hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menger sponge
In mathematics, the Menger sponge (also known as the Menger cube, Menger universal curve, Sierpiński cube, or Sierpiński sponge) is a fractal curve. It is a three-dimensional generalization of the two-dimensional Sierpinski carpet. It was first described by Karl Menger in 1926, in his studies of the concept of topological dimension.

It has similar properties as the Cantor set and the Cantor dust, because the construction requires in both cases the removal of the inner third.

Lebesgue covering dimension
In mathematics, the Lebesgue covering dimension or topological dimension of a topological space is one of several different ways of defining the dimension of the space in a
topologically invariant way.
Kindred Stories
Kindred Stories is a bookstore and community space in Houston, Texas that specializes in contemporary and classic Black literature. Founded as an online bookstore in 2021 by Terri Hamm, its physical location opened in September of the same year in partnership with Project Row Houses in Houston’s historic Third Ward.

Project Row Houses
Project Row Houses is a development in the Third Ward area of Houston, Texas. Project Row Houses includes a group of shotgun houses restored in the 1990s. Eight houses serve as studios for visiting artists. Those houses are art studios for art related to African-American themes. A row behind the art studio houses single mothers.
Poniatowski Bridge
52°14′10″N 21°02′30″E﻿ / ﻿52.23611°N 21.04167°E﻿ / 52.23611; 21.04167

The Poniatowski Bridge (Polish: Most Poniatowskiego) is a bridge in Warsaw, Poland. Originally built between 1904 and 1914, it was damaged in each World War and rebuilt after each. It spans the Vistula River, connecting Warsaw's Powiśle and Praga districts. Its viaduct is an extension of Jerusalem Avenue, a principal Warsaw thoroughfare.

World war
A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for the two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century: World War I (1914–1918) and World War II (1939–1945). Some historians have also characterized other global conflicts as world wars, such as the Cold War and the War on terror.
Ryuji Yamakawa
Seiji Yamakawa (山川 征二, Yamakawa Seiji, born 2 April 1970) is a Japanese retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Ryuji Yamakawa (山川 竜司, Yamakawa Ryūji). He is best known for his time with Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), where he spent the majority of his career between 1995 and 2012 as a deathmatch wrestler. He was one of the top wrestlers and an over main eventer of the company, winning the Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship two times and the Tag Team Championship seven times.

BJW Tag Team Championship
The BJW Tag Team Championship (BJW認定タッグ王座, BJW nintei taggu ōza) is the top tag team title defended in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling. The championship has been the leading tag team championship in the promotion since 1997. There have been a total of 66 reigns shared between 49 different teams consisting of 59 distinctive champions. The current champions are Kazumi Kikuta and Toru Sugiura who are in their first reign as a team.
Single compilation unit
Single compilation unit (SCU) is a computer programming technique for the C and C++ languages, which reduces compilation time for programs spanning multiple files. Specifically, it allows the compiler to keep data from shared header files, definitions and templates, so that it need not recreate them for each file. It is an instance of program optimization, and can be seen as a form of implementing modular programming. The technique can be applied to an entire program or to some subset of source files; when applied to an entire program, it is also known as a unity build.

Optimizing compiler
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage size, and power consumption. Optimization is generally implemented as a sequence of optimizing transformations, a.k.a. compiler optimizations – algorithms that transform code to produce semantically equivalent code optimized for some aspect.

Optimization is limited by a number of factors. Theoretical analysis indicates that some optimization problems are NP-complete, or even undecidable. Also, producing perfectly optimal code is not possible since optimizing for one aspect often degrades performance for another (see: superoptimization). Optimization is a collection of heuristic methods for improving resource usage in typical programs.: 585
Amoha
Amoha (Sanskrit, Pali; Tibetan Wylie: gti mug med pa) is a Buddhist term translated as "non-delusion"  or "non-bewilderment". It is defined as being without delusion concerning what is true, due to discrimination; its function is to cause one to not engage in unwholesome actions.  It is one of the mental factors within the Abhidharma teachings.

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:

What is non-deludedness? It is a thorough comprehension of (practical) knowledge that comes from maturation, instructions, thinking and understanding, and its function is to provide a basis for not becoming involved in evil behavior.

