hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leader of the Government in the South Australian Legislative Council
The Leader of the Government in the South Australian Legislative Council, commonly known as Leader of the Council and also called Leader of Government Business or Manager of Government Business, is the chief representative of the government in the upper house of the Parliament of South Australia. The leader is also responsible for the management of government business in the chamber. The office is held by a member of the Cabinet of South Australia.

Being the representative of the government in the upper house, the Leader of the Government takes a major part in debates in parliament. In terms of managing and scheduling government business, the Leader of the Government is responsible including:

the order in which government issues are to be dealt with

tactical matters in reaction to impediments to such management

negotiation with their opposition counterpart (the Manager of Opposition Business) about the order in which bills are to be debated, and

time allotted for debate.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
Philibert Germain
Philibert Germain or Filiberto Germain in the Spanish form (25 January 1827 – 9 December 1913) was a French-born naturalist who worked in Chile and collected specimens across South America. He worked as a curator of entomology at the Museo Nacional in Santiago for some time. Several species including the orchid Habenaria germainii and the butterfly Tetraphlebia germainii are named after him.

Chilean National Museum of Natural History
The Chilean National Museum of Natural History (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural or MNHN) is one of three national museums in Chile, along with the Museum of Fine Arts and the National History Museum. It is located in Quinta Normal Park, and was founded in 1830 by the French naturalist Claudio Gay.
Godfrey Ngwenya
General Godfrey Nhlanhla Ngwenya SBG DMG MMS (born 1950) is a former South African military commander and diplomat. He served as Chief of Joint Operations from 2001 to 2005, and Chief of the South African National Defence Force from 2005 until 2011.

Decoration for Merit in Gold
The Decoration for Merit in Gold, post-nominal letters DMG, was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, who had distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by outstanding service and utmost devotion to duty.
People's Rights Party
The People's Rights Party, or Folk's Rights Party (Russian: Партия Народного Права), was a radical constitutionalist political party established in Tsarist Russia in 1893. The group's political leader was the agrarian populist Mark Natanson and its ideological leading light was the literary critic and public affairs commentator N.K. Mikhailovsky.

While the People's Rights Party was small and short-lived owing to repression by the Tsarist political police, it has been remembered for its transitional place between the 19th Century Russian populist movement and a key 20th Century political organization, the Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR).

Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
Nikolay Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (Russian: Никола́й Константи́нович Михайло́вский; 27 November [O.S. 15 November] 1842 – 10 February [O.S. 28 January] 1904) was a Russian literary critic, sociologist, writer on public affairs, and one of the theoreticians of the Narodniki movement.
Pingtang Subdistrict
Pingtang Subdistrict (Chinese: 坪塘街道; pinyin: Píngtáng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Yuelu District in Changsha, Hunan, China. It is historically the territory of former Baiquan Township (白泉乡), Taiping Township (太平乡) and parts of the former Pingtang Town in Wangcheng County in 1994. The subdistrict has an area of 90.13 square kilometres (34.80 sq mi) with a registered population of 46,000 (as of 2012). The subdistrict has seven villages and two communities under its jurisdiction. its seat is Shifengshan Village (狮峰山村).

Yuelu, Changsha
Yuelu District (simplified Chinese: 岳麓区; traditional Chinese: 嶽麓區; pinyin: Yuèlù qū) is one of six urban districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the 4th most populous district (after Heshan, Dingcheng and Yueyanglou Districts) in Hunan. The district is bordered to the north by Wangcheng District, to the west by Ningxiang County, to the south by Yuhu District of Xiangtan City, across the Xiang river to the west by Tianxin, Furong and Kaifu Districts. Located on the west bank of the Xiang River, as the western part of the City proper, the district is named after Mount Yuelu, one of the national parks, Yuelu District covers 538.83 km2 (208.04 sq mi) with registered population of 644,834 and resident population of 818,900 (as of 2014). The district has 16 subdistricts and 2 towns under its jurisdiction, with its administrative centre at Wangyue (望岳街道).
Deplatforming
Deplatforming, also known as no-platforming, is a boycott on an individual or group by removing the platforms used to share their information or ideas. The term is commonly associated with social media.

Boycott
A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organisation, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage, usually to try to compel the target to alter an objectionable behavior.

The word is named after Captain Charles Boycott, agent of an absentee landlord in Ireland, against whom the tactic was successfully employed after a suggestion by Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and his Irish Land League in 1880.

Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing. When a similar practice is legislated by a national government, it is known as a sanction. Frequently, however, the threat of boycotting a business is an empty threat, with no significant effect on sales.
Alizeh Shah
Alizeh Shah (Urdu: علیزہ شاہ) is a Pakistani actress who appears in Urdu television.  She made her acting debut in 2016, with a supporting role Alina in Choti Si Zindagi. In 2018, Her performance as Palwasha in Ishq Tamasha earned her the Hum Award for Best Television Sensation. Shah got widely recognized after portraying the role of Dua in Ehd-e-Wafa (2019).

After that she has portrayed the main roles in several serials Hoor Pari (2019), Jo Tu Chahey (2019), Mera Dil Mera Dushman (2020), Tanaa Banaa (2021)  and Bebasi (2022).

Hum Awards
Hum Awards are annual Pakistani accolades bestowed by the Hum Network in recognition of excellence in programming of television, fashion and music industry of Pakistan. Winners are awarded the Hum Award of Merit. The awards were first presented in 2013.
FC Illichivets-2 Mariupol
Illichivets-2 Mariupol is a defunct Ukrainian football team. It was the reserve team of the Ukrainian First League club FC Illichivets Mariupol. The club competed in the Druha Liha football competition of Ukraine.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Tomerong
Tomerong is a village in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 180 kilometres by road south from the state capital Sydney and 20 kilometres south of the commercial centre of the City of Shoalhaven, Nowra in the County of St Vincent. The village is eight kilometres inland of the western shores of Jervis Bay and is located at the boundary of the Parish of Tomerong and the Parish of Wandrawandian. Its population at the 2021 census was 1,194. The traditional custodians of this country are the Wandandian (wandi wandian) people of Yuin Country who spoke the Dhurga language.

With a history of farming and sawmilling, the village and its environs is now primarily low to medium density residential, providing easy access to tourist areas such as Huskisson on Jervis Bay and the commercial centre Nowra. West and south west of the village the land is predominantly State Forests and Crown Land adjoined by the Morton National Park.

Jervis Bay
Jervis Bay (/ˈdʒɜːrvɪs, ˈdʒɑːr-/) is a 102-square-kilometre (39 sq mi) oceanic bay and village in the Jervis Bay Territory and on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia.

A 70-square-kilometre (27 sq mi) area of land around the southern headland of the bay, known as the Jervis Bay Territory, is not a part of the Australian Capital Territory (though some services are shared). The Territory includes the settlements of Jervis Bay Village and Wreck Bay Village. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) base, HMAS Creswell, is in the Jervis Bay Territory between Jervis Bay Village and Greenpatch Point.
Richard D. McCormick
Richard David McCormick (born July 4, 1940) is an American business executive. McCormick served as the CEO of US West from 1990 to 1998.  He was also a director for Wells Fargo & Company (1983-2010) and an honorary chairman to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).

International Chamber of Commerce
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: Chambre de commerce internationale) is a global business organization representing companies and associations in over 170 countries. ICC represents a broad range of sectors and business sizes. Its current chair is Philippe Varin and its Secretary General is John W.H. Denton AO.

ICC's main activities are rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy. Its rules, while voluntary, are widely used in international commercial transactions. National committees in over 90 countries advocate business priorities at national and regional levels, and more than 5,000 experts from member companies contribute to ICC policy positions through specialized commissions.

ICC holds Observer Status at the United Nations General Assembly and consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It represents business interests at international forums including the World Trade Organization and G20.
Ma (surname)
Ma (simplified Chinese: 马; traditional Chinese: 馬; pinyin: Mǎ) is a Chinese family name. The surname literally means 'horse'. As of 2006, it ranks as the 14th most common Chinese surname in mainland China. In 2019 it was the 13th most common surname in mainland China. A 2013 study found it to be the 13th most common, shared by 17,200,000 people or 1.290% of the population, with the province with the most being Henan. It is the 52nd name on the Hundred Family Surnames poem.

From He (surname) adopted name "Ma" (馬), the first word of the district Ma Fu, as their surname. Other romanizations include Mah, Beh, and Mar.

Hui Muslims, Salars, Bonan and Dongxiang people commonly adopted Ma as the translation for their surname Mahmud / Muhammad.

During the Ming dynasty, the Zhengde Emperor had a Uyghur concubine with the surname Ma.

It is not to be confused with the less common surname Má (麻), which means 'hemp'.

