hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Ibbetson
David John Ibbetson FBA is a British legal historian and academic who served as Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Cambridge from 2000 to 2022, and President of Clare Hall, Cambridge from 2013 to 2020. A specialist in English legal history and Roman law, he is known for his work on the historical relationship between English Common Law and European legal systems.

Ibbetson spent twenty years at Magdalen College, Oxford as a Fellow and Tutor in Law. He was elected Fellow of the British Academy in 2003. During his time at Cambridge, he served as chairman of the Faculty of Law (2009-2012) and General Editor of the Cambridge Law Journal (2003-2009).

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Yakan Hussein
Yakan Hussein Zaki (Arabic: يكن حسين زكي; 12 September 1934 – 22 December 2012) was an Egyptian football coach and former football player who played as a defensive midfielder. He spent almost his whole career with Zamalek. He played also for the Egypt national football team. He was part of the team that won the 1959 African Cup of Nations. Hussein played for his country at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He was part of the team that won the gold medal at the Arab Games in 1953 and 1965. After retiring from football, he worked as a head coach. He was elected as Zamalek's board member in the 1990s.

Football at the 1965 Arab Games
The 1965 Arab Games football tournament was the 4th edition of the Arab Games men's football tournament. The football tournament was held in Cairo, Egypt between 2–11 September 1965 as part of the 1965 Arab Games.
Jonny Magallón
José Jonny Magallón Oliva (born 21 November 1981) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.

A defender capable of playing as a centre back and full-back, he started his senior career with Guadalajara in 2003. He was eventually sold to Club León in the summer of 2012, helping the team win both tournaments of the 2013–14 season. He had a brief stint with Argentinean club CA Lanús before returning to Mexico's second division team, Mineros de Zacatecas.

A regular Mexico international under Hugo Sánchez, he was called up to participate in the 2007 and 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cups, the 2007 Copa América, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the ninth edition of the Gold Cup, the soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF), and was won by the United States over Mexico. It was contested in the United States from June 6 to 24, 2007.

This competition was the third overall edition of the tournament without guests (for the first time since 1993) from other confederations. As the winner, the United States represented CONCACAF at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Anja Šaranović
Anja  (Serbian: Aња Шарановић, born 12 September 1989 in Kraljevo, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented her country in Miss International 2010 and was represented in the 2011 Miss Universe pageant.

Miss International 2010
Miss International 2010, the 50th anniversary of the Miss International pageant, was held on November 7, 2010, at the Sichuan Province Gymnasium in Chengdu, China. Miss International 2009, Anagabriela Espinoza of Mexico crowned her successor, Elizabeth Mosquera of Venezuela, at the end of the event.

Seventy contestants competed for the title, the highest turnout in the history of Miss International at the time. The contestants arrived in Shanghai on October 20 and 21, traveled to Chengdu on October 22 and returned to Shanghai after the finals.
Maelstrom (ride)
Maelstrom was a reversing Shoot the Chute dark ride attraction located in the Epcot theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. Designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, the ride opened on July 5, 1988, in the Norway Pavilion of the park's World Showcase section. It was a mix between a  log chute and a traditional film attraction. Visitors rode boats patterned after longships that passed through various scenes that featured Audio-Animatronics figures. The attraction was originally going to be called SeaVenture, with the entrance sign during construction displaying it as such. Sometime between March 1988 and the ride's opening, it was changed.

In September 2014, it was announced that the ride would be replaced by an attraction based on Disney Animation's 2013 film Frozen. Maelstrom's final day of operation was October 5, 2014. Frozen Ever After opened on June 21, 2016.

Audio-Animatronics
Audio-Animatronics (also known simply as AAs) are a form of mechatronic animatronics puppetry created by Walt Disney Imagineering and trademarked by the Walt Disney Company for use in designed shows and attractions at Disney theme parks.

Audio-Animatronics move and often synchronize with an audio soundtrack from an external sound system (generally a recorded speech or song), and are usually fixed to whatever supports them. They can sit and stand but cannot produce any form of locomotion.

An Audio-Animatronic differs from an android or robot in that it uses prerecorded movements and sounds, rather than responding to external stimuli.
High Commission of Ghana, London
The High Commission of Ghana in London is the diplomatic mission of Ghana in the United Kingdom.

The High Commission operates two separate offices: at 13 Belgrave Square, London, SW1X 8PN, and at Cromwell House, 104 Highgate Hill, London N6 5HE, as well as an Honorary Consulate in 17 Bellevue Road, Ayr KA7 2SA Glasgow, Scotland, and a Consulate at 1 Marine Terrace, Dun Laoghaire, Dublin A96 KD86, Ireland.

