hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
The Peruvian Republic was a state that seceded from the Peru–Bolivian Confederation in 1838 under the leadership of General Luis Orbegoso.

Its territory comprised the totality of North Peru, which by a majority of votes proclaimed itself independent of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. This was not accepted by the Confederation, however, and both countries went to war during the War of the Confederation. After Orbegoso and Santa Cruz reached an agreement, the country ceased to exist as a sovereign state on October 20, 1838 and instead became an autonomous republic within the confederation until its defeat by Agustín Gamarra and his United Restoration Army in 1839.

Autonomous republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia.  Many of these republics were established during the Soviet period as Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, or ASSRs.
Unsatisfied
"Unsatisfied" is a song written by Paul Westerberg and recorded by his band the Replacements for their third studio album Let It Be (1984). Revolving around the central lyric "I'm so unsatisfied," the song was largely fleshed out in the studio and featured improvised guitar lines from guitarist Bob Stinson.

Though not released as a single, the song has become one of the Replacements' most acclaimed songs, being lauded by music writers and frequently appearing in the band's live setlists.

Paul Westerberg
Paul Harold Westerberg (born December 31, 1959) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter for the Replacements. Following the breakup of the Replacements, Westerberg launched a solo career that saw him release three albums on two major record labels.

Following the release of his third solo album, Westerberg has been mostly releasing music that he has self-produced and recorded in his basement home studio. He has also released two albums and an EP under the pseudonym Grandpaboy. In 2017, Westerberg released songs on SoundCloud as User 964848511 and on Bandcamp as Dry Wood Garage.
Inosperma maculatum
Inosperma maculatum, formerly known as Inocybe maculata and commonly known as the frosty fibrecap or brown inocybe, is a species of mushroom in the family Inocybaceae. It was first described by Jean Louis Émile Boudier in 1885.

It is a medium-sized brown mushroom with a fibrous, brown cap with white remnants of a universal veil in the middle. The stem is cream or brown. The species is ectomycorrhizal and grows at the base of various trees, including beech.

Inosperma maculatum is found throughout Eurasia and North America. It is poisonous, containing muscarine. Possible symptoms include salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal problems and vomiting, with the possibility of death due to respiratory failure.

Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing. Respiratory failure causes an altered state of consciousness due to ischemia in the brain.

The typical partial pressure reference values are oxygen Pa O2 more than 80 mmHg (11 kPa) and carbon dioxide Pa CO2 less than 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa).
Hideo Levy
Ian Hideo Levy (リービ 英雄, Rībi Hideo; born 29 November 1950) is an American-born  Japanese language author. Levy was born in California and educated in Taiwan, the US, and Japan. He is one of the first Americans to write modern literature in Japanese, and his work has won the Noma Literary New Face Prize and the Yomiuri Prize, among other literary prizes.

Yomiuri Prize
The Yomiuri Prize for Literature (読売文学賞, Yomiuri Bungaku Shō) is a literary award in Japan.  The prize was founded in 1949 by the Yomiuri Shimbun Company to help form a "strong cultural nation".  The winner is awarded two million Japanese yen and an inkstone.
St. Michael's Church, Berlin
Saint Michael's (German: Sankt-Michael-Kirche) is a former Roman Catholic parish in Berlin, Germany, dedicated to the Archangel Michael. It is noted for its historic church in Mitte (former Luisenstadt), near the border between Berlin-Mitte locality and Kreuzberg. The church was built between 1851 and 1861, and also served as a garrison church for Catholic soldiers. It was heavily damaged by bombing during the Second World War and partially reconstructed in the 1950s. It is protected as a historical monument in Berlin.

Parish (Catholic Church)
In the Catholic Church, a parish (Latin: parochia) is a stable community of the faithful within a particular church, whose pastoral care has been entrusted to a parish priest (Latin: parochus), under the authority of the diocesan bishop. It is the lowest ecclesiastical subdivision in the Catholic episcopal polity, and the primary constituent unit of a diocese or eparchy. Parishes are extant in both the Latin and Eastern Catholic Churches. In the 1983 Code of Canon Law, parishes are constituted under cc. 515–552, entitled "Parishes, Pastors, and Parochial Vicars."
12th (Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry) Battalion, Manchester Regiment
The 12th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment, was a unit of  'Kitchener's Army' formed immediately after the outbreak of the First World War. It saw action in the Ypres Salient in 1915–16, on the Somme in 1916, including actions at Mametz Wood and the Battle of Delville Wood, and in the Arras Offensive. It was then amalgamated with the dismounted cavalry of the Manchester-based Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry (DLOY) to become the 12th (DLOY) Battalion, Manchester Regiment. It continued serving on the Western Front until the Armistice with Germany, including the Battle of Passchendaele, the German Spring Offensive and the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive.

