hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sanford Bishop
Sanford Dixon Bishop Jr. (born February 4, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Georgia's 2nd congressional district since 1993. He became the dean of Georgia's congressional delegation after the death of John Lewis. A member of the Blue Dog Coalition, he belongs to the moderate faction of the Democratic Party. His district is in southwestern Georgia and includes Albany, Thomasville, and most of Columbus and Macon.

Blue Dog Coalition
The Blue Dog Coalition, or Blue Dog Caucus, commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats, is a caucus of moderate and conservative members from the Democratic Party in the United States House of Representatives. The caucus was founded as a group of conservative Democrats in 1995 in response to defeats in the 1994 elections. Historically, the Blue Dog Coalition has been conservative, both fiscally and socially. At its peak in 2009, the Blue Dog Coalition numbered 54 members, accounting for 21% of the entire Democratic caucus at the time. As of 2026, it has 10 members, 6 of which are also members of the New Democrat Coalition.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the coalition's focus shifted towards ideological centrism and constituency-based politics; however, the coalition maintained an emphasis on fiscal responsibility. The Blue Dog Coalition remains the most conservative grouping of Democrats in the House.
Raiford Blunt
Albert Raiford Blunt (1837 – March 19, 1905), also spelled Raiford Blount and Raford Blunt, was a Baptist minister, teacher and state legislator in Louisiana. He served in the Louisiana House of Representatives and the Louisiana Senate.

Louisiana State Senate
The Louisiana State Senate (French: Sénat d'État de Louisiane; Spanish: Senado del Estado de Luisiana) is the upper house of the Louisiana State Legislature. Senators serve four-year terms and participate in various committees.
Rachele Mussolini (politician)
Rachele Mussolini (born 25 May 1974) is an Italian politician and a city councillor of Rome since 2016. She was formerly a member of the right-wing party Brothers of Italy, but defected to the centre-right Forza Italia in 2024. She has been serving two consecutive terms as a councillor in Rome. She is the granddaughter of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini and Rachele Mussolini and half-sister of Alessandra Mussolini.

Rachele Mussolini
Rachele Guidi (Italian: [raˈkɛːle ˈɡwiːdi]; 11 April 1890 – 30 October 1979), also known (particularly in Italy) as donna Rachele ('Lady Rachel') and incorrectly as Rachele Mussolini in the English-speaking world, was the second wife of dictator and fascist leader Benito Mussolini.
VISION movement
The VISION movement is a Hebrew Universalist movement and branch of Rav Oury Cherki's Noahide World Center. The movement supports the Jewish resettlement of Gaza, a one-state solution, working with Palestinians to simultaneously pursue both Jewish and Arab liberation, the Palestinian right of return, and opposes American influence in Israeli politics.

The movement runs several programs which seek to educate Jewish diaspora youth on the intricacies of the Arab-Israeli conflict by exposing them to a diverse array of individuals, both Jewish and Palestinian, who've personally taken part in hostilities or have been impacted by them.

Oury Amos Cherki
Oury Amos Cherki (Hebrew: רב אורי עמוס שרקי; born in 1959, alternative spelling Uri Sherki) is chairman of Brit Olam – The World Center for Bnei Noah, a senior lecturer at Machon Meir, leader of congregation "Bayt Yehuda" in the Kiryat Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem and has published numerous works on Jewish thought and philosophy.
Olympia Capital Holdings
Olympia Capital Holdings Limited is a holding company comprising several businesses in East and Southern Africa. The company's headquarters are located in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Botswana and South Africa. The company is listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) and trades as OCH. In addition to the NSE listing, its Botswana subsidiary Olympia Capital Corporation is listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange.

Nairobi Securities Exchange
The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) was established  in 1954 as the Nairobi Stock Exchange, based in Nairobi the capital of Kenya. It was a voluntary association of stockbrokers in the European community registered under the Societies Act in British Kenya. The exchange had 66 listed companies in February 2021.
US Orbital Segment
The US Orbital Segment (USOS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed and operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The segment consists of eleven pressurized components and various external elements, almost all of which were delivered by the Space Shuttle.

The segment is monitored and controlled from various mission control centers around the world including Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, Columbus Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany and Tsukuba Space Center in Tsukuba, Japan. However, it depends on the Russian Orbital Segment for essential flight control, orbital station-keeping and life support systems.