The Passports, Immigration, Recruitment, Education, Trade & Investment, Police Liaison and International Maritime Organization Sections are all located in the building at 104 Highgate Hill, Highgate.

The exterior of the building was filmed as the residence of the character Anna Kalman, played by Ingrid Bergman in the 1958 film, Indiscreet.

Highgate
Highgate is a suburban area of north London, which is divided among three London boroughs: Haringey in the north and east, Camden in the south and west, and Islington in the south and east. It lies at the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath, 4.5 mi (7 km) north-north-west of Charing Cross.

Highgate is one of the most expensive London suburbs in which to live. It has three conservation organisations: the Highgate Society, the Highgate Neighbourhood Forum and the Highgate Conservation Area Advisory Committee, to protect and enhance its character and amenities.
1981 BRDC International Trophy
The 33rd BRDC International Trophy was a Formula Two motor race held at Silverstone on 29 March 1981. It was the opening race of the 1981 European Formula Two Championship.

The 47-lap race was won by New Zealander Mike Thackwell, driving a works Ralt-Honda. Italian Riccardo Paletti finished second in a March-BMW entered by Onyx Race Engineering, with another Italian, Corrado Fabi, third in a works March-BMW.

Onyx Grand Prix
Formula One portal

Onyx Grand Prix is a former Formula One constructor from Britain that competed in the 1989 and 1990 Formula One seasons. The team participated in 26 World Championship Grands Prix (25 starts) and scored six World Constructors' Championship points. Its best result was third place, in the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix, for Stefan Johansson.
Giovanni Ancillotto
Lieutenant Giovanni 'Giannino' Ancillotto (15 November 1896 – 18 October 1924) was an Italian World War I flying ace credited with 11 confirmed aerial victories. Rather unusually, he served solely with aviation while he was in the military, beginning in the lowest rank. Among his aerial victories as a fighter pilot were three over enemy observation balloons right after the Battle of Caporetto. As an example of the hazards of balloon busting, on 5 December 1917 Ancillotto returned to base with singed swatches of the third balloon's fabric adhering to his damaged fighter plane.

Having survived the war as a Tenente with one Gold and three Silver awards of the Medal for Military Valor, Ancillotto flew a civil aircraft nonstop from Rome to Warsaw on 11 September 1919. In May 1921, he transited the Andes Mountains in Peru.

Giovanni Ancillotto died in an auto accident at Caravaggio, Lombardy on 18 October 1924.

Balloon buster
Balloon busters were military pilots known for destroying enemy observation balloons. These pilots were noted for their fearlessness, as balloons were stationary targets able to receive heavy defenses, from the ground and the air. Seventy-seven flying aces in World War I were each credited with destroying five or more balloons, and thus were balloon aces.
Raphespinal tract
The raphespinal tract is a descending spinal cord tract located in the medulla oblongata. It consists of two tracts an anterior raphespinal tract, and a lateral raphespinal tract that mainly descend in the lateral funiculus. Fibers descend in the ventral portion of the lateral funiculus, mainly bilaterally to terminate in laminae I, II, and IV.

The tract emerges from three of the raphe nuclei, the magnus, obscurus, and pallidus. The fibers of the raphespinal tract are mainly serotonergic. When raphe nuclei are stimulated they release serotonin which modulates the transmission of pain.

Nucleus raphe magnus
The nucleus raphe magnus (NRM)  is one of the seven raphe nuclei. It is situated in the pons in the brainstem,: 306  just rostral to the nucleus raphe obscurus.

The NRM receives afferent stimuli from the enkephalinergic neurons of the periaqueductal gray; the serotonergic neurons of the NRM then bilaterally project efferents to the enkephalinergic and dynorphin-containing interneurons of the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior grey column of the spinal cord. This neural path thus mediates pain perception through pre-synaptic inhibition of first-order afferent (sensory) neurons.: 225
Satya Pal Wahi
Satya Pal Wahi was an Indian corporate executive, army officer, technocrat, writer and a former chairman of public sector enterprises such as the Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC) and the Cement Corporation of India (CCI). He was a member the Corps of EME and held the rank of a colonel.
A recipient of the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa) from three Indian universities, Wahi also received honors such as the Petrotech Lifetime Achievement Award, the Indian Geophysical Union Silver jubilee Award and the Giants international Award. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1988, for his contributions to society.

