hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anil Kumar Das
Anil Kumar Das FRAS, FNI (1 February 1902 - 18 February 1961) was an Indian scientist, astronomer. During the International Geophysical Year,  observatories in Madrid, India, and Manila were responsible for monitoring solar effects. The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in South India performed this monitoring using their recently built solar tunnel telescope. Das was the director of the Kodaikanal observatory at this time. In 1960 he was responsible for installing a tower/tunnel telescope at the facility that would be used to perform some of the first helioseismology investigations. The crater Das on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Gottlieb von Koch
Gottlieb Karl David von Koch (15 October 1849 – 21 November 1914) was a zoologist, painter, sculptor, and museum curator. He served as a professor of zoology at the technical school in Darmstadt. He published on octocorals and the species Eunicella kochi was named after him. He was involved in the construction of the Hessische Landesmuseum building opened in 1906 and was the scientific designer of Darmstadt's zoological dioramas. He is also known for his work on the Jung-Koch-Quentell Wall Charts.

Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD) is a large multidisciplinary museum in Darmstadt, Germany. The museum exhibits Rembrandt, Beuys, a primeval horse and a mastodon under the slogan "The whole world under one roof". As one of the oldest public museums in Germany, it has c. 80,000 visitors every year and a collection size of 1.35 million objects. Since 2019, Martin Faass has been director of the museum. It is one of the three Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums in Kassel and Wiesbaden. Similar institutions in Europe are the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz and the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
George Kawaguchi
Joji "George" Kawaguchi (川口譲二) (June 15, 1927, Fukakusa, Kyoto - November 1, 2003, Tokyo) was a Japanese jazz drummer and bandleader.

Kawaguchi was raised in Dairen, Manchukuo, at that time a Japanese-occupied territory. He played in his father's ensemble as a teenager, and after World War II moved back to Japan, where he embarked on a career in jazz. He played first with an ensemble called the Azumanians, then joined the Big Four with Hidehiko Matsumoto, Hachidai Nakamura, and Mitsuru Ono; this ensemble played intermittently into the 1980s. He played extensively with Art Blakey on tour in the 1980s. He recorded extensively as a leader; his sidemen included Isao Suzuki, Motohiko Hino, Takeshi Inomata, Donald Harrison, Terence Blanchard, Norio Maeda, Tatsuya Takahashi, and Nobuo Hara.

On July 22, 1966, he played with the John Coltrane quintet in Tokyo while the group was touring Japan.

Nobuo Hara
Nobuo Tsukahara, better known as Nobuo Hara (November 19, 1926–June 21, 2021) was a Japanese jazz saxophonist and bandleader.

Hara was born in Toyama. He played in a military band during World War II and in a Tokyo officers' club after the war. He took leadership of the ensemble Sharps and Flats in 1952, which he would lead until the 1980s. This band recorded copiously and appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival. Sharps and Flats accompanied Chiemi Eri and included sidemen such as Masato Honda, Norio Maeda, Shotaro Moriyasu, and Akitoshi Igarashi.

Hara died of pneumonia on June 21, 2021, in Tokyo.
Soviet destroyer Smely (1939)
Smely (Russian: Смелый, lit. 'Valiant') was one of 18 Storozhevoy-class destroyers (officially known as Project 7U) built for the Soviet Navy during the late 1930s. Although she began construction as a Project 7 Gnevny-class destroyer, Smely was completed in 1941 to the modified Project 7U design.

Serving with the Baltic Fleet, she served as an escort after the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) in June 1941. While covering minelaying operations in the Irbe Strait, she was mined on 27 July. After the failure of attempts to save her, Smely was sunk by a torpedo from an accompanying motor torpedo boat.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Colorado State Highway 66
State Highway 66 (SH 66) is a 22.7 mi (36.5 km) long east-west state highway in Boulder and Weld counties in Colorado. The highway extends from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at a junction with U.S. Route 36 (US 36) and SH 7 southeast of Lyons, proceeding east through the northern edge of Longmont, to Platteville where it ends at US 85. Although a number of western states retain their "state highway 66" as the decommissioned US 66, the "Mother Road" did not run through Colorado, and SH 66 has no connection to the famed Historic Route 66.