Hundred Days Offensive
The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Imperial German Army back, undoing its gains from the German spring offensive (21 March – 18 July).

The Germans retreated to the Hindenburg Line, but the Allies broke through the line with a series of victories, starting with the Battle of St Quentin Canal on 29 September. The offensive led directly to the Armistice of 11 November 1918 which ended the war with an Allied victory. The term "Hundred Days Offensive" does not refer to a planned Allied campaign, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories.
Yumiko Tsuzuki
Yumiko Tsuzuki (都築有美子 Tsuzuki Yumiko born May 11, 1983, in Okazaki, Aichi) is a Japanese volleyball player who plays for NEC Red Rockets.
She served as captain of Toyota Auto Body Queenseis between 2007 and 2009.

On 27 June 2013 NEC Red Rockets announced her joining.

Queenseis Kariya
Queenseis Kariya (クインシーズ刈谷, Kuinshīzu Kariya), formerly the Toyota Auto Body Queenseis (トヨタ車体クインシーズ, Toyotashatai Kuinshīzu) is a women's volleyball team based in Kariya city, Aichi, Japan. It plays in SV.League. The club was founded in 1951.
The owner of the team is Toyota Auto Body.

Queenseis is a coined word combining Queen and Seis ("six" in Spanish).
W. Harry Davis
William Harry Davis Sr. (April 12, 1923 – August 11, 2006)  was an American civil rights activist, amateur boxing coach, civic leader, and businessman in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He overcame poverty, childhood polio, and racial prejudice to become a humanitarian. Davis is remembered for his warm and positive personality, for coaching Golden Gloves champions in the upper Midwest, and for managing the Olympics boxing team that won nine gold medals. His contributions to public education in his community are enduring. A leader in desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement, Davis helped Americans find a way forward to racial equality.

Desegregation in the United States
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups, usually referring to races. Desegregation is typically measured by the index of dissimilarity, allowing researchers to determine whether desegregation efforts are having impact on the settlement patterns of various groups. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. Desegregation was long a focus of the American civil rights movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, particularly desegregation of the school systems and the military. Racial integration of society was a closely related goal.
BNXT Supercup
The BNXT Supercup is the super cup competition of the BNXT League, the top basketball in the Netherlands and Belgium. The super cup match is played by the Dutch champions and the Belgian champions of the previous season. The first Supercup was held on September 11, 2021. Filou Oostende won the inaugural title.

BNXT League
The BNXT League is a professional basketball league in Belgium and the Netherlands. The league is the first tier in both the Dutch and Belgian system, replacing the DBL and PBL. The inaugural season was the 2021–22 season, which started in September 2021.
Dominie
Dominie (Wiktionary definition) is a Scots language and Scottish English term for a Scottish schoolmaster usually of the Church of Scotland and also a term used in the US for a minister or pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church.

Schoolmaster
A schoolmaster, or simply master, is a male school teacher. The usage first occurred in England in the Late Middle Ages and early modern period. At that time, most schools were one-room or two-room schools and had only one or two such teachers, a second or third being often called an assistant schoolmaster. The use of the traditional term survives in British private schools, both secondary and preparatory, and in grammar schools, as well as in some Commonwealth boarding schools (such as the Doon School in India) which are modelled on British grammar and public schools.
Colorado State Highway 23
State Highway 23 (SH 23) is a 17.7-mile (28.5 km) state highway in Phillips and Sedgwick counties in the northeastern corner of Colorado, United States, that connects U.S. Route 385 (US 385) in Holyoke with Nebraska Highway 23 (N-23) in Nebraska.

U.S. Route 385 in Colorado
U.S. Highway 385 (US 385), also known as the High Plains Highway north of Cheyenne Wells, is the easternmost significant north–south state highway in the U.S. state of Colorado, and many of the state's major east–west routes intersect with US 385 before crossing into neighboring Kansas and Nebraska. It enters the state from Oklahoma while overlapped with US 287, but splits at Lamar to follow its own route through the Eastern Plains to Nebraska.
Bohus Line
The Bohus Line (Swedish: Bohusbanan) is a 180-kilometer-long (110 mi) railway line from Gothenburg via Uddevalla and Munkedal to Strömstad. The line is single track and electrified at 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC.  Bohus Line has seventeen stations; Strömstad, Skee, Överby, Tanum, Rabbalshede, Hällevadsholm, Dingle, Munkedal, Uddevalla C, Uddevalla Östra, Ljungskile, Svenshögen, Stenungsund, Stora Höga, Kode, Ytterby and Gothenburg.

