hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leine-Heide Cycle Path
The Leine-Heide Cycle Path (German: Leine-Heide-Radweg) is a long-distance cycle path in Germany that has a total length of 410 kilometres (250 mi) and runs through the German federal states of Thuringia, Lower Saxony and Hamburg. Until 2009, it was called the Leine Cycle Path, after the River Leine; it ended north of the river's confluence with the Aller in Hodenhagen. 
Heide (‘heath’) refers to the Lüneburg Heath.

Aller (Germany)
The Aller (pronounced [ˈalɐ] ⓘ) is a 215-kilometre-long (134 mi) river in the states of Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony in Germany. It is a right-hand, and hence eastern, tributary of the Weser and is also its largest tributary. Its last 117 kilometres (73 mi) form the Lower Aller federal waterway (Bundeswasserstraße). The Aller was extensively straightened, widened and, in places, dyked during the 1960s to provide flood control of the river. In a 20-kilometre-long (12 mi) section near Gifhorn, the river meanders in its natural river bed.
K-minimum spanning tree
The k-minimum spanning tree problem, studied in theoretical computer science, asks for a tree of minimum cost that has exactly k vertices and forms a subgraph of a larger graph. It is also called the k-MST or edge-weighted k-cardinality tree. Finding this tree is NP-hard, but it can be approximated to within a constant approximation ratio in polynomial time.

NP-hardness
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for  every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time, there is a polynomial-time reduction from L to H. That is, assuming a solution for H takes 1 unit time, H's solution can be used to solve L in polynomial time. As a consequence, finding a polynomial time algorithm to solve a single NP-hard problem would give polynomial time algorithms for all the problems in the complexity class NP. As it is suspected, but unproven, that P≠NP, it is unlikely that any polynomial-time algorithms for NP-hard problems exist.

A simple example of an NP-hard problem is the subset sum problem.

Informally, if H is NP-hard, then it is at least as difficult to solve as the problems in NP. However, the opposite direction is not true: some problems are undecidable, and therefore even more difficult to solve than all problems in NP, but they are provably not NP-hard (unless P=NP).
Neotettix femoratus
Neotettix femoratus, known generally as the short-leg pygmy grasshopper or short-legged grouse locust, is a species of pygmy grasshopper in the family Tetrigidae. It is found in North America and Australia.

Tetrigidae
Tetrigidae is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers, pygmy grasshoppers, pygmy devils or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts".
Kent Mill, Chadderton
Kent Mill, Chadderton was a cotton spinning mill in Chadderton, Oldham, Greater Manchester. It was built in 1908 for the Kent Mill Co. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1938 and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. Production finished in 1991 and it was demolished in 1994.

Lancashire Cotton Corporation
The Lancashire Cotton Corporation was a company set up by the Bank of England in 1929, to rescue the Lancashire spinning industry by means of horizontal rationalisation. In merged 105 companies, ending up in 1950 with 53 operating mills. It was bought up by Courtaulds in August 1964.
New Century Global Center
New Century Global Center (Chinese: 新世纪环球中心) is a multipurpose building complex in Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. It is the world's third-largest building by floor area. It is served by Jincheng Plaza station of Line 1 of the Chengdu Metro.

Line 1 (Chengdu Metro)
Line 1 of the Chengdu Metro (Chinese: 成都地铁1号线; pinyin: Chéngdū Dìtiě Yī Hào Xiàn) is the first line to enter revenue service on the metro network in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.  The line started construction in 2005, and entered service on September 27, 2010. On July 25, 2015, an extension towards Guangdu was opened for service.

Line 1 is a crosstown north-south trunk route, stretching from Weijianian in the north of town to Science City in southern Chengdu.  This line serves both the northern and the southern railway stations.

Between Chengdu South Railway Station and Western China International Expo City Station, the line runs adjacent to Line 18 essentially forming a four track subway. Line 1 operates as the local service between the two stations while Line 18 serves as the express, skipping a number of stops that Line 1 makes. The four track alignment with Line 18 will be extended to North Railway Station once Phase 3 of Line 18's construction is completed.
In Your House 14: Revenge of the 'Taker
In Your House 14: Revenge of the 'Taker was the 14th In Your House professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). The event occurred on April 20, 1997, at the Rochester Community War Memorial in Rochester, New York. Five matches were shown on the PPV portion of the event. There were also two dark matches and one for the Free for All pre-show.

