hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kiev Cossacks insurrection
The Kiev Cossack insurrection was a mass peasant movement in the Kiev Governorate and Chernihiv Governorate in 1855 directed against the national and social policies of the Russian government in Ukraine.

Chernigov Governorate
Chernigov Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Little Russia Governorate and had its capital in Chernigov.

Its borders encompassed the modern Chernihiv Oblast, but also included a large section of Sumy Oblast and smaller sections of the Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine, in addition to a large part of Bryansk Oblast of Russia.

From 1918 to 1925, it was referred to as Chernihiv Governorate as part of Ukrainian successor states of the Russian Empire during and after the civil war, namely of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Ukrainian State and the Ukrainian SSR.
Axel Graatkjær
Axel Graatkjær (1885–1969) was a Danish cinematographer who worked on silent films during the Golden Age of Danish cinema. Graatkjær was the favorite cinematographer of film director August Blom as well as silent film star Asta Nielsen and her husband, director Urban Gad. He filmed more than 100 films during his career from 1906 to 1930.

Urban Gad
Peter Urban Bruun Gad (12 February 1879 – 26 December 1947) was a Danish film director, stage actor, screenwriter, and author. He directed 40 films between 1910 and 1927. His wife Asta Nielsen starred in 30 of his films, also in his début film Afgrunden (The Abyss) from 1910. They moved to Germany in 1911 where Gad worked with Paul Davidson until 1922.

His mother was the playwright Emma Gad. In 1873, the painter Paul Gauguin married his father's cousin, Mette-Sophie Gad. Between 1912 and 1918, Gad was married to actress Asta Nielsen.

His films include a German-language adaptation of Gerhart Hauptmann's play The Assumption of Hannele, which Gad directed in 1922.
Purple Kiss
Purple Kiss (Korean: 퍼플키스; stylized in all caps) was a South Korean girl group formed by RBW in 2020. The group consists of six members: Na Go-eun, Dosie, Ireh, Yuki, Chaein and Swan. Originally a seven-member group, Park Ji-eun left the group on November 18, 2022, due to health issues. They are considered to be a self-producing group, with members involved in songwriting, composing and other aspects of their music and showmanship.

The group released two pre-debut digital singles—"My Heart Skip a Beat" in November 2020, and "Can We Talk Again" in February 2021—before their official debut on March 15, 2021, with the EP Into Violet.

Korean idol
An idol (Korean: 아이돌; RR: aidol) is a type of entertainer who works in the field of Korean popular music (K-pop), either as a member of a group or as a solo act. They typically work for an entertainment agency that operates a highly managed star system that idols are produced by and debut under. Idols undergo extensive training in dance, vocal performance, and foreign language, and tend to represent a hybridized convergence of visuals, music, and fashion. Idols maintain a carefully curated public image and social media presence, and dedicate significant time and resources to building relationships with fans through concerts and meetups.
William Randell
William Richard Randell "Captain Randell" (2 May 1824 – 4 March 1911), was an Australian politician and pioneer born in Devon, England, who emigrated to the newly founded colony of South Australia in 1837 with his family. He was a pioneer of the riverboat industry on the River Murray and represented the Electoral district of Gumeracha in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1899.

Captain Randell can also refer to his son (Richard) Murray Randell (2 February 1863 – 6 March 1952), who took over management of his father's small fleet of River Murray paddle steamers.

Electoral district of Gumeracha
Gumeracha (spelt as Gumeracka from 1857 until 1960) was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1857 to 1902 and again from 1938 to 1970.

Gumeracha's representative from  from March 1938 to March 1968, Thomas Playford IV, served continuously as Premier of South Australia from November 1938 to March 1965, the longest term of any elected government leader in the history of Australia. His record is controversial due to the Playmander helping his electoral successes.
The Sprig of Rosemary
The Sprig of Rosemary (Catalan: Lo romaní) is a Catalan fairy tale from Spain collected by Dr. D. Francisco de S. Maspons y Labros in Cuentos Populars Catalans. Andrew Lang included it in The Pink Fairy Book.

It is related to the international cycle of Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, wherein a human maiden marries a man under an animal curse, loses him and has to search for him, and is classified as subtype ATU 425A, "The Animal (Monster) as Bridegroom".

Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shape-shifters include changelings, jinns, kitsune, vampires, and werewolves, along with deities such as Loki and Vertumnus.
Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu, (another spelling, also Pu-Bahla) was ruler/mayor of Yursa, (a city/city-state in Canaan(?)), identified with Tell Jemmeh, of the 1350–1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name translates in west semitic as well as in  Akkadian as: "word/mouth (of) Baal", the  'Spokesman (of) Baal' , (–or 'Baal's Voice').

Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh. See: Yursa

The three Amarna letters, (EA for 'el Amarna') to pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are:

EA 314—Title: "A shipment of glass"

EA 315—Title: "Like a command of the Sun"–See: Reanap

EA 316—Title: "Postscript to the royal scribe"–See: Tahmašši

Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: "..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa", and EA 316, as "Pu-Ba'lu". One other reference in EA 104, entitled: "Ullassa taken" is to Abdi-Ashirta's son, "Pu-Bahla", presumably a separate 'Pu-Baal'.

Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of  natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated. Annotated, they have been used in corpus linguistics for statistical hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
The Shortening Winter's Day is near a Close
The Shortening Winter's Day is Near a Close (1903) and its replicas -- The Shortening Winter's Day is Near a Close (circa 1903) and Beneath the Snow Encumbered Branches (name attached in 2008) -- are three oil on canvas paintings by Scottish painter Joseph Farquharson. The iconic artworks depict a shepherd tending sheep with the evening sun shining through snowy trees.

• The Shortening Winter's Day is Near a Close (117 x 171 cm) is the prime version, held at the Lady Lever Art Gallery in Port Sunlight, England, under Accession Number LL3152.

• The Shortening Winter's Day is Near a Close (82 x 120 cm) version was purchased by a private collector in 2013.

• The 51 x 76 cm version, was last sold to a private collector in 2016 under the title Beneath the Snow Encumbered Branches.

The image has become well known through the use of its likeness on popular Hallmark Christmas cards for over 30 years.

Hallmark Cards
Hallmark Cards, Inc. is a privately held, family-owned American company based in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1910 by Joyce Hall, Hallmark is one of the oldest and largest manufacturers of greeting cards in the United States. In 1985, the company was awarded the National Medal of Arts.

In addition to greeting cards, Hallmark also manufactures such products as party goods, gift wrap, and stationery. Hallmark acquired Binney & Smith in 1984, and would later change its name to Crayola, LLC after its well-known Crayola brand of crayons, markers and colored pencils. The company is also involved in television, having produced the long-running Hallmark Hall of Fame series since 1951, and launching the Hallmark Channel 50 years later (replacing an earlier joint venture with The Jim Henson Company, Odyssey Network).
Dr. Dre Presents: The Aftermath
Dr. Dre Presents... The Aftermath is a compilation album by American West Coast rapper Dr. Dre. It was released on November 26, 1996, as the first release on Aftermath Entertainment. The album was largely produced by the label's production team: the Soul Kitchen, which consisted of Dr. Dre, Bud'da, Flossy P, Stu-B-Doo, and Chris "the Glove" Taylor.

Chris Taylor (music producer)
Chris Taylor (born May 22, 1962), also known by his monikers The Glove, DJ Glove, and ChrisGlove, is best known as a DJ and producer on the West Coast hip hop scene in the 1980s and 1990s. Taylor is known for his appearance in the film Breakin' alongside Ice-T. Taylor is credited on "Phone Tap" (The Firm) as producer. Other production credits include "Reckless" (Ice T & Dave Storrs), "Tebitan Jam" (Chris "the Glove" Taylor), "Go Off" (Ice T & Dave Storrs), and "Itchiban Scratch" (Chris "the Glove" Taylor). Taylor produced "Stranded on Death Row" and "Doggy Dogg World" on the genre-defining albums The Chronic and Doggystyle, and also claims to have written/produced the tracks for "Xxplosive" (Dr. Dre) and "Hello" (NWA), though uncredited. Other sources name Taylor as an engineer, mixer and musician on The Chronic.
Celeste Ng
Celeste Ng (/səˈlɛst ˈɪŋ/ sə-LEST ING; Chinese: 伍绮诗; born July 30, 1980) is an American writer and novelist. Her short stories have been published in a variety of literary journals. Ng's first novel, Everything I Never Told You, released in 2014, won the Amazon Book of the Year award as well as praise from critics. Ng's short story "Girls at Play" won a Pushcart Prize in 2012 and a 2015 Alex Award. Her second novel, Little Fires Everywhere, was published in 2017. The TV miniseries based on the book premiered in 2020. Ng received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2020. Her most recent novel, Our Missing Hearts, was released in 2022.

Amazon's Best Books of the Year
Amazon's Best Books of the Year is a list of best books created yearly by Amazon.com.  It is a list of best books picked by Amazon editors and customers. It began in 2000.  Customer favorites are ranked according to the number of sales made through October, for books published in that calendar year.  The lists are usually announced in early November. The list has garnered attention from media such as The Guardian, CBS News and others.

