hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
31st (City of London) Signal Regiment
The 31st (Greater London) Signal Regiment was a territorial communications regiment of the British Army's Royal Corps of Signals.  The regiment first formed following the creation of the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve in 1967 after the 1966 Defence White Paper.  After seeing limited reserve support during the Cold War, the regiment was disbanded in 2010 following the initial Army 2020 reform.

1966 Defence White Paper
The 1966 Defence White Paper (Command Papers 2592 and 2901) was a major review of the United Kingdom's defence policy initiated by the Labour government under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. The review was led by the Secretary of State for Defence, Denis Healey. The document was centred on the need to support NATO in Europe and made the commitment that the UK, "would not undertake major operations of war except in co-operation with allies." The 1966 announcements undertook to retain the UK presence in Singapore and Malaysia.

However, the mid-late sixties brought an economic crisis and the devaluation of pound sterling. In 1967 and 1968, the government published two further supplements to the review, announcing the strategic withdrawal of British forces deployed East of Suez. This marked a watershed in British foreign policy and the end of a major, enduring world-wide military role.
Carlsberg Architectural Prize
Carlsberg Architectural Prize (Danish: Carlsberg Arkitekturpris) was an architecture award founded by the Danish New Carlsberg foundation in 1991. It was awarded three times between the years 1992–1998 “To recognize excellence in lasting architectural design”. Her Majesty The Queen of Denmark acted as the patron of the prize. At the time of its foundation in 1991 the prize, being worth $235,000 was the biggest in the field of architecture. The first recipient, Tadao Ando, donated the prize money for the Osaka Prefectural Government, later used to establish the Ando Fund administered by the Osaka Foundation of International Exchange.

Tadao Ando
Tadao Ando (安藤 忠雄, Andō Tadao; born September 13, 1941) is a Japanese architect. Self-taught, he is known for his unique integration of architecture and landscape. Architectural historian Francesco Dal Co described his work as an example of "critical regionalism". Ando was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1995.
Carson Meyer
Carson Meyer (born August 18, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey right winger for the Rochester Americans of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Columbus Blue Jackets selected him in the sixth round, 179th overall, of the 2017 NHL entry draft. He previously played college ice hockey for the Miami RedHawks and Ohio State Buckeyes.

2017 NHL entry draft
The 2017 NHL entry draft was the 55th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 23–24, 2017, at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois. The first three selections were Nico Hischier by the New Jersey Devils, Nolan Patrick by the Philadelphia Flyers, and Miro Heiskanen by the Dallas Stars.

As of 2025 there are 61 active NHL players from this draft.
Billboard 21 Under 21
21 Under 21 is an annual ranking by American music magazine Billboard beginning in 2010. It honours young musicians under the age of 21 in the music for impact over the previous and their potential to "rule pop culture zeitgeist over the next 12 months".

Taylor Swift topped the first ranking in 2010 at age 20. Justin Bieber (2011), Lorde (2014) and Billie Eilish (2019) are the youngest acts to be #1 (all aged 17). Willow Smith is the youngest act to appear on any ranking, (aged 9 in 2010). Smith also has the longest period of inclusion, appearing on five rankings across 11 years (2010, 2011, 2017, 2019 and 2021). Bieber; Camila Cabello; Eilish; Shawn Mendes; Lorde; Cody Simpson; Smith; Grace VanderWaal;  The Linda Lindas and The Kid Laroi are tied for the most appearances, with five each. Bieber, Mendes and Ángela Aguilar are the only acts to top the ranking more than once (twice each& consecutively).

Ángela Aguilar
Ángela Aguilar Álvarez (born October 8, 2003) is a Mexican and American singer. She was born in Los Angeles while her mother was accompanying her father, Pepe Aguilar, on tour. Aguilar gained notable recognition after performing "La Llorona" at the 19th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2018. Her paternal grandparents are the actors and singers from the Golden Age of Mexican cinema, Antonio Aguilar and Flor Silvestre.

