hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Standard-dynamic-range video
Standard-dynamic-range video (SDR video) is a video technology which represents light intensity based on the brightness, contrast and color characteristics and limitations of a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. SDR video is able to represent a video or picture's colors with a maximum luminance around 100 cd/m2, a black level around 0.1 cd/m2 and Rec.709 / sRGB color gamut. It uses the gamma curve as its electro-optical transfer function.

The first CRT television sets were manufactured in 1934 and the first color CRT television sets were manufactured in 1954. The term "standard-dynamic-range video" was adopted to distinguish SDR video from high-dynamic-range video (HDR video), a new technology that was developed in the 2010s to overcome SDR's limits.

Rec. 709
ITU-R Recommendation 709, usually abbreviated Rec. 709, BT.709, or ITU-R 709, is a standard developed by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for image encoding and signal characteristics of high-definition television (HDTV).  The standard specifies a scheme for digital encoding of colors as triplets of small integers, a widescreen format with 1080 active lines per picture and 1920 square pixels per line (a 16:9 aspect ratio), as well as several details of signal capture, transmission, and display. While directed to HDTV, some of its specifications (such as the color encoding) have also been adopted for other uses.
Felipe Sanchón
Felipe Sanchón Huerta (born 8 April 1982) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

He played 199 Segunda División games over nine seasons, totalling 43 goals for Girona (six years), Granada, Gimnàstic and Hércules (one apiece).

Gimnàstic de Tarragona
Club Gimnàstic de Tarragona, commonly known as Gimnàstic Tarragona or sometimes just Nàstic, is a Spanish sports club based in Tarragona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Its football team plays in Primera Federación – Group 2.

The club was founded in 1886 and is one of the oldest football clubs in Spain. It has teams competing in athletics, basketball, tennis, gymnastics, table tennis and futsal, but a football team was not formed until 1914. The team enjoyed a three-year La Liga spell in its beginnings (1947–50).

Since 1972, the team has played home games at Nou Estadi Costa Daurada, which seats 14,591 spectators.
Jacob John Halley
Rev. Jacob John Halley (1834 – 19 January 1910) was a congressional minister and amateur naturalist. He was the first minister to be appointed to the district of the Lower Darling and Murrumbidgee and completed over 50 years in the public ministry in various locations around Victoria. He was a long-time secretary of the Congregational Union of Victoria and served as chairman from 1907 to 1909. He is also a former president of the Victorian Field Naturalists Club and former vice-president of the Microscopical Society of Victoria. He is the father of noted Australian physician and feminist Gertrude Halley.

Field Naturalists Club of Victoria
The Field Naturalists Club of Victoria (FNCV) is an Australian natural history and conservation organisation. The club is the oldest of its kind in Australia and is unique in having existed continuously since its foundation. Since its founding, the club has drawn its membership from the ranks of both amateur naturalists and professional scientists. This dual stream of members has continued into the 21st century, in which the club is well known for not only its scientific research output, but also numerous ongoing citizen science projects.

Since 1940 the FNCV has awarded the Australian Natural History Medallion to the person judged to have made the most meritorious contribution to the understanding of Australian natural history. Past winners include: Alex Chisholm (1940), Helen Aston (1979), Jack Hyett (1985), and Richard Shine (2009).

The FNCV is situated at 1 Gardenia St, Blackburn, in Melbourne's eastern suburbs. A range of services is available for members, including a bookshop.
Handshakes with Snakes
Handshakes With Snakes is the fifth solo studio album by American hip hop recording artist Apathy. It was released on June 10, 2016 through Dirty Version Records. Production, arrangement, sequencing, mixing and mastering duties were handled entirely by Apathy himself at The Danger Room in New London, Connecticut. It features guest appearances from O.C., Blacastan, B-Real, Bun B, Celph Titled, Kappa Gamma, Mariagrazia, Marvalyss, Nutso, Oh No, Pumpkinhead, Ras Kass, Sick Jacken, Spit Gemz and Twista.

The album did not reach the Billboard 200, however, it debuted at No. 36 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, No. 22 on the Top Rap Albums, No. 49 on the Independent Albums and No. 16 on the Heatseekers Albums charts in the United States.

The Instrumentals + Acapellas version of the album, composed of 24 tracks (omitting intro), was released on the same day.

