hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Staggered tuning
Staggered tuning is a technique used in the design of multi-stage tuned amplifiers whereby each stage is tuned to a slightly different frequency.  In comparison to synchronous tuning (where each stage is tuned identically) it produces a wider bandwidth at the expense of reduced gain.  It also produces a sharper transition from the passband to the stopband.  Both staggered tuning and synchronous tuning circuits are easier to tune and manufacture than many other filter types.

The function of stagger-tuned circuits can be expressed as a rational function and hence they can be designed to any of the major filter responses such as Butterworth and Chebyshev.   The poles of the circuit are easy to manipulate to achieve the desired response because of the amplifier buffering between stages.

Applications include television IF amplifiers (mostly 20th century receivers) and wireless LAN.

Butterworth filter
The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have a frequency response that is as flat as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat magnitude filter. It was first described in 1930 by the British engineer and physicist Stephen Butterworth in his paper entitled "On the Theory of Filter Amplifiers".
Kitty Pluto
Kitty Pluto or Altengen (1877–1946) was a Kaanju woman from the Cape York Peninsula in North Queensland who worked as a gold miner and prospector. She is credited as finding the largest gold deposits at the Batavia Goldfield. This discovery made her a household name and she was credited as being the only woman to discover a goldfield in the state of Queensland.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
2023 French pension reform strikes
A series of protests began in France on 19 January 2023 with a demonstration of over one million people nationwide, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government to increase the retirement age from 62 to 64.

The strikes led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the Constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.

Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".

Retirement age
This article lists the statutory retirement age in different countries. In some contexts, the retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work. It is usually the age at which such a person may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension.
Harri Rovanperä
Harri "Rovis" Rovanperä (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑrːi ˈroʋɑmˌperæ]; born 8 April 1966) is a Finnish rally driver who competed in the World Rally Championship from 1993 to 2006. He drove for SEAT (1997–00), Peugeot (2001–04), Mitsubishi (2005) and Red Bull Škoda Team (2006). Rovanperä was known as a loose surface specialist. He is the father of 2022 and 2023 World Rally Drivers' Champion Kalle Rovanperä. He was married to Tiina Rovanperä.

2006 World Rally Championship
The 2006 World Rally Championship was the 34th season in the FIA World Rally Championship. The season began on January 20 with the 74th Monte Carlo Rally where Finland's Marcus Grönholm, in a Ford Focus RS WRC, took the win ahead of France's Sébastien Loeb. After the Swedish Rally ended with the same top-two, Loeb and Kronos Citroën went on to win five rallies in a row. Despite an injury in a mountain-biking accident before the Rally of Turkey, forcing Loeb to miss last four rallies, he secured his third drivers' title, whereas Ford won their first manufacturers' title since 1979.
Emblem of His Majesty the King of Ashanti
The Emblem of His Majesty the King of the Asante is the national emblem of the Asante nation, adopted by the Asante King Asantehene Osei Tutu I in 1701, and depicts a porcupine, which has been the Asante national animal since the early-eighteenth century AD.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Eurico Paes
Eurico Jorge Henriques Paes OIH GOM (born 3 June 1946) is a Portuguese diplomat.

He earned a licentiate degree in Law from the University of Lisbon in 1971, and joined the diplomatic career in 1974.

Among other relevant positions, he chaired the group of United Nations observers for the first democratic elections in Guinea-Bissau in 1994, and coordinated the protocolary preparations and served as the master of ceremonies during the Handover of Macau in 1999,

He served as the Portuguese Ambassador in Harare (Zimbabwe) from 2000 to 2002, as the country's Chief of Protocol from 2002 to 2005, and as the Portuguese Ambassador in Bern (Switzerland) from 2005 to 2010.

Order of Merit (Portugal)
The Order of Merit (Portuguese: Ordem de Mérito) is a Portuguese Honorific Order of civil merit intended to award those responsible for meritorious acts or services performed in the exercise of any functions, both in the public and the private sphere, which reveal self-sacrifice in favor of the community. The decorations are given by the President of the Portuguese Republic, in his role as the Grand-Master of the Portuguese Honorific Orders. The Order of Merit can be awarded, during life or posthumously, to both Portuguese and foreign citizens; it can also be awarded to localities or institutions that are legal persons governed by public law or of public utility. This order has been awarded to a number of people performing the most diverse functions such as ambassadors, businesspeople, military personnel, athletes and musicians.
Berit Ås
Berit Ås (née Skarpaas; 10 April 1928 – 14 September 2024) was a Norwegian politician, social psychologist, and feminist.

Ås was the first leader of the Socialist Left Party (1975–1976), and served as a Member of the Parliament of Norway 1973–1977. She was also a deputy member of parliament from 1969 to 1973 (for the Norwegian Labour Party), and from 1977 to 1981 (for the Socialist Left Party). She was a professor of social psychology at the University of Oslo. She is known for helping popularize the master suppression techniques originally proposed by Ingjald Nissen, and her research interests also include feminist economics and women's culture. Some of her initiatives after her retirement were criticised for promoting conspiracy theories.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Ivan Lichter
Ivan Lichter ONZ FRCS (14 March 1918 – 12 June 2009) was a thoracic surgeon and a pioneer in the field of palliative care in New Zealand. He was appointed to the Order of New Zealand, the country's highest honour and limited to 20 living people, in the 1997 Queen's Birthday Honours.