According to Sarah Gelman, Editorial Director, Amazon Books, "The Books Editorial team reads thousands of new releases every year", with the intention of making recommendations. There are monthly lists, and from those a year-end list is created. According to an Amazon Books spokesperson, "Many of the editorial picks for the best books are also customer favorites and bestsellers, but they strive to spotlight the best books readers might not otherwise hear about, too."
Gwen Grant Mellon
Gwen Grant Mellon (July 22, 1911 – November 29, 2000) was an American medical missionary and the founder and administrator of Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti in Deschapelles, Haiti. As a single mother she worked as a riding instructor on a dude ranch in Arizona, where she met neighboring rancher William Larimer Mellon Jr., heir to the Mellon fortune. Shortly after their marriage in 1946, the couple decided to emulate the work of Dr. Albert Schweitzer in an underdeveloped country and enrolled at Tulane University, he to receive his medical degree and she to study tropical medicine. She planned the building of the 75-bed hospital in Haiti, paid for from the couple's personal fortune, and worked there from its opening in 1956 until her death. She was honored with the first Elizabeth Blackwell Award in 1958 and the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism in 2000.

Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hobart and William Smith Colleges is a private liberal arts college in Geneva, New York. It traces its origins to Geneva Academy established in 1797. Students can choose from over 70 areas of study with degrees in Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science in Management, and Master of Arts in Higher Education Leadership.

HWS also offers joint-degree programs in engineering with Dartmouth College or Columbia University, and in law with Cornell Law School.

The president is Mark D. Gearan, former director of the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics. From 1995 to 1999, he served as the director of the Peace Corps.
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
The order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Sword Brethren (German: Schwertbrüderorden), formally known as The Militia of Christ of Livonia  (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae) was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of Riga. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time.

The membership of the crusading order comprised warrior monks, mostly from northern Germany, who fought Baltic and Finnic pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the remnants of the order were disbanded by the Pope in 1237 when some of the surviving sword brethren were allowed to return to Germany and those who opted to stay in "Terra Mariana" (Livonia) were accepted into the local branch of the Teutonic Order.

Semigallians
Semigallians (Latvian: Zemgaļi; Lithuanian: Žiemgaliai; also Zemgalians, Semigalls or Semigalians) were the Baltic tribe that lived in the south central part of contemporary Latvia and northern Lithuania. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades.
Semigallians had close linguistic and cultural ties with Samogitians.
2017 Invictus Games
The 2017 Invictus Games was a parasport event for wounded, injured or sick armed services personnel and their associated veterans, which was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The third Invictus Games, an event created in 2014 by Prince Harry, included eleven sports. It was the second Games to be held in North America, following the Invictus Games Orlando 2016.

Invictus Games
The Invictus Games is an international multi-sport event first held in 2014, for wounded, injured and sick military service personnel, both serving and veterans. The word invictus is Latin for 'unconquered', chosen as an embodiment of the fighting spirit of the wounded, injured and sick service personnel and what they can achieve, post-injury.

The Invictus Games were founded by Prince Harry, when he was joint patron of The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, along with Sir Keith Mills, and in partnership with the Ministry of Defence. Inspiration for the Invictus Games came from Prince Harry's 2013 visit to the Warrior Games in the United States, where he witnessed the ability of sport to help both psychologically and physically.
Louis O. Kelso
Louis Orth Kelso (/ˈkɛlsoʊ/; December 4, 1913 – February 17, 1991) was a political economist, corporate and financial lawyer, author, lecturer and merchant banker who is chiefly remembered today as the inventor and pioneer of the employee stock ownership plan (ESOP), invented to enable working people without savings to buy stock in their employer company and pay for it out of its future dividend yield. He advocated for the Third Way.

Merchant bank
A merchant bank is historically a bank dealing in commercial loans and investment. In modern British usage, it is the same as an investment bank. Merchant banks were the first modern banks and evolved from medieval merchants who traded in commodities, particularly cloth merchants. Historically, merchant banks' purpose was to facilitate or finance the production and trade of commodities, hence the name merchant. Few banks today restrict their activities to such a narrow scope.

In modern usage in the United States, the term additionally has taken on a more narrow meaning, and refers to a financial institution providing capital to companies in form of share ownership instead of loans. A merchant bank also provides advice on corporate matters to the firms in which they invest.
Edmund McMillen
Edmund Charles McMillen (born March 2, 1980) is an American video game designer and artist. He is known for his Adobe Flash games with unconventional visual styles. His works include the 2010 platformer Super Meat Boy, the 2011 roguelite game The Binding of Isaac, its 2014 remake The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth, and the 2026 turn-based roguelite game Mewgenics.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
Ryan Fulton
Ryan William Fulton (born 23 May 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish Premiership side Heart of Midlothian. He has previously played for Hamilton Academical, as well as loan spells at Portsmouth and Chesterfield.

