hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disini v. Secretary of Justice
Disini v. Secretary of Justice, 727 Phil. 28 (2014), is a landmark ruling of the Supreme Court of the Philippines handed down on February 18, 2014. When the Congress of the Philippines passed the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 the bill was immediately controversial, especially its strict penalties for the new crime of "cyberlibel", an upgraded form of the already existing criminal libel charge found in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines.

In the end, the Court declared that most of the law, including the cyberlibel provision, was constitutional. The ruling's abridgement of free expression has been widely criticized by critics of the law, including then attorney Harry Roque. The decision reached in Disini paved the way for the anti-fake news provisions of the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act.

Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court (Filipino: Kataas-taasang Hukuman), colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines. It was established by the Taft Commission in June 11, 1901, through the enactment of Act No. 136, which abolished the Real Audiencia of Manila, the predecessor of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita, Manila, with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital's cancer institute.
1974 Baltimore municipal strike
The 1974 Baltimore municipal strike was a strike action undertaken by different groups of municipal workers in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was initiated by waste collectors seeking higher wages and better conditions. They were joined by sewer workers, zookeepers, prison guards, highway workers, recreation & parks workers, animal control workers, abandoned vehicles workers, and eventually by police officers. Trash piled up during the strike, and, especially with diminished police enforcement, many trash piles were set on fire. City jails were also a major site for unrest.

The Baltimore strike was prominent within a wave of public sector strikes across the United States. All of the striking workers were members of American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), a relatively radical and expanding national union. AFSCME President Jerry Wurf attained national notoriety for allegedly urging workers to "let Baltimore burn" if their demands were not met.

Jerry Wurf
Jerome Wurf  (May 18, 1919 – December 10, 1981) was a U.S. labor leader and president of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) from 1964 to 1981. Wurf was a friend of Martin Luther King Jr., and was arrested multiple times for his activism, notably during the Memphis sanitation strike. He was present for King's "I've Been to the Mountaintop" oratory at the strike, the day before King was assassinated, and attended King's funeral.
Drum GAC
Saint Colm's GAC Drum (Irish: CLG Naomh Colm An Droim) is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the rural area of Drum and Gortnahey, near Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The club is a member of Derry GAA.

Drum fields Gaelic football teams at U8, U10, U12, U14 and Senior levels. They currently compete in the Derry Junior Football Championship and Division 2 of the Derry ACFL. The U16 and Minor teams are amalgamated with Drumsurn and play as St Patrick's.

Drum has won the Derry Junior Football Championship seven times. Underage teams up to U-12s play in North Derry league and championships, from U-13 upwards teams compete in All-Derry competitions.

The club also has a number of camogie sides at various age groups. Drum won the 2003 Derry Intermediate Hurling Championship but no longer competes in hurling.

Gortnahey
Gortnahey (from Irish  Gort na hÁithe 'enclosed field of the kiln'), also transliterated as Gortnaghey, is a townland and small hamlet in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is made up of two smaller townlands, Gortnahey Beg (Irish: Gort na hÁithe Beag) and Gortnahey More (Irish: Gort na hÁithe Mór).

It is 5 km northwest of Dungiven and 13 km south of Limavady. In the 2001 Census its population was 285. It is situated within Causeway Coast and Glens district.
The Man They Could Not Hang (1934 film)
The Man They Could Not Hang is a 1934 Australian film directed by Raymond Longford about the life of John Babbacombe Lee, whose story had been filmed previously in 1912 and 1921. These silent films were called "one of the greatest box-office features that ever came out of this country." The sound film was not as successful.

John Babbacombe Lee
John Henry George "Babbacombe" Lee (15 August 1864 – 19 March 1945) was an Englishman famous for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder. Born in Abbotskerswell, Devon, Lee served in the Royal Navy, and was a known thief.

In 1885, Lee was convicted of the murder of his employer, Emma Keyse, at her home at Babbacombe Bay near Torquay on 15 November 1884, with a knife. The evidence was circumstantial: Lee was the only male in the house at the time of the murder, had a prior criminal record for theft for stealing silverware from a previous employer, and was found with an unexplained cut on his arm. The alleged motive was that Keyse and Lee had been in a dispute. Keyse was disappointed with Lee's recent behavior and had reduced his wages and threatened to fire him.

