hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discount policy
Discount policy is a policy tool used by central banks to control the money in circulation by raising or lowering interest rates.

If the Central Bank raises bank rates, the aim is to reduce money supply in the economy. With the high rates, people are expected to not take out loans and save their money in bank. Therefore, the amount of money in circulation will be reduced. If the discount policy of the central bank is used to raise bank rates it is trying to reduce inflation.

Meanwhile, if the central bank lowers bank rates, it aims to increase the amount of money supply. With the low rates, people are not expected to save their money in bank. Thus, the amount of money circulating in the society will increase. The decline in bank rates made by the Central Bank if the economy goes into a recession or if the economy is run into deflation.

Bank rate
Bank rate, also known as discount rate in American English, and (familiarly) the base rate in European English, is the rate of interest which a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank. The bank rate is known by a number of different terms depending on the country, and has changed over time in some countries as the mechanisms used to manage the rate have changed.

Whenever a bank has a shortage of funds, they can typically borrow from the central bank based on the monetary policy of the country. The borrowing is commonly done via repos: the repo rate is the rate at which the central bank lends short-term money to the banks against securities. It is more applicable when there is a liquidity crunch in the market. In contrast, the reverse repo rate is the rate at which banks can park surplus funds with the reserve bank, which is mostly done when there is surplus liquidity.
Gregoire Boonzaier
Gregoire Johannes Boonzaier OMSS (31 July 1909 – 22 April 2005) was a South African artist well known for his landscapes, portraits and still life paintings. He was a famous exponent of Cape Impressionism, a founder of the New Group, and a contributor, through his art works, to the struggle against apartheid.

Order for Meritorious Service
The Order for Meritorious Service is a South African National Order that consisted of two classes, in gold and silver, and was awarded to deserving South African citizens. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002.
Cumberland (1826 ship)
Cumberland was launched at Holyhead in 1826 as a steam packet. In 1839 she underwent conversion to a sail barque. In 1846 Cumberland transported Parkhurst apprentices to the Swan River Colony. She foundered on 23 October 1849 while carrying rice from Bally, Netherlands East Indies, to Hong Kong.

Parkhurst apprentices
The Parkhurst apprentices, juveniles from a reformatory attached to Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight, were sentenced to "transportation beyond the seas" and transported to Australia and New Zealand between 1842 and 1852. Either before leaving England or on arrival at their destination, they were pardoned on the conditions that they be "apprenticed" to local employers, and that they not return to England during the term of their sentence. In the ten years between 1842 and 1852 nearly 1500 boys aged from twelve to eighteen were transported to Australia and New Zealand from Parkhurst Prison.
Ampang Jaya
Ampang Jaya, more commonly known as just Ampang, is a town, a mukim and a parliamentary constituency straddling parts of the Hulu Langat District and Gombak District, in eastern Selangor, Malaysia. It is located just outside the eastern border of Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory.

It is administered by the Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (MPAJ), which is the formal name of the township as well.

Ampang (federal constituency)
Ampang is a federal constituency in Gombak District and Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 2004.

The federal constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
First Shadow Cabinet of Antonis Samaras
The First Shadow Cabinet of Antonis Samaras was formed in 2009. A reshuffle was made in 2011. Following the June 2012 Greek legislative election, the Cabinet of Antonis Samaras was formed. The Shadow Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras became the next Shadow Cabinet.

First Shadow Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras
The First Shadow Cabinet of Alexis Tsipras was formed on 3 July 2012, following the June 2012 Greek legislative election. It consisted of only Syriza MPs, as they were the largest party to refuse to participate in the ND-PASOK-DIMAR coalition. The Shadow Cabinet was dissolved following the January 2015 Greek legislative election, and was replaced by a New Democracy shadow cabinet led by Antonis Samaras. Tsipras subsequently formed his First Cabinet on 27 January 2015, consisting of a coalition of both Syriza and the Independent Greeks.
Derek Chisora vs. Tyson Fury II
Derek Chisora vs. Tyson Fury II, billed as The Fight for the Right and Bad Blood, was a professional boxing match contested between European and WBO International heavyweight champion, Derek Chisora, and Tyson Fury, with the vacant British heavyweight title also on the line. The fight was a WBO "eliminator", with the winner becoming the mandatory challenger for the WBO heavyweight title, held at the time by Wladimir Klitschko. The bout took place on 29 November 2014 at the ExCel, with Fury winning by corner retirement in the tenth round.

