hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hans Schwerdtfeger
Hans Wilhelm Eduard Schwerdtfeger FRSC (9 December 1902 – 26 June 1990) was a German-Canadian-Australian mathematician who worked in Galois theory, matrix theory, theory of groups and their geometries, and complex analysis.

"In 1962 he published Geometry of Complex Numbers: Circle Geometry, Möbius Transformations, Non-Euclidean Geometry which: 
... should be in every library, and every expert in classical function theory should be familiar with this material. The author has performed a distinct service by making this material so conveniently accessible in a single book. " - O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Hans Schwerdtfeger", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews

MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson and hosted by the University of St Andrews in Scotland. It contains detailed biographies on many historical and contemporary mathematicians, as well as information on famous curves and various topics in the history of mathematics.

The History of Mathematics archive was an outgrowth of Mathematical MacTutor system, a HyperCard database by the same authors, which won them the European Academic Software award in 1994. In the same year, they founded their web site. It has since expanded to include biographies of more than 3200 mathematicians and scientists.

In 2015, O'Connor and Robertson won the Hirst Prize of the London Mathematical Society for their work. The citation for the Hirst Prize calls the archive "the most widely used and influential web-based resource in history of mathematics".
Rōshi
Rōshi (老師) (Japanese: "old teacher"; "old master") is a title in Zen Buddhism with different usages depending on sect and country. In Rinzai Zen, the term is reserved only for individuals who have received inka shōmei, meaning they have completed the entire kōan curriculum; this amounts to a total of fewer than 100 people at any given time. In Sōtō Zen and Sanbo Kyodan it is used more loosely. This is especially the case in the United States and Europe, where almost any teacher who has received dharma transmission might be called rōshi, or even use it to refer to themselves, a practice unheard of in Japan.

Oshō
Oshō (和尚) is a Buddhist priest (in charge of a temple); honorific title of preceptor or high priest (especially in Zen or Pure Land Buddhism). The same kanji are also pronounced kashō as an honorific title of preceptor or high priest in Tendai or Kegon Buddhism and wajō as an honorific title of preceptor or high priest in Shingon, Hossō, Ritsu, or Shin Buddhism.
Rudolf Perešin
Rudolf Perešin (25 March 1958 – 2 May 1995) was a Croatian fighter pilot serving in the Yugoslav Air Force (JRZ) during the 1991–95 Croatian War of Independence who defected to the Croatian side in October 1991, by flying his MiG-21 fighter jet from Željava Air Base to Klagenfurt, Austria, on a reconnaissance flight for the JRZ. He was the first pilot to desert from the Yugoslav Air Force. Following his defection he continued to fly missions for the Croatian Air Force and was shot down in May 1995 by Serb Krajina military forces, resulting in his death.

Željava Air Base
Željava Air Base, situated on the border between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Gola Plješevica mountain, near the city of Bihać, was the largest military air base and underground hangar in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and one of the largest in Europe. The facilities are shared by the local governments of Bihać in Bosnia and Lika-Senj County of Croatia.
Guðrúnarkviða III
Guðrúnarkviða III, The Third Lay of Gudrun, is a short Old Norse poem that is part of the Poetic Edda. It has not left any traces in Völsunga saga and was probably not known by its compilers.

It is dated to the early 11th century, because that was the time when the ordeal by boiling water made its appearance in Scandinavia and the poet speaks of it as a practice of foreign origin. According to Henry Adams Bellows, the poem is based on material that came from northern Germany, where the ordeal by boiling water had long been current. He adds that it has so little local colour that it was probably composed based on a story that the poet had heard from a German.

The Guðrún lays show that the hard-boiled heroic poetry of the Poetic Edda also had a place for the hardships of women.