After surviving three attempts at hanging, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Lee became popularly known as "the man they couldn't hang".
Alhaji Barhath
Alhaji Barhath (14-15th century), or Alhaji Rohadia, was a Rajasthani poet,  warrior & horse trader known for providing shelter to Rao Chunda of Mandore during his childhood, who is credited with laying the foundation of the Rathore rule in Marwar.

Rathore dynasty
The Rathore dynasty is an Indian dynasty belonging to the Rathore clan of Rajputs that has historically ruled over parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. The Rathores trace their ancestry from the Suryavamsha (Solar dynasty) and to the Rashtrakutas and later to the Gahadavalas of Kannauj, migrating to Marwar region of Rajasthan after the fall of Kannauj.
Ali MacGraw
Elizabeth Alice MacGraw (born April 1, 1939) is an American actress. For her role in Goodbye, Columbus (1969) she won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer. She then starred in Love Story (1970), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. In 1972, MacGraw was voted the top female film star in the world and was honored with a hands and footprints ceremony at Grauman's Chinese Theatre after having made just three films. She went on to star in The Getaway (1972), Convoy (1978), Players (1979), Just Tell Me What You Want (1980), and The Winds of War (1983). In 1991, she published an autobiography, Moving Pictures.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951. Previously, there was a single award for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture", but the splitting allowed for recognition of it and the Best Actress – Comedy or Musical.

The formal title has varied since its inception. In 2005, it was officially called "Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama". As of 2013, the wording is "Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama".
Mumbles (district)
Mumbles (Welsh: Mwmbwls) is a district of Swansea, Wales, located on the south-east corner of the unitary authority area.  It is also a local government community using the same name.  At the 2001 census the population was 16,774, reduced slightly to 16,600 at the 2011 Census.  The district is named after the headland of Mumbles, located on its south-east corner.

Mumbles Pier
The Grade II listed structure of Mumbles Pier is an 835 feet (255 m) long Victorian pleasure pier built in 1898.  It is located at the south-western corner of Swansea Bay near the village of Mumbles, within the city and county of Swansea, Wales. The pier is used for fishing and tourism, offering panoramic views of Swansea Bay with the Mumbles Lighthouse on one side and Port Talbot on the other.
Sotah (Talmud)
Sotah (Hebrew: סוֹטָה or Hebrew: שׂוֹטָה, "strayer") is a tractate of the Talmud in Rabbinic Judaism. The tractate explains the ordeal of the bitter water, a trial by ordeal of a woman suspected of adultery, which is prescribed by the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh). In most editions, this tractate is the fifth in the order of Nashim, and it is divided into nine chapters. The tractate exists in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud.

Sotah is also the term used for the woman tried in this manner.

Tosefta
The Tosefta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תוספתא, romanized: tosep̄tā "supplement, addition") is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.
Emeka Anyaoku
Chief Emeka Anyaoku (listenⓘ), GCON, GCVO, CFR (born 18 January 1933) is a Nigerian diplomat. He was the third Commonwealth Secretary-General. Born in Obosi, Anyaoku was educated at Merchants of Light School, Oba, and attended the University College, Ibadan, then a college of the University of London, from which he obtained an honours degree in Classics as a College Scholar. Aside from his international career, Chief Anyaoku continues to fulfil the duties of his office as Ichie Adazie of Obosi, a traditional Ndichie chieftainship.

Commonwealth Secretary-General
The Commonwealth secretary-general, formally the secretary-general of the Commonwealth of Nations, is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965, and responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly. The Commonwealth secretary-general should not be confused with the head of the Commonwealth.
Purushottam Chakraborty
Purushottam Chakraborty is a distinguished Indian Physicist who does research on materials analysis using ion beams and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

Chakraborty is a former Senior Professor of Physics at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India & former Adjunct Professor of Physics at University of Pretoria, South Africa.

He is an Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Modern Physics B (World Scientific, Singapore) and Modern Physics Letters B (World Scientific, Singapore). He has been a Guest Editor for 2D Materials: Perspectives.

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
The Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) is an institution of basic research and training in physical and biophysical sciences located in Bidhannagar, Kolkata, India. The institute is named after the famous Indian physicist Meghnad Saha.
Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela
Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela C.A. is a state-owned airline of Venezuela based in Torre Polar Oeste in Caracas. It operates domestic services and international services in the Caribbean. Its main base is Simón Bolívar International Airport. The airline ceased operations on September 24, 2017, after 88 years of service due to its financial position. On August 8, 2018, the company announced that it would begin scheduled service again, first to Havana, Cuba, with three weekly flights.

Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)
Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar" International Airport (IATA: CCS, ICAO: SVMI, Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar") is an international airport located in Maiquetía, Vargas, Venezuela, serving Caracas, the capital of the country, the center of which is about 21 kilometres (13 mi) to the west. Commonly known simply as Maiquetía by the local population, it is the main international air passenger gateway to Venezuela. The airport handles flights to several destinations in Central and South America as well as a few services to Spain, Russia and China although many international routes have been terminated since 2014.
Cimin Huiri
Cimin Huiri (Chinese: 慈悞慧日, pinyin: Címǐn Huìrì; Japanese: Jimin Enichi, c. 680–748) was a figure in Chinese Pure Land Buddhism and the founder of the Cimin lineage within this tradition. Born in 680 during the Tang dynasty, Huiri emerged as one of the most influential defenders of the Pure Land School against the critiques of the Southern school of Chan Buddhism.

Shenhui
Heze Shenhui (Chinese:菏澤神會/菏泽神会; Wade–Giles: Shen-hui; Japanese: Kataku Jinne, 684–758) was a Chinese Buddhist monk of the so-called "Southern School" of Chan/Zen, who "claimed to have studied under Huineng."

Shenhui is notable for his strident attacks on Yuquan Shenxiu and the associated "Northern School", which was the most prominent branch of Chan Buddhism in China at the time. He accused them of propagating gradual teachings, as opposed to his own sudden teachings.

Shenhui's own lineage, called the Heze lineage (菏澤宗), probably died out around the time of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845, with Guifeng Zongmi being the only notable monk in the lineage.
Claire Smith (sportswriter)
Claire Smith (born July 1, 1954) is an American sportswriter, who covered Major League Baseball for the Hartford Courant, The New York Times, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. She is currently a news editor for ESPN. Smith was the first woman to be honored with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
1980 United States Senate election in North Carolina
The 1980 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 4, 1980, as part of the nationwide elections to the Senate. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Robert B. Morgan ran for reelection to a second term, but narrowly lost to Republican challenger John P. East.

This was the first time Republicans had won this seat since 1897, and the inauguration of John East marked the first time since Reconstruction that they held both Senate seats simultaneously. East won every western congressional district while losing every eastern one.

Robert B. Morgan
Robert Burren Morgan (October 5, 1925 – July 16, 2016) was an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Morgan served as United States Senator for North Carolina from 1975 to 1981, for a single term.
Satyu Yamaguti
Satyu Yamaguti (山口 左仲, Yamaguchi Sachū; 21 April 1894 – 11 March 1976) was a Japanese parasitologist, entomologist, and helminthologist. He was a specialist of mosquitoes and helminths such as digeneans, monogeneans, cestodes, acanthocephalans and nematodes. He also worked on the parasitic crustaceans Copepoda and Branchiura. Satyu Yamaguti wrote more than 60 scientific papers and, more importantly, several huge monographs which are still in use by scientists all over the world and were cited over 1,000 times each.

Monogenea
Monogeneans, members of the class Monogenea (/ˌmɒnəˈdʒiːniːə/ MON-ə-JEE-nee-ə), are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.

Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus Gyrodactylus  is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus Dactylogyrus is an example of an oviparous variety.
Lost in America (Alice Cooper song)
"Lost in America" is a single by musician Alice Cooper, who co-wrote the song with Bud Saylor and Icon guitarist Dan Wexler, taken from his 1994 album The Last Temptation. It was the most popular single from the album. “Lost in America” has been a live staple since its release, and is the solitary song from The Last Temptation that Cooper has performed live from 2000 onwards. The single featured a B-side, a live version of "Hey Stoopid".