Indian Army Corps of EME
The Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers (EME) is an arms and service branch of the Indian Army. The Corps has varying responsibilities related to the design, development, trial, inspection and refit of weapon systems and equipment. They also provide technical advice to units and conduct recovery operations in peace and war.
History of Madrid
The documented history of Madrid dates to the 9th century, even though the area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The primitive nucleus of Madrid, a walled military outpost in the left bank of the Manzanares, dates back to the second half of the 9th century, during the rule of the Emirate of Córdoba. Conquered by Christians in 1083 or 1085, Madrid consolidated in the Late Middle Ages as a middle to upper-middle rank town of the Crown of Castile. The development of Madrid as administrative centre began when the court of the Hispanic Monarchy was settled in the town in 1561.

Manzanares (river)
The Manzanares (Spanish pronunciation: [manθaˈnaɾes]) is a river in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. It flows from the Sierra de Guadarrama, passes through Madrid, and eventually empties into the Jarama river, which in turn is a right-bank tributary to the Tagus.
In its urban section, the Manzanares River was modified to create a section of water several meters deep, in some parts navigable by canoes. This project of channeling and damming has been partially reversed in a re-naturalization project.
1964 United States presidential election in Illinois
The 1964 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 3, 1964, as part of the 1964 United States presidential election. State voters chose 26 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Illinois was won by incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson (D–Texas), with 59.47% of the popular vote, against Senator Barry Goldwater (R–Arizona), with 40.53% of the popular vote. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Adams County, DeWitt County, Effingham County, Logan County, Menard County, Morgan County, Scott County, Wabash County, and Wayne County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.

This was the last time until 1992 that Illinois voted Democratic in a presidential race, after which the state has always gone Democratic. McLean County would not vote Democratic again until 2008.

Wayne County, Illinois
Wayne County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 16,179. Its county seat is Fairfield. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt".
Edmund Guerrier
Edmund Gasseau Choteau Le Guerrier (16 January 1840 – 1 January 1921), of American and Cheyenne parentage, was a survivor of the Sand Creek massacre in 1864. He was an interpreter for the U.S. government during the Indian Wars between the Cheyenne and the United States, and later became a successful rancher.

Sand Creek massacre
The Sand Creek massacre (also known as the Chivington massacre, the battle of Sand Creek or the massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of the Third Colorado Cavalry under the command of U.S. Volunteers Colonel John Chivington, a Methodist pastor, attacked and annihilated a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho people in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70 to over 600 Native American people. Chivington claimed 500 to 600 warriors were killed. However, most sources estimate around 150 people were killed, about two-thirds of whom were women and children. The location has been designated the Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site and is administered by the National Park Service. The massacre is considered part of a series of events known as the Colorado Wars.
Gas and Electricity Act 1968
The Gas and Electricity Act 1968 (c. 39) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which extended the powers of the Gas Council, the area gas boards and the Electricity Council to borrow money, including foreign currency, to meet their obligations; it permitted statutory gas and electricity bodies to render technical aid overseas; and allowed further member  appointments to the Electricity Council. The Act was principally in response to a rapid growth of the gas industry following the discovery of North Sea gas on the UK Continental Shelf in 1965.

Electricity Council
The Electricity Council was a governmental body set up in 1958 to oversee the electricity supply industry in England and Wales.

The council was established on 1 January 1958 to assume the coordinating and policy-making functions of the Central Electricity Authority (1955–7), which had in turn replaced the British Electricity Authority (1948–55). The Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) was also established in January 1958, as the body for electricity generation, transmission and bulk sales in England and Wales.
Coupar Angus Town Hall
Coupar Angus Town Hall is a municipal structure in Union Street in Coupar Angus, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The structure, which is used as a community events venue and a library, is a Category C listed building.

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross (Scots: Pairth an Kinross; Scottish Gaelic: Peairt agus Ceann Rois) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Dundee, and Fife to the east, Clackmannanshire to the south, and Stirling and Argyll and Bute to the west.

Geographically the area is split by the Highland Boundary Fault into a more mountainous northern part and a flatter southern part. The northern area is a popular tourist spot, while agriculture makes an important contribution to the southern part of the area.

The area is run by Perth and Kinross Council, which is based in Perth.
Alan Hostetter
Alan Hostetter is an American convicted felon, anti-lockdown activist and founder of the American Phoenix Project who took part in the United States Capitol attack on January 6, 2021.

He was sentenced on December 7, 2023, to 11 years and three months in prison, as well as $2,000 in restitution and a fine of $30,000, for four felonies related to the attack.

On January 20, 2025, after beginning his second presidency, Donald Trump issued pardons to roughly 1500 individuals charged with crimes connected to January 6, including Hostetter.

Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Protests, demonstrations and strikes occurred around the world against national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental bodies. Some were driven by the financial hardship resulting from government measures to contain the virus, including restrictions on travel and entertainment, hitting related industries and workers hard. Protests also occurred in opposition to restrictions on people's movements, compulsory wearing of face masks, lockdowns, vaccinations and other measures that have been criticized for violating autonomy and freedom.