Excel London
Excel London (formerly styled as ExCeL, an abbreviation for Exhibition Centre London) is an international exhibition and convention centre in the Custom House area of Newham, East London. The facility is situated on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) site on the northern quay of the Royal Victoria Dock in London Docklands, located between Canary Wharf and London City Airport.
Chaudhry Muhammed Farooq
Chaudhry Muhammed Farooq (Urdu: چودھری محمد فاروق; November 1959 – 29 December 2002) was a member of the Pakistani Punjab Assembly from 1988 to 1997, and again in 2002.  He was Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs during 1993–1997, and the provincial president of PML.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Brograve baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Brograve, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of Great Britain. Both creations are extinct.

The Brograve Baronetcy, of Hamells in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 18 March 1663 for Thomas Brograve. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1707.

The Brograve Baronetcy, of Worstead House in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 28 July 1791 for Berney Brograve. The title became extinct upon the death of the second Baronet in 1828. George Augustus Rye, nephew of Sir George, the second Baronet (son of his half-sister Ann Brograve), changed his last name to Brograve by Royal Licence three years after Sir George's death, in the hope of having the baronetcy revived in his person, but his application was denied in 1831.

Berney Brograve
Sir Berney Brograve, 1st Baronet (10 October 1726 - 23 February 1797) was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Brograve (1691–1753) of Great Baddow, Essex, and his wife Juliana Berney. He was a descendant of Sir John Brograve (d. 1613), Attorney-General to the Duchy of Lancaster. Juliana Berney was descended from Sir Richard Berney, 1st Baronet of Parkhall.
Emperor-system fascism
Emperor-system fascism (天皇制ファシズム, Tennōsei fashizumu) or Japanese fascism (日本型ファシズム, Nihongata fashizumu; lit. "Japanese-style fascism") is the view that ultranationalistic politics, society, and ideas based on the Empire of Japan's "Emperor system" were a kind of fascism until the end of World War II in Asia.

Japanese militarism
Japanese militarism (日本軍国主義, Nihon gunkoku shugi) was the ideology in the Empire of Japan which advocated the belief that militarism should dominate the political and social life of the nation, and the belief that the strength of the military is equal to the strength of a nation. It was most prominent from the start of conscription after the Meiji Restoration until the Japanese defeat in World War II, roughly 1873 to 1945. Since then, pacifism has been enshrined in the postwar Constitution of Japan as one of its key tenets.
2016–17 SuperLega
2016–17 SuperLega is the 72nd season of the Italian Championship (highest level of Italian Volleyball League) organized under the supervision of Federazione Italiana Pallavolo. This season is composed of 14 teams, two more than the last season. Biosì Indexa Sora and Tonno Callipo Calabria Vibo Valentia are the new additions to the league.

The Super Cup preceded the regular season on 24-25 September. Azimut Modena won the Super Cup for the second consecutive year.

Italian Volleyball Federation
The Italian Volleyball Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Pallavolo, FIPAV) is the governing body for volleyball in Italy since 1946.

The FIPAV  has reported a significant increase in its membership numbers, with over 300,000 registered members as of 2022. This is a notable increase from the pre-COVID numbers in 2019, indicating a growing interest in volleyball in Italy. FIPAV attributes this "boom" to several factors, including the success of the Italian national teams, increased investment in the sport, and a renewed focus on grassroots development. The organization has also emphasized the importance of continued investment in the sport to sustain this growth and maintain its popularity among Italians of all ages and backgrounds.
Customs United F.C.
Customs United Football Club (Thai: สโมสรฟุตบอล คัสตอม ยูไนเต็ด) for sponsorship purposes, is a Thai football club under the stewardship of Customs Department based in Samut Prakan province. They currently play in the Thai League 3.

