hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oberlin, Ohio
Oberlin (/ˈoʊbərlɪn/) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located about 31 miles (50 km) southwest of Cleveland within the Cleveland metropolitan area. The population was 8,555 at the 2020 census. Oberlin is the home of Oberlin College, a liberal arts college and music conservatory with approximately 3,000 students.

The town is the birthplace of the Anti-Saloon League and the Hall–Héroult process, the process of reducing aluminum from its fluoride salts by electrolysis, which made industrial production of aluminum possible.

Hall–Héroult process
The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell. The process, conducted at an industrial scale, happens at 940–980 °C (1700–1800 °F) and produces aluminium with a purity of 99.5–99.8%. Recycling aluminum, which does not require electrolysis, is thus not treated using this method.

The Hall–Héroult process consumes substantial electrical energy, and its electrolysis stage can produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide if the electricity is generated from high-emission sources. Furthermore, the process generates fluorocarbon compounds as byproducts, contributing to both air pollution and climate change.
Thabang Makwetla
Thabang Sampson Makwetla (/məˈkwɛtlə/, born 18 May 1957) is a South African politician who was the third Premier of Mpumalanga between 2004 and 2009. A member of the African National Congress (ANC), he went on to serve as a deputy minister in the South African government from 2009 to 2024; he was the Deputy Minister of Defence and Military Veterans from 2019 to 2024 and earlier from 2009 to 2014, and in the interim he was Deputy Minister of Justice and Correctional Services from 2014 to 2019.

Minister of Defence and Military Veterans
The minister of defence and military veterans (formerly the minister of defence) is a minister in the Government of South Africa, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Defence, the Department of Military Veterans and the South African National Defence Force.
Blaise Diagne
Blaise Diagne (French pronunciation: [blɛz djaɲ]; 13 October 1872 – 11 May 1934) was a French Senegalese politician who was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1914 to 1934, representing the Four Communes of French Senegal. He was the first person of full West African descent to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies and the first to hold a position in the French government.

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
Edward Lea
Edward Lea (January 31, 1837 – January 1, 1863) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Galveston and died in the arms of his father, who was on the opposing side in the conflict.

Battle of Galveston
The Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of the American Civil War, when Confederate forces under Major Gen. John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas on January 1, 1863.

After the loss of the cutter Harriet Lane, the Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw blew up the stranded vessel USS Westfield to save it from falling into enemy hands. Union troops on shore thought the fleet was surrendering, and laid down their arms.
The battle is sometimes called the Second Battle of Galveston, as the Battle of Galveston Harbor (October 1862) is sometimes called the First Battle of Galveston.
Vorau Abbey
Vorau Abbey (German: Stift Vorau) is an abbey of the Austrian Congregation of Canons Regular located in Vorau, Styria, Austria. Founded in 1163, it contains an ornate Viennese High Baroque collegiate church and library that date to the 18th century.

Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.
Benjamin Kigen
Benjamin Kigen (born July 5, 1993) is a Kenyan athlete who competes primarily in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He won the bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Kigen took gold at the 2019 All-Africa Games.

He is from Baringo County, Kenya and trains with Amos Kirui under coach Isaac Rono.

Kigen won the 3000 m steeplechase at the 2018 Prefontaine Classic, beating 2017 world champion Conseslus Kipruto and 2016 Olympic silver medalist Evan Jager with a 57.89 second last lap.

He qualified to represent Kenya at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, where he won the bronze medal in his specialist event with a time of 8:11.45, behind Soufiane El Bakkali (8:08.90) and Lamecha Girma (8:10.38).

His personal best is 8:05.12 (Monaco 2019).

Prefontaine Classic
The Prefontaine Classic is a track and field meet held at Hayward Field on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Organized by the Oregon Track Club, it was previously one of the IAAF Grand Prix events, and is now part of the Diamond League. The meet is one of the few international competitions to host the imperial distances of the Mile run (Bowerman Mile) and 2 Mile run.
Trey Quinn
David Lee "Trey" Quinn III (born December 7, 1995) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the LSU Tigers and SMU Mustangs. Quinn was selected by the Washington Redskins with the final pick of the 2018 NFL draft, making him that year's Mr. Irrelevant. He was also a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars, Las Vegas Raiders, Denver Broncos, Michigan Panthers, and Detroit Lions.

LSU Tigers football
The LSU Tigers football program, also known as the Fighting Tigers, represents Louisiana State University in college football. The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

LSU ranks 16th best in winning percentage in NCAA Division I FBS history and claims four national championships (1958, 2003, 2007, and 2019), 16 conference championships, and over 40 consensus All-Americans. Three players for the Tigers have won the Heisman Trophy: Billy Cannon (1959), Joe Burrow (2019), and Jayden Daniels (2023).

