hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baron Arlington
Baron Arlington is a title in the Peerage of England which was created, on 14 March 1665, for Sir Henry Bennet, younger brother of John Bennet, 1st Baron Ossulston. In 1672, he was made Earl of Arlington and Viscount Thetford, and was regranted the title of Baron Arlington, with a special remainder allowing it to pass to both male and female descendants, rather than only heirs male, as was customary with most peerages.  Its territorial designation is the birthplace of its first holder Harlington, London, which was also known as Arlington.

The 11th Baroness Arlington was the last woman to take her seat in the House of Lords under the provisions of the Peerage Act 1963. She became a member of the Lords on 27 May 1999 and remained in the House until 11 November 1999, when the House of Lords Act 1999 took effect.

Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington
Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington (1618 – 28 July 1685) was an English politician and army officer. A supporter of the Royalists during the English Civil War, he joined the royal family in exile before returning to England at the Restoration in 1660. He gained political influence over the following decade and became one of Charles II's key advisors as a member of the Cabal ministry from 1668. He was impeached in 1674. He was a leading figure in the Court faction in the Parliament of England, a grouping which would evolve into the Tories.
Petersburg High School (Texas)
Petersburg High School is a public high school located in Petersburg, Texas (USA), a small farming community in the southern panhandle portion of the state and classified as a 1A school by the UIL. The school is part of the Petersburg Independent School District which encompasses the southeastern corner of Hale County and reaches into portions of Floyd and Crosby counties. In 2015, the school was rated "Improvement Required" by the Texas Education Agency.

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Newfoundland and Labrador Route 407
Route 407, also known as St. Andrew's-Searston Road, is a minor highway on the western portion of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  The route's southern terminus is the Trans-Canada Highway (Route 1) in the community of Tompkins, and its northern terminus is in the community of Millville, at an intersection with Route 406 (Codroy Road).  Along with Route 406, Route 407 allows for an extensive view of the Codroy Valley.

Newfoundland and Labrador Route 1
Route 1 is a highway in the Canada province of Newfoundland and Labrador, and is the easternmost stretch of the Trans-Canada Highway. Route 1 is the primary east–west road on the island of Newfoundland.

The eastern terminus of Route 1 is St. John's.  From there, the highway crosses the island 903 kilometres (561 mi) to Channel-Port aux Basques, its western terminus.

From there, the Trans-Canada Highway is carried across the Cabot Strait by ferry to North Sydney, Nova Scotia.
Keeners, Missouri
Keeners is an unincorporated community in northern Butler County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. U.S. Route 67 passes approximately 1.5 mile to the southeast. The Missouri Pacific Railway passes the west side of the community along the Black River floodplain.

The community lies on the northeast bank of the Black River approximately one-quarter mile south of the Butler-Wayne County line. The community of Keener Cave or Keener in adjacent Wayne County lies just to the northwest on the west side of the river.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
79th (Lowland) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
79th (Lowland) Field Regiment was a Royal Artillery (RA) unit of Britain's part-time Territorial Army (TA) during World War II. It was descended from the 1st Ayrshire and Galloway Artillery Volunteers, first raised in Scotland in 1859. It served in Home Forces for most of the war, undergoing training in mountain warfare and air-portable operations before eventually going into action at sea level in the Battle of the Scheldt. It then took part in the fighting in the Rhineland (Operations Blackcock and Veritable), and then the drive to Bremen. It was reformed in the postwar TA, and continued until 1967.

Operation Blackcock
Operation Blackcock was an operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle, formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard in the Netherlands and Heinsberg in Germany during the fighting on the Western Front in the Second World War. It was conducted by the British Second Army between 13 and 26 January 1945. The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany. The operation was carried out by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie's XII Corps by three divisions: the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Lewis Lyne), the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division (Major-General Ivor Thomas) and the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith). The operation, named after the Scottish male black grouse, is relatively unknown.
S87 Zhengzhou–Yuntaishan Expressway
The Zhengzhou–Yuntaishan Expressway (Chinese: 郑州－云台山高速公路), abbreviated as Zhengyun Expressway (Chinese: 郑云高速) and designated as S87 in Henan's expressway system, is 65.5-kilometre (40.7 mi) long regional expressway in Henan, China. The expressway connects Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province, and the famous scenic area of Yuntai Mountain (Yuntaishan).

