hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mir Hidayat bey Seyidov
Mir Hidayat bey Seyidov (April 2, 1887, Yelizavetpol - February 23, 1919, Ordubad, Nakhchivan district) was an Azerbaijani political figure, a member of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, deputy chairman of the National Council of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.

He was the chairman of the Muslim National Council of Iravan and Nakhchivan governorates.

Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja (/ˈɡændʒə/; Azerbaijani: Gəncə [ɟænˈdʒæ] ⓘ) is Azerbaijan's second largest city, with a population of around 335,600. The city has been a historic and cultural center throughout most of its existence. It was the capital of the Ganja Khanate until 1804; after Qajar Iran ceded it to the Russian Empire following the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, it became part of the administrative divisions of the Georgia Governorate, Georgia-Imeretia Governorate, Tiflis Governorate, and Elizavetpol Governorate. Following the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, it became a part of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, followed by the Azerbaijan SSR, and, since 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Hida-Ichinomiya Station
Hida-Ichinomiya Station (飛騨一ノ宮駅, Hida-Ichinomiya-eki) is a railway station on the Takayama Main Line in the city of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central).

Takayama Main Line
The Takayama Main Line (高山本線, Takayama Honsen) is a Japanese railway line between Gifu Station in Gifu and Toyama Station in Toyama, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The line directly links the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area (metropolitan Nagoya) and Hokuriku region in a shorter distance, but with a longer travel time, than by using the combination of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen and Hokuriku Main Line. Now the line primarily functions as a way to access the scenic areas of Hida (ancient Hida Province), in the rugged mountains of northern Gifu Prefecture, such as Gero onsen (hot spring), Takayama, Shirakawa-gō, and the Kiso River. The first section of the line, between Gifu and Kagamigahara, opened in 1920 (1920). The whole line was completed in 1934.
Ahtiana
Ahtiana is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Ahtiana sphaerosporella, the mountain candlewax lichen, found in western North America. The species was originally classified as Parmelia sphaerosporella by Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1891, before Trevor Goward established the new genus Ahtiana in 1985, naming it after Finnish lichenologist Teuvo Ahti. This foliose lichen is characterised by its pale yellowish-green thallus, spherical spores, laminal apothecia (fruiting bodies), and the presence of usnic and caperatic acids. It primarily grows on the bark of whitebark pine in subalpine and montane regions, though it occasionally colonises other conifers outside its preferred host's range.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra
The Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra (Azeri: Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri) was formed in 1920 being one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It is affiliated with the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society.

Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to assist in establishing and training the orchestra body. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by People's Artist of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt.

Niyazi
Niyazi Zulfugar oghlu Taghizade Hajibeyov (Azerbaijani: Niyazi Zülfüqar bəy oğlu Hacıbəyov; 20 August 1912 – 2 August 1984) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani conductor and composer. People's Artist of the USSR (1959) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1982).
John Beargrease
John Beargrease (Ojibwe: Esquabi; 1858 – August 1, 1910) was the son of an Anishinaabe chief, Makwabimidem (Beargrease). He is best remembered as the winter mail carrier between Two Harbors, Minnesota and Grand Marais, Minnesota during the last two decades of the 19th century. Beargrease used a row boat and a dog sled to deliver the mail.

His legendary dog sled runs are remembered and celebrated in the annual 411-mile John Beargrease Dog Sled Race between Duluth and Grand Portage, Minnesota. He died at his home in Beaver Bay, Minnesota in 1910.

Grand Marais, Minnesota
Grand Marais (/məˈreɪ/ mə-RAY) is a city and the county seat of Cook County, Minnesota, United States, of which it is the only municipality. It is on Lake Superior's North Shore. Grand Marais had a population of 1,337 at the 2020 census. Before it was settled by French Canadians and before Minnesota's statehood, it was inhabited by the Ojibwe.

The Gunflint Trail, a National Scenic Byway, begins in Grand Marais and ends near the border with Ontario.
2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota
The 2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota was held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the U.S. representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election and an election to the U.S. Senate. A primary election was held on June 12, 2012; a candidate must receive at least 300 votes to appear on the general election ballot in November.

Rick Berg, a member of the Republican Party who was first elected to represent the at-large district in 2010, had announced that he would not seek re-election and would instead run for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Kent Conrad. Republican Kevin Cramer won the open House seat.

North Dakota Republican Party
The North Dakota Republican Party is the North Dakota affiliate of the United States Republican Party.

