hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin J. Blake
Martin Joseph Blake (born c. 1853) was an Irish historian who died around 1930.

Blake was a descendant of one of The Tribes of Galway, and some of his noteworthy work was the publication, in two volumes, of much of the extant documents of the Blake family of Galway from 1315 to the 18th century. He was a substantial contributor to the early volumes of the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society.

Galway Archaeological and Historical Society
The Galway Archaeological and Historical Society was founded on 21 March 1900. It promotes historical preservation, as well as the study of the archaeology and history of the west of Ireland.

As of January 2002, the Society had published 53 consecutive volumes of the Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society since the first was published in 2000. Back issues of JGAHS are available through the academic database JSTOR.

The Society also runs a lecture series in Galway City and is involved in lobbying national and local authorities in relation to heritage matters relating to the City and County of Galway. In 1999, the society complained that renovation work carried out on Ballindooley Castle, was "an appalling intrusion on the landscape, and one step too far". That year, it also convinced the Galway Corporation to reconsider its decision allowing the demolition of Prairie House, a seaside boarding house built in the late 18th or early 19th century.
Xander (Dutch singer)
Xander Venema (born 27 August 1985 in Nieuw-Amsterdam, Netherlands), performing under his mononym Xander, is a Dutch singer, songwriter who was part of the Dutch boyband 4 AM. He took part in Dutch series 2 of Popstars finishing 11th. After Popstars, he has continued with a solo musical career.

Popstars
Popstars is an international reality television franchise aimed to find new singing talent. Serving as a precursor to the Idol franchise, Popstars first began in New Zealand in 1999 when producer Jonathan Dowling formed the girl group TrueBliss. Despite all shows in the Popstars franchise having been off air in recent years, it remains one of the most successful TV show formats of all time with the format being sold to more than 50 countries and producing groups such as Girls Aloud that had success on the UK charts for the next ten years after winning. The show was the inspiration for Simon Fuller's Idol franchise.
West Deptford Public Schools
The West Deptford Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from West Deptford Township, in Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprising five schools, had an enrollment of 2,947 students and 238.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "DE", the fifth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

New Jersey Department of Education
The New Jersey Department of Education (NJ DOE) administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1.4 million public and non-public elementary and secondary school children in the state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in the Judge Robert L. Carter Building in Trenton.
Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum
Sheikh Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum was the Ruler of Dubai from April 1894–February 1906. The fifth Maktoum Ruler since the establishment of the dynasty in 1833. Maktoum's short but 'liberal and enlightened' reign was to transform the coastal port. He was responsible for the establishment of the trading community of Dubai, encouraging disaffected merchants from Lingeh to bring their businesses to Dubai after the Persian government had introduced unpopular taxes.

Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi
Sheikh Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi (1883–1914) was the Ruler of Sharjah, a Trucial State and now one of the United Arab Emirates, from 1883–1914. He took control over Sharjah in a coup during the absence of his uncle, Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi, and ruled both Sharjah and, from 1900 until his death in 1914, Ras Al Khaimah.
Nina Malterud
Nina Malterud (born 1951) is a Norwegian ceramist. A graduate of the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry, since 1975 she has created a variety of practical and artistic artefacts, both large and small, working mainly with blue clay. Applying her art to tiles, she has decorated public buildings including the University of Tromsø and the Courthouse in Sandvika. Malterud was head of ceramics at the Bergen Academy of Art and Design from 1994, serving as rector from 2002 to 2010. In 2022, she not only received the Ulrik Hendriksen Honorary Award but was honoured with the St. Olav's Medal.

Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry
The National College of Art and Design (Norwegian: Statens håndverks- og kunstindustriskole) is a tertiary institution in Norway established in 1818.

In 1996, the National College of Art and Design became part of Oslo National Academy of the Arts (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo, KHiO), along with the Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts, Norwegian National Academy of Opera, the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet, and the National Academy of Theatre (Statens teaterhøgskole).
Jerry Bruckheimer Films
Jerry Bruckheimer Films Inc. (JBF) is an American independent film production company formed by Jerry Bruckheimer in December 1995, after cutting his ties with film producer Don Simpson before his death in 1996. It produces blockbuster films such as the Pirates of the Caribbean film series.

Skydance Media
Skydance Media, LLC (formerly known as Skydance Productions) was an American media production and financing company founded by David Ellison and based in Santa Monica, California, that was active from April 4, 2006 to August 7, 2025. It specialized in films, animation, television, video games and sports.

In 2009, the company entered a five-year partnership to co-produce and co-finance films with Paramount Pictures. This agreement was renewed twice, extending to 2021. On July 7, 2024, Skydance announced its intent to merge with Paramount Global in an $8 billion transaction, under an agreement in which Skydance would acquire Paramount's controlling shareholder National Amusements, and then perform an all-stock merger with the company. On July 24, 2025, the merger was approved by the FCC, and the merger was closed on August 7, 2025, forming Paramount Skydance. Following the merger, the library of Skydance Media got transferred to Paramount Pictures.
Silvia Turani
Silvia Turani (born 6 July 1995) is an Italian rugby union player. She plays Prop for Italy internationally, and for Harlequins in the Premiership Women's Rugby competition. She competed for Italy at the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup.

Harlequins Women
Harlequins Women, formerly known as Harlequins Ladies, are a women's rugby union club based in Guildford, Surrey, England and in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. They were founded in 1995 as the women's team of Harlequin F.C. and rebranded in 2017 after merging with Aylesford Bulls. In 2017, they were selected as one of the franchises for the new Premier 15s league, but they also cater for new, aspiring and social players within their 3rd XV squad.
Cucumis
Cucumis is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the family Cucurbitaceae which includes the cucumber (Cucumis sativus), true melons (Cucumis melo, including cantaloupe and  honeydew), the horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus), and the West Indian gherkin (Cucumis anguria).

30 species occur in Africa, and 25 occur in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia. However, Cucumis myriocarpus was introduced to Australia from Sub-Saharan Africa, and is regarded as an invasive species.

Cucumis anguria
Cucumis anguria, commonly known as maroon cucumber, West Indian gherkin, maxixe, burr gherkin, cackrey, and West Indian gourd, is a vine that is indigenous to Africa, but has become naturalized in the New World, and is cultivated in many places.  It is similar and related to the common cucumber (C. sativus) and its cultivars are known as gherkins.
Nazirul Naim
Nazirul Naim bin Che Hashim (born 6 April 1993) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League club Kuala Lumpur City as a left-back.

Born in Kuala Kangsar, Nazirul has earned an early education at Clifford Secondary School in Kuala Kangsar before he furthered his study in Bukit Jalil Sports School and began his football career there. Nazirul later progressed through the national youth set-up in Harimau Muda B and Harimau Muda A.

Harimau Muda B
Harimau Muda B (The Young Tigers) was the Malaysia under-21 national football team managed by the Football Association of Malaysia. which took part in Malaysia Premier League from the 2007–08 season and also FA Cup Malaysia. In 2015, Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players.

Harimau Muda B last competed in Singapore's 2014 S. League. The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad. On 25 November 2015, it was confirmed that the Harimau Muda has disbanded.
White light scanner
A white light scanner (WLS) is a device for performing surface height measurements of an object using coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) with spectrally-broadband, "white light" illumination. Different configurations of scanning interferometer may be used to measure macroscopic objects with surface profiles measuring in the centimeter range, to microscopic objects with surface profiles measuring in the micrometer range. For large-scale non-interferometric measurement systems, see structured-light 3D scanner.

Coherence scanning interferometry
Coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) is any of a class of optical surface measurement methods wherein the localization of interference fringes during a scan of optical path length provides a means to determine surface characteristics such as topography, transparent film structure, and optical properties.  CSI is currently the most common interference microscopy technique for  areal surface topography measurement.
The term "CSI" was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

The technique encompasses but is not limited to instruments that use spectrally broadband, visible sources (white light) to achieve interference fringe localization.  CSI uses either fringe localization alone or in combination with interference fringe phase, depending on the surface type, desired surface topography repeatability and software capabilities. The table below compiles alternative terms that conform at least in part to the above definition.
Al Sieber
Al Sieber (February 27, 1843  – February 19, 1907) was a German-American immigrant who fought in the American Civil War (1861-1865), and in the American Old West frontier against  the  Native Americans (Indians)  in the later  American Indian Wars of the mid to late 19th century. He became a prospector and later served as a decorated  Chief of Scouts  for the United States Army during the subsequent  Apache Wars of 1849 - 1886 in the southwestern United States.

Prospecting
Prospecting is the first stage of the geological analysis (followed by exploration) of a territory. It is the search for minerals, fossils, precious metals, or mineral specimens. It is also known as fossicking.

Traditionally prospecting relied on direct observation of mineralization in rock outcrops or in sediments. Modern prospecting also includes the use of geologic, geophysical, and geochemical tools to search for anomalies which can narrow the search area. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a potential prospect direct observation can then be focused on this area.