Order of New Zealand
The Order of New Zealand is the highest honour in the New Zealand royal honours system, created "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in a civil or military capacity". It was instituted by royal warrant on 6 February 1987. The order is modelled on the Order of Merit and the Order of the Companions of Honour.
Outline of science
The following outline is provided as a topical overview of science:

Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: the natural sciences, which study the physical world, and the social sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as the formal sciences, the study of logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of the scientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile, applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine.

Prediction
A prediction (from Latin  prae- 'before' and  dictum 'something said') or  forecast is a statement about a future event or about future data. Predictions are often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge of forecasters. There is no universal agreement about the exact difference between "prediction" and "estimation"; different authors and disciplines ascribe different connotations.

Future events are necessarily uncertain, so guaranteed accurate information about the future is impossible. Prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments.
Syberia II
Syberia II is a 2004 graphic adventure game developed and published by MC2-Microïds. As the direct sequel to 2002's Syberia, it is a third-person puzzle-solving game. Although it is stylistically identical, Syberia II improves upon the first game by introducing more realistic character animation. The game includes a recap of the first chapter, so it does not require the player to have experienced the first game.

Syberia II achieved global sales of 600,000 units by early 2006. The game was received favorably by critics.

Microids
Microids (formerly Microïds) is a French video game developer and publisher based in Paris. Founded in 1985 by Elliot Grassiano, it attained early success with games published through Loriciel in France and other partners (including Activision and Broderbund) in international markets. Through expanding its staff and development teams, Microïds generated funds to expand from just development to publishing and distribution and opening international offices. The company merged with MC2 in 2003 to create MC2-Microïds, whereafter it acquired publishers Wanadoo Edition and Cryo Interactive. Grassiano left MC2-Microïds in 2005; under new management, MC2-Microïds was briefly renamed MC2 before returning to the old Microïds name. It was then acquired by Anuman Interactive in 2010, which itself was renamed Microïds (then simplified to Microids) in 2019.
Lexi Pana
Alexis Pana (born August 23, 1998) is an American-Filipino professional basketball player for Musel Pikes of the Luxembourg Basketball League. She is also contracted with the Goldfields Giants of the NBL1 West. She played college basketball for the Central Washington Wildcats.

Central Washington Wildcats
The Central Washington Wildcats (also CWU Wildcats) are the 13 varsity athletic teams that represent Central Washington University, located in Ellensburg, Washington, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Wildcats compete as members of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference.
He (kana)
He (hiragana: へ, katakana: ヘ) is one of the Japanese kana, which represents one mora. The [he] sound is the only sound that is written almost identically in hiragana and katakana and therefore confusable according to the Unicode Standard. In the Sakhalin dialect of the Ainu language, ヘ can be written as small ㇸ to represent a final [h] after an [e] sound (エㇸ [eh]).

It is usually pronounced [he] with the aspirate [h] before its vowel. It is also often used as a grammatical particle indicating direction, which makes only the vowel sound [e]; when used this way, it is sometimes romanised as 'e.

Though the two forms へ and ヘ are usually rendered with a small difference between them, in order to match better with the appearance of other hiragana or katakana characters, they can often be rendered identically. A reader is not expected to distinguish one from the other without contextual clues.

Japanese particles
Japanese particles, joshi (助詞) or teni(o)ha (てに（を）は), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence. Their grammatical range can indicate various meanings and functions, such as speaker affect and assertiveness.
Radiation colitis
Radiation colitis is injury to the colon caused by radiation therapy.   It is usually associated with treatment for prostate cancer or cervical cancer.  Common symptoms are diarrhea, a feeling of being unable to empty the bowel, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal pain.

If symptoms of radiation colitis onset within 60 days of exposure to radiation, it is referred to as acute; otherwise, it is classified as chronic.  Acute radiation colitis may onset within a few hours of radiation exposure, and may clear up within two or three months after radiation ends. Between 5 and 15% of individuals who receive radiation to the pelvis may have chronic radiation colitis. Radiation therapy can also affect the bowel at the small intestine (radiation enteritis) or the rectum (radiation proctitis).

Rectal tenesmus
Rectal tenesmus is a feeling of incomplete defecation.  It is the sensation of inability or difficulty to empty the bowel at defecation, even if the bowel contents have already been evacuated. Tenesmus indicates the feeling of a residue, and is not always correlated with the actual presence of residual fecal matter in the rectum. It is frequently painful and may be accompanied by involuntary straining and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Tenesmus has both a nociceptive and a neuropathic component.

Often, rectal tenesmus is simply called tenesmus. The term rectal tenesmus is a retronym to distinguish defecation-related tenesmus from vesical tenesmus. Vesical tenesmus is a similar condition, experienced as a feeling of incomplete voiding despite the bladder being empty.

