hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
AICA ribonucleotide
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) is an intermediate in the generation of inosine monophosphate. AICAR is an analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is capable of stimulating AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activity. The drug has also been shown as a potential treatment for diabetes by increasing the metabolic activity of tissues by changing the physical composition of muscle. AICAR typically refers to AICA riboside, whereas ZMP refers to AICA ribotide.

Acadesine
Acadesine (INN), also known as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside, AICA-riboside, and AICAR, is an AMP-activated protein kinase activator which is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and may have applications in treating other disorders such as diabetes. Acadesine has been used clinically to treat and protect against cardiac ischemic injury. The drug was first used in the 1980s as a method to preserve blood flow to the heart during surgery.

Acadesine is an adenosine regulating agent developed by PeriCor Therapeutics and licensed to Schering-Plough in 2007 for phase III studies. The drug is a potential first-in-class agent for prevention of reperfusion injury in CABG surgery. Schering began patient enrollment in phase III studies in May 2009. The trial was terminated in late 2010 based on an interim futility analysis.
Robbert Dijkgraaf
Robertus Henricus "Robbert" Dijkgraaf, ForMemRS HonFRSE (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɔbərd ˈdɛikxraːf]; born 24 January 1960) is a Dutch theoretical physicist, mathematician and string theorist and former politician. He served as the Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the Netherlands from 2022 until 2024. From July 2012 until his inauguration as a minister, he had been the director and Leon Levy professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, and a tenured professor at the University of Amsterdam. As of January 2025, Robbert is the president-elect of the International Science Council.

Herman Verlinde
Herman Louis Verlinde (born 21 January 1962) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist. He is the Class of 1909 Professor of Physics at Princeton University, where he is also the chair of the Department of Physics. He is the identical twin brother of Erik Verlinde.
2000 CAF Cup
The 2000 CAF Cup was the 9th edition of the CAF Cup, the African continental club competition for runners up of the respective domestic leagues. It was won by Algerian team JS Kabylie who beat Ismaily SC of Egypt on the away goals rule in the final, after they finished level on aggregate 1–1.

CAF Cup
The CAF Cup was an annual competition organised by the CAF for  domestic leagues runners-up of member associations who have not qualified to one of the two pre-existing CAF international club competitions the African Cup of Champions Clubs or the African Cup Winners' Cup.
Arun Nandi
Arun Nandi (November 16, 1941 – November 26, 2008) was a renowned Bangladeshi swimmer. In 1971, he set a record by swimming continuously for 90 hours and 5 minutes in College Square, Kolkata, to raise public awareness and funds for the freedom fighters of Bangladesh. He was also a recipient of National Sports Award-1966.

National Sports Awards
The National Sports Awards is the collective name given to the six sports awards of the Republic of India. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. They are presented by the President of India in the same ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, usually on 29 August. Since 2004, Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award is also given alongside the other sports awards. As of 2020, a total of 1,259 individuals and organizations have been awarded the various National Sports Awards.
Taking Sudoku Seriously
Taking Sudoku Seriously: The Math Behind the World's Most Popular Pencil Puzzle is a book on the mathematics of Sudoku. It was written by Jason Rosenhouse and Laura Taalman, and published in 2011 by the Oxford University Press. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries. It was the 2012 winner of the PROSE Awards in the popular science and popular mathematics category.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Vidyasagar Udyan
Vidyasagar Udyan is an urban park in Central Kolkata near College Street. Formerly and natively known as "College Square", the park is located along the premises of University of Calcutta, Presidency University and Sanskrit College. The park is famous for its lively student scene around the multiple universities and colleges and contains a big outside swimming pool named "College Square Swimming Pool".

