hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Insurgency in Chechnya (1722)
The 1722 Insurgency in Chechnya occurred because of the refusal of the Chechens and the Endirey Khanate to swear allegiance to the Russian Empire, due to the oppression of the highlanders by the Tsarist regime, followed by several raids on the Terek fortress by the former, which led to a Russian campaign against the North Caucasians in July and August 1722.

Chechens
The Chechens (/ˈtʃɛtʃɛnz, tʃəˈtʃɛnz/ CHETCH-enz, chə-CHENZ; Chechen: Нохчий, Noxçiy, Old Chechen: Нахчой, Naxçoy), historically also known as Kisti and Durdzuks, are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples native to the North Caucasus. They are the largest ethnic group in the region and refer to themselves as Nokhchiy (pronounced [no̞xtʃʼiː]; singular Nokhchi, Nokhcho, Nakhchuo or Nakhche). The vast majority of Chechens are Muslims and live in Chechnya, an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation.

The North Caucasus has been invaded numerous times throughout history. Its isolated terrain and the strategic value outsiders have placed on the areas settled by Chechens has contributed much to the Chechen community ethos and helped shape its national character.

Chechen society is largely egalitarian and organized around tribal autonomous local clans, called teips, informally organized into loose confederations called tukkhums.
Sebastian Augustinussen
Sebastian Augustinussen (born 6 May 1996) is a Danish handball player who plays for SønderjyskE in the Danish Men's Handball League. He has played several matches for the Danish national junior and youth teams.

In March 2022, he signed a 3-year contract with the Danish club SønderjyskE Håndbold.

He also participated at the 2013 Men's Youth World Handball Championship in Hungary, winning the title.

Herreligaen
The Herreligaen (men's league), formerly known as Herrehåndboldligaen (men's handball league), is the men's top Danish professional handball league. The winners of the Herreligaen are recognised as the Danish men's handball champions. The current champions are Aalborg Håndbold.
Musashi Kokubun-ji
The Musashi Kokubun-ji (武蔵国分寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan. It belongs to the Shingon-shū Buzan-ha sect and its main image is a hibutsu statue of Yakushi Nyōrai, displayed in public only on October 10 each year.  The temple claims to be the successor to the original Nara period provincial temple ("kokubunji") of former Musashi Province which fell into ruins sometime in the Kamakura period. The Nara-period temple ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 1921, with the area under protection extended in 1976, 1979 and 2010 as archaeological excavations revealed more of its ruins.

Provincial temple
The Kokubun-ji (国分寺; Japanese pronunciation: [ko.kɯ.bɯɲ.dʑi(ꜜ)]) are Buddhist temples established in each of the provinces of Japan by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794). The official name for each temple was Konkomyo Shitenno Gokoku-ji (Konkōmyō Shitennō Gokoku-ji )
Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum
Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum (1878 – 9 September 1958) (Arabic: سعيد بن مكتوم آل مكتوم) was the longest-serving Ruler of Dubai, from 1912 until his death in 1958. He presided over Dubai during the end of the pearling boom and through the long and difficult recession that followed the collapse of the pearling market, transforming Dubai into an active trading hub which developed new markets and economic opportunities.

Despite continuing a long tradition of liberal, trade-minded rulers, he faced pressure from a number of leading figures in Dubai to reform the governance of the town and was eventually forced to quell what became an active rebellion against his rule.

In later life he ceded many of the responsibilities for driving Dubai's economic growth to his son, Rashid.

Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum
Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum (Arabic: رَاشِد بن سَعِيْد آل مَكتُوم, romanized: Rāšid bin Saʿīd Āl Maktūm; 11 June 1912 – 7 October 1990) was an Emirati royal, politician and one of the Founding Fathers of the United Arab Emirates.

Rashid bin Saeed was the first vice president and second prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and was the ruler of Dubai from 1958–1990. His son, Maktoum, was the UAE's first prime minister. He was vice president of the UAE from the nation's independence and foundation in 1972 until his death.

Sheikh Rashid was the first Emirati vice president to serve concurrently as prime minister, when he became prime minister on 30 April 1979. After his death the office of prime minister was de facto tied to the office of vice president.

He was responsible for the transformation of Dubai from a small settlement around Dubai Creek to a modern port city, regional commercial hub and entrepôt.
Roman Shirokov
Roman Nikolayevich Shirokov (Russian: Роман Николаевич Широ́ков [rɐˈman nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ ʂɨˈrokəf]; born 6 July 1981) is a Russian international football official and a former player. He is the general director of Leon Saturn Ramenskoye.