Tenesmus is a closely related topic to obstructed defecation. The term is from Latin  tēnesmus, from Ancient Greek  τεινεσμός (teinesmos), from  τείνω (teínō) 'to stretch, strain'.
Herbert Stansfield
Herbert Stansfield AMIEE (1872 – 14 March 1960) was a British physicist and Professor at University College, Southampton (1912–32) whose research focussed on soap films, the Michelson Interferometer and the Echelon Spectroscope.

Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) was a British professional organisation of electronics, electrical, manufacturing, and information technology professionals, especially electrical engineers. It began in 1871 as the Society of Telegraph Engineers. In 2006, it merged with the Institution of Incorporated Engineers and the new organisation is Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).

Notable past presidents have included Lord Kelvin (1889), Sir Joseph Swan (1898) and Sebastian de Ferranti (1910–11). Notable chairmen include John M. M. Munro (1910–11).
Maharan Radi
Maharan Radi (Arabic: مهران راضي, Hebrew: מהראן ראדי; born 1 July 1982) is an Israeli footballer who plays for Hapoel Nof HaGalil. He was capped 10 times by the Israel national team between 2012 and 2014.

Israel national football team
The Israel national football team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בכדורגל, romanized: Nivḥeret Yīsrāʾēl BeḴaduregel) represents Israel in men's international football, and is governed by the Israel Football Association. They have been members of the European Confederation UEFA since 1994.

Israel qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first and to date, only time, in 1970. They also won the 1964 AFC Asian Cup, before a forced relocation to UEFA.
Mark 30 torpedo mine
The Mark 30 mine was an aircraft-launched, antisubmarine torpedo developed by the Brush Development Company during World War II. It was developed as a backup for the Mark 24 mine due to apprehensions regarding the Mark 24's acoustic steering. Three prototypes of the Mark 30 were built and tested in 1943; results were satisfactory. Production of the Mark 30 was never undertaken due to the success of the Mark 24 mine's acoustic steering.

Mark 24 mine
The Mark 24 mine (also known as FIDO or Fido) is an air-dropped anti-submarine (ASW) acoustic torpedo developed by the United States during World War II; it was called a mine to conceal its capabilities. The torpedo entered service with the Allies in March 1943 and was used by the United States Navy (USN) until 1948. Approximately 4,000 were produced. Of the 340 deployed during the war, 204 were fired, sinking 37 and damaging 18 Axis submarines.
Esakia space
In mathematics, Esakia spaces are special ordered topological spaces introduced and studied by Leo Esakia in 1974. Esakia spaces play a fundamental role in the study of Heyting algebras, primarily by virtue of the Esakia duality—the dual equivalence between the category of Heyting algebras and the category of Esakia spaces.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
Jerry Adriano
Jerry Adriano Moreno Pires (born November 1, 1983, in Cape Verde) is a Cape Verdean football player who is currently playing as a striker for El-Gawafel Sportives de Gafsa in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.

In September 2008, Adriano joined Orlando Pirates from USM Alger.

EGS Gafsa
El Gawafel Sportives de Gafsa (Arabic: القوافل الرياضية بقفصة), known as EGS Gafsa or simply EGSG for short, is a Tunisian football club based in Gafsa. The club was founded in 1967 and its colours are green and yellow. Their home stadium, Mohamed Rouached Stadium, has a capacity of 7,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1.
Square gyrobicupola
In geometry, the square gyrobicupola is one of the Johnson solids (J29). Like the square orthobicupola (J28), it can be obtained by joining two square cupolae (J4) along their bases. The difference is that in this solid, the two halves are rotated 45 degrees with respect to one another.

A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966.

The square gyrobicupola is the second in an infinite set of gyrobicupolae.

Related to the square gyrobicupola is the elongated square gyrobicupola. This polyhedron is created when an octagonal prism is inserted between the two halves of the square gyrobicupola.

Regular polygon
In Euclidean geometry, a regular polygon is a polygon that is direct equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may be either convex or star. In the limit, a sequence of regular polygons with an increasing number of sides approximates a circle, if the perimeter or area is fixed, or a regular apeirogon (effectively a straight line), if the edge length is fixed.
Akan Clans
Akan clans are organized matrilineal lineages that define descent, inheritance, and social identity within Akan culture. Clan membership is inherited through the mother’s line, and every Akan belongs to a recognized clan. The Asante, Fante, and others use a totemic clan system  in which each clan is associated with a symbolic animal. By contrast, the clans around the Bono are based around local residential wards or quarters called abrono.

Akan people
The Akan (/ˈækæn/) people are a Kwa group living primarily in Ghana and parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Congo family. Subgroups of the Akan people include: the Adanse, Agona, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Asante, Baoulé, Bono, Chakosi, Fante, Kwahu, Sefwi, Wassa, Ahanta, Denkyira and Nzema, among others. The Akan subgroups all have cultural attributes in common; most notably the tracing of royal matrilineal descent in the inheritance of property, and for succession to high political office. All Akans are considered royals in status, but not all are in royal succession or hold titles.