College Street (Kolkata)
College Street (Bengali: কলেজ স্ট্রিট) is a 900 metre long street in Central Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. Also known as Boi Para (Bengali: বইপাড়া; lit. Book Town), it stretches from Bidhan Sarani road up to Bowbazar (before Nirmal Chandra Street) via MG Road  crossing and Surya Sen Street crossing. Its name derives from the presence of numerous colleges and universities like University of Calcutta, Calcutta Medical College, Presidency University, The Sanskrit College and University, City College of Commerce and Business Administration etc. The road houses many centres of intellectual activity especially the Indian Coffee House, a café that has attracted the city's intelligentsia for decades. College Street is the largest book market in India as well as Asia and the largest secondhand book market in the whole world.
Aztec script
The Aztec or Nahuatl script is a pre-Columbian writing system that combines ideographic writing with Nahuatl specific phonetic logograms and syllabic signs which was used in central Mexico by the Nahua people in the Epiclassic and Post-classic periods. It was originally thought that its use was reserved for elites; however, the topographical codices and early colonial catechisms, recently deciphered, were used by tlacuilos (scribes), macehuallis (peasants), and pochtecas (merchants).

Ideogram
An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek idéa 'idea' + gráphō 'to write') is a symbol that is used within a given writing system to represent an idea or concept in a given language. (Ideograms are contrasted with phonograms, which indicate sounds of speech and thus are independent of any particular language.) Some ideograms are more arbitrary than others: some are only meaningful assuming preexisting familiarity with some convention; others more directly resemble their signifieds. Ideograms that represent physical objects by visually illustrating them are called pictograms.

Numerals and mathematical symbols are ideograms, for example ⟨1⟩ 'one', ⟨2⟩ 'two', ⟨+⟩ 'plus', and ⟨=⟩ 'equals'.

The ampersand ⟨&⟩ is used in many languages to represent the word and, originally a stylized ligature of the Latin word et.

Other typographical examples include ⟨§⟩ 'section', ⟨€⟩ 'euro', ⟨£⟩ 'pound sterling', and ⟨©⟩ 'copyright'.
Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec
The Battle of Avesnes-le-Sec was a military action during the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars, between French forces under General Nicolas Declaye, and Imperial Austrian forces under Prince of Hohenlohe-Kirchberg. The Austrian cavalrymen made an overwhelming charge against the French and severely defeated them.

Friedrich Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
Friedrich William, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg was born in Kirchberg, Hohenlohe, Holy Roman Empire (now part of Baden-Württemberg, Germany) on 2 December 1732. He was a member of an old comital and, subsequently, princely (Fürstlich) family of Hohenlohe, with extensive properties on the plateau south of the Main river, between the Imperial City of Schwäbisch Hall and the old Franconian city of Rothenburg ob der Tauber.

He had a distinguished career in the Austrian army in the Seven Years' War, the War of Bavarian Succession, and the French Revolutionary Wars. An experienced, if old-fashioned, general, he was chosen to mentor the young Archduke Charles, who was assigned to his staff during the 1792 campaign in France. From 1780 until his death, he was the Colonel-Proprietor of the 17th Infantry Regiment.
Doug Richert
Douglas T. Richert (born June 14, 1960) is an American stock car racing crew chief who works for MBM Motorsports as the crew chief of their No. 66 car in the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

Richert was the youngest crew chief to win a NASCAR Cup Series championship when he won it in 1980 with Dale Earnhardt at Osterlund Racing at age 20. It was also his first season as a crew chief. He continued as crew chief for Earnhardt's No. 2 car when the team was sold to Jim Stacy. He later crew chiefed for Junior Johnson & Associates, Baker-Schiff Racing, Donlavey Racing, Hess Racing, Diamond Ridge Motorsports, Larry Hedrick Motorsports, LJ Racing, Robert Yates Racing, PPI Motorsports, Roush Racing, Red Bull Racing, Dale Earnhardt, Inc., Gunselman Motorsports, Robby Gordon Motorsports, Keyed-Up Motorsports, TRG Motorsports and BK Racing in the Cup Series and then Tullman-Walker Racing in the Xfinity Series.

