hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light
The Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) performs basic research in optical metrology, optical communication, new optical materials, plasmonics and nanophotonics and optical applications in biology and medicine. It is part of the Max Planck Society and was founded on January 1, 2009 in Erlangen near Nuremberg. The institute is based on the Max Planck Research Group "Optics, Information and Photonics", which was founded in 2004 at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, as a precursor. The institute currently comprises four divisions.

Max Planck Society
The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. Founded in 1911 as the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, it was renamed to the Max Planck Society in 1948 in honor of its former president, theoretical physicist Max Planck. The society is funded by the federal and state governments of Germany.
Giedrė Šlekytė
Giedrė Šlekytė (born 1989) is a Lithuanian conductor, who works in Europe with a focus on opera. After she was one of three conductors for the Young Conductor Award of the Salzburg Festival in 2015, she worked at the Stadttheater Klagenfurt for two seasons. She conducted Schreker's  Die Gezeichneten at the Opernhaus Zürich, and Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmélites at the Oper Frankfurt in 2021.

Zurich Opera House
The Zurich Opera House (German: Opernhaus Zürich) is an opera house in the Swiss city of Zurich. Located at the Sechseläutenplatz, it has been the home of the Zurich Opera since 1891, and also houses the Bernhard-Theater Zürich. It is also home to Ballett Zürich.

It received the "Opera Company of the Year" award at the 2014 International Opera Awards.
Warszawa Falenica railway station
Warszawa Falenica railway station is a railway station in the Wawer district of Warsaw, Poland. As of 2012, it is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run the KM7 services from Warszawa Zachodnia to Dęblin and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who run the S1 services from Pruszków PKP to Otwock.

Pruszków railway station
Pruszków railway station is a railway station in Pruszków, Poland.  The station is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run trains from Skierniewice to Warszawa Wschodnia, Przewozy Regionalne, who run some services from Warszawa Wschodnia and Rzeszów Główny via Pruszków and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who operate line S1 which begins at this station, runs on the suburban tracks of the Cross City Line and goes on to Otwock, terminating there.
Herman Klynveld
Hermanus Klijnveld (8 July 1833 – 21 June 1907), commonly known as Herman Klynveld, was a Dutch-born South African advocate notable for his significant contributions as a member of the Volksraad in the Orange Free State (Oranje Vrijstaat), a Boer republic in Southern Africa.

His diplomatic efforts shaped the political landscape of the region during a pivotal era. Initially opposed to the construction of the railway between Bloemfontein and Cape Town, Klynveld nevertheless played a significant role in its eventual development. Klynveld also played a role in the protest against the annexation of diamond fields by the Cape Colony, and was involved in efforts to strengthen ties with the neighbouring Transvaal. His diplomatic acumen was particularly highlighted during his appointment to advise the Transvaal government in response to the Jameson Raid, demonstrating his importance in the political and legal spheres of the Boer republics.

Transvaal Colony
25°S 30°E﻿ / ﻿25°S 30°E﻿ / -25; 30

The Transvaal Colony (Afrikaans pronunciation: [transˈfɑːl]) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the Second Boer War in 1902, when the South African Republic was dissolved, and the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902). In 1910 the entire territory became the Transvaal Province of the Union of South Africa.
Fluxedo
Fluxedo is the second album by dobro player Jerry Douglas, released in 1982 (see 1982 in music). The album's title comes from Douglas' nickname of "Flux". Fluxedo is out of print although all of the tracks can be found on the compilation Everything Is Gonna Work Out Fine.

The type of formal wear shown in the cover photo is actually not a tuxedo.  A tuxedo, also known as black tie is a type of male semi-formal evening wear.  The clothing outfit shown in the cover photo is a type of very-formal daytime wear, known as a morning suit or morning dress.