As a player, he played as a midfielder.

FC Saturn Ramenskoye
FC Saturn Ramenskoye (Russian: ФК Сатурн Ра́менское) is a Russian professional football club, based in the town of Ramenskoye in Moscow Oblast. It is also sometimes referred to as FC Saturn Moscow Region (Russian: ФК Сатурн Московской области, romanized: FK Saturn Moskovskaya Oblast).
Alec Hosie
Alexander Lindsay "Alec" Hosie (6 August 1890 – 11 June 1957) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket in both England and British India. In England, he was mostly associated with Hampshire, for whom he made 80 first-class appearances. In British India, he played for the Europeans cricket team in the Bombay Tournament, in addition to being Bengal's first captain in the Ranji Trophy. Hosie was the chairman of selectors for India's first home Test series against England in December 1933–March 1934. He later served as the president of the Calcutta Cricket and Football Club from 1945 to 1948.

Bombay Tournament (cricket)
The Bombay Tournament was an annual cricket competition held in British India between 1892 and 1946. Until 1936, matches were played on either the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay or the Deccan Gymkhana Ground in Poona, and then at the Brabourne Stadium in Bombay until the tournament was terminated in 1946. The tournament was known variously as the Bombay Presidency Match, Bombay Triangular, Bombay Quadrangular, and Bombay Pentangular, depending on the number of competing teams.
Paweł Zagumny
Paweł Zagumny [ˈpavɛw zaˈɡumnɨ] ⓘ (born 18 October 1977) is a Polish former professional volleyball player. Zagumny was a member of the Poland national team from 1996 to 2014 and a participant in 4 Olympic Games (Atlanta 1996, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, London 2012). During his career, he won the 2014 World Champion title, 2012 World League, and the 2009 European Champion title.

2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2014 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was held in Poland from 30 August to 21 September 2014. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to the host nation Poland, 23 teams qualified for the tournament through continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in seven venues across seven Polish cities, with the final being played at Spodek, Katowice.

The tournament was won by the hosts Poland, who beat Brazil (who had won the previous three titles) in the final. Poland became the third team in the history of the competition to be crowned as champions in their own country, joining the Soviet Union (1952 and 1962) and Czechoslovakia (1966).

563,263 fans watched the matches during the 18-day event, smashing the previous records in the competition. In Italy four years earlier, the total was 339,324, while in Japan in 2006, it was 298,352.
Grzegorz Kosok
Grzegorz Kosok (born 2 March 1986) is a Polish former professional volleyball player, a member of the Poland national team in 2011–2013, a participant at the Olympic Games London 2012, and the 2012 World League winner.

Poland men's national volleyball team
The Poland men's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej mężczyzn) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is directed by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, three World Championship titles (1974, 2014 and 2018), two European Championship titles (2009 and 2023), World League (2012) and the Nations League (2023 and 2025).

As of July 2025, Poland is one of the world's strongest teams, ranked first in the FIVB world ranking.
2023 Monte-Carlo Masters
The 2023 Monte-Carlo Masters (also known as the Rolex Monte-Carlo Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament for male professionals, played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 116th edition of the annual Monte Carlo Masters tournament, sponsored by Rolex for the 14th time. It was held at the Monte Carlo Country Club in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France (though billed as Monte Carlo, Monaco). The event was an ATP Masters 1000 tournament on the 2023 ATP Tour.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Inverell Shire Council Building
Inverell Shire Council Building is a heritage-listed former bank and council chambers and now retail premises at 56 Byron Street, Inverell, Inverell Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Inverell Shire
Inverell Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia adjacent to the Macintyre River and the Gwydir Highway.

The mayor of Inverell Shire Council is Cr. Kate Dight, who is unaligned with any political party.
Shlomo Zilberstein
Shlomo Zilberstein (Hebrew: שלמה זילברשטיין; born 1960) is an Israeli-American computer scientist. He is a Professor of Computer Science and Associate Dean for Research and Engagement in the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He graduated with a B.A. in Computer Science summa cum laude from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in 1982, and received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from University of California at Berkeley in 1993, advised by Stuart J. Russell. He is known for his contributions to artificial intelligence, anytime algorithms, multi-agent systems, and automated planning and scheduling algorithms, notably within the context of Markov decision processes (MDPs), Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs), and Decentralized POMDPs (Dec-POMDPs).

Automated planning and scheduling
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory.