In some areas a prospector must also stake a claim, meaning they must erect posts with the appropriate placards on all four corners of a desired land they wish to prospect and register this claim before they may take samples. In other areas publicly held lands are open to prospecting without staking a mining claim.
Return of the Guardians
Return of the Guardians is an album by David Arkenstone, released in 1996. It is the final album in a trilogy that includes In the Wake of the Wind and Quest of the Dream Warrior. The album is based on a fantasy story by Arkenstone and Mercedes Lackey that appears in the booklet. It revolves around the characters of Andolin from In the Wake of the Wind and Kyla from Quest of the Dream Warrior. The album also comes with a fold-out map of the world in which the story is set. Of note is the prominent violin in several tracks. Unlike the previous album in the series, there are no songs sung by Arkenstone.

David Arkenstone
David Arkenstone (born July 1, 1952) is an American composer and performer. His music is primarily instrumental, with occasional vocalizations. Most of Arkenstone's music falls into the new age category; however, he also worked in other genres, including even a heavy metal soundtrack for Emperor: Battle for Dune video game. His music has been described as 'soundtracks for the imagination'. Throughout his career, Arkenstone released over 50 albums and composed music for video games, including World of Warcraft, and for television, including NBC's Kentucky Derby. Arkenstone has been nominated for Grammy Awards five times.
Georgia Ku
Georgia Ku (born 20 February 1993) is an English singer and songwriter. She was a featured artist on the 2018 NOTD and Felix Jaehn hit single "So Close". The song has appeared on numerous charts including at number 11 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart. Ku has also written songs for numerous notable acts including Martin Garrix, Dua Lipa, Iggy Azalea, Zedd, and others.

Felix Jaehn
Fee Jähn (born 28 August 1994 as Felix Kurt Jähn), known professionally as Felix Jaehn, is a German DJ and record producer. Jaehn achieved international success with their remix of OMI's song "Cheerleader", which topped the charts in multiple countries and reached number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2015.
Pati Patni Aur Tawaif
Pati Patni Aur Tawaif (transl. Husband, Wife and prostitute) is a 1990 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Rajkumar Kohli, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Salma Agha, Farha Naaz and Om Prakash. It is a remake of Pakistan's 1988 Urdu language movie Bazar-e-Husn. Salma Agha reprised her role from Bazar-e-Husn in Pati Patni Aur Tawaif.

Salma Agha
Salma Agha (born 29 October 1954) is a Pakistani-British singer and actress who worked in Pakistani and Indian films in the 1980s and the early 1990s. She is best known for her acting and singing the song "Dil ke Armaan" in the film Nikaah (1982).
Rucellai Madonna
The Rucellai Madonna is a panel painting by the Sienese painter Duccio di Buoninsegna showing the Virgin and Child enthroned with Angels. The contract for the work is dated 1285. The painting was probably completed in 1286, and was commissioned by the Laudesi confraternity of Florence to decorate the chapel they maintained in the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella. In 1591, the painting was moved to the adjacent, much larger Rucellai family chapel, hence the modern title of convenience. In the 19th century it was transferred to the Galleria degli Uffizi. The Rucellai Madonna is the largest surviving 13th-century panel painting.

Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (UK: /juːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi/ yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced [ɡalleˈriːa deʎʎ ufˈfittsi]) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.

After the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia ("family pact") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.
John Hendrick (American football)
John Hendrick is an American college football coach and former professional player. He is the defensive coordinator at Hinds Community College, a position he has held since 2021.  He is the former head football coach at Jackson State University in Jackson, Mississippi, a position he had assumed midway through the 2018 season and maintained throughout the 2019 season.  Hendrick served as the head football coach at Benedict College in Columbia, South Carolina from 2003 to 2006.

Hendrick was a four-year letter winner at the University of Pittsburgh from 1978 to 1981 as a defensive lineman under head coach Jackie Sherrill, where he was a teammate of quarterback Dan Marino.

Jackie Sherrill
Jackie Wayne Sherrill (born November 28, 1943) is an American former college football player and coach. He was the head football coach at Washington State University (1976), the University of Pittsburgh (1977–1981), Texas A&M University (1982–1988), and Mississippi State University (1991–2003), compiling a career head coaching record of 180–120–4. Sherrill is a studio analyst for Fox Sports Net's college football coverage.
Satoshi Tsunami
Satoshi Tsunami (都並 敏史, Tsunami Satoshi; born 14 August 1961) is a Japanese football manager and former player. He is currently manager of Japan Football League club, Briobecca Urayasu. He last played for Japan national team until 1995.

