Ian Armstrong to retire at that election rather than seek the option of remaining in Parliament by contesting another seat.
Carl Joseph Papa
Carl Joseph E. Papa is a Filipino filmmaker and animator. A prominent figure of Philippine animation, his films employed unique animation style, mostly rotoscoping, and often explores variety of subject matters in the daily life of the Philippines.

His films have been screened at film festivals worldwide and received multiple accolades during his lifetime including black tragicomedy Manang Biring (2015) and musical comedy-drama Paglisan (2018), both of them which won him Best Film twice at Cinema One Originals Film Festival, and psychological drama science-fiction Iti Mapukpukaw (2023), won the Best Film at the 19th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival.

Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique that animators use to trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame, to produce realistic action. Originally, live-action film images were projected onto a glass panel and traced onto paper. This projection equipment is referred to as a rotoscope, developed by Polish-American animator Max Fleischer. This device was eventually replaced by computers, but the process is still called rotoscoping.

In the visual effects industry, rotoscoping refers to the technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-action plate so it may be composited over another background.
Ho Kun Xian
Ho Kun Xian (simplified Chinese: 何坤贤; traditional Chinese: 何坤賢; pinyin: Hé Kūnxián; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô khun hiân) (born 15 September 1990), better known as Xian, is a Singaporean professional fighting games player. Formerly part of Team Razer, Xian was the winner of Ultra Street Fighter IV at DreamHack Winter 2015. At Capcom Cup 2015 he got third place after being eliminated by eventual runner-up Daigo Umehara. He beat Yusuke Momochi at Final Round 18. Xian plays Gen as his character of choice, as his stances allowed Xian more options. He stated that Gen was a very underestimated character that people have compared to Dan Hibiki and have easily dismissed as weak.

DreamHack
DreamHack is a Swedish ESL Gaming brand specializing in esports tournaments and other gaming conventions; at its root, a massive LAN party and computer festival, recognized by Guinness World Records and Twin Galaxies as being the world's largest with the world's fastest Internet connection and the most generated traffic. Initially a Swedish event, it today holds its events throughout Western Europe and North America etc.
Georges de Brébeuf
Georges de Brébeuf (French: [ʒɔʁʒ də bʁe.bœf]) (1618 – 1661) was a French poet and translator best known for his verse translation of Lucan's Pharsalia (1654) which was warmly received by Pierre Corneille, but which was ridiculed by Nicolas Boileau in his Art poétique.

Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan (/ˈluːkən/), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain). He is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period, known in particular for his epic Pharsalia. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets.
Wang Weifan
Wang Weifan (simplified Chinese: 汪维藩; traditional Chinese: 汪維藩; pinyin: Wāng Wéifān; 1927–2015) was an evangelical Christian leader of the state-sanctioned Protestant church of mainland China, the Three-Self Patriotic Movement. He was well-loved as a preacher, theologian, and devotional writer.

K. H. Ting
K. H. Ting, Ting Kuang-hsun or Ding Guangxun (Chinese: 丁光訓; 20 September 1915 – 22 November 2012), was chairperson emeritus of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and President emeritus of the China Christian Council, the government-approved Protestant church in China.

Ting was trained in the Anglican tradition and, in 1955, was consecrated as Anglican Bishop of Chekiang. As he never renounced his ordination, he remained a bishop until his death. However, in 1958 the Anglican Church in China came to an end as an independent institution in mainland China, leaving Ting with no episcopal functions to perform.

Ting had also held a number of political posts. He was a vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1989–2008), and a member of the National People's Congress, China's legislature.
History of thermodynamics
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as meteorology, information theory, and biology (physiology), and to technological developments such as the steam engine, internal combustion engine, cryogenics and electricity generation. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probability and statistics; see, for example, the timeline of thermodynamics.

History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the naked eye, that could not be divided. Then the definition was refined to being the basic particles of the chemical elements, when chemists observed that elements seemed to combine with each other in ratios of small whole numbers. Then physicists discovered that these atoms had an internal structure of their own and therefore could be divided after all.

Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences. At the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept.
Absolute Zero (Bruce Hornsby album)
Absolute Zero is an album by American singer-songwriter and pianist Bruce Hornsby, released on April 12, 2019 by Zappo Productions. This is Hornsby's sixth solo studio album credited only to his name, the first since Halcyon Days in 2004, and his thirteenth overall album. It features a wide array of guest musicians, including Justin Vernon of Bon Iver, jazz drummer Jack DeJohnette, and the ensemble yMusic. It also features a lyrical contribution from Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter on the closing track, "Take You There (Misty)".

Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette (August 9, 1942 – October 26, 2025) was an American jazz drummer, pianist and composer. Known for his extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians including Charles Lloyd, Freddie Hubbard, Keith Jarrett, Bill Evans, John Abercrombie, Ralph Towner, Alice Coltrane, Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis, Joe Henderson, Michael Brecker, Pat Metheny, Herbie Hancock, and John Scofield, DeJohnette was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2007. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for six others. The Times said that as a drummer "few could rival his virtuosity or his dynamism". He recorded more than 35 albums under his own name as a band leader.
Bad Luck (Zach Top song)
"Bad Luck" is a song by American country music singer Zach Top. It was released on October 28, 2022, via Leo33 as the third promotional single from his debut studio album, Cold Beer & Country Music. Top co-wrote the song with Carson Chamberlain and Mark Nesler, with Chamberlain also producing. It became Top's first song to chart on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, reaching the top forty in July 2024, and has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

A new version of the song featuring bluegrass singer and musician Billy Strings was released on February 28, 2025, as part of their collaborative extended play Me & Billy.