Henry Adams Bellows (businessman)
Henry Adams Bellows (September 22, 1885 – December 29, 1939) was an American newspaper editor and radio executive who was an early member of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. He is also known for his translation of the Poetic Edda for The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
Mara Corday
Marilyn Joan Long (née Watts; January 3, 1930 – February 9, 2025), known professionally as Mara Corday, was an American actress, showgirl, model and Playboy Playmate who was a 1950s cult figure during the Golden Age of Hollywood.

Showgirl
A showgirl is a female performer in a theatrical revue who wears an exotic and revealing costume and in some shows may appear topless. Showgirls are usually dancers, sometimes performing as chorus girls, burlesque dancers or fan dancers, and many are classically trained with skills in ballet.

The French view the term showgirl as an American idiomatic expression. Some strip clubs and some strippers use the term showgirl as part of their business name.
Disodium phosphate
Disodium phosphate (DSP), or disodium hydrogen phosphate, or sodium phosphate dibasic, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2HPO4. It is one of several sodium phosphates. The salt is known in anhydrous form as well as hydrates Na2HPO4·nH2O, where n is 2, 7, 8, and 12. All are water-soluble white powders. The anhydrous salt is hygroscopic.

The pH of disodium hydrogen phosphate water solution is between 8.0 and 11.0, meaning it is moderately basic:

HPO2−4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO−4 + OH−

Sodium phosphate
A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium (Na+) and phosphate (PO3−4). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms. The hydrates are more common than the anhydrous forms.
Alog Datacenters
Alog is a data center firm that provides infrastructure services in information technology, colocation, hosting management and cloud computing. The firm was founded in 2005 and its head offices are located in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil.

Alog is part of Equinix, the world's largest data center group according to Uptime Institute, a data center certifying firm.

451 Group
451 Group is a New York City-based technology industry research firm. Through its Uptime Institute operating unit, the company provides research for data center operators. In December 2019, 451 Group sold an operating division, 451 Research, to information and analytics company S&P Global.
Ccerayoc
Ccerayoc (possibly from Quechua q'ira a species of wild lupin, Lupinus platiphyllus) is a 5,092-metre-high (16,706 ft) mountain in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, in the districts Calca and Lares. It lies immediately east of Sahuasiray (Colque Cruz) and northeast of Condorhuachana.

Sahuasiray
Sahuasiray (possibly from Quechua sawa matrimony, siray to sew,), Sawasiray, Colque Cruz or  Ccolque Cruz (possibly from Aymara and Quechua qullqi silver, money, Spanish cruz cross, "silver cross"), is one of the highest mountains in the Urubamba mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,818 metres (19,088 ft) high. It lies in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, northwest of Calca. It is situated northeast of Chicón and Canchacanchajasa, southeast of Sirihuani and northwest of Condorhuachana.
Jagirdar (film)
Jagirdar (Landlord) is a 1937 Hindi romantic melodrama film directed by Mehboob Khan, and starring Bibbo, Motilal, Surendra, Yakub, Pande, Sankatha Prasad, Pesi Patel and Maya Banerjee.

The film was produced by Sagar Movietone and was Anil Biswas' first major venture as an independent music director. After the success of Manmohan, Anil Biswas replaced Ashok Ghosh as an acclaimed composer continuously producing a range of successful music. The story was written by Babubhai Mehta with dialogues credited to Zia Sarhadi. The lyricists were Zia Sarhadi and Pandit Indra Sharma.

Yakub (actor)
Yakub Khan (3 April 1903 – 24 August 1958), popularly known as Yakub, was an Indian actor born into a Pathan family in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. He is best known for his comic and comic villainous roles.

He began his career with roles as an extra, but eventually was cast in more important roles, frequently playing the parts of heroes and villains. He became one of the most renowned screen villains, while achieving equal success in comedy and character roles. Yakub appeared in over 100 films.
The Woodlands (Philadelphia)
The Woodlands is a National Historic Landmark District on the west bank of the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. It includes a Federal-style mansion, a matching carriage house and stable, and a garden landscape that in 1840 was transformed into a Victorian rural cemetery with an arboretum of over 1,000 trees. More than 30,000 people are buried at the cemetery. Among the tombstones at Woodlands cemetery is the tombstone of Dr Thomas W. Evans, which at 150 feet (46 m), is both the tallest gravestone in the United States and the tallest obelisk gravestone in the world.

