hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electron beam-induced current
Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). It is most commonly used to identify buried junctions or defects in semiconductors, or to examine minority carrier properties. EBIC is similar to cathodoluminescence in that it depends on the creation of electron–hole pairs in the semiconductor sample by the microscope's electron beam. This technique is used in semiconductor failure analysis and solid-state physics.

Cathodoluminescence
Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electromagnetic phenomenon in which electrons impacting on a luminescent material such as a phosphor, cause the emission of photons which may have wavelengths in the visible spectrum. A familiar example is the generation of light by an electron beam scanning the phosphor-coated inner surface of the screen of a television that uses a cathode-ray tube. Cathodoluminescence is the inverse of the photoelectric effect, in which electron emission is induced by irradiation with photons.
2012 F1 Powerboat World Championship
The 2012 UIM F1 H2O World Championship was the 29th season of Formula 1 Powerboat racing. Whilst a provisional calendar consisted of a total of nine rounds, following cancellations, an amended programme of six races, beginning in Doha, Qatar, on 10 March 2012, and ending in Sharjah, UAE, on 7 December 2012 was published by the UIM. At the penultimate race of the year in Abu Dhabi, reigning champion Alex Carella successfully defended his 2011 drivers' title, the Italian becoming a double world champion for the Qatar Team.

2011 F1 Powerboat World Championship
The 2011 UIM F1 H2O World Championship was the 28th season of Formula 1 Powerboat racing. The calendar consisted of seven races, beginning in Doha, Qatar on 5 March 2011, and ending in Sharjah, UAE on 16 December 2011. Italian Alex Carella won the Drivers' World Championship, driving for the Qatar Team.
Coding House
Coding House was a coding bootcamp in Silicon Valley, California. The 14-week-long bootcamp taught students JavaScript and other technologies. Founded in 2014 by Nicholas James, it was ordered shut down in November 2016 by the regulatory agency California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE) for violating California law many times. BPPE denied Coding House's licensing application three times and found that Coding House had engaged in false advertising.

False advertising
False advertising is the act of publishing, transmitting,  and also distributing or otherwise publicly circulating an advertisement containing a false claim, or statement, made intentionally, or recklessly, to promote the sale of property, goods or services. A false advertisement can be classified as deceptive if the advertiser deliberately misleads the consumer, rather than making an unintentional mistake. A number of governments use regulations or other laws and methods to limit false advertising.
Fort Shawnee, Ohio
Fort Shawnee is census-designated place (CDP) in Allen County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,263 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Lima, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. Fort Shawnee is adjacent to the city of Lima and the village of Cridersville in Auglaize County. In 2012, village residents voted to disincorporate the village.  According to the United States Census Bureau, the village had a total area of 7.25 square miles (18.78 km2), of which 7.21 square miles (18.67 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) is water.

Lima, Ohio
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/ LY-mə) is a city in Allen County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 35,579 at the 2020 census. The city is located in northwest Ohio along Interstate 75, approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of Dayton, 78 miles (126 km) southwest of Toledo, and 63 mi (101 km) southeast of Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Lima was founded in 1831. It is the principal city of the Lima metropolitan area, which had 102,000 residents in 2020 and is included in the Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta combined statistical area. The Lima Army Tank Plant, officially called the Joint Systems Manufacturing Center, was built in 1941 and is the sole producer of the M1 Abrams tank.
Echelon (warez)
Echelon is a warez group which specializes in the illegal release and distribution of copyrighted console games, such as Dreamcast and PlayStation 2 ISO images. They also created demos on both platforms.

Between September 4, 2000, and April 30, 2002, Echelon's Dreamcast division released 188 game titles and 34 other various fixes, tutorials, trainers, and loaders.

On December 19, 2001, Echelon released Final Fantasy X as their first of several hundred PlayStation 2 titles. As of 2007, Echelon continues to release games for the PS2 platform.

In 2004, Echelon was named as one of six groups targeted as part of Operation Fastlink by the United States Department of Justice.

