hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kan–Quillen model structure
In higher category theory, the Kan–Quillen model structure is a special model structure on the category of simplicial sets. It consists of three classes of morphisms between simplicial sets called fibrations, cofibrations and weak equivalences, which fulfill the properties of a model structure. Its fibrant objects are all Kan complexes and it furthermore models the homotopy theory of CW complexes up to weak homotopy equivalence, with the correspondence between simplicial sets, Kan complexes and CW complexes being given by the geometric realization and the singular functor (Milnor's theorem). The Kan–Quillen model structure is named after Daniel Kan and Daniel Quillen.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
Joseph Reagle
Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. (born 1972) is an American academic and writer focused on digital technology and culture, including Wikipedia, online comments, geek feminism, and life hacking. He is an associate professor of communication studies at Northeastern University. He was an early member of the World Wide Web Consortium, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in 1998 and 2010 he was a fellow at Harvard University's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society.

Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society
The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace. Founded at Harvard Law School, the center traditionally focused on internet-related legal issues. On May 15, 2008, the center was elevated to an interfaculty initiative of Harvard University as a whole. It is named after the Berkman family. On July 5, 2016, the center added "Klein" to its name following a gift of $15 million from Michael R. Klein.
Pauline Parmentier
Pauline Parmentier (French pronunciation: [pɔlin paʁmɑ̃tje, po-]; born 31 January 1986) is a French former tennis player.

Her career-high WTA singles ranking is 40, which she attained on 21 July 2008. On 30 April 2012, she peaked at No. 89 on the WTA doubles rankings. She won four singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as ten singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She competed in the singles and women's doubles events at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and had been playing for France in the Fed Cup since 2010, with a win–loss record of 7–14. Parmentier retired following the 2020 French Open.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Convento del Carmen Calzado (Madrid)
The Convento del Carmen Calzado (English for Convent of the Calced Carmel) was a convent in the Order of Mount Carmel. It was located in the area currently occupied by the Plaza del Carmen in Madrid. This convent was founded in 1573. The Spanish confiscation during the late 19th century left only the Parish church del Carmen and the ensanche (widening) of the area of Plaza del Carmen (which takes its name from this convent). One of the ten streets leading to the Puerta del Sol, and passing next to the facade of the parish church, is called Calle del Carmen. The site of the convent was dedicated to the Frontón Central, which would become the Cine Madrid.

Church of el Carmen (Madrid)
The Church of el Carmen (Spanish: Iglesia del Carmen) is a church located in Madrid, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1983. It was formerly part of the Convento del Carmen Calzado complex.
Loch Morar
Loch Morar (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Mòrair) is a freshwater loch in the Rough Bounds of Lochaber, Highland, Scotland. It is the fifth-largest loch by surface area in Scotland, at 26.7 km2 (10.3 sq mi), and the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). The loch was created by glacial action around 10,000 years ago, and has a surface elevation of 9 metres (30 ft) above sea level. It separates the traditional district of North Morar (which contains the village of Morar), from Arisaig and Moidart.

Lochaber
Lochaber (/lɒxˈɑːbər/ lokh-AH-bər; Scottish Gaelic: Loch Abar) is a name applied to a part of the Scottish Highlands. Historically, it was a provincial lordship consisting of the parishes of Kilmallie and Kilmonivaig. Lochaber once extended from the Northern shore of Loch Leven, a district called Nether Lochaber, to beyond Spean Bridge and Roybridge, which area is known as Brae Lochaber or Braigh Loch Abar in Gaelic. For local government purposes, the name was used for one of the landward districts of Inverness-shire from 1930 to 1975, and then for one of the districts of the Highland region from 1975 to 1996. Since 1996 the Highland Council has had a Lochaber area committee.

The main town of Lochaber is Fort William. Other moderate sized settlements in Lochaber include Mallaig, Ballachulish and Glencoe.
Saint-Maurice (provincial electoral district)
Saint-Maurice (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɔʁis] ⓘ) was a provincial electoral district located in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. It includes part of the city of Shawinigan; it does not, however, include the parish municipality of Saint-Maurice (although it borders on it).