The team plays on the university's campus at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Lane Kiffin.
Battle of Godey
The Battle of Godey was a major early engagement in the Ogaden War (1977–1978), in which forces of the Somali Democratic Republic, in coordination with the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF), captured the southeastern town of Godey from Ethiopia, between 24 and 25 July 1977. The assault was led by  by Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro of Somalia’s 60th Division. The battle was one of the most decisive initial victories for the Somalia in the war.

Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الديمقراطية; Italian: Repubblica Democratica Somala) was a communist state in Somalia, one of only two in the Arab world (together with South Yemen), that existed from 1969 to 1991.

Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a coup d'état led by Major General Siad Barre and the Somali military. The coup took place six days after the assassination of Abdirashid Shermarke, the second President of the Somali Republic. Barre's administration and the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party governed Somalia for the next 21 years until the rise of Ethiopian-backed Somali rebel groups, which ultimately led to the government's collapse and the onset of civil war in 1991.
Krzysztof Śmiszek
Krzysztof Jan Śmiszek (born 25 August 1979 in Stalowa Wola) is a Polish lawyer, politician, human rights and minority rights activist, and Doctor of Legal Sciences. He is a co-founder and former chair of the Polish Society of Anti-Discrimination Law, a member of the Sejm 9th and 10th terms (2019–2024), vice-chair of the New Left, Deputy Minister of Justice from 2023 to 2024, and a Member of the European Parliament for the 10th term (since 2024).

New Left (Poland)
The New Left (Polish: Nowa Lewica, Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔva lɛˈvi.t͡sa]; NL) is a social-democratic political party in Poland. It is positioned on the centre, centre-left or left-wing of the political spectrum. Its leader is Włodzimierz Czarzasty.

It was formed in 2021 as a merger of the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and Spring, although the plans for the merger began in 2019. It is a part of The Left coalition. It holds pro-European views.
Karin Legemate
Katarina Johanna Agatha Legemate is a Dutch former football midfielder. Throughout her career she played for Ter Leede in the pre-2007 Hoofdklasse and ADO Den Haag and AZ in the Eredivisie. She retired in 2011 following AZ's disbandment.

She was a member of the Dutch national team and played 22 matches between her debut on 5 February 2006 against Finland and her last match on 8 August 2009 against Poland.

Eredivisie (women)
The Vrouwen Eredivisie (pronounced [ˈvrɑu̯ən ˈeːrədiˌvizi]; Dutch for "Women's Honour Division"; known as the Eredivisie Vrouwen before 2020), also known as the Eurojackpot Vrouwen Eredivisie due to a sponsorship contract, is the highest women's football league in the Netherlands. Organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), it was established in 2007 as a professional league and played for five seasons until 2012, when the Netherlands and Belgium merged their leagues into a single combined league, the BeNe League. After three seasons, the BeNe League folded, and the Eredivisie restarted in the 2015–16 season. The top two Eredivisie teams each year qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League. The third place team qualifies for the UEFA Women's Europa Cup.
Julien Gabory
Julien Gabory (30 November 1880 — 20th century) was a French professional road cyclist.

He competed between 1901 and 1919 and was professional between 1904 and 1911. He is most known for finishing ninth overall in the 1905 Tour de France.

1905 Tour de France
The 1905 Tour de France was the third edition of the Tour de France, held from 9 to 30 July, organised by the newspaper L'Auto. Following the disqualifications after the 1904 Tour de France, there were changes in the rules, the most important one being the general classification not made by time but by points. The race saw the introduction of mountains in the Tour de France, and René Pottier excelled in the first mountain, although he could not finish the race.
Due in part to some of the rule changes, the 1905 Tour de France had less cheating and sabotage than in previous years, though they were not eliminated. It was won by Louis Trousselier, who also won four of the eleven stages.
Taekwondo at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 59 kg
The women's featherweight (−59 kilograms) event at the 2002 Asian Games took place on Sunday 13 October 2002 at Gudeok Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea.

A total of ten competitors from ten different countries (NOCs) competed in this event, limited to fighters whose body weight was less than 59 kilograms.

Yun Sung-hee of South Korea won the gold medal after beating Tseng Pei-hua of Chinese Taipei in gold medal match 4–1, The bronze medal was shared by Chinese Wang Shuo and Vietnamese Lê Thị Nhung. Athletes from Iran, Bhutan, India and Kazakhstan lost in quarterfinal and they all finished fifth.

The silver medalist Tseng Pei-hua later changed her name to Tseng Li-cheng.

