hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017 Outer Critics Circle Awards
The 2017 Outer Critics Circle Awards winners were announced on May 7, 2017, recognizing excellence in Broadway and Off-Broadway productions during the 2017–18 season. Nominations were announced on April 25, 2017, with Anastasia receiving the most nominations with 13, while Hello, Dolly! followed with 10 nominations and Come From Away with seven. For Off-Broadway, The Band's Visit was the most-nominated production with seven nominations.

Come From Away and Hello, Dolly! tied for the most wins, with five each, including Outstanding New Broadway Musical for the former and Outstanding Revival of a Musical for the latter. Following them with two wins apiece were Broadway musical Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812 and Broadway play The Little Foxes.

Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Broadway Musical
The Outer Critics Circle Award for Best New Broadway Musical is an annual award given to the best new musical on Broadway, as determined by Outer Critics Circle. The award has been given out since 1949-1950 season.

Gian Carlo Menotti won the inaugural award for Best New Broadway Musical for The Consul in 1950.
Hiccup
A hiccup (scientific name singultus, from Latin for "sob, hiccup"; also spelled hiccough) is an involuntary contraction (myoclonic jerk) of the diaphragm that may repeat several times per minute. The hiccup is an involuntary action involving a reflex arc. Once triggered, the reflex causes a contraction of the diaphragm followed by the closure of the glottis, the space between the vocal cords, in about 35 milliseconds, which results in the "hic" sound.

Hiccups may occur individually or in bouts. The rhythm of the hiccup, or the time between hiccups, tends to be relatively constant. A bout of hiccups generally resolves itself without intervention, although many home remedies are often used to attempt to shorten the duration. Medical treatment is occasionally necessary in cases of chronic hiccups.

Spasm
A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ, such as the bladder.

A spasmodic muscle contraction may be caused by many medical conditions, including dystonia. Most commonly, it is a muscle cramp which is accompanied by a sudden burst of pain. A muscle cramp is usually harmless and ceases after a few minutes. It is typically caused by ion imbalance or muscle fatigue.

There are other causes of involuntary muscle contractions, and some of these may cause a health problem.

A series of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism".
Jack Plummer
Jack Plummer (born October 21, 1999) is an American professional football quarterback for the Orlando Storm of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers, California Golden Bears, and Louisville Cardinals before signing with the Carolina Panthers as an undrafted free agent in 2024.

California Golden Bears football
The California Golden Bears football program represents the University of California, Berkeley, in college football as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. They were previously a member of the Pac-12 Conference. The team plays its home games at California Memorial Stadium and was most recently coached by Justin Wilcox before his firing following the 2025 Big Game. Since beginning of play in 1886, the team has won five NCAA recognized national titles — 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1937 — and 14 conference championships, the last one in 2006. It has also produced what are considered to be two of the oddest and most memorable plays in college football: Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels' fumble recovery at the 1929 Rose Bowl and The Play kickoff return in the 1982 Big Game.
Gillian Dobbie
Gillian Christine Dobbie FRSNZ is a New Zealand computer scientist. She is a professor at the University of Auckland and the Director of the Auckland ICT Graduate School. She is also a visiting professor at National University of Singapore and on the advisory board of the Victoria University of Wellington.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Prince Karl Johann of Liechtenstein
Prince Karl Johann of Liechtenstein (Karl Borromäus Johann Nepomuk Anton; 14 June 1803, in Vienna – 12 October 1871, in Ischl) was the third and youngest son of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein (1760–1836) and wife Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, nephew of Aloys I, brother of Aloys II and uncle of Johann II and Franz I.

His father, Prince Johann I, ceded governance of Lichtenstein to him when he was still a minor in 1806, according to the terms of a treaty with the Confederation of the Rhine, which dissolved in 1813.