Its platform is conservative. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling North Dakota's at-large U.S. House seat, both U.S. Senate seats and the governorship, and it has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
Norman Williams (RAAF officer)
Norman Francis Williams, CGM, DFM & Bar (3 November 1914 – 30 June 2007) served as an air gunner in Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) bombers in the Second World War, becoming its most highly decorated non-commissioned officer. A rear gunner in a Halifax bomber, he was credited with shooting down 8 German aircraft and damaging several others, making him the RAAF's only "ace" who was not a fighter pilot.

Air gunner
An air gunner or aerial gunner is a member of a military aircrew who operates flexible-mount or turret-mounted machine guns or autocannons in an aircraft. Modern aircraft weapons are usually operated automatically without the need for a dedicated air gunner, but older generation (World War II and earlier) bombers used to carry up to eight air gunners.

Most modern air gunners are helicopter door gunners, who typically have other primary roles such as crew chief or observer in addition to their air gunner role.  Others fly as members of aircrews on gunships, where their duties may include loading guns or manually firing them if computer systems fail. A modern gunner can be someone who operates armament on an aircraft besides the pilot or  someone defending the aircraft with a machine gun or auto-cannon (more commonly in World War II)
1509 in Italy
An incomplete series of events, births and deaths which occurred in Italy in 1509:

Battle of Agnadello

The Battle of Agnadello, also known as Vailà, was one of the more significant battles of the War of the League of Cambrai, and one of the major battles of the Italian Wars.

Battle of Polesella

The Battle of Polesella, fought on December 22, 1509, by forces of the Duchy of Ferrara and the Republic of Venice, was a naval battle on the River Po in the War of the League of Cambrai in the Italian Wars. It was an overwhelming victory for Ferrara.

Siege of Padua

The Siege of Padua was a major engagement early in the War of the League of Cambrai.

Battle of Polesella
The Battle of Polesella, fought on 22 December 1509, by forces of the Duchy of Ferrara and the Republic of Venice, was a naval battle on the River Po in the War of the League of Cambrai in the Italian Wars. It was an overwhelming victory for Ferrara.
Emotional baggage
Emotional baggage is an idiom that generally refers to unresolved psychological trauma such as stressors, trust issues, fears, paranoia, guilt, regret, despair or grief that are usually detrimental to one's overall mental well-being and social relationships. The unresolved trauma can be rooted in issues such as emotional abuse, childhood trauma or prior stressful events.

As a metaphor, the term refers to one's carrying of the collective emotional load of the past into the present moment.

Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person knowingly or intentionally exposing another person to a behavior that results in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological reactions.

It is often associated with situations of controlling behavior in abusive relationships, and may include bullying, gaslighting, abuse in the workplace, amongst other behaviors that may cause an individual to feel unsafe.
Flöha station
Flöha station is an important station on the Dresden–Werdau railway in the town of Flöha in the German state of Saxony. From here, the railway lines to Pockau-Lengefeld and to Annaberg-Buchholz branch off.

Reitzenhain–Flöha railway
The Reitzenhain–Flöha railway, one of two lines also called the Flöha Valley Railway (German: Flöhatalbahn), is a branch line in Saxony in East Germany. It links the city of Chemnitz with Flöha, Lengefeld, Pockau, Olbernhau and Marienberg, formerly also Neuhausen/Erzgeb. and Reitzenhain and runs through the valleys of the Flöha and the Black Pockau. The line belongs today to DB Regio-Netz Erzgebirgsbahn.
Christian Coalition of America
The Christian Coalition of America (CCA), a 501(c)(4) organization, is the successor to the original Christian Coalition created in 1987 by religious broadcaster and former presidential candidate Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson. This US Christian advocacy group includes members of various Christian denominations, including Baptists (50%), mainline Protestants (25%), Roman Catholics (16%), and Pentecostals (10% to 12%) among communicants of other churches.

501(c) organization
A 501(c) organization is a nonprofit organization in the federal law of the United States according to Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C. § 501(c)). Such organizations are exempt from some federal income taxes. Sections 503 through 505 set out the requirements for obtaining such exemptions. Many states refer to Section 501(c) for definitions of organizations exempt from state taxation as well. 501(c) organizations can receive unlimited contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions.

For example, a nonprofit organization may be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) if its primary activities are charitable, religious, educational, scientific, literary, testing for public safety, fostering amateur sports competition, or preventing cruelty to children or animals.
Whit Tucker
Whitman Duncan Tucker (November 15, 1940 – October 16, 2024) was a Canadian professional football player who spent his entire career as a  flanker for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was a CFL All-Star in 1967 and won two Grey Cup championships with Ottawa in 1968 and 1969.

