hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Schmidt v Rosewood Trust Ltd
Schmidt v Rosewood Trust Ltd [2003] UKPC 26 is a judicial decision concerning the information rights of a beneficiary under a discretionary trust. Although the judgment involved a question as to the law of the Isle of Man (rather than English law, strictly speaking), the Privy Council's judgment in Schmidt v Rosewood was adopted into English law by Briggs J (as his Lordship then was) in Breakspear v Ackland [2008] EWHC 220 (Ch).

Beneficiary (trust)
In trust law, a beneficiary (also known by the Law French terms cestui que use and cestui que trust), is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement.  A beneficiary will normally be a natural person, but it is perfectly possible to have a company as the beneficiary of a trust, and this often happens in sophisticated commercial transaction structures. With the exception of charitable trusts, and some specific anomalous non-charitable purpose trusts, all trusts are required to have ascertainable beneficiaries.

Generally speaking, there are no strictures as to who may be a beneficiary of a trust; a beneficiary can be a minor, or under a mental disability (in fact many trusts are created specifically for persons with those legal disadvantages). It is also possible to have trusts for unborn children, although the trusts must vest within the applicable perpetuity period.
Tercio of Fuenclara
The Tercio of Fuenclara was a Spanish tercio organized in 1633 consisting of veteran native Spanish troops stationed in Italy that formed part of the Cardinal-Infante's army and then Spain's Army of Flanders based in the Spanish Netherlands.

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; 16 May 1609 – 9 November 1641) was a Spanish and Portuguese prince (Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640)), Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church,  Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–1641), and a general during the Thirty Years' War, the Eighty Years' War, and the Franco-Spanish War. He is commonly considered the last great commander and strategist of the Spanish Empire, whose premature death in a critical moment helped bring about the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe.
Tapellaria albomarginata
Tapellaria albomarginata is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Ectolechiaceae. Known from Costa Rica, it was described as new to science in 2011. This foliicolous lichen grows directly on living leaves in the humid, shaded lower canopy of lowland rainforests. It is recognised by its small, black, dot-like fruiting bodies that are surrounded by a distinctive white, powdery rim.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
William Galloway (architectural historian)
William Galloway (1830–1897) was a 19th-century architect and builder in Edinburgh, mainly remembered as an architectural historian. He also worked as an architectural illustrator and photographer.

In authorship he used the title William de B M Galloway but this appears an affectation.

He was an expert on, and early cataloguer of, Pictish stones.

Pictish stone
A Pictish stone is a type of monumental stele, generally carved or incised with symbols or designs. A few have ogham inscriptions. Located in Scotland, mostly north of the Clyde-Forth line and on the Eastern side of the country, these stones are the most visible remaining evidence of the Picts and are thought to date from the 6th to 9th century, a period during which the Picts became Christianized.  The earlier stones have no parallels from the rest of the British Isles, but the later forms are variations within a wider Insular tradition of monumental stones such as high crosses.  About 350 objects classified as Pictish stones have survived, the earlier examples of which holding by far the greatest number of surviving examples of the mysterious symbols, which have long intrigued scholars.
Panagal Park metro station
Panagal Park is an upcoming underground metro station on the East-West Corridor of the Yellow Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This metro station will be among the 30 stations of Corridor IV and 12 underground stations along Corridor IV of the Chennai Metro, Poonamallee Bypass–Lighthouse stretch. This metro station is slated to be commercialized on March 2027.

Yellow Line (Chennai Metro)
The Yellow Line  or Line 4 is one of the under construction lines of Chennai Metro, stretching for 26.1 km (16.2 mi) between Lighthouse and Poonamallee Bypass. The line will consist of 27 stations, out of which nine will be underground and 18 will be at grade or elevated. The colour code of the corridor was changed from Orange to Yellow in 2025.
Edward W. Hooper
Captain Edward William Hooper (December 14, 1839 – June 25, 1901), known as E. W. Hooper and also colloquially as Ned, was aide-de-camp on the staff of Union Generals Rufus Saxton, Department of the South and John Adams Dix, Department of the East during the American Civil War from 1862 to 1865. Hooper also served as private secretary to General Saxton, during which time he was given the rank of captain. He was also post commander and military governor in the South Carolina Sea Islands. Subsequently, he became steward (from 1872 to 1874) and later treasurer (from 1876 to 1898) of Harvard College.

Rufus Saxton
Rufus Saxton (October 19, 1824 – February 23, 1908) was a Union Army brigadier general during the American Civil War who received America's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions defending Harpers Ferry during Confederate General Jackson's Valley Campaign. He was appointed military governor of the Department of the South in May 1862 and was involved with the Port Royal Experiment.

After the war, Saxton was a strong advocate for the enfranchisement of African Americans and served as the Freedmen's Bureau's first assistant commissioner. He was removed from his position in the government agency by President Andrew Johnson. Saxton died in Washington, D.C. in 1908.
Suryakant Chintaman Chafekar
Air Vice Marshal Suryakant Chintaman Chafekar AVSM, SC is a retired Indian Air Force (IAF) officer who served as the Senior Air and Administration Staff Officer, Maintenance Command, IAF, from 1 July 2016 until he retired on 30 September 2017. He was the commanding officer of No. 48 Squadron IAF. During his career he landed Antonov An-32 aircraft on High Altitude Advanced Landing Grounds (HAALG)s in Daulat Beg Oldi, Fukche and Nyoma.

