hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palladium–NHC complex
In organometallic chemistry, palladium-NHC complexes are a family of organopalladium compounds in which palladium forms a coordination complex with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). They have been investigated for applications in homogeneous catalysis,
particularly cross-coupling reactions.

Sonogashira coupling
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide.

R1: aryl or vinyl
R2: arbitrary
X: I, Br, Cl or OTf

The Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction has been employed in a wide variety of areas, due to its usefulness in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. The reaction can be carried out under mild conditions, such as at room temperature, in aqueous media, and with a mild base, which has allowed for the use of the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the synthesis of complex molecules. Its applications include pharmaceuticals, natural products, organic materials, and nanomaterials. Specific examples include its use in the synthesis of tazarotene, which is a treatment for psoriasis and acne, and in the preparation of SIB-1508Y, also known as Altinicline, a nicotinic receptor agonist.
The Last Aristocrats
The Last Aristocrats (Chinese: 最后的贵族) is a 1989 Chinese drama film directed by Xie Jin and starring Pan Hong, Pu Cunxin, Li Kequn, and Xiao Xiong. It is based on the short story Zhexianji by Taiwanese novelist Bai Xianyong. The film picks up the story of the lives of four young Chinese girls, daughters of Shanghai's elite, who went to the United States to study in 1948 and faced difficulties trying to return home a year later. The film was released in South Korea on 23 December 1989.

Pai Hsien-yung
Kenneth Hsien-yung Pai (Chinese: 白先勇; pinyin: Bái Xiānyǒng; Wade–Giles: Pai Hsien-yung; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍h Sian-ióng; born July 11, 1937) is a Taiwanese writer who has been described as a "melancholy pioneer". He was born in Guilin, Guangxi at the cusp of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Pai's father was the Kuomintang (KMT) general Bai Chongxi (Pai Chung-hsi), whom he later described as a "stern, Confucian father" with "some soft spots in his heart." Pai was diagnosed with tuberculosis at the age of seven, during which time he would have to live in a separate house from his siblings (of which he would have a total of nine). He lived with his family in Chongqing, Shanghai, and Nanjing before moving to the British-controlled Hong Kong in 1948 as CPC forces turned the tide of the Chinese Civil War. In 1952, Pai and his family resettled in Taiwan, where the KMT had relocated the Republic of China after defeat by the Communists in 1949.
Gen'ichirō Inokuma
Gen'ichirō Inokuma (猪熊弦一郎, Inokuma Gen'ichirō; born on 14 December 1902, died on 17 May 1993) was a Japanese painter. Inokuma is best known for his large-scale abstract paintings that allude to industrial landscapes, ladders, rail tracks, derricks, cranes, urban maps, and city planners’ blueprints.

Key Sato
Key Sato (28 October 1906 – 8 May 1978) was a Japanese painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

His first exhibition in Paris took place in 1954 at the Mirador Gallery, and he went on to join the Massol Gallery in 1959. He made his debut at the Salon de Mai in 1955 where he exhibited until 1961, travelling vastly in Europe and the United States.
Nao Yamakita
Nao Yamakita (山北 奈緒, Yamakita Nao; born 30 October 2005) is a Japanese badminton player who specializes in women's doubles. She is a member of the Japanese national team and plays for the NTT East team. She was the gold medalist at the 2023 Asian Junior Championships and a bronze medalist at the 2023 World Junior Championships. In 2025, Yamakita won her maiden World Tour title at the 2025 Korea Masters Super 300.

2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships
The 2023 Badminton Asia Junior Championships (officially known as BNI Badminton Asia Junior Championships 2023) was the 23rd edition of the Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament is held in Among Rogo Sports Hall, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between 7 and 16 July 2023.
Mary Dingman
Mary Dingman (April 9, 1875 – March 21, 1961) was an American social and peace activist, who served as a staff member of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) to develop programs to improve the working conditions of women and children in the workforce. Traveling throughout the world, beginning in 1917, she organized programs in the United States, Europe, and Asia. In 1931, she joined the pacifist movement and serve as chair of the Peace and Disarmament Committee of the Women's International Organisations for a decade. Turning her attention to the need for world cooperation, she pressed for the formalization of the United Nations, serving as a delegate to the first United Nations conference. She was employed as a child welfare advocate by the UN from 1948 until her retirement in 1954.

YWCA
The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries.

The World office is currently based in Le Grand-Saconnex, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, and the nonprofit is headquartered in Washington, DC.