Tseng Li-cheng
Tseng Li-cheng (Chinese: 曾櫟騁; pinyin: Zēng Lìchěng; old name: Tseng Pei-hua, Chinese: 曾珮華; born 26 December 1986) is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner of aboriginal origin (tribe: Amis). At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won the bronze medal in the Taekwondo Women's 57 kg.
Wilma Shakespear
Wilma Joyce Shakespear AM (born 4 March 1943), previously  known as Wilma Ritchie, is a former Australia netball international, Australia head coach and sports administrator. As a player, she represented Australia at the 1963 World Netball Championships, winning a gold medal. Shakespear coached Australia at the 1971, 1979 and 1987 World Netball Championships and at the 1989 World Games. Shakespear also served as head netball coach at the Australian Institute of Sport. Shakespear is married to Peter Shakespear, a former Australian rower.

In the 1992 Australia Day Honours, Shakespear was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) "for service to sports, particularly netball." As a sports administrator she was the founding director of both the Queensland Academy of Sport and the English Institute of Sport. In 2010 she was inducted into the Australian Netball Hall of Fame.

Netball at the 1989 World Games
The Netball tournament at the 1989 World Games was played in Karlsruhe, Germany between 24 and 27 July. It featured  Australia, the Cook Islands, England, Fiji, New Zealand and Scotland. With a team coached by Lyn Parker and captained by Waimarama Taumaunu, New Zealand won the tournament, winning all five matches they played.
Hillsong Worship
Hillsong Worship (formerly Hillsong Live) is a praise and worship collective from Sydney, Australia. They started making music in 1983 at Hillsong Church. Fifteen of their songs have appeared on the Billboard magazine charts in the US, with "What a Beautiful Name" (2016) representing their greatest success, reaching platinum in the US. The band's notable members include Darlene Zschech, Marty Sampson, Brooke Fraser, Reuben Morgan, and Joel Houston.

Darlene Zschech
Darlene Joyce Zschech (/dɑːrˈliːn ˈtʃɛk/; née Steinhardt; 8 September 1965) is an Australian Pentecostal Christian worship leader and singer who primarily writes praise and worship songs. Described as a pioneer of the modern worship movement, she is the former worship pastor of Hillsong Church.  Zschech is currently a contributing songwriter with CompassionArt, a charity founded by Christian songwriter Martin Smith.  Along with her husband, Zschech is the lead pastor of Hope Unlimited Church in New South Wales.
Pieter Litjens
Pieter Jan Marie Litjens (born 17 May 1968) is a Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He is an Alderman in Amsterdam since 18 June 2014.

Litjens previously served as an Alderman for the Amsterdam borough Zuidoost from April 2002 until August 2006. He was selected as the Mayor of Aalsmeer serving from 15 August 2007 until 20 September 2012 when he was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands after the Dutch general election of 2012. After the Dutch municipal elections of 2014 he became an Alderman in Amsterdam on 18 June 2014.

Amsterdam-Zuidoost
Amsterdam-Zuidoost (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstərdɑmˈzœyt.oːst]; "Amsterdam-Southeast") is a borough (stadsdeel) of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It consists of four residential neighborhoods—Bijlmermeer, Venserpolder, Gaasperdam and Driemond—as well as the Amstel III/Bullewijk Business Park and the Amsterdam Arena entertainment and shopping district.

Geographically, Amsterdam-Zuidoost is an exclave of Amsterdam as it does not border any of the other boroughs. As of 2013, Amsterdam-Zuidoost had almost 84,000 inhabitants.
40th Separate Guards Naval Infantry Brigade
The 40th Separate Guards Krasnodarsko-Kharbinsky Twice Red Banner Naval Infantry Brigade is a brigade of the Russian Marines. It is based in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy in the Russian Far East and has the Military Unit Number (в/ч) 10103. It is part of the North-East Group of Troops and Forces, a joint command directed by the headquarters of the Navy's Kamchatka Flotilla.

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russian: Петропавловск-Камчатский, IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈpavləfsk kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj] ⓘ) is  a port city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It is located in the Far East of the country and lies along the coast of Avacha Bay by the Pacific Ocean, nearby Khalaktyrskoye Lake. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 164,900.

The city is widely known simply as Petropavlovsk (literally "city of Peter and Paul"). The adjective Kamchatsky ("Kamchatkan") was added to the official name in 1924.
Ros Gleadow
Roslyn M. Gleadow FAA (born Roslyn Hare 1955) is an Australian plant scientist, who leads the Plant Ecophysiological and Cyanogenesis Groups at Monash University, and was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2024. Gleadow is Emerita Professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Monash University. She is also Honorary Professor The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland and a Visiting Fellow, Institute for Climate, Energy & Disaster Solutions Australian National University.