Rod Osterlund
Rodney W. Osterlund (born November 19, 1934) is an American former racing team owner and businessman. He was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series car owner from 1977 to 1981, and then again from 1989 to 1991. Osterlund's first race as a car owner was at the 1977 Cam 2 Motor Oil 400 while his final race as a car owner was at the 1991 Daytona 500. He won the 1980 NASCAR Winston Cup Series as an owner with driver Dale Earnhardt.

In 2010, Osterlund was inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame.
J. C. Harrington Award
The J. C. Harrington Award was established in 1981 (1981) by the Society for Historical Archaeology and is named in honor of J. C. Harrington (1901–1998), a pioneer founder of historical archaeology in North America. The award is presented for a "life-time of contributions to the discipline centered on scholarship". The award is an inscribed medal.  No more than one Harrington Award is presented each year.

J. C. Harrington
Jean Carl Harrington (October 25, 1901 – April 19, 1998) was an American archaeologist best known for his work at Jamestown, Virginia and his contributions to the methodology of historical archaeology. He has been called the "father of historical archaeology in America".
Santi Quattro Coronati
Santi Quattro Coronati is an ancient titular and conventual minor basilica and Augustinian convent in Rome, Italy. The church dates back to the fourth or fifth century, and is devoted to  four anonymous saints and martyrs. The complex of the basilica with its two courtyards, the fortified Cardinal Palace with the Saint Silvester Chapel, and the monastery with its cosmatesque cloister is built in a silent and green part of Rome, between the Colosseum and San Giovanni in Laterano.

Order of Saint Augustine
The Order of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini), abbreviated OSA, is a mendicant religious order  of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were following the Rule of Saint Augustine, written by Augustine of Hippo in the fifth century.

They are also commonly known as the Augustinians, Austin friars, or Friars Hermits and, until 1968, as the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine (Latin: Ordo eremitarum sancti Augustini; abbreviated OESA).

The order has, in particular, spread internationally the veneration of the Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Good Counsel (Mater boni consilii).

In the 2025 papal conclave, Leo XIV was elected as the first pope from the Order of Saint Augustine.
Sam McIntosh
Samuel McIntosh (born 13 July 1990) is an Australian Paralympic athlete who races in the T52 100m, 200m, and 400m events.  He holds 3 Australian National Records and 2 Oceania Records.  He represented Australia at the 2012 London Paralympic Games, 2016 Rio Paralympics,  2020 Tokyo Paralympics  and the 2024 Paris Paralympics in athletics as well as the 2011, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2023 Para Athletic World Championships.

2017 World Para Athletics Championships
The 2017 World Para Athletics Championships were a Paralympic track and field meet organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee. It was held at London Stadium in London from 14 to 23 July 2017. It was the 8th edition of the event, the first to be held after being renamed from IPC Athletics World Championship, and featured 213 medal events.

They preceded the 2017 IAAF World Championships also held in London, marking the first time that a single city hosted both the IAAF and IPC athletics championships in the same year; London previously hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
Federal-State Marketing Improvement Program
The Federal-State Marketing Improvement Program (FSMIP), sometimes referred to in budget documents as Payments to States and Territories, is a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) program provides matching funds to states for research and innovative projects aimed at identifying new market opportunities for producers or at improving the efficiency of agricultural marketing systems. The program is administered by the Agricultural Marketing Service and recently has been funded at just over $1 million annually.

Agricultural Marketing Service
The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture; it maintains programs in five commodity areas: cotton and tobacco; dairy; fruit and vegetable; livestock and seed; and poultry.  These programs provide testing, standardization, grading and market news services for those commodities, and oversee marketing agreements and orders, administer research and promotion programs, and purchase commodities for federal food programs.  The AMS enforces certain federal laws such as the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act and the Federal Seed Act. The AMS budget is $1.2 billion. It is headquartered in the Jamie L. Whitten Building in Washington, D.C.