The YWCA is independent of the YMCA, but a few local and national YMCA and YWCA associations have merged into YM/YWCAs or YMCA-YWCAs and belong to both organizations, while providing the programs from each (e.g. Sweden did so in 1966).
Dyson Sphere Program
Dyson Sphere Program is an upcoming factory simulation game developed by Youthcat Studio and published by Gamera Games. It was released in early access in January 2021 for Windows on Steam and WeGame.

Players are tasked with providing power to a supercomputer by harvesting resources to create an expanding, interstellar network of automated factories, with the ultimate goal of constructing a Dyson sphere. The early access version of the game has been met with generally positive reception, with praise for the gameplay loop and graphics and criticism towards the start of the game and user interface. It has been favorably compared to other games in the genre, including Factorio and Satisfactory.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Xinyu Zhang
Xinyu Zhang (born 5 March 1955 in Ordos, Inner Mongolia) is a Chinese computer software engineer.  He was a teacher at Inner Mongolia Normal University. He served as a leader of the CIMS Research Office of the Guangzhou City Productivity Center, general manager of the He-Yi Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Tianjin, led foreign experts in computer science of Ningbo University of Technology and Chairman of the NinBo Tian Mei Technology Co..  He was involved in December 1986 China democracy movement and June 4, 1989 China democracy movement.

Democracy movements of China
Democracy movements in the People's Republic of China are a series of organized political movements, inside and outside of the country, addressing a variety of grievances, including objections to socialist bureaucratism and objections to the continuation of the one-party rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) itself. The Democracy Wall movement of November 1978 to spring 1981 is typically regarded as the beginning of contemporary Chinese democracy movement.  In addition to the Democracy Wall movement, the events of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre are among the notable examples of Chinese democracy movements.
Ilija Ivezić
Ilija Ivezić (20 July 1926 – 14 April 2016) was a Croatian film actor. He was born in Ričice, Gračac and died shortly before his 90th birthday. In a career that spanned more than five decades, Ivezić worked with directors such as Fadil Hadžić, Krsto Papić, Vatroslav Mimica, Antun Vrdoljak, Veljko Bulajić, and Antun Vrdoljak, among many others.

Antun Vrdoljak
Antun Vrdoljak (Croatian pronunciation: [ǎntuːn ʋr̩dǒʎaːk]; born 5 June 1931) is a Croatian film actor and director, sports official, and head of Croatian Radiotelevision during the Yugoslav Wars. Between the 1960s and early 1990s he was mainly a film artist. In the early 1990s he became involved in politics and became a prominent member of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), which led to his appointment to a series of offices. He was director general of Croatian Radiotelevision (1991–1995), and president of the Croatian Olympic Committee (1991–2000).
Chinese Expeditionary Force
The Chinese Expeditionary Force (traditional Chinese: 中國遠征軍; simplified Chinese: 中国远征军) was an expeditionary unit of China's National Revolutionary Army that was dispatched to Burma and India in support of the Allied efforts against the Imperial Japanese Army during the Japanese invasion and occupation of Burma in the South-East Asian theatre of the Second World War.

New 6th Army
New 6th Army was a Chinese combat command involved in the Burma Campaign of World War II, and later, the Chinese Civil War.

They operated in the Shan States and the Karen State of eastern Burma. The New 6th Army's General and Supreme Commander was Liao Yaoxiang.

The New 6th Army was among the top five nationalist crack units (The other four included New 1st Army, Reorganized 11th Division (army-sized, formerly known as the 18th Army and later reverted to its original designation), Reorganized 74th Division (army sized, formerly known as the 74th Army), and the 5th Army.
2007 Men's World Open Squash Championship
The 2007 Men's World Open Squash Championship is the men's edition of the World Open, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in the Bermuda from 25 November to 1 December 2007. Amr Shabana won his third World Open title, defeating Grégory Gaultier in the final.

World Squash Championships
The World Squash Championships are squash events, which since the early 1990s have been held annually for both men and women organised by the Professional Squash Association. The men's event was first held in 1976 in London, England and the women's was inaugurated in 1976 in Brisbane, Australia.
Angela Mason
Angela Margaret Mason CBE (born 9 August 1944) is a British civil servant and activist, and a former director of the UK-based lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender lobbying organisation Stonewall. She is a former Chair of the Fawcett Society, a UK women's rights campaigning organisation and a Labour Party councillor in Camden.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
Ch (digraph)
Ch is a digraph in the Latin script. It is treated as a letter of its own in the Chamorro, Old Spanish, Czech, Slovak, Igbo, Uzbek, Quechua, Ladin, Guarani, Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Ukrainian Latynka, and Belarusian Łacinka alphabets. Formerly, ch was also considered a separate letter for collation purposes in Modern Spanish, Vietnamese, and sometimes in Polish; now the digraph ch in these languages continues to be used, but it is considered as a sequence of letters and sorted as such.

