hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamilton Naki
Hamilton Naki (26 June 1926 – 29 May 2005) was a South African laboratory assistant known for his contributions to surgical research and medical training despite having no formal medical training. He worked with cardiac surgeon Christiaan Barnard at the University of Cape Town, where he was involved with organ transplant research on animals and trained medical students in surgical techniques. His contributions to medical science, particularly in an era of racial segregation and apartheid, have been recognized as remarkable.

Following his death, controversy arose regarding false claims in multiple obituaries, including those published by at least five periodicals and the Associated Press, that stated he participated in the world's first human-to-human heart transplantation in 1967. These statements were later retracted due to lack of evidence. The incident has been cited as an example of inadequate fact-checking in journalism, and delayed correction of reporting errors.

Heart transplantation
A heart transplant, or a cardiac transplant, is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure when other medical or surgical treatments have failed. As of 2018, the most common procedure is to take a functioning heart from a recently deceased organ donor (brain death is the most common) and implant it into the patient. The patient's own heart is either removed and replaced with the donor heart (orthotopic procedure) or, much less commonly, the recipient's diseased heart is left in place to support the donor heart (heterotopic, or "piggyback", transplant procedure).

Approximately 5,000 heart transplants are performed each year worldwide, more than half of which are in the US. Post-operative survival periods average 15 years. Heart transplantation is not considered to be a cure for heart disease; rather it is a life-saving treatment intended to improve the quality and duration of life for a recipient.
Himesh Ke Dil Se
Himesh Ke Dil Se is the fifth studio album by Himesh Reshammiya, produced by Reshammiya under the banner Himesh Reshammiya Melodies. It is the third album to be released by Reshammiya in 2021 following Surroor 2021 and Moods with Melodies. This album features mostly emerging singers of India, particularly contestants from Indian Idol 12.

Indian Idol
Indian Idol is an Indian music competition television franchise based on the Pop Idol format. Several iterations of the series have been produced by different companies. The first series premiered in 2004 and there has been 18 seasons to date.
Sikh period in Lahore
The Sikh period in Lahore initiated from the conquest and rule of the Sikh Misls and extended till the Sikh Empire of Ranjit Singh (also known as Punjab, the Sikh Raj, Sarkar Khālsā Rāj, and Sarkar Khalsaji) which ended in 1849. The Sikhs began gaining power following the decline of the Mughal Empire in Punjab and consisted of a collection of autonomous Punjabi Misls, which were governed by Misldars, mainly in the Punjab region.

Sikh Confederacy
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
Asoiva Karpani
Asoiva "Eva" Karpani (born 18 June 1996) is an Australian rugby union footballer who plays for the NSW Waratahs in the Super W. She is an Australian Wallaroos representative and competed at the 2021 Rugby World Cup. She also played for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL Women's Premiership.

NRL Women's Premiership
The NRL Women's Premiership (NRLW) also known as the Telstra NRL Women's Premiership due to sponsorship is a rugby league competition in Australasia for female players. The league is run by the National Rugby League (NRL) and is contested by a subset of clubs from that competition. Currently, the league contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.

The current Premiers are the Brisbane Broncos.
Matilda McNamara
Matilda McNamara (/ˌmæk.nəˈmɑːr.ə/ MAK-nuh-MAR-uh; born 18 December 1998) is an Australian soccer player who plays as a defender for Adelaide United in the A-League Women and for Australia. She has played for AGF in the Danish Women's League.

Australia women's national soccer team
The Australia women's national soccer team is overseen by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Australia, which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006. The team's official nickname is "the Matildas" (from the Australian folk song "Waltzing Matilda"; officially known as the CommBank Matildas for sponsorship reasons); they were known as the "Female Socceroos" before 1995.

Australia is a three-time OFC champion, one-time AFC champion and one-time AFF champion. The team has represented Australia at the FIFA Women's World Cup on eight occasions (once as co-host in 2023) and at the Olympic Games on five, although it has won neither tournament. Their performance in the 2023 World Cup attracted significant nationwide attention and has had an impact on the perception of women's sport in Australia.
Seattle Arctic drilling protests
Protests against Arctic drilling began in Seattle in 2015 in response to the news that the Port of Seattle authority made an agreement with Royal Dutch Shell to berth offshore drillships and semi-submersibles at the Port's Terminal 5 (T5) during the off-season of oil exploration in Alaskan waters of the Arctic. Hundreds of protesters took to Elliott Bay in kayaks, rafts, and other small boats, both as a demonstration and to interrupt docking of Shell's Polar Pioneer semi-submersible drilling vessel at Terminal 5. The waterborne demonstrators were dubbed kayaktivists by social and news media.