Her debut solo studio album, Primero Soy Mexicana (2018), was met with critical acclaim and success. She has been nominated for a Grammy Award and two Latin Grammy Awards, becoming one of the youngest artists nominated for both accolades.
Siege of Trieste (1813)
The siege of Trieste in September–October 1813 was an action of the War of the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. At the time, Trieste was a city in the Illyrian Provinces of the First French Empire. It was defended by the Army of Italy under the command of Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy. The city came under attack by the Austrian Empire on land and by the British Empire by sea. A state of siege was declared by the garrison commander on 7 September, but the city was not surrounded until 20 September. The main French force retreated from the area in early October, leaving only the citadel to be defended by the garrison. After fierce fighting and heavy bombardment, terms of surrender were signed on 29 October and the French marched out on 8 November.

Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (French: [øʒɛn d(ə) boaʁnɛ]; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French statesman and military officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Through the second marriage of his mother, Joséphine de Beauharnais, he was the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte. Under the French Empire, he also became Napoleon's adopted son (but not the heir to the imperial throne). He was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy under his stepfather, from 1805 to 1814, and commanded the Army of Italy during the Napoleonic Wars. Historians consider him one of Napoleon's most able relatives.
Dean Drever
Dean Drever (born 1970) is a Canadian sculptor. He graduated from the Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary, Alberta in 1997. He currently lives and works in Toronto, Ontario.

Drever's most notable sculpture is Bear with Salmon, commissioned by Qualico Developments for the Epcor Tower in Edmonton, Alberta. Installation of the sculpture began in 2012 and was not completed until 2014 due to building construction delays. The Epcor Tower is the first multi-story skyscraper to be built in Edmonton in 20 years.

Epcor Tower
Epcor Tower is an office tower in downtown Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The tower is capped by two spires that are capped with four flagpoles each. When the spires were taken into account, it was the tallest building in Edmonton from 2011 to 2017. Epcor Tower is the first building in the Station Lands project. Tenants includes EPCOR Utilities, Capital Power, Ernst & Young, Intuit, and BioWare.
Coral snake
Coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be divided into two distinct groups, the Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes. There are 27 species of Old World coral snakes, in three genera (Calliophis, Hemibungarus, and Sinomicrurus), and 83 recognized species of New World coral snakes, in two genera (Micruroides and Micrurus). Phylogenetic studies suggest that the group originated in the Old World. While new world species of both genera are venomous, their bites are seldom lethal; as of 2018, only two confirmed fatalities had been documented in the United States in the preceding 100 years from the genus Micrurus. Meanwhile, snakes of the genus Micruroides have never caused a medically significant bite.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Menahemia
Menahemia (Hebrew: מְנַחֶמְיָה) is a village in the Jordan Valley in north-eastern Israel. Located near Highway 90 between Beit She'an and Tzemah Junction 5 km south of Tzemah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. With an area of 6,000 dunams, the village had a population of 1,065 in 2022.

Tsemah Junction
Tsemah Junction (Hebrew: צומת צמח, Tzomet Tzemach) is a road junction at the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee, where Highway 90 continues along the western shore of the lake towards Tiberias, while Highway 92 splits off to follow the eastern shore. A few kilometres to the east Highway 98 branches off Highway 92 and climbs up to the Golan Heights plateau.
Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire is a text publication society that publishes historical documents relating to the traditional counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.  It became a registered charity (No. 500434) for public education in the history of the two counties in 1970.

George Edward Cokayne
George Edward Cokayne FSA (29 April 1825 – 6 August 1911) was an English genealogist and long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London, who eventually rose to the rank of Clarenceux King of Arms. He wrote such authoritative and standard reference works as The Complete Peerage and The Complete Baronetage.
Ó Gadhra Chiefs of the Name
The Ó Gadhra Chiefs of the Name were the heads of the Clan O'Gara, who were originally located in Sliabh Lugha (formerly known as Gailenga), the southern part of the territory ruled by the Kings of Luighne Connacht. In the 13th century they were expelled from the area and moved to Cul Ui Fionn, later known as the barony of Coolavin, County Sligo.

The first to bear the surname was Ruaidrí Ua Gadhra, rígdomna of Luigne, who died in 1059.

Kings of Luighne Connacht
The Kings of Luighne Connacht were rulers of the people and kingdom of Luighne Connacht, located in what is now County Mayo and County Sligo, Ireland.

The southern area was originally known as Gailenga but by the 12th-century called Sliabh Lugha. After the Anglo-Norman conquest of Connacht, it was known as the barony of Gallen, and ruled by the clan Mac Siúrtáin until the early 17th century.

The northern area, lying in south-west County Sligo, retained the name Luighne.