Jerry Douglas
Gerald Calvin Douglas (born May 28, 1956) is an American Dobro and lap steel guitar player and record producer. He is widely regarded as "perhaps the finest Dobro player in contemporary acoustic music, and certainly the most celebrated and prolific". A 14-time Grammy winner, he has been called "Dobro's matchless contemporary master" by The New York Times and is among the most innovative recording artists in music, both as a solo artist and member of numerous bands, such as Alison Krauss and Union Station and The Earls of Leicester. He has been a co-director of the Transatlantic Sessions since 1998.

Douglas was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2024.
Ganja Karuppu
Karuppu Raja, known for his stage name Ganja Karuppu (born 5 January 1976), is an Indian actor who has predominantly appeared in comedy roles in Tamil cinema. After making his debut in Bala's Pithamagan (2003), Ganja Karuppu experienced success in the late 2000s with his roles in Raam (2005),  Sivakasi (2005), Paruthiveeran (2007), Subramaniyapuram (2008) and Naadodigal (2009).

P. Samuthirakani
P. Samuthirakani (born 26 April 1973) is an Indian actor and film director who works predominantly in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He worked as an assistant to director K. Balachander, in Paarthale Paravasam. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2016 for Visaranai, he is also a recipient of three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, a Filmfare Award and a SIIMA award
Publius Sittius
Publius Sittius (died 44 BC) was a Roman eques and mercenary commander. As a mercenary he was employed by king Bocchus II of East-Mauretania. Sittius fought for Bocchus against king Juba I of Numidia, capturing Juba's capital of Cirta and defeating the Numidian army under general Saburra (the victor of the Battle of the Bagradas). He also supported Julius Caesar in the civil war between Caesar and the Optimates, ultimately catching and killing Faustus Cornelius Sulla and Lucius Afranius as well as destroying Scipio's fleet off Hippo Regius. He was a personal friend of Marcus Tullius Cicero.

Hippo Regius
Hippo Regius (also known as Hippo or Hippone) is the ancient name of the modern city of Annaba, Algeria. It served as an important city for the Phoenicians, Berbers, Romans, and Vandals. Hippo was the capital city of the Vandal Kingdom from AD 435 to 439.  After the Vandal capture of Carthage in 439, Carthage became the capital.

It was the focus of several early Christian councils and home to Augustine of Hippo, a Church Father highly important in Western Christianity.
Khairahani
Khairahani is a municipality in the Chitwan District of Bagmati Province, southern Nepal. The municipality was established on 8 May 2014 by merging the former Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Khairahani, Kumroj, and Chainpur.

According to the 2011 Nepal census, Khairahani Municipality had a population of 56,925 people.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
The In-Laws (TV series)
The In-Laws (Chinese: 麻婆斗妇) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, MediaCorp Channel 8. It stars Louise Lee, Rui En, Pierre Png, Cynthia Koh,  Darren Lim, Belinda Lee & Jin Yinji as the casts of the series. It made its debut on 12 April 2011 and has ended on 30 May 2011. This drama serial consists of 35 episodes, and was screened on every weekday night at 9:00 pm. This drama serial was repeated on every Monday to Wednesday at 3:30 pm.

It stars the award-winning veteran Hong Kong actress Louise Lee who also acted in the locally produced Portrait of Home back in 2005.

The series title 麻婆斗妇 (ma po dou fu, literally translates as "old lady fights daughter-in-law") is a play on a spicy tofu and beef dish from Sichuan called "Pockmarked Lady's Beancurd" (麻婆豆腐).

Portrait of Home
Portrait of Home (Chinese: 同心圆) is a Chinese language drama serial which was filmed for and broadcast on Singapore's Mediacorp TV Channel 8 in 2005. It stars Louise Lee, Xiang Yun, Adrian Pang, Pierre Png and Felicia Chin as the casts of the series. It is shown on weekdays at 7pm.