Thai League 3
Thai League 3 (Thai: ไทยลีก 3), commonly known as the T3, is the third level of Thai football. It was started in 2017 First season. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Dolphin League III. In 2017, the League is divided in 2 regions and participated by 32 clubs 1st-4th clubs from 8 regions which are former members Regional League Division 2 and debutants in the season.
Rickey Woodard
Rickey Woodard (born August 5, 1950) is an American jazz saxophonist.

Born in Nashville, Tennessee, from 1980 onwards Woodard spent seven years with the Ray Charles band.

A member of the Clayton-Hamilton Jazz Orchestra, Woodard has also recorded with Frank Capp and as a member of Jeannie and Jimmy Cheatham's Sweet Baby Blues Band.

In 1993, he embarked on a series of yearly visits to the Peterborough Jazz Club in England, billed with veteran British jazz musicians such as Dick Morrissey, John Burch, and Tony Archer.

Jimmy Cheatham
James Rudolph Cheatham (June 18, 1924 – January 12, 2007) was an American jazz trombonist and teacher, who played with Chico Hamilton, Ornette Coleman, Thad Jones, Mel Lewis, Lionel Hampton, Frank Foster, and Duke Ellington.

In 1978, Cheatham was invited to lead the jazz program at University of California, San Diego. In 1979 he began to direct the school's African American and jazz performance programs. He retired in 2005.
Robert W. Criswell
Robert Wesley Criswell (1850 – August 3, 1905) was an American humorist, journalist, and newspaper editor. He was known for his popular essays and books under the pen name Grandfather Lickshingle. After working at newspapers in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania, he joined the New York World, and later became editor of the New Yorker newspaper. In 1905 he was arrested for criminal libel after publishing an article allegedly impugning Alice Roosevelt, daughter of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt.  While awaiting trial for libel, and also under suspicion of defrauding subscribers, he was struck by a New York City subway train in an apparent suicide.

Alice Roosevelt Longworth
Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980) was an American writer and socialite. She was the eldest child of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt and his only child with his first wife, Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt. Longworth led an unconventional and controversial life. Her marriage to Representative Nicholas Longworth III, a Republican Party leader and the 38th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, was shaky, and her only child, Paulina, was from her affair with Senator William Borah.

Alice met 16 U.S. Presidents during her life: Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, her father Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, her cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford. She is widely thought to be the person who met the most serving U.S. Presidents in history.
Egypt men's national basketball team
The Egypt national basketball team represents Egypt in international basketball competitions. The team is directed by the Egyptian Basketball Federation.

Winning the title of the  EuroBasket 1949 has been the team's most celebrated achievement. They are the only non-European nation to win the competition. In addition its 5th-place finish at the 1950 FIBA World Championship as well as its 9th-place finish at the 1952 Summer Olympics, remain the best results ever of an African nation at each tournament. The title of the EuroBasket 1949, is the most prestigious basketball title of an African nation as well. At the FIBA Africa Championship, Egypt holds a record number of 17 medals (alongside Angola). Egypt joined the International Federation of Basketball (FIBA) in 1934 and has Africa's longest basketball tradition.

Angola men's national basketball team
The Angolan men's national basketball team is controlled by the Federação Angolana de Basquetebol. Angola has been a member of FIBA since 1979. Ranking 23rd in the FIBA World Rankings, Angola is the top team of FIBA Africa, and a regular competitor at the Summer Olympic Games and the FIBA World Cup.
Doug Hutchison
Doug Anthony Hutchison (born May 26, 1960) is an American actor  known for his character roles in film and television, often playing disturbed and antagonistic characters. He was nominated for a Satellite Award for his portrayal of the sadistic corrections officer Percy Wetmore in the 1999 film adaptation of the Stephen King novel The Green Mile.