Shaurya Chakra
The Shaurya Chakra  (lit. 'Wheel of Gallantry') is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, sometimes posthumously. It is third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards and comes after the Ashoka Chakra and the Kirti Chakra. It precedes the Yudh Seva Medal.
HMS Amelia (1796)
Proserpine was a 38-gun Hébé-class frigate of the French Navy launched in 1785 that HMS Dryad captured on 13 June 1796. The Admiralty commissioned Proserpine into the Royal Navy as the fifth rate, HMS Amelia. She spent 20 years in the Royal Navy, participating in numerous actions in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, capturing a number of prizes, and serving on anti-smuggling and anti-slavery patrols. Her most notable action was her intense and bloody, but inconclusive, fight in 1813 with the French frigate Aréthuse. Amelia was broken up in December 1816.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.
China Nepstar
China Nepstar Chain Drugstore Ltd., which conducts business as China Nepstar (Chinese: 海王星辰; pinyin: Hǎiwángxīng chén), is China's largest retail drugstore chain, based on the number of directly operated stores. It is headquartered in Nanshan District, Shenzhen.

As of April 2016, the company had 1,965 directly operated stores in China, one headquarters distribution center, and 15 regional distribution centers in China.

It uses directly operated stores, centralized procurement, and a network of regional distribution centers to provide customers with pharmacy services and a wide variety of other merchandise, including over-the-counter ("OTC") drugs, nutritional supplements, herbal products, personal care products, family care products, and convenience products including consumables.

The company also offers products under its own brand names (private label products). It offers 1,356 private label products.

The company pioneered the concept of chain retailing in pharmacies in China.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Mathias Greve
Mathias Peter Greve Petersen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʁeːw]; born 11 February 1995) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish Superliga club Randers.

A product of the Odense Boldklub (OB) academy, Greve was promoted to their first team in 2014. He grew into an established player for de Striwede over the following seasons, making more than 150 appearances for the club. In January 2020, he moved to league rivals Randers. Greve became a key player for the club at left wing, helping the club to a Danish Cup win in the 2020–21 season. His performances earned him a transfer to defending Danish Superliga champions Brøndby in August 2021.

Greve represented Denmark at under-20 and under-21 levels. He earned seven total caps for the youth national teams.

Danish Football Association
The Danish Football Association (Danish: Dansk Boldspil-Union; abbr. DBU) is the governing body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues, alongside the men's and women's national teams. Based in the city of Brøndby, it is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.
Lyndon Emsley
David Lyndon Emsley FRSC (born 29 November 1964) is a British chemist specialising in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and a professor at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne). He was awarded the 2012 Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer of the French Académie des Sciences and the 2015 Bourke Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

He was an editorial board member of the journal Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry from 2008 to 2010. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of ChemPhysChem and Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. He is an associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Er with caron
Er with caron (Р̌ р̌) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

Er with caron, or often er with breve (Р̆ р̆), is used in the Nivkh language, where it represents the voiceless alveolar trill /r̥/, sometimes analyzed as /r̥ʃ/.

It was also used in 19th-century Polish Cyrillic, corresponding to the digraph Rz, which used to have the sound value of Czech Ř ř.

Ř
The grapheme Ř, ř (R with caron, example of Czech pronunciation: "řeka"ⓘ) is a letter used in the alphabets of the Czech and Upper Sorbian languages, as well as several other languages written in the Latin script. It was also used in proposed orthographies for the Silesian language. It has been used in academic transcriptions for rhotic sounds.

The Unicode glyphs are U+0158 Ř LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON and U+0159 ř LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON. Either can also be represented using the combining character U+030C ◌̌ COMBINING CARON.
1965–66 Victorian district cricket final
The 1965–66 Victorian district cricket final was a cricket match played over four days from 2 April to 16 April 1966, between the Essendon Cricket Club and the Northcote Cricket Club at the Albert Cricket Ground in Melbourne. The match was staged to determine the premiers of the 1965–66 Victorian district cricket season.

The match, which was decided on first innings lead, was won by Northcote after it successfully chased Essendon's club record first innings score of 9d/514 with five wickets to spare. Northcote captain and Australian Test opener Bill Lawry made 282 not out as part of Northcote's total of 5/516. The match is the most famous in Victorian district cricket history.

Essendon Cricket Club
Essendon Cricket Club is an Australian cricket club competing in the Victorian Premier Cricket competition. The club was first established in 1872. The club trains and plays at Windy Hill, Essendon, former training ground and administrative base of the Australian Football League team Essendon Football Club.
Soul Sister (horse)
Soul Sister (foaled 25 January 2020) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. She won her only race as a juvenile in 2022 and made good progress in the following year to win the Musidora Stakes and the Epsom Oaks.

Epsom Oaks
The Oaks Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. It is the second-oldest of the five Classic races, after the St Leger. Officially the Betfred Oaks, it is also popularly known as simply The Oaks. It has increasingly come to be referred to as the Epsom Oaks in both the UK and overseas countries, although 'Epsom' is not part of the official title of the race.

It is the third of Britain's five Classic races to be held during the season, and the second of two restricted to fillies. It can also serve as the middle leg of the Fillies Triple Crown, preceded by the 1000 Guineas and followed by the St Leger, although the feat of winning all three is rarely attempted.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R–C(=O)–H) to carboxylic acids (R–C(=O)–O–H). The oxygen comes from a water molecule.  To date, nineteen ALDH genes have been identified within the human genome. These genes participate in a wide variety of biological processes including the detoxification of exogenously and endogenously generated aldehydes.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
Kan extension
Kan extensions are universal constructs in category theory, a branch of mathematics. They are closely related to adjoints, but are also related to limits and ends. They are named after Daniel M. Kan, who constructed certain (Kan) extensions using limits in 1960.

An early use of (what is now known as) a Kan extension from 1956 was in homological algebra to compute derived functors.

In Categories for the Working Mathematician, Saunders Mac Lane titled a section "All Concepts Are Kan Extensions", and went on to write that

The notion of Kan extensions subsumes all the other fundamental concepts of category theory.

Kan extensions generalize the notion of extending a function defined on a subset to a function defined on the whole set. The definition, not surprisingly, is at a high level of abstraction. When specialised to posets, it becomes a relatively familiar type of question on constrained optimization.

Limit (category theory)
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the abstract notion of a limit captures the essential properties of universal constructions such as products, pullbacks and inverse limits.  The dual notion of a colimit generalizes constructions such as disjoint unions, direct sums, coproducts, pushouts and direct limits.

Limits and colimits, like the strongly related notions of universal properties and adjoint functors, exist at a high level of abstraction. In order to understand them, it is helpful to first study the specific examples these concepts are meant to generalize.
Dale Lodge Hotel
Dale Lodge Hotel in Grasmere is a building of historical significance. It was built in the early 1800s and was a private residence until about 1900. It was used mainly by the Townsend-Farquhar family and particularly by the two dowager ladies Lady Maria Farquhar followed by her daughter in law Lady Erica Farquhar. When the second Lady Farquhar died the property was sold and it became a hotel.

Grasmere (village)
Grasmere is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Lakes, in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England, and situated in the centre of the Lake District and named after its adjacent lake. Grasmere lies within the historic county of Westmorland. The Ambleside and Grasmere ward had an estimated population of 4,592 in 2019. William and Dorothy Wordsworth, the 'Lake Poets', lived in Grasmere for 14 years and called it "the loveliest spot that man hath ever found."
Ateneo bullying incident
The Ateneo bullying incident occurred on December 19, 2018, when a student, Joaquin Montes, physically bullied a schoolmate inside the bathroom of the Junior High School campus in the Ateneo de Manila University. The incident was captured on video and was met with widespread shock and outrage on social media, with local celebrities, politicians, and netizens denouncing the incident. On December 23, the Ateneo management announced that the bully had been dismissed from the school.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Cooroy railway station
Cooroy railway station is a heritage-listed railway station at 14 Myall Street, Cooroy, Shire of Noosa, Queensland, Australia. It is on the North Coast railway line serving the town of Cooroy. It was designed by the Office of the Chief Engineer of Queensland Rail and built in 1890 by Fitzwilliam Williams. It opened on 17 July 1891 with the opening of the line from Cooran. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 14 August 2008.

North Coast railway line, Queensland
The North Coast railway line (NCL) is a 1,681-kilometre (1,045 mi) 1067 mm gauge railway line in Queensland, Australia. It commences at Roma Street station, Brisbane, and largely parallels the Queensland coast to Cairns in Far North Queensland. The line is electrified between Brisbane and Rockhampton. Along the way, the 1,680-kilometre (1,040 mi) railway passes through the numerous towns and cities of eastern Queensland including Nambour, Bundaberg, Gladstone, Rockhampton, Mackay and Townsville. The line through the centre of Rockhampton runs down the middle of Denison Street.
Bart Kofoed
Bart Kofoed (born March 24, 1964) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) he played as a point guard.

Kofoed attended Hastings College before transferring to Kearney State College (now University of Nebraska at Kearney), and was selected with the 15th pick of the fifth round of the 1987 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz (107th overall). He played on four different NBA teams between 1987 and 1992. During the 1994–95 Continental Basketball Association season, Kofoed served as assistant coach to Omaha Racers head coach Mike Thibault, as he had previously helped them win the 1993 title.

Along with former NBA players Bobby Jones and David Thompson, Kofoed co-founded 2XSALT, a non-profit Christian organization based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Mike Thibault
Michael Francis Thibault (born September 28, 1950) is an American basketball head coach and  basketball general manager. He is the head coach of the Belgian women's national basketball team Belgian Cats since 2025. Before he coached the Connecticut Sun of the WNBA, and the Washington Mystics. In 2013, Thibault became the all-time WNBA leader with his 212th head-coaching victory.