As of July 2021, AMS is led by Administrator Erin Morris.
Black Entrepreneurs Day
Black Entrepreneurs Day is an annual livestream event created and hosted by Daymond John in partnership with Medium Rare production company, which was launched in 2020. It is filmed at the Apollo Theater in New York City.

The event provides funding for Black-owned businesses, and features celebrity speakers on the topic of entrepreneurship. The event has won two Webby Awards and two People’s Voice Award for the category “Virtual & Remote - Business & Finance” at the Webby Awards.

Webby Awards
The Webby Awards (colloquially referred to as the Webbys) are awards for excellence on the Internet presented annually by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, a judging body composed of over three thousand industry experts and technology innovators. Categories include websites, advertising and media, online film and video, mobile sites and apps, and social.

Two winners are selected in each category, one by members of The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, and one by the public who cast their votes during Webby People's Voice voting. Each winner presents a five-word acceptance speech, a trademark of the annual awards show.

In its early years, the award was hailed as the "Internet’s highest honor" and was associated with the phrase "The Oscars of the Internet."
Dmitry Bykov
Dmitry Lvovich Bykov (Russian: Дмитрий Львович Быков, IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪdʑ ˈbɨkəf] ⓘ; born 20 December 1967) is a Russian writer, poet, literary critic and journalist. He is also known as biographer of Boris Pasternak, Bulat Okudzhava and Maxim Gorky.

Bulat Okudzhava
Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava (Russian: Була́т Ша́лвович Окуджа́ва; Georgian: ბულატ ოკუჯავა; Armenian: Բուլատ Օկուջավա; May 9, 1924 – June 12, 1997) was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, musician, novelist, and singer-songwriter of Georgian-Armenian ancestry. He was one of the founders of the Soviet genre called "author song" (авторская песня, avtorskaya pesnya), or "guitar song", and the author of about 200 songs, set to his own poetry. His songs are a mixture of Russian poetic and folk song traditions and the French chansonnier style represented by such contemporaries of Okudzhava as Georges Brassens. Though his songs were never overtly political, the freshness and independence of Okudzhava's artistic voice presented a subtle challenge to Soviet cultural authorities, who were thus hesitant for many years to give him official recognition.
P.A.O.N.E.
PAONE (Greek: ΠΑΟΝΕ - Παναθλητικός Αναμορφωτικός Όμιλος Nέων Eπιβατών, transliterated Panathlitikós Anamorfotikós Ómilos Néon Epivaton, All Sports Reformational Club of Neoi Epivates), was a football club based in Neoi Epivates (also known as Baxe Tsifliki), Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. The club was officially founded in 1928 and is black and white. It belongs to the power of the Macedonia Football Clubs Association and is competing in the A1΄ Division. He has competed in the national and national championships.

Neoi Epivates
Neoi Epivates (Greek: Νέοι Επιβάτες) is a small suburban town outside Thessaloniki, next to Peraia. It is part of the municipality of Thermaikos in the Thessaloniki regional unit. The origin of the settlement was the arrival of 631 refugees from the town Epivates in Eastern Thrace as a result of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22).

It was formerly known in Turkish as Bahçe Çiflik (Greek: Μπαξέ Τσιφλίκι), mentioned also in a popular song of Vassilis Tsitsanis.
Utiel
Utiel is a municipality in the comarca of Plana de Utiel in the Valencian Community, Spain.

According to the 2014 census, the municipality has a population of 12,082 inhabitants.

The Shrine of El Remedio is located on top of the Sierra de Utiel range, near Utiel.

Sierra de Utiel
Sierra de Utiel (Valencian: Serra d'Utiel) is a 16.45 km (10 mi) long mountain range in the Alt Palància, Alt Millars and Plana Baixa comarcas, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is the 1,306 m high El Remedio (Valencian: El Remei). There is often snow in the winter.
2024–25 Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball team
The 2024–25 Kent State Golden Flashes women's basketball team represented Kent State University during the 2024–25 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Flashes, led by ninth-year head coach Todd Starkey, played their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, also known as the MAC Center, in Kent, Ohio as members of the Mid-American Conference (MAC).

