hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Information Society Project
The Information Society Project (ISP) at Yale Law School is an intellectual center studying the implications of the Internet and new information technologies for law and society. The ISP was founded in 1997 by Jack Balkin, Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. Jack Balkin is the director of the ISP.

Chinmayi Arun is the executive director of the ISP (2022–present). Previous Executive Directors have included Valerie Belair-Gagnon (2014–22), Margot E. Kaminsky (2011–14), Laura DeNardis (2008–11), and Eddan Katz.

Faculty Fellows have included: Yochai Benkler, Professor of Law; Ian Ayres, William K. Townsend Professor of Law; Robert Post (law professor), David, Boies Professor of Law; Carol Rose, Gordon Bradford Tweedy, Professor of Law and Organization; and Henry Smith, Professor of Law. Fellows have included: Beth Simone Noveck, Mike Godwin, Wendy Seltzer, Peter Suber, and Michael Zimmer.

Robert Post (law professor)
Robert Charles Post (born October 17, 1947) is an American legal scholar who is currently a professor of law at Yale Law School. He was the dean of Yale Law School from 2009 to 2017.
Post has been quoted in the New York Times on the composition of the Supreme Court. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2011. 
Post's academic interests include constitutional law, First Amendment, legal history, and affirmative action. His book entitled, Citizens Divided (2014), looks at the constitutional aspects of electoral campaign finance.
Derek McGrath (hurler)
Derek McGrath (born 30 May 1976) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a centre-forward for the Waterford senior team. He is a former manager of the Waterford senior team.

Born in Waterford, McGrath first played competitive hurling during his schooldays. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Waterford minor team, before later lining out with the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel for the 1996 championship, and was a seldom used player until he left inter-county hurling after the 1998 championship.

At club level McGrath is a Munster medallist with De La Salle. He also won one championship medal.

In retirement from playing, McGrath became involved in team management and coaching. After guiding De La Salle College to Harty Cup and Croke Cup successes, he managed the De La Salle club to championship success before taking over as Waterford manager.

Dr Croke Cup
The All-Ireland Post-Primary Schools Croke Cup, is an annual inter-schools hurling competition organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association. It is the highest inter-schools hurling competition in Ireland, and has been contested every year, except on two occasions, since 1944.

The All-Ireland final, usually held in March, serves as the culmination of a knockout series of games played in February and March. Currently, qualification for the All-Ireland series is limited to teams competing in Connacht, Leinster and Munster. Eligible players must be under the age of 19.

The title has been won at least once by 17 different schools, nine of which have won the title more than once. The all-time record-holders are St Kieran's College, who have won the competition 24 times.

St Kieran's College are the current champions, having beaten St. Raphael's College by 0-26 to 1-18 in the 2024 All-Ireland final.
Thomas Quellinus
Thomas Quellinus (March 1661 – September 1709), also known, especially in Denmark, as Thomas Qvellinus, was a Flemish baroque sculptor. He was born in Antwerp as a member of the well-known Quellinus family of artists active in 17th century Antwerp. He worked most of his career in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he operated a workshop.  He is especially known for the production of grandiose and sumptuous memorial chapels, sepulchral monuments and epitaphs, which can be found in churches throughout Denmark and northern Germany's Schleswig-Holstein area. His chapels and monuments are dramatically composed, executed in rare, differently coloured types of marble and framed by monumental architectural components.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
The School (TV series)
#School (Ukrainian: Школа, romanized: Shkola) is a Ukrainian teen drama television series that aired on 1+1 on 15 January 2018. Directed by Iryna Lytvynenko, Serhii Tolkushkin and Serhii Umanets, it centers on typical teen life in one of the contemporary schools in Ukraine and troubles they confront.

From 15 January 2018, the first season was broadcast on 1+1, where it became the highest-rated series in Ukrainian TV in the autumn 2017 – winter 2018 television season. The final third season "The School. Graduation" was broadcast in March from 4 to 14, 2019. According to the official series Instagram page, the third season was the last one.

In Mass Media, the TV series is known as the first Ukrainian teen drama.

1+1 (TV channel)
1+1 (Ukrainian: один плюс один, romanized: odyn plius odyn) is a national Ukrainian language TV channel owned by 1+1 Media Group. It has the second-largest geographic reach of any channel in Ukraine, covering 95% of Ukraine's territory.