On November 15, 2005, Echelon's Dragon Quest VIII USA PS2 nfo file stated that Echelon was indeed Kalisto: We errr Kalisto released it on November 2nd 2001 as Dragon_Warrior_VII_USA_PS1-KALISTO, referring to the previous game in the series and the nfo ended with -- the dragon warrior of KALiSTO.

Warez
Warez refers to pirated software and other copyrighted digital media—such as video games, movies, music, and e-books—illegally distributed online, often after bypassing digital rights management (DRM). The term, derived from "software", is pronounced like "wares" (/ˈwɛərz/). Warez is typically shared via peer-to-peer networks, file-hosting services, and IRC. The global community involved is known as The Scene. Warez culture dates back to the 1980s and remains embedded in online communities. Its distribution generally violates copyright law and continues to raise legal and ethical concerns.
Hu Zhongming
Hu Zhongming (Chinese: 胡中明; pinyin: Hú Zhōngmíng; born January 1964) is an admiral (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) who has been the commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy since December 2023. He previously served as commander of the North Sea Fleet and deputy commander of the Northern Theater Command from December 2019 to December 2021 and the Chief of Staff of the PLA Navy from December 2021 to December 2023.

North Sea Fleet
The North Sea Fleet (NSF; 北海舰队), concurrently the Northern Theater Command Navy (北部战区海军), is one of the three fleets of China's People's Liberation Army Navy. Headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, the fleet provides naval forces to the Northern Theater Command.

In September 1950, the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou (Port Arthur), the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou.

The fleet currently includes China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, as well as nuclear-powered attack and missile submarines.

The North Sea Fleet was historically the most capable of the Navy's three fleets, being the first in China to operate destroyers, shore-based missiles and nuclear submarines. In recent years however, the shift in strengthening of importance and strategic capabilities of the East and South Sea Fleets are more prioritised.
2021 Goodyear 400
The 2021 Goodyear 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race was held on May 9, 2021, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested over 293 laps on the 1.366-mile (2.198 km) egg-shaped oval, it was the 12th race of the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series season, and the 65th running of the race.

Darlington, South Carolina
Darlington is a city located in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Darlington had a population of 6,149. It is the county seat of Darlington County. It is part of the Florence, South Carolina metropolitan area.

Darlington is known for its Darlington Oak and Spanish moss. Darlington is home to the famous Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500 race on Labor Day weekend as well as a 400-mile spring race. It is also the site of the National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) Hall of Fame. Darlington is also a center for tobacco farming.

Darlington is located 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Florence and 76 miles (122 km) northeast of the state capital, Columbia.
Blondes at Work
Blondes at Work is a 1938 American comedy mystery film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Glenda Farrell and Barton MacLane. It is the fourth film in a series of Torchy Blane movies by Warner Bros. Pictures. Released on February 6, 1938, it is followed by Torchy Blane in Panama (1938).

The film focuses on the actions undertaken by Torchy to evade the efforts of Lieutenant Steve McBride to keep her from using inside information to "scoop" rival newspapers on the progress of police investigations.

Glenda Farrell
Glenda Farrell (June 30, 1904 – May 1, 1971) was an American actress. Farrell personified the smart and sassy, wisecracking blonde of the Classic Hollywood films. Her career spanned more than 50 years, and she appeared in numerous Broadway plays, films and television series. She won an Emmy Award in 1963 for Outstanding Supporting Actress for her performance as Martha Morrison in the medical drama television series Ben Casey.

Farrell began acting on stage as a child and continued with various theatre companies and on Broadway before signing with Warner Bros. A signature 1930s Warner Bros. star, Farrell appeared in films such as Little Caesar (1931), I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932), Mystery of the Wax Museum (1933) and Lady for a Day (1933). After leaving Warner Bros. in 1939, Farrell remained active in film, television and theatre throughout the rest of her career.
Impact (record label)
Impact was a New Zealand record label which released records by, among others,  Erana Clark, Ray Columbus, Allison Durbin, Gerry Merito, Lew Pryme, Bunny Walters, Ray Woolf, Larry's Rebels and Golden Harvest. The label started releasing records in 1966 and continued throughout the 1970s.

