hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Resource Connector
Advanced Resource Connector (ARC) is a grid computing middleware introduced by NorduGrid. It provides a common interface for submission of computational tasks to different distributed computing systems and thus can enable grid infrastructures of varying size and complexity. The set of services and utilities providing the interface is known as ARC Computing Element (ARC-CE). ARC-CE functionality includes data staging and caching, developed in order to support data-intensive distributed computing. ARC is an open source software distributed under the Apache License 2.0.

Middleware
Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system. It can be described as "software glue".

Middleware makes it easier for software developers to implement communication and input/output, so they can focus on the specific purpose of their application. It gained popularity in the 1980s as a solution to the problem of how to link newer applications to older legacy systems, although the term had been in use since 1968.
Bonifacio Drive
Bonifacio Drive is a road running approximately 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) in a north-south direction between Intramuros and the Port Area in Manila, Philippines. The boulevard is also designated as Radial Road 1 (R-1) of Manila's arterial road network, National Route 120 (N120) of the Philippine highway network, and an auxiliary route of Asian Highway 26 (AH26).

The boulevard is named after national hero Andrés Bonifacio, the Supremo of the Katipunan and thus the father of the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.

Another street in Manila is also named Bonifacio Drive. It is located at the Tutuban Center shopping complex in Tondo.

Port Area, Manila
Port Area, also known as the Manila Port District and South Port District, is a district of the city of Manila, Philippines. It is entirely a reclaimed land occupied by Manila's South Harbor and Baseco Compound (Engineer's Island). It is bounded on the north by the Pasig River, facing the districts of Tondo and San Nicolas, on the west by Manila Bay, on the east by Intramuros, separated by Radial Road 1, and on the south by Ermita. Post-war developments at the Manila South Harbor eventually paved the way for the migration of natives from the different provinces, making it one of the largest ghettos in the Philippines.
Ihor Rainin
Ihor Lvovych Rainin or Raynin (Ukrainian: Ігор Львович Райнін; born 6 August 1973) is a Ukrainian politician. From February 2015 until August 2016 he was governor of Kharkiv Oblast. On 29 Aug 2016, he was promoted to head of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine. Under a presidential decrees signed on 21 May 2019, he was dismissed by new President Volodymyr Zelensky.

Office of the President of Ukraine
The Office of the President of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Офіс Президента України, romanized: Ofis Prezydenta Ukrainy, pronounced [ˈɔfis prezɪˈdɛntɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]), formerly the Administration of the President of Ukraine, is a standing advisory body set up by the President of Ukraine pursuant to clause 28, Article 106 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The Office consists of its Head, Deputies of the Head, Chief of Staff, First Assistant to the President, Advisors, Authorized Advisors, Press Secretary, Representatives of the President, Cabinet of the President, Cabinet of the Head of the Office, Services, Directorates, and Departments.
2012–13 ProA
The 2012–13 ProA was the 6th season of the ProA, the second level of basketball in Germany. SC Rasta Vechta won the league and promoted to the Basketball Bundesliga by winning 2–0 in the Finals over Gloria Giants Düsseldorf.

2. Basketball Bundesliga
The 2. Basketball Bundesliga was the second level league of the German professional basketball league system. Until the 2007–08 season, the 2. Basketball Bundesliga was replaced by two geographical divisions (North and South). Since 2007 the 2. Basketball Bundesliga now consists of two leagues, ProA and ProB.  At the end of each season, the top two teams of the ProA are promoted to the Basketball Bundesliga, and the teams positioned 15th and 16th are relegated to the ProB.
Poerbatjaraka
Poerbatjaraka (EYD: Purbacaraka; 1 January 1884 – 25 July 1964) was a Javanese-Indonesian self-taught philologist and professor, specialising in Javanese literature. The eldest son of a Surakarta royal courtier in the Dutch East Indies, he showed interest in Javanese literature at an early age, reading from books in the court's collection. Despite attending only primary school, his knowledge of Dutch and Javanese literature allowed him to take a position at the colony's Archaeology Service, and then at Leiden University in the Netherlands. He was allowed to obtain a doctor's degree at Leiden. He then returned to the colony to work at a Batavia (today Jakarta) museum, cataloguing Javanese texts and writing scholarly works. After Indonesia's independence, he became a professor at the universities of Indonesia, Gajah Mada, and Udayana.

