hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of covariance
Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) is an extension of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) methods to cover cases where there is more than one dependent variable and where the control of concomitant continuous independent variables – covariates – is required. The most prominent benefit of the MANCOVA design over the simple MANOVA is the 'factoring out' of noise or error that has been introduced by the covariant. A commonly used multivariate version of the ANOVA F-statistic is Wilks' Lambda (Λ), which represents the ratio between the error variance (or covariance) and the effect variance (or covariance).

Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group means to the amount of variation within each group. If the between-group variation is substantially larger than the within-group variation, it suggests that the group means are likely different. This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in a dataset can be broken down into components attributable to different sources. In the case of ANOVA, these sources are the variation between groups and the variation within groups.

ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. In its simplest form, it provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means.
Charles Hooman
Charles Victor Lisle Hooman (3 October 1887 – 20 November 1969), often known as Chubby Holman, was an English amateur sportsman who played cricket for Oxford University and Kent County Cricket Club between 1907 and 1910. He won Blues for golf, rackets and cricket and later represented the Great Britain and Ireland golf team in the Walker Cup in 1922 and 1923. He served in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War I and the RAF Volunteer Reserve during World War II.

Rackets (sport)
Rackets or racquets is an indoor racket sport played in the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada. It is infrequently called "hard rackets" to distinguish it from the related sport of squash (also called "squash rackets").
2019 Greater Wellington Regional Council election
The 2019 Greater Wellington Regional Council election was a local election held from 20 September until 12 October in the Greater Wellington region of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected thirteen regional councillors for the 2019–2022 term of the Greater Wellington Regional Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote system were used.

Greater Wellington Regional Council
Wellington Regional Council, branded as Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC), is the regional council overseeing the Wellington Region of New Zealand's lower North Island. It is responsible for public transport under the brand Metlink, environmental and flood protection, and the region's water supply. As of 2023, it is the majority owner of CentrePort Wellington with a 77% shareholding.

The Wellington Regional Council was first formed in 1980 from the amalgamation of the functions of the Wellington Regional Planning Authority with those of the Wellington Regional Water Board, before taking its current form with the local government reforms of 1989. The council adopted the promotional name "Greater Wellington" in 2003.

A proposal made in 2013 that nine territorial authorities amalgamate to form a single supercity met substantial local opposition and was abandoned in June 2015.
Kidlat Tahimik
Eric Oteyza de Guia (born October 3, 1942), better known as Kidlat Tahimik ("Silent Lightning"), is a film director, writer and actor whose films are commonly associated with the Third Cinema movement through their critiques of neocolonialism. For his contributions to the development of Philippine independent cinema, he was recognized in 2018 as a National Artist of the Philippines for Film - a conferment which represents the Philippine state's highest recognition for artists.

One of the most prominent names in the Filipino film industry, he has garnered various accolades locally and internationally, including a Plaridel honorarium for independent cinema. He is dubbed by fellow filmmakers and critics as the "Father of Philippine Independent Cinema".

In recent years, Tahimik has become a noted installation artist with his works exhibited in various public spaces in the Philippines.

National Artist of the Philippines
The Order of National Artists of the Philippines (Tagalog: Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas) is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Members of the order are known as National Artists. Originally instituted as an award, it was elevated to the status of an order in 2003.

The order is administered by the Cultural Center of the Philippines by virtue of President Ferdinand Marcos's Proclamation No. 1001 of April 27, 1972, and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The first award was posthumously conferred on Filipino painter Fernando Amorsolo.
My Starry Love
"My Starry Love" (Korean: 별빛 같은 나의 사랑아; RR: Byeolbit Gateun Naeui Sarang-a; lit. My Love like Starlight) is a song recorded by South Korean trot singer Lim Young-woong. It was released as a digital single on March 9, 2021, through Tizzo C&C, New Era Project, Mulgogi Music and Kakao Entertainment. Penned by veteran trot singer-songwriter Seol Woon-do, the song's musical style focuses on authentic trot music, while the lyrics are about a person's love for those who have stood by him or her for a long time. Prior to its release, Lim premiered the song at the finals of the second season of Miss Trot.

Commercially, "My Starry Love" was a success in South Korea, topping the Gaon Digital Chart and becoming the singer's first number-one single. The song also earned Lim the first music program award ever since his debut, winning first place on Show! Music Core. This feat made him the first trot artist to receive a music show win in 14 years since 2007.

