hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valtazar Bogišić
Valtazar Bogišić (Serbian Cyrillic: Валтазар Богишић; 20 December 1834 – 24 April 1908), also known as Baltazar and Baldo Bogišić, was a Serb jurist from Dubrovnik and a pioneer in sociology.

In the domain of private law his most notable research was on family structure and the unique Montenegrin civil code of 1888. He is considered to be a pioneer in the sociology of law and sociological jurisprudence. He was also a follower of the German Historical School of law, and may be considered a transitional figure between the Historical School and sociological approaches to law. In 1902 Bogišić was elected president of the International Institute of Sociology in Paris.

German historical school
This is an article about a school of thought in the area of law. For economics, see historical school of economics.

The German historical school of jurisprudence is a 19th-century intellectual movement in the study of German law. With Romanticism as its background, it conceived of law as the organic expression of a national consciousness (Volksgeist). It stood in opposition to an earlier movement called Vernunftrecht ('rational law').
Lviv Town Hall
The city of Lviv, Ukraine has had a series of town hall buildings since approximately 1357. These have for centuries been recognized landmarks of the community. The modern building located at 1 Market Square is the residence of the Lviv City Council. It is included into a UNESCO World Heritage list as part of the Historic City Centre Ensemble.

Lviv City Council
The Lviv City Council (Ukrainian: Львівська міська рада, romanized: Lvivska miska rada) is the municipal council that governs the Ukrainian city of Lviv. The council has 64 seats and is elected every 5 years.
Tadich Grill
The Tadich Grill is an American seafood restaurant located in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1849, it is the oldest running restaurant in California. Based in the Financial District, the restaurant is located at 240 California Street. The dining experience features Croatian-style cooking techniques that include grilling seafood over mesquite and charcoal broilers for varying flavor profiles and uniform broiling.

California Street (San Francisco)
California Street is a major thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. It is one of the longest streets in San Francisco, and includes a number of important landmarks. It runs in an approximately straight 5.2 mi (8.4 km) east–west line from the Financial District to Lincoln Park on the West Side of the city.
The Boat Race 2005
The 151st Boat Race took place on 27 March 2005. Oxford won the race by two lengths in a time of 16 minutes 41 seconds.  The race, umpired by the six-time Boat Race winner Boris Rankov, featured seven Olympic rowers.  It was the first time the event was broadcast in the United Kingdom on ITV.

In the reserve race Goldie beat Isis and Cambridge won the Women's race.

Cambridge University Boat Club
The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.

The prime constitutional aim of CUBC is to beat Oxford University Boat Club in the annual Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race and Lightweight Boat Races. CUBC's Openweight Men's squad currently lead Oxford in the series by 87 races to 81, with 1 dead heat in The Boat Race 1877, while the Openweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 48 races to 30.  The Lightweight Men's squad lead Oxford by 31 races to 19, and the Lightweight Women's squad lead Oxford by 24 races to 17.
Doctor Who season 26
The 26th season of Doctor Who premiered on 6 September 1989 with the serial Battlefield, and consisted of four serials, ending with Survival, which was the final episode of Doctor Who for over 15 years, until the show was revived in 2005. John Nathan-Turner produced the series, with Andrew Cartmel script editing.

Andrew Cartmel
Andrew J. Cartmel (born 6 April 1958) is a British script editor, author and journalist. He was the script editor of Doctor Who during the Sylvester McCoy era of the show between 1987 and 1989. He has also worked as a script editor on other television series, as a magazine editor, as a comics writer, as a film studies lecturer, and as a novelist.
Phantom Busters
Phantom Busters (Japanese: ファントムバスターズ, Hepburn: Fantomu Basutāzu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Neoshoco. It has been serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Jump Square since August 2023.

Jump Square
Jump Square (Japanese: ジャンプスクエア, Hepburn: Janpu Sukuea), also written as Jump SQ. (ジャンプSQ.), is a Japanese monthly shōnen manga magazine. Published by Shueisha, the magazine premiered on November 2, 2007, as a replacement for Monthly Shōnen Jump, another manga anthology that Shueisha discontinued in June of that year. The magazine is a part of the Jump line of magazines. The manga titles serialized in the magazine are also published in tankōbon volumes under the Jump Comics SQ. imprint. Shueisha reported that readers of Jump Square tend to range from 15 to 34 years of age. The current (2015) editor-in-chief is Kôsuke Yahagi.
Leon Cohen
Leon Cohen  (Greek: Λεών Κοέν; 15 January 1910 in Thessaloniki, Greece – in August 1989 in Bat Yam, Israel), was a Greek Jewish survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp. He was a member of the Sonderkommando in Birkenau from May to November 1944. He was one of the only three members of the Sonderkommando who wrote his memoirs after the war, along with Filip Müller and Marcel Nadjari. He took part in the preparation of the Sonderkommando uprising.