National Historic Landmark District
A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a geographical area that has received recognition from the United States Government that the buildings, landscapes, cultural features and archaeological resources within it are of the highest significance and worthy of preservation.
Jacob Muricken
Jacob Muricken (born 16 June 1963) is an Indian Catholic monk, prelate and theologian, who is the former auxiliary bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palai (2012-2022). He was ordained as a priest by Joseph Pallikaparampil on 27 December 1993. He served as an assistant vicar, boarding house rector, professor, secretary of Corporate Educational Agency, vicar at Chakkampuzha and Neeloor parishes. He was declared auxiliary bishop of Palai on 24 August 2012 while serving as the diocesan pastoral coordinator. His episcopal ordination was on 1 October 2012 by Joseph Perumthottam at St. Thomas Cathedral, Palai.

In August 2022, Muricken said that "God inspires me to go into solitude" and resigned from his post as auxiliary bishop to continue his life as a hermit, moving to the hermitage following approval from the Syro-Malabar synod.

Joseph Perumthottam
Mar Joseph Perumthottam (Syriac: ܡܪܝ ܝܘܣܦ ܦܝܪܘܡܬܘܬܡ, romanized: Mar Yawsep Perumthottam) (born 5 July 1948) is an Indian prelate of the Catholic Church. Was the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanacherry, India.
Conor Ryan (consultant)
Conor Ryan (born 1963) is an Irish-born UK-based independent writer and consultant, a former senior civil servant, and adviser who was until June 2023 the Director of External Relations at the Office for Students, a non-departmental public body of the British Department for Education. He served as a special adviser and the senior education adviser to British Secretary of State for Education and Employment David Blunkett from 1997 to 2001 and then to British Prime Minister Tony Blair from 2005 to 2007.

Consultant
A consultant (from Latin: consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as expert, specialist, see variations of meaning below) who provides advice or services in an area of specialization (generally to medium or large-size corporations). Consulting services generally fall under the domain of professional services, as contingent work.

The Harvard Business School defines a consultant as someone who advises on "how to modify, proceed in, or streamline a given process within a specialized field".
Lansdowne Park, Blenheim
Lansdowne Park, a rugby stadium in Blenheim, New Zealand, is one of the two home grounds for National Provincial Championship team Tasman, the other being Trafalgar Park in Nelson. It was also home to Marlborough until they merged with Nelson Bays to form Tasman, and is currently home to two Blenheim clubs, Harlequins and Central.

It also served as Russia's training base for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, and hosted a 2016 pre-season Super Rugby match between the Crusaders and Hurricanes.

Blenheim, New Zealand
Blenheim (/ˈblɛnɪm/ BLEN-im; Māori: Waiharakeke) is the most populous town in the region of Marlborough, in the north east of the South Island of New Zealand. It has an estimated population of 30,300 as of June 2024. The surrounding Marlborough wine region is well known as the centre of the New Zealand wine industry. It enjoys one of New Zealand's sunniest climates, with warm, relatively dry summers and cool, crisp winters.

Blenheim is named after the Battle of Blenheim (1704) in the War of the Spanish Succession, where troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough defeated a combined French and Bavarian force. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "flax stream" for the town's Māori name, Waiharakeke.
Grand Conseil
The term Grand Conseil (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ kɔ̃sɛj]) or Great Council refers two different institutions during the Ancien Régime in France.  It also is the name of parliaments in several Swiss cantons.