Munkedal
Munkedal is a locality and the seat of Munkedal Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 3,718 inhabitants in 2010. Joakim Andersson, an ice hockey player for the Detroit Red Wings, grew up in Munkedal. Olympian Erland Koch was born here. The Battle of Kvistrum took place near the town.
Salinas Municipal Stadium
Salinas Municipal Stadium was a baseball park located in Salinas, California, United States. Opened in 1949, the stadium was the home field for the Salinas Colts, Salinas Packers, Salinas Indians, Salinas Spurs and Salinas Peppers. When it first opened, the stadium's seating capacity was 2,000. By 1984, it was 3,600.

The Stadium was demolished and replaced with Rabobank Stadium, a football stadium that will serve as home to the football teams of Hartnell College, North Salinas High School, and Palma High School.The stadium sat across the street from Madonna Del Sasso School.

Salinas Sports Complex
The Salinas Sports Complex is a sporting complex located in Salinas, California on the Central Coast. The main feature of the complex is a 17,000-seat stadium for California Rodeo Salinas. Soccer, football, and rugby was also played at the main stadium before the opening of Rabobank Stadium within the complex.
Lorgnette
A lorgnette (/lɔːˈnjɛt/) is a pair of spectacles with a handle, used to hold them in place, rather than fitting over the ears or nose. The word lorgnette is derived from the French lorgner, to take a sidelong look at, and Middle French, from lorgne, squinting. Their precise origin is debated: some sources describe English scientist George Adams the elder as their inventor, while others cite his son George Adams the younger.

The lorgnette was usually used as a piece of jewelry, rather than to enhance vision. Fashionable ladies usually preferred them to spectacles. These were very popular at masquerade parties and used often at the opera. They were worn popularly in the 19th century. The lorgnette was employed as a prop and affectation by early 20th century trial lawyer Earl Rogers, and one is featured on the front cover dust jacket of his biography, Final Verdict, by his daughter Adela Rogers St. Johns.

George Adams (scientist, died 1795)
George Adams the younger (1750–1795) was an English scientist, optician and scientific writer. He was mathematical instrument maker to King George III of Great Britain, succeeding his father George Adams in the post. He also made globes.

Around 1770, Adams invented the lucernal microscope, a type of projection microscope where the image is projected on a screen by a large oil lamp, as to make it easier to draw or trace the image.

In politics Adams was a Tory, and as such was received with favour at court by George III. He died 14 August 1795, at Southampton, and was succeeded in his business and in the post of mathematical instrument maker to the king by his brother, Dudley Adams.
Augustus Austen Leigh
Augustus Austen Leigh (1840–1905) was the 32nd provost of King's College, Cambridge. He was the sixth son of J. Edward Austen (after 1836 Austen Leigh, vicar of Bray (Berks) and of Emma Smith (d. 1876), daughter of Charles Smith of Suttons in Essex. His grandfather was James Austen, the eldest brother of author Jane Austen. His brothers, Arthur, Charles, Cholmeley and Spencer were all first-class cricketers.

Born at Wargrave, Berkshire, he was educated at Eton College and entered King's College, in 1859. He earned the members' prize in 1862, and graduated B.A. in 1863, M.A. in 1866.

Austen Leigh was appointed a tutor at the college from 1868 to 1881, and was dean from 1871 to 1873 and 1882–5, and vice-provost from 1877 to 1889. He succeeded Richard Okes as provost on 9 February 1889. He held various other positions, including president of the Cambridge University Musical Society from 1883, and president of Cambridge University Cricket Club from 1886 to 1904.

Charles Austen-Leigh
Charles Edward Austen-Leigh (30 June 1832 – 17 November 1924) was an English first-class cricketer and Principal Clerk of Committees in the House of Commons.

The son of The Reverend James Edward Austen-Leigh and his wife Emma, he was born at Tring in June 1832. His father was a nephew to the novelist Jane Austen. He was educated firstly at Winchester College, before transferring to Harrow School which he attended until 1851. From Harrow he went up to Balliol College, Oxford. He played first-class cricket in 1861 and 1862, making two appearances for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Sussex and Middlesex, scoring 16 runs and taking 3 wickets. Austen-Leigh later served as Principal Clerk of Committees in the House of Commons from 1892 until his retirement in 1897. He died, aged 92, at Alfriston in November 1924. His brothers, Arthur, Cholmeley and Spencer were all first-class cricketers.
Skylab 4
Skylab 4 (also SL-4 and SLM-3) was the third crewed Skylab mission and placed the third and final crew aboard the first American space station.

The mission began on November 16, 1973, with the launch of Gerald P. Carr, Edward Gibson, and William R. Pogue in an Apollo command and service module on a Saturn IB rocket from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and lasted 84 days, one hour and 16 minutes. A total of 6,051 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by the Skylab 4 astronauts performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, observation of the Comet Kohoutek and other experiments.

The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively.