Dongxiang people
The Dongxiang (autonym: Sarta or Santa) are a Mongolic people and one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Half of the population live in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. The rest are divided over Hezheng County, Linxia City, Lanzhou, Dingxi and Ningxia. According to the China Statistical Yearbook 2021, their population numbers 774,947, although research has found that the number is inflated due to Hui identifying themselves as Dongxiang for the census, in order to benefit from minority policies.
Nooran
Nooran (Punjabi: نوراں), also spelled Nooraan, is a 1957 Pakistani Punjabi-language musical romance film directed by M. A. Khan and starring Noor Jehan and Sudhir in lead roles. Hazeen Qadri wrote the film, songs lyrics and dialogues of the film. The film revolves around Nooran and Sohna Baloch who falls for each other first sight but their families are enemies of each other for many years. Although, the film didn't do well at box office but over the years, the film's song became popular and inspired the others, especially that sung by Jehan.

Noor Jehan
Noor Jehan (21 September 1926 – 23 December 2000) was a Pakistani playback singer and actress. Her six-decade career spanned both British Indian and Pakistani cinema. Jehan had proficiency in Hindustani classical music, as well as in other genres including ghazals. She made her directorial debut with the film Chann Wey in 1951, becoming the first female film director in Pakistan. She is recognized for her contributions to music in South Asia, particularly in Pakistan. She was given the title of Malika-e-Tarannum ("Queen of Melody") in Pakistan.

Along with Ahmed Rushdi, she holds the record for having given voice to the largest number of film songs in the history of Pakistani cinema. She recorded about 10,000 songs in various languages, including Urdu, Punjabi, and Sindhi. She sang a total of 2,422 songs in 1,148 Pakistani films during a career that lasted more than half a century. She is also considered to be the first female Pakistani film director.
Apostolic Nunciature to Montenegro
The Apostolic Nunciature to Montenegro is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Montenegro. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.

Montenegro became an independent nation on 3 June 2006, dissolving its relationship with Serbia in the short-lived State Union of Serbia and Montenegro as the successor state to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Holy See and Montenegro agreed to establish diplomatic relations and exchange ambassadors on 16 December 2006, and Montenegro's ambassador Antun Sbutega presented his credentials at the Vatican on 22 January 2007. Three days later, Pope Benedict XVI named Archbishop Angelo Mottola as its first Apostolic Nuncio to Montenegro.

The title Apostolic Nuncio to Montenegro is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Bosnia and Herzegovina; he resides in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Angelo Mottola
Angelo Mottola (10 January 1935 – 8 October 2014) was a Roman Catholic archbishop and diplomat.

Born in Aversa, Italy, Mottola was ordained to the priesthood on 2 April 1960.

Before joining the diplomatic service of the Holy See, he was on the staff of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Mottola was named titular archbishop of Cercina and apostolic nuncio to Iran on 16 July 1999. He was ordained a bishop on 21 September 1999.

On 25 January 2007, Mottola was appointed apostolic nuncio to Montenegro, the first to hold that position.

He resigned on 10 January 2010.
Emily Gielnik
Emily Gielnik (/ɡɪl.nɪk/ GILL-nick; born 13 May 1992) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a forward for Liga MX Femenil club Monterrey and the Australia women's national team. She previously played for Aston Villa in England, Brisbane Roar and Melbourne Victory in her native Australia, Liverpool in England, Urawa Red Diamonds in Japan, Avaldsnes IL in Norway, Bayern Munich in Germany and Vittsjö GIK in Sweden.

Liverpool F.C. Women
Liverpool Football Club, commonly referred to as Liverpool or  Liverpool Football Club Women if distinguishing themselves from the men's team, is a professional English women's football team based in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. They have served as the official women's division of Liverpool Football Club since 1994. Founded in 1989 as Newton LFC and subsequently renamed Knowsley United WFC, Liverpool Ladies and Liverpool FC Women over the years. The club was a founding member of the top-tier Women's Super League in 2011. A year later, Liverpool became the first English football club to offer every female player full-time professional contracts. This decision pioneered the professionalisation of women's football in England and led to Liverpool winning back to back Women's Super League titles in 2013 and 2014. In 2022, they also won the FA Women's Championship, earning promotion back to the Women's Super League, having done so three times previously in 2003–04, 2006–07, 2009–10.
Adirondack branch
The Adirondack branch is a railway line in the state New York. It runs 57 miles (92 km) from Saratoga Springs, New York, to North Creek, New York. The line was built by predecessors of the Delaware and Hudson Railway between 1865 and 1871. Ownership of the line is split between Warren County, New York, and the town of Corinth, New York. The Saratoga Corinth and Hudson Railway operates excursion service over part of the line. The Tahawus line runs another 29 miles (47 km) from North Creek to Tahawus, New York. It was built during World War II to serve a titanium mine and is now owned by a railbiking company.

Warren County, New York
Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,737. The county seat is Queensbury. The county was established in 1813 and is named in honor of General Joseph Warren, an American Revolutionary War hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
Tony Burse
Tony Lee "Bursz" Burse (born April 4, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for one season with the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Seahawks in the 12th round of the 1987 NFL draft. He played college football for the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders. Burse was also a member of the Miami Dolphins, Sacramento Surge, Detroit Drive/Massachusetts Marauders, Sacramento Gold Miners/San Antonio Texans, Edmonton Eskimos, San Jose SaberCats, Buffalo Destroyers and Toronto Argonauts.

Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football
The Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football is the intercollegiate football program representing Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Blue Raiders compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are a member of Conference USA. They are coached by Derek Mason, who was hired as the 15th head coach in program history on December 6, 2023.

Middle Tennessee has appeared in 14 bowl games and seven I-AA playoffs. The Blue Raiders play their home games at the Johnny "Red" Floyd Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 27,303.
M27 (Johannesburg)
M27 is a major road in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. A large part of the route is named Jan Smuts Avenue which is roughly 12 km long. It begins in the southern suburb of Booysens and heads northwards through the Johannesburg CBD and the northern suburbs of Randburg.

M1 (Johannesburg)
The M1 De Villiers Graaff motorway is a metropolitan route and major freeway in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The highway connects the southern areas (including Booysens, Eldorado Park and Soweto) with the city centre and extends further north through Sandton into the Ben Schoeman Highway towards Pretoria. Construction began in 1962 and resulted in the demolition of many properties and houses including numerous historical Parktown Mansions.
St Mary Street/High Street
St Mary Street (Welsh: Heol Eglwys Fair) and High Street (Welsh: Heol Fawr) are major commercial streets in the Castle Quarter of Cardiff city centre, Wales, which form a major thoroughfare running south from the gatehouse of Cardiff Castle.  High Street begins at the junction of Castle Street on the A4161 and ends at the junction of Church Street and Quay Street, from where St Mary Street begins until the roundabout at Callaghan Square on the A4160.

In the 21st century, the thoroughfare has become the location for a wide variety of pubs, bars, restaurants, cafes and coffeeshops.

Callaghan Square
Callaghan Square (Welsh: Sgwâr Callaghan) is a large public plaza in Cardiff, Wales, previously known as Bute Square. It was developed as part of a Private Finance Initiative (PFI) scheme to link central Cardiff with Cardiff Bay.
Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study
The Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study, or "MATS Plan" as it became known, was a comprehensive transport plan released in 1968 proposing a number of road and rail transport projects for the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia.

It recommended the construction of 98 kilometres (61 miles) of freeways, 34 kilometres (21 miles) of expressway and the widening of 386 kilometres (240 miles) of existing arterial roads. It also featured new arterial roads and a new bridge over the Port River. For public transport, it proposed the closure of the Glenelg tram line, 20 rail grade separations and 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) of new railway line, including a subway under King William Street.

The estimated cost of land acquisition and construction was $436.5 million in 1968, which equates to approximately $4,580 million in 2010 with inflation. Very few of the plan's recommendations were ultimately brought to fruition in their original form due to political and public opposition.

Arterial road
An arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road that sits below highways on the road hierarchy in terms of traffic flow and speed. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to highways or expressways, and between urban hubs at a relatively high level of service. Therefore, many arteries are limited-access roads or feature restrictions on private access. Because of their relatively high accessibility, many major roads face large amounts of land use and urban development, making them significant urban places.

In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and highways. For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow. In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets.
Dave Hampton
David Hampton (born May 7, 1947) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers, Atlanta Falcons, and Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the Wyoming Cowboys.

Wyoming Cowboys football
The Wyoming Cowboys football program represents the University of Wyoming in NCAA college football. They compete in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I and have won 14 conference titles. Their current head coach is Jay Sawvel who is entering his second season as head coach in 2025 after serving as the programs Defensive Coordinator for the previous four seasons.

The Cowboy football program has been among the most notable of "stepping stone" programs due to the success of its former coaches. Coaches such as Bowden Wyatt, Bob Devaney, Fred Akers, Pat Dye, Dennis Erickson and Joe Tiller were at Wyoming immediately prior to gaining notoriety at bigger football powerhouses.