Parlement
Under the French Ancien Régime, a parlement (French pronunciation: [paʁləmɑ̃] ⓘ) was a provincial appellate court of the Kingdom of France. In 1789, France had 13 parlements, the original and most important of which was the Parlement of Paris. Though both the modern French term parlement (for the legislature) and the English word "parliament" derive from this French term, the Ancien Régime parlements were not legislative bodies and the modern and ancient terminology are not interchangeable.
August 1872 Spanish general election
A general election was held in Spain from Saturday, 24 August to Tuesday, 27 August 1872, to elect the members of the 3rd Cortes under the Spanish Constitution of 1869, during the Democratic Sexennium period. 406 of 424 seats in the Congress of Deputies and all 200 seats in the Senate were up for election. The election in Cuba was indefinitely postponed.

Most of the opposition to the Radical Democratic Party of Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla opted to boycott the election—with the Carlists completely disengaging from electoral participation following the outbreak of the Third Carlist War in April—whereas for the Federal Democratic Republican Party only the "benevolent" faction chose to participate. As a result, the Radicals were able to secure a commanding parliamentary majority without needing to resort to electoral fraud, albeit under a low voter turnout.

Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla
Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla (22 March 1833 – 13 June 1895) was a Spanish politician. He served as Prime Minister of Spain for a little over ten weeks, in the summer of 1871, and again for eight months, between June 1872 and February 1873.
Rivière aux Outardes (Saguenay River tributary)
The Rivière aux Outardes (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ oz‿utaʁd], Bustard River) is a tributary of the Saguenay River, flowing in the municipality of Saint-Fulgence, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The route 172 (route de Tadoussac) crosses the Outardes River at its mouth. Chemin du rang Saint-Louis (north–south direction) serves the western side of this river.

Forestry is the primary economic activity in the sector; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Outardes River is usually frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to the end of March.

Tadoussac
Tadoussac (French pronunciation: [tadusak]) is a village municipality in La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM (Regional County Municipality), on the north shore of the maritime section of the estuary of St. Lawrence river, in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada.
Sam McDaniel (basketball)
Samuel McDaniel (born 9 December 1995) is an Australian professional basketball player for the Brisbane Bullets of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for Southeastern Community College and Louisiana–Monroe.

Brisbane Bullets
The Brisbane Bullets are an Australian professional men's basketball team in the National Basketball League (NBL) based in Brisbane, Queensland. They competed from 1979 to 2008, and returned to the league in 2016. Brisbane were one of ten NBL foundation teams and have won three NBL championships, being successful in the 1985 and 1987 seasons, and again in 2007. They have also competed in the 1984, 1986 and 1990 grand finals and have reached the playoffs 22 times.

On 30 June 2008, it was announced that the Bullets license had been returned to the NBL, following financial difficulties for owner Eddy Groves and the failure of attempts to find a new ownership group.

For the 2014–15 season, the NBL hoped for the return of a Brisbane-based franchise, bringing up the possibility of a Bullets resurrection. These hopes finally came to fruition on 17 September 2015, with the Bullets being revived for a return to the NBL in 2016–17.
Hooli
Hooli is a town in Belagaavi District in Karnataka, India. It is about 9 km (5.6 mi) from Saundatti. One of the oldest villages in the Belgaum District, Hooli is the site of the Panchaligeswara temple and the Trikuteshwara Temple. The village is historically rich, boasting of a ruined fort atop a hill and numerous temples. Hooli has been under the rule of the Rattas of Saundatti, Patwardhans of Ramdurg and most of the temples feature Chalukya architecture and were initially Jain Bastis or Basadis indicating a Chalukya rule. The name of the village is a corrupted form of PooValli meaning a flowery ear ornament. The village was also called Mahishpatinagar in ancient times.