University of Indonesia
The University of Indonesia (UI; Indonesian: Universitas Indonesia) is a public university in Depok, West Java and Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia. It is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia (known as the Dutch East Indies when UI was established), and is generally considered one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia, along with the Gadjah Mada University and Bandung Institute of Technology. In the 2024 QS World Universities Ranking, UI is ranked 1st in Indonesia, 49th in Asia and 237th in the world.
Månglare
Månglare was a historical profession in Sweden. A female månglare was often called månglerska. A månglare was essentially a street vendor with permission from the city authorities to engage in trade without being a member of the Guild, which was otherwise a necessity for anyone wishing to engage in business in the city. The profession was dissolved along with the Guilds by the Decree of Extended Freedom of Trade (Sweden) of 1864.

Decree of Extended Freedom of Trade (Sweden)
Förordningen för utvidgad näringsfrihet ('Decree of Extended Freedom of Trade'), also known as 1864 års näringsförordning ('Trade Decree of 1864'), was a Swedish law reform introduced 18 Jun 1864. It was law until 1968.

The reform continued the reform of Swedish commercial life, initiated by the Fabriks och Handtwerksordning and Handelsordningen of 1846, by introducing complete freedom of economy. It abolished all requirements and privileges of the guilds and removed all restrictions of trade and handicrafts professions in the cities as well as the country side and granted the right to start a business to all citizens of legal majority, or those with permission from their guardian, regardless of gender.
St. Patrick's High School, Karachi
St Patrick's High School is a Catholic primary and secondary school located in Saddar Town, Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan. Founded by the Jesuits in 1861, the school is the second-oldest school in Karachi. Since 1950, it has been run by the diocesan clergy of the Archdiocese of Karachi.

For the last 150 years, the school has produced well-known leaders and public figures, including two Presidents and two Prime Ministers of Pakistan, two Chief Ministers of Sindh, one Deputy Prime Minister (of India), two Cardinals of the Catholic Church, one Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (of Pakistan), and several Mayors of Karachi.

The school is run in collaboration with University of Karachi, Roman Catholic Church and managed by the Catholic Board of Education in Pakistan.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Karachi
The  Archdiocese of Karachi is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Pakistan. It was erected on 20 May 1948 under as a then-suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Bombay.
Alvin Cruz
Alvin Cruz (born April 24, 1982) is a professional basketball player who played for the Niagara University men's university basketball team from 2001 to 2005. He is currently playing in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional for the Grises de Humacao. Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Cruz played with the Puerto Rico U21 National Team-01 and Puerto Rico National Team-05 as well as in several different professional teams overseas.

Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball
For information on all Niagara University sports, see Niagara Purple Eagles

The Niagara Purple Eagles men's basketball team is the college basketball team that represents Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. The team formerly played at the now-defunct Niagara Falls Convention and Civic Center from 1973 to 1982 and from 1988 to 1996.
Kleiman's theorem
In algebraic geometry, Kleiman's theorem, introduced by Kleiman (1974), concerns dimension and smoothness of scheme-theoretic intersection after some perturbation of factors in the intersection.

Precisely, it states: given a connected algebraic group G acting transitively on an algebraic variety X over an algebraically closed field k and  morphisms of varieties, G contains a nonempty open subset such that for each g in the set,

either  is empty or has pure dimension , where  is ,

(Kleiman–Bertini theorem) If  are smooth varieties and if the characteristic of the base field k is zero, then  is smooth.

Statement 1 establishes a version of Chow's moving lemma: after some perturbation of cycles on X, their intersection has expected dimension.

Group-scheme action
In algebraic geometry, an action of a group scheme is a generalization of a group action to a group scheme. Precisely, given a group S-scheme G, a left action of G on an S-scheme X is an S-morphism

such that

(associativity) , where  is the group law,

(unitality) , where  is the identity section of G.

A right action of G on X is defined analogously. A scheme equipped with a left or right action of a group scheme G is called a G-scheme. An equivariant morphism between G-schemes is a morphism of schemes that intertwines the respective G-actions.

More generally, one can also consider (at least some special case of) an action of a group functor: viewing G as a functor, an action is given as a natural transformation satisfying the conditions analogous to the above. Alternatively, some authors study group action in the language of a groupoid; a group-scheme action is then an example of a groupoid scheme.
BMW F750GS
The BMW F750GS is a middleweight dual-sport motorcycle produced by BMW Motorrad. It was launched in 2018 as part of a new generation of parallel-twin GS models, replacing the earlier BMW F700GS. Despite its name, it uses the same 853 cc engine as the larger BMW F850GS, tuned for lower power output and smoother on-road performance.