Tsukuba
Tsukuba (つくば市, Tsukuba-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of January 1, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 256,526 in 121,001 households and a population density of 900 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 20.3%. The total area of the city is 283.72 square kilometres (109.54 sq mi).  It is known as the location of the Tsukuba Science City (筑波研究学園都市, Tsukuba Kenkyū Gakuen Toshi), a planned science park developed in the 1960s.
Autonomous Action
Autonomous Action (Russian: Автономное действие; АД, romanized: Avtonomnoye deystviye; AD) is a Russian libertarian communist publishing group. Established in January 2002 as a federation of anarchist groups, it published the Avtonom magazine, coordinated anti-fascist patrols and organised veches as forms of popular assembly. The organisation faced repression from the Putin administration, which surveilled its members and deported one of its leading organisers. In 2013, the organisation split, with a number of members forming People's Self-Defense (NS). By the end of the 2010s, the organisation had been weakened substantially and reorganised into a small media group, focused on the Avtonom magazine and website.

Anarchist communism
Anarchist communism is a far-left political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates a form of communism. It calls for the abolition of hierarchies, as well as private property but retention of personal property and collectively owned items, goods, and services. It supports social ownership of property and the distribution of resources (i.e. from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs).

Anarchist communism was first formulated as such in the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association. The theoretical work of Peter Kropotkin took importance later as it expanded and developed pro-organizationalist and insurrectionary anti-organizationalist section. Examples of anarchist communist societies are the anarchist territories of the Makhnovshchina during the Russian Revolution, and those of the Spanish Revolution, most notably revolutionary Catalonia.
Baal Hammon
Baal Hammon, properly Baʿal Ḥamon (Phoenician and Punic: 𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤇𐤌𐤍, romanized: Baʿl Ḥamōn), meaning "Lord Hammon", was a Punic-Libyan syncretic deity and the chief god of ancient Carthage. He was a weather god considered responsible for the fertility of vegetation and esteemed as king of the gods. He was depicted as a bearded older man with curling ram's horns. Baal Ḥammon's female cult partner was Tanit. Baal Hammon was worshipped only in North Africa and Carthaginian colonies of the western mediterranean including Iberia, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands.

In Carthage and North Africa, Baʿal Hammon was especially associated with the ram and was also worshiped as the horned deity Baʿal Qarnaim "Lord of the Two Horns", He had several temples in Volubilis, Cirta, Iol, Hippo Regius, Timgad and many others however his chief temple was in an open-air sanctuary at Jebel Boukornine ("the two-horned hill") across the bay from Carthage, in Tunisia.

Syncretism
Syncretism (/ˈsɪŋkrətɪzəm/) is the combining or merging of various distinct beliefs or schools of thought, particularly religious ones. For instance, features and components of one religion are incorporated and absorbed into another. It can include assimilation of several originally discrete traditions, especially in theology and mythology, thus asserting an underlying unity and allowing for an inclusive approach to multiple faiths. While syncretism in art and culture is sometimes likened to eclecticism, in the realm of religion, it specifically denotes a more integrated merging of beliefs into a unified system, distinct from eclecticism, which implies a selective adoption of elements from different traditions without necessarily blending them into a new, cohesive belief system.
Biot number
The Biot number (Bi) is a dimensionless quantity used in heat transfer calculations, named for the eighteenth-century French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862). The Biot number is the ratio of the thermal resistance for conduction inside a body to the resistance for convection at the surface of the body. This ratio indicates whether the temperature inside a body varies significantly in space when the body is heated or cooled over time by a heat flux at its surface.

In general, problems involving small Biot numbers (much smaller than 1) are analytically simple, as a result of nearly uniform temperature fields inside the body. Biot numbers of order one or greater indicate more difficult problems with nonuniform temperature fields inside the body.

The Biot number appears in a number of heat transfer problems, including transient heat conduction and fin heat transfer calculations.

Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is defined as the form of energy crossing the boundary of a thermodynamic system by virtue of a temperature difference across the boundary. A thermodynamic system does not contain heat. Nevertheless, the term is also often used to refer to the thermal energy contained in a system as a component of its internal energy and that is reflected in the temperature of the system.

Calorimetry is measurement of heat by its effect on the states of interacting bodies, for example, by the amount of ice melted or by change in temperature of a body.

In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of measurement for heat is the joule (J).
Fukuyama Transporting
Fukuyama Transporting (福山通運, Fukuyama tsūun) is a Kintetsu Group shipping company whose headquarters is in Higashi-Fukatsucho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima. It is listed on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. It is in a joint partnership with Hitachi Transport System, and deals in parcel shipping and moving.