Yuntai Mountain (Henan)
The Yuntai Mountain (simplified Chinese: 云台山; traditional Chinese: 雲台山; pinyin: Yúntāi shān) is situated in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, Henan Province of People's Republic of China. The Yuntai Geo Park scenic area is classified as a AAAAA scenic area by the China National Tourism Administration.

On 5 October 2015, a recently opened glass walkway to the mountain cracked two weeks after opening causing the closure of the walkway.
Head shop
A head shop is a store that sells drug-related paraphernalia. Products sold may include hashish pipes, "one hitter" pipes; pipe screens; bongs (also referred to as water pipes); roach clips (used for smoking the end of a marijuana "joint"); vaporizers used for inhaling THC vapor from cannabis; rolling papers; rolling machines; small weighing scales; magazines about cannabis culture, cannabis cultivation, tattooing, and music; and items used for home cultivation of marijuana plants.

Head shops emerged from the hippie counterculture in the late 1960s. At that time, many of them had close ties to the anti-Vietnam War movement as well as groups in the marijuana legalization movement like LeMar, Amorphia, and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.

Roll-your-own cigarette
A roll-your-own (RYO) cigarette, also called a handrolled cigarette, roll-up or rollie, is a cigarette made from loose tobacco (usually a shag cut) and rolling paper. Factory-made cigarettes are called industrial or tailor-made cigarettes. U.S. federal law defines ‘roll-your-own tobacco’ as tobacco that, because of its appearance, type, packaging, or labeling, is suitable for use and likely to be offered to, or purchased by, consumers as tobacco for making cigarettes.
Fuld v. Palestine Liberation Organization
Fuld v. Palestine Liberation Organization, 605 U.S. 1 (2025) is a Supreme Court of the United States case which held that the personal jurisdiction provision of the Promoting Security and Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act of 2019 (PSJVTA) does not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. It was argued on April 1, 2025 and may have a profound impact on personal jurisdiction and foreign policy in the United States.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
BÜKOOP
BÜKOOP (Boğaziçi Mensupları Tüketim Kooperatifi, English: Boğaziçi Members' Consumer Cooperative) is a non-profit consumer cooperative based at Boğaziçi University's North Campus in Istanbul, Turkey. Established in late 2009, the cooperative operates as a volunteer-run intermediary between small-scale agricultural producers and university-affiliated consumers, aiming to provide healthy, chemical-free food at fair prices while supporting traditional farming practices.

Boğaziçi University
Boğaziçi University  is a public research university in Istanbul, Turkey. Its main campus in Bebek is located just west of the Bosphorus, from which the institution takes its name. It is historically linked to Robert College, the first American college founded outside the United States. The university reports that its liberal approach has fostered an interdisciplinary and international research environment, and the peaceful coexistence of different lifestyles and worldviews.
B-11 recoilless rifle
The B-11 recoilless gun, also known as RG-107 (Rückstoßfreies Geschütz) is a Soviet 107 mm (4.2 in) smoothbore recoilless weapon firing fin-stabilized HE and HEAT rounds. It entered Soviet service in 1954. By the 1970s, it was no longer in service, having been replaced by the SPG-9, though as of 2025, it remains in use with other countries.

The B-11 would see use in conflicts in the Sub-Saharan Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia regions.

SPG-9
The SPG-9 Kop'yo (Russian: СПГ-9 Копьё, transliterated: Stankovyi Protivotankovyi Granatomet "Kop'yo" - Easel Anti-tank Grenade Launcher "Spear") is a tripod-mounted man-portable, 73mm caliber recoilless gun developed by the Soviet Union. It fires fin-stabilized, rocket-assisted high explosive (HE) and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) shaped charge projectiles similar to those fired by the 73mm 2A28 Grom low pressure gun of the BMP-1 armored vehicle. It was accepted into service in 1962, replacing the B-10 recoilless rifle.
Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania
In direct response to Pennsylvania Democratic Party v. Boockvar and the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign launched numerous lawsuits contesting the purview of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and the election processes of Pennsylvania. All of these were either dismissed or dropped.

The lawsuits filed after Election day were Bognet et al. v. Boockvar et al. and Donald J. Trump for President v. Boockvar et al.. Donald J. Trump for President v. Boockvar et al. was dismissed without comment by the Supreme Court on February 22, 2021. On April 19, 2021, more than five months after the November 3, 2020 election, the Supreme Court declined to hear the outstanding case brought by former Republican congressional candidate Jim Bognet, dismissing it without comment.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It began in 1684 as the Provincial Court, and casual references to it as the "Supreme Court" of Pennsylvania were made official in 1722 upon its reorganization as an entity separate from the control of the colonial governor. It is the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court.