57th Grey Cup
57th Grey Cup, the Canadian Football League's championship game, was played November 30, 1969, and the Ottawa Rough Riders defeated the Saskatchewan Roughriders 29–11 before 33,172 fans at Montreal's Autostade. It was the first time since 1931, a break of 38 years, that the CFL title match would be played in Montreal.

The game is the focus of the "Playing a Dangerous Game" episode in TSN's 2012 documentary series Engraved on a Nation celebrating the 100th Grey Cup game. Concerns about ongoing FLQ separatist terrorist bombing activities in Quebec prompted the CFL and Montreal authorities to have police officers in full riot gear securing the stadium and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. However, no incidents occurred during the course of the weekend.

This was the first Grey Cup game played in its entirety on a Sunday; all Grey Cup games since this one (except for 1970) have been played on a Sunday.
Crockett Cup (2024)
The 2024 iteration of the Crockett Cup was a professional wrestling tag team tournament produced by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). The event took place on May 18, 2024, at the OC Theatre in Forney, Texas, but aired on tape delay for NWA Powerrr, spread across five episodes that aired on The CW app. It was the seventh iteration of the Crockett Cup.

Eighteen matches were contested at the event, including three dark matches. In the main event, The Southern 6 (Kerry Morton and Alex Taylor) defeated The Immortals (Kratos and Odinson) to win the Crockett Cup.

NWA Powerrr
NWA Powerrr is a professional wrestling streaming television program produced by the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) that premiered on October 8, 2019. As of July 29, 2025, the series streams on The Roku Channel in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Powerrr features wrestlers performing in matches and getting interviewed. These elements together create and further the storylines of the NWA while building towards the promotion's events.
Juan Tafur
Juan Tafur (1500, Córdoba, Andalusia, Castile - ?, ?) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Spanish conquest of the Muisca people. He was a cousin of fellow conquistadors Martín Yañéz Tafur, Hernán Venegas Carrillo and Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela. Juan Tafur was five times encomendero (mayor) of Santa Fe de Bogotá. He also received the encomiendas of Pasca, Chipaque and Usaquén. The encomienda of Suesca was shared between Tafur and Gonzalo García Zorro.

Knowledge of the life of Juan Tafur has been provided by the work El Carnero (1638), by chronicler Juan Rodríguez Freyle.

Juan Rodríguez Freyle
Juan Rodríguez Freyle (also written as Juan Rodríguez Freile), (Bogotá, New Kingdom of Granada, 25 April 1566 - Bogotá, 1642) was an early writer in the New Kingdom of Granada, the Spanish colonial territory of what today is Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. The son of a soldier in the army of Pedro de Ursúa, Rodríguez Freyle knew the cacique of Guatavita and the founder of Bogotá: Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. His major work El Carnero is a collection of stories, anecdotes and rumours about the early days of the New Kingdom of Granada and the demise of the Muisca Confederation. It is one of the most important sources for the sixteenth century Spanish period of present-day Colombia.

Juan Rodríguez Freyle was married to Francisca Rodríguez and died in Bogotá in 1642.
Free will in theology
Free will in theology is an important part of the debate on free will in general. Religions vary greatly in their response to the standard argument against free will and thus might appeal to any number of responses to the paradox of free will, the claim that omniscience and free will are incompatible.

Omniscience
Omniscience is the property of possessing maximal knowledge. In Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Abrahamic religions, it is often attributed to a divine being or an all-knowing spirit, entity or person. In Jainism, omniscience is an attribute that any individual can eventually attain. In Buddhism, there are differing beliefs about omniscience among different schools.
Church of St Mary, Ecclesfield
The Church of St Mary, Ecclesfield, is situated on Church Street in the village of Ecclesfield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It is situated 4 miles (6.4 km) north of the city centre. It is a Grade I listed building, one of only five within the Sheffield city boundary. It was originally the parish church for Hallamshire, one of the largest parishes in England and in the seventeenth century was known as the "Minster of the Moors" due to its then rural situation.

Hallamshire
Hallamshire (or Hallam) is the historical name for an area of South Yorkshire, England, approximating to the current City of Sheffield local government area.

The origin of the name is uncertain.  The English Place-Name Society describe Hallam originating from a formation meaning 'on the rocks'.  Alternative theories are that it is derived from halgh meaning an area of land at a border, Old Norse hallr meaning a slope or hill, or Old English heall meaning a hall or mansion.

