hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Skew binomial heap
In computer science, a skew binomial heap (or skew binomial queue) is a data structure for priority queue operations. It is a variant of the binomial heap that supports constant-time insertion operations in the worst case, rather than amortized time.

Amortized analysis
In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute.  The motivation for amortized analysis is that looking at the worst-case run time can be too pessimistic.  Instead, amortized analysis averages the running times of operations in a sequence over that sequence.: 306 
As a conclusion: "Amortized analysis is a useful tool that complements other techniques such as worst-case and average-case analysis.": 14

For a given operation of an algorithm, certain situations (e.g., input parametrizations or data structure contents) may imply a significant cost in resources, whereas other situations may not be as costly.  The amortized analysis considers both the costly and less costly operations together over the whole sequence of operations.  This may include accounting for different types of input, length of the input, and other factors that affect its performance.
Ike Gyokuran
Ike Gyokuran (池 玉瀾, 1727–1784) was a Japanese Bunjinga painter, calligrapher, and poet. She was famous in Kyoto, Japan, during her lifetime, and she remains a celebrated artist in Japan.

Gyokuran was born of a decade long affair between her mother, Yuri, and a high ranking retainer of the ruling Tokugawa shogun. Her parents gave her the birth name Machi (町). As a child, she was given the art-name Gyokuran, meaning "Jewel Waves," most likely by her painting teacher Yanagisawa Kien (1707–1758). Gyokuran married fellow artist Ike no Taiga, and she is best known by her married name Ike Gyokuran. Her surname before marriage was Tokuyama, and she is also known as Tokuyama Gyokuran.

Nanga (Japanese painting)
Nanga (南画, "Southern painting"), also known as Bunjinga (文人画, "literati painting"),  was a school of Japanese painting which flourished in the late Edo period among artists who considered themselves literati, or intellectuals. While each of these artists was, almost by definition, unique and independent, they all shared an admiration for traditional Chinese culture. Their paintings, usually in monochrome black ink, sometimes with light color, and nearly always depicting Chinese landscapes or similar subjects, were patterned after Chinese literati painting, called wenrenhua (文人画) in Chinese.
Carl Sandburg Village
Carl Sandburg Village is a Chicago urban renewal project of the 1960s in the Near North Side community area of Chicago. It was named in honor of Carl Sandburg. The development was financed by the city of Chicago. It is located between Clark and LaSalle Streets between Division Street and North Avenue. Solomon Cordwell Buenz was its architect.

The development was intended to prevent urban decay from the north from spreading spreading into Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. Over 900 Puerto Rican families were displaced from the La Clark neighborhood during the 1950s and 1960s to make way for its construction.

In 1979 Carl Sandburg Village was converted to condominium ownership. While it is no longer as affordable as when built, it is still a relatively reasonably priced housing option within Chicago's very affluent Gold Coast.

Gold Coast Historic District (Chicago)
The Gold Coast Historic District is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois.  Part of Chicago's Near North Side community area, it is roughly bounded by North Avenue, Lake Shore Drive, Oak Street, and Clark Street.

The nearby East Lake Shore Drive District and parts of northern Streeterville and the Magnificent Mile near the lake also may be considered part of the Gold Coast (such as the area around the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments), even if not technically in the historic designation.  The mayor's office map extends the Gold Coast south to the area of Northwestern University's Chicago campus.

As of 2011, Gold Coast ranks as the seventh-richest urban neighborhood in the United States with a median household income of $153,358.
Marquess of Northampton
Marquess of Northampton is a title that has been created twice, firstly in the Peerage of England (1547), then secondly in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1812). The current holder of this title is Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton.

Charles Compton, 1st Marquess of Northampton
Charles Compton, 1st Marquess of Northampton (24 March 1760 – 24 May 1828), known as Lord Compton from 1763 to 1796 and as the 9th Earl of Northampton from 1796 to 1812, was a British peer and politician.
Chinanu Onuaku
Chinanu Michael Onuaku (born November 1, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for Bnei Herzliya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. In 2021–22, he led the Israeli Basketball Premier League in rebounds per game.

Onuaku is known for his use of underhand free throws, an unorthodox shooting technique most famously used by Rick Barry, one of the most accurate free throw shooters in NBA history. Underhand free throws are very rarely used in the modern NBA as many NBA players view the technique as embarrassing to use; the technique is often pejoratively referred to as "granny style". Onuaku found success by adopting this shooting method, increasing his free throw percentage from 46.7% his freshman year of college to 72.4% his rookie year.