Herbert Guenther states:

It is a distinct discriminatory awareness to counteract the deludedness that has its cause in either what one has been born into or what one has acquired.

Herbert V. Günther
Herbert Vighnāntaka Günther (17 March 1917 – 11 March 2006) was a German Buddhist philosopher and Professor and Head of the Department of Far Eastern Studies at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.  He held this position from the time he left India in 1964.
Collegiate shag
The Collegiate Shag (or "Shag") is a partner dance done primarily to uptempo swing and pre-swing jazz music (185–250+ beats per minute). It belongs to the swing family of American vernacular dances that arose in the 1920s and 30s. It is believed that the dance originated within the African American community of the Carolinas in the 1920s, later spreading across the United States during the 1930s.  The shag is still danced today by swing dance enthusiasts worldwide.

Charleston (dance)
The Charleston is a dance named after the harbor city of Charleston, South Carolina. The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called "The Charleston" by composer/pianist James P. Johnson, which originated in the Broadway show Runnin' Wild and became one of the most popular hits of the decade. Runnin' Wild ran from 28 October 1923 through 28 June 1924. The Charleston dance's peak popularity occurred from mid-1926 to 1927.
Evan Lorne
Major Evan Lorne, USAF is a fictional character in the 2004 Canadian–American Sci-Fi Channel television series Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, two military science fiction shows about military teams exploring the galaxy via a network of alien transportation devices. Played by Kavan Smith, Evan Lorne was first introduced as a recurring character in the seventh season of Stargate SG-1, holding the military rank of Major in the United States Air Force. He joins the Atlantis expedition after "The Siege" as one of the personnel on the Daedalus class battlecruiser.

Lorne was a recurring character in seasons seven and ten in Stargate SG-1 and seasons two through five in Stargate Atlantis. Smith was originally supposed to play another character in Stargate Atlantis, but the producers eventually decided to keep Lorne, since he was popular with the fans according to Smith himself. He appears in a total of 29 episodes.

The Siege (Stargate Atlantis)
"The Siege"  is the season finale for season one and season premiere for season two of the military science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis, and the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first episode of the series overall. The episodes were written by executive producers Joseph Mallozzi and Paul Mullie (part two) and Martin Gero (part one and three), and all three were directed by Martin Wood. The episodes were one of the series strongest in season 1 on Nielsen ratings and part three gathered the strongest rating with "Instinct" in season 2. The episode got strong reviews from major media publishers worldwide.

Part three introduced several cast changes for the season, including the departure of Aiden Ford (Rainbow Sun Francks) and the inclusion of Dr. Carson Beckett (Paul McGillion) and Steven Caldwell (Mitch Pileggi) to the main and recurring cast. "The Siege" is about the Wraith laying a siege on Atlantis and the Atlantis expedition's re-contact with Earth.
Vince Fekete
Vince Fekete (born 9 July 2005) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Nemzeti Bajnokság III club DEAC. He represented Hungary at youth level in a friendly against Uzbekistan U18 in 2022.

Nemzeti Bajnokság III
Nemzeti Bajnokság III (NB III, National Championship III) is the third tier of Hungarian football (from the autumn of 1997 till the spring of 2005, NB III was the fourth tier, the third was NB II). 
The tier contains 4 groups (northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest) of 16 teams. From NB III, the champions of each group will battle promotion play-off, two teams winning play-off are promoted to the NB II. The three lowest teams of each group and two worst 13th place teams are relegated to the first tier of local divisions (MB I). From NB II, the two lowest teams are relegated to NB III from 2024–25 season onwards.
Elco Ltd.
Elco Ltd. is an international conglomerate holding company headquartered in Tel Aviv, Israel. The company was founded in 1949 by Alexander Salkind, and has been managed since its establishment by three generations of the Salkind family. It is the parent company of Electra, Electra Consumer Products, Electra Real Estate, Supergas and others. By 2021 the company's subsidiaries were active in 17 countries, with more than 21,000 employees, and a production site in Israel where it manufactures air conditioning units and electromechanical equipment.

The company is one of the top traded companies on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange and is included in the TA-90 Index of top shares, trading under the ticker symbol ELCO.