The families of Ó hEaghra, Ó Gadhra and Devlin of Connacht descend from rulers of the kingdoms.
The Flea Theater
The Flea Theater is a theater in the TriBeCa neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S.  It presents primarily experimental theatre by Black, brown, and queer artists, as well as a venue for film stars to act on a 74-seat stage. The theater was founded in 1996 by Jim Simpson, Sigourney Weaver, Mac Wellman, and Kyle Chepulis. The Flea earned early acclaim for original productions of post-9-11 play The Guys and political works by A. R. Gurney. According to the New York Times, "Since its inception in 1996, The Flea has presented over 100 plays and numerous dance and live music performances. Under Artistic Director Jim Simpson and Producing Director Carol Ostrow,  The Flea is one of New York’s leading off-off-Broadway companies."

Experimental theatre
Experimental theatre (also known as avant-garde theatre), inspired largely by Wagner's concept of Gesamtkunstwerk, began in Western theatre in the late 19th century with Alfred Jarry and his Ubu plays as a rejection of both the age in particular and, in general, the dominant ways of writing and producing plays. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream theatre world has adopted many forms that were once considered radical.

Like other forms of the avant-garde, it was created as a response to a perceived general cultural crisis. Despite different political and formal approaches, all avant-garde theatre opposes bourgeois theatre. It tries to introduce a different use of language and the body to change the mode of perception and to create a new, more active relation with the audience.
1984 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1984 Southland Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 8–10, 1984 with quarterfinal matchups being held at the home arena of the higher seed and the semifinals and championship game played at the Beaumont Civic Center in Beaumont, Texas.

Louisiana Tech defeated Lamar in the championship game, 68–65, to win their first Southland men's basketball tournament.

The Bulldogs received a bid to the 1984 NCAA Tournament as No. 10 seed in the Midwest region. They were the only Southland member invited to the NCAA tournament. Tournament runner-up and conference regular season champion Lamar received an invitation to the 1984 NIT Tournament.

Beaumont Civic Center
The Beaumont Civic Center, in downtown Beaumont, Texas, is a 6,500-seat arena where concerts, conventions, trade shows and exhibitions are held. Banquet maximum capacity is 2,000.  It has 29,300 square feet (2,720 m2) of ground-level exhibit space and 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) space on the second level for a combined space of 41,300 square feet (3,840 m2). The building includes four dressing rooms with showers.  850 parking spots are onsite. The venue is part of the Beaumont Civic Center Complex. This complex includes the Civic Center, Julie Rogers Theater and the Jefferson Theatre.

The Civic Center is the temporary home of the Beaumont Children's Museum.
Dabbu Bhale Jabbu
Dabbu Bhale Jabbu is a 1992 Indian Telugu-language family drama film directed by K. Rajendra and produced by Allu Ramalingaiah. The cast includes Gollapudi Maruthi Rao, Rao Gopal Rao, Annapoorna, Maharshi Raghava, and Sumalatha. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Varavu Nalla Uravu (1990) which was based on the American film Make Way for Tomorrow (1937). The film received two Nandi Awards.

Rao Gopal Rao
Rao Gopal Rao (14 January 1937 – 13 August 1994) was an Indian actor and producer known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. In a film career spanning more than 25 years, Rao starred in over 400 feature films in a variety of characters. He was known for his gruesome portrayals of antagonist roles with a touch of humor. He was presented with Kala Prapoorna in 1990 by Andhra University and was honored with "Natavirat" and "Chittoor Nagayya Award" in 1987.

Rao was known for his villainous roles in works such as Mutyala Muggu (1975), Bhakta Kannappa (1976), Gorantha Deepam (1978), Manavoori Pandavulu (1978), Kaliyuga Ravanasurudu (1980), Tyagayya (1981), Ooruki Monagadu (1981), Gudachari No.1 (1983), Abhilasha (1983), Khaidi (1983), Challenge (1984), Jaakii (1985), Bullet (1985), Athaku Yamudu Ammayiki Mogudu (1989), Lorry Driver (1990), Kondaveeti Donga (1990), and Gang Leader (1991).
Anthony Peter Lowe
Anthony Peter Lowe AP (born 16 March 1962) is a British-Australian mathematical physicist and actuary. He previously served as chief executive officer of the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, and is a frequent media commentator on prostate cancer and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing.

Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia is a broad-based community organisation and the peak national body for prostate cancer in Australia. The Foundation is dedicated to reducing the impact of prostate cancer on Australian men, their partners and families, recognising the diversity of the Australian community. Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia receives Government funding for specific projects and relies on the generosity of individuals, the community and partnerships to carry out its work.
Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg
Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg (1 June 1659 – 13 March 1679), was a German noblewoman member of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Born in Merseburg, she was a child of Christian I, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg and his wife Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

Merseburg
Merseburg (German pronunciation: [ˈmɛʁzəbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg.
The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.
Town Centre stop
Town Centre (Chinese: 市中心) is a major MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level at Tuen Mun Heung Sze Wui Road in Tuen Mun Town Centre, Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong. It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 2.

Unlike other intermediate stops in the Light Rail system, a total of four platforms were constructed at Town Centre stop, due to the high level of passenger demand associated with its location within the Tuen Mun town centre proper. It has footbridges linking Tuen Mun Park, Trend Plaza, Tuen Mun Town Plaza and a bus terminus.

Tuen Mun District
The Tuen Mun District (Chinese: 屯門區) is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. As of 2025, the population was 545,000, of which 64,000 were under the age of 18. Part of the district is the Tuen Mun New Town (or simply Tuen Mun), which contains one of the largest residential areas in the New Territories.
Jayson Palmgren
Jayson Palmgren (born April 11, 1989) is an American former football offensive lineman. He played college football at University of Missouri and attended North Kansas City High School in North Kansas City, Missouri. He was also a member of the Iowa Barnstormers, Pittsburgh Power, Cleveland Gladiators, and Kansas City Phantoms.

Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.
Treaty 5
Treaty Five is a treaty between Queen Victoria and Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty band governments and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin. Much of what is today central and northern Manitoba was covered by the treaty, as were a few small adjoining portions of the present-day provinces of Saskatchewan and Ontario.

The fifth of several treaties, Treaty 5 was completed in two rounds. The first was from September 1875 to September 1876. The Crown intended in 1875 to include only "the Indians [east and west] of Lake Winnipeg for the surrender of the Territory uncovered by previous treaties" including "the proposed migration of the Norway House band". Pimicikamak territory was north of the lake. It was included by accident or design of Tepastenam attending the Norway House signing. Additional peoples and groups signed on between 1908 and 1910.

District of Keewatin
The District of Keewatin was a territory of Canada and later an administrative district of the Northwest Territories. It was created in 1876 by the Keewatin Act, and originally it covered a large area west of Hudson Bay. In 1905, it became a part of the Northwest Territories and in 1912, its southern parts were adjoined to the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, leaving the remainder, now called the Keewatin Region, with a population of a few thousand people. On April 1, 1999, the Keewatin Region was formally dissolved, as Nunavut was created from eastern parts of the Northwest Territories, including all of Keewatin.

The name Keewatin comes from Algonquian roots—either kīwēhtin (ᑮᐍᐦᑎᐣ) in Cree or giiwedin (ᑮᐌᑎᓐ) in Ojibwe—both of which mean 'north wind' in their respective languages. In Inuktitut, it was called Kivalliq (ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ)—a name which persists as the Kivalliq Region in Nunavut.
Muysky District
Muysky District (Russian: Му́йский райо́н; Buryat: Муяын аймаг, Muyayn aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is 25,164.1 square kilometers (9,715.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Taksimo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,142, with the population of Taksimo accounting for 71.8% of that number.

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
DICE model
The Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy model, referred to as the DICE model or Dice model, is a neoclassical integrated assessment model developed by 2018 Nobel Laureate William Nordhaus that integrates in the neoclassical economics, carbon cycle, climate science, and estimated impacts allowing the weighing of subjectively guessed costs and subjectively guessed benefits of taking steps to slow climate change. Nordhaus also developed the RICE model (Regional Integrated Climate-Economy model), a variant of the DICE model that was updated and developed alongside the DICE model. Researchers who collaborated with Nordhaus to develop the model include David Popp, Zili Yang, and Joseph Boyer.

The DICE model is one of the three main integrated assessment models used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and it provides estimates intermediate between the other two models.

Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.

Neoclassical economics is the dominant approach to microeconomics and, together with Keynesian economics, formed the neoclassical synthesis which dominated mainstream economics as "neo-Keynesian economics" from the 1950s onward.