BMW Motorrad
BMW Motorrad is the motorcycle brand and division of German automotive manufacturer, BMW. It has produced motorcycles since 1923, and achieved record sales for the fifth year in succession in 2015. With a total of 136,963 vehicles sold in 2015, BMW registered a growth of 10.9%  in sales in comparison with 2014.
In May 2011, the 2,000,000th motorcycle produced by BMW Motorrad was an R1200GS.
David A. Weisiger
David Addison Weisiger (December 23, 1818 – February 23, 1899) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). Weisiger served as a second lieutenant in the 1st Virginia Volunteers, an infantry regiment, during the Mexican–American War. After the war, he became a leading businessman in Petersburg, Virginia. Between 1853 and 1860, he served in the 39th Virginia Militia Regiment, rising from captain to colonel. After the Civil War, he was a bank cashier at Petersburg, Virginia and a businessman at Richmond, Virginia.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
C. J. Hogarth
Charles James Hogarth (1869–1945) was a British soldier and prolific translator from Russian, who wrote as C. J. Hogarth. He translated work by writers including Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Gogol, Turgenev, Maxim Gorky, Ivan Goncharov, Ivan Shmelyov, Ivan Nazhivin, V. O. Klyuchevsky, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Alexandra Kollontai.

Vasily Klyuchevsky
Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (Russian: Василий Осипович Ключевский; 28 January [O.S. 16 January] 1841 – 25 May [O.S. 12 May] 1911) was a leading Russian Imperial historian of the late imperial period. He also addressed the contemporary Russian economy in his writings.
Greg Henderson
Gregory Henderson (born 10 September 1976) is a New Zealand former professional track and road racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2002 and 2017. His career includes winning the 15-kilometre (9.3-mile) scratch race at the 2004 world championships and, in road cycling, winning the points competition at the Tour de Georgia in 2005 and 2008.

Henderson rode in five Olympic Games and completed 11 Grand Tours. He also competed in four Commonwealth Games and was a four-time medallist, including winning gold in the points race in 2002. During an important part of his career, he served as André Greipel's main lead-out man, and they were colleagues at both T-Mobile Team and later Lotto–Soudal.

In addition to 17 New Zealand track and road titles and eight World Cup track golds, Henderson has been New Zealand Track Cyclist of the Year (2001, 2002, 2003) and Athlete of the Year, Otago, New Zealand (2001, 2002, 2003).

Lotto–Intermarché
Lotto–Intermarché (UCI team code: LOI) is a Belgian professional cycling team at UCI WorldTour level sponsored by the Belgian lottery and Intermarché. The same organisations also sponsor a women's cycling team, Lotto–Intermarché Ladies.
Cue sheet (computing)
A cue sheet, or cue file, is a metadata file which describes how the tracks of a CD or DVD are laid out. Cue sheets are stored as plain text files and commonly have a .cue filename extension. CDRWIN first introduced cue sheets, which are now supported by many optical disc authoring applications and media players.

Media player software
Media player software is a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD players, such as play (), pause (), fastforward (⏩️), rewind (⏪), and stop () buttons. In addition, they generally have progress bars (or "playback bars"), which are sliders to locate the current position in the duration of the media file.

Mainstream operating systems have at least one default media player. For example, Windows comes with Windows Media Player and it’s 2022 successor, while macOS comes with QuickTime Player and Apple Music. Linux distributions come with different media players, such as SMPlayer, Amarok, Audacious, Banshee, MPlayer, mpv, Rhythmbox, Totem, VLC media player, and xine. Android comes with YouTube Music for audio and Google Photos for video, and smartphone vendors such as Samsung may bundle custom software.
Masayuki Onodera
Masayuki Onodera (小野寺 雅之, Onodera Masayuki; born 16 September 1998) is a Japanese badminton player who specializes in men's doubles. He is affiliated with the BIPROGY team. His junior career was highlighted by three mixed team bronze medals: one at the 2016 World Junior Championships and two at the Asian Junior Championships in 2015 and 2016. With partner Hiroki Okamura, he achieved a career-high world ranking of No. 33. Their best BWF World Tour result was a runner-up finish at the 2019 Canada Open Super 100. Onodera has won two international titles on the BWF International Challenge/Series circuit: the 2018 Sydney International with Okamura and the 2023 Malaysia International with Takuto Inoue.

