hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-3040
German submarine U-3040 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 9 December 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen, as yard number 1199. She was launched on 10 February 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heinz Robbert on 8 March 1945.

Elektroboot
An Elektroboot ("electric boat" in German) was a submarine designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as submersibles that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.
Stephen Jurika
Stephen Jurika Jr. (9 December 1910 – 15 July 1993) was a United States Navy  officer and aviator during World War II, best known for his role as an intelligence officer in the Doolittle Raid. He was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions as navigator of the aircraft carrier USS Franklin after it was severely damaged and set ablaze by a lone Japanese dive bomber on 19 March 1945. After the war he was the naval air attaché in Australia, and during the Korean War, he was the naval liaison officer with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. He retired from the Navy in 1962, he became a professor at Stanford University, Santa Clara University and the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Syl Johnson
Sylvester Johnson (born Sylvester Thompson; July 1, 1936 – February 6, 2022) was an American blues and soul singer, musician, songwriter and record producer.  His most successful records included "Different Strokes" (1967), "Is It Because I'm Black" (1969) later covered by reggae artists Ken Boothe and Delroy Wilson, and "Take Me to the River" (1975), a cover of Al Green's 1974 original.

Hi Records
Hi Records is an American soul music and rhythm & blues label founded in Memphis, Tennessee in 1957 by singer Ray Harris, record store owner Joe Cuoghi, Bill Cantrell and Quinton Claunch (formerly producers for Sun Records), and three silent partners, including Cuoghi's lawyer, Nick Pesce.
Institutional racism in the United States
Within the United States, institutional racism includes policies and practices which are enforced to marginalize minority ethnic and racial groups, particularly Black and Hispanic Americans. Institutional racism against such groups has historically manifested in American systems of criminal justice, health care, immigration policy, education, and other matters.

Racial quota
Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements or quotas for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation and evident racism against those racial groups or, the opposite, against the disadvantaged majority group (see numerus clausus or bhumiputra systems). Conversely, quotas have also been used historically to promote discrimination against minority groups by limiting access to influential institutions in employment and education.

These quotas may be determined by governmental authority and backed by governmental sanctions. When the total number of jobs or enrollment slots is fixed, this proportion may get translated to a specific number.
All of My Life (The Carpenters song)
"All of My Life" is a ballad written by Richard Carpenter. The Carpenters recorded it for their debut album, Offering.

It was later used as the B-side to "We've Only Just Begun" single.

Richard Carpenter did a remix of the song in 1987 with crisper vocals, a different electric piano, and more reverberation. It was released on the From the Top box set in 1991.

We've Only Just Begun
"We've Only Just Begun" is a song by American sibling duo the Carpenters. It was released on August 21, 1970 through A&M Records as the second single from their second album, Close to You (1970). It was originally conceived by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols for a television commercial, which the Carpenters saw and sought to record; it was produced by Jack Daugherty. It is a soft rock song with lyrics about continuing the journey of life.

"We've Only Just Begun" was released to immediate success, reaching number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topping four other charts; it was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Contemporary Song. The song boosted the success of Close to You and was acclaimed for its composition, production, and Karen Carpenter's vocals.

"We've Only Just Begun" is an enduring work by the Carpenters, being inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1998 and included in several all-time lists.
You Can Go Home
"You Can Go Home" is a song by the American country rock band The Desert Rose Band, which was released in 1991 as the lead single from their fourth studio album True Love. It was written by Chris Hillman and Jack Tempchin, and produced by Tony Brown.

Continuing the band's commercial decline on both the American and Canadian Country Singles Charts, "You Can Go Home" failed to reach the Top 40. The song reached No. 54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs, and  No. 64 on the RPM Country Singles Chart. It also reached No. 35 on the Cash Box Top 100 Country Singles chart.

Tony Brown (music producer)
Tony Brown (born December 11, 1946) is an American record producer and pianist, known primarily for his work in country music. A former member of the Stamps Quartet and backing musician for Emmylou Harris, Brown has primarily worked as a producer since the late 1980s. He is known primarily for his production work with Reba McEntire, Vince Gill, and George Strait.

Brown was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2025.
Blaschke sum
In convex geometry and the geometry of convex polytopes, the Blaschke sum of two polytopes is a polytope that has a facet parallel to each facet of the two given polytopes, with the same measure. When both polytopes have parallel facets, the measure of the corresponding facet in the Blaschke sum is the sum of the measures from the two given polytopes.