Ecophysiology
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.  It is closely related to comparative physiology and evolutionary physiology. Ernst Haeckel's coinage bionomy is sometimes employed as a synonym.
Merlin (bird)
The merlin (Falco columbarius) is a small species of falcon from the Northern Hemisphere, with numerous subspecies throughout North America and Eurasia. A bird of prey, the merlin breeds in the northern Holarctic; some migrate to subtropical and northern tropical regions in winter.  Males typically have wingspans of 53–58 centimetres (21–23 in), with females being slightly larger. They are swift fliers and skilled hunters which specialize in preying on small birds in the size range of sparrows to doves and medium-sized shorebirds. In recent decades merlin populations in North America have been significantly increasing, with some merlins becoming so well adapted to city life that they forgo migration; in Europe, populations increased up to about 2000 but have been steady subsequently. The merlin has for centuries been well regarded as a falconry bird.

Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are groups of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name which is also used for a particular genus of the family Passer. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows of the family Passerellidae and from a few other birds such as the Java sparrow of the family Estrildidae sharing their name. Many species nest on buildings and the house and Eurasian tree sparrows, in particular, inhabit cities in large numbers. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects. Some species scavenge for food around cities and  like pigeons or gulls, will eat small quantities of a diversity of items.
The Scorpion King (1992 film)
The Scorpion King (released in Hong Kong as Operation Scorpio) (Chinese: 羯子戰士) is a 1992 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by David Lai, and produced by Sammo Hung. The film stars Chin Kar-lok, Lau Kar-leung and Kim Won-jin. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 12 November 1992.

Lau Kar-leung
Lau Kar-leung (traditional Chinese: 劉家良; simplified Chinese: 刘家良; Jyutping: Lau4 gaa1-loeng4; pinyin: Liú Jiāliáng; 28 July 1934 – 25 June 2013) was a Hong Kong martial artist, filmmaker, fight choreographer and actor. He is best known for the films he made in the 1970s and 1980s for the Shaw Brothers Studio, notably those starring Gordon Liu. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of martial arts cinema.

In many of his best-known films, Lau was credited as Liu Chia-liang, the Mandarin spelling of his name. He was part of a lineage of Hung Ga practitioners originating from Wong Fei-hung.
College literary societies
College literary societies in American higher education are a particular kind of social organization, distinct from literary societies generally, and they were often the precursors of college fraternities and sororities. In the period from the late 18th century to the Civil War, collegiate literary societies were an important part of campus social life. These societies are often called Latin literary societies because they typically have compound Latinate names.

American Whig–Cliosophic Society
The American Whig–Cliosophic Society, sometimes abbreviated as Whig-Clio, is a political, literary, and debating society at Princeton University and the oldest debate union in the United States. Its precursors, the American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society, were founded at Princeton in 1769 and 1765.

The Society frequently hosts events open to all Princeton students, as well as to faculty and community members. These include the Society's monthly Senate Debates on topics related to national or campus policy, lectures, discussion dinners with guest speakers, and social events. The Society also oversees four subsidiary groups: the International Relations Council (IRC), Princeton's Model Congress (PMC), Princeton Debate Panel (PDP), and Princeton Mock Trial (PMT).

The two original societies continue as "houses" within the larger American Whig–Cliosophic Society, with Whig considered the more liberal house and Clio the more conservative.
Cha Jun-hwan
Cha Jun-hwan (Korean: 차준환; born October 21, 2001) is a South Korean figure skater. He is the 2023 World silver medalist, a four-time the Four Continents medalist (gold in 2022, silver in 2025 and 2026, and bronze in 2024), the 2018–2019 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a six-time Grand Prix medalist (6 bronze), a five-time ISU Challenger Series medalist (2 gold and 3 silver), the 2025 Asian Winter Games champion, the 2025 World University Games bronze medalist, as well as a ten-time consecutive South Korean national champion (2017–2026). He represented South Korea at the 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics. At the junior level, Cha is the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist and a two-time Junior Grand Prix gold medalist.

Cha is the first South Korean man to win and to medal at the Four Continents Championships and the Asian Winter Games, as well as the first to medal at the World Championships, Grand Prix Final, Junior Grand Prix Final, and any senior Grand Prix event.

2025 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2025 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships took place from February 19 to February 23, 2025, at the Mokdong Ice Rink in Seoul, South Korea. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.

The competition was awarded to South Korea in January 2023 and was originally scheduled from February 4–9. In April 2024, it was rescheduled to February 18–23.