hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nipissing Great Lakes
Nipissing Great Lakes was a prehistoric proglacial lake. Parts of the former lake are now Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Georgian Bay and Lake Michigan.  It formed about 7,500 years before present (YBP). The lake occupied the depression left by the Labradorian Glacier. This body of water drained eastward from Georgian Bay to the Ottawa valley. This was a period of isostatic rebound raising the outlet over time, until it opened the outlet through the St. Clair valley, at one stage it had two stable outlets (north and south) both draining to the east.

St. Clair River
The St. Clair River is a 40.5-mile-long (65.2 km) river in eastern North America that flows from Lake Huron into Lake St. Clair, forming part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States and between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of Michigan.  The river is a significant component in the Great Lakes Waterway, whose shipping channels permit cargo vessels to travel between the upper and lower Great Lakes. The St. Clair Delta is located at the mouth of the St. Clair River where it meets Lake St. Clair and is the largest delta in the Great Lakes system, covering approximately 140 square miles (360 km2).
CS Portul Constanța
Club Sportiv Portul Constanța, commonly known as Portul Constanța, or simply as Portul, is a Romanian football club based in Constanța, Constanța County and currently playing in the Liga IV – Constanța County, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system.

Liga IV Constanța
Liga IV Constanța is the county football division of Liga IV for clubs based in Constanța County, Romania. The competition is ranked as the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and is organized by AJF Constanța – Asociația Județeană de Fotbal (lit. 'County Football Association').

It is contested by a variable number of teams, depending on the number of teams relegated from Liga III, the number of teams promoted from Liga V Constanța, and the teams that withdraw or enter the competition. The winner may or may not be promoted to Liga III, depending on the result of a promotion play-off contested against the winner of a neighboring county series.
RedLynx
RedLynx Ltd (also known as Ubisoft RedLynx, natively RedLynx Oy, formerly Punainen Ilves Laboratoriot Oy) is a Finnish video game developer founded in 2000. The company is based in Helsinki. It is best known for the Trials series of racing games. RedLynx was acquired by Ubisoft in 2011.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Walther P22
The Walther P22 is a semi-automatic pistol chambered for .22 Long Rifle (5.59 mm Caliber) rimfire ammunition. Manufactured by Carl Walther GmbH Sportwaffen, it was introduced in 2002 and has become very popular among shooting sports. It is distributed by the American gun company Walther America, associated with Smith & Wesson.

.22 long rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, also known as the .22 LR or 5.7×15mmR, is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition originating from the United States. It is used in a wide range of firearms including rifles, pistols, revolvers and submachine guns.  It is a well-established small game round, but is not typically used for hunting larger game as it lacks the necessary stopping power.

In terms of quantities sold, the .22 Long Rifle is by far the most common ammunition that is currently manufactured and sold in the world. Common uses include hunting and shooting sports. Ammunition produced in .22 Long Rifle is effective at short ranges, has little recoil, and is inexpensive to purchase, making it ideal for plinking and marksmanship training.
Krystle D'Souza
Krystle D'Souza (born 1 March 1990) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi television. D'Souza is a recipient of several awards including one ITA Award and two Gold Awards.

D'Souza made her acting debut in 2007 with the role of Kinjal Pandey in Kahe Naa Kahe. She had her career breakthrough with her portrayal of Jeevika Singh Vadhera in Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai. She went onto play the role of Raina Sharma Shrivastava Brahmarakshas and Roopa Awasthi in Belan Wali Bahu. D'Souza further expanded to web with Fittrat (2019) and Hindi films with Chehre (2021).

Gold Awards
The Gold Awards is an annual awards show that honours the best performers in the Hindi-language television industry.

The awards are presented in various areas of excellence, such as popular programming, including music programmes, news, entertainment programmes, sports, travel, lifestyle and fashion; best television channel in a particular category including news, sports, music and entertainment; technical awards and popular awards. The event is managed and founded by Vikaas Kalantari.
2022 Stretford and Urmston by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Stretford and Urmston was held on 15 December 2022, following the resignation of incumbent Labour Party MP Kate Green as Deputy Mayor of Greater Manchester. The by-election was won by Andrew Western, retaining the seat for Labour with an increased share of the vote.

Mayor of Greater Manchester
The mayor of Greater Manchester is the directly elected mayor of Greater Manchester, responsible for strategic governance in the region that includes health, transport, housing, strategic planning, waste management, policing, the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service and skills. The creation of the Mayor of Greater Manchester was agreed between the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, and Greater Manchester's 10 district council leaders. As well as having specific powers, the mayor chairs the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, also assuming the powers of the Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner.

Tony Lloyd was appointed as Interim Mayor for Greater Manchester in May 2015. The first Greater Manchester mayoral election took place on 4 May 2017 and was won by Andy Burnham, who was subsequently re-elected for a second term in May 2021 and for a third in May 2024.
Typological Studies in Language
Typological Studies in Language (or TSL) is a series of books published for academics in linguistic typology by John Benjamins Publishing Company since 1982.
Joseph H. Greenberg was honorary editor and Talmy Givón general editor at the inception of the series.
Michael Noonan was general editor from 1995 to 2009, being succeeded by Spike Gildea.

Thomas Givon
Thomas Givon (born 22 June 1936), also known as Talmy Givón, is a Palestinian linguist and writer. He is one of the founders of "West Coast Functionalism", today classified as a usage-based model of language, and of the linguistics department at the University of Oregon. Givón advocates an evolutionary approach to language and communication.
St. Jude storm
The St. Jude storm, also known as Cyclone Christian, and other names, was a severe hurricane-force European windstorm that hit Northwestern Europe on 27 and 28 October 2013 causing at least 17 deaths. The highest windspeed was in Denmark, where a gust of 194.4 km/h (120.8 mph) was recorded in the south of the country (in Als) on the afternoon of 28 October, the strongest wind recorded in the country's history.

Beaufort scale
The Beaufort scale (/ˈboʊfərt/ BOH-fərt) is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. It was devised in 1805 by Francis Beaufort, a hydrographer in the British Royal Navy. It was officially adopted by the Royal Navy and later spread internationally.
T. Venkatapathi Reddiar
T. Venkatapathi Reddiar is an Indian horticulturist and florist, credited with the development of over 100 varieties of crossandra flowers and casuarinas. He was honored by the Government of India, in 2012, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.

Casuarina
Casuarina, also known as she-oak, Australian pine and native pine, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Casuarinaceae, and is native to Australia, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, islands of the western Pacific Ocean, and eastern Africa.

Plants in the genus Casuarina are monoecious or dioecious trees with green, pendulous, photosynthetic branchlets, the leaves reduced to small scales arranged in whorls around the branchlets, the male and female flowers arranged in separate spikes, the fruit a cone containing grey or yellowish-brown winged seeds.
Globifomes
Globifomes is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single North American species Globifomes graveolens, commonly known as sweet knot. This fungus is found fruiting singly or in groups on trunks or logs of hardwood trees, primarily oaks. The fruit body consists of a mass of small overlapping hoof-shaped caps arising from a common core. It is initially dull yellow-brown with tan petal-shaped margins, aging to dark brown.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Waris language
Waris or Walsa is a Papuan language of northern New Guinea. There are about 2,500 native speakers. It uses the Latin writing system. The language features monophthong, diphthong, and triphthong vowels.

Triphthong
In phonetics, a triphthong (UK: /ˈtrɪfθɒŋ, ˈtrɪpθɒŋ/ TRIF-thong, TRIP-thong, US: /-θɔːŋ/ -⁠thawng) (from Greek τρίφθογγος triphthongos, lit. 'with three sounds'  or 'with three tones') is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three.

Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German Feuer [ˈfɔʏ.ɐ] 'fire', where the final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs.
Indore City B Assembly constituency
Indore City B was a Legislative Assembly constituency in the Indian state of Madhya Bharat, which elected one member of the in the 1952 election - the Indian National Congress leader and trade unionist V.V. Dravid represented Indore City B in the Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly.

1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat were held on 26 March 1952. 440 candidates contested for the 79 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 59 single-member constituencies. The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and Mishrilal Gangwal became the new Chief Minister.
Young Boys FD
Young Boys FD is an association football club based in Silkeborg, Denmark, that competes in the Danish 3rd Division, the fourth tier of the Danish football league system.

Founded in 1918 as Silkeborg KFUM, the club is affiliated to DBU Jutland, the regional football association. The team plays its home matches at JYSK Park, where it has been based since 1970. The club spent most of its history in the regional tiers of Danish football, winning regional Jutland championships multiple times, but never making it to the higher divisions. Ahead of the 2018–19 season, however, Silkeborg KFUM reached promotion to the Denmark Series, the fifth tier of Danish football, for the first time in club history.

Football in Denmark
Association football (Danish: fodbold) is the most popular sport in Denmark, with 331,693 players and 1,647 clubs registered (as of 2016) under the Danish FA. Over half of the people in Denmark are interested in football.

Football was introduced into Denmark by British sailors. Kjøbenhavns Boldklub is the oldest club outside of the United Kingdom, having been founded on 26 April 1876.

Denmark hosted the 1984 European Competition for Women's Football, the 1991 UEFA Women's Euro, the 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup final, the 2000 UEFA Cup Final, the 2003 UEFA Women's Cup Final, as well as three group stage matches and a round of 16 match of the UEFA Euro 2020.
History of surgery
Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has been united, join that which has been divided and repair the defects of nature."

Since humans first learned how to make and handle tools, they have employed these skills to develop increasingly sophisticated surgical techniques. However, until the Industrial Revolution, surgeons were incapable of overcoming the three principal obstacles which had plagued the medical profession from its infancy—bleeding, pain, and infection. Advances in these fields have transformed surgery from a risky art into a scientific discipline capable of treating many diseases and conditions.

Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré (French: [ɑ̃bʁwaz paʁe]; c. 1510 – 20 December 1590) was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. He is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology and a pioneer in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially in the treatment of wounds. He was also an anatomist, invented several surgical instruments, and was a member of the Parisian barber surgeon guild.

In his personal notes about the care he delivered to Captain Rat, in the Piémont campaign (1537–1538), Paré wrote: Je le pansai, Dieu le guérit ("I bandaged him and God healed him"). This epitomises a philosophy that he used throughout his career. These words, inscribed on his statue in Laval, are reminiscent of the Latin adage medicus curat, natura sanat, "The physician cures, nature heals".
Matthew Remijio Adam Gbitiku
Matthew Remijio Adam Gbitiku, M.C.C.I. (born 5 May 1972) is a South Sudanese Catholic prelate who is the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wau in South Sudan, since 18 November 2020. Before that, from 3 October 2004, until he was appointed bishop, he was a priest of the religious Order of the Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus. He was appointed bishop  by Pope Francis. He was consecrated bishop on 24 January 2021 at Wau, South Sudan. He is a member of the Catholic Order of the Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus.

Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
The Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus (Latin: Missionarii Comboniani Cordis Iesu), also known as the Comboni Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, or the Verona Fathers, and originally called the Sons of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Congregatio Filiorum S. Cordis Iesu), is a Catholic clerical male religious congregation of pontifical right.
John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.

Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
Brian Launder
Brian Edward Launder (born 20 July 1939) is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom. He is known for his work in the field of turbulent flows in general and turbulence modelling in particular. In 1994, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Turbulence modeling
In fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulent flows are commonplace in most real-life scenarios. In spite of decades of research, there is no analytical theory to predict the evolution of these turbulent flows. The equations governing turbulent flows can only be solved directly for simple cases of flow. For most real-life turbulent flows, CFD simulations use turbulent models to predict the evolution of turbulence. These turbulence models are simplified constitutive equations that predict the statistical evolution of turbulent flows.
Malcolm Rae
Malcolm Rae, OBE, FRCN is a British senior registered specialist in mental nursing/forensic psychiatry, mental health consultant, nursing educator and civil servant.

He began his career in public service as a NHS Mental Health Nursing Officer. He served as Director, Community Psychiatric Nurses Association, retiring after five years in 2002. As of 2011, he serves as Joint Lead Acute Care Programme, National Institute of Mental Health in England.  He was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing in 2001.

Royal College of Nursing
The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is a registered trade union and professional body in the United Kingdom for those in the profession of nursing. It was founded in 1916 as the College of Nursing, receiving its royal charter in 1928. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron until her death in 2022, King Charles III continued the royal connection and became patron in 2024. The majority of members are registered nurses; however student nurses and healthcare assistants are also members. There is also a category of membership, at a reduced cost, for retired people.

The RCN describes its mission as representing nurses and nursing, promoting excellence in practice and shaping health policies. It has a network of stewards, safety representatives and union learning representatives as well as advice services for members. Services include a main library in London, and regional libraries. The RCN Institute provides courses for nurses.
Chery QQ3
The Chery QQ3 is a city car and subcompact hatchback produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery from May 2003. In 2006, Chery created a QQ-branded product line that included the original QQ (rebadged as a QQ3), a sedan version called Chery QQ6 released in September 2006 and a three-door hatchback called Chery QQme released in June 2009.

A slightly redesigned model of the original QQ was revealed at the 2011 Guangzhou Auto Show, and was renamed Chery QQ3 Sport.

At the 2013 Shanghai Auto Show, Chery introduced the second generation. It was sold by the DR Automobiles as the DR Zero in Italy.

In 2025 at Chengdu Auto Show, the third-generation Chery QQ3 made its official debut. Unlike the previous two generations of the QQ3 which were city cars, the third-generation QQ3 is a subcompact hatchback with a wheelbase exceeding 2,700 mm.

A-segment
The A-segment is the first category in the passenger car classification system defined by the European Commission. It is used for city cars, the smallest category of passenger cars defined.

A-segment sales represented approximately 4.2% of the European market in 2024. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan.
Siberian Yupik
Siberian Yupiks, or Yuits (Russian: Юиты), are a Yupik people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far northeast of the  Russian Federation and on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska. They speak Central Siberian Yupik (also known as Yuit), a Yupik language of the Eskimo–Aleut family of languages.

They are also known as Siberian or Eskimo (Russian: эскимосы). The name Yuit (юит, plural: юиты) was officially assigned to them in 1931, at the brief time of the campaign of support of Indigenous cultures in the Soviet Union. Their self-designation is Yupiget (йупигыт) meaning "true people".

Sirenik Eskimos also live in that area, but their extinct language, Sireniki Eskimo, shows many peculiarities among Eskimo languages and is mutually unintelligible with the neighboring Siberian Yupik languages.

Yupik languages
The Yupik languages (/ˈjuːpɪk/) are a family of languages spoken by the Yupik peoples of western and south-central Alaska and Chukotka. The Yupik languages differ enough from one another that they are not mutually intelligible, although speakers of one of the languages may understand the general idea of a conversation of speakers of another of the languages. One of them, Sirenik, has been extinct since 1997.

The Yupik languages are in the family of Eskaleut languages. The Aleut and Proto-Eskimoan diverged around 2000 BCE; within the Proto-Eskimoan classification, the Yupik languages diverged from each other and from the Inuit languages around 1000 CE.
Oesman Joedakoesoemah
Oesman Joedakoesoemah (12 October 1909 – 2 June 1989) was an Indonesian teacher and bureaucrat who served as the Minister of Education and Religious Affairs in the State of Pasundan and Director of Cultural Affairs in the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Indonesia.

State of Pasundan
The State of Pasundan (Indonesian: Negara Pasundan, Old Spelling: Negara Pasoendan; Sundanese: ᮕᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓᮔ᮪, romanized: Nagara Pasundan) was a federal state (negara bagian) formed in the western part of the Indonesian island of Java by the Netherlands in 1948 following the Linggadjati Agreement.  It was similar to the geographical area now encompassed by the current provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta.

A Pasundan Republic (Indonesian: Republik Pasundan) was declared on 4 May 1947 but was dissolved later that year.  On 26 February 1948, the State of West Java (Negara Jawa Barat) was established and, on 24 April 1948, the state was renamed Pasundan.  Pasundan became a federal state of the United States of Indonesia in 1949 but was incorporated into the Republic of Indonesia (itself also a constituent of the USI) on 11 March 1950.

In 2009, there was a proposal to rename the present West Java province Pasundan ("Province of the Sundanese") after the historical name for West Java.