Fukuyama, Hiroshima
Fukuyama (福山市, Fukuyama-shi) is a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 459,160 in 214259 households and a population density of 890 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 518.14 square kilometres (200.05 sq mi). After Hiroshima, it is the largest city in Hiroshima Prefecture. The city's symbol is the rose and it holds an annual Rose Festival in the month of May. The official mascot of Fukuyama is an anthropomorphic rose child by the name of Rola.
Curie (rocket engine)
Curie is a liquid-propellant rocket engine designed and manufactured by Rocket Lab. A bipropellant is used for the propulsion of the third stage/kick stage of the Electron rocket, as well as the Photon. The composition of the propellant is a trade secret.

The kick stage rocket produces 120 newtons (27 lbf) of thrust, and has a specific impulse of approximately 320 seconds.

It was first used on 21 January 2018 during Rocket Lab's first successful orbital rocket launch, and helped to boost two small CubeSats, the weather and ship-tracking Lemur-2 CubeSats built by the company Spire Global, into a circular orbit.

Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and non-hypergolic propellants which require an ignition source.

About 170 different propellants made of liquid fuel have been tested, excluding minor changes to a specific propellant such as propellant additives, corrosion inhibitors, or stabilizers. In the U.S. alone at least 25 different propellant combinations have been flown.

Many factors go into choosing a propellant for a liquid-propellant rocket engine. The primary factors include ease of operation, cost, hazards/environment and performance.
Trans-Val-de-Marne
The Trans-Val-de-Marne, often abbreviated as Tvm, is a bus rapid transit (BRT) line operated by the RATP Group as part of the RATP bus network in the Paris metropolitan area. The line entered service on 1 October 1993, running almost entirely in a dedicated lane. The line facilitates travel from suburb to suburb within the Val-de-Marne department in the Île-de-France region. It replaced the former RATP line 392, which since 1969 had linked Saint-Maur–Créteil station and Rungis.

The Tvm connects Saint-Maur–Créteil to La Croix de Berny, serving thirty-two stations over nearly twenty kilometres (12 mi). It has a special status since although it is a bus line, it is already administratively included by the RATP in the "T mode," alongside the tram lines.

It is the busiest bus line in Europe, with 23 million passengers in 2019.

La Croix de Berny station
La Croix de Berny (French pronunciation: [la kʁwa də bɛʁni]) is a station on the RER B line in Antony, near Sceaux. It also serves as the terminus of tramway line T10 towards Clamart opened in 2023, and of the bus rapid transit line TVM (Trans Val de Marne) to Créteil which opened in 2007. The station is close to the Parc de Sceaux.

A full renovation of the station with a budget of 20.5 million euro finished in 2021, consisting of a new station building, a new underpass, and accessibility improvements.
Stealth Magazine
Stealth Magazine was an independent hip-hop magazine from Sydney, Australia. Founded by Mark Pollard, it debuted in June 1999 with Arsonists on the cover. Its first three issues were zine-like in format (mostly black and white with a colour cover). In 2000 it went full colour and had a bonus CD attached to it and was quickly picked up for distribution by Tower Records worldwide (mag department now deceased).

The magazine's editorial content mostly focused on the independent hip-hop scenes around the world with the CD including music from Australia, United States, Canada, England, Switzerland and South Korea.

Stealth magazine ended publication in 2007.

Arsonists (group)
Arsonists are an underground hip hop group. Their album, As the World Burns (1999), reached No. 78 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums; its single, "Pyromaniax", reached No. 43 on the US Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart.
1914 Kenwood House ball
A ball was held at Kenwood House, London, by Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia on 11 June 1914. The ball was held in honour of Michael's daughters Anastasia and Nadejda and marked the coming-out of the latter, who was aged 18. It was attended by a large number of British and foreign nobility, including King George V and Queen Mary, and was one of the last big social events before the start of the First World War. The night featured a dinner and dance demonstration by Maurice Mouvet and Florence Walton.  The latter was the first royal command performance by North American dancers; Mary specifically requested a demonstration of the controversial tango as she had not seen one before.  A ball after the dinner was attended by 2,000 members of society and was accompanied by a Viennese orchestra.

Anastasia de Torby
Lady Anastasia Mikhailovna Wernher CBE (née Countess Anastasia Mikhailovna de Torby; Russian: Анастасия Михайловна Де Торби 9 September 1892 – 7 December 1977), also known as Lady Zia Wernher, was a German-born Russian-British aristocrat and thoroughbred racehorse owner.

She was the elder daughter of Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia by his morganatic wife, Countess Sophie Nikolaievna of Merenberg. She was the owner of Charlottown, winner of the 1966 Epsom Derby.
Lala Lajpat Rai
Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjabi: ਲਾਲਾ ਲਾਜਪਤ ਰਾਏ; 28 January 1865 - 17 November 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly known as Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab). He was one of the three members of the Lal Bal Pal trio. He died of severe trauma injuries sustained in October 1928 during a baton charge by police in Lahore, when he led a peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.