Louisville Cardinals men's basketball
The Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team is the men's college basketball program representing the University of Louisville (U of L) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) of NCAA Division I. The Cardinals have officially won two NCAA championships in 1980 and 1986 (with the 2013 title being vacated); and have officially been to eight Final Fours (with the 2012 and 2013 appearances being vacated) in 39 official NCAA tournament appearances while compiling 61 tournament wins.
South German Scarplands
The South German Scarplands is a geological and geomorphological natural region or landscape in Switzerland and the south German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The landscape is characterised by escarpments.

Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.

Similarity causes  the term scarp to be incorrectly used interchangeably with escarpment, which refers to the margin between two landforms as opposed to scarp, which refers to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage, an escarpment is a ridge that has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side.

More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau that shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Lelea Paea
Lelea Paea (born 6 January 1983 in Sydney, New South Wales) is a former Tonga international rugby league footballer. He previously played for Coca-Cola West Red Sparks rugby union in Japan. He usually plays centre, but has played in wing at times throughout his career.

Tonga national rugby league team
The Tonga national rugby league team (Tongan: timi līki ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in rugby league football. They are currently the 4th ranked team in the world. The team was formed to compete in the 1986 Pacific Cup, and have competed at six Rugby League World Cups, starting in 1995 and continuing consecutively until the most recent tournament. Their best result was at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, where they were semi-finalists.

Formerly administered by the Tonga National Rugby League, the team is now in a state of limbo with administration. They wear a predominantly red uniform with white sides and are associated with the phrase Mate Ma'a Tonga (English: Die for Tonga). They are coached by Australian Kristian Woolf, and captained by Addin Fonua-Blake.
Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent
The Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent was an executive mayoralty that existed from 2002 to 2009, when the executive of Stoke-on-Trent City Council was a directly elected mayor. The authority was unique in being the only authority in England with an elected mayor and council manager.  The first mayor was Mike Wolfe, a former manager of the Citizen's Advice Bureau in the city.  He had stood as an independent, but was defeated by Mark Meredith representing the Labour Party in 2005.  A referendum was held on 24 October 2008.  Residents voted in favour of a return to the council leader and cabinet system.  There was controversy when it was revealed three years later that plans to close a swimming pool in the city had been agreed privately by the former mayor.

Mike Wolfe (politician)
Mike Wolfe is an English former politician. He was the first directly elected mayor of Stoke-on-Trent, sitting in office from 2002 to 2005.  He was formerly employed as the manager of the Citizens Advice Bureau in the city.
Riddle Peaks
Riddle Peaks, also known as Riddle Peak, is an 8,212-foot (2,503-metre) mountain summit located at the head of Riddle Creek in the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. Riddle Peak is situated on the Glacier Peak Wilderness boundary, six miles west of Lake Chelan, and 2.5 mi (4.0 km) northeast of Holden, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest. The nearest higher neighbor is Flora Mountain, 2.25 miles (3.62 km) to the northeast, and Martin Peak lies 3.7 miles (6.0 km) to the west-northwest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek, Riddle Creek, and Devore Creek. Topographic relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises 5,000 feet above the Railroad Creek valley in approximately 2 mi (3.2 km). The first ascent of the peak was made September 11, 1940, by Everett and Ida Zacher Darr, Joe Leuthold, and Eldon Metzger via an easy ridge from Tenmile Pass.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
Jamshed Ansari
Jamshed Ansari (Urdu: جمشید انصاری) (31 December 1942 in Saharanpur – 24 August 2005 in Karachi) was a Pakistani film, television and radio actor.

He is remembered for his numerous performances on both radio and television, including as Safdar in the radio programme Hamid Mian Kay Haan and Hasnat Bhai in the PTV drama Uncle Urfi.

Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV), also known as Pakistan Television, is the Pakistani public broadcaster based in Islamabad, Pakistan, which comprises a number of TV channels.

The PTV is operated and managed directly under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of federal Government of Pakistan since its founding on 26 November 1964 when a pilot television station was established at Lahore, Punjab.
Namatjira Project
The Namatjira Project is an Australian community cultural development project, launched in 2009, conducted by arts and social change company Big hART.  It is based in the Aboriginal communities of Hermannsburg and Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. Its focus is the life and work of the late Albert Namatjira, an Arrernte watercolour landscape artist. The project undertakes community work and has developed an award-winning touring theatre show, Namatjira, which depicts "the commercial appropriation of Aboriginal experience". Written by Scott Rankin, the show features Trevor Jamieson and Derik Lynch.

In 2017 a documentary feature film called Namatjira Project, directed by Sera Davies and produced by Big hART Productions was released. The film shows the actors, along with Namatjira's grandson Kevin, travel to London with the aim of securing copyright for Namatjira's artwork for his family, after it had been sold in 1983 by the Australian Government.

