hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shadows of the Bat
"Shadows of the Bat" is a 12-issue weekly comic book event published in December 2021, mainly set in the Detective Comics series. Set after "Fear State", the storyline features the Bat-Family dealing with a new villain and Arkham Tower being created in Gotham City. The event received positive reviews from critics who praised the action, story, and art.

Fear State
"Fear State" is a comic book crossover storyline published by the comic book publishing company DC Comics in late 2021, featuring Batman and his family. Primarily written by James Tynion IV, the arc is his second and final major arc on Batman in DC Rebirth. The main story was from Batman (vol. 3) #112–117, also including multiple tie-in issues.

The story involves Scarecrow wanting to control Gotham City using fear, and Mayor Christopher Nakano's mission to protect the city with his ground-breaking deal with the Magistrate (similar to an alternate future in "Future State"). This story introduces new characters Miracle Molly and Ghost-Maker and debuts Jace Fox as Batman. The crossover event received positive reviews from critics, with critics praising the action, art, and tie-ins, but the main story received criticism for its sluggish pacing.
Prusa Research
Prusa Research a.s., commonly referred to as Prusa, is a Czech company that produces 3D printers, and was the world's second largest 3D printer manufacturer in 2020.

It was founded in 2012 by Josef Průša, a developer in the RepRap project which has a strong emphasis on open-source hardware. In the past, all printers produced by the company were open source – their design plans were fully available online and anyone could use them, for example to improve an existing printer. Some examples are the Prusa i3, Prusa Mini and Prusa XL.

As of 2023, the company started partially abandoning this open-source concept due to competition from others (including their open-source software being used by competitor Bambu Lab), and in 2024 launched their second CoreXY printer Prusa Core One which is no longer fully open-source.

Bambu Lab
Bambu Lab (Chinese: 拓竹; pinyin: Tuò zhú) is a consumer tech company that designs and manufactures desktop 3D printers. The company is based in Shenzhen, China, with locations also in Shanghai, China, and Austin, Texas. It was founded by a team of engineers from DJI.
H. A. Elliott
Harold A. Elliott was an American lawyer and politician from Arizona.  He served several terms in the Arizona State Senate from the 4th Arizona State Legislature through the 7th Arizona State Legislature. He graduated from the University of Michigan Law School, and became an attorney, eventually becoming Phelps Dodge's chief counsel.

Phelps Dodge
Phelps Dodge Corporation was an American mining company founded in 1834 as an import-export firm by Anson Greene Phelps and his two sons-in-law William Earle Dodge, Sr. and Daniel James. The latter two ran Phelps, James & Co., the part of the organization based in Liverpool, England. The import-export firm at first exported United States cotton from the Deep South to England and imported various metals to the US needed for industrialization. With the expansion of the Western frontier in North America, the corporation acquired mines and mining companies, including the Copper Queen Mine in Cochise County, Arizona and the Dawson, New Mexico coal mines. It operated its own mines and acquired railroads to carry its products. By the late 19th century, it was known as a mining company.

On March 19, 2007, Freeport-McMoRan completed a $25.9 billion acquisition of Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Prove Out
Prove Out (1969–1990) was an American thoroughbred racehorse best known for his wins over Secretariat in the 1973 Woodward Stakes, and Riva Ridge in the 1973 Jockey Club Gold Cup. Over a two month period in 1973, he defeated four Hall of Fame horses (Secretariat, Riva Ridge, Forego, and Cougar II) in three different races at three different distances.