Since 1 December 2022, the original 1+1 channel is branded as 1+1 Marafon relaying United News. The rest of its output was spun-off to an emergency channel, 1+1 Ukraine, which started broadcasting on 24 December 2022.
Gilbert Fraser
Gilbert Fraser (22 July 1894 – 1 November 1958) was an Australian politician, postmaster and World War II Telegraphist. He was a Labor Party member in the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1928 to 1958, representing West Province. He served as Chief Secretary and Minister for Local Government and Town Planning from 1953 to 1958, and was Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council from 1955 to 1958.

Telegraphist
A telegraphist (British English), telegrapher (American English), or telegraph operator is a person who uses a telegraph key to send and receive Morse code messages in a telegraphy system. These messages, also called telegrams, can be transmitted electronically by land lines, or wirelessly by radio.
Renée Gilly
Renée Gilly (19 April 1906 – 31 March 1977) was a French operatic mezzo-soprano. She was a long-time principal member of the Opéra-Comique, where she performed leading roles such as Massenet's Charlotte, Mascagni's Santuzza, and Bizet's Carmen. She appeared in world premieres and sang as a guest at major opera houses in Europe.

Cavalleria rusticana
Cavalleria rusticana (pronounced [kavalleˈriːa rustiˈkaːna]; Italian for 'Rustic Chivalry') is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from an 1880 short story of the same name and subsequent play by Giovanni Verga. Considered one of the classic verismo operas, it premiered on 17 May 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called "Cav/Pag" double-bill with Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo.
Tiago Mendes
Tiago Cardoso Mendes OIH (Portuguese pronunciation: [tiˈaɣu kɐɾˈðozu ˈmẽdɨʃ]; born 2 May 1981), known simply as Tiago, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

He played in five of Europe's major leagues, Portugal, England, France, Italy and Spain. He notably spent eight seasons with Atlético Madrid, winning five major titles including the 2013–14 La Liga and the 2012 Europa League.

A Portugal international on 66 occasions, Tiago represented the nation in two World Cups and Euro 2004. He later worked briefly as a manager.

2012 UEFA Europa League final
The 2012 UEFA Europa League Final was the final match of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, the 41st season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA (after the UEFA Champions League), and the 3rd season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League. The match was played on 9 May 2012 at the Arena Națională in Bucharest, Romania, and was contested between two Spanish sides – Atlético Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. The match ended with Atlético Madrid winning 3–0, with Radamel Falcao scoring two goals and Diego scoring another. In doing so, Falcao was named man of the match, and became the first player to win back-to-back Europa League titles with different teams.

The winners earned the right to play against Chelsea, the winners of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League, in the 2012 UEFA Super Cup.
Mountmellick GAA
Mountmellick GAA  (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Móinteach Milic)  is a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic Football and Hurling club in the town of Mountmellick in County Laois, Ireland. It fields teams in both football and hurling from juvenile up to adult.

At adult level, the club is a dual football and hurling club. Mountmellick field football teams at Intermediate and Junior B and Hurling Teams at Premier Intermediate and Junior C. Mountmellick is the only hurling club in the Mountmellick parish.

Laois Intermediate Football Championship
The Laois Intermediate Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football competition contested by mid-tier Laois GAA clubs. The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1907.

Park–Ratheniska are the title holders (2025), having defeated Arles–Kilcruise in the final.
Ashok Agarwal
Ashok Agarwal is the former Director of the Andrology Center, and also the former Director of Research at the American Center for Reproductive Medicine at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA. He is a former Professor at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, USA. Ashok is a former Senior Staff in the Cleveland Clinic's Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute. He has published extensive translational research in human infertility and assisted reproduction.

Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication. When used to address infertility, ART may also be referred to as fertility treatment. ART primarily belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility Some forms of ART may be used about fertile couples for genetic purposes (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis). ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART.
The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider, as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments or with behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits.
Nikola Vitov Gučetić
Nikola Vitov Gučetić (Italian: Nicolò Vito di Gozzi, Latin: Nicolai Viti Gozzii; 1549–1610) was a Ragusan statesman, polymath, philosopher, science writer and author of one of the first scientific dissertations regarding speleology.

Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian and Latin; Raguxa in Venetian) in South Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) in Southern Europe that carried that name from 1358 until 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire and formally annexed by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1808. By then it had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. Its motto was "Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro", a Latin phrase which can be translated as "Liberty is not well sold for all the gold".
The Italian Flag
The Italian Flag, is the third album by the band Prolapse, released in October 1997 on Radar Records in the UK. The album was produced by Donald Ross Skinner, who then joined the band, playing on the subsequent tours to support the album's release.

The album was originally released on double 12” vinyl and CD by Radar Records in the UK & Europe, and on CD by Jetset Records in the US.

Radar Records
Radar Records was a UK-based record label formed in late 1977 by Martin Davis (managing director) who had previously worked at United Artists Records, and Andrew Lauder, who had previously been head of A&R at the UK divisions of Liberty Records and United Artists. The label's first records were released in early 1978.
Feridun Sinirlioğlu
Feridun Hadi Sinirlioğlu (born 30 January 1956) is a Turkish diplomat and politician serving as the Secretary General of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) since 6 December 2024. Previously, he served as permanent representative of Turkey to the United Nations from 2016 to 2023 and as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey from August 2015 to November 2015.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkish: Dışişleri Bakanlığı) is the governmental body responsible for conducting foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey. The Ministry is responsible for Turkey's diplomatic missions abroad as well as providing support for Turkish citizens and  promoting  Turkish culture. The ministry  implements Turkish foreign policy in accordance with the country's national interests. Established on 2 May 1920, its primary duties are administering diplomatic missions, negotiating international treaties and agreements, and representing the Republic of Turkey at the United Nations.

The ministry is headquartered in the Turkish capital of Ankara and counts on more than 200 missions as embassies, permanent representation offices and consulates general, abroad. As of 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs maintains 235 diplomatic posts worldwide.

The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Hakan Fidan, who has held the position since 3 June 2023.
Iterator pattern
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.

For example, the hypothetical algorithm searchForElement() can be implemented generally using a specified type of iterator rather than implementing it as a container-specific algorithm. This allows searchForElement() to be used on any container that supports the required type of iterator.

Iterator
In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order.

A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards.

An iterator is often implemented in terms of the structure underlying a collection implementation and is often tightly coupled to the collection to enable the operational semantics of the iterator.

An iterator is behaviorally similar to a database cursor.

Iterators date to the CLU programming language in 1974.
Margaret Mary Vojtko
Margaret Mary Vojtko (January 15, 1930 – September 1, 2013) was an American adjunct professor of French at Duquesne University. Her death caused controversy at Duquesne and prompted conversations about unions and the role of adjunct faculty at American universities.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Piaras Feiritéar
Piaras Feiritéar (Irish pronunciation: [ˈpʲiəɾˠəsˠ fʲɛɾʲəˈtʲeːɾˠ]; 1600 – 1653), or Pierce Ferriter, was an Irish clan Chief, and poet. Although best known for his many works of Bardic poetry in the Irish language, Feiritéar is also a widely revered folk hero in the Dingle Peninsula for his role as a leader of the nascent Irish Confederacy, which led to his 1653 summary execution at Killarney for resisting the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

Bard
In Celtic cultures, a bard is an oral repository and professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

With the decline of a living bardic tradition in the modern period, the term has loosened to mean a generic minstrel or author (especially a famous one). For example, William Shakespeare and Rabindranath Tagore are respectively known as "the Bard of Avon" (often simply "the Bard") and "the Bard of Bengal". In 16th-century Scotland, it turned into a derogatory term for an itinerant musician; nonetheless it was later romanticised by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832).
Gamharia Junction railway station
Gamharia Junction Railway Station is a railway station on Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line under Chakradharpur railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Gamharia, Seraikela Kharsawan district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is 11 km (7 mi) from Tatanagar Junction.

Most trains are westbound and northbound but none of the train originate at Gamharia Junction railway station. It handles 26 trains daily.

The Howrah–Mumbai main line and the Tatanagar–Asansol line diverge from here.

Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line
The Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line (also known as Mumbai–Kolkata line) is a railway line in India connecting Kolkata and Mumbai via Nagpur. The 1,968-kilometre-long (1,223 mi) railway line was opened to traffic in 1900.
Modern Marvels
Modern Marvels, formerly known under A&E as Time Machine, is a television series first aired by the History Channel in 1995, but previously under A&E starting December 10, 1993. It is the History Channel's first and longest-running program, for over 30 years. It focuses on science, history, technology, electronics, mechanics, engineering, architecture, industry, mass production, manufacturing, and agriculture. It also hosted on History2, and currently also hosts on Story Television.