On September 27, 2015, Shell announced that their exploration in the summer of 2015 was "disappointing" and that they would abandon further oil exploration in the Arctic "for the foreseeable future".

Drillship
A drillship is a merchant vessel designed for use in exploratory offshore drilling of new oil and gas wells or for scientific drilling purposes. In recent years the vessels have been used in deepwater and ultra-deepwater applications, equipped with the latest and most advanced dynamic positioning systems.
Aortic nerve
The aortic nerve, also known as the aortic depressor nerve, is a branch of the vagus nerve. It supplies autonomic afferent nerve fibers to the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors found in the aortic arch and in the brachiocephalic artery.

Aortic arch
The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch (English:  /eɪˈɔːrtɪk/) is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.
Valery Polyansky
Valery Kuzmich Polyansky (Russian: Валерий Кузьмич Полянский; born April 19, 1949, in Moscow) is a Russian orchestral and choral conductor. He is a professor of the Moscow Conservatory, People's Artist of Russia (1996), artistic director, chief conductor and founder of the State Symphony Capella of Russia.

Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory (Russian: Московская государственная консерватория им. П. И. Чайковского, romanized: Moskovskaya gosudarstvennaya konservatoriya im. P. I. Chaykovskogo) is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. The conservatory offers various degrees including Bachelor of Music Performance, Master of Music and PhD in research.
Bicol Regional Science High School
Bicol Regional Science High School (Filipino: Mataas na Paaralan ng Agham Panrehiyon ng Bicol)
(colloquially BRSHS) is the Regional Science High School for Bicol Region (Region V) in the Philippines. It is located in barangay Tuburan, Ligao City, Albay and was established in June 1994.

Ligao
Ligao, officially the City of Ligao (Central Bikol: Syudad kan Ligao; West Miraya Bikol: Syudad nin Ligao;  Filipino: Lungsod ng Ligao), is a  component city in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 119,779 people. Most of the city's economy came from the agricultural sector.

Ligao is 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Legazpi City and 500 kilometres (310 mi) from Manila.
Jason Vandelannoite
Jason Lee Vandelannoite (born 6 November 1986) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Torhout 1992 KM. He previously played for Club Brugge, Bursaspor, A.F.C. Tubize, Sheffield United, Qormi, Hibernians, Valletta, Universitatea Craiova, KRC Gent-Zeehaven, KFC Sparta Petegem, and St. Andrews.

Valletta F.C.
Valletta F.C. is a professional football club based in Valletta, the capital city of Malta. The club currently competes in the Maltese Premier League. The club was founded in 1943 after a merge of Valletta Prestons, Valletta St. Paul's and Valletta United, the latter being a two-time league winner before the Second World War.

Considered one of the most supported and successful clubs in Maltese football, the club has won 25 league titles, 14 FA Trophies and a record 13 Super Cups. During the 2021–22 season the club was sponsored by Meridianbet.
Kodiyampalayam
Kodiyampalayam (Tamil: [koɖijampaːʎajam], ISO: Koṭiyam-pāḷaiyam), is a continental island surrounded by Mangrove forests, located in Mayiladuthurai district, in Tamil Nadu, India. The island situated at the mouth of Kollidam river, a northern distributary of the Cauvery River. The island is located between the Kollidam river and Bay of Bengal.

Kodiyampalayam is part of the Kollidam block. It falls under the Sirkazhi Legislative Assembly constituency and the Mayiladuthurai parliamentary constituency.

Mayiladuthurai district
Mayiladuthurai district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was formed in 2020 by the division the Nagapattinam district. The district is named after its headquarters, Mayiladuthurai. It is situated in the Cauvery Delta region.
Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (8 April – 28 August 2022)
This timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war covers the period from 8 April 2022, when the area of heavy fighting shifted to the south and east of Ukraine, to 28 August 2022, the day before Ukraine announced the start of its Kherson counteroffensive.

This timeline is a dynamic and fluid list, and as such may never satisfy criteria of completeness. Please note that some events may only be fully understood and/or discovered in retrospect.

Southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
On 24 February 2022, the Russian military invaded Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine  from Russian-occupied Crimea, quickly entering Mykolaiv Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast amid battles with the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Elements from the southern Russian offensive joined forces with elements advancing from the Donbas to jointly surround and bombard the city of Mariupol in Donetsk Oblast, which fell after months of siege.

Kherson was surrounded two days into the war, after which Russian forces advanced to the outskirts of Mykolaiv, which they failed to capture. The front then stabilised until a Ukrainian offensive in August. Ukrainian forces retook all of the territory west and north of the Dnieper river, and the front stabilised again just south of Kherson in November 2022. Kherson, the only oblast capital captured by Russia after its 2022 invasion, was liberated on 11 November.
Wilfried Urbain Elvis Endzanga
Wilfried Urbain Elvis Endzanga (born March 28, 1980, in Brazzaville, Congo) is a Congolese former footballer who played as a striker for Kawkab Marrakech in the GNF 1.

Early in his career, Endzanga played club football for Étoile du Congo, then managed by his father, Henri. He moved abroad, helping Coton Sport FC de Garoua win its fourth Elite One title in 2003. Endzanga joined JS Kabylie in the winter 2003 transfer window, and helped the club win the 2003–04 Algerian Championnat National.

As his father Henri did, Endzanga played for Republic of the Congo national football team.

Coton Sport FC de Garoua
Coton Sport Football Club de Garoua, or simply Coton Sport, is a Cameroonian professional football club based in Garoua. They play their home games at the Stade Omnisport de Garoua, commonly known as the Roumde Adjia Stadium. The club is chaired by Sadou Fernand. The first team plays in MTN Elite One (Cameroonian first division) (since 1993) and competes in 2012 in the CAF Champions League. The club has the largest budget of a Cameroonian club (500 million CFA francs).

It has won sixteen Cameroon championships and six Cameroon cups. In addition, in continental competitions, the club reached the final of the CAF Cup in 2003 and the CAF Champions League in 2008 and the semi-finals of the same competition in 2013.
Roustabout (film)
Roustabout is a 1964 American musical feature film starring Elvis Presley as a singer who takes a job working with a struggling carnival. The film was produced by Hal Wallis and directed by John Rich from a screenplay by Anthony Lawrence and Allan Weiss. The screenplay was nominated for a Writers Guild of America award for best written American musical. The New York Times noted that Elvis was "perfectly cast" although Roustabout received a lukewarm review in Variety. The film's soundtrack album was one of Elvis Presley's most successful, reaching no. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart. Quentin Tarantino called Roustabout one of Presley's most entertaining films and said that it had the best soundtrack of all of Presley's color films. It was filmed in Techniscope at Paramount Studios, with carnival and road rage sequences shot in Thousand Oaks, California. Filming began in March 1964.

Writers Guild of America
The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the name of two American labor unions representing writers in film, television, radio, and online media:

The Writers Guild of America East (WGAE) is headquartered in New York City and is affiliated with the AFL-CIO national trade union center

The Writers Guild of America West (WGAW) is headquartered in Los Angeles and is unaffiliated with any larger national trade union.

Although both organizations operate independently, they perform some common activities, including negotiating contracts and launching strike actions, as well as maintaining the American database of writing credits, and arbitrating between writers when conflicts arise.
Anil Mandal
Anil Kumar Mandal (Nepali: अनिल कुमार मन्डल) (born 5 February 1991) is a Nepalese cricketer. Mandal is a right-handed opening batsman. He made his debut for Nepal against USA in February 2010.

Anil Mandal became the fifth Nepalese cricketer to score an international century, when he slammed 113 off 134 balls against Denmark during the 2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Four in September 2012. He is the only Nepalese player to score two centuries for Nepal in international cricket. He achieved this feat after scoring a century in the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship's match against Scotland on 29 July 2015.

He represents the Nepal Army Club of the National League, Sagarmatha Legends of the Nepal Premier League and Pentagon International College, which plays in the SPA Cup.