Cougar (horse)
Cougar II (1966–1989) was a Chilean Thoroughbred racehorse who also competed in the 
United States, where he was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. Cougar was noted for his late running style and versatility, winning major stakes races on both dirt and turf. Following his relocation from Chile to the United States, he was registered as Cougar II.
845 Naëma
845 Naëma (prov. designation: A916 WM or 1916 AS) is a large asteroid and the parent body of the Naëma family located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 16 November 1916, by astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 20.9 hours and measures approximately 54 kilometers (34 miles) in diameter on average, as it is likely elongated in shape. Any reference of the asteroid's name to a person is unknown.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
William A. Petri
William A. Petri is a physician-scientist at the University of Virginia School of Medicine and the Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology. He is a member of the Association of American Physicians and the American Society for Clinical Investigation, both medical honor societies recognizing distinguished physicians. Petri is the past president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene and has been elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology. He developed an FDA-approved test to detect amebiasis, and later, with significant funding from NIH, developed a vaccine program.  He is the highest funded researcher in the School of Medicine. Under his leadership, the division's annual research funding has increased from 0.5 million to $19 million, making it the highest externally-funded program at the university.

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) is an Arlington, Virginia-based non-profit organization of scientists, clinicians, students and program professionals whose longstanding mission is to promote global health through the prevention and control of infectious and other diseases that disproportionately afflict the global poor. ASTMH members work in areas of research, health care and education that encompass laboratory science,  international field studies,  clinical care and country-wide programs of disease control. The current organization was formed in 1951 with the amalgamation of the American Society of Tropical Medicine, founded in 1903, and the National Malaria Society, founded in 1941.

ASTMH has more than 2,700 members from all regions of the world including North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The Society publishes The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, a monthly scientific publication.
Noord-Brabantsch-Duitsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij
The Noord-Brabantsch-Deutsche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NBDS) was a railway company undertaking and providing rail transport between Boxtel and Wesel via Uden, Veghel, Gennep, Goch and Xanten. This railway was known in the Netherlands as "Duits lijntje " (German line). On July 15, 1873, the section from Boxtel to Goch could be opened. On July 1, 1878, the second section of the line, the section from Goch to Wesel, could be opened. The total length of the line was 92.7 kilometers, of which 52.7 kilometers on Dutch territory. From Büderich, another 8.2 kilometers of the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn was used, so was a part of the line from Venlo via Wesel to Haltern, Münster and Hamburg.

Cologne–Minden Railway Company
The Cologne-Minden Railway Company (German, old spelling: Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) was along with the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company and the Rhenish Railway Company one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.
Conservation and restoration of lacquerware
The conservation and restoration of lacquerware prevents and mitigates deterioration or damage to objects made with lacquer. The two main types of lacquer are Asian, made with sap from the Urushi tree, and European, made with a variety of shellac and natural resins. Lacquer can be damaged by age, light, water, temperature, or damaged substrate.

Conservation treatments include dry cleaning, wet cleaning, consolidation and filling losses. Eastern cultures use Asian lacquer to repair damages and fill and consolidate losses. Western cultures typically use alternate materials that can be reversed with minimal risk to the original object.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
Hector Crowther
Hector H. Crowther (26 March 1901 – 3 February 1989) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Hunslet, as a second-row.

Hunslet F.C. (1883)
Hunslet F.C. was a professional rugby league club based in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club was a founding member of the Rugby Football League in 1895.

Hunslet were a strong force in the early years of the Northern Union, winning the League Championship and Challenge Cup twice. Their greatest achievement was winning All Four Cups in 1908.

The club played home games at Parkside and had a cross city rivalry with Leeds. After the club disbanded in 1973 a new club; New Hunslet was formed.
1864 Victorian colonial election
The 1864 Victorian colonial election was held from 5 October to 3 November 1864 to elect the 4th Parliament of Victoria.  All 78 seats in 49 electorates in the Legislative Assembly were up for election, though sixteen seats were uncontested.

There were 24 single-member, 21 two-member and 4 three-member electorates.

Support for liberal protectionist candidates dominated this election, to such an extent that the colonial newspapers made no attempt to classify individual elected members as Ministerialists or Oppositionists.  While the election was still underway an editorial in The Argus commented that "the Opposition apparently is defunct", adding that "a surprising spirit of concord reigns throughout our political world".