Blaschke sums exist and are unique up to translation, as can be proven using the theory of the Minkowski problem for polytopes. They can be used to decompose arbitrary polytopes into simplices, and centrally symmetric polytopes into parallelotopes.

Although Blaschke sums of polytopes are used implicitly in the work of Hermann Minkowski, Blaschke sums are named for Wilhelm Blaschke, who defined a corresponding operation for smooth convex sets. The Blaschke sum operation can be extended to arbitrary convex bodies, generalizing both the polytope and smooth cases, using measures on the Gauss map.

Gauss map
In differential geometry, the Gauss map  of a surface is a function that maps each point in the surface to its normal direction, a unit vector that is orthogonal to the surface at that point. Namely, given a surface X in Euclidean space R3, the Gauss map is a map N: X → S2 (where S2 is the unit sphere) such that  for each p in X, the function value N(p) is a unit vector orthogonal to X at p. The Gauss map is named after Carl F. Gauss.

The Gauss map can be defined (globally) if and only if the surface is orientable, in which case its degree is half the Euler characteristic. The Gauss map can always be defined locally (i.e. on a small piece of the surface). The Jacobian determinant of the Gauss map is equal to Gaussian curvature, and the differential of the Gauss map is called the shape operator.

Gauss first wrote a draft on the topic in 1825 and published in 1827.

There is also a Gauss map for a link, which computes linking number.
Alice Hobbins Porter
Alice Hobbins Porter (née, Hobbins; pen name, Cress; 9 February 1854 – 1926) was a British-born American journalist, correspondent, editor, and syndicalist. She was a correspondent, contributor, editor, or staff member for a number of different publications including: the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Cincinnati Enquirer, Chicago Times, Wisconsin State Journal, Chicago Inter Ocean, New York Daily Graphic, New York Sun, New York Herald, New York World, Harper's Magazine, Spirit of the Times, The Philadelphia Press, National Tribune, and the New York Press.

The Daily Graphic
The Daily Graphic: An Illustrated Evening Newspaper was the first American newspaper with daily illustrations.  It was founded in New York City in 1873 by Canadian engravers George-Édouard Desbarats and William Leggo, and began publication in March of that year.  It continued publication until September 23, 1889.
Edward Mulcahy (politician)
Edward Mulcahy (28 March 1850 – 23 October 1927) was an Irish-born Australian politician. Born in County Limerick, he migrated to Australia as a child and was educated in Tasmania. He became an apprentice compositor and established a soft goods business in Hobart. In 1891 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly for West Hobart, serving until 1903, including a period from 1899 to 1903 when he was Minister for Lands and Works and Minister for Mines. In 1904, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Protectionist Senator for Tasmania. Defeated as a Liberal in 1910, he returned to the House of Assembly as the member for Wilmot, serving as Minister for Lands and Works, Minister for Mines and Minister for Railways 1912–1914. In 1919, he left the Assembly and was appointed to the Senate as a Nationalist, filling the vacancy caused by Labor Senator James Long's resignation. He retired in 1919.

James Long (Australian politician)
James Joseph Long (1870 – 23 December 1932) was an Australian politician. He was a Senator for Tasmania from 1910 to 1918, representing the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He resigned from the Senate following a royal commission's finding that he had accepted bribes, although he was never charged with a criminal offence. Long previously served in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1903 to 1910 and was briefly a state government minister. He was a miner and trade union official before entering parliament.
Jani Lakanen
Jani Lakanen (born 11 December 1976 in Lohja) is a Finnish orienteering competitor, winner of the 2006 World Orienteering Championships (Long distance).

He became world champion in relay in 2001, together with Jarkko Huovila, Juha Peltola and Janne Salmi.

He won the overall Orienteering World Cup in 2000.

He received a gold medal in relay at the 2002 European Orienteering Championships in Sümeg, and a gold medal in the long course in 2006 in Otepää.

Juha Peltola
Juha Peltola (born 12 January 1975) is a Finnish orienteering competitor and World Champion. He participated on the Finnish winning team in the 2001 World Orienteering Championships. He also has a silver medal from the 1999 Short Distance, and silver medals from the 1997 and 1999 Team Events.
Edward Williams (British Army officer)
Brigadier Edward Stephen Bruce Williams CBE (2 November 1892 – 20 January 1977) was a distinguished British Army officer whose career spanned 35 years. He also an English cricketer.  Williams was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow and who occasionally kept wicket.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Heikant, Sint Anthonis
Heikant is a hamlet in the former municipality of Sint Anthonis, in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located about 2 km south of Oploo. Since 2022 it has been part of the new municipality of Land van Cuijk.