TA-125 Index
The TA-125 Index, typically referred to as the Tel Aviv 125 and formerly the TA-100 Index, is a stock market index of the 125 most highly capitalised companies listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). The index began on 1 January 1992 with a base level of 100. The highest value reached to date is 2152.16, in January 2022. On 12 February 2017, the index was expanded to include 125 instead of 100 stocks, in an attempt to improve stability and therefore reduce risk for trackers and encourage foreign investment.
Dominik Paris
Dominik Paris (born 14 April 1989) is an Italian  alpine ski racer, who specializes in speed events of super-G and downhill. He was the world champion in super-G, as the gold medalist in 2019 at Åre, Sweden.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2019
63°24′54″N 13°03′43″E﻿ / ﻿63.415°N 13.062°E﻿ / 63.415; 13.062

The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2019 were held from 4 to 17 February 2019 in Åre, Sweden. The host city was selected at the FIS Congress in Barcelona, Spain, on 5 June 2014. The only other applicant was Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, which later gained the 2021 championships.

Åre previously hosted the world championships in 1954 and 2007, and has held numerous World Cup events.
Ceva (semiconductor company)
Ceva, Inc. is a publicly traded semiconductor and software intellectual property (IP) company listed on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol CEVA. Headquartered in Rockville, Maryland, Ceva develops and licenses signal processing platforms and AI processors for a broad range of smart edge applications. Its licensable technologies include wireless connectivity IPs of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, UWB and 5G, scalable Edge AI NPU IPs and sensor fusion solutions, serving diverse markets such as automotive, consumer IoT, industrial, infrastructure, mobile, and PC.

Ultra-wideband
Ultra-wideband (UWB, ultra wideband, ultra-wide band and ultraband) is a radio technology that can use a very low energy level for short-range, high-bandwidth communications over a large portion of the radio spectrum. UWB has traditional applications in non-cooperative radar imaging. Most recent applications target sensor data collection, precise locating, and tracking. UWB support started to appear in high-end smartphones in 2019. For a detailed list of Ultra-wideband supported mobile devices, see List of UWB-enabled mobile devices.
Step Up (film)
Step Up is a 2006 American teen dance drama film directed by Anne Fletcher and written by Duane Adler and Melissa Rosenberg. The film stars Channing Tatum, Jenna Dewan, Mario Barrett, Drew Sidora, and Rachel Griffiths.

Set in Baltimore, Maryland, the film follows the tale of the disadvantaged Tyler Gage and the privileged modern dancer Nora Clark, who find themselves paired up in a showcase that determines both of their futures. Realizing that they only have one chance, they finally work together.

Step Up was released in the United States on August 11, 2006, by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, but became a box office success, grossing $114 million against a budget of $12 million. It spawned a franchise that includes four sequels and a television series.

Step Up (franchise)
Step Up is an American romantic dance franchise created by Duane Adler. The franchise includes five films, a Chinese spin-off film and a television series. The films have received a generally mixed critical reception, while being a box office success with a collective total of $651 million.
Macromonomer
In polymer chemistry, a macromonomer (or macromer) is a macromolecule with one end-group that enables it to act as a reactive monomer and undergo further polymerization. Macromonomers will contribute a single repeat unit to a chain of the completed macromolecule.

Several macromonomers have been successfully synthesized utilizing various methods such as controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and copper-catalyzed "click" coupling.

Due to the larger size of macromonomers (as opposed to the size of regular monomers), synthetic challenges are brought about, giving reason for the analysis of polymerization mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that macromonomer polymerization kinetics and mechanisms can be significantly affected by the topological effect.

Macromonomers are also used in controlled graft copolymerization.

Monomer
A monomer (/ˈmɒnəmər/ MON-ə-mər; mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or two- or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Barry Miller (politician)
Barry Miller (December 25, 1864 – June 20, 1933) was an American politician who was the 28th lieutenant governor of Texas from 1925 to 1931, serving under governors Miriam A. Ferguson and Dan Moody. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Texas Senate from 1899 to 1903 and the Texas House of Representatives from 1917 to 1923.

