hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stefan–Boltzmann law
The Stefan–Boltzmann law, also known as Stefan's law, describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature.  It is named for Josef Stefan, who empirically derived the relationship, and Ludwig Boltzmann who derived the law theoretically.

For an ideal absorber/emitter or black body, the Stefan–Boltzmann law states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area per unit time (also known as the radiant exitance) is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's temperature, T:

The constant of proportionality, , is called the Stefan–Boltzmann constant. It has the value

In the general case, the Stefan–Boltzmann law for radiant exitance takes the form:

where  is the emissivity of the surface emitting the radiation.  The emissivity is generally between zero and one.  An emissivity of one corresponds to a black body.

Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant). Two sequences are inversely proportional if corresponding elements have a constant product.

Two functions  and  are proportional if their ratio  is a constant function.

If several pairs of variables share the same direct proportionality constant, the equation expressing the equality of these ratios is called a proportion, e.g., ⁠a/b⁠ = ⁠x/y⁠ = ⋯ = k (for details see Ratio).
Proportionality is closely related to linearity.
Valery Chekalov
Valery Yevgenyevich Chekalov (Russian: Валерий Евгеньевич Чекалов; 10 January 1976 – 23 August 2023) was a Russian mercenary leader, head of logistics of the Wagner private military company, and a close confidant of Wagner leader Yevgeny Prigozhin. Chekalov was Wagner's "logistics mastermind" and controlled several Prigozhin-linked front companies that coordinated Wagner Group activities in Libya and Syria, including managing mercenaries, securing weapons, and running Wagner's business operations in Syria and Africa. For his activities on Prigozhin's behalf, the United States sanctioned Chekalov in July 2023.

Chekalov was killed on 23 August 2023 in a plane crash in Tver Oblast, alongside Prigozhin and Dmitry Utkin.

Wagner Group activities in Libya
The Wagner Group, also known as PMC Wagner, a Russian paramilitary organization also described as a private military company (PMC), a network of mercenaries, and a de facto unit of the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) or Russia's military intelligence agency, the GRU, has conducted operations in Libya since late 2018.
Windsor FC (Australia)
Windsor Football Club was an Australian association football club founded in May 1915, and was based in the Melbourne suburb of Windsor wearing an all purple kit with a gold sash. The short lived club is known for its Victorian first tier champions in 1921, and for playing a charity friendly match in Geelong on 26 April 1920, against the crews of HMAS Platypus and its accompanying submarines. The club achieved two league championships, and reached the final of the Dockerty Cup twice, losing both times. The club was dormant for seven years (1925 to 1931) and resumed competitive fixtures in 1932. The club folded at the conclusion of the 1934 season alongside fellow tier one winner St Kilda and several other clubs. This club has no connection to the club of the same name that competed in the 1970 season of the Victorian state tier seven league.

Victorian State League
The Victorian State League (VSL), known as the VETO Sports State League for sponsorship reasons, is an Australian soccer league based in Victoria. It is administered by Football Victoria, covering the fourth-to-eighth-highest tiers in the Victorian soccer league system (and the fifth-to-ninth-highest nationally).

As of 2026, it consists of seven divisions (separated by two zones, North/West and South/East). Each division would have 24 teams, with 12 in each division. Mazenod FC would withdraw from the VETO State League 1 South/East on the 23rd of January 2026 leaving the State League 1 with only 23 teams. Clubs promoted from VSL 1 enter the Victorian Premier League (VPL). There is no relegation from the State League 7.
Bathos
In literature and the arts, bathos (UK: /ˈbeɪθɒs/ BAY-thoss; Ancient Greek: βάθος, lit. "depth") is the use of a lofty, elegant, or elevated style to present silly, vulgar, or trivial subject-matter, or a sudden transition from the former to the latter, thereby creating a ludicrous or comedic effect. Nowadays, bathos can refer to such usage occurring either accidentally (through artistic ineptitude) or intentionally as a rhetorical device (usually for the sake of comedy). Originally, it referred to an amusingly failed attempt at presenting artistic greatness and was first used in this sense in Alexander Pope's 1727 essay "Peri Bathous". Intentional bathos appears in satirical genres such as burlesque and mock epic. "Bathos" or "bathetic" is also used for similar effects in other branches of the arts, such as musical passages marked ridicolosamente. In film, bathos may appear in a contrast cut intended for comic relief or be produced by an accidental jump cut.

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Yi Dang
Yi Dang (Korean: 이당; Hanja: 李瑭, February 1, 1783 – May 8, 1826) was a member of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. Despite his royal lineage he didn't receive a title during his lifetime, as his older brother was Crown Prince Sanggye and his mother, Princess Consort Sangsan of the Jincheon Song clan, his father, Prince Euneon, and his sister-in-law, Princess Consort Shin of Pyeongsan Shin clan, were charged and executed for treason during the Catholic Persecution of 1801.

