hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Church of Saint Menas of Samatya
Saint Menas  (Greek: Ἄγιος Μηνάς, pr. Ágios Minás; Turkish: Ayios Minas Kilisesi) is a Greek Orthodox Church in Istanbul.

The edifice was built in 1833 near an early Christian Martyrion of the fourth or fifth century, possibly dedicated to the saints Carpus and Papylus (Greek: Μονὴ τῶν ἁγίων Κάρπου καὶ Παπὺλου, Monì ton Agíon Kárpou kai Papýlou ), and on the site of an ancient church dedicated to Hagios Polykarpos.
The modern church has the same dedication as a nearby water source (Greek: Hagiásma, Turkish: Ayazma).

Polycarp
Polycarp (/ˈpɒlikɑːrp/; Greek: Πολύκαρπος, Polýkarpos; Latin: Polycarpus; AD 69 – 155) was a Christian bishop of Smyrna. According to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, he died a martyr, bound and burned at the stake, then stabbed when the fire failed to consume his body. Polycarp is regarded as a saint and Church Father in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism.

Both Irenaeus and Tertullian say that Polycarp had been a disciple of John the Apostle, one of Jesus's disciples. In On Illustrious Men, Jerome similarly writes that Polycarp was a disciple of John the Apostle, who had ordained him as a bishop of Smyrna. Polycarp is regarded as one of three chief Apostolic Fathers, along with Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is the term used for a benign lesion of the breast that indicates an increased risk of breast cancer.

The name of the entity is descriptive of the lesion; ADH is characterized by cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) within one or two breast ducts and (histomorphologic) architectural abnormalities, i.e. the cells are arranged in an abnormal or atypical way, more so than usual ductal hyperplasia.

In the context of a core (needle) biopsy, ADH is considered an indication for a breast lumpectomy, also known as a surgical (excisional) biopsy, to exclude the presence of breast cancer.

Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, an interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist. The process involves the extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is then fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, stained and mounted before it is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist; it may also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. Biopsies are most commonly performed for insight into possible cancerous or inflammatory conditions.
Keanu Carver
Kevin Isaiah Robertson (born December 22, 1998) is an American professional wrestler signed to WWE, performing on the NXT brand. A former collegiate football player, Carver has competed for WWE’s developmental brands, including NXT Level Up and Evolve, and was part of the 2023 WWE NXT Men's Breakout Tournament.

NXT Breakout Tournament
The NXT Breakout Tournament is a professional wrestling single elimination tournament produced by professional wrestling promotion WWE for the NXT brand. It was first introduced in 2019 and features eight wrestlers who are new arrivals on NXT (usually WWE Performance Center recruits making their WWE NXT television debuts). The winner receives a championship match of their choice, which they can cash in at any time.
Haderslev (nomination district)
Haderslev nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that was created for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform. It consists of Haderslev Municipality. It was created in 1920 following its reunification with Denmark, though its boundaries have been changed since then.

In general elections, the district is a strong area for parties commonly associated with the blue bloc.

Elections in Denmark
There are three types of elections in Denmark: elections to the national parliament (the Folketing), local elections (to municipal and regional councils), and elections to the European Parliament. Referendums may also be called to consult the Danish citizens directly on an issue of national concern.

Parliamentary elections are called by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually three to four years after the last election, although early elections may occur. Elections to local councils (municipal or regional) and to the European Parliament are held on fixed dates. Elections use the party-list proportional representation system. All Danish citizens, living in the Kingdom of Denmark and at least 18 years of age, are eligible to vote in parliamentary elections and long-time residents may vote in local elections.
Maximum a posteriori estimation
An estimation procedure that is often claimed to be part of Bayesian statistics is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of an unknown quantity, that equals the mode of the posterior density with respect to some reference measure, typically the Lebesgue measure. The MAP can be used to obtain a point estimate of an unobserved quantity on the basis of empirical data. It is closely related to the method of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, but employs an augmented optimization objective which incorporates a prior density over the quantity one wants to estimate.  MAP estimation is therefore a regularization of maximum likelihood estimation, so is not a well-defined statistic of the Bayesian posterior distribution.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Michael Barrett (parasitologist)
Michael Barrett OBE FMedSci FRSE (born 29 December 1964) is Professor of Biochemical Parasitology at the University of Glasgow. His research focuses on understanding how drugs work against parasites and how parasites become resistant to drugs. He is also Director of Glasgow Polyomics, a facility specialising in genomic, proteomic and metabolomic technologies, and directs the Scottish Universities Life Sciences Alliance (SULSA). Barrett advises several international organisations on issues surrounding drug development and resistance, including the World Health Organization (WHO) where he is part of the expert group on human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi).

Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Fellowship of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) is an award for medical scientists who are judged by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences for the "excellence of their science, their contribution to medicine and society and the range of their achievements".
Siswal
Siswal is a village in Hisar district, Haryana, India. It located 28 km from Hisar city. It is a site of Chalcolithic age. It is a typesite for Siswal culture, dating from around 3800 BC, also known as Sothi–Siswal culture.

Type site
In archaeology, a type site (American English) or type-site (British English) is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it. For example, discoveries at La Tène and Hallstatt led scholars to divide the European Iron Age into the La Tène culture and Hallstatt culture, named after their respective type sites.

The concept is similar to type localities in geology and type specimens in biology.
Noor Zehra
Noor Zehra Kazim is a Pakistani musician and Sagar Veena player. She is the daughter of lawyer and activist Raza Kazim who invented Sagar Veena - a stringed instrument similar to Vichitra veena and Chitra Veena. Together with her father she runs Sanjan Nagar Institute of Philosophy and Arts, and is the only performer of Sagar Veena since its creation in 1971. With a career spanned over four decades, she has performed both domestically and internationally, achieving critical appraisal for instrument, as well as her Indian style of music being a non-Indian.

She made her Coke Studio debut in season 3 and returned in season 9,  as a part of team Noori. She is the mother of Noori's lead vocalist Ali Noor and guitarist Ali Hamza.

Gottuvadyam
The gottuvadyam is a 20 or 21-string fretless lute-style veena in Carnatic music from around the late 19th and early 20th centuries, named by Sakha Rama Rao from Tiruvidaimarudur, who was responsible for bringing it back to the concert scene.

It is also known as chitravina (Sanskrit: चित्रवीणा), chitra veena, chitraveena, chitra vina, hanumad vina and  mahanataka vina.

Today it is played mainly in South India, though its origins can be traced back to Bharata's Natya Shastra (200 BCE-200 CE), where it is mentioned as a seven string fretless instrument. Sarangadeva (1210–47) also made a similar reference to the chitravina in his work, Sangita Ratnakara.
Fedora Unity
Fedora Unity is a community project to build comprehensive and concise websites and content that provide Fedora users and contributors with quality information.

All submissions to the project are covered by the Open Publication License (with no options) unless otherwise noted in order to allow submission to the Fedora Documentation Project.

Fedora Linux
Fedora Linux is a free and open-source Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project. It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the Red Hat Linux project. It contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies. It is now the upstream source for CentOS Stream and Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Since the release of Fedora 21 in December 2014, three editions have been made available: personal computer, server and cloud computing. This was expanded to five editions for containerization and Internet of Things (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022. A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months.

As of February 2016, Fedora Linux has an estimated 1.2 million users, and is also the distribution used by Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel (as of November 2025).
Dita Krūmberga
Dita Krūmberga (born 20 March 1984 in Riga) is a retired Latvian women's basketball player. She joined TTT Rīga in 2008. Previously she had played for SK Cēsis, as well as several other local and foreign clubs before 2000. She played in Mount St. Mary's NCAA team from 2004 until 2007.

Krūmberga contributed to the successes of the team in EuroBaskets 2007 and 2009. Krūmberga also played in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

EuroBasket Women 2009
The 2009 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called EuroBasket Women 2009, was the 32nd regional championship held by FIBA Europe. The competition was held in Latvia from June 7 to June 20, 2009.
A Simple Wish
A Simple Wish is a 1997 American children's-fantasy-comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie, and starring Martin Short, Mara Wilson, and Kathleen Turner. The film is about Murray (Short), a bumbling male fairy godmother who tries to prove himself capable by helping a young girl named Annabel Gleening (Wilson) fulfill her wish that her father, aspiring actor Oliver (Robert Pastorelli), wins the leading role in a Broadway musical.

It was the final film to be directed by Michael Ritchie, before his death in 2001 (not counting The Fantasticks (2000), which was shot in 1995). It bombed at the box office and received mixed to negative reviews from critics with praise for its cast and humor but criticisms for its weak plot.

Fairy godmother
In fairy tales, a fairy godmother (French: fée marraine; Spanish: Hada Madrina) is a fairy with magical powers who acts as a mentor or surrogate parent to someone, in the role that an actual godparent was expected to play in many societies. The fairy godmother is a special case of the donor.

