hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Relative convex hull
In discrete geometry and computational geometry, the relative convex hull or geodesic convex hull is an analogue of the convex hull for the points inside a simple polygon or a rectifiable simple closed curve.

Simple polygon
In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting of finitely many line segments. These polygons include as special cases the convex polygons, star-shaped polygons, and monotone polygons.

The sum of external angles of a simple polygon is . Every simple polygon with  sides can be triangulated by  of its diagonals, and by the art gallery theorem its interior is visible from some  of its vertices.

Simple polygons are commonly seen as the input to computational geometry problems, including point in polygon testing, area computation, the convex hull of a simple polygon, triangulation, and Euclidean shortest paths.

Other constructions in geometry related to simple polygons include Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, used to find conformal maps involving simple polygons, polygonalization of point sets, constructive solid geometry formulas for polygons, and visibility graphs of polygons.
Santa María-class frigate
The Santa María class of guided missile frigates is the Spanish Navy's designation for six warships based on the United States Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates. Spanish ships have a slightly bigger beam and were built with a greater weight reserve for future improvements. Other changes from the basic model include Meroka replacing Phalanx and a RAN-12L air search radar to provide low horizon coverage against sea skimmers cueing the Meroka CIWS mount. The Nettunel EW suite (based on the Italian Nettuno built in Spain) replaced the SLQ-32 system fitted aboard US ships. The first ship Santa Maria entered service in 1986.

They are expected to be replaced by the new Bonifaz class starting around 2028.

Close-in weapon system
A close-in weapon system (CIWS /ˈsiːwɪz/ SEE-wiz) is a point-defense weapon system for detecting and destroying short-range incoming missiles and enemy aircraft which have penetrated the outer defenses, typically mounted on a naval ship. Nearly all classes of larger modern warships along with many other warships are equipped with some kind of CIWS device.

There are mainly three types of CIWS systems: gun-based CIWS, missile-based CIWS, and hybrid gun- and missile-based CIWS. A gun-based CIWS usually consists of a combination of radars, computers, and rapid-firing multiple-barrel rotary cannons placed on a rotating turret.  Missile-based CIWSs use either infra-red, passive radar/ESM, or semi-active radar terminal guidance to guide missiles to the targeted enemy aircraft or other threats.  In some cases, CIWS are used on land to protect military bases.  In this case, the CIWS can also protect the base from shell and rocket fire.
Maskne
Maskne (pronounced mask-nee and sometimes spelled mask-ne or mascne) is a portmanteau of "mask" and "acne". The term appeared in use during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 to refer to acne and other rashes of the face that occur in association with mask wearing. The findings are observational only and related to pressure, occlusion and friction. It is likely that several are perioral dermatitis, rosacea, seborrheic   dermatitis,  folliculitis, irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis, and acne mechanica. In one article, maskne is observed to be caused by increase of humidity in the occluded area and sebum being secreted, increasing the amount of squalene on the skin. This, along with excess sweating lead to the swelling of epidermal keratinocytes, causing acute obstruction and acne aggravation. The hot and humid environment in which maskne is induced is also apparent with tropical acne. The best treatment for maskne is to avoid wearing a mask.

Acne mechanica
Acne mechanica is an acneiform eruption that has been observed after repetitive physical trauma to the skin such as rubbing, occurring from clothing (belts and straps) or sports equipment (football helmets and shoulder pads).: 499  In addition to those mechanisms, the skin not getting enough exposure to air also contributes to the formation of acne mechanica. It is often mistaken as a rash that forms on sweaty skin that is constantly being rubbed, but in reality, it is a breakout of acne mechanica. The term "acne" itself describes the occurrence in which hair follicles (also known as pores) in the skin get clogged by oil, dead skin cells, dirt and bacteria, or cosmetic products and create a pimple. Pimples can vary in type, size, and shape, but the sole basis of them occurring is the same - the oil gland in the pore becomes clogged and sometimes infected, which creates pus in order to fight the infection and subsequently causes the development of swollen, red lesions on the skin.
Jeanne des Anges
Jeanne des Anges, also known as Jeanne de Belcier (2 February 1602 – 29 January 1665), was a French Ursuline nun in Loudun, France. She became mother superior of the convent at a young age, but is chiefly remembered as a central figure in the case of the possessed of Loudun in 1632, which led, after witch trials, to the burning at the stake of the priest Urbain Grandier two years later.

Death by burning
Death by burning, also called immolation, is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire, also known as a burnt offering. The word derives from the ancient Greek holokaustos, the form of sacrifice in which the victim was reduced to ash, as distinguished from an animal sacrifice that resulted in a communal meal.

There are documented executions by burning as early as the 18th century BC and as recently as 2016.
2019–20 PSA World Tour
The 2019–20 PSA World Tour is the international squash tour organised circuit organized by the Professional Squash Association (PSA) for the 2019–20 squash season. It's the 5th PSA season since the merger of PSA and WSA associations in 2015.