Ministerialists and Oppositionists
Ministerialists and Oppositionists were political groupings in the political systems in a number of Australian colonies and states, used to describe supporters or opponents of the government of the day. The terminology had earlier been used in the same way in the United Kingdom.

Prior to federation in 1901 (and for a short period after) a formal political party structure was not fully in place, and the terminology was used in the parliaments of Queensland, Victoria and Western Australia.

Outside of parliamentary groupings, the terminology was also used at various elections.
George Nicholls (rugby league)
George Nicholls (born 14 May 1944) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. A Great Britain and England international representative forward, he played his club rugby for English sides Widnes and St Helens. Eventually becoming a St Helens R.F.C. Hall of Fame inductee, he also became the first player to win the Man of Steel Award, Harry Sunderland Trophy and Lance Todd Trophy with the club. With Great Britain, Nicholls also won the 1972 Rugby League World Cup.

1972 Rugby League World Cup
The sixth Rugby League World Cup was held in France in October and November 1972. Australia were the holders, while New Zealand had beaten all three of the other nations in 1971 and France were on their home soil. Great Britain won the title and levelled the score of World titles with the Australians at 3-3.

The final was held at Stade Gerland in Lyon. Great Britain played Australia and, with scores level and unchanged after extra time, claimed the cup on league placing.

This was the last World Cup to be played under the four-tackle rule.
Christianity in Sudan
Christianity in Sudan has a long and rich history, dating back to the early centuries of the Christian era.
Ancient Nubia was reached by Coptic Christianity by the 1st century.
The Coptic Church was later influenced by Greek Christianity, particularly during the Byzantine era. From the 7th century, the Christian Nubian kingdoms were threatened by the Islamic expansion, but the southernmost of these kingdoms, Alodia, survived until 1504.

Southern Sudan (including what is now South Sudan) remained long dominated by traditional (tribal) religions of the Nilotic peoples, with significant conversion to Christianity during the 20th and 21st centuries.

Religion in South Sudan
Christianity is the most widely professed religion in South Sudan, with significant minorities of the adherents of traditional faiths and Islam.

President Salva Kiir, a Catholic, while speaking at St. Theresa Cathedral in Juba, stated that South Sudan would be a nation which respects freedom of religion. The reported estimated relative proportions of adherents of traditional African religions and Christianity have varied. A 2019 study found that Protestants outnumbered Catholics in South Sudan.
2024 in Meitei culture
2024 (Meitei: ꯲꯰꯲꯴) in Meitei culture, including but not limited to Meitei architecture, Meitei cinema, Meitei cuisine, Meitei dances, Meitei festivals, Meitei language, Meitei literature, Meitei music, Meitei religion, Meitei script, etc.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
2022 Auckland local board elections
149 members were elected to local boards in the 2022 Auckland local board elections, an election held as part of the 2022 New Zealand local elections. Progress results were released on the 8 October. Preliminary results released on 9 October. Official and final results were released on 15 October.

2022 New Zealand local elections
The 2022 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2022) were triennial elections that was held from 16 September until 8 October to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

All 11 of New Zealand's regions and 66 of New Zealand's 67 cities and districts participated in the elections; Tauranga City Council was under crown commission and did not hold elections.
David Philippaerts
David Philippaerts (born 7 December 1983 in Pietrasanta) is an Italian former professional motocross racer of Italian and Belgian descent. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2000 to 2014 before returning as a wild card in 2022. His most notable achievement is winning the 2008 MX1 World Championship.

Philippaerts was the 2008 F.I.M. world champion in the MX-1GP class riding for a Yamaha team run by former motocross world champion Michele Rinaldi.