Rather than stemming from folklore, these figures come from the fairy tales of précieuses, and their presence there influenced many later tales and fantasy based on fairy tales.
Gafat people
The Gafat people (Amharic: ጋፋት) are an extinct ethnic group that were once inhabited along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia, and later, pushed south of Gojjam in what is now East Welega Zone. They spoke the Gafat language, an extinct South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages and closely related to Harari and Eastern Gurage languages.  According to Alaqa Taye, in the year 1922 Gafat was only spoken privately in Gojjam due to the Amhara designating them outcasts.

Gojjam
Gojjam (Amharic: ጎጃም gōjjām, originally ጐዛም gʷazzam, later ጐዣም gʷažžām, ጎዣም gōžžām) is a historical provincial kingdom in northwestern Ethiopia, with its capital city at Debre Markos.

During the 18th century, Gojjam's western neighbors were Agawmeder in the southwest and Qwara in the northwest. Agawmeder, never an organized political entity, was gradually absorbed by Gojjam until it reached west to the Sultanate of Gubba; Juan Maria Schuver noted in his journeys in Agawmeder (September 1882) that in three prior months, "the Abyssinians considerably advanced their frontier towards the West, effacing what was left of the independent regions." Gubba acknowledged its dependence to Emperor Menelik II in 1898, but by 1942 was absorbed into Gojjam. Dek Island in Lake Tana was administratively part of Gojjam until 1987.
The capital city is Bahir Dar.
Prema Racing
Prema Racing (sometimes stylised as PREMA Racing), previously known as Prema Powerteam, is an Italian motorsport team, owned and operated through the DC Racing Solutions parent company. Founded in 1983, the team is based in Grisignano di Zocco and currently operates out of Italy and the United States. They are the sister team of Iron Lynx and its own sister team, Iron Dames.

Prema participate in various junior championships and have been a talent pool for several Formula 1 junior programs including: Toyota, Renault, Ferrari, Mercedes, Red Bull, and Williams. Their participation in motorsports is not limited to junior formulae though, as the team made their FIA World Endurance Championship and European Le Mans Series debuts in 2022, marking the beginning of their efforts in the endurance racing. They also started competing in the IndyCar Series during 2025.

As of 2025, Prema are fielding 29 drivers and participate in fourteen championships under various names.

Ferrari Driver Academy
The Scuderia Ferrari Driver Academy is a driver development program by Scuderia Ferrari to nurture young talent within its own organisation for potential Formula One entries. Over the years, several Academy drivers have progressed onto F1, such as Charles Leclerc, Sergio Pérez, Lance Stroll, Mick Schumacher, Zhou Guanyu and Oliver Bearman.

The Academy is currently supervised by Jérôme d'Ambrosio, who competed in Formula One between 2011 and 2012.
Maidstone-class frigate
The Maidstone-class frigate was a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate class of two ships designed by Sir John Henslow and  ordered on 4 February 1795. The class was a close copy of Henslow's earlier Alcmene class, but was constructed of pitch pine instead of oak. With concerns over whether the lighter building material would safely hold an armament of 18-pounder long guns, the class was instead armed with smaller 12-pounders. Both ships of the class served through the French Revolutionary Wars, but neither had a long career. Shannon was sold at Sheerness Dockyard in May 1802 and Maidstone was placed in ordinary at Chatham Dockyard in 1804 before being broken up in 1810.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
Gubat
Gubat, officially the Municipality of Gubat (Gubatnon: Bungto san Gubat; Waray: Bungto han Gubat, Tagalog: Bayan ng Gubat), is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 61,095 people.

It is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable. The people who live here speak the Gubat language which is also a dialect of Waray-Waray of Eastern Visayas, a Southern Sorsoganon sub-language and they were called Gubatnons.

Waray language
Waray (also known as Waray-Waray or Bisayâ/Binisayâ and Winaray/Waray, Spanish: idioma samareño meaning Samar language) is an Austronesian language and the fifth-most-spoken native regional language of the Philippines, native to Eastern Visayas. It is the native language of the Waray people and second language of the Abaknon people of Capul, Northern Samar, and some Cebuano-speaking peoples of western and southern parts of Leyte island. It is the third most spoken language among the Bisayan languages, only behind Cebuano and Hiligaynon.
Domlur Chokkanathaswamy temple
Chokkanathaswamy temple, at Domlur in the Indian city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India, is dedicated to the deity known as Chokkanathaswamy or Chokka Perumal (the Hindu god Vishnu). It is one of the oldest temples in the city . The temple has numerous Kannada and Tamil inscriptions that have been documented in the Epigraphia Carnatica Vol 9, Bangalore District (1905ed). Based on these inscriptions the temple is at least as old as 1200 CE.