This article lists and summarizes such activities in various countries around the world.
C. John Satti
Charles John Satti (December 4, 1895 – May 7, 1968) was an American politician and physician. He was a Democratic party leader of New London and was Secretary of the State of Connecticut from 1935 to 1939. He commonly went by C. John Satti.

Secretary of the State of Connecticut
The secretary of the state of Connecticut is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Connecticut. (The definite article is part of the legal job title.) It is an elected position in the state government and has a term length of four years.

The current secretary of the state is Stephanie Thomas, a Democrat who has held the office since January 2023 after defeating Republican opponent Dominic Rapini in the 2022 general election.

The Secretary of the State's Office is composed of two divisions:

The Legislation and Elections Administration Division, which administers elections and ensures compliance with state and federal election laws. This division is also responsible for maintaining governmental records, administering the Seal of Connecticut, and licensing notaries public.

The Commercial Recording Division, which charters corporations and other business entities, registers trademarks, service marks, and liens under the Uniform Commercial Code, and issues apostilles.
Browning, Saskatchewan
Browning is an unincorporated community in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.

The community was named after poet Robert Browning and is part of "Poet's Corner" along the CN Railway line in south-east Saskatchewan. Other poetic towns include Carlyle (Thomas Carlyle), Wordsworth (William Wordsworth), Service (Robert W. Service), Cowper (William Cowper), and Lampman (Archibald Lampman).

There is no "town" now and the only building still standing from the original townsite is the old school, which is abandoned and boarded up. There still are a few farms nearby and the Browning Cemetery. The abandoned church, St. Anthony's Catholic Church, burnt down in the spring of 2012. The post office, which opened on 1 February 1911, closed on 31 March 1970.

Rural Municipality of Moose Mountain No. 63
The Rural Municipality of Moose Mountain No. 63 (2016 population: 492) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 1 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the south-east portion of the province.
Toʻti Yusupova
Toʻti Tojiboyevna Yusupova  (Uzbek: Тўти Тожибой қизи Юсупова, Toʻti Tojiboy qizi Yusupova; [toˈtɯ tɑd͡ʒɯˈbɑj qɯˈzɯ juˈsupəvɐ], Russian: Ту́ти Тожибоевна Юсу́пова; 1 July 1880 (claimed) – 28 March 2015) was an Uzbekistani longevity claimant. At the alleged age of 134 years, 270 days, she was claimed to be the oldest living person in the world and oldest person ever, her claimed age exceeding that of the currently recognised claimant Jeanne Louise Calment by 12 years. She was born and died in the same village, but lived in four states: the Khanate of Khiva, the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic, the Soviet Union and independent Uzbekistan.

Jeanne Calment
Jeanne Louise Calment (French: [ʒan lwiz kalmɑ̃] ⓘ; 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997) was a French supercentenarian. With a documented lifespan of 122 years and 164 days, she is the oldest person in history whose age has been verified. Her longevity attracted media attention and medical studies of her health and lifestyle. Calment is the only person in history who has been verified to have reached the age of 120.

According to census records, Calment outlived both her daughter and her grandson. In January 1988, she was widely reported to be the oldest living person in the world. In 1995, at age 120, she was declared to be the oldest person in history with a verified date of birth.
Raymond Henry Norweb
Raymond Henry Norweb  (May 31, 1895 – October 4, 1983) was a United States diplomat with posts in various countries, including France, Bolivia, The Dominican Republic, Peru, Portugal and Cuba. In 1943 he was sent to Portugal, with the personal rank of Ambassador,  to close the negotiations for the agreement between the United States and Portugal that allowed the United States to obtain a military base in the Azores, the Lajes Field, in time for the Azores to play a substantial role in the Far Eastern campaign.

Lajes Field
Lajes Field or Lajes Air Base (pronounced [ˈlaʒɨʃ]; Portuguese: Base Aérea das Lajes), officially designated Air Base No. 4 (Base Aérea n.º 4, BA4) (IATA: TER, ICAO: LPLA), is a multi-use airfield near Lajes and 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal. It is home to the Portuguese Air Force Base Aérea n.º 4 and Azores Air Zone Command (Portuguese: Comando da Zona Aérea dos Açores), a United States Air Force detachment unit (operated by the 65th Air Base Group of United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa), and a regional air passenger terminal. Located about 3,680 km (2,290 mi) east of New York City and about 1,600 km (990 mi) west of Lisbon, Portugal; the base sits in a strategic location midway between North America and Europe in the north Atlantic Ocean.