In known environments with available models, planning can be done offline. Solutions can be found and evaluated prior to execution. In dynamically unknown environments, the strategy often needs to be revised online. Models and policies must be adapted. Solutions usually resort to iterative trial and error processes commonly seen in artificial intelligence. These include dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and combinatorial optimization. Languages used to describe planning and scheduling are often called action languages.
VII Maneuver Corps
The VII Maneuver Corps (Korean: 7기동군단, hanja: 七機動軍團), also known as The vanguard corps of the northern advance (Korean: 북진선봉부대, hanja: 北進先鋒部隊), is a corps of the Republic of Korea Army subordinate to the Ground Operations Command. As the only maneuver force in the Republic of Korea Army that is only in charge of offensive missions, it will advance to North Korea in case of emergency.

In addition, the USFK's 2nd Infantry Division is also assigned to the 7th Corps of the Korean Army in the wartime command system of ROK-US Combined Forces Command to fight together.

Republic of Korea Army
The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA; Korean: 대한민국 육군; Hanja: 大韓民國陸軍; RR: Daehanminguk Yukgun), also known as the ROK Army or South Korean Army, is the army of South Korea, responsible for ground-based warfare. It is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces with 400,000 members as of 2025. This size is maintained through conscription: All able-bodied South Korean males must complete military service (18 months for the army, auxiliary police, and marines, 20 months for the navy and conscripted firefighters, 21 months for the air force and social service, and 36 months for alternative service) between the ages of 18 and 35.
Ditech
Ditech Financial LLC (rebranded from “ditech Mortgage” and "Green Tree Servicing" in 2015) was a provider of home loan, loan servicing and refinance products to consumers and institutional partners in the U.S.

In May 2014, Ditech announced its re-entry to the national housing market after it “disappeared” from the marketplace for five years during the subprime mortgage crisis in the late 2000s. It also announced a corporate re-branding with its servicing affiliate, Green Tree Servicing, which took place in 2015.

GMAC ResCap
GMAC ResCap, Inc., earlier Residential Funding Company LLC and Residential Capital Corporation, was a residential mortgage loan originator and servicer based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was a subsidiary of GMAC (now Ally Financial). As a result of its exposure to subprime lending during the subprime mortgage crisis, the company filed for bankruptcy protection in 2012 and underwent liquidation in December 2013.
Keenaght (townland)
Keenaght (locally [ˌkʲiːnəx], from Irish  Caonach 'mossy place') is a townland lying within the civil parish of Kilcronaghan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies in the south of the parish on the boundary with the civil parish of Desertmartin, and it is bounded by the townlands of: Coolsaragh, Cullion, Gortahurk, Longfield, and Tintagh. It was apportioned to the Drapers company.

The townland was part of Tobermore electoral ward of the former Magherafelt District Council, however in 1901 and 1926 it was part of Iniscarn district electoral division as part of the Draperstown dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. As part of Kilcronaghan civil parish, Keenaght also lies in the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

Kilcronaghan
Kilcronaghan (from Irish  Cill Chruithneacháin 'Church of St. Crunathan') is a civil parish in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Containing one major settlement, Tobermore, and lying on the descending slope of Slieve Gallion, Kilcronaghan is bordered by the civil parishes of Ballynascreen, Desertmartin, Maghera, and Termoneeny. It lies within the former historic barony of Loughinsholin and is situated in Mid-Ulster District. As an ecclesiastical parish it lies within the Diocese of Derry and Raphoe.

Artefacts of human habitation in the Kilcronaghan area have been traced as far back as 1800–1000 BC. The history of the parish itself can be traced as far back as the 6th century when St Crunathan founded the church from which it takes its name. It has been the site of massacres and executions, with the River Moyola which flows through the parish forming the border between the ancient kingdoms of Ui Tuirtri and Fir Li.
UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying play-off
The UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying play-off was a UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying match to decide the final participant for UEFA Euro 1996. It was played on 13 December 1995 at Anfield in Liverpool, England, a neutral venue, between the Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands. The Netherlands won 2–0, therefore qualifying for the 1996 European Championship.

UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying
Qualifying for UEFA Euro 1996 took place throughout 1994 and 1995. Forty-seven teams were divided into eight groups, with each team playing the others in their group both home and away. The winners of each group and the six best runners-up qualified automatically, while the two worst runners-up were involved in a play-off at a neutral venue. England qualified automatically as hosts of the event.