Briobecca Urayasu Ichikawa
Briobecca Urayasu Ichikawa (ブリオベッカ浦安・市川, Buriobekka Urayasu Ichikawa) is a Japanese football (soccer) club based in Urayasu, Chiba. They currently  play in Japan Football League, the fourth tier of Japanese football.
Ptilotus
Ptilotus is a genus of approximately 125 species of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, and is endemic to Australia, apart from Ptilotus conicus that also occurs in Malesia. Plants in the genus Ptilotus are annual or perennial herbs or shrubs with usually hairy spikes of compact spherical, oval or cylindrical flowers.

Ptilotus conicus
Ptilotus conicus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is native to northern Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia. It is an erect annual herb, with narrowly linear leaves on the stems, and cylindrical spikes of pink, magenta or red flowers with five stamens.
Fazu Aliyeva
Fazu Aliyeva (5 December 1932 – 1 January 2016) was an Avar-speaking Soviet-born Russian poet, novelist and journalist. She played a significant role in the development of Avar in Russian literature. She was also a human rights activist.

Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.
Puja Cherry
Puja Cherry Roy (born 20 August 2002) is a Bangladeshi film actress and model. She debuted as a child actress in the film Moner Ghore Bosot Kore (2011), though her scenes were cut from the final release. Her first released role was in Bhalobashar Rong (2012), followed by her lead role debut in the Indo-Bangladesh joint production film Noor Jahaan (2018). She gained prominence for her role as Pori in PoraMon 2 (2018), earning the Meril Prothom Alo Award for Best Actress. She has also acted in promotional advertising. She is widely regarded as the most popular and successful Bangladeshi actress of this time.

Bhalobasar Rong
Bhalobasar Rong (Bengali: ভালোবাসার রং) is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language film. Directed by Shahin Sumon, it stars Bappy Chowdhury, Mahiya Mahi, Amit Hasan, Abdur Razzak and many more. It is a remake of 2010 Telugu film Baava.
Proto-Indo-European verbs
Proto-Indo-European verbs reflect a complex system of morphology, more complicated than the substantive, with verbs categorized according to their aspect, using multiple grammatical moods and voices, and being conjugated according to person, number and tense. In addition to finite forms thus formed, non-finite forms such as participles are also extensively used.

The verbal system is clearly represented in Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit, which closely correspond in nearly all aspects of their verbal systems, and are two of the most well-understood of the early daughter languages of Proto-Indo-European.

Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as un- or -ness. For example, unhappy and  happiness derive from the root word happy.

It is differentiated from inflection, which is the modification of a word to form different grammatical categories without changing its core meaning or lexical category: determines, determining, and determined are from the root determine.
Miss Universe Thailand 2021
Miss Universe Thailand 2021 was the 22nd edition of Miss Universe Thailand. It was held on 24 October 2021 at the NICE of Nong Nooch Tropical Garden in Pattaya, Thailand. The previous winner, Amanda Obdam, crowned Anchilee Scott-Kemmis as her successor at the end of the event.

Thirty contestants participated in this year's competition. It was hosted by Piyawat Kempetch for the third consecutive year. Beauty camp was held at Khao Yai National Park in Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima. It was the first time the pageant aired as a reality show. The final competition was broadcast by PPTV HD and TrueID.

This edition marked the first year under the management of Punika Kulsoontornrut, who was also  the runway coach. Kulsoontornrut was previously second runner-up at the previous edition.

Amanda Obdam
Amanda Charlene Obdam (Thai: อแมนดา ชาร์ลีน ออบดัม; born 17 June 1993) is a Thai-Canadian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Thailand 2020. She represented Thailand at the Miss Universe 2020 pageant in Hollywood, Florida where she finished as a Top 10 semifinalist.
Frank Mays
Frances Mays (born December 1, 1990) is an American football defensive lineman. He played college football at Florida A&M University and attended Bemidji High School in Bemidji, Minnesota. He was also a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Tampa Bay Storm, Portland Steel, Iowa Barnstormers, and Bloomington Edge.

Iowa Barnstormers
The Iowa Barnstormers are a professional indoor football team based in Des Moines, Iowa, that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). They play their home games at Casey's Center.

Several teams called the Iowa Barnstormers have played in different indoor football leagues since 1995. The original Arena Football League team played in Des Moines' Veterans Memorial Auditorium from 1995 to 2001, and subsequently relocated to Uniondale, New York, where they were known as the New York Dragons. Des Moines was awarded a franchise in the developmental AF2 league in 2001 that carried on the Barnstormers name and branding, but the team suspended operations after the end of the season. In 2008 a new Barnstormers team began play in the AF2, now based in the new Wells Fargo Arena; this team joined the new AFL in 2010 following the league's reorganization. For the 2015 season, the Barnstormers left the AFL and became members of the IFL.