U.S. Route 85 in Colorado
U.S. Route 85 (US 85) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that travels from the Mexican border in El Paso, Texas, north to the Canadian border in Fortuna, North Dakota. In the state of Colorado, US 85 begins at the New Mexico state line south of Starkville and ends at the Wyoming state line south of Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Ken Steacy
Ken Steacy (born January 8, 1955) is a Canadian comics artist and writer best known for his work on the NOW Comics comic book series of Astro Boy and of the Comico comic series of Jonny Quest, as well as his graphic novel collaborations with Harlan Ellison (Night and the Enemy, 1987) and Dean Motter (The Sacred and the Profane, 1987). Steacy was a member of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets 386 Comox Squadron.

The Original Astro Boy
The Original Astro Boy is a twenty-issue 1980s comic book series (with one Astro Boy short story in Speed Racer #17) by NOW Comics, based on the original Japanese Mighty Atom series by Osamu Tezuka. The series was based mostly on the 1963 Astro Boy anime series, but began to include elements from the 1980 series in later issues. The comic went through three writers and artists, and embellished the original plotline, despite only covering the first episode of the 1963 series.
New wars
New wars is a term advanced by British academic Mary Kaldor to characterize warfare in the post-Cold War era. This form of warfare is characterized by:

violence between varying combinations of state and non-state networks

fighting in the name of identity politics as opposed to ideology

attempts to achieve political, rather than physical, control of the population through fear and terror

conflict financed not necessarily through the state, but through other predatory means that seek the continuation of violence

Other terms used for the concept include "wars among the people", "wars of the third kind", "hybrid wars", "privatized wars", and "post-modern wars". The new wars thesis has been adopted and adapted by other authors, as well as critiqued from various perspectives.

Hybrid warfare
Hybrid warfare was defined by Frank Hoffman in 2007 as the emerging simultaneous use of multiple types of warfare by flexible and sophisticated adversaries who understand that successful conflict requires a variety of forms designed to fit the goals at the time. While there is no clear, accepted definition, methods include political warfare and blend conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare, regime change, and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution. The concept of hybrid warfare has been criticized by a number of academics and practitioners, who say that it is vague and has disputed constitutive elements and  historical distortions.
Walter Sherman Gifford
Walter Sherman Gifford (January 10, 1885 – May 7, 1966) was an American businessman best known as the president of the AT&T Corporation from 1925 to 1948. He later served as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1953.

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
South Carolina v. North Carolina
South Carolina v. North Carolina, 558 U.S. 256 (2010), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States settled a dispute between the states of South Carolina and North Carolina regarding which parties may intervene in litigation between two states over water rights. By a 5–4 vote, the Court held that an interstate water authority and the Duke Energy Corporation could intervene, while ruling unanimously that the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, could not.

Duke Energy
Duke Energy Corporation is an American electric power and natural gas holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company serves over 7 million customers in the eastern United States. In 2024 it ranked as the 141st largest company in the United States – its highest-ever placement on the Fortune 500 list.
Forever Flows
Nirontor (in English as Forever Flows) is a 2006 Bangladeshi drama film directed by Abu Sayeed. It stars Shabnoor, Ilias Kanchan, Jayanta Chattopadhyay, Dolly Johur, Litu Anam, and Amirul Haq Chowdhury. It was Bangladesh's submission to the 79th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Shabnur
Kazi Sharmin Nahid Nupur (born 17 December 1975)  known by her stage name Shabnur, is a Bangladeshi film actress. She was one of the highest paid actresses in Bangladesh. Considered one of the most popular actresses  in Bangladesh in the 1990s, her career expands over two decades where she acted in more than 150 films.

She first appeared on screen in 1993 in the film Chandni Raatey but her breakthrough came with Tumi Amar (1994), in which she starred alongside Salman Shah. This helped her quickly becoming a sensation in the industry and led her acting in big role movies such as Jibon Shongi, Shopner Thikana, Moner Majhe Tumi, Ananda Ashru.

She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress for her role in the film Dui Noyoner Alo (2005).
1902 Devonport by-election
The 1902 Devonport by-election was held on 22 October 1902 after the death of one of the incumbents, Liberal politician E. J. C. Morton. The contest was won by the Conservative Party candidate John Lockie.