Sint Anthonis
Sint Anthonis (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsɪnt ɑnˈtoːnɪs] ⓘ) is a village and former municipality in the southern Netherlands in the Province of North Brabant. The locals refer to the town as Sint Tunnis. An inhabitant is called a "Sintunnisenaar". The former municipality had a population of 11,691 in 2021. Sint Anthonis, Boxmeer, Cuijk, Grave, and Mill en Sint Hubert merged into the new municipality of Land van Cuijk on 1 January 2022.
Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.

The dentate gyrus is part of the trisynaptic circuit, a neural circuit of the hippocampus, thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. The dentate gyrus has toothlike projections from which it is named.

The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of only two major sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain, and is found in many mammals. The other main site is the subventricular zone in the ventricular system. Other sites  may include  the striatum and the cerebellum. However, whether significant neurogenesis takes place in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Royal Australian Navy Beach Commandos
During World War II the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) formed beach commando units to go ashore with the first wave of amphibious assaults. They would conduct local reconnaissance, signpost the beaches, control boat traffic, and communicate with the maritime forces. These were known as Royal Australian Navy Beach Commandos. They took part in the Borneo campaign.

Beach groups
During the Second World War, the Allies realised the need for the landing zone of an amphibious assault to be organised for the efficient passage of follow on forces. The British formed such units from all three services – the Royal Navy (Commandos), British Army and the Royal Air Force, with the Army component comprising Infantry, Engineers, Ordnance, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Medical and Service Corps.

The equivalent U.S. units were called "beach battalions."
Modred the Mystic
Modred the Mystic is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Bill Mantlo, Yong Montano, and Marv Wolfman, the character first appeared in Marvel Chillers #1 (October 1975). Mordred the Mystic is an ancient sorcerer from the Sixth Century, originating from Arthurian legend. Recognized by Merlin for his magical potential, he chose not to apprentice under him, instead becoming obsessed with the Darkhold, a book of dark magic. This connection made him vulnerable to Chthon, an Elder God who created the Darkhold. Mordred the Mystic, after millennia in suspended animation, was resurrected in the 20th century. Throughout his various adventures, he alternates between fighting against and serving Chthon, and is characterized as an anti-hero.

Marv Wolfman
Marvin Arthur Wolfman (born May 13, 1946) is an American comic book and novelization writer. He worked on Marvel Comics's The Tomb of Dracula (1972–1979), for which he and artist Gene Colan created the vampire-slayer Blade, and DC Comics's The New Teen Titans and the Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series with George Pérez.

Among the many characters Wolfman created or co-created are Cyborg, Raven, Starfire, Deathstroke, Tim Drake, Rose Wilson, Nova, Black Cat, Phobia, Bullseye, Vigilante (Adrian Chase), the Omega Men, and the Nightwing identity of Dick Grayson.
Fackham Hall
Fackham Hall is a 2025 period satirical comedy film set in 1930s England. It is directed by Jim O'Hanlon and co-written by Jimmy Carr, Patrick Carr, and the Dawson Brothers. The film stars Thomasin McKenzie, Ben Radcliffe, Katherine Waterston, Emma Laird, Tom Goodman-Hill, Anna Maxwell Martin, Sue Johnston, Tom Felton, and Damian Lewis.

Fackham Hall was released in the United States by Bleecker Street on December 5, 2025, and in the United Kingdom by Entertainment Film Distributors on December 12, 2025.

Bleecker Street (company)
Bleecker Street Media LLC is an  American independent film company that specializes in film distribution. The company is based in New York City and named after 65 Bleecker Street, the street address of founder Andrew Karpen's prior company Focus Features. Founded in 2014, the studio was established with the goal to distribute "smart house" films that combine the entertainment of studio blockbusters with the artistic indie allure.
John Osterman Gas Station
The John Osterman Gas Station is a historic gas station on Route 66 in Peach Springs, Arizona.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.