Gerry Merito
Gerald Kereti Merito (16 August 1938 – 26 January 2009), was a New Zealand singer and guitarist, and one of the original members of the Howard Morrison Quartet.

Merito was born in 1938 in Whakatāne on his family farm and was a Tuhoe tribe member.

In 1999, Merito received the Benny Award from the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand Inc, the highest honour available to a New Zealand variety entertainer.

He died aged 70, after playing at the Waihau Hotel. Merito has two sons, Daniel and Ben with his wife Dorothy Ohlson.
Dokhaharan lake
Dokhaharan lake also known as Dokhaharoon lake (which means two sisters lake) is a lake located on western hillside of Mount Damavand. This name is because of nearby mounts, named Dokhaharan.

It is located in Larijan District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province. Road 77 (Iran) passes by this lake. Lake is located 3880 meters higher than sea level and its primary inflow is melted snows on the nearby mounts. This lake is not very deep.

Mount Damavand
Mount Damavand (Persian: دماوند [dæmɒːvænd] ⓘ) is a dormant stratovolcano in Iran. It is the highest peak in Iran and Western Asia, the highest volcano in Asia, and the 3rd highest volcano in the Eastern Hemisphere (after Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Elbrus), at an elevation of 5,609 metres (18,402 ft). Damāvand has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore. It is in the middle of the Alborz range, adjacent to Varārū, Sesang, Gol-e Zard, and Mīānrūd. It is near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, in Amol County, Mazandaran Province, 66 km (41 mi) northeast of the city of Tehran.

Mount Damāvand is the 12th most prominent peak in the world and is part of the Volcanic Seven Summits mountaineering challenge.
Baire function
In mathematics, Baire functions are functions obtained from continuous functions by transfinite iteration of the operation of forming pointwise limits of sequences of functions. They were introduced by René-Louis Baire in 1899. A Baire set is a set whose characteristic function is a Baire function.

Nowhere continuous function
In mathematics, a nowhere continuous function, also called an everywhere discontinuous function, is a function that is not continuous at any point of its domain. If  is a function from real numbers to real numbers, then  is nowhere continuous if for each point  there is some  such that for every  we can find a point  such that  and . Therefore, no matter how close it gets to any fixed point, there are even closer points at which the function takes not-nearby values.

More general definitions of this kind of function can be obtained, by replacing the absolute value by the distance function in a metric space, or by using the definition of continuity in a topological space.
Tor sinensis
Tor sinensis, the Chinese or Red mahseer is a species of mahseer native to the Mekong River. It is known with certainty only from Yunnan, China; reports from Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand require confirmation.
It is one of four currently valid species described from China, the others being Tor laterivittatus (dark-striped mahseer), Tor polylepis (multi-scaled mahseer), and Tor yingjiangensis (Yingjiang mahseer).

Tor yingjiangensis
Tor yingjiangensis, the Yingjiang mahseer, is a species of cyprinid of the genus Tor. It inhabits China's Yunnan province. Considered harmless to humans, it has a maximum length of 18.1 cm (7.1 in). It is considered "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List.
Sandflow
Sandflow is a 1937 American Western film directed by Lesley Selander and written by Frances Guihan. The film stars Buck Jones, Lita Chevret, Bob Kortman, Arthur Aylesworth, Bob Terry and Enrique de Rosas. The film was released on February 14, 1937, by Universal Pictures.

Buck Jones
Buck Jones (born Charles Frederick Gebhart; December 12, 1891 – November 30, 1942) was an American actor, known for his work in many popular Western movies. In his early film appearances, he was credited as Charles Jones.
Nekketsu Fighting Legend
Nekketsu Fighting Legend (Nekketsu Kakutō Densetsu 熱血格闘伝説, lit. "Hot Blooded Fighting Legend") is a 1992 tournament-style fighting game developed and published by Technōs Japan in Japan for the Family Computer on December 23, 1992. It is a spin-off of the Kunio-kun series, as well as Technōs Japan's first attempt in the genre since their port of their Double Dragon arcade game on the same platform. Technōs Japan later became better known for its Neo Geo titles, such as Double Dragon fighting game and Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer.

It is also the first fighting game to allow up to four players to play simultaneously against each other. In order for more than two players to play, a multitap (like the 4-Players Adaptor by Hori) is required.

Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer
Voltage Fighter Gowcaizer is a 1995 superhero-themed fighting game produced by Technos Japan Corp. for the Neo Geo arcade and home console including Neo Geo CD. It was the company's second attempt at a fighting game, following the Neo Geo fighting game version of Double Dragon. It features character designs by artist Masami Ōbari, who previously worked on the anime adaptations of the Fatal Fury series and would later work on the short anime adaptation of The King of Fighters XV. The game was ported to the PlayStation in Japan only.
1865 (podcast)
1865 is a historical fiction podcast produced by Airship and Wondery and written by Steven Walters as well as Erik Archilla with Lindsay Graham as the executive producer. The show follows Edwin Stanton in the wake of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Wondery
Wondery is an American podcast network and publisher of podcasts including American History Tellers, Dr. Death, Business Wars and The Shrink Next Door. Wondery was founded in 2016 by entrepreneur and media executive Hernan Lopez. The company was launched with backing from 20th Century Fox (now 20th Century Studios). In late 2020, it was announced that Wondery had been purchased by Amazon Music.

Several of Wondery's podcasts have been adapted for television, including Dirty John. Wondery has two premium subscription options, Wondery+ and Wondery+ Kids.
The Guitar Genius
The Guitar Genius is the twenty-second studio album by American guitarist Chet Atkins, released in 1963. It was reissued on CD in 1999. It was also reissued on CD along with And His Guitar in 2004. Five vocal tracks by Atkins' brother Jim were from an unreleased 1958 album to be titled My Brother Sings. That album was later released by Sundazed Music with the original RCA Victor cover art and label in 2015.

Sundazed Music
Sundazed Music is an American independent record label founded and based in Coxsackie, New York. It was initially known as a 1960s-centric surf, garage, and psych label. Over time with the additions of imprints such as Modern Harmonic, Americana Anthropology, Beat Rocket, Dot Matrix Recordings, and Liberty Spike Recordings, their reach spans most genres and many decades while still firmly rooted as an archival label.
Edward Everett Cox
Edward Everett Cox (December 29, 1867 – April 1, 1931) was an American newspaper publisher who started Blackford County's first daily newspaper in Hartford City, Indiana. He is "considered one of the most influential forces in journalism" in Blackford County, and was a strong supporter of the Democratic Party. Serving as publisher and sometimes as editor of his newspaper, he also spent time as chairman of the eleventh congressional district, county chairman of the Democratic Party, member of the school board, and postmaster. His newspapers were a "voice" for the Democratic Party for nearly 40 years.

Postmaster
A postmaster is the head of an individual post office, responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office.  When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. 
Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. The postmaster is the representative of the Postmaster General in that post office.

In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster.
Nigel Ng
Nigel Ng (/ʌŋ/ ⓘ UNG; Chinese: 黃瑾瑜; born March 15, 1991) is a Malaysian comedian and YouTuber based in the United States. He is best known for co-creating (alongside Evelyn Mok) and portraying Uncle Roger, a fictionalized alter ego of himself, representing a stereotypical middle-aged Chinese uncle with an exaggerated Cantonese accent who is often seen critiquing Westerners' attempts at cooking Asian food.

Alter ego
An alter ego (Latin for "other I") means an alternate self, which is believed to be distinct from a person's normal or true original personality. Finding one's alter ego will require finding one's other self, one with a different personality. Additionally, the altered states of the ego may themselves be referred to as alterations.

A distinct meaning of alter ego is found in the literary analysis used when referring to fictional literature and other narrative forms, describing a key character in a story who is perceived to be intentionally representative of the work's author (or creator), by oblique similarities, in terms of psychology, behaviour, speech, or thoughts, often used to convey the author's thoughts. The term is also sometimes, but less frequently, used to designate a hypothetical "twin" or "best friend" to a character in a story. Similarly, the term alter ego may be applied to the role or persona taken on by an actor or by other types of performers.
Kullervo (Madetoja)
Kullervo, Op. 15, is a symphonic poem (sinfoninen runoelma) for orchestra written in 1913 by Finnish composer Leevi Madetoja. The piece premiered on 14 October 1913 with Madetoja conducting the Helsinki Philharmonic Society.

Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra
The Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra (Finnish: Helsingin kaupunginorkesteri; Swedish: Helsingfors stadsorkester; literal English translation: Helsinki City Orchestra; commonly abbreviated as HPO) is an orchestra based in Helsinki, Finland.  Founded in 1882 by Robert Kajanus, the Philharmonic Orchestra was the first permanent orchestra in the Nordic countries. Today, its primary concert venue is the Helsinki Music Centre; the current chief conductor is Jukka-Pekka Saraste, who has held his post since the start of the 2023–24 season..
Hussain Al-Qahtani
Hussain Al-Qahtani (Arabic: حسين القحطاني, born 20 December 1994) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Al-Diriyah. He has also played for the Saudi Arabia national team.

Diriyah Club
Diriyah Club is a Saudi Arabian professional football based in Diriyah, in Riyadh Province of Saudi Arabia. that competes in the Saudi First Division League, the Second tier of the Saudi football league system.
Priceless (song)
"Priceless" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring Thai rapper and singer Lisa. It was released through 222 Records and Interscope Records on May 2, 2025, as the lead single from the band's eighth studio album Love Is Like (2025). A pop song with funk influences, it was produced by lead singer Adam Levine and bassist Sam Farrar from the band, Federico Vindver, JKash, and Mailbox; the former four wrote it alongside Lisa, Michael Pollack, Ali Tamposi, and Rhea Raj. It is the band's first single in almost two years since "Middle Ground", which was released on May 19, 2023.

Rhea Raj
Rhea Rajagopalan (born April 5, 2000), known professionally as Rhea Raj, is an American singer-songwriter. She is a Songwriters Hall of Fame scholarship award winner for 2020, and is the Spotify x Gold House Artist of the Year winner for 2023. She released her first album, Hunter, in 2024.
Ulf Schmidt
Ulf "Uffe" Christian Johan Schmidt (born 12 July 1934) is a former Swedish tennis player. He competed for AIK from Stockholm.

He won 14 singles' tournaments, among them the International Swedish Championships in Båstad in 1957 and 1961. In 1958 he and Sven Davidson won the doubles event in Wimbledon after defeating the top seeds Ashley Cooper and Neale Fraser in the final. They were the only Swedish winners before the Borg era.

His best singles result at a Grand Slam tournament was reaching the semifinal at the 1958 U.S. National Championships. Schmidt was unseeded and defeated third-seeded Ham Richardson in the fourth round before losing to first-seeded Mal Anderson in the semifinal. At the Wimbledon Championships he reached the quarterfinals in 1956 and 1957.

Schmidt was ranked World No. 8 for 1958 by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph (and No. 10 in 1961).

He played 102 Davis Cup matches for Sweden (1955–1964) and won 66 of them.

Ashley Cooper (tennis)
Ashley John Cooper AO (15 September 1936 – 22 May 2020) was an Australian tennis player who played between 1953 and 1968. He was ranked as the world's No. 1 amateur player during the years of 1957 and 1958. Cooper won four singles and four doubles titles at Grand Slam tournaments. He won three of the four Grand Slam events in 1958. He turned professional in 1959. Cooper won the Slazenger Professional Championships tournament in 1959. He won the Grand Prix de Europe professional tour of Europe in 1960. Cooper won the European Cup professional tour of Europe in 1962. He retired from tennis play at the end of 1962 due to injury.