hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhamed Mechbal
Muhamed Mechbal (Arabic:محمد مشبال) is a Moroccan academic and critic. He is currently the head of Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis team is the College of Arts in Abdelmalek Essaadi University in Tétouan. He won the King Faisal International Prize in Arabic language and literature in its 43rd round in 2021.

King Faisal Prize
The King Faisal Prize (Arabic: جائزة الملك فيصل, formerly King Faisal International Prize), is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation presented to "dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".  The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.

The first King Faisal Prize was awarded to the Pakistani scholar Abul A'la Maududi in 1979 for his service to Islam. In 1981, Khalid of Saudi Arabia received the same award.  In 1984, Fahd of Saudi Arabia was the recipient of the award. In 1986, this prize was co-awarded to Ahmed Deedat and French Roger Garaudy.
Pinipig
Pinipig is a flattened rice ingredient from the Philippines. It is made of immature grains of glutinous rice pounded until flat before being toasted. It is commonly used as toppings for various desserts in Filipino cuisine, but can also be eaten plain, made into cakes, or mixed with drinks and other dishes.

Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa; also called sticky rice, sweet rice or waxy rice) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast Asia and the northeastern regions of South Asia, which has opaque grains and very low amylose content and is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely consumed across Asia.

It is called glutinous (Latin: glūtinōsus) in the sense of being glue-like or sticky, and not in the sense of containing gluten (which, like all rice, it does not). While often called sticky rice, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also becomes sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include japonica, indica and tropical japonica strains.
Valmai
Valmai is an English feminine given name derived from the Welsh phrase fel Mai, meaning  "like May," that was invented by Welsh bestselling novelist Allen Raine for the heroine of her 1899 romance novel  By Berwen Banks. The 1920 British silent romance movie By Berwin Banks was based upon the novel and starred Eileen Magrath as Valmai Powell, Girls in English-speaking countries were named after the romantic heroine. The name has multiple spelling variants.

Allen Raine
Allen Raine was the pseudonym of the Welsh novelist Anne Adalisa Beynon Puddicombe (6 October 1836 – 21 June 1908), who was born in Newcastle Emlyn. Her novels had sold more than two million copies by 1912.
Apophatus parvus
Apophatus parvus is a moth of the  family Palaephatidae. It was described by Donald R. Davis in 1986. It is found in the Valdivian forest zone of southern Chile.

The length of the forewings is about 3.8 mm for males and about 4 mm for females. They are on wing in February in one generation per year.

Palaephatidae
Palaephatoidea is a superfamily of insects in the order Lepidoptera with a single family, Palaephatidae with seven known genera. These "Gondwanaland moths"  exhibit a disjunct distribution occurring mainly in South America (Davis, 1986), with four species in eastern Australia and Tasmania and one in South Africa (Davis, 1999). The larvae spin together leaves of Proteaceae (Ptyssoptera) or Verbenaceae (Azaleodes) (Nielsen, 1987). Palaephatoidea, a typical monotrysian group, is one two main candidates as the sister group of most of the Lepidoptera, the Ditrysia (see Tischerioidea and also Wiegmann et al., 2002). The center of distribution of the Palaephatidae is concentrated in cool, moist regions of temperate forest dominated by Nothofagus and associated vegetation in Southern Chile (Davis, 1986).
Miatta Fahnbulleh (politician)
Miatta Nema Fahnbulleh (born 29 September 1979) is a British politician and economist. A member of Labour Co-op, she was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Peckham in the 2024 general election. She is considered to belong to the soft left of the Labour Party. She has served as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government since 2025.

Soft left
The soft left, also known as the open left, inside left and historically as the Tribunite left, is a faction within the British Labour Party. The term "soft left" was coined to distinguish the mainstream left, represented by former leader Michael Foot, from the hard left, represented by Tony Benn. People belonging to the soft left may be called soft leftists or Tribunites. As of 2025, it is the largest faction in the Parliamentary Labour Party.
Integrated safe system of work
Integrated safe system of work (ISSOW) is used in hazardous industry to request, review, approve and document tasks to be carried out by frontline workers. It integrates permit-to-work, risk assessment and isolation management under a single electronic system, providing safety improvements to the user.

Thought to have originated in the North Sea upstream oil industry it was actually used several years before within the Power Industry, ISSoW software now forms a significant segment of the enterprise software market.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment is a process for identifying hazards, potential (future) events which may negatively impact on individuals, assets, and/or the environment because of those hazards, their likelihood and consequences, and actions which can mitigate these effects. The output from such a process may also be called a risk assessment. Hazard analysis forms the first stage of a risk assessment process. Judgments "on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of a risk analysis" (i.e. risk evaluation) also form part of the process. The results of a risk assessment process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion.

Risk assessment forms a key part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences.
Commander, Naval Surface Force Pacific
The Commander, Naval Surface Force Pacific (COMNAVSURFPAC) is the type commander for the Surface Force under the United States Pacific Fleet. The COMNAVSURFPAC is also the Commander, Naval Surface Forces (COMNAVSURFOR) and the Commander, Surface Warfare Enterprise. The position is typically held by a  Vice-Admiral. From 1978 onwards, the headquarters has been located at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, Coronado, California.

Commander, Naval Surface Force Atlantic
The Commander, Naval Surface Force, Atlantic (COMNAVSURFLANT) is the surface force type commander (TYCOM) under the United States Fleet Forces Command. As Naval Surface Force Atlantic, it is a military formation, and the organization is often known as SURFLANT. Its headquarters are at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia. The current commander is Rear Admiral Joseph F. Cahill III. COMNAVSURFLANT supervises all surface ships based on the Eastern United States and Gulf Coast of the United States, as well as ships forward deployed to Naval Station Rota, Spain.
Orchomenus (Arcadia)
Orchomenus or Orchomenos (Greek: Ὀρχομενός) was an ancient city of Arcadia, Greece, called by Thucydides (v. 61) the Arcadian Orchomenus (Ὀρχομενός ὁ Ἀρκαδικός), to distinguish it from the Boeotian town.

Originating as a prehistoric settlement, Orchomenus became one of the powerful cities in West Arcadia along with Tegea and Mantineia. The heyday of the city was between 7th–6th century BC and it became a rich city which minted its own currency.

Its ruins are near the modern village of Orchomenos (before 1963: Καλπάκι, Kalpaki).

Mantinea
Mantinea (/ˌmæntəˈniːə/; Greek: Μαντίνεια Mantineia; also Koine Greek Ἀντιγόνεια Antigoneia) was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.

In modern times it is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli, of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat was the village of Nestani (pop. 486 in 2011). It is located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. The municipal unit has a land area of 205.393 km2 and a population of 1,693 inhabitants (2021). Its largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas.
Trapped by Television
Trapped by Television is a 1936 American comedy-drama crime science fiction film directed by Del Lord and starring Mary Astor, Lyle Talbot and Nat Pendleton. The film is also known as Caught by Television in the United Kingdom.

Nat Pendleton
Nathaniel Greene Pendleton (August 9, 1895 – October 12, 1967) was an American Olympic wrestler, film actor, and stage performer. His younger brother, Edmund J. Pendleton (1899–1987), was a well-known music composer and choir master and organist for the American Church in Paris.
Palatine GAA
Palatine GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Bennekerry, County Carlow in Ireland. It draws players mainly from the parish of Bennekerry, including the townlands of Brownshill, Ducketsgrove, Kernanstown, Russellstown and Palatine, County Carlow.

The club was founded in 1909 and has won seven Carlow Senior Football Championships and one Carlow Senior Hurling Championship in its history.

Carlow Senior Hurling Championship
The Carlow Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Carlow GAA clubs.

St Mullin's are the title holders, having defeating Mount Leinster Rangers in the 2024 Final.
Florence Mall (Kentucky)
Florence Mall is an indoor shopping mall in Florence, Kentucky, United States. Built in 1976 by Homart Development Company, the mall originally featured Sears, Shillito's, Pogue's, and JCPenney as its four anchor stores. The mall features over 100 stores and a food court. Another notable feature of the mall is the Florence Y'all Water Tower on the mall property; this water tower originally bore the mall's name, but was altered prior to the mall's opening. The mall's anchor stores are JCPenney and two locations of Macy's, with the former location of Sears being vacant. Florence Mall is owned and managed by Namdar Realty Group.

H. & S. Pogue Company
The H. & S. Pogue Company, also known as Pogue's, was a Cincinnati, Ohio–based department store chain founded by two brothers, Henry and Samuel Pogue. Founded in 1863, it became one of the most prominent department store chains in the region, until it was sold in 1961 to Associated Dry Goods.
Rhiwlas, Llandderfel
Rhiwlas is an estate about 1 km (0.62 mi) to the north of the town of Bala, Gwynedd, Wales. It has been in the possession of the Price family for over four centuries. Rhiwlas Hall, a Regency extravaganza, was demolished in the 1950s and replaced by a smaller house designed by Clough Williams-Ellis. Many of the estate buildings remain and are listed structures, and the hall's gardens and landscaped park, landscaped by William Emes, are listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales is a heritage register of significant historic parks and gardens in Wales. It is maintained by Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and was given statutory status in 2022.
Banu Najiyah revolt
The Banu Najiyah Revolt was a Kharijite uprising against the authority of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib led by Al-Khirrit bin Rashid who was previously Ali's governor of Ahwaz. Khirrit gathered support from various factions that had refused to pay the Sadaqah tax and were generally opposed to Ali during the turmoil of the First Fitna. Khirrit also gained support from local Christians and fought against Ali's forces on the coasts of the Persian Gulf, where he was ultimately defeated.

Battle of Siffin
The Battle of Siffin (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة صِفِّينَ, romanized: Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the Iraqi Arab forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the Syrian Arab forces of the rebelling long-time governor of the Levant, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates river. The fighting stopped after the Syrians called for arbitration when Ali's forces had gained the upper hand, to which Ali reluctantly agreed under pressure from some of his troops. The arbitration process ended inconclusively in 658 though it strengthened the Syrians' support for Mu'awiya and his political position while weakening the authority of Ali and causing dissension among the Iraqis. The battle was part of the First Fitna and is considered a major step towards the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Lee Erwin (footballer)
Lee Harry Erwin (born 19 March 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Jordanian Pro League club Al-Faisaly. He is a Scottish youth international, having played at the under-17, under-18 and under-19 levels.

Erwin has played for various sides in Scotland (namely Motherwell, Arbroath, Kilmarnock, Ross County and St Mirren) and England (Leeds United, Bury and Oldham Athletic). He also played in Iran for Tractor in 2018–19, in Finland for Haka in 2022 and in Lebanon for Ahed in 2022–23.

Arbroath F.C.
Arbroath Football Club is a semi-professional Scottish football club based in the town of Arbroath, Angus. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded in 1878 and plays home matches at Gayfield Park. They play in maroon strips and are nicknamed "The Red Lichties" due to the red light that used to guide fishing boats back from the North Sea to the Burgh's harbour. The Red Lichties share a long-standing and fierce rivalry with local neighbours Montrose, as well as with fellow local sides Forfar Athletic and Brechin City.
Qosqophryne
Qosqophryne is a genus of strabomantid frogs. These frogs are endemic to south-eastern Peru in the Cusco Region at 3270 to 3800 meters above sea level. A phylogenetic analysis found Qosqophryne as sister to the genus Microkayla and that this clade was more closely related to Noblella and Psychrophrynella than to other species in Bryophryne.

Noblella
Noblella is a genus of frogs in the family Strabomantidae. They are found on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in the Amazon Basin in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and western Brazil. The name refers to Gladwyn K. Noble, who described the first species.
Howard Harvey
Westley Howard Harvey (21 October 1877 – 1904) was an English footballer who played as a centre forward for Aston Villa, Burslem Port Vale and Manchester City in the Football League in the 1890s and early 1900s. He played in the Southern League for Watford, and was also on the books of Walsall Town Swifts, Small Heath, West Bromwich United, Burton United, Darlaston and Glentoran.

Glentoran F.C.
Glentoran Football Club is a professional football club based in East Belfast, Northern Ireland, that plays in the NIFL Premiership. The club was founded in 1882 and has since won more than 130 major honours. They are one of three Northern Irish teams to have never been relegated.
Sigma Films
Sigma Films  is a film production company based in Glasgow, Scotland. The company was formed in 1996 by Gillian Berrie, David Mackenzie and Alastair Mackenzie – a producer, director and actor respectively. Over the last twenty years the company has been responsible for film releases including Starred Up (2013),  Under the Skin (2013), Perfect Sense (2011), Hallam Foe (2007), Red Road (2006), Young Adam (2003) and Dear Frankie (2004). In 2017, Sigma began production on big-budget historical epic Outlaw King for Netflix.

The company regularly co-produces films with international partners such as Lars von Trier's company Zentropa Entertainments – including Dogville (2003), Manderlay (2005), After the Wedding (2006), Dear Wendy (2004), Brothers (2004) and Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself (2002).

Sigma have their production and post-production facility at Film City Glasgow.

Starred Up
Starred Up is a 2013 British prison crime drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Jonathan Asser. Starring Jack O'Connell, Ben Mendelsohn and Rupert Friend, the film is based on Jonathan Asser's experiences working as a voluntary therapist at HM Prison Wandsworth, with some of the country's most violent criminals. The title refers to the early transfer of a criminal from a Young Offender Institution to an adult prison.
Monotone (song)
"Monotone" (Japanese: モノトーン, Hepburn: Monotōn) is a song by Japanese duo Yoasobi for the 2024 Japanese animated film Fureru as a theme. It was released as a single on October 1, 2024, by Echoes and Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The song was written by Ayase and based on the short story Fureru. no, Zen'ya. written by the film's writer Mari Okada.

Ayase (music producer)
Ayase (born April 4, 1994) is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as a vocaloid producer and songwriter for Yoasobi, a musical duo composed of himself and vocalist Ikura. He was also a vocalist of the rock band Davinci until its disbandment in 2020.
Tumansky R-79V-300
The Tumansky R-79V-300. is an afterburning turbofan developed by NPO Soyuz in the Soviet Union, now AMNTK Soyuz in Russia.  The R-79 is a vectored-thrust afterburning turbofan used as powerplant for the supersonic Yak-141 vertical takeoff/landing (VTOL) fighter aircraft  designed by Yakovlev to replace the Yak-38

Yakovlev Yak-38
The Yakovlev Yak-38 (Russian: Яковлев Як-38; NATO reporting name: "Forger") was Soviet Naval Aviation's only operational VTOL strike aircraft in addition to being its first operational carrier-based fixed-wing aircraft. It was developed specifically for, and served almost exclusively on, the Kiev-class aircraft carriers (heavy aviation cruiser in Soviet classification).
Dali–Ruili railway
The Dali–Ruili railway or Darui railway (大瑞铁路), is a single-track electrified railway under construction in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. The line is slated to run 336.39 km (209 mi) from Dali to Ruili on the border with Myanmar. The line traverses rugged terrain, and bridges and tunnels will account for 75% of the total track length, including the 34.5 km Gaoligongshan Tunnel through the Gaoligong Mountains.

Construction began in May 2011 and was scheduled to take six years. However, this has been repeatedly delayed, and as of 2019, the railway is scheduled to open only in 2022. The initial section from Dali to Baoshan opened on 22 July 2022. In the same year, the construction of the sector from Baoshan to Pupiao started.

The line will have a design speed of 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph). Cities and counties along route include Dali, Yangbi Yi Autonomous County, Yongping County, Baoshan, Pupiao (蒲缥镇), Mangshi and Ruili.

Dali City
Dali City (Chinese: 大理市, Bai: Dallit sil or Guiphet) is the county-level seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan, China. Dali City is administered through 12 township-level districts, two of which are also commonly referred to as Dali.

Xiaguan (下关) is the modern city centre and usually conflated with Dali City by virtue of being its seat. This town is the destination of most long-distance transportation heading to Dali and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town (大理新镇) to avoid confusion.

Dali Town (大理镇), formerly known as Tali, is another division of Dali City, located 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Xiaguan. This town, commonly referred to as Dali Old Town (大理古城) to distinguish it from the city seat in Xiaguan, is usually the Dali referred to in tourist publications. The old town is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Yunnan, known for its natural scenery, historical and cultural heritage, and vibrant nightlife.
Denmark–Norway relations
Denmark and Norway have a very long history together: they were both part of the Kalmar Union between 1397 and 1523, and Norway was in a Union with Denmark between 1524 and 1814.

The two countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway ended its union with Sweden. Denmark has an embassy in Oslo and Norway has an embassy in Copenhagen.

Both countries are full members of the Nordic Council, Council of the Baltic Sea States, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Arctic Council, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization. There are around 15,000 Norwegians living in Denmark and around 20,000 Danes living in Norway.

Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret of Denmark. From 1397 to 1523, it joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including much of present-day Finland), and Norway, together with Norway's maritime colonies (then including Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland).

The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. Legally, the countries remained separate sovereign states, but their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. Gustav Vasa's election as King of Sweden on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm 11 days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. The Danish king formally renounced his claim to Sweden in 1524 at the Treaty of Malmö.
Monotone likelihood ratio
In statistics, the monotone likelihood ratio property is a property of the ratio of two probability density functions (PDFs). Formally, distributions  and  bear the property if

that is, if the ratio is nondecreasing in the argument .

If the functions are first-differentiable, the property may sometimes be stated

For two distributions that satisfy the definition with respect to some argument  we say they "have the MLRP in " For a family of distributions that all satisfy the definition with respect to some statistic  we say they "have the MLR in "

Uniformly most powerful test
In statistical hypothesis testing, a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test is a hypothesis test which has the greatest power  among all possible tests of a given size α. For example, according to the Neyman–Pearson lemma, the likelihood-ratio test is UMP for testing simple (point) hypotheses.
9th Auxiliary Squadron
The 9th Auxiliary Squadron, also referred to in the media as the 9th Auxiliary and Mine Warfare Squadron, is one of the six squadrons of the Pakistan Navy and serves as one of the two units responsible for auxiliary fleet operations. It is the largest squadron under the Surface Fleet, officially referred to as the Surface Warriors, based on the number of ships. The squadron is primarily designed to provide logistical support and operational assistance to warships. It consists of nine ships, including two fleet tankers, two coastal tankers, two small utility ships, and three minehunters.

The 9th Auxiliary Squadron, with its leading ship PNS Nasr, contributes to long-range helicopter operations, equipped with anti-ship missiles and torpedoes for both offensive and defensive roles.

PNS Nasr
PNS Nasr (A47) is a Type 905 replenishment oiler of the Pakistan Navy. The oiler was constructed in the People's Republic of China by the Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company and entered service in 1987.