His half-brother was Grand Internal Prince Jeongye, father of Cheoljong of Joseon.

Cheoljong of Joseon
Cheoljong (Korean: 철종; Hanja: 哲宗; 25 July 1831 – 16 January 1864), personal name Yi Won-beom (이원범; 李元範), later Yi Byeon (이변; 李昪), was the 25th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. After King Heonjong died without any descendants in 1849, Queen Sunwon chose Cheoljong, aged 19, to ascend to the throne, adopting him as the heir of her late husband, King Sunjo.

Cheoljong was a great-great-grandson of King Yeongjo. He grew up in poverty; even after becoming king, he had little political influence, and the power to govern was held mainly by the Andong Kim clan, the paternal family of Queen Sunwon. The Andong Kim clan's monopoly caused nationwide corruption, resulting in a series of peasant revolts in southern Joseon in 1862. As Cheoljong's sons all died in infancy, he was succeeded by a distant relative, Gojong.
Peter Nyombi
Peter Nyombi (23 April 1954 – 7 October 2018) was a Ugandan lawyer and politician. He was an Attorney General and member of the Ugandan Cabinet, appointed on 27 May 2011. He replaced Kiddu Makubuya who became Minister for General Duties in the Office of the Prime Minister. In the cabinet reshuffle of 1 March 2015, he was dropped from the cabinet and was replaced by Fred Ruhindi. He was also the elected Member of Parliament for "Buruuli County" in Nakasongola District.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Melanie Welham
Dame Melanie Joanne Welham DBE (born 1964) is a British biochemist who was Executive Chair of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council from April 2018 to June 2023. She was previously a professor of biochemistry at the University of Bath, where she worked on stem cell biology.

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds scientific research institutes and university research departments in the UK.
Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill
Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill (19 February 1898 – 4 June 1934), alias the Bàrd Bheàrnaraigh ("the Bard of Berneray") was a Scottish World War I veteran of the King's Own Cameron Highlanders, a Western Australian bush poet in Scottish Gaelic, and a highly important figure in 20th-century Scottish Gaelic literature. He was also known as Iain Archie MacAskill and John Archie MacAskill. His Gaelic genealogical name was Iain-Eirdsidh Dhòmhnaill Thormoid-Shaighdeir ("John Archie son of Donald son of Norman the soldier.").

Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders or 79th (The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) Regiment of Foot was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1793. It amalgamated with the Seaforth Highlanders (the Duke of Albany's) to form the Queen's Own Highlanders in 1961.
No. 77 Wing RAAF
No. 77 Wing was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) wing of World War II. It formed part of No. 10 Operational Group (later the Australian First Tactical Air Force) at its establishment in November 1943, when it comprised three squadrons equipped with Vultee Vengeance dive bombers. No. 77 Wing commenced operations in early 1944, flying out of Nadzab, Papua New Guinea. Soon afterwards, however, the Vengeance units were withdrawn from combat and replaced with squadrons flying Douglas Bostons, Bristol Beaufighters and Bristol Beauforts. The wing saw action in the assaults on Noemfoor, Tarakan, and North Borneo, by which time it was an all-Beaufighter formation made up of Nos. 22, 30 and 31 Squadrons. It was to have taken part in the Battle of Balikpapan in June 1945, but unsuitable landing grounds meant that the Beaufighter units were withdrawn to Morotai, sitting out the remainder of the war before returning to Australia, where they disbanded, along with the wing headquarters, in 1946.

Battle of Noemfoor
0°58′48″S 134°53′31″E﻿ / ﻿0.980°S 134.892°E﻿ / -0.980; 134.892

The Battle of Noemfoor was part of the New Guinea campaign of World War II. It took place on the island of Noemfoor, in Dutch New Guinea (now Papua, in Indonesia), between 2 July and 31 August 1944. During the battle, Allied forces landed on the island to capture Japanese bases as part of their advance through the Pacific towards the Philippines. The initial landing was largely unopposed and the Japanese defenders withdrew inland as the US troops came ashore. Sporadic fighting took place over the course of two months as the Allies secured the three airfields on the island and pushed the surviving Japanese troops to the southeastern coast. The island was later used by the Allies to support operations around Sansapor and on Morotai.
Mustapha Haida
Mustapha Haida (born 12 October 1988) is a Moroccan-Italian Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the middleweight and welterweight divisions. Throughout his career he fought for K-1, GLORY,    SUPERKOMBAT, ISKA, WAKO, Kunlun Fight, Bellator Kickboxing, and ONE Championship. He was a former ISKA champion, runner up for the Bellator, ONE Championship Belt and was ranked as a top ten Welterweight by Combat Press from May 2017, until September 2017. Haida holds notable wins over fighters like Andy Souwer, Enriko Kehl, Dzianis Zuev and Abdallah Mabel.