Epigraphia Carnatica
Epigraphia Carnatica is a set of books on epigraphy of the Old Mysore region of India, compiled by Benjamin Lewis Rice, the Director of the Mysore Archaeological Department. Over a period of about ten years between 1894 and 1905, Rice published the books in a set of twelve volumes. The books contain the study of about 9,000 inscriptions from lithic surfaces and copper plates, which were found in the region. Apart from the original inscription, an English translation and a Roman transliteration are also provided.
Beniquez Brown
Beniquez Jacoi Brown (born April 29, 1993) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played college football at Mississippi State. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2016, and later played for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football and the Houston Roughnecks of the XFL.

Mississippi State Bulldogs football
The Mississippi State Bulldogs football program represents Mississippi State University in the sport of American football. The Bulldogs compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as well as the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They also have won one SEC championship in 1941 and a division championship in 1998. The Bulldogs have 27 postseason bowl appearances. The program has produced 38 All-Americans (three consensus), 171 All-SEC selections, and 124 NFL players (11 first-round draft picks). The Bulldogs’ home stadium, Davis Wade Stadium at Scott Field, is the second oldest in the NCAA Division I FBS.
Virago (horse)
Virago (1851–1869) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. In a career which lasted from November 1853 to July 1855 she ran sixteen times and won eleven races. All but one of her victories came as a three-year-old in 1854, a year in which she dominated British racing, winning major events at distances ranging from one mile to three miles. Her wins included the classic 1000 Guineas at Newmarket, the Nassau Stakes and the Yorkshire Oaks against her own age and sex. More notable were her successes in open competition, including the Goodwood and Doncaster Cups and three of the season's most valuable handicap races. She was regarded by many British experts as one of the greatest racehorses of the 19th century.

Goodwood Cup
The Goodwood Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Goodwood over a distance of 2 miles (3,219 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.
Federica Testa
Federica Testa (born 27 August 1993) is an Italian-born former competitive ice dancer who is best known for her partnership with Lukáš Csölley for Slovakia. Together, they won four ISU Challenger Series medals and three Slovak national titles. They achieved their best ISU Championship result, 8th, at the 2015 and 2016 European Championships.

Testa competed with Christopher Mior and Andrea Malnati for Italy until 2011.

ISU Challenger Series
The ISU Challenger Series is a series of ten international figure skating competitions sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU) and organized by ISU member nations. The series was introduced in 2014; its stated goal is to provide consistent organization and structure within a series of international competitions, as well as opportunities for senior-level skaters to compete at the international level while also earning World Standing points. The Nebelhorn Trophy, the Nepela Memorial, and the Golden Spin of Zagreb have been regular competitions in the series since the beginning, as was the Finlandia Trophy until 2024. Skaters and teams are eligible to compete in up to three Challenger Series events each season, and their top two scores are combined to calculate their total Challenger Series scores.
83 Leonis
83 Leonis, abbreviated 83 Leo, is a binary star system approximately 59 light-years away in the constellation of Leo (the Lion).  The primary star of the system is a cool orange subgiant star, while the secondary star is an orange dwarf star.  The two stars are separated by at least 515 astronomical units from each other, and have a combined apparent magnitude of 6.12.  Both stars are presumed to be cooler than the Sun.

The primary star is also known as HD 99491 and the secondary star as HD 99492. In 2005, an exoplanet was confirmed to be orbiting the secondary star within the system.

Subgiant
A subgiant is a star that is brighter than a normal main-sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as  giant stars. The term subgiant is applied both to a particular spectral luminosity class and to a stage in the evolution of a star.
William Steel Dickson
William Steel Dickson (1744–1824) was an Irish Presbyterian minister and member of the Society of the United Irishmen, committed to the cause of Catholic Emancipation, democratic reform, and national independence. He was arrested on the eve of the United Irish rising in his native County Down in June 1798, and not released until January 1802.

Catholic emancipation
Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the penal laws. Requirements to abjure (renounce) the temporal and spiritual authority of the pope and transubstantiation placed major burdens on Roman Catholics.