Hermannsburg, Northern Territory
Hermannsburg, also known as Ntaria, is an Aboriginal community in Ljirapinta Ward of the MacDonnell Shire in the Northern Territory of Australia, 125 kilometres (78 mi); west southwest of Alice Springs, on the Finke River, in the traditional lands of the Western Arrarnta people.

Established as a Lutheran Aboriginal mission in 1877, linguist and anthropologist Carl Strehlow documented the local Western Arrernte language during his time there. The  mission was known as Finke River Mission or Hermannsburg Mission, but the former term was later used to included a few more settlements, and from 2014 has applied to all Lutheran missions in Central Australia.

The land was handed over to traditional ownership in 1982 under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, and the area is now heritage-listed.
Protracker
Protracker is a music tracker for the Amiga platform. A free software tool that required no additional equipment, it became popular in the early 1990s with both amateurs and professionals, allowing for sample-based music in the MOD file format.

MOD (file format)
MOD is a computer file format used primarily to represent music, and was the first module file format. It contains a set of instruments in the form of samples, a number of patterns indicating how and when the samples are to be played, and a list of what patterns to play in what order. MOD files use the “.MOD” file extension, except on the Amiga which doesn't rely on filename extensions and instead reads the file's header to determine its format.
2022–23 Persian Gulf Pro League
The 2022–23 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 40th season of Iran's Football League and 22nd as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. The 2022–23 season started on 11 August 2022 and featured 14 teams from the 2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2021–22 Azadegan League: Mes Kerman and Malavan. Shahriyar Moghanlou of Sepahan was the top scorer with 13 goals.

Persian Gulf Pro League
The Persian Gulf Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر خلیج فارس, Lig-e Bartar-e Xalij-e Fârs), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (Persian: لیگ برتر ایران, Lig-e bartar-e Irân), is a professional association football league in Iran and the highest level of the Iranian football league system. It is controlled by the FFIRI and is contested by 16 teams over a 30-matchday period.

Each year, its top team becomes the Iranian football champion, and the two lowest finishers are relegated to the Azadegan League.

Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner of the Persian Gulf Pro League along with the Hazfi Cup champion automatically qualify for the AFC Champions League Elite group stages. The third of the Persian Gulf Pro League is qualified for the AFC Champions League Elite Play-off round. The bottom two teams in the league are relegated to Azadegan League. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Russell Robinson (triple jumper)
Russell Robinson (born June 27, 2001) is an American triple jumper. He won the 2025 USA Outdoor Championships and the 2025 and 2026 USA Indoor Championships. He has represented the United States at multiple major championships, including the 2024 Olympic Games.

2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 2025 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships were held at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon from July 31 to August 3, 2025. They served as USA Track & Field's (USATF) national championships in track and field for the United States. The results of the event determined qualification for the September 13–21, 2025 World Athletics Championships held in Tokyo, Japan. Provided they achieved the World standard or were in the World Athletics ranking quota, the top three athletes in each event gained a place on the Team USA World team. In the event that a leading athlete did not hold the standard (or an athlete withdraws) the next-highest-finishing athlete with the standard was selected instead. USATF is expected to announce their World Championship roster based on these guidelines in August 2025.
Keorapetse Kgositsile
Keorapetse William Kgositsile OIS (19 September 1938 – 3 January 2018), also known by his pen name Bra Willie, was a South African Tswana poet, journalist and political activist. An influential member of the African National Congress in the 1960s and 1970s, he was inaugurated as South Africa's National Poet Laureate in 2006. Kgositsile lived in exile in the United States from 1962 until 1975, the peak of his literary career. He made an extensive study of African-American literature and culture, becoming particularly interested in jazz. During the 1970s he was a central figure among African-American poets, encouraging interest in Africa as well as the practice of poetry as a performance art; he was well known for his readings in New York City jazz clubs. Kgositsile was one of the first to bridge the gap between African poetry and African-American poetry in the United States. His son is American rapper Earl Sweatshirt.

Order of Ikhamanga
The Order of Ikhamanga is a South African civilian honour that recognises achievements in arts, culture, literature, music, journalism, and sports. Before the order was established on 30 November 2003, such achievements were recognised by the Order of the Baobab. The Order of Ikhamanga is granted by the President of South Africa to South African citizens. Ikhamanga is the Xhosa name for Strelitzia reginae, a flower.
Ferrari SF-24
The Ferrari SF-24 (also known by its internal name, Project 676) is a Formula One racing car designed and constructed by Scuderia Ferrari which competed in the 2024 Formula One World Championship. It was driven by Carlos Sainz Jr. and Charles Leclerc, the former in his final season with the team, with reserve driver Oliver Bearman replacing Sainz for the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix due to the former needing emergency surgery for appendicitis.