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania maintains a discretionary docket, meaning that the Court may choose which cases it accepts, with the exception of mandatory death penalty appeals, and certain appeals from the original jurisdiction of the Commonwealth Court. This discretion allows the Court to wield powerful influence on the formation and interpretation of Pennsylvania law.
Cerceris fumipennis
Cerceris fumipennis, the only species of buprestid-hunting Philanthidae occurring in eastern North America, is found throughout the continental United States east of the Rockies: from Texas and Florida north to Maine, Wyoming, and into Canada. The wasps most often nest in open areas of hard-packed sandy soil surrounded by woody habitat suitable for their buprestid beetle prey.

Buprestidae
Buprestidae is a family of beetles known as jewel beetles or metallic wood-boring beetles because of their glossy iridescent colors. Larvae of this family are known as flatheaded borers. The family is among the largest of the beetles, with some 15,500 species known in 775 genera. In addition, almost 100 fossil species have been described.

The larger and more spectacularly colored jewel beetles are highly prized by insect collectors. The elytra of some Buprestidae species have been traditionally used in beetlewing jewellery and decoration in certain countries in Asia, like India, Thailand and Japan.
Hungarian basketball league system
The Hungarian basketball league system, or Hungarian basketball league pyramid is a series of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in the country of Hungary. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and demotion system between competitions at different levels.

League system
A league system is a hierarchy of leagues in a sport. They are often called pyramids, due to their tendency to split into an increasing number of regional divisions further down the system. League systems of some sort are used in many sports in many countries.
Matty Ashurst
Matthew Ashurst (born 1 November 1989) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for Oldham in the RFL Championship.

He has played for St Helens and the Salford Red Devils in the Super League.

Oldham R.L.F.C.
Oldham Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club plays home games at Bower Fold in Stalybridge, and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Oldham have won the League Championship four times, Challenge Cup three times and the Second Division three times.

The clubs traditional home kits are red and white hooped jerseys, navy blue shorts and red socks. They share a local rivalry with Rochdale Hornets, Salford Red Devils and Swinton Lions and cross county rivalries with nearby Huddersfield Giants and Halifax.
Cynodon gibbus
Cynodon gibbus, known as the dogtooth characin, snub-nosed payara, and Agassiz's payara, is a species of freshwater fish in the Cynodontidae family of the order Characiformes. It is a piscivore (fish eater) that occurs in rivers, lakes, and lagoons throughout much of northern South America, including the Amazon River basin. The species is fished by subsistence fishermen, commercial fishermen, and sport fishermen. Mostly silver-gray with a spot behind the gill opening and another at the caudal fin, it has long, sharp teeth and reaches a maximum of 32.2 centimetres (12.7 in) in standard length and 487.66 grams (1.08 lb). The species is abundant in its range. First described by Louis Agassiz in 1829, it is one of three species in the genus Cynodon, alongside C. septenarius and C. meionactis.

Biara
The biara (Rhaphiodon vulpinus), also known at Machete Payara is a South American piscivorous fish in the dogtooth characin family. It belongs to the monotypic genus Rhaphiodon, although some minor differences in morphometrics and colour are known from across its large range. It is found in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Río de la Plata Basins, as well as rivers of the Guianas. It occurs in a wide range of freshwater habitats such as main river channels, flooded forests, lakes and reservoirs. Some populations are migratory.
Magno (wrestler)
Oscar Vasquez (born August 16, 1984) is a Mexican-American professional wrestler better known by the ring name Magno. Magno has wrestled extensively on the North American independent circuit, including appearances for  Ring of Honor (ROH), Chikara, Lucha Libre USA and various National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) Affiliates, as well as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He also worked in WWE's developmental territory NXT under his real name.