Sonderkommando
Sonderkommandos (German: [ˈzɔndɐkɔˌmando], lit. 'special unit') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp Sonderkommandos, who were always inmates, were unrelated to the SS-Sonderkommandos, which were ad hoc units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945.

The German term was part of the vague and euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., Einsatzkommando, "deployment units").
Spanish conquest of Sardinia
The Spanish conquest of Sardinia, also known as the Spanish expedition to Sardinia, took place between 22 August 1717 and 30 October 1717. It was the first military action between the Kingdom of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), and was the direct cause of the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720). The Spanish troops commanded by the Marquis of Lede and Don José Carrillo de Albornoz, 1st Duke of Montemar, supported by the Spanish fleet, defeated the Emperor's troops easily, and conquered the entire island of Sardinia, which had been ruled by the Emperor since the Treaty of Rastatt (1714), returning it again and for the final time to Spain.

War of the Quadruple Alliance
The War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718 to 1720, was a conflict between Spain and a coalition of Austria, Great Britain, France, and Savoy, with the addition of the Dutch Republic in 1719. Military operations focused primarily on Sicily and Spain, with minor engagements in North America. The Spanish-backed Jacobite rising of 1719 in Scotland is considered a related conflict.

Seeking to recover territories ceded under the 1713 Peace of Utrecht, Spanish troops landed on Sicily in July 1718. On 2 August, Austria, France, Britain and Savoy formed the Quadruple Alliance, and on 11 August, the Royal Navy defeated a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Cape Passaro. Austrian land forces retook Sicily in October 1719, and the British sacked Vigo, which forced its leaders to seek peace terms. The Treaty of The Hague (1720) restored the position prior to 1717, with Savoy and Austria exchanging Sardinia and Sicily.
Guiengola
Guiengola is a Zapotec archeological site located 14 km (8.7 mi) north of Tehuantepec, and 243 km (151 mi) southeast of Oaxaca city on Federal Highway 190. The visible ruins are located between a hill and a river, each carries the name of Guiengola. The name means "large stone" in the local variant of the Zapotec language. There are two main tombs that have been excavated, and both seem to be family interment sites. Both have front chambers that are for religious idols, while the rear chambers are for the burial of important people. The site also has fortified walls, houses, ballgame fields, other tombs and a very large "palace" with remains of artificial ponds and terraces. In the center of the site are 2 plazas, one lower than the other, and 2 pyramids, one to the east and one to the west.

Zapotec civilization
The Zapotec civilization (Be'ena'a (Zapotec) "The People that came from the clouds"; c. 700 BC – AD 1521) is an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica. Archaeological evidence shows that their culture originated at least 2,500 years ago. The Zapotec archaeological site at the ancient city of Monte Albán has monumental buildings, ball courts, tombs and grave goods, including finely worked gold jewelry. Monte Albán was one of the first major cities in Mesoamerica. It was the center of a Zapotec state that dominated much of the territory which today is known as the  Mexican state of Oaxaca. The Zapotec peoples are their modern descendants.
Philip Bean
Philip Thomas Bean (born 24 September 1936) is Emeritus professor of Criminology at Loughborough University, former President of the British Society of Criminology (1996–99) and an authority and author on the impact on society of drugs, mental illness and crime having published 62 works that are held in approximately 6,000 libraries around the world.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
American College (Leuven)
The American College (Dutch: Amerikaans College) is a former Catholic seminary in Leuven, Belgium. It is now a student residence of the KU Leuven (KUL). Founded in 1857 as the American College of the Immaculate Conception, it was operated by United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) to prepare European students to become deacons and priests for service in the United States, and to provide a residence for U.S. clergy studying at the Catholic University of Louvain and its two successor institutions, the KU Leuven (KUL) and the UCLouvain. The seminary closed in June 2011 due to low enrollment and a faculty shortage.

Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)
The Catholic University of Leuven or Louvain (French: Université catholique de Louvain, Dutch: Katholieke Hogeschool te Leuven, later Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven) was founded in 1834 in Mechelen as the Catholic University of Belgium, and moved its seat to the town of Leuven in 1835, changing its name to Catholic University of Leuven. In 1968, it was split into two universities, the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Université catholique de Louvain, following tensions between the Dutch and French-speaking student bodies.
Spatial memory
In cognitive psychology and neuroscience, spatial memory is a form of memory responsible for the recording and recovery of information needed to plan a course to a location and to recall the location of an object or the occurrence of an event. Spatial memory is necessary for orientation in space. Spatial memory can also be divided into egocentric and allocentric spatial memory. A person's spatial memory is required to navigate in a familiar city. A rat's spatial memory is needed to learn the location of food at the end of a maze. In both humans and animals, spatial memories are summarized as a cognitive map.

Spatial memory has representations within working, short-term memory and long-term memory. Research indicates that there are specific areas of the brain associated with spatial memory. Many methods are used for measuring spatial memory in children, adults, and animals.

Short-term memory
Short-term memory  (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for a short interval. For example, short-term memory holds a phone number that has just been recited. The duration of short-term memory (absent rehearsal or active maintenance) is estimated to be on the order of seconds. The commonly cited capacity of 7 items, found in Miller's law, has been superseded by 3-5 items. In contrast, long-term memory holds information indefinitely.

Short-term memory is not the same as working memory, which refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information.
Japanese numerals
The Japanese numerals (数詞, sūshi) are numerals that are used in Japanese. In writing, they are the same as the Chinese numerals, and large numbers follow the Chinese style of grouping by 10,000. Two pronunciations are used: the Sino-Japanese (on'yomi) readings of the Chinese characters and the Japanese yamato kotoba (native words, kun'yomi readings).

On'yomi
On'yomi (Japanese: 音読み; [oɰ̃.jo.mi], lit. 'sound reading') or ondoku (音読; [on.do.kɯ]) is a way of homophonically reading kanji (Chinese characters) in Japanese. The on (音; [oɴ], lit. 'sounds') here are the approximated pronunciations, using Japanese consonants and vowels, of historical Chinese words. In contrast, the "readings" acquired from the translations of those same Chinese words into Japanese are known as kun'yomi.

A single kanji might have multiple on'yomi pronunciations, reflecting the Chinese pronunciations from different time periods or regions. On'yomi pronunciations are generally classified into go-on, kan-on, tō-on and kan'yō-on, roughly based on when they were borrowed from Chinese during the peaks of the Sinosphere.

Generally, on'yomi pronunciations are used for technical, compound words, which were mostly foreign loanwords from Ancient China; while the native kun'yomi pronunciation is used for singular, simpler words.
Monosodium phosphate
Monosodium phosphate (MSP), also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH2PO4. It is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen phosphate anions (H2PO−4). One of many sodium phosphates, it is a common industrial chemical. The salt exists in an anhydrous form, as well as monohydrate and dihydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O and NaH2PO4·2H2O respectively).

Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.

The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.

The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.
Tønder lace
Tønder lace is a point-ground type of handmade bobbin lace identified with the Tønder region of Denmark since about 1850, although lace of many types has been made there since as early as 1650. The term is also used more broadly, to refer to any bobbin lace made in Denmark.

Tønder lace was traditionally made in fine linen thread, imported from the Netherlands. Since the disappearance of the very fine linen threads, it has commonly been made in cotton.  It is characterized by honeycomb fillings in motifs, square tallies in the ground, and the use of a gimp, a heavy thread outlining the cloth-stitch motifs. It often had large holes in the motif, called "Copenhagen holes", which were an attempt on the part of the lacemakers to speed up production of the lace, as they strove to compete with the cheaper machine lace. The designs used were similar to Mechlin lace, with many flowers.

Bobbin lace ground
Bobbin lace ground is the regular small mesh filling the open spaces of continuous bobbin lace. Other names for bobbin lace ground are net or réseau (French for network). The precise course of the threads and the resultant shape of the ground are an important diagnostic feature in lace identification, as different lace styles use different grounds.
Callionymoidei
Callionymoidei /kæliˈɒnɪmɪfɔːrmiːz/ is a suborder of syngnathiform fish containing two families, the dragonets Callionymidae and the Draconettidae. In the past, this group was treated as either the suborder Callionymoidei of the wider Perciformes (now known to be a paraphyletic treatment), or as a distinct order Callionymiformes. Nelson (2016) recognised it as a distinct oder but subsequent workers have suggested that if Callionymiformes is recognised as an order then the order Syngnathiformes is rendered paraphyletic and include Callionmyoidei within that taxon. It is presently considered a suborder of Syngnathiformes.