Making its competitive debut at the Bahrain Grand Prix, the SF-24 holds five victories: Leclerc won the Monaco and Italian Grands Prix, Sainz won the Mexico City Grand Prix, and the car was involved in two 1–2 finishes: one with a returning Sainz at the Australian Grand Prix, and one with Leclerc at the United States Grand Prix. This car has achieved twenty-two podiums, four pole positions, and it holds four fastest laps.

2024 Monaco Grand Prix
The 2024 Monaco Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2024) was a Formula One motor race held on 26 May 2024, at the Circuit de Monaco in Monaco. It was the eighth round of the 2024 Formula One World Championship. The race was won by Monégasque Charles Leclerc, his first victory since the 2022 Austrian Grand Prix and his first victory at home, ahead of Oscar Piastri and Ferrari teammate Carlos Sainz, who completed the podium.

Leclerc became the first Monégasque driver since Louis Chiron in 1931 to win his home Grand Prix, as well as the first Monégasque driver to win the Monaco Grand Prix as a Formula One World Championship event. The Grand Prix also marked the first race in the history of the Formula One World Championship to have the top ten drivers finish the race in grid-order, and the first since the 2020 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to have the top 3 drivers who completed the podium.
Campbelltown, Pennsylvania
Campbelltown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,616 at the 2010 census. It is located east of Hershey at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 and Pennsylvania Route 117 and is located in the Harrisburg metropolitan area.

U.S. Route 322
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a 494-mile-long (795.0 km), east–west United States Highway, traversing Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The road is a spur of US 22 and one of the original highways from 1926. A portion of it at one time was concurrent with the Lakes-to-Sea Highway.
Bob Armstrong (boxer)
Bob Armstrong (September 4, 1873  – January 5, 1933), was a heavyweight boxer known as the "King of the Battle Royal". He was born in Rogersville, Tennessee, but he moved with his family to Washington, Ohio when he was three years old.

Before he got into boxing, Armstrong worked with racing horses in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He made his debut on September 19 in a six-rounder against Joe Choynski in Chicago, Illinois. He lost the decision on points.

Choynski used him as a sparring partner, as did world heavyweight champion pretender Tom Sharkey and the true heavyweight champs Bob Fitzsimmons and Jim Jeffries.

Tom Sharkey
Thomas "Sailor Tom" Sharkey (November 26, 1873 – April 17, 1953) was an Irish professional boxer who laid claim to the world heavyweight title by defeating Bob Fitzsimmons on December 2, 1896 in a highly controversial fight. Sharkey's recorded ring career spanned from 1893 to 1904. He is credited with having won 37 fights (with 34 KOs), 9 losses, 6 draws, and 2 no contests. In 1953, Sharkey was named in Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.

He is notable for his bouts with heavyweight champions James J. Jeffries, "Gentelman Jim" Corbett, and Bob Fitzsimmons, fighting them each twice.
J. D. Trout
J. D. Trout (born 1959) is an American philosopher of science, cognitive scientist, lecturer and nonfiction author who holds the Calamos Endowed Chair in Philosophy at Illinois Institute of Technology. His research centers on the nature of scientific progress, and its influence on human understanding and well-being.

Happiness
Happiness is a complex and multifaceted emotion that encompasses a range of positive feelings, from contentment to intense joy. It is often associated with positive life experiences, such as achieving goals, spending time with loved ones, or engaging in enjoyable activities. However, happiness can also arise spontaneously, without any apparent external cause.

Happiness is closely linked to well-being and overall life satisfaction. Studies have shown that individuals who experience higher levels of happiness tend to have better physical and mental health, stronger social relationships, and greater resilience in the face of adversity.

The pursuit of happiness has been a central theme in philosophy and psychology for centuries. While there is no single, universally accepted definition of happiness, it is generally understood to be a state of mind characterized by positive emotions, a sense of purpose, and a feeling of fulfillment.
RocknRolla
RocknRolla is a 2008 crime comedy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie, featuring an ensemble cast that includes Gerard Butler, Tom Wilkinson, Thandiwe Newton, Mark Strong, Idris Elba, Tom Hardy, Toby Kebbell, Jeremy Piven and Ludacris. It was released in the United Kingdom on 5 September 2008, reaching number one in the UK box office in its first week of release. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

Snatch (film)
Snatch is a 2000 British crime comedy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie, featuring an ensemble cast and set in the London criminal underworld. The film contains two intertwined plots: one following the search for a stolen diamond, and the other focusing on a small-time boxing promoter (Jason Statham) who becomes embroiled with a ruthless gangster (Alan Ford) willing to carry out severe and sadistic acts of violence.

The film shares themes and stylistic elements with Ritchie's first feature, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, and includes many of the same actors. It is noted for its fast-paced editing, ensemble storytelling, and dark comedic tone.