H2 (A&E Networks)
H2 (or History2) is a brand name owned by A+E Global Media (a joint venture between the Hearst Communications and the Walt Disney Television division of The Walt Disney Company), used for a sister TV network of History. The brand was debuted in September 2011 when History International in the United States was relaunched as H2. The brand was expanded outside the U.S. since then. H2 in the United States was relaunched on February 29, 2016 as Vice TV, but the H2 brand is still used for sister channels to History in other markets.

A&E Networks began rebranding the remaining versions of H2 as History2, starting with Latin American version on January 1, 2019.

On November 6, 2018, concerning Disney's proposed acquisition of 21st Century Fox, the European Commission required Disney to sell A&E's television operations in Europe, which include the versions of H2 in the area.
Bioactive glass
Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterials and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of these glasses has led them to be used as implant devices in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bones. Most bioactive glasses are silicate-based glasses that are degradable in body fluids and can act as a vehicle for delivering ions beneficial for healing. Bioactive glass is differentiated from other synthetic bone grafting biomaterials (e.g., hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate), in that it is the only one with anti-infective and angiogenic properties.

Implant
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical tissue. The surface of implants that contact the body might be made of a biomedical material such as titanium, silicone, or apatite depending on what is the most functional.  In 2018, for example, American Elements developed a nickel alloy powder for 3D printing robust, long-lasting, and biocompatible medical implants. In some cases implants contain electronics, e.g. artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such as subcutaneous drug delivery devices in the form of implantable pills or drug-eluting stents.
Katy Easterday
Roy Alexander "Katy" Easterday (June 29, 1894 – May 26, 1976) was an American football and basketball player, track and field athlete, coach, college athletics administrator, and dentist. He played at the halfback position for the Pittsburgh Panthers football teams from 1917 to 1918 and was selected as an All-American in 1918. Easterday served as the head football coach at Simmons College (now known as Hardin–Simmons University) in Abilene, Texas from 1919 to 1920, Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia from 1922 to 1923, and Waynesburg College (now known as Waynesburg University) in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania from 1925 to 1927, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 25–29–8.

Waynesburg University
Waynesburg University is a private Christian university in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, United States. It was established in 1850 and offers undergraduate and graduate programs in more than 70 academic concentrations. The university enrolls around 1,400 students, including approximately 1,100 undergraduates.
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
Ahom–Mughal conflicts (November 1615 – 16 August 1682) refers to the series of 17th-century conflicts (battles, campaigns, and treaties) between the Ahoms and the Mughals over the control of the Brahmaputra valley.  It began soon after the eastern branch of the Kamata kingdom then under the Koch dynasty, Koch Hajo, collapsed after a sustained Mughal campaign bringing it face-to-face with the eastern Ahoms.  After nearly seventy years of sustained efforts, the Mughals were finally ousted in the Battle of Itakhuli in 1682.  The Mughals since then maintained interest in the region west of the Manas River via zamindars, till they were ousted from Bengal by the British about a hundred years later.

Koch dynasty
The Koch dynasty (/kɒtʃ/; 1515–1949) ruled parts of eastern Indian subcontinent in present-day Assam and Bengal. Biswa Singha established power in the erstwhile Kamata Kingdom which had emerged from the decaying Kamarupa Kingdom.  The dynasty came to power by overthrowing the Baro-Bhuyans of the region, who had previously ended the brief rule established by Alauddin Hussain Shah.

The dynasty split into three among the descendants of Biswa Singha's three sons: two antagonistic branches Koch Bihar and Koch Hajo and a third branch at Khaspur. Koch Bihar aligned with the Mughals and the Koch Hajo branch broke up into various sub-branches under the Ahom kingdom.  Koch Bihar became a princely state during British rule and was absorbed after Indian independence. The third branch at Khaspur (Khaspur kingdom) was absorbed completely into the Kachari kingdom. Raikat is a collateral branch of the Koch dynasty that claim descent from the Sisya Singha, the brother of Biswa Singha.