Dragonet
Dragonets are small percomorph marine fish of the diverse family Callionymidae (from the Greek kallis, "beautiful" and onyma, "name") found mainly in the tropical waters of the western Indo-Pacific. They are benthic organisms, spending most of their time near the sandy bottoms, at a depth of roughly two hundred meters. There exist 139 species of the fish, in nineteen genera.

Due to similarities in morphology and behavior, dragonets are sometimes confused with members of the goby family. However, male dragonets can be differentiated from the goby by their very long dorsal fins, and females by their protruding lower jaws. The Draconettidae may be considered a sister family, whose members are very much alike, though rarely seen.
Sri Lankan military bands
Sri Lankan military bands (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා යුද හමුදා කණ්ඩායම) refer to the joint-service musical units of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces representing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, and the Sri Lanka Air Force. The three bands mentioned, which were established in 1949, 1952 and 1970 respectively and are the seniormost in the armed forces. They are composed of many ceremonial marching bands as well as concert bands which are base for the band's success. The band participates in main social and cultural events, including formal state visits and military parades. All army regiments also contain a regimental band for ceremonial duties.

Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band,  symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the piano, double bass, and harp. On rare occasions, additional, non-traditional instruments may be added to such ensembles such as synthesizer, electric guitar, and bass guitar.

Concert band music generally includes original wind compositions, concert marches, transcriptions of orchestral arrangements, light music, and popular music. Though the concert band does have similar instrumentation to the marching band, a marching band's main purpose is to perform while marching. In contrast, a concert band usually performs as a stationary ensemble, though European ensembles often do both.
The Legend Continues (album)
The Legend Continues... is the eighth solo studio album by American recording artist Kokane. It was released in 2012 through Bud E Boy Entertainment with distribution by Cycadelic Records. Production was handled by Kokane himself along with Squeeze, Tha Chill, West Coast Stone, David Williams and J. Wells. The album features guest appearances from KM.G of Above The Law, Caviar and C-Bo.

The album reached number 196 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, making it Kokane's the most successful studio album to date (along with Dr. Kokastien mixtape).

Tha Chill
Vernon Johnson (born December 24, 1970), professionally known by his stage name Tha Chill, is an American rapper and record producer. He embarked on his music career in the early 1990s, as a co-founder of the Compton-based West Coast hip-hop/gangsta rap group Compton's Most Wanted, along with frontman Aaron "MC Eiht" Tyler. During his childhood, Johnson dropped out of high school and hooked up with neighbourhood friend MC Eiht, to form the group.
Aha Naa Pellanta (TV series)
Aha Naa Pellanta is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language streaming television series directed by Sanjeev Reddy and produced by Surya Rahul Tamada under the Tamada Media banner. It stars Raj Tarun and Shivani Rajashekhar in lead roles, while Aamani, Harsha Vardhan, and Getup Srinu in supporting roles. Set in the backdrop of Rajamundry, the series is a comical narrative of a groom, isolated by the bride on their wedding day. The series was released on ZEE5 on 17 November 2022.

Shivani Rajashekar
Shivani Rajashekar is an Indian actress who appears primarily in Telugu films. She made her debut in Adbhutham (2021). Shivani was supposed to represent Tamil Nadu in the Femina Miss India 2022, but withdrew for medical reasons.
Anai Mogini
Anai Mogini (Bengali: আনাই মগিনি; born 1 March 2003) is a Bangladeshi women's football defender who plays as a right-back for Bashundhara Kings Women. She currently plays at the Bangladesh women's national under-17 football team. She was a member of the AFC U-14 Girls' Regional Championship – South and Central winning team in 2016 in Tajikistan. She scored a goal in that tournament. She is the older twin sister of Anuching Mogini, who also plays football.

Bangladesh women's national under-17 football team
The Bangladesh women's national under-17 football team represents Bangladesh in international women's under-17 football in the AFC U-17 Women's Asian Cup and the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup. It is controlled by the Bangladesh Football Federation. They have qualified for the 2017 AFC U-16 Women's Championship in Thailand in September 2017. That was the 1st time, this team played in the final round of the tournament after 2005 edition.
Ann Linnea Sandberg
Ann Linnea Sandberg (August 4, 1938 – December 31, 2009) was an American immunologist and the acting director of the Center for Integrative Craniofacial Research at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Previously, Sandberg was a lab chief and researcher for 23 years in the NIH Intramural Research Program at NIDCR.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) is a branch of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The institute aims to improve the oral, dental, and craniofacial health through research and the distribution of important health information to the American people.