Bad Ischl
Bad Ischl (Austrian German [baːt ˈɪʃl̩]) is a spa town in Austria. It lies in the southern part of Upper Austria, at the river Traun in the centre of the Salzkammergut region. The town consists of the Katastralgemeinden Ahorn, Bad Ischl, Haiden, Jainzen, Kaltenbach, Lauffen, Lindau, Pfandl, Perneck, Reiterndorf and Rettenbach. It is connected to the village of Strobl by the river Ischl, which drains from the Wolfgangsee, and to the Traunsee, into which the stream empties. It is home to the Kaiservilla, summer residence of Austro-Hungarian monarchs Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. In 2024, Bad Ischl was one of the European Capitals of Culture – the third city in Austria after Graz (2003) and Linz (2009).
Karim Zaza
Karim Zaza (Danish pronunciation: [kʰɑˈʁim ˈsɑsɑ], Arabic: كريم زازا; born 9 January 1975) is a former professional footballer.

Born in Denmark, he established himself as one of the top goalkeepers of Danish football with three consecutive Danish Goalkeeper of the Year awards from 2001 to 2003. He won the Danish Cup twice with F.C. Copenhagen, once with Odense Boldklub (OB) and the Double with Brøndby IF, as well as another Danish championship with AaB in 2008. He played five games for the Morocco national football team.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Quarry Lakes Regional Recreation Area
37°34′37″N 122°0′23″W﻿ / ﻿37.57694°N 122.00639°W﻿ / 37.57694; -122.00639

Quarry Lakes Regional Recreation Area is a regional park located in Fremont, California that is part of the East Bay Regional Parks system. Before being converted into a park, the site was used as a gravel quarry. When water purchased by the public for groundwater recharge of the Niles Cone flooded the gravel pits, the gravel harvesters began to daily pump the seeping water down Alameda Creek into San Francisco Bay. The Alameda County Water District acquired the quarry after the pumping was declared to be an illegal waste in 1976.

The Park is located roughly between Centerville and Niles. It is bounded to the northeast by the train tracks of the BART system, and to the south and west by Alameda Creek.

Gravel pit
A gravel pit is an open-pit mine for the extraction of gravel.

Gravel pits often lie in river valleys where the water table is high, so they may naturally fill with water to form ponds or lakes. Gravel pit lakes are typically nutrient rich and can support thriving ecosystems, but can also present environmental issues such as the release of toxic metals into watersheds from the exposed rock. Old, abandoned gravel pits are normally used either as nature reserves, or as amenity areas for water sports, landfills and walking. In Germany former gravel or sand pits that have filled up with water are known as Baggersee ("power dug lake") and popular for recreational use.  In addition, many gravel pits in the United Kingdom have been stocked with freshwater fish such as the common carp to create coarse fishing locations. Gravel pit lakes have also been stocked with carp in Denmark, as well as rainbow trout.
Origin of the Armenians
The origin of the Armenians is a topic concerned with the emergence of the Armenian people and the country called Armenia. The earliest universally accepted reference to the people and the country dates back to the 6th century BC Behistun Inscription, followed by several Greek fragments and books. The earliest known reference to a geopolitical entity where Armenians originated from is dated to the 13th century BC as Uruatri in Old Assyrian. Historians and Armenologists have speculated about the earlier origin of the Armenian people, but no consensus has been achieved as of yet. Genetic studies show that Armenian people are indigenous to historical Armenia, showing little to no signs of admixture since around the 13th century BC.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
Don Black (white supremacist)
Stephen Donald Black (born July 28, 1953) is an American white supremacist. He is the founder and webmaster of the neo-Nazi website Stormfront. He was an Imperial Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan and a member of the American Nazi Party in the 1970s, though at the time he was a member it was known as the "National Socialist White Peoples' Party". He was convicted in 1981 of attempting an armed overthrow of the government in the island of Dominica in violation of the U.S. Neutrality Act.

American Nazi Party
The American Nazi Party (ANP) is an American neo-Nazi political party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell in 1959. In Rockwell's time, it was headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. It was renamed the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP) in 1967. Rockwell was assassinated by former ANP member John Patler later that year. Following Rockwell's murder, the organization appointed Rockwell's second in command, Deputy Commander Matt Koehl, as the new leader.