E. J. C. Morton
Edward John Chalmers Morton (1856 – 3 October 1902), known as E. J. C. Morton, was a British barrister and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons as a member of parliament (MP) for Devonport from 1892 until his death.
Paul van Ass
Paul van Ass (born 16 August 1960, Bergschenhoek) is a Dutch field hockey coach.  After coaching for the Dutch club HGC, he became the coach of the national team, managing them at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's tournament. After his contract expired in 2014, he was declared the coach of the Indian team in 2015.

Netherlands men's national field hockey team
The Netherlands national men's field hockey team represents the Netherlands in international men's field hockey and is controlled by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Hockey Bond, the governing body for field hockey in the Netherlands.

The Netherlands are one of the most successful teams in the world, having won the Summer Olympics three times, the Hockey World Cup three times, the Champions Trophy eight times, the EuroHockey Nations Championship seven times, Pro League three times and the Hockey World League once.
Antonina Dvoryanets
Antonina Grigorivna Dvoryanets (Ukrainian: Антоніна Григорівна Дворянець; née Nechiporenko; 23 March 1952 – 18 February 2014) was a Ukrainian hydraulic engineer and political activist. She began her career as an hydraulic engineer at a collective farm in Hornostaipil from 1972 to 1983 and then worked as a senior project group engineer at the Chernobyl Department of Drainage Systems between 1983 and 1987. Dvoryanets worked as a liquidator, clearing the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986. She later worked variously at the Land Reclamation and Water Management, Kyiv, then at the Chornobilvodeksploatsiya in Kyiv and the Chernobyl Special Plant until her retirement in 2014.

As an activist, Dvoryanets took part in the Ukraine without Kuchma mass protest, the Orange Revolution and the Euromaidan. She was posthumously conferred the title of Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Gold Star and a street in Brovary was named for her.

Hero of Ukraine
A Hero of Ukraine (abbr.  HOU; Ukrainian: Герой України, romanized: Heroi Ukrainy) is the highest national decoration that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the president of Ukraine.

The decoration was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma. As of January 26, 2026, the total number of recipients was no less than 1,255 (of which decrees awarding 1,216 individuals were published, and for at least 39 individuals, the decrees were not made public).

The decoration is granted to two classes of recipients: to civilians, the Order of the State (abbr.  OS, Ukrainian: Орден Держави, romanized: Orden Derzhavy); and to military recipients, the Order of the Gold Star (abbr.  OGS, Орден «Золота Зірка», Orden "Zolota Zirka").

The first foreigner awarded the decoration was Belarusian Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi in June 2017.
Kylie Henry
Kylie Walker Henry (born 30 August 1986) is a Scottish professional golfer. She won her first Ladies European Tour title at the Deloitte Ladies Open in Amsterdam in May 2014. She played under her maiden name Kylie Walker until her marriage to golfer Scott Henry in late 2016.

Dutch Ladies Open
The Dutch Ladies Open is a women's professional golf tournament on the Ladies European Tour that is played in the Netherlands. It was first played in 1986, and annually from 2004 to 2015. It resumed play in 2021.
Chak Dina
Chak Dina (/tʃək dinə/; Urdu: چک دینا; Colloquial: Dina Chak), is a village in Kharian Tehsil of Gujrat District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 16.68 kilometers northeast of Dinga and 7.26 kilometers west of Lalamusa.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Tom Cannon Sr.
Tom Cannon Sr. (April 1846 – 13 July 1917) was a British flat racing jockey and trainer.  He won 13 British classics as a jockey, becoming champion in 1872.  As a trainer, he trained classic winners, as well as winners over jumps, including the 1888 Grand National.  He was the father of four jockey sons, including the six-times champion, Morny Cannon, and the great-grandfather of eleven-times champion, Lester Piggott.

British Classic Races
The British Classics are five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season. They are restricted to three-year-old horses, and traditionally represent the pinnacle of achievement for racehorses against their own age group. As such, victory in any classic marks a horse as amongst the very best of a generation. Victory in two or even three of the series (a rare feat known as the Triple Crown) marks a horse as truly exceptional.
MAX Purple
MAX Purple, also known as Route 307 or the 17 Avenue SE BRT, is a bus rapid transit line in Calgary, Alberta. Part of Calgary Transit's MAX network, it largely travels east along 17 Avenue SE (International Avenue) from downtown Calgary.

