hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International reactions to the 2011 Bahraini uprising
The international reactions to the 2011 Bahraini uprising include responses by supranational organisations, non-governmental organisations, media organisations, and both the governments and civil populaces, like of fellow sovereign states to the protests and uprising in Bahrain during the Arab Spring. The small island nation's territorial position in the Persian Gulf not only makes it a key contending regional power but also determines its geostrategic position as a buffer between the Arab World and Iran. Hence, the geostrategic implications aid in explaining international responses to the uprising in Bahrain.  Accordingly, as a proxy state between Saudi Arabia and Iran, Bahrain's domestic politics is both wittingly and unavoidably shaped by regional forces and variables that determine the country's response to internal and external pressures.

Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
The Saudi–led intervention in Bahrain began on 14 March 2011 to assist the Bahraini government in suppressing an anti-government uprising in the country. The intervention came three weeks after the U.S. pressured Bahrain to withdraw its military forces from the streets. As a decision by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the intervention included sending 1,000 (1,200) troops with vehicles from Saudi Arabia at the invitation of the Al-Khalifa ruling family, marking the first time the GCC used such a collective military option for suppressing a revolt.

Calling it both an occupation and a declaration of war, the Bahraini opposition pleaded for foreign help. The intervention was precedented by the 1994 Saudi intervention in Bahrain.
Tsubata Station
Tsubata Station (津幡駅, Tsubata-eki) is a railway station in the town of Tsubata, Kahoku District, Ishikawa, Japan, jointly operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and the third-sector railway operator IR Ishikawa Railway.

IR Ishikawa Railway
IR Ishikawa Railway (IRいしかわ鉄道株式会社, IR Ishikawa Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese third-sector railway company established on 28 August 2012 to operate passenger railway services on the portion of the JR West Hokuriku Main Line within Ishikawa Prefecture. Services were transferred to IR Ishikawa Railway in two parts, corresponding with successive extensions of the Hokuriku Shinkansen. The company headquarters are in Kanazawa, Ishikawa.

On 14 March 2015, the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to Kanazawa opened and the Hokuriku Main Line between Naoetsu and Kanazawa was separated from the JR West network, with IR Ishikawa Railway acquiring the section between Kanazawa and Kurikara.

On 16 March 2024, the Kanazawa to Tsuruga extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen opened, with IR Ishikawa Railway acquiring the Daishōji to Kanazawa section of the Hokuriku Main Line.
John Milley Doyle
Sir John Milley Doyle KCB (1781 – 9 August 1856) was an Anglo-Irish soldier who fought in the Peninsular War and in the War of the Two Brothers.

He was briefly a Whig Member of Parliament for County Carlow.

Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese: Guerras Liberais), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (Guerra Civil Portuguesa) and the War of the Two Brothers (Guerra dos Dois Irmãos) was a civil war in Portugal that lasted from May 1828 to May 1834, fought between liberal progressive constitutionalists (led by former King Pedro IV) and conservative traditionalists (led by King Miguel I) over the country's system of government and royal succession. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, Spain and Russia.
Mathias Olesen
Mathias Flaga Olesen (born 21 March 2001) is a professional footballer who plays for Austrian Football Bundesliga club Grazer AK on loan from German side Greuther Fürth. Born in Denmark, he represents the Luxembourg national team.

Luxembourg national football team
The Luxembourg national football team (nicknamed the Red Lions; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch Foussballnationalekipp, French: Équipe du Luxembourg de football, German: Luxemburgische Fußballnationalmannschaft) is the national football team of Luxembourg, and is controlled by the Luxembourg Football Federation. The team plays most of its home matches at the Stade de Luxembourg in Luxembourg City.