The most important tournaments in the series are the Men's and Women's PSA World Championship. The tour also features two circuits of regular events - PSA World Tour (formerly PSA World Series), which feature the highest prize money and the best fields; and PSA Challenger Tour with prize money ranging $5,500–$30,000. In the middle of the year, the PSA World Tour tour is concluded by the Men's and Women's PSA World Tour Finals in Cairo, the season-ending championships for the top 8 rated players from World Tour level tournaments.

2019–20 PSA Men's World Squash Championship
The 2019–20 PSA Men's World Squash Championship was the 2019–20 men's edition of the World Squash Championships, which serves as the individual world championship for squash players. The event took place in Doha, Qatar from 8 to 15 November 2019.
TEX55
Testis expressed 55 (TEX55) is a human protein that is encoded by the C3orf30 gene located on the forward strand of human chromosome three, open reading frame 30 (3q13.32). TEX55 (accession number: NM_152539.3) is also known as Testis-specific conserved, cAMP-dependent type II PK anchoring protein (TSCPA), and uncharacterized protein C3orf30.

Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinases whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not be confused with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase).
Maddalena Carini
Maddalena Carini (1 March 1917 – 26 January 1998) was an Italian Roman Catholic and the founder of the Famiglia dell'Ave Maria, a lay association whose chief aim is to bring close those who are distant. Carini is best known for her miraculous cure in Lourdes from tuberculosis that she had had since she was a child – a miracle that received the approval of the Archbishop of Milan Giovanni Battista Montini, the future Pope Paul VI.

Carini's cure in 1948 made her the first Italian woman who was cured at Lourdes and whose case was accepted as a miraculous healing.

The beatification process commenced on 11 April 2014, and she became titled as a Servant of God.

Archdiocese of Milan
The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese. It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory. Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe, and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.
Luckyhorse Industries
Luckyhorse Industries is an independent record label and producer of music related artifacts and art, established in Seattle, Washington in 2001 by musician James Bertram. Bertram has played guitar, bass, and keyboards with Lync, Built to Spill, Beck, Red Stars Theory, Pennsy's Electric Workhorses, 764-Hero, and Amy Blaschke. Luckyhorse  works with Modest Mouse, The Fleet Foxes, The Fiery Furnaces, Tiny Vipers, The Cave Singers, Love as Laughter, The Murder City Devils, Minus the Bear, and The Blood Brothers.

Love as Laughter
Love as Laughter was an American indie rock band from Olympia, Washington. The band was formed in 1994 by vocalist and guitarist Sam Jayne as a solo project following the break-up of his previous band, Lync. In 2008, the band signed with Isaac Brock's label Glacial Pace and released the album Holy. At the time, the band featured Jayne, Ivan Berko on bass, Zeke Howard on drums, Andy Macleod on guitar and Robbie Lee on keyboards. Jayne was found dead on December 15, 2020, at the age of 46.
WRSL
WRSL (1600 AM) was a radio station licensed to Corbin, Kentucky, United States, broadcasting a Southern gospel format. The station was owned by Lincoln-Garrard Broadcasting Co., Inc., and broadcast from 1961 to 2017. The station moved to Corbin in 2004 after 43 years of broadcasting from Stanford, Kentucky.

The station's license was surrendered on December 15, 2017, and cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on February 26, 2018.

Stanford, Kentucky
Stanford is a home rule-class city in Lincoln County, Kentucky, United States. It is one of the oldest settlements in Kentucky, having been founded in 1775. Its population was 3,487 at the 2010 census and an estimated 3,702 in 2024. It is the county seat of Lincoln County. Stanford is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Crash Your Party
"Crash Your Party" is a song by pop-rap duo Karmin. It was written by the duo, with Heather Bright, Kelly Sheehan and Harr and Jackson, with the latter two serving as producers. By late 2011, the single got moderate responses from radio stations. The song was first promoted by radio on October 28, 2011, and was then available for digital download on October 30.

The Runners (production duo)
The Runners are an American electronic and hip hop production duo from Orlando, Florida, consisting of Andrew "Dru Brett" Harr and Jermaine "Mayne Zane" Jackson. Formed in 2000, their foray into musical production was inspired by Timbaland and the Neptunes. Their trademark is an exhale sound effect echoing "Ahhh" at the beginning of their productions.

The duo first became known for their credits on the 2006 single "Hustlin'" by Rick Ross and the 2008 single "Go Hard" by DJ Khaled, and gained further recognition for their extensive work on releases for both artists. They have since produced songs for artists including  Keyshia Cole, Cher Lloyd, Ace Hood, Chris Brown, Fat Joe, Juelz Santana, Nelly, Kevin Gates, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Fabolous and Usher. Their production often accomplishes songwriting from Kevin Cossom or Rico Love, while they often work in tandem with fellow Florida-based producer acts DJ Nasty & LVM, the Monarch and Cubic Z.
North American power transmission grid
The electrical power grid that powers Northern America is not a single grid, but is instead divided into multiple wide area synchronous grids. The Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection are the largest. Three other regions include the Texas Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnection. Each region delivers power at a nominal 60 Hz frequency.