TV Chosun
TV Chosun (Korean: TV조선; Hanja: TV朝鮮; RR: TVjoseon; MR: TVchosŏn; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean pay television network and broadcasting company owned by the Chosun Ilbo-led consortium. The headquarters is located in 40 Sejong-daero 21-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul. It began broadcasting on December 1, 2011.

TV Chosun is one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside JoongAng Ilbo's JTBC, Dong-A Ilbo's Channel A, and Maeil Kyungje's MBN in 2011. The four new networks supplement existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS, and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.
Mallard (documentation)
Mallard is a markup language for the creation of help pages and user documentation for applications (technical documentation). Mallard 1.0 was released on 23 July 2013.

Mallard is an XML language. Similar to DocBook, it defines the logical structure of a document.
The documents are then displayed in a help browser, which creates links between the documents.
Concepts such as guides and topics provide means for reaching help pages in different ways.

At the moment, GNOME applications such as Web, Eye of GNOME, Evince and others use Mallard for documentation purposes.
Mallard is the preferred system for the Gnome Documentation.

Mallard pages can be viewed in Yelp, a GNOME help browser. 
Further output formats are planned that can be generated via the command line using the tools that are provided via Gitorious:

HTML

LaTeX

Dot

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
West Worthing
West Worthing is a neighbourhood of Worthing in West Sussex, England that was developed within Heene and later expanded beyond Heene's boundaries. Intended as an exclusive resort, the township of West Worthing was developed from around 1864 and merged with the formerly separate township of Worthing in 1890, when Worthing gained borough status.

Heene is a former civil parish, now part of the borough of Worthing. It lies on the A259 road 0.6 miles (1 km) west of the town centre.  Once part of the parish of West Tarring, Heene was a civil parish in its own right from the 16th century until 9 November 1902. At the 1901 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Heene had a population of 3019.

Municipal borough
A municipal borough was a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1836 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs.
Territorial Prelature of São José de Alto Tocantins
The Territorial Prelature of São José de Alto Tocantins was a short-lived (1924–1956) Latin Church missionary jurisdiction of the Catholic Church administered by the Claretians in inner Brazil's Amazon basin.

Claretians
The Claretians, officially named the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated CMF), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men headquartered in Rome. It was founded on July 16, 1849, by Fr. Antonio María Claret y Clará, C.M.F. They are active as  missionaries worldwide, in 70 countries on five continents. The number of Claretian priests and brothers is at more than 3,000. The Congregation has a particular devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and members have published extensively in Mariology.
Deferrisoma camini
Deferrisoma camini is a moderately thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Deferrisoma which has been isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent from the Eastern Lau Spreading Centre in the Pacific Ocean.

Deferrisoma
Deferrisoma is a genus of bacteria from the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota. It is the only described member of the family Deferrisomataceae, order Deferrisomatales, and class Deferrisomatia. Known Deferrisoma species are thermophilic iron reducers that live on deep-sea and shallow hydrothermal vents.
Durocornovium
Durocornovium was a Roman town in Britain, situated on the Roman road between Corinium Dobunnorum  (Cirencester) and Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester). In many ways Durocornovium was a typical small Roman town.

Corinium Dobunnorum
Corinium Dobunnorum was the Romano-British settlement at Cirencester in the present-day English county of Gloucestershire. Its 2nd-century walls enclosed the second-largest area of a city in Roman Britain. It was the tribal capital of the Dobunni and is usually thought to have been the capital of the Diocletian-era province of Britannia Prima (Britannia I).
Joaquim Amaral
Joaquim Amaral (born 17 July 1968) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat, and a member of the Fretilin political party.

From June 2020 to July 2023, he was the Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs, serving in the VIII Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak.

Previously, Amaral was East Timorese Ambassador to Thailand, and a Member of the National Parliament of East Timor.

National Parliament of Timor-Leste
The National Parliament (Tetum: Parlamentu Nasionál, Portuguese: Parlamento Nacional) is the unicameral national legislature in Timor-Leste. It was created in 2001 as the Constituent Assembly while the country was still administered by the United Nations, but renamed itself to the National Parliament with the attaining of national independence on 20 May 2002.
Kouloura
A kouloura, or kouloures (Greek plural koulourai), is a circular subsurface pit with stone walls found in certain settlements within Ancient Crete, including the Minoan palaces at Phaistos, Knossos, and Malia.
According to the stratigraphy, the kouloura were all constructed around MM II (1850–1750 BC).

Malia (archaeological site)
Malia (also Mallia) is a Minoan and Mycenaean archaeological site located on the northern coast of Crete in the Heraklion area. It is about 35 kilometers east of the ancient site of Knossos and 40 kilometers east of the modern city of Heraklion. The site lies about 3 kilometers east and inland from the modern village of Malia. It was occupied from the middle 3rd millennium BC until about 1250 BC. During the Late Minoan I period (1700 - 1470 BC) it had the third largest Minoan palace, destroyed at the end of the Late Minoan IB period. The other palaces are at Hagia Triada, Knossos, Phaistos, Zakros, and Gournia. It has been excavated for over a century by the French School of Athens and inscriptions of the undeciphered scripts Cretan hieroglyphs, Linear A, and the deciphered script Linear B have been found there.
Social Sciences in China (journal)
Social Sciences in China (Chinese: 中国社会科学) is a peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on philosophy and social sciences in China. It was established in 1980 by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The journal is in both Chinese and English. The Chinese edition (published by the Social Sciences in China Press, monthly) is a top journal in China. The English edition (published by Routledge, quarterly) is notable for being the first social science journal in English published in mainland China, and it remains a key platform for introducing Chinese scholarship to global audiences.

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese state research institute and think tank. It is a ministry-level institution under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The CASS is the highest academic institution and comprehensive research center for philosophy and social sciences research in China.

The CASS was founded in May 1977. Its predecessor was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main research objects of the Academy of Social Sciences are the language, philosophy, law, economy, religion, ethnicity, archaeology, history and literature of China and other countries in the world. The Academy of Social Sciences is divided into 6 academic departments and 37 research institutes.
MiniBooNE
MiniBooNE is a Cherenkov detector experiment at Fermilab designed to observe neutrino oscillations (BooNE is an acronym for the Booster Neutrino Experiment).  A neutrino beam consisting primarily of muon neutrinos is directed at a detector filled with 800 tons of mineral oil (ultrarefined methylene compounds) and lined with 1,280 photomultiplier tubes. An excess of electron neutrino events in the detector would support the neutrino oscillation interpretation of the LSND (Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector) result.

MiniBooNE started collecting data in 2002 and was still running in 2017. In May 2018, physicists of the MiniBooNE experiment reported a possible signal indicating the existence of sterile neutrinos.

Muon neutrino
The muon neutrino is an elementary particle which has the symbol νμ and zero electric charge. Together with the muon it forms the second generation of leptons, hence the name muon neutrino. It was discovered in 1962 by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. The discovery was rewarded with the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.
J. F. O. Mustaffah
James Franklin Osman Adewale Ishola Mustaffah, FRCS, FICS (died 8 March 1997) was a Ghanaian academic and neurosurgeon. He is credited for introducing neurosurgery in Ghana.  Mustaffah was one of the earliest African neurosurgeons practising in Sub-Saharan Africa, he was the first African member of the International Society of Surgeons. He was a member of the African Association of Neurological Science and a faculty member of the University of Ghana Medical School.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Schenkeliella
Schenkeliella is a monotypic genus of Sri Lankan long-jawed orb-weavers containing the single species, Schenkeliella spinosa. The species was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871 under the name Oeta spinosa, but it was renamed to "Schenkeliella" by Embrik Strand in 1934 because the name was already in use for a genus of ermine moths. Originally placed with the Nesticidae, it transferred to the Tetragnathidae in 1980.

Long-jawed orb weaver
Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.
8th Battalion (Australia)
The 8th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Initially raised in 1914 for the First Australian Imperial Force during the First World War the battalion was completely recruited from Victoria and formed part of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division. During the war it fought at Gallipoli and in France and Belgium on the Western Front. It was disbanded in 1919, before being re-raised as a Militia battalion in 1921. During the Second World War the 8th Battalion was used primarily as a garrison unit before taking part in the Bougainville campaign late in the war. It was disbanded again in 1946 during the demobilisation process, although it was reformed again in 1948 when it was amalgamated with the 7th Battalion. Today, its honours and traditions are perpetuated by the 8th/7th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.