ISKA (sports governing body)
The ISKA (originally International Sport Karate Association, later also called the International Sport Kickboxing Association) is  international bodies regulating sport karate and kickboxing matches.
It is based in the United States. It was established in 1985 as a response to legal and revenue issues that sent the Professional Karate Association (PKA) into decline.
Japanese submarine Yu 1008
Yu 1008 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine of the Yu 1001 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during the latter stages of World War II, she served in the waters of the Japanese archipelago.

Japanese archipelago
The Japanese archipelago (Japanese: 日本列島, Hepburn: Nippon/Nihon Rettō; Japanese pronunciation: [ɲip.pon/ɲi.hon ɾeꜜt.toː]) is an archipelago of 14,125 islands that form the country of Japan. It extends over 3,000 km (1,900 mi) from the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast to the East China and Philippine seas in the southwest along the Pacific coast of the Eurasian continent, and consists of three island arcs from north to south: the Northeastern Japan Arc, the Southwestern Japan Arc, and the Ryukyu Island Arc. The Daitō Islands, the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc, and the Kuril Islands neighbor the archipelago.

Japan is the largest island country in East Asia and the fourth-largest island country in the world with 377,975.24 km2 (145,937.06 sq mi). It has an exclusive economic zone of 4,470,000 km2 (1,730,000 mi2).
Taalaibek Omuraliev
Taalaibek Baryktabasovich Omuraliev (Kyrgyz: Таалайбек Барыктабасович (Барыктабас уулу) Өмүралиев, romanized: Taalaybek Baryktabasovich (Baryktabas uulu) Ömüraliyev, Russian: Таалайбек Барыктабасович Омуралиев, romanized: Taalaybek Baryktabasovich Omuraliyev; born 2 May 1965) is a Kyrgyz major general and a former Minister of Defense of Kyrgyzstan. He also served briefly as the Chief of the General Staff twice.

General Staff of Armed Forces (Kyrgyzstan)
The General Staff of the Armed Forces of Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын Куралдуу Күчтөрүнүн Башкы штабы, Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Kuralduu Küçtörünün Bashky shtaby) is the military staff of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic.

The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President of Kyrgyzstan, who is the supreme commander-in-chief of the armed forces.  From 2014-2021, the Chief of the General Staff was the paramount leader of the armed forces, just second to the commander in chief. It is currently composed of the commanders of the Kyrgyz Army, Kyrgyz Air Force, Kyrgyzstan Frontier Force, and the Kyrgyz National Guard. The headquarters of the General Staff is located on 26 Yakov Logvinenko Street, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Bagnath Temple
Bagnath Temple (Kumaoni: बागनाथ थान) is an ancient shrine dedicated to Shiva, situated in the Bageshwar city at the confluence of Sarayu and Gomati rivers. Bagnath Temple is festooned with bells of all sizes and features impressive carvings. It is the most famous Temple in Bageshwar District. It is flooded with devotees on the occasion of Shivratri. The city of Bageshwar gets its name from this Temple.

Sarju
The Sarju (Kumaoni: सरज्यू, Hindi: सरयू), also known as Saryu, is a major river draining Central Kumaon region  in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Originating from Sarmul, Sarju flows through the cities of Kapkot, Bageshwar and Seraghat before joining Mahakali at Pancheshwar. The Sarju is the largest tributary of the Sharda River. The river forms the South-eastern border between the districts of Pithoragarh and Almora. Temperate and sub-Tropical forests cover the entire Catchment area of the River.
Hasmik Papian
Hasmik Papian (Armenian: Հասմիկ Պապյան; born 2 September 1957) is an Armenian soprano. She was awarded the People's Artist of Armenia title in 2004. Papian was named a Cultural ambassador of Armenia in the World for her contributions to Armenian culture in 2005 by the Catholicos of the Holy See of St. Echmiadzin and All Armenians Karekin II and awarded the Order of Saint Sahag and Saint Mesrob and Order of Saint Mesrop Mashtots.

"

Garegin II
Catholicos Garegin II (Armenian: Գարեգին Բ, also spelled Karekin; born 21 August 1951) is the Catholicos of All Armenians, the supreme head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, since 1999. In 2013 he was unanimously elected the Oriental Orthodox head of the World Council of Churches for the next eight years.
Tom Scott (basketball coach)
Tom Scott (January 6, 1908 – November 24, 1993) was a head coach of the University of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team from 1946–1952. While at UNC, Scott amassed a record of 100–65. His last two teams at UNC had losing records and he was replaced by Frank McGuire as head coach.

A graduate of Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg (now Pittsburg State University) in 1930, Scott also coached at Concordia-Moorhead, 
 Central Missouri State, and Davidson College and also serving as Davidson's Athletic Director from 1955 to 1974. As AD
at Davidson he hired both Lefty Driesell and Terry Holland as head basketball coaches. He also coached the Davidson golf team to five Southern Conference championships. He was a chairman of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's basketball committee. Scott was inducted into the Davidson Athletics Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Central Missouri State Hall of Fame in 1993.

Lefty Driesell
Charles Grice "Lefty" Driesell (December 25, 1931 – February 17, 2024) was an American college basketball coach. He was the first coach to win more than 100 games at four different NCAA Division I schools, Driesell led the programs of Davidson College, the University of Maryland, James Madison University, and Georgia State University.  He earned a reputation as "the greatest program builder in the history of basketball."  At the time of his retirement in 2003, he was the fourth-winningest NCAA Division I men's basketball college coach, with 21 seasons of 20 or more wins, and 21 conference or conference tournament titles.  Driesell played college basketball at Duke University.
Ragnarok Tactics
Ragnarok Tactics is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation Portable. It is a spin-off to Ragnarok Online. The game was released in North America on November 6, 2012, making it one of the last releases for the platform in the region. Reception for the game was mixed, with critics citing that the gameplay and presentation was solid, but not revolutionary.

Tactical role-playing game
Tactical role-playing game (abbreviated TRPG), also known as strategy role-playing game or simulation RPG (both abbreviated SRPG), is a video game genre that combines core elements of role-playing video games with those of tactical (turn-based or real-time) strategy video games. The formats of tactical RPGs are much like traditional tabletop role-playing games and strategy games in appearance, pacing, and rule structure. Likewise, early tabletop role-playing games are descended from skirmish wargames such as Chainmail, which were primarily concerned with combat.
Nidan
Nidan (sometimes known as Midan or Idan) was a Welsh priest and, according to some sources, a bishop, in the 6th and 7th centuries. He is now commemorated as a saint. He was the confessor for the monastery headed by  St Seiriol at Penmon, and established a church at what is now known as Llanidan, which are both places on the Welsh island of Anglesey.  He is the patron saint of two churches in Anglesey: St Nidan's Church, Llanidan, built in the 19th century, and its medieval predecessor, the Old Church of St Nidan, Llanidan. Midmar Old Kirk in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, is also dedicated to him: Nidan is said to have helped to establish Christianity in that area as a companion of St Kentigern. St Nidan's, Llanidan, has a reliquary dating from the 14th or 16th century, which is said to house his relics.

Llanidan
Llanidan is a community in the south of Anglesey, Wales which includes the village of Brynsiencyn (Welsh pronunciationⓘ). The parish is along the Menai Strait, about 4 miles north-east of Caernarfon (across the strait). The parish church of St Nidan is near the A4080 road, a little to the east of Brynsiencyn. The ruins of an earlier parish church survive.
Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport
Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (IATA: LBB, ICAO: KLBB, FAA LID: LBB) is five miles north of Lubbock, in Lubbock County, Texas, United States. Originally Lubbock International Airport, it was renamed in 2004 for former Texas governor Preston E. Smith, an alumnus of Texas Tech University.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 classifies it as a primary commercial service airport. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 520,181 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2019, and 487,000 in 2018.

The airport is the eighth-busiest airport in Texas. Lubbock International is first among the smaller Texas cities (behind both Dallas airports, both Houston airports, San Antonio, Austin, and El Paso). Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is a hub for FedEx and UPS feeder planes to cities around the South Plains.

FedEx Express
FedEx Express is an American cargo airline based in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. As of 2023, it was the world's largest cargo airline in terms of fleet size and freight tons flown. It is the namesake and leading subsidiary of FedEx Corporation, delivering freight and packages to more than 375 destinations over 220 countries and territories across six continents each day.

The company's global "Super Hub" is located at Memphis International Airport. In the United States, FedEx Express has a national hub at Indianapolis International Airport, and regional hubs at airports in Anchorage, Fort Worth, Greensboro, Miami, Newark, Oakland and Ontario. International regional hubs are located at airports in Cologne/Bonn, Dubai, Bengaluru, Delhi, Guangzhou, Istanbul, Liege, Milan, Mumbai, Osaka, Paris, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo, and Toronto.
Miki Ando
Miki Ando (安藤 美姫, Andō Miki; born December 18, 1987) is a retired Japanese figure skater. She is the 2007 and 2011 World champion, 2011 Four Continents champion, 2004 World Junior champion, and a three-time (2003, 2004 & 2010) Japanese national champion.

Ando is the first female skater to complete a quadruple jump successfully in competition. She accomplished this at the 2002–03 Junior Grand Prix Final in The Hague, Netherlands.

2007 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2007 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The event was held at the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium in Tokyo, Japan from March 20 to 25.