It was created for the 1867 election, and an electoral district of that name existed even earlier: see Saint-Maurice (Lower Canada) and Saint-Maurice (Province of Canada).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged. Following the change in the 2017 electoral map, the riding will be dissolved into the new riding of Laviolette–Saint-Maurice and Maskinongé.

Saint Maurice (Province of Canada electoral district)
Saint Maurice was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River, between Montreal and Quebec City. It was created for the first Parliament in 1841, and was based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.  It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.

The electoral district lost some territory in the redistribution of 1853, when the district of Maskinongé was created, in part out of Saint Maurice.  The district was abolished in 1867 upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.
Judicial corporal punishment
Judicial corporal punishment is the infliction of corporal punishment as a result of a sentence imposed on an offender by a court of law, including flagellation (also called flogging or whipping), forced amputations, caning, bastinado, birching, or strapping. Legal corporal punishment is forbidden in most countries, but it still is a form of legal punishment practised according to the legislations of Brunei, Iran, Libya, the Maldives, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and Qatar, as well as parts of Indonesia (Aceh province) and Nigeria (northern states).

Caning
Caning is a form of corporal punishment that consists of administering strikes (known as "strokes") to the body with what is typically a rattan cane. Generally this is applied to the recipient's bare or clothed buttocks (see spanking), however caning may also be applied to the soles of the feet (see bastinado) and the palms of the hand; caning on the knuckles and shoulders is considerably less common.

The size and flexibility of a cane vary, as can the number of strokes administered. The sensation of a stroke from the cane is a sharp sting, followed by a lingering burn. The cane can effectively deliver sharp, intense strokes without requiring excessive force. Welts, ranging from light to intense (depending on the force of the stroke), are commonly associated with the cane.

The thin cane used in caning is not to be confused with the walking stick, which is sometimes also called cane (especially in American English) that is thicker, much more rigid, and usually made of stronger wood.
Aleksa Radanov
Aleksa Radanov (Serbian Cyrillic: Алекса Раданов; born February 1, 1998) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Partizan Mozzart Bet of the Serbian League (KLS), the ABA League and the EuroLeague.

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
1906 Iowa Senate election
The 1906 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1906 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1906 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly here.

The 1906 elections were the last in Iowa before primary elections were established by the Primary Election Law in 1907. The general election took place on November 6, 1906.

Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 42 seats to Democrats' 8 seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 18 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1906 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 36 seats and Democrats having 14 seats (a net gain of 6 seats for Democrats).

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Masa Takumi
Masanori Takumi (Japanese: 宅見将典, Hepburn: Takumi Masanori), better known as Masa Takumi, is a Japanese Grammy Award-winning multi-instrumentalist, composer, and music producer.  He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2014 for Best Reggae Album, won a Best Global Music Album for his solo album, Sakura, in 2023, and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2024 for "Kashira" for Best Global Music Performance. His music video, Deep Down, was nominated for Best Independent Music Video at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards in 2018. He has written and produced songs for AAA, Da Pump, Eric Martin, and others.

Takumi is an anime TV series composer, arranger, and musician who is known for composing theme songs, arranging music, and performing on Claymore, Genshiken,  Witchblade, Peach Girl and Koi Kaze, among others.

Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album
The Grammy Award for Best Global Music Album is an honor presented to recording artists for influential music from around the globe at the Grammy Awards, a ceremony that was established in 1958 and originally called the Gramophone Awards. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to "honor artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the recording industry, without regard to album sales or chart position".
Manipuri Vaishnavism
Manipuri Vaishnavism, also known as Meitei Vaishnavism, is a regional variant of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, a subsect of the Vaishnavism sect of Hinduism, with a culture-forming role in the north-eastern Indian state of Manipur. Manipuri Vaishnavas do not worship Krishna alone, but as Radha-Krishna. With the spread of Vaishnavism, the worship of Krishna and Radha became the dominant form in the Manipur region. With every village there having a thakur-ghat and a temple.

Historically, King Charairongba was the first ruler of Manipur kingdom to formally adopt Vaishnavism as his family religion, though he did enforce the faith to his subjects, and the reign of King Chandrakirti Singh was the "Golden Period of Vaishnavism" in the Manipur.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
SMS G197
SMS G197 was a S-138-class large torpedo boat of the Imperial German Navy. She was built by the Germaniawerft shipyard at Kiel between 1910 and 1911, and was launched on 23 June 1911, entering service later that year.

G197 served throughout the First World War, taking part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914 and the Battle of the Gulf of Riga in August 1915. After the war, she was surrendered as a war reparation, and was scrapped in 1921.

Battle of the Gulf of Riga
The Battle of the Gulf of Riga was a World War I naval operation of the German High Seas Fleet against the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea in August 1915. The operation's objective was to destroy the Russian naval forces in the Gulf in preparation for landing German troops to facilitate the fall of Riga in the later stages of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in 1915. The German fleet, however, failed to achieve its objective and was forced to return to its bases; Riga remained in Russian hands until it fell to the German Army on 1 September 1917.
Leon Sabua
Leon Rustamovich Sabua (Abkhaz: Леон Русҭам-иҧа Сабуа; Russian: Леон Рустамович Сабуа; born 1 September 2000) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a centre forward, most recently for Armenian Premier League club Urartu.

FC Urartu
Football Club Urartu (Armenian: Ուրարտու Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ, translated Futbolayin Akumb Urartu), commonly known as Urartu, is an Armenian professional football team based in the capital Yerevan that currently plays in the Armenian Premier League. The club won the Armenian Cup four times, in 1992, 2007, 2016, and 2023. In 2013–2014, they won the Armenian Premier League for the first time in their history.

In early 2016, the Russia-based Armenian businessman Dzhevan Cheloyants became a co-owner of the club after purchasing the major part of the club shares. The club was known as FC Banants until 1 August 2019, when it was officially renamed FC Urartu.
Ashton, Idaho
Ashton is a city in Fremont County, Idaho, United States. The population was 949 at the 2020 census, and it is part of the Rexburg Micropolitan Statistical Area. The district is noted for seed potato production and bills itself as the world's largest seed potato growing area.

St. Anthony, Idaho
St. Anthony or Saint Anthony is a city in and the county seat of Fremont County, Idaho, United States. The population was 3,606 at the 2020 census, up from 3,542 in 2010. It is part of the Rexburg, Idaho Micropolitan Statistical Area.
The Reader (1988 film)
The Reader (French: La Lectrice) is a 1988 French film directed by Michel Deville. The film won that year's Louis Delluc Prize, and was nominated for nine César Awards including Best Supporting Actor, won by Patrick Chesnais.

Louis Delluc Prize
The Louis Delluc Prize (French: Prix Louis-Delluc [pʁi lwi dɛlyk]) is a French film award presented annually since 1937. The award is bestowed to the Best Film and Best First Film of the year on the second week of each December. The jury is composed of 20 members, consisting of a group of film critics and figures who are culturally significant. Gilles Jacob is the president. The meeting is at le Fouquet's restaurant  in Champs-Élysées.

The award was created in 1937 in view of the decision of the Académie française to award its Grand Prix du Cinema to films that were created by French filmmakers. Twenty-four film critics including Maurice Bessy and Marcel Idzkowski established the prize to honor Louis Delluc (1890–1924), the first French journalist to specialize in cinema and founder of the ciné-clubs. It is nicknamed the "Goncourt of cinema".
G. Aaron Youngquist
Gustav Aaron Youngquist (4 November 1885 – 29 October 1959) was a Swedish-American lawyer and public prosecutor. He served as Minnesota Attorney General and as the Assistant U.S. Attorney General who successfully prosecuted Al Capone for federal income tax evasion.

Minnesota Attorney General
The attorney general of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Thirty individuals have held the office of Attorney General since statehood. The incumbent is Keith Ellison, a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party member.
Suicide of Vince Foster
Deputy White House counsel Vince Foster was found dead in Fort Marcy Park off the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Virginia, outside Washington, D.C., on July 20, 1993. Foster's death was ruled a suicide by five official investigations, though conspiracy theories speculating foul play emerged.

Fort Marcy (Virginia)
Fort Marcy was a Union fortification protecting Washington, D.C. during the American Civil War. Its remains are now administered by the National Park Service as part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway in Fairfax County, Virginia.
ALMS Conference
The Archives, Libraries, Museums and Special Collections (ALMS) Conference is an international event focussed on the work by public, private, academic, and grassroots organisations which are collecting, capture and preserving archives of LGBTQ+ experiences, to ensure their histories continue to be documented and share

The first GLBT ALMS Conference was held in Minnesota in 2006, co-hosted by the Tretter Collection and the Quatrefoil Library. The London conference in 2016 focused on exploring margins, borders, barriers and intersections of LGBTQ+ historical research and collecting, while the 2019 conference in Berlin focused on exploring the potential of generating audiences for queer archives, libraries, museums and special collections, with a special emphasis on the arts and artistic interventions.

Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies
The Jean-Nickolaus Tretter Collection in Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Studies is a collection of LGBT historical materials housed in the Special Collections and Rare Books section of the University of Minnesota Libraries. It is located underground in the Elmer L. Andersen special collections facilities on the University of Minnesota's Minneapolis campus. The Tretter Collection houses over 40,000 items, making it the largest LGBT archive in the Upper Midwest and one of the largest GLBT history collections in the United States.  The collection, which was created by Jean-Nickolaus Tretter, is international in scope and is varied in media.
Ryan Christie
Ryan Christie (born 22 February 1995) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or winger for Premier League club Bournemouth and the Scotland national team.

Christie began his career with Inverness Caledonian Thistle before joining Celtic in 2015, and had two spells on loan at Aberdeen. He has also represented the Scotland under-21 and full national teams.

Scotland national under-21 football team
The Scotland national under-21 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national under 21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team.

As a European under-21 team, Scotland compete in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is usually held every other year. The team has qualified for the final stages of these Championships on six occasions, although not since 1996. There is no global tournament for under-21 national teams. Performance in the European Championship determines qualification for football at the Summer Olympics, which Scotland is unable to compete in.
Texas Recreational Road 2
Recreational Road 2 (RE 2) is a Recreational Road located in Val Verde County in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Texas. The highway is approximately 7.2 miles (11.6 km) in length, and connects the Rough Canyon Colonia portion of the Amistad National Recreation Area to U.S. Highway 277 (US 227) and US 377. The roadway travels through mainly rural areas. A road first appeared in the location of RE 2 around 1940. RE 2 was officially designated in June 1970, and was just the second Recreational Road formed at the time.

U.S. Route 377
U.S. Route 377 (US 377) is a 478-mile-long (769 km) north–south United States highway. Originally formed as a short spur to connect Denton and Fort Worth, Texas, it has since been extended northward into Oklahoma and southward to Del Rio, Texas, near the U.S. border with Mexico.
Choa Chu Kang
Choa Chu Kang (locally /ˌtʃwɑː ˌtʃuː ˈkɑːŋ/), alternatively spelled  Chua Chu Kang and often abbreviated as CCK, is a planning area and residential town located at the northwestern point of the West Region of Singapore. The town shares borders with Sungei Kadut to the north, Tengah to the southwest, Bukit Batok to the southeast, Bukit Panjang to the east and the Western Water Catchment to the west. Choa Chu Kang New Town is separated into two portions by the Kranji Expressway.

Originally a kampung, the area has been rapidly developed under the ambition of the Housing and Development Board, to transform it into a modern township. The town comprises six subzones, five of which are the most densely populated: Choa Chu Kang Central, Choa Chu Kang North, Yew Tee, Teck Whye, and Keat Hong.

Kranji Expressway
The Kranji Expressway (abbreviation: KJE) in Singapore connects from the BKE in Bukit Panjang and travels south-west to join with the PIE in Jurong West. Construction of the expressway started in 1990 and was completed in 1994. The expressway is also the second shortest of all the expressways in Singapore at about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi), with the shortest currently being the Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE).
Xavier Silas
Xavier James Silas (born January 22, 1988) is an American basketball coach and former player who is currently the associate head coach at the Virginia Military Institute. He played college basketball for the Colorado Buffaloes and Northern Illinois Huskies.

Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball
The Northern Illinois Huskies men's basketball team represents Northern Illinois University (NIU) in DeKalb, Illinois. The school's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 1996.