Baton charge
A baton charge is a coordinated tactic for dispersing crowds of people, usually used by police, paramilitary or military in response to public disorder.  In the Indian subcontinent, a long bamboo stick, called a lathi in Bengali, Hindi, Kannada Nepali and Urdu, is used for crowd control, and the expression lathi charge is commonly employed to describe the action.

The tactic involves police officers charging at a crowd of people with batons and in some cases riot shields. They run at the crowd hitting people with their batons, and in some situations use riot shields to push them away. Baton charging is designed to cause pain or fear of pain, in the hope that crowds would be compelled to move away from the scene, dispersing them.
Cornelis Theodorus Elout
Cornelis Theodorus Elout (Haarlem, 22 March 1767 – The Hague, 3 May 1841) was a Dutch statesman. As Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies he instituted the landrente tax system in the Dutch East Indies in 1816, and in 1819 promulgated the new Regeringsreglement for that colony together with his colleagues Godert van der Capellen and Arnold Adriaan Buyskes, while also reforming the coinage. After his return to the Netherlands he served as Minister of Finance, Industry, Colonies, and the Navy. He was instrumental in founding the Nederlandsche Handelsmaatschappij. He opposed the introduction of the Cultuurstelsel in the East Indies, but was overruled, and resigned in protest.

Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij
The Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij N.V. (NHM, lit. 'Dutch Trade Society') was a Dutch trading and financial company, established in 1824, in The Hague by King William I to promote and develop trade, shipping and agriculture. For the next 140 years the NHM developed a large international branch network and increasingly engaged in banking operations. In 1964, it merged with Twentsche Bank to form Algemene Bank Nederland, itself a predecessor of ABN AMRO.
Hotel manager
A hotel manager, hotelier, or lodging manager is a person who manages the operation of a hotel, motel, resort, or other lodging-related establishment. Management of a hotel operation includes, but is not limited to: management of hotel staff, business management, upkeep and sanitary standards of hotel facilities, guest satisfaction and customer service, marketing management, sales management, revenue management, financial accounting, purchasing, and other functions. The title "hotel manager" or "hotelier" often refers to the hotel's general manager who serves as a hotel's head executive, though their duties and responsibilities vary depending on the hotel's size, purpose, and expectations from ownership. The hotel's general manager is often supported by subordinate department managers that are responsible for individual departments and key functions of the hotel operations.

Marketing management
Marketing management is the strategic organizational discipline that focuses on the practical application of marketing orientation, techniques and methods inside enterprises and organizations and on the management of marketing resources and activities.
Compare marketology,
which Aghazadeh defines in terms of "recognizing, generating and disseminating market insight to ensure better market-related decisions".
1798 Watts
1798 Watts, provisional designation 1949 GC, is a stony asteroid and binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 4 April 1949, by IU's Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. The asteroid was named for American astronomer Chester Burleigh Watts. Its small minor-planet moon has a period of 26.96 hours.

Minor-planet moon
A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. As of January 2022, there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.

Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's moon Charon, which has about half the diameter of Pluto.

There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).
Kuzma Andrianov
Kuzma Andrianovich Andrianov (Russian: Кузьма Андрианович Андрианов; 28 December 1904 — 13 March 1978) was a Soviet and Russian chemist and professor of Moscow Power Engineering Institute. Hero of Socialist Labour (1969). Four Stalin Prizes (1943, 1946, 1950, 1953).

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
The Splatters
The Splatters is a physics based puzzle video game for the Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade. It was developed by Israeli studio SpikySnail Games and published by Microsoft Studios. The Splatters was released on April 11, 2012. A PC port was released in 2013 titled Super Splatters. The Splatters was originally going to be called "Confetti Carnival", however the name was changed prior to release. The game received positive to mixed reviews from critics.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Kiamba, Sarangani
Kiamba, officially the Municipality of Kiamba (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Kiamba; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Kiamba, Jawi: ايڠد نو كيامب; Tagalog: Bayan ng Kiamba), is a   municipality in the province of Sarangani, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 65,774 people.

It is bordered on the west by Maitum, on the east by Maasim, on the north by South Cotabato, and on the south by the Celebes Sea.

Notable residents include Manny Pacquiao. It is the hometown of his wife Jinkee Pacquiao.

Maasim
Maasim, officially the Municipality of Maasim (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Maasim; Tagalog: Bayan ng Maasim; Maguindanaon: Inged nu Maasim, Jawi: ايڠد نو ماسم), is a municipality in the province of Sarangani, Philippines. According to 2020 census, it had a population of 64,940 people.