The NSWPP, now under Koehl's command, was subject to ideological disagreements between members in the 1970s and 1980s, leading to several members being kicked out and forming their own groups. Koehl renamed the NSWPP the New Order in 1983, which came with a shift in the organization towards esoteric neo-Nazism. After Koehl's death in 2014, a long-time member and officer of the New Order, Martin Kerr, assumed leadership.
Donna Rose Addis
Donna Rose Addis is the world's first neuroscientist of Samoan descent and New Zealand psychology academic. She earned the title of full Professor at the University of Auckland before moving to Toronto in 2018 as the Canada 150 Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Aging at the University of Toronto and a Senior Scientist at the Rotman Research Institute in Baycrest Hospital. She retains an appointment at Auckland on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Centre for Brain Research in the School of Psychology.

Baycrest Health Sciences
Baycrest Health Sciences is a research and teaching hospital for the elderly in the North York district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is fully affiliated with the University of Toronto. Baycrest was originally founded in 1918 as the Toronto Jewish Old Folks Home in a semi-detached Victorian house at 29 Cecil Street in Downtown Toronto.
Duke of Guimarães
Duke of Guimarães was a Nobility title granted by King Afonso V of Portugal in 1475, to Ferdinand II, 3rd Duke of Braganza. The king just upgraded the previous title of count of Guimarães, that he granted to the same Duke of Braganza, some years before (in 1464).

When Isabel of Braganza married Infante Duarte, King Manuel I of Portugal's youngest son, her brother, Teodósio I, Duke of Braganza ceded the dukedom as her dowry, and Duarte became the 4th duke of Guimarães. As their son (Duarte II, 5th duke of Guimarães) died without issue, the dukedom returned to the crown, but was soon granted again to the House of Braganza, when king Philip III of Portugal, gave it to John II, 8th Duke of Braganza.

John IV of Portugal
Dom John IV (João; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), also known by the Portuguese as John the Restorer (João, o Restaurador), was the King of Portugal from 1640 until his death in 1656. He restored the independence of Portugal from Habsburg Spanish rule by terminating the 60-year-old Iberian Union in which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch, and by establishing the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne.

Before becoming king, he was John II, the 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.
Uta Frith
Dame Uta Frith (née Aurnhammer; born 25 May 1941) is a German-British developmental psychologist and emeritus professor in cognitive development at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London (UCL). She pioneered much of the current research into autism and dyslexia. Her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma introduced the cognitive neuroscience of autism. She is credited with creating the Sally–Anne test along with fellow scientists Alan Leslie and Simon Baron-Cohen. Among students she has mentored are Tony Attwood, Maggie Snowling, Simon Baron-Cohen and Francesca Happé.

UCL Neuroscience
UCL Neuroscience is a research domain that encompasses the breadth of neuroscience research activity across University College London's (UCL) School of Life and Medical Sciences. The domain was established in January 2008, to coordinate neuroscience activity across the many UCL departments and institutes in which neuroscience research takes place. In 2014, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the UCL neuroscientist John O'Keefe. In two consecutive years 2017 and 2018, the Brain Prize, the world's most valuable prize for brain research at €1m, was awarded to UCL neuroscientists Peter Dayan, Ray Dolan, John Hardy, and Bart De Strooper.

UCL Neuroscience comprises over 450 senior principal investigators and includes 26 Fellows of the Royal Society and 60 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences. It is currently ranked second in the world for neuroscience and behaviour by Thomson ISI Essential Science Indicators.
Masagram railway station
Masagram  is a  Kolkata Suburban Railway station on the Howrah–Bardhaman chord and is located in Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves Masagram and surrounding villages. The construction of the Bankura–Masagram line made Masagram a junction station. The Damodar flows nearby.

Howrah–Barddhaman chord line
The Howrah–Barddhaman chord line is a broad-gauge rail line connecting Howrah and Bardhaman. The 95-kilometre-long (59 mi) railway line operates in Howrah,  Hooghly and Purba Bardhaman districts in the state of West Bengal. It is part of the Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line, Howrah–Delhi main line, Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line and the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.
Brimah Razak
Brimah Razak (born 22 June 1987) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

He spent most of his career in Spain, representing Guadalajara, Mirandés and Córdoba in the Segunda División. He also played professionally in Portugal and South Africa, winning the Premier Division with Mamelodi Sundowns.