The show has 100 episodes telecast in two segments, the first part with 60 episodes and the second part with 40 episodes.
Bryan Cohen
Bryan Cohen (Hebrew: בריאן כהן; born May 10, 1989) is an American-Israeli former basketball player. He played the shooting guard position. He won a gold medal with Team USA in the 2009 Maccabiah Games. He played college basketball for the Bucknell Bison and was the Patriot League Defensive Player of Year in 2010, 2011, and 2012—the only player in league history to win the award three times. He played from 2012–14 for Maccabi Haifa in the Israeli Basketball Premier League.

Maccabi Haifa B.C.
Maccabi Haifa Basketball Club is a professional basketball club based in Haifa, Israel. It is the basketball section of the Maccabi Haifa association. The team currently competes in the Liga Leumit (the second tier of Israeli basketball). The team plays their home games in the Romema Arena, which can seat up to 5,000 spectators.
Desta Damtew
Ras Desta Damtew KBE (Amharic: ደስታ ዳምጠው; c. 1892 – 24 February 1937) was an Ethiopian noble, army commander and a son-in-law of Emperor Haile Selassie I. He is known for his leadership in the Ethiopian Army during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. He was executed on 24 February 1937, by the Italian Armed Forces shortly after Ethiopia's loss in the war.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Jerry Mays (defensive lineman)
Gerald Avery "Jerry" Mays (November 24, 1939 – July 17, 1994) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle and defensive end for 10 years with the Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs. He played in the American Football League (AFL) for the first nine years, before playing his final season (1970) in the National Football League (NFL) after the AFL-NFL merger. Mays was an AFL All-Star and All-AFL selection on multiple occasions, and was named by the Pro Football Hall of Fame to the AFL's All-Time Team. Mays played on three AFL championships teams. He played in Super Bowls I and IV. He played college football for the SMU Mustangs, and was a first-team All-Southwest Conference selection his senior year, even though his team was winless that season.

Curley Culp
Curley Culp (March 10, 1946 – November 27, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State University, where he was also an NCAA heavyweight wrestling champion. He played football in the AFL for the Kansas City Chiefs in 1968 and 1969, and in the NFL for the Chiefs, Houston Oilers, and Detroit Lions. He was an AFL All-Star in 1969 and a six-time Pro Bowler.
This Generation (Murs and Fashawn album)
This Generation is a collaborative studio album by American rappers Murs and Fashawn. It was released on September 25, 2012 through Duck Down Music. Produced entirely by Beatnick and K-Salaam, it features guest appearances from Adrian and Krondon. Music videos were filmed for the singles "Slash Gordan", "This Generation", and "64 Impala".

In the United States, the album debuted at number 164 on the Billboard 200, number 22 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 17 on the Top Rap Albums and number 38 on the Independent Albums charts.

K-Salaam
K-Salaam (born Kayvon Sarfehjooy in 1977 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian-born American producer, turntablist, and educator. At age three, his family moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota where he was raised for most of his childhood. He then moved to New York City to pursue a career in music. He currently resides in Vancouver, BC. He is of Iranian heritage.
Rimmen railway halt
Rimmen railway halt (Danish: Rimmen Trinbræt) is a railway halt, located a short distance north of the village of Nielstrup north of Frederikshavn in Vendsyssel, Denmark.

The halt is located on the Skagensbanen railway line from Skagen to Frederikshavn between Jerup station and Strandby station. The train services are currently operated by Nordjyske Jernbaner which run frequent local train services between Skagen station and Frederikshavn station.

Skagen railway station
Skagen railway station (Danish: Skagen Station or Skagen Banegård) is the main railway station serving the town of Skagen in Vendsyssel, Denmark. The station is located in the central part of the town by its main artery Sankt Laurentii Vej.