Pumpkinhead (rapper)
Robert Alan Diaz  (September 17, 1975 – June 9, 2015) known by his stage name Pumpkinhead or P.H., was an American rapper and hip hop artist. He grew up in the Park Slope area of Brooklyn, New York with his mother and younger sister.
Clare Abbey
Clare Abbey, also known as Clareabbey, is a ruined Augustinian monastery located near the Town of Ennis, along the banks of the Fergus River, and about a mile north of Clarecastle in County Clare, Ireland. The Abbey, founded in 1189,  was the largest and most important of the Augustinian monasteries in County Clare.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
South Karnataka
South Karnataka generally refers to the southern part of Karnataka state, excluding the coastal areas. It generally corresponds to former Mysore state. It is generally referred as Hale Mysuru Region in Kannada which translates to Old Mysore Region or OMR  . Kannada dialect of South Karnataka is slightly different as compared to North Karnataka.

North Karnataka
North Karnataka (Transliteration: Uttara Karnataka),  is a geographical region in Deccan Plateau from 300 to 730 metres (980 to 2,400 ft) elevation that constitutes the north region of the Karnataka state in India and the region consists of 14 districts. It is drained by the Krishna River and its tributaries the Bhima, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra. North Karnataka lies within the Deccan thorn scrub forests ecoregion, which extends north into eastern Maharashtra.

North Karnataka consists of total 13 districts and comprises the regions known as (Kalyan-Karnataka) – Kalaburagi division  and (Kittur-Karnataka) – Belagavi division. It includes districts of Bagalkote, Bijapur, Gadag, Dharwad, Haveri, Belagavi, Bellary, Bidar, Kalaburagi, Koppal, Raichur, Vijayanagara, Yadgir.
Shaanxi KJ-2000
The Shaanxi KJ-2000 (Chinese: 空警-2000; pinyin: Kōngjǐng Liǎngqiān; lit. 'Airwarning-2000', NATO reporting name: Mainring) is a Chinese second-generation airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft developed by the Shaanxi Aircraft Corporation, and is the first AEW&C system in service to the People's Liberation Army Air Force. It is built upon a modified Russian Ilyushin Il-76 airframe using domestically designed avionics and a fixed radome featuring three active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars each covering a 120-degree sector, unlike the rotating radome on the comparable E-3 Sentry serving the United States Air Force.

Xi'an Y-20
The Xi'an Y-20 Kunpeng (Chinese: 运-20 鲲鹏; pinyin: Yùn-20 Kūnpéng; lit. 'Transport-20 Kunpeng') is a large military transport aircraft that was developed by the Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation for the People's Republic of China (PRC).

While the official series name of the aircraft is Kunpeng, a mythical giant fish-bird from the Taoist classic Zhuangzi, it is nicknamed "Chubby Girl" (Chinese: 胖妞; pinyin: Pàng niū) in the Chinese aviation industry because its fuselage is much wider than aircraft previously developed in China.

As of 2013, a single Xi'an Y-20 aircraft cost $160 million. The Y-20 is regarded as a competitor to the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, which had a unit cost of approximately $340 million as of 2022.
Duncan Cole
Duncan Edward Cole (12 July 1958 – 21 May 2014) was a New Zealand association football player who represented New Zealand at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.

Cole attended Birkdale Intermediate and was a Foundation Pupil at Birkdale College (now Birkenhead College) when it opened in 1972. He excelled at all sports, but particularly soccer and athletics.

His senior career began with North Shore United before he moved to Australia to join Canberra City in the Australian National Soccer League

Cole made his full All Whites debut in a 2–0 win over Singapore on 1 October 1978. He was an integral member of the 1982 All Whites as they qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, playing in all 15 qualifiers and all three group games in the finals tournament, where they lost to Scotland, USSR and Brazil.

Cole ended his international playing career with 58 A-international caps and 4 goals to his credit, his final cap in a 0–1 loss to Israel on 27 March 1988.

New Zealand men's national football team
The New Zealand men's national football team (Māori: Tīma hoka a-motu o Aotearoa) represents New Zealand in men's international football competitions. The team is governed by the governing body for football in New Zealand, New Zealand Football (NZF), which is currently a member of FIFA and the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC). The team's official nickname is the All Whites (Māori: Ōmā [ɔːmaː]).