Luxembourg has participated in every FIFA World Cup qualifiers since those for the 1934 World Cup, and in UEFA European Championship qualifiers since those for Euro 1964. As of 2026, they have never qualified for any of these major tournaments. Luxembourg is the nation with the most qualifying campaigns in both of these competitions without ever making it to the finals. However, they did compete in six Olympic football events between 1920 and 1952.
Snow removal in Montreal
Each winter, the Canadian city of Montreal clears snow off of roads, sidewalks, and other public throughfares to make it easier and safer to travel. Montreal is the snowiest major city in North America and its snow removal operation is among the largest in the world, costing C$179.7 million in 2020. Montreal sees about 210 cm (82.5 in) of snowfall annually, with at least a centimetre of snow on the ground for nearly four months out of the year.

In a given year, the city removes 300,000 truckloads of snow, representing 10,000 kilometres of city streets. Some three thousand workers are employed as part of the effort.

Snow removal
Snow removal or snow clearing is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make travel easier and safer.  This is done both by individual households and by governments institutions, and commercial businesses.
Nila (Ramayana)
Nila (Sanskrit: नील, romanized: Nīla), also spelled as Neela, is a character in the Hindu epic Ramayana. He is a vanara chieftain in the army of Rama, the prince of Ayodhya and avatar of the god Vishnu. He is the commander-in-chief of the vanara army under the vanara king Sugriva, and is described as leading the army in Rama's battle against the rakshasa king Ravana of Lanka (identified with modern-day Sri Lanka) and as killing many rakshasas.

Sugriva
Sugriva (Sanskrit: सुग्रीव, lit. 'beautiful necked', IAST: Sugrīva), is a character In the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana. He is the younger brother of Vali, whom he succeeded as ruler of the vanara kingdom of Kishkindha. He is a son of Surya, the Hindu deity of the sun. As the king of the vanaras, Sugriva aided Rama in his quest to liberate his wife Sita from captivity at the hands of the rakshasa king Ravana.
Haokhong Sinaikhu
Haokhong Sinaikhu (ꯍꯥꯎꯈꯣꯡ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯏꯈꯨ) was a warrior of the Khuman clan in ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). His story is notably mentioned in the classical Meitei literary work Chainarol (An Account of Combats). He is remembered for his notable duel with the Meitei warrior Tengleimaka Amba. Their combat shows the themes of honour, oath-keeping, and divine justice in Meitei martial tradition.

Sinaikhu's character shows the importance of oaths and honour in ancient Meitei martial ethics, as well as a rare instance of mercy during combat. There is a belief in divine intervention when justice is denied by human actions. His reputation was restored among his people after the truth came to light, showing the value placed on integrity and spiritual faith.

Khuman
Khuman (Meitei: ꯈꯨꯃꯟ) is a group of people, which is recognized as one of the seven Yek Salai clans of the composite Meitei confederacy. Historically, they ruled parts of Kangleipak (present day Indian state of Manipur) prior to subjugation by the Ningthouja dynasty (Mangang) c. 13th century. The Khuman-Lon Puya records information about their rule. The Meitei language meaning of Khuman is a narrowed darkness.
Ringo (board game)
Ringo is a two-player strategy board game from Germany, invented perhaps in the late 19th or early 20th century. The version of rules described here is from R.C. Bell's Discovering Old Board Games (1973) which is a translation from a German text by M. C. Oswald. The game simulates a siege of a citadel. Attackers are attempting to enter the citadel while defenders are trying to protect it and reduce the number of attackers.

Robert Charles Bell
Robert Charles Bell (1917–2002) was the author of several books on board games, most importantly Board and Table Games 1 & 2 (reprinted as Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations).  This work won the Premier Award of the Doctors' Hobbies Exhibition, London.  He was instrumental in popularizing traditional games, and is acknowledged as one of 11 "principal sources" in David Parlett's The Oxford History of Board Games.
Sabine National Wildlife Refuge
Sabine National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in Cameron Parish in southwestern Louisiana. It is on Louisiana Highway 27, 8 miles (13 km) south of Hackberry and 12 miles (19 km) north of Holly Beach. The western boundary of the Sabine Refuge is Sabine Lake, the inlet for Port Arthur, Texas, while the tip of the eastern end reaches Calcasieu Lake.