Born in England, he was a youth player for Liverpool and a youth international for Scotland.

Scotland national under-21 football team
The Scotland national under-21 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national under 21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team.

As a European under-21 team, Scotland compete in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is usually held every other year. The team has qualified for the final stages of these Championships on six occasions, although not since 1996. There is no global tournament for under-21 national teams. Performance in the European Championship determines qualification for football at the Summer Olympics, which Scotland is unable to compete in.
2007 Super League Grand Final
The 2007 Super League Grand Final was 10th official Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding match of the Super League XII season. Held on Saturday 13 October 2007, at Old Trafford in Manchester, the game was played between St. Helens, who finished top of the league after the 27 weekly rounds, and Leeds Rhinos, who finished second after the weekly rounds.

1998 Super League Grand Final
The 1998 JJB Super League Grand Final was the first staging of the Super League Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding game of 1998's Super League III, and the first Grand Final of the Super League era. It was held on Saturday 24 October 1998, at Old Trafford, Manchester, United Kingdom. This was the first time the League Championship had been decided by play-off since the 1972–73 Championship Final. The game was played between Wigan Warriors and Leeds Rhinos.
Goddess of Victory: Nikke
Goddess of Victory: Nikke is a third-person shooter action role-playing video game developed by Shift Up and published by Level Infinite. Development of Nikke began as early as 2017, and it was released for Android and iOS in 2022, and Windows in 2023. The game's action-based battle system revolves around quick character-switching and the usage of combat skills in an anime-style environment. The game is free-to-play and features a gacha game system, through which in-app purchases are used as a method for monetization. It garnered over US$70 million in its first month of release.

Goddess of Victory: Nikke is set in a post-apocalyptic future where the surface of the Earth was overrun by mechanical aliens, called Raptures. The surviving humans fled underground and produced artificial soldiers called Nikkes. The story follows a Commander and his squad of Nikkes who hope to reclaim the surface.

Third-person shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view.
Clan Brodie
Clan Brodie is a Scottish clan whose origins are uncertain. The first known Brodie chiefs were the Thanes of Brodie and Dyke in Morayshire. The Brodies were present in several clan conflicts and, during the civil war, were ardent covenanters. They had indirect involvement in the Jacobite uprising of 1715 but none with that of 1745. Some members of the family worked for the British East India Company in the 18th Century.

Thegn
In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn, or thane (Latin: minister), was an aristocrat who ranked at the third level in lay society, below the king and ealdormen. He had to be a substantial landowner. Thanage refers to the tenure by which lands were held by a thane as well as the rank; an approximately equivalent modern title may be that of baron.

The term thane was also used in early medieval Scandinavia for a class of retainers, and thane was a title given to local royal officials in medieval eastern Scotland, equivalent in rank to the child of an earl.
Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg
Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (14 January 1656 in Altenburg – 22 January 1686 in Weißenfels) was a member of the House of Wettin. She was a Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg by birth and by marriage a Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt.

Weißenfels
Weißenfels (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsn̩ˌfɛls] ⓘ; often written in English as Weissenfels) is the largest town of the Burgenlandkreis district, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approximately 30 km (20 mi) south of Halle.
Sports in Kentucky
The U.S. state of Kentucky is currently home to four professional soccer teams: Louisville City FC, which plays in the USL Championship (USLC); Lexington SC, which moves to the USLC for 2025 after having played in USL League One; Racing Louisville FC, which plays in the National Women's Soccer League; and the Lexington SC women's section, which plays in the USL Super League. Kentucky has had professional sports teams in its past, such as the Louisville Brecks/Colonels of the NFL in the early 1920s.

Lexington SC (women)
Lexington Sporting Club is an American professional women's soccer club based in Lexington, Kentucky, that competes in the USL Super League (USLS). The club also fields a team in the USL W League (USLW).
Sally Bush
Sally Bush (October 29, 1860 – November 3, 1946) was an American photographer also known for her quiet philanthropy, especially her generosity toward hungry people during the Great Depression of the 1930s. She also served as her father's hostess at their home, Bush House in Salem, Oregon, in the United States.

Bush's Pasture Park
Bush's Pasture Park (90.5 acres) is a public park and botanical garden in Salem, Oregon, United States. It is the site of the Asahel Bush House, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and is now operated as the Bush House Museum.