Icon (band)
Icon is an American rock band that formed in 1979 and initially disbanded in 1990, but later reformed in 2008. As of 2024, Icon currently consists of all five members of the classic lineup: Dan Wexler (guitar), Stephen Clifford (lead vocals), John Aquilino (guitar), Tracy Wallach (bass) and Pat Dixon (drums).
The Sands of Ammon
The Sands of Ammon (original title: Le Sabbie di Amon) is the second part of Valerio Massimo Manfredi's Alexander trilogy, following on from Child of a Dream. Continuing the epic story of Alexander the Great, The Sands of Ammon narrates of the Macedonian king's quest to conquer Asia.  He and his men storm and conquer Persian towns and harbours; even the legendary town of Halicarnassus is defeated. Alexander's army marches on to the snow-covered Anatolia, where it records yet another few victories. Despite defeating the king Darius III, the city of Tyre and the Towers of Gaza prove to be formidable enemies, although they ultimately have to surrender to Alexander. The Macedonian army then heads south towards the mysterious and epic land of Egypt; and it's here, in the sands of the endless Libyan Desert, that the Oracle of Ammon lies. And what the divine Oracle will reveal to Alexander will change his life forever.

Siwa Oasis
The Siwa Oasis (Arabic: واحة سيوة Wāḥat Sīwah [ˈwæːħet ˈsiːwæ]) is an urban oasis in Egypt. It is situated between the Qattara Depression and the Great Sand Sea in the Western Desert, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the Egypt–Libya border and 560 kilometres (350 mi) from the Egyptian capital city of Cairo. It is famed from its role in ancient Egypt as the home to an oracle of Amun, the ruins of which are a popular tourist attraction, giving it the ancient name Oasis of Amun-Ra, after the major Egyptian deity.
Coregonus artedi
Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the cisco, is a North American species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. The number of species and definition of species limits in North American ciscoes is a matter of debate. Accordingly, Coregonus artedi may refer either in a narrow sense to one of the several types of cisco found e.g. in the Great Lakes, or in a broad sense to the complex of all ciscoes in continental North American lakes, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Cécile Guéret
Cécile Guéret-Séreguet (born 1954) is an activist and politician in the Central African Republic. She served as mayor of Bangui from 2000 to 2003.

A trade unionist and women's rights advocate, she was previously president of both the General Union of Central African Workers and the feminist organization OFCA.

General Union of Central African Workers
The Union of Central African Workers, created in 1964, is a trade union centre in the Central African Republic. It was formed by the merger of the African Confederation of Free Trade Unions-Workers Force-Central African Republic, African Confederation of Believing Workers - Central African Republic, African General Confederation of Labour-Central African Republic and the FECETEC. In 1981, its activity was suspended by David Dacko's government. In place of it government-backed Confederation of Central African Workers was established, which didn't stand up for the rights of workers in practice.

It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
Anadrome
An anadrome is a word or phrase whose letters can be reversed to spell a different word or phrase. For example, desserts is an anadrome of stressed. An anadrome is therefore a special type of anagram. The English language is replete with such words.

The word anadrome comes from Greek anádromos (ἀνάδρομος), "running backward", and can be compared to palíndromos (παλίνδρομος), "running back again" (whence palindrome).  An anadrome is also called (often humorously) a semordnilap.

There is a long history (dating at least to the fourteenth century, as with Trebor and S. Uciredor) of alternate and invented names being created out of anadromes of real names; a proper noun conceived in this way is sometimes called an ananym, especially if it is used as personal pseudonym. Unlike typical anadromes, these anadromic formations often do not conform to any real names or words. Similarly cacographic anadromes are also characteristic of Victorian back slang, where for example yob stands for boy.

Anagram
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into the phrase "nag a ram"; which is an Easter egg suggestion in Google after searching for the word "anagram".

The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an "anagrammatist", and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that reflect or comment on their subject.
Lothian East
Lothian East (/ˈloʊðiən/; Scots: Lowden East; Scottish Gaelic: Lodainn an Ear) is a constituency in Scotland which returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system. The seat has been represented since 2024 by Douglas Alexander of Scottish Labour; he had previously served as the MP for Paisley and Renfrewshire South, formerly Paisley South, from 1997-2015.

The constituency was formerly known as East Lothian. It was renamed as a result of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies and was first contested under the new name at the 2024 general election.

Paisley South (UK Parliament constituency)
Paisley South was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Desert King
Desert King (31 March 1994 – 11 August 2021) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. Desert King won the Irish Derby Stakes and Irish 2,000 Guineas and was the sire of 13 stakes winners with 34 stakes wins including Makybe Diva (GB).

He was a bay son of Danehill (USA) and he was inbred to Northern Dancer in the third generation (3m x 3f).

Irish Derby
The Irish Derby (Irish: Dearbaí na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 4 furlongs (2,414 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late June or early July.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the Derby Stakes, and it is usually held four weeks after the English race.