The team represented New Zealand at the FIFA World Cup tournaments in 1982 and 2010, and are set to appear in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1999, 2003, 2009, and 2017. New Zealand is a six-time OFC Nations Cup champion. New Zealand was the only unbeaten country in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, drawing all three group stage games; nevertheless, they were eliminated in the group stage.
Heron Rookery
The Heron Rookery in Porter County, Indiana, was changed in 1980 to protect the nesting grounds of the great blue heron (Ardea herodias). The Indiana State Department of Correction transferred 69 acres (28 ha) to the National Park Service in exchange for 33 acres (13 ha) at Hoosier Prairie. In 1982, the Youth Conservation Corps constructed the trail and parking lot.

Great blue heron
The great blue heron (Ardea herodias) is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North and Central America, as well as far northwestern South America, the Caribbean and the Galápagos Islands. It is occasionally found in the Azores and is a rare vagrant to Europe. An all-white population found in south Florida and the Florida Keys is known as the great white heron. Debate exists about whether these white birds are a color morph of the great blue heron, a subspecies of it, or an entirely separate species.
Cardigan Bay Special Area of Conservation
Cardigan Bay Special Area of Conservation (SAC) in Cardigan Bay, West Wales, UK, has been designated under European Union law to protect a variety of important species and habitats.

Located between Ceibwr Bay in Pembrokeshire and Aberarth in Ceredigion, and extending almost 20 km from the coast, the SAC protects the wildlife of some 1000 km² of sea.

Special Area of Conservation
A special area of conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora. They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1,000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the sites of Community importance by the member states and designated SAC by an act assuring the conservation measures of the natural habitat.

SACs complement special protection areas and together form a network of protected sites across the European Union called Natura 2000.  This, in turn, is part of the Emerald network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCIs) under the Berne Convention.
Solar eclipse of June 30, 1935
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Sunday, June 30, 1935, with a magnitude of 0.3375. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This was the third of five solar eclipses in 1935, with the others occurring on January 5, February 3, July 30, and December 25. The next time this will occur is 2206.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northern Europe, the northern Soviet Union, and Greenland.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Oscar Nunez
Óscar Núñez (born November 18, 1958), sometimes credited as Oscar Nunez, is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for his role as the Dunder Mifflin accountant Oscar Martínez on NBC's The Office and its spin-off The Paper. The accolades he has received include two Screen Actors Guild Awards and a Daytime Emmy Awards, alongside a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.

He was a member of the Groundlings and later became a regular cast member on The Office. He also created and co-starred in the Comedy Central series Halfway Home in 2007, and in 2014 co-starred in the short-lived USA Network comedy series Benched. Since 2018, he has appeared in a series of State Farm commercials.

State Farm
State Farm Insurance is a group of mutual insurance companies throughout the United States with corporate headquarters in Bloomington, Illinois. Founded in 1922, it is the largest property, casualty and auto insurance provider in the United States.
Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian/Croatian: Vijeće ministara Bosne i Hercegovine, Serbian: Савјет министара Босне и Херцеговине), often called Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Vlada Bosne i Hercegovine, Serbian: Влада Босне и Херцеговине), is the executive branch of the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also called the Cabinet.

According to Article V, Section 4 of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers is nominated by the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and confirmed by the national House of Representatives. The Chairman then appoints other ministers.

House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Predstavnički dom Bosne i Hercegovine, Croatian: Zastupnički dom Bosne i Hercegovine and Serbian Cyrillic: Представнички дом Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two chambers of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the other being the House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The chamber consists of 42 members which are elected by party-list proportional representation. 28 members are elected from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 14 from Republika Srpska. Members serve for terms of four years. The current membership of the chamber was elected on 2 October 2022.
Transmission of hepadnaviruses
The transmission of hepadnaviruses between their natural hosts, humans, non-human primates, and birds, including intra-species host transmission and cross-species transmission, is a topic of study in virology.

Hepadnaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause liver infections in humans and animals. They are Group VII viruses that possess double-stranded DNA genomes and replicate using reverse transcriptase. This unique replication strategy, combined with their extremely small genomes and a very narrow host and tissue tropism, has distinguished them enough to be classified in the family Hepadnaviridae. There are two recognized genera:

Orthohepadnavirus, type species: hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Avihepadnavirus, type species: duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)

Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. This virus causes the disease hepatitis B.
Saxon V
The Saxon Class Vs were German, six-coupled, goods train, tender locomotives operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways.