This was the first European Championship qualifying phase in which three points were awarded for each win, as opposed to the two points that had been awarded previously.
Segger Microcontroller Systems
Segger Microcontroller is a private company involved in the embedded systems industry.  It provides products used to develop and manufacture four categories of embedded systems: real-time operating systems (RTOS) and software libraries (middleware), debugging and trace probes, programming tools (integrated development environment (IDE), compiler, linker), and in-system programmers (Flasher line of products). The company is headquartered in Monheim am Rhein, Germany, with remote offices in Gardner, Massachusetts; Milpitas, California; and Shanghai, China.

Real-time operating system
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS mainly targets resource constrained devices like microcontrollers. It is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, or fixed task prioritization in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will fail safe. Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive, meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks, and make changes to the task priority.
Alexander Orlov (Soviet defector)
Alexander Mikhailovich Orlov (Russian: Александр Михайлович Орлов; born Leiba Leyzerovich Feldbin, later Lev Lazarevich Nikolsky, and in the US assuming the name of Igor Konstantinovich Berg; 21 August 1895 – 25 March 1973) was a colonel in the Soviet secret police and a resident spy of the NKVD in the Second Spanish Republic. In 1938, Orlov refused to return to the Soviet Union due to fears of execution, and instead fled with his family to the United States. He is mostly known for secretly transporting the entire Spanish gold reserves to the USSR in exchange for military aid for the Spanish Republic and for his book, The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes.

Nikolai Yezhov
Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (Russian: Николай Иванович Ежов, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ (j)ɪˈʐof]; 1 May 1895 – 4 February 1940), also spelt Ezhov, was a Soviet secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the NKVD from 1936 to 1938, at the height of the Great Purge. Yezhov organized mass arrests, torture, and executions during the Great Purge, but he fell out of favour with Stalin and was arrested, subsequently admitting in a confession to a range of anti-Soviet activity including "unfounded arrests" during the Purge. He was executed in 1940 along with others who were blamed for the Purge.
Rico Gagliano
Rico Gagliano is an American journalist, podcaster and radio host. He is best known as the co-host, with Brendan Francis Newnam, of American Public Media’s arts-and-culture radio show and podcast "The Dinner Party Download," and as a reporter for the public radio business show "Marketplace". He has also written for television and for print media, including the New York Times. He is currently Head of Audio at the arthouse film studio, distributor and streaming service MUBI.

Marketplace (radio program)
Marketplace is an American radio program that focuses on business, the economy, and events that influence them. The program was first broadcast on January 2, 1989. Hosted by Kai Ryssdal since 2005, the show is produced and distributed by American Public Media. Marketplace is produced in Los Angeles with bureaus in New York, Washington, D.C., Portland, Baltimore, London, and Shanghai. It won a Peabody Award in 2000.

Besides the flagship daytime half-hour program, Marketplace also produces a companion show, the seven-and-a-half-minute-long Marketplace Morning Report, hosted by David Brancaccio, which airs on many public radio stations during the last segment of the NPR program Morning Edition.  The Marketplace team produces a number of podcasts, including Make Me Smart, This Is Uncomfortable, The Uncertain Hour, How We Survive, and Million Bazillion, as well as podcast versions of the radio broadcast and extended podcasts built around regular segments from the radio show.
Sebastian Voigt
Sebastian Voigt (born 1978) is a German historian at the Institute for Contemporary History, Munich - Berlin, and a fellow at the Institute for Social Movements, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. He specializes in the history of the trade union and the labor movement, Antisemitism, (anti)-communism and the history of the political-left.

Institute of Contemporary History (Munich)
The Institute of Contemporary History (Institut für Zeitgeschichte) in Munich was conceived in 1947 under the name Deutsches Institut für Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Zeit ("German Institute of the History of the National Socialist Era"). Founded by the German government and the State of Bavaria at the suggestion of the Allied Forces, it was established in 1949 and renamed in 1952. Its purpose is the analysis of contemporary German history.
British Athletics Writers' Association
The British Athletics Writers' Association (BAWA) is an organisation of British journalists who cover athletics. BAWA was founded in 1963 to represent the press covering the sport. It organises the BAWA Awards and is recognised by the International Association of Athletics Federations and the Sports Journalists' Association.

BAWA Athlete of the Year
The BAWA Athlete of the Year is an award presented by the British Athletics Writers' Association (BAWA) to the British athletes voted to have been adjudged to have been best of the year in British athletics.

They are presented each autumn at the Association's annual awards which have been running since 1963.

There are male and female award categories for senior, junior and Paralympic athletes. The most frequent winner of the main award is Mo Farah.