Razak appeared in two Africa Cup of Nations editions with Ghana, having made his debut in 2013.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Chaykovsky, Perm Krai
Chaykovsky (Russian: Чайковский) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the Kama River 325 kilometers (202 mi) southwest of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population: The population as of 2023 is 75,324 people.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Guajataca State Forest
Guajataca State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Guajataca) is one of the 20 forests that make up the public forest system of Puerto Rico. The Guajataca Forest is located in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico, along the Northern Karst zone in the municipality of Isabela and municipality of Quebradillas, and is near Camuy and San Sebastián. The forest is renowned for its ecological diversity, the mogotes and karstic formations, and its numerous caves and canyons. It also has the largest trail system of any Puerto Rican state forest.

Isabela, Puerto Rico
Isabela (Spanish pronunciation: [isaˈβela]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the north-western region of the island, north of San Sebastián; west of Quebradillas; and east of Aguadilla and Moca. It is named in honor of Queen Isabella I of Castile. Isabela is spread over 13 barrios and Isabela Pueblo, which is the downtown area and administrative center. It is a principal part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area.
First Milk (company)
First Milk is a British dairy co-operative which manufactures cheese, specialist dairy ingredients and whey proteins for its customers, as well as providing traceable fresh milk to a range of dairy manufacturers and food processors. As a dairy co-operative, owned and run by farmers; the area covered by its milk pool runs from the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland down through England and Wales.

The co-operative operates the largest regenerative farming programme in the UK dairy industry in a commitment to building the sustainability of British dairy and taking a holistic approach to food production. First Milk was awarded B Corp certification in 2022, as well as being awarded the King's Enterprise Award for Sustainable Development in recognition of its contribution and commitment to sustainable practices.

The King's Awards for Enterprise
The King's Awards for Enterprise, previously known as The Queen's Award for Enterprise, is an awards programme for British businesses and other organizations who excel at international trade, innovation, sustainable development or promoting opportunity (through social mobility). They are the highest official UK awards for British businesses. The scheme was established as The Queen's Award to Industry by a royal warrant of 30 November 1965, and awards are given for outstanding achievement by UK businesses in the categories of innovation, international trade, sustainable development and promoting opportunity through social mobility.

Each award is valid for five years: recipients are invited to a royal reception and are presented with the award at their company premises by one of the King's representatives, a Lord-lieutenant. Recipients are also able to fly the King's Awards flag at their main office, and use the emblem on marketing materials such as packaging and adverts.
Billy Kidd
William Winston Kidd (born April 13, 1943) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team from 1962 to 1970.

At the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Kidd and teammate Jimmie Heuga became the first American men to win Olympic medals in alpine skiing, winning silver and bronze in the slalom. Six years later, Kidd won a gold medal in the combined and a bronze in the slalom at the 1970 World Championships in Val Gardena, Italy. He promptly switched circuits and enjoyed a successful pro ski racing career from 1970 to 1972, winning the World Pro Ski Tour World Championships in 1970, becoming the only racer in history to win FIS and Pro titles the same year.

Since 1970, Kidd has enjoyed enduring "Legend" status in the sport, and has remained in the public eye in his job (1970-2024) as Director of Skiing at Steamboat Ski Resort in Colorado.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1970
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1970 were held from 8 to 15 February in Gröden/Val Gardena, Italy.

For the only time, results from a World Championships were included in the World Cup points standings, then in its fourth season. Two seasons earlier, results from the Winter Olympics (concurrent World Championships) were also included in the World Cup standings.

The French team again led with ten medals: three gold, five silver, and two bronze.
Richard Howell (basketball)
Richard Howell (Hebrew: ריצ'רד האוול; born September 26, 1990) is an American-Israeli basketball coach and former professional player who is the current head coach of the Green Hope High School boys varsity basketball team. He played college basketball for the NC State Wolfpack.

NC State Wolfpack men's basketball
The NC State Wolfpack men's basketball team represents North Carolina State University in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. NC State is one of the seven founding members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  Prior to joining the ACC in 1954, the Wolfpack were members of the Southern Conference, where they won seven conference championships. As a member of the ACC, the Wolfpack has won 11 conference championships, as well as two national championships in 1974 and 1983.

Since 1999, the Pack has played most of its home games at Lenovo Center, which is also where the NCAA championship trophies are kept. Prior to 1999, they played at Reynolds Coliseum.