2016 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2016 Badminton Asia Junior Championships is the 19th edition of the Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament was held in Bangkok, Thailand, between 9 and 17 July 2016. The championships consists of mixed team and individual events. There were 19 countries with over 250 players participating in this edition.
Susan Fiske
Susan Tufts Fiske (born August 19, 1952) is an American psychologist who served as the Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs in the Department of Psychology at Princeton University. She is a social psychologist known for her work on social cognition, stereotypes, and prejudice. Fiske leads the Intergroup Relations, Social Cognition, and Social Neuroscience Lab at Princeton University. Her theoretical contributions include the development of the stereotype content model, ambivalent sexism theory, power as control theory, and the continuum model of impression formation.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Matilde Villa
Matilde Villa (born 9 December 2004) is an Italian basketball player for Umana Reyer Venezia of the Lega Basket Femminile. She was drafted by the Atlanta Dream of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) with the 32nd pick in the 2024 WNBA draft.

Lega Basket Femminile
Lega Basket Femminile (LBF) is the premier national league for women's basketball clubs in Italy, founded in 1930. Pool Comense is the competition's most successful club with fifteen championships, followed by AS Vicenza with twelve and Geas Basket with seven, while PF Schio and Cras Taranto have been the leading teams in recent years.

Currently both the champion and runner-up are granted spots in EuroLeague Women. The Serie A champions were the major force in the 1980s, with Geas Basket, Fiat Torino, AS Vicenza, Libertas Trogylos, Polisportiva Ahena and Pool Comense winning eleven editions between 1978 and 1995.
Ancylus fluviatilis
The river limpet (Ancylus fluviatilis) is a species of very small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the tribe Ancylini within the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.

Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). Existing within the class Gastropoda, limpets are a polyphyletic group (its members descending from different immediate ancestors).

All species of Patellogastropoda are limpets, with the Patellidae family in particular often referred to as "true limpets". Examples of other clades commonly referred to as limpets include the Vetigastropoda family Fissurellidae ("keyhole limpet"), which use a siphon to pump water over their gills, and the Siphonariidae ("false limpets"), which have a pneumostome for breathing air like the majority of terrestrial Gastropoda.
Felix Dias Bandaranaike
Felix R. Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhala:ෆීලික්ස් ඩයස් බණඩාරනායක) (5 November 1930 – 26 June 1985) was a Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, who served as Cabinet Minister of Finance, Parliamentary Secretary for the Prime Minister and Defence and External Affairs (de facto foreign minister) (1960–1965) and Cabinet Minister of Justice (1970–77) in the cabinet of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. He was a very popular person about the anti-corruption campaign and also known as the "virtual leader of the state" during the SLFP governments after the death of Prime minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike. He was very active in defeating two major coups against the government, one is 1962 attempted military coup and JVP's 1971 JVP Insurrection.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Naem Nizam
Naem Nizam (born 5 November 1965) is a Bangladeshi journalist, writer, columnist, and editor of daily Bangladesh Pratidin. Nizam is also the director of East West Media Group, the largest media conglomerate in  Bangladesh. He is former CEO of News24 and Radio Capital. He is the former managing director of STV-US.

Nizam philanthropic endeavors have led to the establishment of Heshakal Bazar Naem Nizam Degree College in his hometown of Comilla, Bangladesh. He is the vice president of Sheikh Russell KC, a professional football club based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, currently playing in the Bangladesh Premier League. He is a member of Newspaper Owners' Association of Bangladesh.

Nizam's career has spanned many decades where he has been involved with starting up multiple national media organizations in Bangladesh, including ATN Bangla, Bangladesh Pratidin, News24, T-Sports, the Daily Sun, and STV US."

Sheikh Russel KC
Sheikh Russel Krira Chakra (Bengali: শেখ রাসেল ক্রীড়া চক্র) is a professional football club based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Founded in 1995, the club currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League. They won Federation Cup in 2012, which is club's first major title. The club also won their maiden Bangladesh Premier League title in the season 2012–13. Sayem Sobhan Anvir, managing director of Bashundhara Group, is the chairman of Sheikh Russel KC. The club was based at the Sylhet District Stadium until 2021 when they moved to their present home venue, the Bashundhara Kings Arena.
Luther Dickinson
Luther Andrews Dickinson (born January 18, 1973) is the lead guitarist and vocalist for the North Mississippi Allstars and the son of record producer Jim Dickinson. He is also known for being a guitarist for the Black Crowes. He hosts Guitar Xpress on the Video on Demand network Mag Rack.

Jim Dickinson
James Luther Dickinson (November 15, 1941 – August 15, 2009) was an American record producer, pianist, and singer who fronted, among others, the band Mud Boy and the Neutrons, based in Memphis, Tennessee.