The exact boundaries of this historic district are unknown, but it is thought to have covered the parishes of Sheffield, Ecclesfield, and Bradfield — an area roughly equivalent to those parts of the present-day borough of the City of Sheffield that lie to the west of the rivers Don and Sheaf that are within the boundaries of the ancient county of Yorkshire (later descriptions also include Brightside and the parish of Handsworth).
Renaissance Square, Stepanakert
Renaissance Square (Armenian: Վերածննդի հրապարակ), commonly known as Veratsnound or Revival Square or Victory Square (Azerbaijani: Zəfər meydanı) was the main square in the city of Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan. It was developed in 1994 following the Battle of Shusha and the securing of the area by the Artsakh Defense Army.

Artsakh Defence Army
The Defense Army of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, romanized: Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak, also Defense Army of the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh), also known as Artsakh Defence Army (or Nagorno-Karabakh Defence Army) was the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. Established in 1992, it united previously disorganized defence units which were formed in the early 1990s.

It was disbanded on 20 September 2023 under the terms of the Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement following the 2023 Azerbaijani military offensive.
Clarence Albert Bacote
Clarence Albert Bacote (February 24, 1906 – 1981) was a historian and activist from the U.S. state of Georgia. He was a professor of political history at Atlanta University and a political organizer. The Robert W. Woodruff Library at the Atlanta University Center have  collections of his papers.

Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center
The Atlanta University Center (AUC) Robert W. Woodruff Library is a library in Atlanta which serves the three members of the Atlanta University Center, the world's oldest consortium of historically black colleges and universities (Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College and Spelman College) . The library, constructed in 1982, is named for Robert Winship Woodruff, former CEO of the Coca Cola Company.  In 2010, the library completed a $16.2 million renovation, partly funded by donations from the Coca Cola Company.

The library is a member of ARCHE, Lyrasis, OCLC and the HBCU Library Alliance.  It is a participant in the Georgia state library network, GALILEO.  In 2016, the library won the Excellence in Academic Libraries Award from the Association of College and Research Libraries, the first HBCU to win the award.
Simon Grether
Simon Grether (born 20 May 1992) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as defender or midfielder. He was also youth international footballer. He retired from professional football in 2022 after spending six seasons with Luzern.

FC Luzern
Fussball-Club Luzern (German pronunciation: [ɛf ˈt͡seː luˈtsɛrn]), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss sports club based in Lucerne (German: Luzern). It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Super League, the top tier of the Swiss football league system, and has won the national title once and the national cup three times.

The club colours are blue and white, derived from the City of Lucerne and Canton of Lucerne coats of arms. The club plays its home games at Swissporarena which was newly built in 2011 at the place of the old Stadion Allmend.

FC Luzern was founded in 1901. It has non-professional departments for women's football, volleyball, boccia and gymnastics.
Hanseniaspora occidentalis
Hanseniaspora occidentalis is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae.  In its anamorph form, it was called Kloeckera javanica.   It has been isolated in the wild from soil samples and vineyards.  Samples of a variant have been isolated from orange juice and rotten oranges.  It has demonstrated potential as an organism to reduce malic acid in wine production.

Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph
In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota:

Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body.

Anamorph: an asexual reproductive stage (morph), often mold-like. When a single fungus produces multiple morphologically distinct anamorphs, these are called synanamorphs.

Holomorph: the whole fungus, including anamorphs and teleomorph.

The terms were introduced in 1981 to simplify the discussion of the procedures of the existing dual-naming system, which (1) permitted anamorphs to have their separate names but (2) treated teleomorphic names as having precedence for being used as the holomorphic name. The Melbourne Code removes the provisions and allows all names to compete on equal footing for priority as the correct name of a fungus, and hence does not use the term holomorph any more.
February 2020 Chicago crossover event
The February 2020 Chicago crossover event is a two-part fictional crossover that exists within the Chicago television franchise. The event aired on NBC consecutively in two back-to-back one-hour timeslots on February 26, 2020. It began with "Off the Grid" of Chicago Fire and concluded with "Burden of Truth" of Chicago P.D. Both episodes followed a unified storyline of a former Chicago police officer returning to Chicago to search for his missing sister. Many actors in the franchise appeared outside of their main series guest starring in the other part of the crossover. The crossover event most notably featured the publicized return of former Chicago P.D. series regular Brian Geraghty who portrays Sean Roman and last appeared in the franchise in 2016.

Infection (Chicago franchise)
"Infection" is a three-part fictional crossover event that exists within the Chicago television franchise. The event aired on NBC consecutively in three back-to-back one-hour time slots on October 16, 2019. It began with "Infection: Part I" of Chicago Fire, continued with "Infection: Part II" of Chicago Med, and then concluded with "Infection: Part III" of Chicago P.D. All three episodes followed a unified story line of an infection spreading across Chicago and the first responders dealing with the repercussions. Many actors in the franchise appeared outside of their main series and in all three parts of the crossover.