Saundatti
Savadatti  is one of the oldest towns in Belagavi district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a celebrated Hindu pilgrimage centre located 78 kilometres from Belagavi and 41 kilometres from Dharwad. Savadatti is also the name of the taluk (sub-district), which was previously named Parasgad. There are several ancient temples in Savadatti.
Michael Dryhurst
Michael John Dryhurst (March 22, 1938 – September 9, 2025) was a British-born American film producer, director, assistant director, second unit director, and author known for his work on the films Superman, Excalibur, Never Say Never Again, The Emerald Forest, Hope and Glory, and Hudson Hawk. He was the son of film director and producer Edward Dryhurst, worked on many films by filmmaker John Boorman, and wrote the novel Check the Gate! in 2022. He also wrote two books about buses and trams, and wrote many articles on historic buses.  In 1988, he was the co-recipient of the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy for his work as a producer of the film Hope and Glory. He mostly retired from working on films in 1991, and spent his retirement in Ireland and America. He died on September 9, 2025, at the age of 87.

John Boorman
Sir John Boorman CBE (/ˈbʊərmən/; born 18 January 1933) is a British filmmaker. He is best known for directing feature films such as Point Blank (1967), Hell in the Pacific (1968), Deliverance (1972), Zardoz (1974), Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), Excalibur (1981), The Emerald Forest (1985), Hope and Glory (1987), The General (1998), The Tailor of Panama (2001) and Queen and Country (2014).

Boorman has directed 20 films and received five Academy Award nominations, twice for Best Director (for Deliverance, and Hope and Glory), two British Academy Film Award nominations and three Golden Globe Award nominations. He is also credited with creating the first Academy Award screeners to promote The Emerald Forest. In 2004, Boorman received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In the 2022 New Year Honours, he received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II for services to film.
I2P
The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is an anonymous network layer (implemented as a mix network) that allows for censorship-resistant, peer-to-peer communication.  Anonymous connections are achieved by encrypting the user's traffic (by using end-to-end encryption), and sending it through a volunteer-run network of roughly 55,000 computers distributed around the world. Given the high number of possible paths the traffic can transit, a third party watching a full connection is unlikely. The software that implements this layer is called an "I2P router", and a computer running I2P is called an "I2P node". I2P is free and open source, and is published under multiple licenses.

IRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a text-based chat system for instant messaging. IRC is designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

Internet Relay Chat is implemented as an application layer protocol to facilitate communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client–server networking model. Users connect, using a client—which may be a web app, a standalone desktop program, or embedded into part of a larger program—to an IRC server, which may be part of a larger IRC network. Examples of ways used to connect include the programs Mibbit, KiwiIRC, and mIRC.

IRC usage has been declining steadily since 2003, losing 60 percent of its users by 2012. In April 2011, the top 100 IRC networks served more than 200,000 users at a time.
Petit Frank
"Petit Frank" is a 1989 song recorded by the French singer and songwriter François Feldman. It was the fourth single from his 1989 album, Une Présence, and was released on 6 October 1990. As for the previous three singles from the album, "Joue pas", "Les Valses de Vienne" and "C'est toi qui m'as fait", it had a great success in France, reaching the top of the SNEP chart, thus becoming Feldman's second number one hit. Later, it was included on Feldman's three best of compilations, Two Feldman (1996), Best Feldman (1998) and Gold (2008); it was also performed during Feldman's 1991 tour and was thus included on the live album Feldman à Bercy (1992).

C'est toi qui m'as fait
"C'est toi qui m'as fait" is a 1989 song recorded by French singer François Feldman. Written by Jean-Marie Moreau, Thierry Durbet and Feldman, it was released in April 1990 as the third single from the album Une Présence (1989), on which it appears as the eighth track. It achieved a commercial success, becoming Feldman's successive third top two hit from the album.
Recreation Sites and Trails BC
Recreation Sites and Trails BC (RSTBC) is a branch of the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy. It is tasked with managing over 1,350 recreation sites and 800 trails across the province of British Columbia, Canada. These sites and trails are part of a unique network offering safe and enjoyable public recreation opportunities for both residents and visitors from around the world.

Ministry of Environment and Parks (British Columbia)
The Ministry of Environment and Parks is a ministry of the government of British Columbia in Canada. The ministry is responsible for the effective protection, management and conservation of the province's natural resources. It is currently overseen by Tamara Davidson.