Skylab 2
Skylab 2 (also SL-2 and SLM-1) was the first crewed mission to Skylab, the first American orbital space station. The mission was launched on an Apollo command and service module by a Saturn IB rocket on May 25, 1973, and carried NASA astronauts Pete Conrad, Joseph P. Kerwin, Paul J. Weitz to the station. The name Skylab 2 also refers to the vehicle used for that mission. The Skylab 2 mission established a twenty-eight-day record for human spaceflight duration. Its crew was the first space station occupants ever to return safely to Earth – the only previous space station occupants, the crew of the 1971 Soyuz 11 mission that had crewed the Salyut 1 station for twenty-four days, died upon reentry due to unexpected cabin depressurization.

The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively.
Quincy House (Boston)
The Quincy House was a hotel in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Located on the corner of Brattle Street and Brattle Square in the neighborhood of Scollay Square, it was in operation for most of the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the largest hotel in Boston in the late 19th century, and was a popular destination for prominent guests to the city. It also served as a major headquarters for labor unions in Boston.

Quincy House was closed in 1929. The site is now occupied by City Hall Plaza, in front of Boston City Hall.

Brattle Street (Boston)
Brattle Street, which existed from 1694 to 1962, was a street in Boston, Massachusetts, located on the current site of City Hall Plaza, at Government Center. The street ran the short distance from Scollay Square to Faneuil Hall.
George Smith (1765–1836)
George Smith (30 April 1765 – 26 December 1836) was a British Member of Parliament (MP), banker and director of the East India Company.

He was the fifth son of Abel Smith, a wealthy Nottingham banker and Member of Parliament. Four of his brothers were also members of parliament and one, Robert, was raised to the peerage as Baron Carrington. A portion of the family wealth was devoted to buying control of two pocket boroughs, Wendover and Midhurst, and Carrington kept the seats here almost exclusively for use by various members of the Smith family until his power was ended by the Great Reform Act.

Smith entered Parliament in 1791 as member for Lostwithiel, and also represented Midhurst and Wendover in a parliamentary career spread over forty years.
He is an ancestor of the current British monarchy via Frances Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne

Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)
Midhurst was a parliamentary borough in Sussex, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1311 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1885, when the constituency was abolished. Before the Great Reform Act 1832, it was one of the most notorious of England's rotten boroughs.
Caprellidae
Caprellidae is a family of amphipods commonly known as skeleton shrimps. Their common name denotes the threadlike slender body which allows them to virtually disappear among the fine filaments of seaweed, hydroids and bryozoans. They are sometimes also known as ghost shrimps.

Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and ζώα (zóa) 'animals') is a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals, which also belong to the phylum Cnidaria.

Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (Craspedacusta sowerbyi), freshwater polyps (Hydra), Obelia, Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), chondrophores (Porpitidae), and pink-hearted hydroids (Tubularia).
Mount Everett State Reservation
Mount Everett State Reservation is a public recreation area in the towns of Mount Washington and Sheffield, Massachusetts, that offers panoramic views of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York from the summit of 2,624-foot (800 m) Mount Everett. The reservation abuts Jug End State Reservation and Wildlife Management Area; Bash Bish Falls State Park and Mount Washington State Forest lie to the west. All are managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Bash Bish Falls State Park
Bash Bish Falls State Park is a Massachusetts state park located in the town of Mount Washington. The park is named after Bash Bish Falls, Massachusetts' highest single-drop waterfall (60 feet (18 m)), which lies within its borders. The park is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation and is one of several nature preserves in the extreme southwestern corner of Massachusetts noted for their scenery. It is adjacent to the 4,000-acre (1,600 ha) Mount Washington State Forest, as well as New York's 5,000-acre (2,000 ha) Taconic State Park.

Bash Bish State Park consists of numerous gorges and an eastern hemlock ravine forest. The slopes around the waterfall are covered by forests of trees such as maple, oak, and beech. Wildlife includes the timber rattlesnake, the peregrine falcon, bobcats, black bears, and porcupines.
1865 flooding of Bucharest
As a result of snowmelt, Bucharest, the capital of Romania, was hit by the worst flooding in its history. Although the death toll is unknown, documents attest a large number of dead and displaced people. At people's pressure, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza started a project of sewering the Dâmbovița River, which concretized only in 1880, after the plans of engineer Grigore Cerkez. Modern facilities were built to supply water to the city and 12 bridges.

Dâmbovița (river)
The Dâmbovița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdɨmbovitsa] ⓘ) is a river in Romania. It has its sources on the Curmătura Oticului, a mountain pass that separates the Iezer Mountains from the Făgăraș Mountains proper. It passes through Bucharest and flows into the river Argeș near Budești, in Călărași County. Its length is 286 km (178 mi) and its basin size is 2,824 km2 (1,090 sq mi). Dâmbovița County is named after the river.