In the main event of the televised portion of the show, Stone Cold Steve Austin defeated Bret Hart by disqualification. In contrast, Hunter Hearst Helmsley defeated Goldust in the main event of the non-televised live show. The undercard included The Undertaker defending the WWF Championship against Mankind, Rocky Maivia defending the WWF Intercontinental Championship against Savio Vega, and Owen Hart and The British Bulldog defending the WWF Tag Team Championship against The Legion of Doom (Hawk and Animal).

Card (sports)
In sports, a card lists the matches taking place in a title match combat-sport event. Cards include a main event match and the undercard listing the rest of the matches. The undercard may be divided into a midcard and a lower card, according to the perceived importance of the matches.  Promoters schedule matches to occur in ascending order of importance.
2010–11 Top League Challenge Series
The 2010–11 Top League Challenge Series was the 2010–11 edition of the Top League Challenge Series, a second-tier rugby union competition in Japan, in which teams from regionalised leagues competed for promotion to the Top League for the 2011–12 season. The competition was contested from 19 December 2010 to 29 January 2011.

Honda Heat and NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes won promotion to the 2011–12 Top League, while Canon Eagles and Kyuden Voltex progressed to the promotion play-offs.

Top Challenge League
The Top Challenge League was a professional rugby union competition in Japan. It was the second-highest level of rugby competition in the country and is a companies league; all the teams are owned by major companies and the players are generally employees of their company. The Japan Rugby Football Union created the Top League Challenge Series in 2003 in order to give teams playing in the second-tier regional leagues a pathway to progress to the top tier Top League; this became the Top Challenge League in 2017 when a second-tier league was introduced. The competition was disbanded following the creation of the fully-professional Japan Rugby League One ahead of 2022, with the Top League and Top Challenge League being absorbed together to form one three division tournament.
Christopher Wood (activist)
Christopher Wood is an American activist and fringe candidate known for his antisemitism. In 2022, he ran for the office of board supervisor at Marathon County, Wisconsin, but lost the election. He also ran for mayor of Wausau, Wisconsin in 2024.

Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marathon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 138,013. Its county seat is Wausau. It was founded in 1850, created from a portion of Portage County. At that time the county stretched to the northern border with the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is named after the battlefield at Marathon, Greece.

Marathon County comprises the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Stock Exchange Tower
125 Old Broad Street, formerly known as the Stock Exchange Tower and still often referred to as such, is a high-rise office building in London, located on Old Broad Street in the City of London financial district.

For over 30 years the Stock Exchange Tower was the home of the London Stock Exchange, until the exchange's relocation to Paternoster Square in 2004.

Paternoster Square
Paternoster Square is a former historic square, renamed from Newgate Market c. 1872, and now a post-war urban redevelopment next to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. The area was previously named Paternoster Row, after the street of the same name, once centre of the London publishing trade and was devastated by aerial bombardment in The Blitz during World War II. It is now the location of the London Stock Exchange which relocated there from Threadneedle Street in 2004. It is also the location of investment banks such as Goldman Sachs, Merrill and Nomura Securities, and of fund manager Fidelity Investments. The square itself, i.e. the plaza, is privately owned public space. In 2004, Christopher Wren's 1669 Temple Bar Gate was re-erected here as an entrance way to the plaza.

The square is near the top of a modest rise known as Ludgate Hill, formerly one of the two highest points in the City of London. It is characterised by its pedestrianisation and colonnades.
Eucomis bicolor
Eucomis bicolor, the variegated pineapple lily or just pineapple lily, is a bulbous species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to Southern Africa (the Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State, and the Northern Provinces). The pale green, purple-margined flowers are arranged in a spike (raceme), topped by a "head" of green leaflike bracts. It is cultivated as an ornamental bulbous plant, although its flowers have an unpleasant smell, attractive to the main pollinators, flies.

Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.
Carol Kalish
Carol Kalish (February 14, 1955 – September 5, 1991) was an American writer, editor, comic book retailer, and sales manager. She worked as Direct Sales Manager and Vice President of New Product Development at Marvel Comics from 1981 to 1991. She is credited with pioneering the American comics direct market when it was in its adolescence, in part through a program wherein Marvel helped pay for comic book stores to acquire cash registers.

She was the winner of an Inkpot Award in 1991, and in 2010 was posthumously awarded the first ComicsPRO Industry Appreciation Award, beating nominees such as Will Eisner, Julius Schwartz and Phil Seuling.