Australian Army Reserve
The Australian Army Reserve is a collective name given to the reserve units of the Australian Army. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, the reserve military force has been known by many names, including the Citizens Forces, the Citizen Military Forces, the Militia and, unofficially, the Australian Military Forces. In 1980, however, the current name—Australian Army Reserve—was officially adopted, and it now consists of a number of components based around the level of commitment and training obligation that its members are required to meet.
Renault 5 Turbo
The Renault 5 Turbo or R5 Turbo is a sports car which was produced by French manufacturer Renault from 1980 until 1984. It has a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout and was originally designed as a homologation special to compete in rallying. The R5 Turbo is based on the Renault 5, a front-wheel-drive mass-market supermini. Launched at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1980, the car was sold in a street-legal version, to comply with homologation minimum production numbers regulations, certifying that the R5 Turbo was to a sufficient extent indeed a "production car".

Despite a hefty price-tag, market demand for the Renault 5 Turbos exceeded the required homologation production minimums, such that a total of 4,987 (1,820 Turbo 1 and 3,167 Turbo 2) R5 Turbos were manufactured during the six-year production run.

Homologation (motorsport)
In motorsport, homologation is a testing and certification process for vehicles, circuits, and related equipment for conformance to technical standards, usually known as type approval in English-language jurisdictions. It confirms conformity to standards or categorisation criteria typically set by the sporting authority. At international and supra-national level, the FIA and FIM mandate what must be homologated, the FIA in its International Sporting Code and appendices. National sporting authorities such as Motorsport UK must adhere to these rules but may enforce additional or specific homologation rules applicable to their series or jurisdiction, however, unaffiliated series may set their own requirements.

The word homologation is derived from Greek ὁμολογέω, homologeo, 'I agree'.
GeneSweep
GeneSweep or Gene Sweepstake was a sweepstake and scientific wager for scientists to bet on the total number of genes in the human genome. The sweepstake was started at a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory conference in 2000. Initially, bets could be placed for $1, which was raised to $5 in 2001 and to $20 in 2002. The cost of placing a bet increased significantly because later participants were expected to have much more accurate information available to inform their guesses. By May 23, 2000, 228 bets had been placed, with the average number of predicted genes among them being 62,598.

Sweepstake
In the United States, a sweepstake is a type of contest where a prize or prizes may be awarded to a winner or winners. Sweepstakes began as a form of lottery that was tied to products sold. In response, the FCC and FTC refined U.S. broadcasting laws (creating the anti-lottery laws). Under these laws sweepstakes became strictly "No purchase necessary to enter or win" and "A purchase will not increase your chances of winning", especially since many sweepstakes companies skirted the law by stating only "no purchase necessary to enter", removing the consideration (one of the three legally required elements of gambling) to stop abuse of sweepstakes. Today, sweepstakes in the United States are used as marketing promotions to reward existing consumers and to draw attention to a product. By definition, the winner is determined by pure random chance rather than skill.
Crumlin Integrated College
Crumlin Integrated College is an integrated, secondary school founded in 2006, located in Crumlin, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It lies within the North Eastern Education and Library Board area. It was formerly Crumlin High School: the transition was announced in July 2006 by Education Minister, Maria Eagle. She said “Education has a vital role in helping to create the conditions necessary for long-term peace and stability in Northern Ireland."

Integrated education in Northern Ireland
Integrated education in Northern Ireland refers to the bringing together of children, parents and teachers from both Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions in childhood education: the aim being to provide a balanced education, while allowing the opportunity to understand and respect all cultural and religious backgrounds.
Confraternity of the Rosary
The Confraternity of the Holy Rosary is a Roman Catholic Archconfraternity or spiritual association, under the care and guidance of the Dominican Order.  The members of the confraternity strive to pray the entire Holy Rosary weekly.

Society of the Holy Name
The Society of the Holy Name, formally known as the Confraternity of the Most Holy Name of God and Jesus, is a Roman Catholic confraternity of the laity and is one of several which are under the care of the Dominican Order. It is open to all Catholic adults. The primary object of the society is to beget reverence for the Holy Name of God and Jesus Christ; it is also dedicated to making reparations, in particular, for blasphemy, perjury and immorality.