Louisiana Highway 27
Louisiana Highway 27 (LA 27) is a state highway located in southwestern Louisiana. It runs 132.42 miles (213.11 km) in a general north–south direction from LA 14 in Holmwood to the junction of U.S. Highways 171 and 190 in DeRidder.

The route travels in a mirror-image of the letter "J" as it loops through the wetlands surrounding Calcasieu Lake and passes through Cameron, a small community situated on the Gulf of Mexico. It then extends northward through Sulphur en route to its terminus in DeRidder.

LA 27 essentially functions as two north–south roadways connecting the sparsely populated Cameron Parish to the Lake Charles metropolitan area and is signed accordingly. The north–south directional banners are reversed at the Cameron Ferry, a toll ferry the crosses the Calcasieu Ship Channel.
Shahrdari Astara F.C.
Shahrdari Astara Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Gilan province of Iran. This team was founded in Astara. The club is currently playing in the Iranian First Division Football League. Shahrdari Astara is one of the representatives of Gilan province in the Azadegan League. This team has also participated in the Hazfi Cup competitions.

Shahrdari Astara promoted to the Azadegan League in the elimination stage of the League 2 in the 2019–20 season with a victory over the PAS Hamedan F.C.

Azadegan League
The Azadegan League (Persian: ليگ آزادگان, Lig-e Âzâdegân), also known as  League 1 (Persian: لیگ یک, Lig-e Yek), is the second highest division of professional football in Iran. It was the top-level football league in Iran from its foundation in 1991 until 2001, when the Persian Gulf Pro League was established.

Azadegan League operates on a system of promotion and relegation. Each year, the top finishing teams in the Azadegan League are promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to League 2.

Since 2016, the league comprises 18 teams. The winner and the runner-up of the Azadegan League are automatically promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League. The bottom three teams in the league are relegated to League 2. In the past, the format and number of teams were changed for various times.
Stegotherium
Stegotherium is an extinct genus of long-nosed armadillo, belonging to the Dasypodidae family alongside the nine-banded armadillo. It is currently the only genus recognized as a member of the tribe Stegotheriini. It lived during the Early Miocene of Patagonia and was found in Colhuehuapian rocks from the Sarmiento Formation, Santacrucian rocks from the Santa Cruz Formation, and potentially also in Colloncuran rocks from the Middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation. Its strange, almost toothless and elongated skull indicates a specialization for myrmecophagy, the eating of ants, unique among the order Cingulata, which includes pampatheres, glyptodonts and all the extant species of armadillos.

Myrmecophagy
Myrmecophagy (from Ancient Greek μύρμηξ múrmēx, 'ant', and φαγεῖν phageîn, 'to eat') is a feeding behavior in animals, defined by the consumption of termites or ants—particularly as pertaining to those animal species whose diets are largely, or completely, composed of these insect types. Notable myrmecophages include the three genera of anteaters, aardvarks, numbats, echidnas, some armadillos, and pangolins, as well as some members of the order Carnivora such as the sloth bear of the Indian subcontinent and the aardwolf of Southern Africa.

The related habit of termite-eating is termitophagy; the two dietary habits often overlap, as these eusocial insects live in similarly large, densely populated ant colonies or termite mounds, requiring specialised adaptations from any species that wishes to access them. Physical traits of several myrmecophagous animals include long, sharp, often curved front claws for digging into nests or mounds.
Inconstant Star
Inconstant Star is a science fiction fix-up novel by American writer Poul Anderson. It is formed by the novellas Iron and Inconstant Star, first published in The Man-Kzin Wars (1988) and Man-Kzin Wars III (1990), respectively. The title is from the tumbling alien artifact that sends out radiation. Due to the tumbling effect, the output can only be seen briefly from a given point in space, looking like a star, but then disappearing as the artifact moves.

The title also references another Niven story, "Inconstant Moon", which is not part of the Known Space series. The novel is the story of Robert Saxtorph and his ship Rover, hired for peaceful missions, but which run into Kzinti at every turn.

Man–Kzin Wars
The Man–Kzin Wars is the name of a series of military science fiction anthologies as well as the name of the first book in the series. The short stories detail the eponymous conflicts between mankind and the Kzinti, set in Larry Niven's Known Space universe. However, Niven himself has written only a small number of the stories; most were written by other science fiction writers, as Niven opened this part of the Known Space to collaboration in the form of a shared universe. The cover art for the books in the series is created by Stephen Hickman.
Narew Ostrołęka
MZKS Narew 1962 Ostrołęka is a Polish football club, currently playing in the V liga. The club was formed in 1962 as Narew Ostrołęka, but it was dissolved due to financial and organizational problems in 2015. On 8 September 2016, it was reactivated as MZKS Narew 1962 Ostrołęka, but it only cultivates the name and tradition of the previous Narew, and is not its continuator.

Narew started after reactivation from Klasa B in the 2017–18 season, achieving three promotions in four years. In the 2022–23 season, Narew was relegated to V liga Masovia I.

In November 2004, a home match against Dolcan Ząbki was covered by nationwide commercial television station Tele5. This was thought to be the first Polish 4th Division match shown on television. The game ended 0–2.

The stadium on Witos Street has capacity for 5,000 people, with 2,758 seated. The pitch measures 100 m x 70 m. Ostrołęka has over 50,000 citizens.

V liga
V liga (Piąta liga, lit. 'Fifth League') represents the sixth level of the Polish football hierarchy. Teams promoted from V liga move up to IV liga, whilst relegated teams descend to the regional league.

Currently, this league is present only in the Greater Poland (Wielkopolskie), Lesser Poland (Małopolskie), Masovian (Mazowieckie) and Silesian (Śląskie) voivodeships.
Nicky Oppenheimer
Nicholas "Nicky" Frank Oppenheimer (born 8 June 1945) is a South African billionaire businessman. He was formerly the chairman of De Beers diamond mining company and of its subsidiary, the Diamond Trading Company, and former deputy chairman of Anglo American. He is the third richest man in Africa with an estimated net worth of US$12.3 billion as of 2025 according to Bloomberg Billionaires Index.

Diamond Trading Company
The Diamond Trading Company (DTC) is the rough diamond sales and distribution arm of the De Beers Group. The DTC sorts, values and sells about 35% of the world’s rough diamonds by value. The DTC has a combination of wholly owned and joint venture operations in South Africa (DBSSSA), Botswana (DTCB and DBGSS), and Namibia (NDTC).
Wadōkai
Wado kai (和道会, Wadō kai) is the organization within the Japan Karate Federation (JKF) which practices the Wadō-ryū style of karate. Wado kai has numerous associated organizations and member clubs on different continents of the world.

Japan Karate Federation
The Japan Karate Federation (JKF), a.k.a. Japan Karatedo Federation, is a national governing body of the sport karate in Japan. The JKF is officially affiliated with the Japan Olympic Association (JOC), World Karate Federation (WKF), Japan Sports Association (JSA), and Japanese Budō Association (JBA). The styles recognized by the JKF are Gōjū-ryū, Shitō-ryū, Shotokan, and Wadō-ryū. Its headquarter is located in Tokyo, Japan.
2008–2009 Sri Lankan Army Northern offensive
The 2008–2009 SLA Northern offensive was an armed conflict in the northern Province of Sri Lanka between the military of Sri Lanka and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The battle began with a Sri Lanka Army (SLA) offensive attempting to break through the LTTE defence lines in the north of the island, aiming to conclude the country's 25-year-old civil war by military victory.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Alison King
Alison Rosamund King (born 3 March 1973) is an English actress and model. She is known for her roles as Lynda Block in the Sky One drama series Dream Team (1998–2003, 2005–2007), and Carla Connor in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (2006–present). She won Best Actress at the 2012 British Soap Awards.