Julius Schwartz
Julius "Julie" Schwartz (/ʃwɔːrts/ SHWORTS; June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was an American comic book editor, and a science fiction agent. He was born in The Bronx, New York. He is best known as a longtime editor at DC Comics, where at various times he was primary editor over the company's flagship superheroes, Superman and Batman.

He was inducted into the comics industry's Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1996 and the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1997.
2017 United States Electoral College vote count
The count of the Electoral College ballots during a joint session of the 115th United States Congress, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act, on January 6, 2017, was held as the final step to confirm President-elect Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election over former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

This event was notable due to the many faithless electors in the electoral college votes, and the many unsuccessful objections raised by Democratic members of the United States House of Representatives.

Joe Biden was the first incumbent vice president since Richard Nixon in 1961 to have presided over an electoral vote count who later ran for and won the presidency in a subsequent election. It was also the first time in the U.S. history that the incumbent vice president who have presided over an electoral vote count would later go on to defeat the winner of that presidential election in a subsequent election.

2001 United States Electoral College vote count
The count of the Electoral College ballots during a joint session of the 107th United States Congress, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act, on January 6, 2001, was held as the final step to confirm then President-elect George W. Bush's victory in the 2000 presidential election over incumbent Vice President Al Gore.

This event was notable in that Gore, who had narrowly failed to secure the deciding state of Florida after a series of controversial recount proceedings, presided over the certification of his own election loss in his role as President of the Senate. Multiple Democratic representatives attempted to object to the certification of Bush's Florida electoral votes throughout the session, however no senator from either party signed onto the objections.

Gore was the last incumbent vice president until Democrat Kamala Harris in 2025 to have presided over an electoral vote count in which they were a losing presidential candidate on the ballot.
Yamasato Station
Yamasato Station (山郷駅, Yamasato-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of  Chizu, Yazu District, Tottori, Japan. It is operated by the third-sector semi-public railway operator Chizu Express.

Chizu Express
Chizu Express (智頭急行株式会社, Chizu kyūkō Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese third-sector railway that connects Hyōgo, Okayama and Tottori prefectures. Chizu Express operates one line, the Chizu Line.

Unlike the majority of third-sector railway companies which operate at a loss, Chizu Express makes a profit due to the track access fees paid by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) to use the Chizu Line for its Limited Express trains Super Hakuto and Super Inaba. Net profit after tax for the 2024-2025 financial year was ¥263,580,481.
Macabebe
Macabebe, officially the Municipality of Macabebe (Kapampangan: Balen ning Macabebe; Tagalog: Bayan ng Macabebe), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 82,933 people.

Kapampangan language
Kapampangan, Capampáñgan, or Pampangan, is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well as in the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan ('breastfed, or nurtured, language').

Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam, but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code.
Ruthenian Catholic Eparchy of Parma
The Eparchy of Parma (Latin: Eparchia Parmensis Ruthenorum) is an eparchy (diocese) of the  Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church in the midwestern part of the United States. Its episcopal seat is the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist in Parma, Ohio. The eparchy's liturgies utilize the Byzantine Rite.

It is a suffragan diocese of the Archeparchy of Pittsburgh in the ecclesiastical province of Pittsburgh. The metropolis is dependent upon the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches. The eparchy is sometimes styled as the "Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Parma", referring to the title that the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church uses in the United States.

Parma, Ohio
Parma is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb south of Cleveland. The population was 81,146 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 79,350 in 2024, making it the seventh-most populous city in Ohio, the largest suburb in the state, and the second-largest city in Cuyahoga County. Part of the Greater Cleveland has an estimated 2,171,877 residents in the 2024 estimate. Parma is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) south of Cleveland.
Nick Ferrari
Nicolo Ferrari (born 31 January 1959) is a British radio host, television presenter and broadcast journalist. He is best known as the host of the weekday breakfast show on the London-based radio station LBC. He also has a regular column in the Sunday Express and was previously a regular guest on The Alan Titchmarsh Show. He regularly appears on ITV's programme This Morning and has presented the Sky News debate show The Pledge since 2016.

LBC
LBC (originally London Broadcasting Company) is a British phone-in and talk radio station owned and operated by Global and based in its headquarters in London. It was the UK's first licensed commercial radio station, and began to broadcast on Monday 8 October 1973, a week ahead of Capital Radio.