They were the predecessors of the Saxon Class V V. Between 1859 and 1887 they were delivered in three batches of 24, 31 and 118 engines. They had an overhanging outer firebox and a steam dome. They had different types of valve gear; Allan, Gooch and Stephenson valve gear all being used at different stages. The first batch had Dampfschlitten brakes, the second steam-operated brake blocks and the third had Westinghouse compressed-air brakes.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over 11 machines, which were given the numbers 53 8201 to 53 8211, and all were withdrawn from services by 1927.

Royal Saxon State Railways
The Royal Saxon State Railways (German: Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) were the state-owned railways operating in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1869 to 1918. From 1918 until their merger into the Deutsche Reichsbahn the title 'Royal' was dropped and they were just called the Saxon State Railways (Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen).
City of Troy (horse)
City of Troy (foaled 7 March 2021) is an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. He was the top-rated two-year-old colt in Europe in 2023 when he was unbeaten in three races including the Superlative Stakes and the Dewhurst Stakes. As a three-year-old he finished unplaced in the 2000 Guineas before returning to form to win the Epsom Derby. He went on to defeat older horses in the Coral-Eclipse and the Juddmonte International Stakes. The colt was joint winner of the World's Best Racehorse award in 2024.

International Stakes
The International Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at York over a distance of 1 mile, 2 furlongs and 56 yards (2,063 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Strathclyde
Strathclyde (Ystrad Clud in Welsh; Srath Chluaidh [s̪t̪ɾa ˈxl̪ˠɯi] in Gaelic, meaning 'strath [valley] of the River Clyde') was one of nine former local government regions of Scotland created in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and abolished in 1996 by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. The Strathclyde region had 19 districts. The region was named after the early medieval Kingdom of Strathclyde centred on Govan, but covered a broader geographic area than its namesake by including Argyll and various Western islands in addition to its Southwestern core.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
Lívia Ághová
Lívia Ághová (born 7 October 1963) is a Slovak opera singer. She has been a principal soprano at the National Theatre in Prague since 1988. Her career has also taken her to many of the best opera houses and concert halls in North America and Europe. She has sung in numerous opera and concert recordings with such labels as Chandos, ORFEO, and Supraphon.

National Theatre (Prague)
The National Theatre (Czech: Národní divadlo) is a historic opera house in Prague, Czech Republic. It is known as the alma mater of Czech opera, and as the national monument of Czech history and art.

The National Theatre belongs to the most important Czech cultural institutions, with a rich artistic tradition, which helped to preserve and develop the most important features of the nation–the Czech language and a sense for a Czech musical and dramatic way of thinking.

Today the National Theatre consists of three artistic ensembles: opera, ballet and drama. They alternate in their performances in the historic building of the National Theatre, in the State Opera, in the Estates Theatre and in the Kolowrat Theatre. All three artistic ensembles select their repertoire both from classical heritage, and modern authors.
Glenn Torpy
Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Lester Torpy, GCB, CBE, DSO (born 27 July 1953) is a retired senior Royal Air Force (RAF) commander. He was a fast jet pilot in the late 1970s and 1980s, saw active service during the Gulf War and then went on to higher command. He was the air component commander on Operation Telic (British operations in Iraq) and served as Chief of the Air Staff, the professional head of the RAF, from 2006 to 2009. In that role Torpy hosted the RAF's biggest air display in two decades, and argued for consolidation of all British air power in the hands of the RAF.

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the title of the professional head of the Royal Air Force, who is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918, with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first holder. The current and 32nd Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Harvey Smyth, who succeeded Sir Richard Knighton on 29 August 2025.
Abbot Oliba
Oliba (IPA: [uˈliβə]; c. 971–1046) was the count of Berga and Ripoll (988–1002), and later abbot of the monasteries of Santa Maria de Ripoll and Sant Miquel de Cuixà (1008–1046) and the bishop of Vic (1018–1046). He is considered one of the spiritual founders of Catalonia and perhaps the most important prelate of his age in the Iberian Peninsula. Oliba was a great writer and from his scriptorium at Ripoll flowed a ceaseless stream of works which are enlightening about his world.  Most important are the Arabic manuscripts he translated into Latin for the benefit of 11th century and later scholars.

Santa Maria de Ripoll
The Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll is a Benedictine monastery, built in the Romanesque style, located in the town of Ripoll in Catalonia, Spain. Although much of the present church is 19th century rebuilding, the sculptured portico is a renowned work of Romanesque art.