The British Soap Awards
The British Soap Awards (BSAs) are an annual awards ceremony in the United Kingdom which honours the best moments in British soap operas. The ceremony is televised on ITV. The trophies given to the winners are made from metal and glass and have been manufactured by British firm Creative Awards since their inception. The majority of the awards are voted for by a panel of industry professionals, while certain awards including Best British Soap and Best Leading Performer are voted for by the general public.
Kabutozuka Kofun (Iwaki)
The Kabutozuka Kofun  (甲塚古墳, Kabutozuka Kofun) is a kofun burial mound located in what is now the city of Iwaki, in Fukushima Prefecture in the southern Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1923.

Kofun
Kofun (古墳; from Sino-Japanese "ancient burial mound") are megalithic tombs or tumuli in Northeast Asia. Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD.

The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)). The Mozu-Furuichi kofungun or tumulus clusters were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019, while Ishibutai Kofun is one of a number in Asuka-Fujiwara residing on the Tentative List.
Logan Lynn
Logan Dennis Lynn (born October 15, 1979) is an American musician, writer, producer, filmmaker, television personality, mental health advocate, and LGBT activist.

Since 1998 he has released eleven studio albums, and he is the former host of Logo's weekly music video countdown cable television show "NewNowNext Music". Lynn is signed to record label Kill Rock Stars.

Lynn is the spokesperson for the .gay domain, previously founded the Keep Oregon Well campaign to eliminate social stigma surrounding mental health through music and the arts, and launched the PTM Foundation with Alternative Rock Band Portugal. The Man.

Logo TV
Logo TV (often shortened to Logo) is an American basic cable channel owned by Paramount Media Networks, a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Launched in 2005, Logo was originally dedicated to lifestyle and entertainment programming targeting LGBTQ+ audiences. It replaced VH1 MegaHits in the United States.

The channel's availability peaked at 53.2 million US households in September 2013, but its cable and satellite carriage has steadily declined thereafter, decreasing to 21.7 million households by December 2023.
Medcouple
In statistics, the medcouple is a robust statistic that measures the skewness of a univariate distribution.  It is defined as a scaled median difference between the left and right half of a distribution. Its robustness makes it suitable for identifying outliers in adjusted boxplots. Ordinary box plots do not fare well with skew distributions, since they label the longer unsymmetrical tails as outliers. Using the medcouple, the whiskers of a boxplot can be adjusted for skew distributions and thus have a more accurate identification of outliers for non-symmetrical distributions.

As a kind of order statistic, the medcouple belongs to the class of incomplete generalised L-statistics. Like the ordinary median or mean, the medcouple is a nonparametric statistic, thus it can be computed for any distribution.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Charles E. Wheeler Wildlife Management Area
Charles E. Wheeler Wildlife Management Area is a 750-acre (300 ha) brackish tidal marsh, nature preserve and hunting area owned by the state of Connecticut located in Devon (village), Milford, New Haven County, Connecticut.

The Charles E. Wheeler WMA is located on the eastern shore (Milford side) of the mouth of the Housatonic River.  It is protected from Long Island Sound by a barrier beach known as Milford Point.

The main channel of the Housatonic River flows north and south to the west of the Charles E. Wheeler WMA, however a substantial amount of the water flows into and through the estuary itself particularly with the tide.

The US Army Corps of Engineers dredged the Housatonic River channel between the WMA and Stratford in both 1976 and 2012.  Without dredging, sediment from upriver would expand the Nells Island salt marsh area into the main channel of the river, obstructing recreational boating and commercial shipping.

Housatonic River
The Housatonic River (/ˌhuːsəˈtɒnɪk/ HOOS-ə-TON-ik) is an approximately 149 mi (240 km) long river in western Massachusetts and western Connecticut in the United States. It flows south to southeast, and drains about 1,950 square miles (5,100 km2) of southwestern Connecticut into Long Island Sound.