The Golden Flashes finished the season 21–12, 12–6 in MAC play, to finish in fourth place. They defeated Miami (OH) in the quarterfinals of the MAC tournament before falling to Ball State in the semifinals.

2025 MAC women's basketball tournament
The 2025 MAC women's basketball tournament was the postseason basketball tournament for the 2024–25 college basketball season in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The entire tournament was held at Rocket Arena, in Cleveland, Ohio on March 12 and 14–15, 2025. Ball State defeated Western Michigan, Kent State, and Toledo to win their second MAC tournament title, and first since 2009, to advance to the 2025 NCAA tournament. Ally Becki was the tournament MVP.
Lucian Mureșan (rugby union)
Ionuț Lucian Mureșan (born 6 October 1994) is a Romanian rugby union football player. He plays in the lock position for professional SuperLiga club Timișoara Saracens. He also plays for Romania's national team, the Oaks, making his international debut at the autumn tests in 2016 in a match against the Los Teros.

Liga de Rugby Kaufland
The Liga Națională de Rugby (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈliɡa natsjoˈnalə de ˈruɡbi]) is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in Romania. In the 2023 season there are 14 teams competing. The competition was established in 1913 and is governed by the Romanian Rugby Federation. Steaua București is the most successful club in the competition with 24 titles.
Craig Gallivan
Craig Gallivan is a Welsh actor best known for playing Luke in the long-running Sky1 television series Stella and Callum Watson in the ITV series Footballers Wives and Footballers' Wives: Extra Time, and his musical theatre roles. From 2018 to 2019, he played the lead role of Dewey in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical School of Rock, and since 2021 he has been playing Olaf in Disney's Frozen, both in the West End.

Footballers' Wives
Footballers' Wives (stylised as footballers wive$) is a British television drama about fictional Premier League football club Earls Park F.C., its players and their wives. It was broadcast on ITV from 2002 to 2006. The show initially focuses on three very different couples, but from the third series onward revolves around a complex love triangle between Tanya Turner (Zöe Lucker), Amber Gates (Laila Rouass), and Conrad Gates (Ben Price).

The show has earned a cult following since its cancellation and launched on BritBox in 2021 and ITVX in 2023.
8441 Lapponica
8441 Lapponica, provisional designation 4008 T-3, is a background asteroid from the Florian region of the inner asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers (3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California. The L-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.27 hours. It was named for the Bar-tailed godwit, a shorebird also known by its Latin name Limosa lapponica.

Leiden Observatory
Leiden Observatory (Dutch: Sterrewacht Leiden) is an astronomical institute of Leiden University, in the Netherlands. Established in 1633 to house the quadrant of Willebrord Snellius, it is the oldest operating university observatory in the world, with the only older still existing observatory being the Vatican Observatory.

The observatory was initially located on the university building in the centre of Leiden before a new observatory building and dome were constructed in the university's botanical garden in 1860. It remained there until 1974 when the department moved to the science campus north-west of the city. Notable astronomers that have worked or directed the observatory include Willem de Sitter, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Jan Oort.
Cross-coupling reaction
In organic chemistry, a cross-coupling reaction is a reaction where two different fragments are joined. Cross-couplings are a subset of the more general coupling reactions. Often cross-coupling reactions require metal catalysts. One important reaction type is this:

R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryl;
M = main group center such as Li or Mg;
X = halide

These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds.  Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions.

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Akira Suzuki were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.

Akira Suzuki
Akira Suzuki (鈴木 章, Suzuki Akira; born September 12, 1930) is a Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate (2010), who first published the Suzuki reaction, the organic reaction of an aryl- or vinyl-boronic acid with an aryl- or vinyl-halide catalyzed by a palladium(0) complex, in 1979.