MAX Purple, along with Route 1, provide service for East Calgary's primary transit corridor, and has become an important transit connector for Greater Forest Lawn residents. During its planning stages, Mayor Naheed Nenshi insisted the new line be made his favourite colour purple, citing his family's personal connection to International Avenue. The line itself operates on the former eastward service of Route 305 and replaces the retired bus route 126 Applewood Express. Future plans for the line include the permanent eastward extension into neighbouring Chestermere via 17 Avenue SE/Chestermere Boulevard, as well as a potential long-term conversion into an LRT line.

Calgary Transit
Calgary Transit is the public transit agency which is owned and operated by the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In 2019, an estimated 106.5 million passengers boarded approximately 1,155 Calgary Transit vehicles. It operates light metro (LRT), urban tramway (in the downtown free-fare zone), bus rapid transit (BRT), para-transit, and regular bus services. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 144,385,200, or about 534,900 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Amany Lubis
Amany Burhanuddin Umar Lubis (born December 22, 1963) is an Indonesian Muslim, female scholar of Mandailing-Egyptian descent. As an Islamic scholar, Amany was appointed as chairperson of the Indonesian Ulema Council for Women, Youth and Families for the 2015–2020 period. On January 7, 2019, she was appointed as rector of the Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta by the minister of religion affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Lukman Hakim Saifuddin. Her new position made her as the first woman who served as chancellor of the largest Islamic university in Indonesia, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.

Nabilah Lubis
Nabilah Lubis (born Nabilah ‘Abdel Fattah, Arabic: نبيلة عبد الفتاح, romanized: Nabīlah ʻAbd al-Fattaḥ, Arabic pronunciation: [nabiːla ʕabdel fattaːħ]; March 14, 1942) is an Indonesian philologist, writer, translator and lecturer. Nabilah is an Egyptian woman who was married by a Batak Mandailing man from Medan named Burhanuddin Umar Lubis, so she changed her last name to Nabilah Lubis.
Società Bancaria Italiana
The Società Bancaria Italiana (SBI, lit. 'Italian Banking Company') was a significant Italian bank, based in Milan. It was established in 1904 by renaming of Società Bancaria Milanese (1898–1904), itsel the successor of Figli Weill Shott & C. (1850–1898). In the early 20th century, it was one of Italy's four dominant universal banks, together with Banca Commerciale Italiana, Credito Italiano, and Banco di Roma.: 14  After narrowly surviving financial distress in 1907 thanks to government intervention, the SBI merged in 1915 with the Società Italiana di Credito Provinciale to form the Banca Italiana di Sconto.

Banca Commerciale Italiana
Banca Commerciale Italiana (BCI, colloquially known as Comit), founded in 1894, was a major Italian bank based in Milan. In 1999, it merged with the group recently formed by the combination of Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde and Banco Ambroveneto to form IntesaBCI, in which BCI temporarily became a sub-holding company. On 1 January 2003, the group's name changed to Banca Intesa, later Intesa Sanpaolo.
Jorge Carrera Andrade Award
The Jorge Carrera Andrade Award (Spanish: Premio Jorge Carrera Andrade) is a literary award given by the Municipality of Quito, Ecuador to the best poetry book published during the year. It is awarded simultaneously with the Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize, on 1 December of each year. This happens in commemoration of the Day of Quito Interculturality, which takes place as part of the city's founding celebrations.

The winners receive a statuette called "Rumiñahui de Oro" (Golden Rumiñawi).

Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize
The Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Narrativa Joaquín Gallegos Lara) is awarded yearly by the Municipality of Quito, Ecuador to the best national works in three categories: the short story, the novel, and theater.

The award is named after the Ecuadorian novelist Joaquín Gallegos Lara (1909-1947).
Bras des Angers
The Bras des Angers (English: arm of Angers) is a tributary of the Pikauba River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Lac-Ministuk, in the Le Fjord-du-Saguenay Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The course of the Bras des Angers crosses the northwest part of the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve.

The small valley of the Arm of Angers is located near route 169. This valley is served by some secondary forest roads, especially for forestry and recreational tourism activities.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Bras des Angers is usually frozen from the beginning of December to the end of March, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from mid-December to mid-March.

Laurentides Wildlife Reserve
Réserve faunique des Laurentides (transl. Laurentides Wildlife Reserve), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides, is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, located between Quebec City and the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec (Canada) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec.

The territory of the reserve (7,861 square kilometres (3,035 sq mi)) has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing.