hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menninger Foundation
The Menninger Foundation was founded in 1919 by the Menninger family in Topeka, Kansas.  The Menninger Foundation, known locally as Menninger's, consists of a clinic, a sanatorium, and a school of psychiatry, all of which bear the Menninger name.  Menninger's consisted of a campus at 5800 S.W. 6th Avenue in Topeka, Kansas which included a pool as well as the other aforementioned buildings. In 2003, the Menninger Clinic moved to Houston. The foundation was started in 1919 by Dr. Charles F. Menninger and his sons, Drs. Karl and William Menninger. It represented the first group psychiatry practice. "We had a vision," Dr. C. F. Menninger said, "of a better kind of medicine and a better kind of world."

Sanatorium
A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal'), also sanitarium or sanitorium, is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases, related ailments, and convalescence.

Sanatoria were often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside. The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The most common issue treated at sanatoria was tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics). Some sanatoria also treated alcoholism as well as hysteria, masturbation, fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.

Sanatoria should not be confused with the Russian sanatoria from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers.
57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
The 57th Fighter Squadron (57 FS), also known as "The Black Knights", is an active United States Air Force unit that is assigned to the 85th Fighter Group. The squadron was reactivated at Ebbing Air National Guard Base, Arkansas, on 2 July 2024 as an F-35A Lightning II training unit focused on NATO and Allied pilots. Although located on an Arkansas Air National Guard installation at a joint civil-military airport, the 57 FS is an active duty USAF command that functions as a geographically separated unit (GSU) of the Air Education and Training Command's (AETC) 33rd Fighter Wing (33 FW) at Eglin AFB, Florida. The 57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (57 FIS) was previously stationed at Naval Air Station Keflavik, Iceland, between 1954 and 1995, from where it policed the GIUK gap.

GIUK gap
The GIUK gap (sometimes written G-I-UK) is an area in the northern Atlantic Ocean that forms a naval choke point. Its name is an initialism for Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom, the gap being the two stretches of open ocean among these three landmasses. It separates the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea from the open Atlantic Ocean. The term is typically used in relation to military topics. The area has been considered strategically important since the beginning of the 20th century.
African socialism
African socialism is a distinct variant of socialist theory developed in post-colonial Africa during the mid-20th century. As a shared ideology among several African thinkers over the decades, it encompasses a variety of competing interpretations. However, a consistent and defining theme among these theories is the notion that traditional African cultures and community structures have a natural inclination toward socialist principles.

This characterization of socialism as an indigenous African tradition sets African socialism apart as a unique ideological movement, distinctly separate from other socialist movements on the continent or elsewhere in the world. Prominent contributors to this field include Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal.

Ubuntu philosophy
Ubuntu (Zulu pronunciation: [ùɓúntʼù]; meaning 'humanity' in some Bantu languages, such as Zulu) describes a set of closely related Bantu African-origin value systems that emphasize the interconnectedness of individuals with their surrounding societal and physical worlds.  "Ubuntu" is sometimes translated as "I am because we are". In Xhosa, the latter term is used, but is often meant in a more philosophical sense to mean "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity".
Acanthothecis verrucosa
Acanthothecis verrucosa is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in southern Vietnam, where it grows on smooth-barked trees in tropical forests. The lichen is characterized by its olive-green, verrucose thallus and the presence of psoromic acid. This species can easily be confused with similar lichens, but it can be distinguished by its specific morphological and chemical features.

Psoromic acid
Psoromic acid is a β-orcinol depsidone with the molecular formula C18H14O8. Its depsidone structure was conclusively confirmed by spectroscopic and degradative studies in 1976. The compound is most commonly found in Antarctic lichens and has demonstrated antiviral properties in laboratory studies. The first total synthesis of this lichen product was reported in 1979.
C. V. Kunhiraman
C. V. Kunhiraman (6 February 1871 – 10 April 1949) was an Indian social reformer, journalist and the founder of Kerala Kaumudi daily. A follower of Sree Narayana Guru, Kunhiraman was the author of a number of books covering the genres of novels, short story, poetry, biographies and essays. He was one of the leaders involved in the Vaikom Satyagraha of Reformation movement in Kerala which led to the Temple Entry Proclamation.

Kumaran Asan
Mahakavi Kumaran Asan (12 April 1871 – 16 January 1924) was a poet of Malayalam literature, Indian social reformer and a philosopher. He is known to have initiated a revolution in Malayalam poetry during the first quarter of the 20th century, transforming it from the metaphysical to the lyrical and his poetry is characterised by its moral and spiritual content, poetic concentration and dramatic contextualisation. He is one of the triumvirate poets of Kerala and a disciple of Sree Narayana Guru. He was awarded the prefix "Mahakavi" in 1922 by the Madras university which means "great poet".
Al-Kazimiyya Mosque
The Kadhimiyya Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد ٱلْكَاظِمِيَّة, romanized: Masjid al-Kāẓimiyya) is a Twelver Shi'ite mosque and shrine located in the Kādhimiya suburb of Baghdad, in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq. It contains the tombs of the seventh and ninth Twelver Shī'ī Imāms, respectively Mūsā al-Kādhim and his grandson Muhammad al-Jawad. Also buried within the premises of this mosque are the historical scholars Shaykh Mufīd and Shaykh Naṣīr ad-Dīn aṭ-Ṭūsi. Directly adjacent to the mosque are two smaller shrines, belonging to the brothers Sayyid Raḍī (who compiled Nahjul-Balāghah) and Sayyid Murtadā and Qadi Abu Yusuf al-Ansari.

Al-Sharif al-Radi
Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad bin al-Ḥusayn bin Mūsā al-Abrash al-Mūsawī al-Qurashi (Arabic: أبُو الحَسَنِ السَّيِّدُ مُحَمَّدٌ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ بنِ مُوْسَى الأبرش المُوسَوِيُّ الهَاشِمِيُّ القُرَشِيُّ; 970 – 1015), also known as al-Sharīf al-Raḍī (Arabic: الشَّرِيْفِ الرَّضِيِّ) was a Shia Muslim scholar and poet of Iraqi descent. Al-Radi wrote several books on Islamic issues and interpretation of the Quran. His most well-known book is Nahj al-Balagha.

His elder brother al-Sharif al-Murtada was also a theologian and poet. His work is still published in the universities of Cairo and Beirut, and is part of the course of Arabic literature.
Same-sex marriage in Coahuila
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Coahuila since 17 September 2014. On 1 September 2014, the Congress of Coahuila approved legislation opening marriage to same-sex couples by 19 votes to 1. The law was signed by Governor Rubén Moreira Valdez, and went into force on 1 September. The passage of the same-sex marriage bill made Coahuila the second Mexican state and the third jurisdiction in Mexico, after Mexico City and Quintana Roo, to legalize same-sex marriage, as well as the first state to do so via legislative means.

Previously, Congress had enacted a law recognizing civil unions for same-sex couples in January 2007. These unions provided some of the rights and benefits of marriage.

Same-sex marriage in Quintana Roo
Same-sex marriage is legal in Quintana Roo. The first two same-sex marriages occurred in Kantunilkín on 28 November 2011 after it was discovered that the Quintana Roo Civil Code did not specify sex or gender requirements for marriage. However, marriages were suspended in January 2012 upon review by the state's Secretary General of Government. The two marriages were annulled by Governor Roberto Borge Angulo in April 2012, but these annulments were reversed by the Secretary General of Government on 3 May. The Secretary's decision allows for future same-sex marriages to be performed in Quintana Roo. Quintana Roo was the first Mexican state, and the second jurisdiction in Mexico after Mexico City, to legalize same-sex marriage.

On 28 September 2021, the Congress of Quintana Roo passed legislation 15–0 recognising same-sex concubinage providing similar rights and obligations as marriage. The law took effect on 23 October 2021.
Escadrille SPA.31
Escadrille 31 of the French Air Force was founded at the beginning of the World War I, on 24 September 1914, at Dijon Air Base. Once equipped with Morane-Saulnier Ns, it was posted to I Armee of the French Army.

Morane-Saulnier N
The Morane-Saulnier N, also known as the Morane-Saulnier Type N, was a French monoplane fighter aircraft of the First World War. Designed and manufactured by Morane-Saulnier, the Type N entered service in April 1915 with the Aéronautique Militaire designated as the MoS-5 C1. It also equipped four squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps, in which it was nicknamed the Bullet, and was operated in limited numbers by the 19th Squadron of the Imperial Russian Air Force.
Kebaya
A kebaya is an upper garment traditionally worn by women in Southeast Asia, notably in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Southern Thailand.

Kebaya is an upper garment opened at the front that is traditionally made from lightweight fabrics such as brocade, cotton, gauze, lace, or voile and sometimes adorned with embroidery. The front is secured with either buttons, pins, or brooches. The lower garment for the outfit is known as sarong, kemben or kain, a long piece of cloth wrapped and tucked around the waist or under the armpits, either made out of batik, ikat, songket or tenun.

Kebaya has become a Southeast Asian fashion icon, with many Southeast Asian flag carrier airlines, including Singapore Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Royal Brunei Airlines, and Garuda Indonesia adopting the traditional clothing as the uniforms for their female flight attendants.

Baju Kurung
Baju Kurung (Jawi: باجو كوروڠ‎) is a traditional attire of Malays and traditionally worn by women in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and southern Thailand. This type of traditional attire is the national dress of Brunei and Malaysia. In Indonesia, this dress is also worn as a regional attire, commonly observed on the island of Sumatra, particularly by the ethnic Malay and Minangkabau women.
UMPB D-30SN
The UMPB D-30SN (in Russian: УМПБ Д-30СН) is a Russian precision guided glide bomb, also known as the "Universal Interspecific Glide Munition". It consists of a folding wing and aerodynamic surfaces on a cruciform tail, enabling it to glide towards its target from greater standoff ranges compared to conventional "dumb" bombs such as the FAB-250. This allows the launching aircraft to engage targets from greater distances, minimizing risk to the aircraft, and reduces sortie times. It uses both GLONASS satellite navigation and internal navigation systems, improving accuracy over extended distances. It is comparable to the US made GBU-39/B.

GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb
The GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) is a 250-pound (110 kg) precision-guided glide bomb that is intended to allow aircraft to carry a greater number of smaller, more accurate bombs. Most US Air Force aircraft will be able to carry (using the BRU-61/A rack) a pack of four SDBs in place of a single 2,000-pound (910 kg) Mark 84 bomb. It first entered service in 2006. The Ground Launched Small Diameter Bomb (GLSDB) was later developed to enable the SDB to be launched from a variety of ground launchers and configurations.
Abdulmumin Jibrin
Abdulmumin Jibrinpronunciationⓘ (born 9 September 1976) is a Nigerian politician, businessman, academic, and member of the Nigerian House of Representatives representing Kiru/Bebeji federal constituency of Kano State He was recently re-elected on the platform of the New Nigerian People Party. He served as the Federal Housing Authority's Executive Director of Research and Innovation Development from October 2021 until May 2022, under President Muhammadu Buhari's administration.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
1997 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 1997 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was played from March 5 to March 8, 1997. The tournament was played at the CoreStates Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  The winner was named champion of the Atlantic 10 Conference and received an automatic bid to the 1997 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. Saint Joseph's defeated Rhode Island in the final to win the tournament. Massachusetts' second round loss to George Washington was their first loss in the conference tournament since 1991. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Temple, and Xavier also received bids to the NCAA Tournament. Rashid Bey of Saint Joseph's was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. Future NBA player Tyson Wheeler of Rhode Island was among those also named to the All-Championship Team.  The top two teams in each division received a first-round bye.

Spectrum (arena)
The Spectrum (later known as CoreStates Spectrum, First Union Spectrum and Wachovia Spectrum) was an indoor arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The arena opened in September 1967 as part of what is now known as the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. After several expansions of its seating capacity, it accommodated 18,168 for basketball and 17,380 for ice hockey, arena football, indoor soccer, and box lacrosse. It was the home arena for the Philadelphia Flyers and the Philadelphia 76ers from 1967 to 1996 before both moved to the CoreStates Center (known as Spectrum II during planning and construction, and currently named Xfinity Mobile Arena). The Spectrum continued to be used for concerts and as the home for other sports teams including a new AHL affiliate for the Flyers, the Philadelphia Phantoms.

The final event at the Spectrum was a Pearl Jam concert on October 31, 2009. The arena was demolished between November 2010 and May 2011.
Michelle Caldier
Michelle L. Downey Caldier Valdez (born 1976) is an American dentist, professor, and politician serving as a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 26th district since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, Caldier Valdez was elected to the Washington House of Representatives in 2014, defeating incumbent Democrat Larry Seaquist. Her district includes the cities of Bremerton, Gig Harbor and Port Orchard.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Valdueza
The Valdueza or Perro Montero Valdueza is a modern Spanish breed of large pack-hound. It results from selective breeding, principally of large rough-haired Podenco Andaluz dogs with lightweight examples of the Mastín Extremeño; some Griffon Vendéen blood was later added. Breeding began in the 1940s; in 2020 the Valdueza was officially recognised by the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, the Spanish ministry of agriculture, and was added to the list of indigenous Spanish breeds. It is not recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

Spanish Mastiff
The Spanish Mastiff or Mastín Español is a breed of mastiff from Spain, originally bred to be a guard dog and whose specialized purpose is to be a livestock guardian dog protecting flocks and/or herds from wolves and other predators.
Malcolm Macdonald (engineer)
Malcolm Macdonald FRAeS FRSA FRSE FREng is a Scottish space technology engineer, academic, and director. He is a Professor and the Chair of Applied Space Technology at the University of Strathclyde, President-elect of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and a visiting professor at University College Dublin. He was Director of the Scottish Centre of Excellence in Satellite Applications, SoXSA, from 2014 - 2020, and a non-executive member of the UK Space Agency Steering Board from 2017 - 2020. He is an acknowledged expert in space research, and is often described in the media as "Scotland's leading space expert".

Royal Aeronautical Society
The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a British multi-disciplinary professional institution dedicated to the global aerospace community. Founded in 1866, it is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Members, Fellows, and Companions of the society can use the post-nominal letters MRAeS, FRAeS, or CRAeS, respectively.
2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group B
Group B of the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consists of six teams: Spain, Belgium, Scotland, Hungary, Kazakhstan, and Malta. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 2 February 2023 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification
The 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification was a men's under-21 national football team competition that determined the 15 teams that joined the automatically qualified hosts Slovakia in the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship final tournament.

Apart from Slovakia, Liechtenstein (dissolved their U21 team until 2025) and Russia (banned), remaining 52 UEFA member national teams entered this qualifying competition. Players born on or after 1 January 2002 were eligible to participate.
Alpha Delta Theta (professional)
Alpha Delta Theta (ΑΔΘ) is an American professional fraternity in the field of medical technology, initially for women. It was formed in1944 by the merger of two local sororities at the University of Minnesota and Marquette University, Previously a national organization, it now operates as a local fraternity at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

University of the Sciences
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (University of the Sciences or USciences), previously Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science (PCPS), was a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On June 1, 2022, it officially merged into Saint Joseph's University.
Wilson Eduardo
Wilson Bruno Naval da Costa Eduardo (born 8 July 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga 3 club Belenenses.

He was developed at Sporting CP, but spent most of his time out on loan. In 2015 he joined Braga, with whom he won the 2015–16 Taça de Portugal and the 2019–20 Taça da Liga. Over nine seasons in the Primeira Liga, where he represented those two clubs and three others, he amassed totals of 197 matches and 51 goals. He also played in the Netherlands, Croatia, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey and Cyprus.

Eduardo played for Portugal at youth level. He switched his allegiance to Angola in 2019, appearing at the year's Africa Cup of Nations.

Portugal national youth football team
The Portugal national youth football teams are the national under-23, under-21, under-20, under-19, under-18, under-17, under-16 and under-15 football teams of Portugal and are controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation. The youth teams of Portugal participate in tournaments sanctioned by both FIFA and UEFA and also participates in world, regional, and local international tournaments.
Magadan Time
Magadan Time (MAGT) (Russian: магада́нское вре́мя, magadanskoye vremya) is a time zone in Russia, named after Magadan, the administrative center of Magadan Oblast. It is 11 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+11) and 8 hours ahead of Moscow Time (MSK+8).

Between 26 October 2014 and 24 April 2016, Magadan Oblast was in UTC+10 (MSK+7), that is Vladivostok Time. During this time, the UTC+11:00 (MSK+8) time zone was named Srednekolymsk Time, and was used by only 27,000 residents in the eastern districts of the Sakha Republic and northern Kuril Islands.

The time in Magadan has been as follows:

Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Far East region of the country, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. Magadan Oblast has a population of 136,085 (2021 Census), making it the least populated oblast and the third-least populated federal subject in Russia.

Magadan is the largest city and the capital of Magadan Oblast with the majority of the oblast's inhabitants living in the city itself. The coastline has a less severe climate than the interiors, although both are relatively cold for their latitudes.

It borders Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the north, Kamchatka Krai in the east, Khabarovsk Krai in the south and the Sakha Republic in the west. The economy is primarily based on mining, particularly gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals.
Coat of arms of Cusco
The coat of arms of Cusco is the official coat of arms of the city of Cusco, Peru, and is also used by the region, the province, and the district with the same name. Its current version was approved by the Provincial Council of Cusco in a solemn session on July 23, 1986.

Provincial Municipality of Cusco
The Provincial Municipality of Cusco is the local governing body of the Cusco Province and the Cusco district. Its headquarters are located in the city of Cusco, which serves as the capital of the province.
UBC Thunderbirds women's basketball
The UBC Thunderbirds women's basketball team represent the University of British Columbia in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association of U Sports women's basketball. The Thunderbirds (originally known as the Thunderettes) have won the Bronze Baby a total of five times, including the first three championships, spanning from 1972 to 1974. The last two national championships took place in 2004 and 2008. Both victories took place against the Regina Cougars. In 2004, the Thunderbirds defeated the Cougars by a 60–53 mark, while the 2008 triumph resulted in a 67–46 final.

Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Canada West (formally the Canada West Universities Athletic Association or CWUAA) is a regional membership association for universities in Western Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media. This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. Canada West is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Atlantic University Sport (AUS), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).