Motocross World Championship
The FIM Motocross World Championship is the premier championship of motocross racing, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), divided into two distinct classes: MXGP and MX2. Race duration is 30 minutes plus two laps per race. The series runs 20 events with two races per class,  including a point-scoring qualification race.
The FIM Women's Motocross World Championship (MXW) is a women-only motocross championship, inaugurated in 2005, and is a feeder series to the FIM Motocross World Championship.
Tenor cornett
The tenor cornett or lizard was a common musical instrument in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. This instrument was normally built in C and the pedal (lowest) note of the majority of tenor cornetts was the C below middle C. A number of surviving instruments feature a key to secure the lowest note. The instrument has a useful range of approximately two and a half octaves, however, an experienced player with a strong embouchure may be able to push the instrument higher.

The tenor cornett was used by composers like Giovanni Gabrieli, Heinrich Schütz and Orlando di Lasso as an alto or tenor voice in an ensemble of cornetts and trombones.

Like most specimens of treble cornetts, tenor cornetts were usually pitched in Chorton or Cornettton, ca. a' = 466 Hz – around a semi-tone higher than modern concert pitch, which is a' = 440 Hz.

Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso (various other names; probably c. 1532 – 14 June 1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lasso stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe.
Francis Kramarz
Francis Kramarz (born March 8, 1958) is a French economist. Until 2024, he was Professor at the École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE), where he directed the Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST). He is one of the leading labour economists in France.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
German trawler V 402 Dr. Adolf Spilker
Dr. Adolf Spilker was a German fishing trawler that was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in the Second World War for use as a Vorpostenboot, serving as V 401 Dr. Adolf Spilker and V 402 Dr. Adolf Spilker. She was scuttled at Bayonne, France in August 1944.

Vorpostenboot
Vorpostenboot (plural Vorpostenboote), also referred to as VP-Boats, flakships or outpost boats, were German patrol boats which served during both World Wars. They were used around coastal areas and in coastal operations, and were tasked with – among other things – coastal patrol, ship escort, and naval combat.
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase
Thyroxine 5-deiodinase also known as type III iodothyronine deiodinase (EC number 1.21.99.3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DIO3 gene. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H+  L-thyroxine + AH2

The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the inactivation of thyroid hormone by inner ring deiodination of the prohormone thyroxine (T4) and the bioactive hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) to inactive metabolites, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (RT3) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2), respectively. This enzyme is highly expressed in the pregnant uterus, placenta, fetal and neonatal tissues, suggesting that it plays an essential role in the regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development.

Iodothyronine deiodinase
Iodothyronine deiodinases (EC 1.21.99.4 and EC 1.21.99.3) are a subfamily of deiodinase enzymes important in the activation and deactivation of thyroid hormones. Thyroxine (T4), the precursor of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is transformed into T3 by deiodinase activity.  T3, through binding a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, influences the expression of genes in practically every vertebrate cell.   Iodothyronine deiodinases are unusual in that these enzymes contain selenium, in the form of an otherwise rare amino acid selenocysteine.

These enzymes are not to be confused with the iodotyrosine deiodinases that are also deiodinases, but not members of the iodothyronine family. The iodotyrosine deiodinases (unlike the iodothyronine deiodinases) do not use selenocysteine or selenium. The iodotyrosine enzymes work on iodinated single tyrosine residue molecules to scavenge iodine, and do not use as substrates the double-tyrosine residue molecules of the various iodothyronines.
Social studies of finance
Social studies of finance is an interdisciplinary research area that combines perspectives from anthropology, economic sociology, science and technology studies, international political economy, behavioral finance, and cultural studies in the study of financial markets and financial instruments. Work in social studies of finance emphasizes the social and cultural dimensions of financial activities, but focuses also on technical and economic dimensions such as pricing and trading.

Science and technology studies
Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
Paul Garelli
Paul Garelli (23 April 1924  – 8 July 2006) was a French Assyriologist, director of research at the CNRS, professor at the Sorbonne and the l'EPHE, a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres and professor at the Collège de France.

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (French pronunciation: [akademi dez‿ɛ̃skʁipsjɔ̃ e bɛl lɛtʁ]) is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope is the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy), historical literature (see Belles-lettres) and the cultures of the civilizations of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the classical period, as well as those of non-European civilizations.