It was built in 1927 or 1929 or 1932, according to various sources.  According to Quinta Scott, it was built by Oscar Ostermann, John's brother, in 1932. The gas station is owned by the Hualapai Indians, who nominated it for the National Register in 2009.  Apparently the group has received a National Park Service grant to restore the station.

Peach Springs, Arizona
Peach Springs (Walapai: Hàkđugwi:v) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,098 at the 2020 census. Peach Springs serves as the administrative headquarters of the Hualapai people and is located on the Hualapai Reservation.
Flavio Biondo
Flavio Biondo (Latin Flavius Blondus) (1392 – June 4, 1463) was an Italian Renaissance humanist historian. He was one of the first historians to use a three-period division of history (Ancient, Medieval, Modern) and is known as one of the first archaeologists. 
Born in the capital city of Forlì, in the Romagna region, Flavio was well schooled from an early age, studying under Ballistario of Cremona. During a brief stay in Milan, he discovered and transcribed the unique manuscript of Cicero's dialogue Brutus. He moved to Rome in 1433 where he began work on his writing career; he was appointed secretary to the Cancelleria under Pope Eugene IV in 1444 and accompanied Eugene in his exile in Ferrara and Florence. After his patron's death, Flavio was employed by his papal successors, Nicholas V, Callixtus III and the humanist Pius II.

Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II (Latin: Pius PP. II, Italian: Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Latin: Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464.

Aeneas Silvius was an author, diplomat, and orator, and private secretary of Antipope Felix V and then the Emperor Frederick III, and then Pope Eugenius IV. He participated in the Council of Basel, but left it in 1443 to follow Frederick, whom he reconciled to the Roman obedience. He became Bishop of Trieste in 1447, Bishop of Siena in 1450, and a cardinal in 1456.

He was a Renaissance humanist with an international reputation. Aeneas Silvius' longest and most enduring work is the story of his life, the Commentaries, which was the first autobiography of a pope to have been published. It appeared posthumously, in 1584, 120 years after his death.
How to Dance in Ohio (musical)
How to Dance in Ohio is a musical with music by Jacob Yandura, lyrics and book by Rebekah Greer Melocik. It was adapted from the 2015 documentary of the same name.

The musical focuses on a group of autistic young adults preparing to attend a Spring Formal dance organized by their counselor, Dr. Amigo. While facing different challenges, including ableism, they experience the joys of supporting one another.

Directed by Sammi Cannold, with choreography by Mayte Natalio, it made its world premiere at Syracuse Stage in September 2022 and later the show transferred to Broadway in November 2023.

Syracuse Stage
Syracuse Stage is a professional non-profit theater company in Syracuse, New York, United States. It is the premier professional theater in Central New York.  Each year, it offers several productions, including multiple collaborations between Syracuse Stage and the drama department of the Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts.

Syracuse Stage is a constituent of the Theatre Communications Group and a member of the League of Resident Theatres, the University Hill Corporation, the Arts and Cultural Leadership Alliance, and the East Genesee Regent Association.
First Ladies: Influence & Image
First Ladies: Influence & Image is a 35-episode American television series produced by C-SPAN that originally aired from February 25, 2013 to February 10, 2014. Each episode originally aired live and looked at the life and times of one or more of the first ladies of the United States. Episodes featured interviews with historians, journalists, and other experts; included footage of locations significant to the featured first lady and interviews with several contemporary first ladies; and incorporated calls and tweets from viewers. C-SPAN has archived all video from the series to its website. It was produced in cooperation with the White House Historical Association, and was hosted by C-SPAN co-CEO Susan Swain.

In April 2015, PublicAffairs Books published the companion book First Ladies: Presidential Historians on the Lives of 45 Iconic American Women by Swain and C-SPAN. The network began re-airing the TV series on C-SPAN3 in April 2015.

PublicAffairs
PublicAffairs (or PublicAffairs Books) is a book publishing company located in New York City and has been a part of the Hachette Book Group since 2016.

PublicAffairs was launched in 1997 by Peter Osnos. The current Publisher is Clive Priddle. The company publishes mostly non-mainstream non-fiction books about politics and current affairs, both American and international.

It has published several books by Nobel Prize-winning authors, including Muhammad Yunus's Banker to the Poor and Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo's two books Poor Economics and Good Economics for Hard Times.

In 2019, it published Shoshana Zuboff's international bestseller The Age of Surveillance Capitalism.

Perseus Books won Publishers Weekly's "Publisher of the Year" award for 2007.