2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Four
The 2012 ICC World Cricket League Division Four was a cricket tournament which took place from 3 to 10 September 2012 in Malaysia. It formed part of the ICC World Cricket League and qualifying for the 2015 World Cup.
Thomas Dick (politician)
Thomas Dick (13 August 1823 – 5 February 1900) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. Originally a merchant, he worked in London and then represented his firm on Saint Helena for seven years. From there, he was sent to Dunedin as the company's representative; he emigrated with an extended family. He soon became involved in politics and was Superintendent of Otago Province from 1865 until 1867. Over a period of 24 years, he represented various Dunedin electorates in Parliament and was Colonial Secretary (1880–1884), Minister of Justice from 1881 to 1882, and Minister of Education from 1881 to 1884. A deeply religious man, he was involved in many church affairs. He was one of the founders of Hanover Street Baptist Church; the building is now classified as Category I by Heritage New Zealand.

Otago Province
The Otago Province was a province of New Zealand until the abolition of provincial government in 1876.
The capital of the province was Dunedin. Southland Province split from Otago in 1861, but became part of the province again in 1870.
William Posey Silva
William Posey Silva (1859–1948) was an early 20th century American painter noted for atmospheric landscapes painted in a lyrical impressionist style. His work is associated with the Charleston Renaissance and with the art colony in Carmel, California, where he lived for thirty-six years.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.
Fuji T-3
The Fuji T-3 is a primary military trainer aircraft used by the Japan Air Self Defense Force, manufactured by Fuji Heavy Industries. Its first flight was in 1978. In the course of its service life, 50 units were produced. It has been replaced by the Fuji T-7.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Association for the Sociology of Religion
The Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASR) is an academic association with more than 700 members worldwide. It publishes a journal, Sociology of Religion, and holds meetings at the same venues and times as the American Sociological Association.

American Sociological Association
The American Sociological Association (ASA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the discipline and profession of sociology. Founded in December 1905 as the American Sociological Society at Johns Hopkins University by a group of fifty people, the first president of the association was Lester Frank Ward. Today, most of its members work in academia, while around 20 percent of them work in government, business, or non-profit organizations.

ASA publishes ten academic journals and magazines, along with four section journals, including the American Sociological Review and Contexts.

The ASA had 9,893 members in 2023, as an association of sociologists even larger than the International Sociological Association. It is composed of researchers, students, college/university faculty, high school faculty, and various practitioners The "American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" is an annual academic conference held by the association consisting of over 4,000 participants.
Linda Fabiani
Linda Fabiani (born 14 December 1956) HonFRIAS OSSI FCIH is a Scottish politician who served as a Deputy Presiding Officer in the Scottish Parliament from 2016 to 2021. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the East Kilbride constituency from 2011 until her retirement in 2021. She was previously a regional member of the Scottish Parliament for the Central Scotland region from 1999 until 2011.

Chartered Institute of Housing
The Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH) is the professional body for those working in the housing profession in the United Kingdom. It has a royal charter, gained in 1984. Currently CIH has over 17,000 members, mostly in the UK but also overseas, notably in Hong Kong. CIH's current Chief Executive is Gavin Smart.
Percy Amoils
Selig Percy Amoils OMS FRCS, born 1933, is a South African ophthalmologist and biomedical engineering inventor. In 1965, Amoils refined the cryoextraction method of cataract surgery by developing a cryoprobe that was cooled through the Joule-Thomson effect of gas expansion. His system is still widely used in the fields of ophthalmology and gynaecology.

Amoils was also awarded a patent for his "rotary epithelial scrubber", an improvement on the brush first developed by Ioannis Pallikaris that removes corneal epithelial cells in preparation for photorefractive keratectomy. 
Another development of his in 1970, was the diamond vitrectomy cutter, various instruments enabling micro-control of blade depth in radial keratotomy, as well as the oval comparator, or astigmometer, to control astigmatism after cataract surgery.

Order of Mapungubwe
The Order of Mapungubwe is a South African civilian honour awarded by the President of South Africa. It recognises South African citizens whose achievements have international impact and serve the interests of South Africa. It is South Africa's highest honour.

The order is named after the ancient civilisation of Mapungubwe, which was located in modern-day South Africa. It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and its first recipient (in the highest class) was former president Nelson Mandela.
Charles Udwar Ukech
Charles Udwar Ukech is a South Sudanese politician who serves as the Speaker of the Eastern Equatoria State Transitional Legislative Assembly. He was appointed in April 2024 following a presidential decree and has since played an active role in regional governance, conflict resolution, and community peace initiatives.

Eastern Equatoria
Eastern Equatoria is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 73,472 km2. The capital city is Torit. On October 1, 1972, the state was divided into Imatong and Namorunyang states and was re-established by a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

Louis Lobong Lojore is the current governor of Eastern Equatoria.