Lucha Libre USA
Lucha Libre USA (LLUSA) was an American Lucha Libre promotion owned by Steven Ship. The promotion was most notable for producing the Lucha Libre USA: Masked Warriors television program, which initially aired on the MTV2 broadcast channel and chronicled the rise of Lucha Libre, Mexican-style wrestling, in the United States. The first episode was aired on July 16, 2010. The second season premiered October 1, 2011. On July 11, 2012 the remainder of season two began airing on Hulu with the final episode airing on October 3, 2012.
Chestnut-eared bunting
The chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata), also called grey-headed bunting or grey-hooded bunting, with the latter name also used for grey-necked bunting, is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

The genus name Emberiza is from Old German Embritz, a bunting. The specific fucata is Latin for "painted"  from fucare, "to paint red".

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
2008 Democratic Party (HK) leadership election
The Democratic Party leadership election was held on 14 December 2008 for the 30-member 8th Central Committee of the Democratic Party in Hong Kong, including chairman and two vice-chairman posts. Incumbent Chairman Albert Ho re-elected uncontestedly, while Sin Chung-kai and Emily Lau defeated Andrew Cheng as the two Vice-Chairmen.

Andrew Cheng
Andrew Cheng Kar-foo (Chinese: 鄭家富) (born 28 April 1960 in Hong Kong) is a Hong Kong former politician and solicitor. He is a former Democratic Party member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong representing the New Territories East geographical constituency.
Kawasaki KZ200
The Kawasaki KZ200  was a street motorcycle produced between 1977 and 1984 by Kawasaki.

With 198 cc (12.1 cu in) single-cylinder engine, it was considered one of the biggest engine capacities of mass-production motorcycle in Indonesia in the early 1980s.

Kawasaki Motors
Kawasaki Motors, Ltd. (カワサキモータース株式会社, Kawasaki Mōtāsu Kabushikigaisha) is a Japanese mobility manufacturer that produces motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, utility vehicles, watercraft, outboard motors, and other electric products. It derives its origins from Kawasaki Aircraft Industries, a subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and is rooted in the motorcycle, boat, and engine businesses. In 1953, they began manufacturing engines for motorcycles and have since produced products such as the Mach and Ninja series in motorcycles and the Jet Ski, which has become a generic term for personal watercraft. Until 2021, it was a division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, known as the Kawasaki Aerospace Company (川策重工業汎用機カンパニー) and later the Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine Company (川崎重工業モーターサイクル&エンジンカンパニー). In 2021, it was separated as Kawasaki Motors, Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
Moša Pijade
Moša Pijade (Cyrillic: Мoшa Пијаде, alternate English transliteration Moshe Piade; 3 January 1890 [O.S. 22 December 1889] – 15 March 1957), was a Serbian and Yugoslav painter, journalist, Communist Party politician, World War II participant, and a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito. He was the full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. During the Interwar period in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Pijade was an accomplished painter, but spent almost 15 years in prison because of his communist activity. He took active role in the People's Liberation War and was one of main political leaders of the Partisans. After the WWII and creation of socialist Yugoslavia, he became a prominent politician and was the president of the Federal Parliament from 1954 until his death.

Assembly of Yugoslavia
The legislature of Yugoslavia was known in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as the National Assembly (Narodna skupština), while after World War II in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia the name was changed to Federal Assembly (Serbo-Croatian: Savezna skupština/Савезна скупштина). It functioned from 1920 to 1992 and resided in the building of the House of the National Assembly which subsequently served as the seat of the Assembly of Serbia and Montenegro and since 2006 hosts the National Assembly of Serbia.
Freiwirtschaft
Freiwirtschaft (German for "free economy") is an economic theory and proposal founded by the German-Argentine economist Silvio Gesell in his 1916 book, The Natural Economic Order (German: Die natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung durch Freiland und Freigeld). Some of the basic economic ideas of Freiwirtschaft were also independently published in 1890 by the Hungarian-Austrian economist Theodor Hertzka in his novel Freiland – ein soziales Zukunftsbild (Freeland – A Social Anticipation).

The Natural Economic Order
The Natural Economic Order through Free Land and Free Money (German: Die natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung durch Freiland und Freigeld, NWO) is a 1916 book by economist, entrepreneur, and social reformer Silvio Gesell.
It is a treatise on land reform and monetary reform.
It attempted to provide a solid basis for economic liberalism, in contrast to the 1900s socialist and communist trends of collectivism and planned economy.
The Natural Economic Order is Silvio Gesell's most famous work, and it is mainly known for describing his monetary theory.

The book was published in Bern, Switzerland and Berlin, Germany in 1916.
The book had six editions during Gesell's lifetime.
It was translated into English by Philip Pye in 1929.