Uzbek alphabet
The Uzbek language has been written in various scripts: Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic. The language traditionally used Arabic script, but the official Uzbek government under the Soviet Union started to use Cyrillic in 1940, which is when widespread literacy campaigns were initiated by the Soviet government across the Union. In 1992, Latin script was officially reintroduced in Uzbekistan along with Cyrillic. In the Xinjiang region of China, some Uzbek speakers write using Cyrillic, others with an alphabet based on the Uyghur Arabic alphabet. Uzbeks of Afghanistan also write the language using Arabic script, and the Arabic Uzbek alphabet is taught at some schools.
Valsadornín Hoard
The Valsadornín Hoard is a coin hoard from the Roman Hispania period (dated circa 270) found near the town of  Valsadornín, in the province of Palencia in Spain.

The artifact is a 28 kg kitchen cauldron with a conical bottom, made of thin metal sheets joined by rivets. It originally had two copper-handled rivets, one remaining. Inside were approximately 11,000 antoniniani coins, identifiable by emperors with radiate crowns and empresses with crescent moons.

Cauldron
A cauldron (or a caldron) is a large pot or kettle used for cooking or boiling, typically over an open fire. It often features a lid, an arc-shaped hanger, and/or integral handles or feet.

While largely replaced by modern cooking vessels in the developed world, the cauldron holds a rich history in religion, mythology, and folklore. In Western culture, it is most commonly associated with witchcraft.
Zombie! vs. Mardi Gras
Zombie! vs. Mardi Gras is a 1999 independently produced comedy horror film directed by Karl DeMolay, Will Frank, and Mike Lyddon. It stars Dale Ashmun, Loreli Fuller, John Sinclair, Jeanette Hauser, and Veronica Russell.

In the film, an unnamed Sumerian goddess empowers an occultist with the ability to raise zombies from the grave. The occultist starts a killing spree in New Orleans during Mardi Gras. But Galileo Galilei gets resurrected and attempts to save the city.

Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (UK: /ˌmɑːrdi ˈɡrɑː/; US: /ˈmɑːrdi ɡrɑː/), also known as Shrove Tuesday, is the final day of Carnival (also known as Shrovetide or Fastelavn); it thus falls on the day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras ([maʁdi ɡʁa]) is French for "Fat Tuesday", referring to it being the last day of consuming rich, fatty foods, most notably red meat, in preparation for the Christian fasting season of Lent, during which such foods are avoided.

Related popular practices are associated with Carnival celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Mardi Gras is more usually known as Pancake Day or (traditionally) Shrove Tuesday, derived from the word shrive, meaning "to administer the sacrament of confession to; to absolve".
Recorder 451
Recorder 451 is a fictional character who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. 451 was a Rigellian Recorder who helped Howard and Maria Stark bring their son (which apparently was Tony Stark but was found to be Arno, with the revelation that Tony was adopted) to life after she almost loses him while pregnant; in exchange, he conducted experiments in the fetus, making it a future genius.

Howard Stark
Howard Stark is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character primarily appears in a supporting role in stories featuring Iron Man and stories featuring Captain America. He is the founder of Stark Industries and the father of Tony Stark (Iron Man).

Howard Stark has also appeared in several animated television series and films. Actors John Slattery and Dominic Cooper have portrayed the character throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) franchise.
Carme (given name)
Carme is a feminine given name of two separate origins. The first is a Galician and Catalan form of Hebrew karmel, "garden". The second is from Greek Karmē, whose name means "she who cuts the grain", from keirein, "to cut".

Carme (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Carme or Karme (/ˈkɑːrmi/; Ancient Greek: Κάρμη Karmē) was the mother of the Cretan goddess Britomartis by Zeus. She was either the daughter of Euboulus, the son of the Cretan priest Carmanor and a god revered in mystery religions, or the daughter of Cassiopeia and Phoenix, the son of Agenor. She therefore may have been either of Cretan or Phoenician origin.

Like other members of her family, Carme may have been an agricultural or harvest demigoddess. In various myths her potential father Euboulus was associated with Demeter, Persephone, grain, and swine. Some tellings additionally refer to him as the son of Demeter. Chrysothemis, sister of Euboulus, may have been a harvest demigoddess as well.
Masashi Ebinuma
Masashi Ebinuma (海老沼 匡, Ebinuma Masashi; born 15 February 1990) is a Japanese judoka.
Ebinuma is a triple world champion, having won in 2011, 2013 and 2014. A dominant force in the half-lightweight division, he was ranked first in the world for three years. He is regarded as an ultimate stylist of seoi nage. He is also known for being a quadruple All-Japan national champion.

Ebinuma won bronze medals at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. He married judoka Kana Abe in 2014. Both spouses are Asian and World champion judokas.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
Petronel (horse)
Petronel (1877 – 3 July 1897) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. After showing promise when winning the Troy Stakes as a juvenile in 1879, he recorded a major upset when defeating his more fancied opponents to take the 2000 Guineas in the following spring. He had never been entered in the other British Classic Races, but won at Royal Ascot and in several other top-class races that year. In 1881 he was one of the best staying horses in England, winning seven races including the Epsom Stakes, Rous Memorial Stakes, Great Yorkshire Handicap and Doncaster Cup as well as Queen's Plates at Stockbridge, Newmarket and Liverpool. He developed breathing problems and was never as good again, although he won Queen's Plates at Stockbridge and Newcastle in 1882. After his retirement from racing he had some success as a breeding stallion.

Newcastle Racecourse
Newcastle Racecourse is a horse racing course located at Gosforth Park in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, owned by Arena Racing Company. It stages both flat and National Hunt racing, with its biggest meeting being the Northumberland Plate held annually in June.
Alexander Bogomolny
Alexander Bogomolny (January 4, 1948  – July 7, 2018) was a Soviet-born Israeli-American mathematician. He was Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of Iowa, and formerly research fellow at the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, senior instructor at Hebrew University and software consultant at Ben Gurion University. He wrote extensively about arithmetic, probability, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and mathematical games.

He was known for his contribution to heuristics and mathematics education, creating and maintaining the mathematically themed educational website Cut-the-Knot. He was a pioneer in mathematical education on the internet, having started Cut-the-Knot in  October 1996.

Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics
Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics (MIEM; Russian: Московский институт электроники и математики НИУ ВШЭ, МИЭМ; also occasionally referred to as Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering) — a Russian higher educational institution in the field of electronics, computer engineering, and applied mathematics.
Pat Donohue
Patrick Donohue (born April 28, 1953) is an American fingerstyle guitarist born in St. Paul, Minnesota. He is a Grammy winning, National Fingerpicking Guitar Champion songwriter. Donohue has several albums to his credit and his songs have been recorded by Chet Atkins, Suzy Bogguss, and Kenny Rogers. He has performed on A Prairie Home Companion for many years.

Walnut Valley Festival
The Walnut Valley Festival is an acoustic music festival held annually in the small city of Winfield, Kansas, United States. The main genre of music is bluegrass, but a wide variety of other acoustic styles are represented. The festival is held on the Wednesday through Sunday that includes the third Saturday of September.
Jean-François Clervoy
Jean-François André Clervoy (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃dʁe klɛʁvwa]; born 19 November 1958) is a French engineer and a CNES and ESA astronaut. He is a veteran of three NASA Space Shuttle missions.

CNES
CNES (French: Centre national d'études spatiales, lit. 'National Centre for Space Studies') is the French national space agency. Headquartered in central Paris, the agency is overseen by the ministries of the Armed Forces, Economy and Finance and Higher Education, Research and Innovation.

It operates from the Toulouse Space Centre and the Guiana Space Centre. The president of CNES is François Jacq. CNES is a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies. It is Europe's largest national organization of its type.
Silex
Silex is any of various forms of ground stone. In modern contexts the word refers to a finely ground, nearly pure form of silica or silicate.

In the late 16th century, it meant powdered or ground up "flints" (i.e. stones, generally meaning the class of "hard rocks").

It was later used  in 1787 when describing  experiments in a published paper by Antoine Lavoisier where such earths are mentioned as the source of his isolation of the element silicon.  Silex is now most commonly used to describe finely ground silicates used as pigments in paint.

Silicate
A silicate is any member of a family of polyatomic anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula [SiO(4−2x)−4−x]n, where 0 ≤ x < 2.  The family includes orthosilicate SiO4−4 (x = 0), metasilicate SiO2−3 (x = 1), and pyrosilicate Si2O6−7 (x = 0.5, n = 2).  The name is also used for any salt of such anions, such as sodium metasilicate; or any ester containing the corresponding chemical group, such as tetramethyl orthosilicate. The name "silicate" is sometimes extended to any anions containing silicon, even if they do not fit the general formula or contain other atoms besides oxygen; such as hexafluorosilicate [SiF6]2−. Most commonly, silicates are encountered as silicate minerals.

For diverse manufacturing, technological, and artistic needs, silicates are versatile materials, both natural (such as granite, gravel, and garnet) and artificial (such as Portland cement, ceramics, glass, and waterglass).