His other notable film roles include Obie Jameson in The Chocolate War (1988), Sproles in Fresh Horses (also 1988), Pete Willard in A Time to Kill (1996), and "Looney Bin Jim" in the Marvel Comics film adaptation Punisher: War Zone (2008). On television, Hutchison played a memorable guest role as Eugene Victor Tooms on The X-Files (1993, 1994) and a recurring role as Horace Goodspeed on Lost (2007–09).

In 2011, at the age of 51, he received widespread criticism when he married 16-year-old model Courtney Stodden. In 2021, after the couple had divorced, Stodden accused Hutchison of having groomed them. Hutchison denied the allegations.

Sexual grooming
Sexual grooming is the action or behavior used to establish an emotional connection with a vulnerable person under the age of consent – and sometimes the victim's family, to lower their inhibitions with the objective of sexual abuse. It can occur in various settings, including online, in person, and through other means of communication. Children who are groomed may experience mental health issues, including "anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicidal thoughts".
Backus-Page House Museum
The Backus-Page House Museum is a living history museum located in the heart of the Talbot Settlement in Wallacetown, Ontario, Canada. The Georgian style house has been restored as closely as possible to its state in 1850. The museum is maintained and run by the Tyrconnell Heritage Society, a local independent organization that is dedicated to restoration and preservation of Backus-Page House and surrounding estate.

Dutton/Dunwich
Dutton/Dunwich is a municipality located in western Elgin County in Southwestern Ontario, Canada.

The municipality was formed in 1998 through an amalgamation of the Village of Dutton and former Township of Dunwich.  It includes the Hamlets of Wallacetown, Duttona Beach, and the western parts of both Iona and Iona Station. It is bisected both by Highway 401 and by the rail lines of the Penn Central Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway.

Dutton/Dunwich has a large farming community involving a variety of agricultural methods. The region is primarily made up of inhabitants of English ancestry, with minorities of Scottish, Portuguese, and Dutch heritage.
Erik Bo Andersen
Erik Bo Andersen (born 14 November 1970) is a Danish former professional footballer who played six matches for the Denmark national team and represented Denmark at UEFA Euro 1996. He played in the striker position and won the 1995 Danish Superliga championship with Aalborg Boldspilklub, the Scottish Premier Division twice with Rangers F.C., and the Norwegian Cup with Odd Grenland. Andersen also played for German club MSV Duisburg, as well as Odense BK and Vejle Boldklub in Denmark.

In November 2005, Andersen was elected to represent the Danish Liberal Party in the Randers Municipality council.

Scottish Football League Premier Division
The Scottish Football League Premier Division was, from 1975 until 1998, the top division of the Scottish Football League and the entire Scottish football league system. It lay above the Scottish Football League First, Second and (from 1994) Third divisions.
CFCA (AM)
CFCA was the first regularly broadcasting licensed radio station in Toronto and was one of the first in Canada. Owned by the Toronto Daily Star, it is notable for hosting the first live play-by-play ice hockey broadcast on February 8, 1923. The station went on the air in June 1922 and closed permanently in 1933.

CBLA-FM
CBLA-FM (99.1 MHz) is a non-commercial radio station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the station is the flagship station of the CBC Radio One network, broadcasting a mix of news and talk. In addition to the Toronto market, CBLA also reaches much of Central Ontario with a network of twelve rebroadcasters. The studios are in the Canadian Broadcasting Centre.

CBLA-FM has an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 55,100 watts, peaking at 98,000 watts.  The transmitter is atop First Canadian Place, at King and Bay Streets.  It uses a directional antenna to avoid interference with stations in the U.S.  Besides a standard analog transmission, CBLA streams its programming online.
Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di
Sheikh Abdul Rahman bin Nasser Al-Saadi (Arabic: الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن ناصر السعدي), also known as al-Siʿdī (1889–1957), was an Islamic Scholar from Saudi Arabia. He was a teacher and an author in Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. He authored more than 40 books in several different fields including tafsir, fiqh, and 'aqidah. al-Sa'di was an influential figure in the field of tafsir and his book of tafsir entitled Taysir al-Kareem al-Rahman has been described as arguably one of the most popular tafsirs written by modern Salafi scholars. He served as the Imam and Khatib for the largest jami' mosque and director of the religious training school, al-Ma'had al-'Ilmi, of Unayzah.