The station is the northern terminus of the Skagensbanen railway line from Frederikshavn to Skagen and is the most northerly railway station in Denmark. The station opened in 1890 with the opening of the Skagensbanen railway line. The current station building was built in 1919. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Nordjyske Jernbaner (NJ) which run frequent local train services between Skagen and Frederikshavn with onward connections from Frederikshavn to the rest of Denmark.
Carlos Handy
Carlos Rafael Handy (born 18 October 1950) is a Cuban-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Texas Southern University, where he helped establish the university's physics program and served as its first chair. He also co-founded the Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems at Clark Atlanta University. While at Clark Atlanta, he developed the Eigenvalue Method (EMM) technique.

Clark Atlanta University
Clark Atlanta University (CAU or Clark Atlanta) is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded on September 19, 1865, as Atlanta University, the first HBCU in the United States to confer graduate degrees to African Americans.   In 1988, the school consolidated with Clark College (established 1869) to form CAU. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Arizona State Route 273
State Route 273 (SR 273) is a state highway in Apache County, Arizona that runs from its junction with SR 260 west of Eagar to its junction with SR 261 north of Big Lake.  It winds through the forest but is overall a north–south route.

Arizona State Route 260
State Route 260, also known as SR 260, is a 217.78-mile (350.48 km) long east–west major state highway in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona.  It connects State Route 89A in Cottonwood to U.S. Route 180 and U.S. Route 191 in Eagar. The highway begins in Yavapai County before entering Coconino County and then entering Gila County before reentering Coconino County and then entering Navajo and Apache counties, where the highway ends.
Haystack Near Giverny
Haystack Near Giverny is an oil on canvas painting by Claude Monet, from 1884. It is held in the Pushkin Museum, in Moscow. It is a precursor to his 1890s Haystacks series.

It was bought by Paul Durand-Ruel in 1906 and in spring 1907 he sold it on to Ivan Morozov. A letter from Durand-Ruel on 27 May 1907 confirms he received 10,000 francs from Morozov for that work and 40,000 francs for A Corner in the Garden at Montgeron - the former arrived in Moscow on 10 October that year. His collection was seized by the state after the October Revolution - the painting was assigned to the State Museum of Modern Western Art until its closure in 1948, then moved to its present location.

A Corner in the Garden at Montgeron
A Corner in the Garden at Montgeron (FR: Coin de Jardin à Montgeron) is an oil on canvas painting by Claude Monet, from 1876. It is held in the Hermitage Museum, in Saint Petersburg.

It shows a flowering corner of the garden of the château de Rottembourg in Montgeron, near Paris, which then belonged to Ernest Hoschedé. He invited Monet that summer and autumn to paint 4 large canvases for his round living room.

The following year Hoschedé went bankrupt and because of that he never received the paintings, since the château was sold. Ivan Morozov bought the work in 1907 and ten years later it was seized by the Soviet state after the October Revolution.
Terance Marin
Terance Marin (born August 21, 1989) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Evansville Otters of the Frontier League. He has previously played in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions.

Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
The Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions, stylized as Uni-President 7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn Lions, also known as Uni-Lions (Chinese: 統一7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn獅), are a professional baseball team playing in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). The Lions are based in Tainan City, Taiwan and homefielded primarily at Tainan Municipal Baseball Stadium.

The organization is owned by Uni-President Corporation, one of Taiwan's largest conglomerates, whose subsidiary Uni-President Baseball Team Company oversees operations of the team. The Lions are the only CPBL team owned by the same parent company and played continuously since CPBL's founding season in 1990.
Merrill Brown
Merrill Brown is a media executive and journalist. In addition to writing for The Washington Post, he launched MSNBC.com and was the website’s founding editor-in-chief. He is the former Director of the School of Communication and Media at Montclair State University. Brown is founder of The News Project.

Montclair State University
Montclair State University (Montclair) is a public research university in Montclair, New Jersey, United States. Parts of the campus extend into Clifton and into Little Falls. As of June 2024, there were 22,570 total enrolled students: 18,062 undergraduate students and 4,508 graduate students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The campus covers approximately 252 acres (1.02 km2). The university offers more than 300 majors, minors, and concentrations.
Tucumán arde
Tucumán Arde (translated "Tucumán is Burning") was a series of art events in Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina, in 1968 that addressed the living and working conditions under military dictator Juan Carlos Onganía. The events were organized and executed by a group of artists that included María Teresa Gramuglio, Nicolás Rosa, Juan Pablo Renzi, León Ferrari, Roberto Jacoby, Norberto Puzzolo, and Graciela Carnevale.

Tucumán Province
Tucumán (Spanish pronunciation: [tukuˈman]) is the most densely populated, and the second-smallest by land area, of the provinces of Argentina.

Located in the northwest of the country, the province has the capital of San Miguel de Tucumán, often shortened to Tucumán. Neighboring provinces are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Garden of the Republic), as it is a highly productive agricultural area.
Trad jazz
Trad jazz, short for "traditional jazz", is a form of jazz in the United States and Britain that flourished from the 1930s to 1960s, based on the earlier New Orleans Dixieland jazz style. Prominent English trad jazz musicians such as Chris Barber, Freddy Randall, Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball, Ken Colyer and Monty Sunshine performed a populist repertoire that also included jazz versions of pop songs and nursery rhymes.

Monty Sunshine
Monty Sunshine (9 April 1928 – 30 November 2010) was an English jazz clarinettist, who is known for his clarinet solo on the track "Petite Fleur", a million seller for the Chris Barber Jazz Band in 1959. During his career, Sunshine worked with the Eager Beavers, the Crane River Jazz Band, Beryl Bryden, George Melly, Chris Barber, Johnny Parker, Diz Disley and Donegan's Dancing Sunshine Band.
Broadway Baby
Broadway Baby is a British online review guide and arts news website which launched in 2004. It is the most prolific reviewing publication at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe from 2012 onward. It contains reviews of music, comedy, theatre and dance at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Brighton Fringe, Camden Fringe and year-round in London and Central Scotland. Formerly, a printed version was also published.

Brighton Fringe
Brighton Fringe is an open-access arts festival held annually in Brighton, England. It is the largest annual arts festival in England and one of the largest fringe festivals in the world. The programme of 2018 included 1008 events at over 166 venues across 4 weeks, in May and June.
John Paxson
John MacBeth Paxson (born September 29, 1960) is an American basketball administrator and former player who was vice president of basketball operations for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 2009 to 2020. He was their general manager from 2003 to 2009. Paxson played eleven NBA seasons for the San Antonio Spurs and Chicago Bulls, winning three championships as a member of the Bulls. He was an All-American college player at the University of Notre Dame.

Antonio Davis
Antonio Lee Davis (born October 31, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the Indiana Pacers, Toronto Raptors, Chicago Bulls, and New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also played for Panathinaikos B.C. in Greece and Philips Milano in Italy. Davis is also the former president of the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA). On October 31, 2012, ESPN announced the hiring of Davis as a studio analyst for NBA broadcasts.  He is also currently a co-host/analyst on SiriusXM NBA Radio.
Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie
Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie is the eighth full-length album released by Canadian punk rock band Nomeansno.  It was initially released on Alternative Tentacles in 1998 as a 10-track CD and 12-track double LP.  The band's own label Wrong Records, along with distributors Southern Records, re-released the 12-track version of the album in 2007, 2010, and 2014 with modified track order and art.

Although Nomeansno's music was "always as indebted to avant-garde as to hardcore," Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie is one of their most varied and experimental records.  Critics generally received it well, although some were frustrated by the band's experimentation, and drummer John Wright later called the album "very obscure" and "not our greatest album."

Southern Records
Founded 1992 by John Loder, Southern Records is an independent record label (Loder also ran the recording facility Southern Studios). It is based in London and until 2008 had offices in the United States, France and Berlin.

The label is closely associated with Crass Records, Corpus Christi Records and Dischord Records.