The launch of LBC also saw the beginning of Independent Radio News broadcasting, as LBC provided the service to independent local radio stations nationwide. LBC broadcast only to London until 2006, at which time it became available, via digital radio, in some other parts of the country. It has been available nationwide since 2014, with the letters now standing for Leading Britain's Conversation.  LBC has a like-branded sister station, LBC News,  dedicated to rolling news, travel and weather.
People v. Muybridge
In 1874, photographer Eadweard Muybridge killed Harry Larkyns in Calistoga, California, believing that Larkyns had seduced Muybridge's wife and fathered the son Muybridge believed was his own. At trial, the jury, disregarding the judge's instructions, returned a verdict of not guilty on the grounds of justifiable homicide.

Calistoga, California
Calistoga (Wappo: Nilektsonoma) is a city in Napa County, California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the city had a population of 5,228 as of the 2020 census.

Calistoga was founded in 1868 when the California Pacific Railroad was built, establishing the town as a tourist destination for its Calistoga Hot Springs. Today, Calistoga continues as a popular tourist destination in Wine Country, owing to its vineyards and historic landmarks.
Ortiz Gaming
Ortiz Gaming is a multinational company specializing in Class II and Class III video bingo slot machines.

The company started in the United States in late 2012, but has been in the European, Latin American, and Asian gambling industry for over 20 years. The company's main offices are in Boca Raton, Florida, with other offices around the U.S.

Video bingo
Video bingo, or electronic bingo machine, is a type of slot machine or amusement-with-prize machine (AWP) which instead of the typical reel-style game play, one or more bingo cards can be played on the machine.
Prithimpassa family
The Prithimpassa family, also known as the Nawabs of Longla, are a Shia royal family from the Prithimpassa Union, Kulaura Upazila, Moulvibazar, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The family was of the erstwhile feudal nobility of East Bengal. They played important roles in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Partition of India and Sylhet referendum in 1947, and the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.

1947 Sylhet referendum
The 1947 Sylhet referendum was held in the Sylhet district of the Assam Province of British India to decide whether the district would remain in undivided Assam and therefore within the post-independence Dominion of India, or leave Assam for East Bengal and consequently join the newly created Dominion of Pakistan. The referendum's turnout was in favour of joining the Pakistani union; however, the district's Karimganj subdivision remained within the Indian state of Assam.
Frederika Alexis Cull
Frederika Alexis Cull (born 5 October 1999) is an Indonesian-Australian actress, model, activist, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Puteri Indonesia 2019. She represented Indonesia at the Miss Universe 2019 pageant, where she placed in the Top 10. She became the seventh Indonesian to place as a finalist in Miss Universe history.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
Charles Wordsworth
Charles Wordsworth (22 August 1806 – 5 December 1892) was Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane in Scotland. He was a classical scholar, and taught at public schools in England and Scotland. He was a rower, cricketer, and athlete and he instigated both the University cricket match in 1826 and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 1829.

Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane
The Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane is the Ordinary of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane. The see is located at St Ninian's Cathedral in Perth, Scotland.

Following the Glorious Revolution, the Church of Scotland abolished the Episcopacy in 1689 and adopted a Presbyterian government. The Episcopalian remnant slowly formed the independent Scottish Episcopal Church. In the 19th century, the three dioceses were gradually merged to become the present Diocese of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane. The Right Reverend David Chillingworth retired as bishop at the end of July 2017. An electoral synod to elect a bishop to succeed him was not convened until 2 June 2018, when it elected Ian Paton, Rector of Old St Paul's, Edinburgh.  He was consecrated and installed as bishop during a service at St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, on 20 October 2018 and is still in office.
23-Ji no Ongaku
23-ji no Ongaku (23時の音楽, Nijūsan-ji no Ongaku; lit. '11 p.m. Music') is the second studio album by Yoko Kanno, with vocals by frequent collaborator Maaya Sakamoto. It was released on May 22, 2002. It is the soundtrack for the NHK radio drama adaptation of the book The Other Side of Midnight.

Yoko Kanno
Yoko Kanno (菅野 よう子, Kanno Yōko; born 18 March 1963) is a Japanese composer, arranger and music producer of  soundtracks for anime series, video games, television dramas and movies. She has written scores for Cowboy Bebop, Terror in Resonance, Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, Wolf's Rain, Turn A Gundam and Darker than Black. Kanno is a keyboardist and the frontwoman for Seatbelts, who perform many of her compositions.