Khatib
In Islam, a khatib or khateeb (Arabic: خطيب khaṭīb) is a person who delivers the sermon (khuṭbah) (literally "narration"), during the Friday prayer and Eid prayers.

The khateeb is usually the prayer leader (imam), but the two roles can be played by different people. The khatib should be knowledgeable of how to lead the prayer and be competent in delivering the speech (khutba) however there are no requirements of eligibility to become a khatib beyond being an Adult Muslim. Muslims believe the khatib has to be male, women do not lead Friday prayer.

Khutubah are delivered by men. Edina Leković gave the inaugural speech at the Women's Mosque in California, United States, in 2015.
Battle of the Field
Battle of the Field is a folk rock album by the Albion Country Band, recorded in summer 1973.

The performers involved were the last ("Mark 3") incarnation of the band, comprising founding members Ashley Hutchings and Simon Nicol on bass guitar and guitar, respectively, supplemented by Martin Carthy, John Kirkpatrick and Sue Harris on concertina / accordion, and oboe / hammered dulcimer, respectively, and Roger Swallow  on drums. The band split up later the same year and the album remained unreleased until 1976, although two tracks received some earlier exposure via their inclusion on the influential 1975 compilation The Electric Muse.

Ashley Hutchings
Ashley Stephen Hutchings (born 26 January 1945), MBE, also known as "Tyger" Hutchings, is an English bassist, songwriter, arranger, band leader, writer and record producer. He was a founding member of three noteworthy English folk-rock bands: Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span and The Albion Band. Hutchings has overseen numerous other projects, including records and live theatre, and has collaborated on film and television projects.
Frank Wolf (academic)
Frank Wolf is an American political scientist, academic, and higher education administrator. He is Dean Emeritus of Columbia University's School of Professional Studies (formerly the School of Continuing Education) and previously served as associate dean and acting dean of the Columbia University School of General Studies. Earlier in his career he was a member of the political science faculty at Drew University and directed several study abroad and experiential learning programs. He has also served as a trustee of Saltaire, New York, and as a board member of the nonprofit organization Urban Pathways.

Columbia University School of Professional Studies
The Columbia University School of Professional Studies (SPS) is one of the seventeen schools comprising Columbia University. It offers eighteen master's degrees programs, certificate programs, pre-college programs, graduate school preparation, summer courses, postbaccalaureate studies,  auditing programs, executive education, and English as a second language programs.
Irina Khavronina
Irina Dmitrievna Khavronina (Russian: Ирина Дмитриевна Хавронина; born 31 July 2004) is a Russian ice dancer. With her former skating partner, Dario Cirisano, she is the 2020 Winter Youth Olympic champion and the 2022 Russian junior champion. With her skating partner Devid Naryzhnyy she is a two-time Russian Nationals bronze medalist.

Figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Centre intercommunal de glace de Malley in Lausanne, Switzerland from 10 to 15 January 2020.

Unique to the Youth Olympic Games was a mixed NOC team trophy competition.
Odate City Naganeyama Sports Park
Odate City Naganeyama Sports Park Athletic Stadium (大館市営長根山運動公園陸上競技場) is a multi-purpose stadium  in Odate, Akita, Japan. The stadium was originally opened in 1983 and has a capacity of 6,000 spectators. The Sports Park has a baseball stadium and tennis courts.

Ōdate
Ōdate (大館市, Ōdate-shi; Japanese: [oːdate]) is a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 67,865 in 31,433 households, and a population density of 75 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 913.22 square kilometres (352.60 sq mi).