Dan Moody
Daniel James Moody Jr. (June 1, 1893 – May 22, 1966), was an American lawyer and conservative Democratic politician. Originally from Taylor, Texas, he served as the 30th governor of Texas between 1927 and 1931. At the age of 33, he was elected. He took office as the youngest governor in Texas history. After his two terms as governor, he returned to private law practice. He continued to prosecute and represent various functions of the US government later in life.
Sugar industry
The sugar industry subsumes the production, processing and marketing of sugars (mostly sucrose and fructose).  In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.

Sugar is used for soft drinks, sweetened beverages, convenience foods, fast food, candy, confectionery, baked products, and other sweetened foods. Sugarcane is used in the distillation of rum. Sugarcane produces several valuable byproducts that play a significant role in supporting economic growth.

Globally in 2018, around 185 million tons of sugar was produced, led by India with 35.9 million tons, followed by Brazil and Thailand. There are more than 123 sugar-producing countries, but only 30% of the produce is traded on the international market.

Candy
Candy, also commonly called sweets, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery, encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate, chewing gum, and sugar candy. Vegetables, fruit, or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied.

Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.
AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc.
AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc., 172 F.3d 1352 (Fed. Cir. 1999) was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the decision of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, which had granted summary judgment to Excel Communications, Inc. and decided that AT&T Corp. had failed to claim statutory subject matter with U.S. Patent No. 5,333,184 (the '184 patent) under 35 U.S.C. § 101. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit remanded the case for further proceedings.

Along with State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group, this case was the most referred case on business method patent with a "useful, concrete and tangible result" test by U.S. courts until Bilski v. Kappos authoritatively overruled it.

United States District Court for the District of Delaware
The United States District Court for the District of Delaware (in case citations, D. Del.) is the Federal district court having jurisdiction over the entire state of Delaware. The Court sits in Wilmington.

Because Delaware is the state of incorporation for most major U.S. corporations, the District of Delaware hears and tries many patent and other complex commercial disputes that must be heard in federal court for diversity of citizenship reasons, and hears many appeals from bankruptcy disputes which are filed with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.

Appeals from the Court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which sits in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

As of December 12, 2025, the United States attorney for the District of Delaware is Benjamin L. Wallace.
Christian Dustmann
Christian Dustmann, FBA, is a German economist who currently serves as Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics of University College London. There, he also works as Director of the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM), which he helped found. Dustmann belongs to the world's foremost labour economists and migration scholars.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
John E. Cunningham
John Edward "Jack" Cunningham III (March 27, 1931 – March 28, 2025) was an American politician from the state of Washington. A member of the Republican Party, he served in both houses of the Washington State Legislature as a member of Washington House of Representatives from 1973 to 1975 and a member of the Washington Senate from 1975 to 1977 representing Washington's 33rd legislative district, and a member of the United States House of Representatives for less than one full term representing Washington's 7th congressional district from 1977 to 1979. He was one of only two Republican U.S. House of Representatives members who represented the state's 7th congressional district.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
PDF.js
PDF.js is a JavaScript library that renders Portable Document Format (PDF) files using the web standards-compliant HTML5 Canvas. The project is led by the Mozilla Corporation after Andreas Gal launched it (initially as an experiment) in 2011.

JavaScript library
A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript code that allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications, especially for AJAX and other web-centric technologies. They can be included in a website by embedding it directly in the HTML via a script tag.
Zingibain
Zingibain, zingipain, or ginger protease (EC 3.4.22.67) is a cysteine protease enzyme found in ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes. It catalyses the preferential cleavage of peptides with a proline residue at the P2 position. It has two distinct forms, ginger protease I (GP-I) and ginger protease II (GP-II).

As a member of the papain-like protease family of cysteine proteases, zingibain shares several structural and functional similarities with more well-studied enzymes such as papain, bromelain, and actinidin. These peptidases contain an active cysteine residue in their centers that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of peptide bonds. Zingibain is noted for its activity as a proteinase and a collagenase.

It was first isolated, purified, and reported in 1973 by Ichikawa et al. at Japan Women's University. Recently, zingibain was found to exist as two isozymes, GP-I and GP-II, which were isolated by chromatography, with molecular weights of approximately 22,500 Da.

Papain
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis). It is the namesake member of the papain-like protease family.

It has wide ranging commercial applications in the leather, cosmetic, textiles, detergents, food and pharmaceutical industries. In the food industry, papain is used as an active ingredient in many commercial  meat tenderizers.