Cold Beer & Country Music
Cold Beer & Country Music is the second studio album by American country music singer Zach Top. It was released on April 5, 2024, via Leo33. It includes the singles "Sounds Like the Radio" and "I Never Lie".
Joseph DeAngelis
Joseph DeAngelis (born September 21, 1946) is an American politician and lawyer in the state of Rhode Island.

DeAngelis was born in Providence in 1946. He earned degrees from Providence College and Suffolk University in Boston (J.D. 1973) before establishing law practices in Smithfield, Rhode Island and later Providence. From 1969 to 1973, he served as an executive assistant to Governor of Rhode Island Frank Licht.

A Democrat, DeAngelis was first elected to the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1974 to represent Smithfield. Previously serving in the leadership positions as majority whip (1977) and majority leader (1980), DeAngelis was chosen to serve as Speaker of the House from 1988 to 1992. After leaving state politics, he returned to practicing law.

Frank Licht
Frank Licht (March 3, 1916 – May 30, 1987) was an American politician and the 67th Governor of Rhode Island from 1969 to 1973, serving as the first Jewish governor in Rhode Island state history. He was also an associate justice of the Rhode Island Superior Court from 1956 to 1968 and a member of the Rhode Island Senate from 1949 to 1956.
Jacqueline Gourault
Jacqueline Gourault (French: [ʒa.klin ɡu.ʁo]; née Doliveux, born 20 November 1950) is a French politician who served as Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities in the governments of successive Prime Ministers Édouard Philippe and Jean Castex from 2018 to 2022. A member of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), she previously served as Minister attached to the Minister of the Interior from 2017 to 2018. In 2022, she was appointed to the Constitutional Council by President Emmanuel Macron.

Minister of the Interior (France)
The Minister of the Interior (French: Ministre de l'Intérieur, pronounced [ministʁ d(ə) lɛ̃teʁjœʁ]) is the interior minister of the government of France, traditionally responsible for internal security and territorial administration. The minister ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the country's institutions throughout its national territory.

The current Minister of the Interior is Laurent Nuñez, who has held the position since 12 October 2025 under Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu.
Criminal (Smiley song)
"Criminal" is a single by Romanian singer Smiley featuring Kaan from the album Acasă released on June 5, 2013. The song peaked at number thirteen in the Romania Top 20 charts, spending ten weeks there.

Smiley (singer)
Andrei Tiberiu Maria (Romanian pronunciation: [anˈdrej tiˈberju maˈri.a]; born 27 July 1983), better known by his stage name Smiley, is a Romanian singer, songwriter, record producer, actor and television presenter, from Pitești. He was part of the pop groups Simplu (2001–2011) and Radio Killer (2009–2015). As a solo artist, Smiley started in 2007 and has become one of Romania's biggest pop artists, archiving 14 number ones and more than 30 Top20 singles.

In 2013, he won "Best Romanian Act" during the MTV Europe Music Awards held in Amsterdam. He had been nominated as a solo act three times for the same award in 2008, 2009 and 2011 and twice in 2006 and 2007 as part of Simplu. He is part of the Romanian Euro-House project Radio Killer where he is known as Killer 1. As of November 2013, he is the new Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF Romania.

He is also a television personality, having hosted Românii au talent (2011–present) and being a coach in Vocea României (2011–present).
With a Song in My Heart (Stevie Wonder album)
With a Song In My Heart is the third studio album by Stevie Wonder, released in 1963 on the Tamla (Motown) label. The album was the first to drop Wonder's "Little" nickname, as the 13-year-old singer went the same route of his label mate Marvin Gaye and covered a set of pop standards. Like Gaye and other Motown acts, label president Berry Gordy wanted all of his artists to be established on a crossover basis. The album did not immediately spell success for Wonder on the adult contemporary set. Veteran jazz arranger Ernie Wilkins arranged and conducted the album.

Ernie Wilkins
Ernest Brooks Wilkins Jr. (July 20, 1922 – June 5, 1999) was an American jazz saxophonist, conductor and arranger who spent several years with Count Basie. He also wrote for Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, and Dizzy Gillespie. He was musical director for albums by Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, Oscar Peterson, and Buddy Rich.
Darius Slay
Darius Demetrius Slay Jr. (born January 1, 1991) is an American professional football cornerback for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Itawamba before transferring to Mississippi State and was selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 2013 NFL draft. Nicknamed "Big Play Slay", he won Super Bowl LIX with the Philadelphia Eagles in the 2024 season. He has also played for the Pittsburgh Steelers.

Avonte Maddox
Avonte Michael Maddox (born March 31, 1996) is an American professional football safety for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers.