hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Longueville, New South Wales
Longueville is a harbourside suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, 8 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Municipality of Lane Cove.

Longueville sits on the peninsula between Tambourine Bay and Woodford Bay, on the banks of the Lane Cove River. Originally a home to manufacturing industries, the suburb had its beginnings as a residential area in the 1870s. Longueville was officially proclaimed a suburb in the 1920s.

Before settlement, Longueville was the home of the Cammeraygal people of the Ku-ring-gai Aboriginal Tribe. The suburb has high house prices, in the top ten suburbs in Australia, with an average price of $6,346,000 as of August 2024.

Kuringgai
Kuringgai (also spelled Ku-ring-gai, Kuring-gai, Guringai, Kuriggai) ([kuriŋɡai],) is an ethnonym misapplied to an  Indigenous Australian people who once occupied the territory between the southern borders of the Gamilaraay and the area around Sydney, and a historical people with its own distinctive language, located in part of that territory.
Sonny Borrelli
Sonny Borrelli is an American politician and a Republican former member of the Arizona Senate, representing the 30th district. He was the Senate Majority Leader from 2023 to 2025. Borrelli formerly served in the Arizona House of Representatives as a representative of District 5, from January 14, 2013, to January 9, 2017.

Arizona House of Representatives
The Arizona House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arizona Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Arizona. The upper house is the Senate. The House convenes in the legislative chambers at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix. Its members are elected to two-year terms, with a term limit of four consecutive terms (eight years). Each of the state's 30 legislative districts elects two state house representatives and one state senator, with each district having a population of at least 203,000.

The last election occurred on November 5, 2024, with the Republican Party securing a majority in the House.
Krishna (politician)
Krishna (1 July 1941 – 21 May 2021) was an Indian politician, former speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly and member of the Janata Dal (Secular) from the state of Karnataka.
He was born in Kothamaranahally village (Krishnarajpet Taluk, Mandya district). He died on 21 May 2021 in Mysore, Karnataka.

Mandya district
Mandya district is an administrative district of Karnataka, India. The district Mandya was carved out of larger Mysore district in the year 1939.

Mandya is the main town in Mandya district. As of 2011, the district population was 1,808,680 (of which 16.03% was urban).
2025 ASB Classic – Men's singles
Gaël Monfils defeated Zizou Bergs in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2025 ASB Classic. It was his 13th ATP Tour title. Aged 38 years and 131 days old, Monfils became the oldest men's singles champion on the ATP Tour since its establishment in 1990, and the fourth-oldest men's singles tour-level champion in the Open Era.

Alejandro Tabilo was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nishesh Basavareddy.

Nishesh Basavareddy
Nishesh Basavareddy (born May 2, 2005) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 99 achieved on 23 June 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 676 reached on 25 November 2024.
Len Anderson IV
Leonard F. Anderson IV (born c. 1971) is a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who serves as the commander of United States Marine Corps Reserve and United States Marine Corps Forces, South. He also served as the commanding general of the 4th Marine Aircraft Wing.

In April 2023, Anderson was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as commander of the United States Marine Corps Reserve and United States Marine Corps Forces, South.

United States Marine Corps Forces, South
The United States Marine Forces, South (abbreviated as MARFORSOUTH), headquartered in New Orleans, Louisiana, is the Marine Corps service component of the United States Southern Command. The commander of MARFORSOUTH is in charge of all Marine units assigned to Southern Command, advises the commander of Southern Command on the usage of Marines, and oversees the planning and implementation of Marine deployments in the region. Their main tasks include assisting marine and naval infantry forces in Latin America, humanitarian relief, peacekeeping, and counter-terrorism.
Rash
A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.

Erythema
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek  erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.
Manbij Revolutionaries Battalion
The Manbij Revolutionaries Battalion (Arabic: كتائب ثوار منبج, Kurdish: Suwar el-Minbic, Turkish: Menbic Devrimci Taburları), also simply known as Manbij Revolutionaries (Arabic: ثوار منبج), is a Syrian militia that is part of the Syrian Democratic Forces' Manbij Military Council and operates in the Aleppo Governorate. Members of the unit have declared that their primary goal is to drive the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from Syria, and to establish a democratic, inclusionist government in the country.

Manbij Military Council
The Manbij Military Council (MMC) is a coalition established by several groups in the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), primarily the Northern Sun Battalion, on 2 April 2016 at the Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates. The MMC led the SDF's Manbij offensive from June 2016 that led to the capture of the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant two months later. Most fighters in the MMC are from Manbij and the surrounding areas.
Juliette Whittaker
Juliette Whittaker (born December 1, 2003) is an American middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres. She is a two-time NCAA 800 m champion and represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Roisin Willis
Roisin Willis (born August 6, 2004) is an American middle-distance runner. She won the 800 meters at the 2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, having previously won gold medals at the 2022 World Under-20 Championships in the women's 800 metres and the 4x400 m relay.

Willis is a two-time NCAA champion in the 800 metres.
Saint Helena football team
The Saint Helena football team represents the island of  Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. Saint Helena is not affiliated with FIFA but is a member of the International Island Games Association.

Saint Helena played their first match in 1949 and made their international debut at the 2019 Inter Games Football Tournament. They also competed at the 2023 Island Games in Guernsey. They have only ever won one match – a 2–0 win in a friendly against Holyhead Hotspur reserves.

2019 Inter Games Football Tournament
The 2019 Inter Games Football Tournament was an association football tournament which was held between 15 and 22 June 2019 in Anglesey, Wales. It was organised due to the hosts of the 2019 Island Games, Gibraltar being unable to run a tournament due to lack of pitches. As football is one of the most popular sports at the games it was decided to hold the matches elsewhere, albeit with the results not officially part of the Island Games history.

It was announced on 1 May 2018 that the Welsh island had been chosen as the preferred venue to host. In August of that year 12 clubs put forward their names to hold matches and the draw for both the men's and women's competitions were made on 19 November by Wayne Hennessey and Osian Roberts. The sponsors of the games were Anglesey based Huws Gray builders merchants.
West Virginia Route 5
West Virginia Route 5 is an east–west state highway located in northwest West Virginia. The western terminus is at West Virginia Route 14 in Elizabeth, Wirt County. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 19 and West Virginia Route 4 in Heaters, Braxton County four miles (6 km) north of Interstate 79 exit 67. Almost all of WV 5 parallels the Little Kanawha River.

Originally, the eastern terminus began 4.4 miles (7.1 km) further north along US 19/WV 4 at Napier, but this part of the route became one of West Virginia's unused highways when it was closed in the mid-1970s to make way for Burnsville Lake.

West Virginia Route 14
West Virginia Route 14 is a north–south state highway in the western portion of the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 33 in Spencer, Roane County. The northern terminus is at Interstate 77 exit 185 and West Virginia Route 31 on the southern outskirts of Williamstown, Wood County.

The portion of the road from Williamstown to Mineral Wells in Wood County was part of U.S. Route 21 until US 21 was decommissioned statewide in 1974.
Charles C. Rich
Charles Coulson Rich (August 21, 1809 – November 17, 1883) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He led one of the first groups of Mormon pioneers west from Illinois under the leadership of Brigham Young after Joseph Smith's murder.

Rich was chosen and served as an apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) under Brigham Young after the Church settled in Utah Territory. President Young asked Rich to open up San Bernardino, California, for settlement in 1850, and Bear Lake Valley, located in Utah and Idaho, in 1863. Rich founded many communities in Bear Lake Valley, including Paris, Montpelier, Fish Haven, Ovid, Georgetown, St. Charles, Bloomington, Bennington, Wardboro, Dingle, Glencoe and Pegram in Idaho, and Garden City, Meadowville, and Laketown in Utah.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
Sterrhoptilus
Sterrhoptilus is a songbird genus recently separated from Stachyris.  It used to be placed in the family Timaliidae. With other "Old World babblers" of the genus Yuhina, it was recently determined to be better placed in the family Zosteropidae.

The genus contains the following four species:

Rusty-crowned babbler, Sterrhoptilus capitalis

Golden-crowned babbler, Sterrhoptilus dennistouni

Calabarzon babbler, Sterrhoptilus affinis – split from S. nigrocapitatus

Visayan babbler, Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus

Visayan babbler
The Visayan babbler (Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus) also known as the Visayan Black-crowned Babbler. is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is found on Samar, Leyte and Bohol. Its natural habitat is  tropical moist lowland forest. It was formerly conspecific to the northern population of the Calabarzon black-crowned babbler but has since been split as a species due to differences in its yellowish throat and whiter belly.
Riders of the Frontier
Riders of the Frontier, also known as Ridin' the Frontier, is a 1939 American Western film directed by Spencer Gordon Bennett and starring Tex Ritter with his horse "White Flash". It is a remake of the 1936 film The Cattle Thief.

Tex Ritter
Woodward Maurice "Tex" Ritter (January 12, 1905 – January 2, 1974) was an American country music singer and actor. He was the patriarch of the Ritter acting family (son John Ritter, grandsons Jason Ritter and Tyler Ritter). He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Johann Gottlieb Hensel
Johann Gottlieb Hensel (1728–1787) was a German actor. He was associated with some of the leading theatres of the 18th century, such as the Ackermann Company in Hamburg, the Hamburg National Theatre and the Seyler Theatre Company, and was mentioned by Lessing in the Hamburg Dramaturgy and lauded for his portrayal of comic old people and servants. He is however best known as the first husband of the far more prominent actress Friederike Sophie Hensel, later Seyler (née Sparmann), a prominent figure in the history of theatre in the 18th century.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (/ˈlɛsɪŋ/; German: [ˈɡɔthɔlt ˈeːfʁa.ɪm ˈlɛsɪŋ] ⓘ; 22 January 1729 – 15 February 1781) was a German philosopher, dramatist, publicist and art critic, and a representative of the Enlightenment era. His plays and theoretical writings substantially influenced the development of German literature. He is widely considered by theatre historians to be the first dramaturg in his role at Abel Seyler's Hamburg National Theatre.

The word Dramaturgy first appears in his work Hamburg Dramaturgy.
Reis ül-Küttab
The Reis ül-Küttab (Ottoman Turkish: رئيس الكتاب), or Reis Efendi (رئیس آفندی), was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Translated as "chief of the scribes" or "head clerk", the holder of the post was originally the head of the chancery of the Imperial Council, evolving into an analogue to a Foreign Minister. In 1836, the title of reis ül-küttab was formally changed to Foreign Minister (Hariciye Nazırı) with the establishment of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the Tanzimat reforms.

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).
Daniela Nuțu-Gajić
Daniela Nuțu-Gajić (born Daniela Silvia Nuțu; 8 June 1957) is a Romanian Australian chess Woman Grandmaster (WGM) and chess trainer. She represented Romania in seven Chess Olympiads, winning five medals, including two individual gold medals. She won the Romanian Women's Chess Championship three times in 1978, 1979 and 1980, the Yugoslav Women's Chess Championship in 1989, and the Australian Women's Chess Championship in 1995.

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Darkforest
Darkforest is a computer go program developed by Meta Platforms, based on deep learning techniques using a convolutional neural network. Its updated version Darkfores2 combines the techniques of its predecessor with Monte Carlo tree search. The MCTS effectively takes tree search methods commonly seen in computer chess programs and randomizes them. With the update, the system is known as Darkfmcts3.

Darkforest is of similar strength to programs like CrazyStone and Zen. It has been tested against a professional human player at the 2016 UEC cup. Google's AlphaGo program won against a professional player in October 2015 using a similar combination of techniques.

Darkforest is named after Liu Cixin's science fiction novel The Dark Forest.

Monte Carlo tree search
In computer science, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is a heuristic search algorithm for some kinds of decision processes, most notably those employed in software that plays board games. In that context MCTS is used to solve the game tree.

MCTS was combined with neural networks in 2016 and has been used in multiple board games like Chess, Shogi, Checkers, Backgammon, Contract Bridge, Go, Scrabble, and Clobber as well as in turn-based-strategy video games (such as Total War: Rome II's implementation in the high level campaign AI) and applications outside of games.
Kenneth K. Mei
Kenneth Kwan Hsiang Mei (Chinese: 梅冠香; May 19, 1932 – February 16, 2017) was a Taiwanese-American electrical engineer and academic, who was a professor emeritus at Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of California, Berkeley. From 1994 until his death, he was also a professor of electrical engineering at City University of Hong Kong. He is best known for his contributions to computational electromagnetics.

Computational electromagnetics
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers.

It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations to calculate antenna performance, electromagnetic compatibility, radar cross section and electromagnetic wave propagation when not in free space.  A large subfield is antenna modeling computer programs, which calculate the radiation pattern and electrical properties of radio antennas, and are widely used to design antennas for specific applications.
Minuscule 28
Minuscule 28, formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. It is designated by the siglum 28 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, and ε 168 in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the 11th-century. It contains marginal notes (marginalia), and has several gaps.

Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacuna (pl. lacunae or lacunas) is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or musical work. A manuscript, text, or section suffering from gaps is said to be "lacunose" or "lacunulose".

Weathering, decay, and other damage to old manuscripts or inscriptions are often responsible for lacunae - words, sentences, or whole passages that are missing or illegible. Palimpsests are particularly vulnerable. To reconstruct the original text, the context must be considered. In papyrology and textual criticism, this may lead to competing reconstructions and interpretations. Published texts that contain lacunae often mark the section where text is missing with a bracketed ellipsis. For example, "This sentence contains 20 words, and [...] nouns," or, "Finally, the army arrived at [...] and made camp."
Arthur Nevin
Arthur Finley Nevin (April 27, 1871 – July 10, 1943) was an American composer, conductor, teacher and musicologist. Along with Charles Wakefield Cadman, Blair Fairchild, Charles Sanford Skilton, and Arthur Farwell, among others, he was one of the leading Indianist composers of the early twentieth century.

Charles Wakefield Cadman
Charles Wakefield Cadman (December 24, 1881 – December 30, 1946) was an American composer. For 40 years, he worked closely with Nelle Richmond Eberhart, who wrote most of the texts to his songs, including Four American Indian Songs. She also wrote the librettos for his five operas, two of which were based on Indian themes. He composed in a wide variety of genres.
Vanja Marinković
Vanja Marinković (Serbian: Вања Маринковић, born 9 January 1997) is a Serbian professional basketball player and the team captain for Partizan Mozzart Bet of the Basketball League of Serbia (KLS), the ABA League and the EuroLeague. Standing at 1.99 m (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in), he plays at the shooting guard and small forward positions.

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)
Kalyanapuram Rangachari Parthasarathy (25 June 1936 – 14 June 2023) was an Indian statistician who was professor emeritus at the Indian Statistical Institute and a pioneer of quantum stochastic calculus. Parthasarathy was the recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Mathematical Science in 1977 and the TWAS Prize in 1996.

Quantum stochastic calculus
Quantum stochastic calculus is a generalization of stochastic calculus to noncommuting variables. The tools provided by quantum stochastic calculus are of great use for modeling the random evolution of systems undergoing measurement, as in quantum trajectories.: 148  Just as the Lindblad master equation provides a quantum generalization to the Fokker–Planck equation, quantum stochastic calculus allows for the derivation of quantum stochastic differential equations (QSDE) that are analogous to classical Langevin equations.

For the remainder of this article stochastic calculus will be referred to as classical stochastic calculus, in order to clearly distinguish it from quantum stochastic calculus.
Sindhooram (1997 film)
Sindhooram (transl. Vermilion) is a 1997 Indian Telugu-language crime drama film written and directed by Krishna Vamsi. The film stars Brahmaji and Sanghavi, with Ravi Teja and Soundarya (Geeta) in supporting roles. The film examines the complexities of Naxalism in Andhra Pradesh, focusing on the societal and emotional factors driving educated individuals to join the movement.

Although the film received critical acclaim for its portrayal of a sensitive subject, it was a commercial failure. Sindhooram won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu, was screened at the International Film Festival of India, and received five Nandi Awards.

Nandi Awards
The Nandi Awards were annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards were named after the monolithic sculpture of the sacred bull in Hinduism, Nandi, at Lepakshi, a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.

The Nandi Awards were categorised into four levels: Swarnam (Gold), Rajatam (Silver), Kamsyam (Bronze), and Raagi (Copper). In addition to film and television awards, the government also presented the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards to honour outstanding contributions in social, mythological, and poetic dramas in Telugu theatre.