The regions are not usually directly connected or synchronized to each other, but there exist some HVDC interconnectors. The Eastern and Western grids are connected via seven links that allow 1.32 GW to flow between them. A study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that increasing these interconnections would save energy costs.

Interconnector
An interconnector (also known as a DC tie in the USA) is a structure which enables high-voltage DC electricity to flow between electrical grids, connecting separate AC networks, or linking synchronous grids. It may be formed of submarine power cables, underground power cables or overhead power lines.

The longest interconnection as of July 2022 was the 2,210 km (1,370 mi) Hami - Zhengzhou delivering 8 GW of high voltage direct current power. The longest proposed connector is the 3,800 km (2,400 mi), 3.6 GW Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project.
Mode 13h
Mode 13h is the standard 256-color mode on VGA graphics hardware introduced in 1987 with the IBM PS/2. It has a resolution of 320 × 200 pixels.  "13h" refers to the number of the mode in the VGA BIOS. The "h" stands for hexadecimal.

Mode 13h provides programmers with a linear 320 × 200 block of video memory, where each byte represents one pixel. This allows ease of programming at the expense of access to other useful features of the VGA hardware.

Given the aspect ratio of a 320 × 200 resolution screen for use on a 4:3 display, Mode 13h does not have square pixels.

Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal (hex for short) is a positional numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 16. For the most common convention, a digit is represented as "0" to "9" like for decimal and as a letter of the alphabet from "A" to "F" (either upper or lower case) for the digits with decimal value 10 to 15.

As typical computer hardware is binary in nature and that hex is power of 2, the hex representation is often used in computing as a dense representation of binary information. A hex digit represents 4 contiguous bits –known as a nibble. An 8-bit byte is two hex digits, such as 2C.

Special notation is often used to indicate that a number is hex. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 491 would be expressed in hex as 1EB16. In computer programming, various notations are used. In C and many related languages, the prefix 0x is used. For example, 0x1EB.
Samuel Hinga Norman
Samuel Hinga Norman (January 1, 1940 – February 22, 2007) was a Sierra Leonean politician from the Mende tribe. He was the founder and leader of the Civil Defence Forces, commonly known as the Kamajors. The Kamajors supported the government of Ahmed Tejan Kabbah against the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), which was led by Foday Sankoh. On 7 March 2003 Hinga Norman was indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone for war crimes and crimes against humanity. He died on 22 February 2007 in Dakar, Senegal while undergoing medical treatment.

Revolutionary United Front
The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) was a rebel group that fought a failed eleven-year war in Sierra Leone, beginning in 1991 and ending in 2002. It later transformed into a political party, which still exists today.  The three most senior surviving leaders, Issa Sesay, Morris Kallon, and Augustine Gbao, were convicted in February 2009 of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Nobahle Mdelwa
Nobahle Mdelwa (born 26 June 2008) is a South African soccer player who plays as a forward for SAFA Women's League club Lindelani Ladies and the South Africa women's national team.

In 2024 she became the first player to represent South Africa at under-17, under-20, and senior level in a calendar year.

South Africa women's national under-20 soccer team
The South Africa women's national under-20 soccer team (Basetsana), is a youth football (soccer) team, which represents South Africa and is controlled by the South African Football Association, the governing body for football in South Africa. The team's main objective is to qualify and play at the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and develop players for the main national team Banyana Banyana.
HMS Monarch (1911)
HMS Monarch was the second of four Orion-class dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the early 1910s. She spent the bulk of her career assigned to the Home and Grand Fleets. Aside from participating in the failed attempt to intercept the German ships that had bombarded Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby in late 1914, the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 and the inconclusive action of 19 August, her service during World War I generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.

After the Grand Fleet was dissolved in early 1919, Monarch was transferred back to the Home Fleet for a few months before she was assigned to the Reserve Fleet. The ship was listed for disposal in mid-1922, but was hulked for use as a stationary training ship. In late 1923 Monarch was converted into a target ship and sunk in early 1925.

Grand Fleet
The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.
Gynacantha nervosa
Gynacantha nervosa, the twilight darner, is a species of darner in the dragonfly family Aeshnidae. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America.

The IUCN conservation status of Gynacantha nervosa is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

Aeshnidae
Aeshnidae, also called aeshnids, hawkers, or darners, is a family of dragonflies, found nearly worldwide, with more than 50 genera and over 450 species.

The family includes some of the largest dragonflies, and can be over three inches long.
2028 Philippine Senate election
The 2028 Philippine Senate election will be the 36th election of members to the Senate of the Philippines. It is scheduled to be held on May 8, 2028, within the 2028 Philippine general election. The seats of the 12 senators elected in 2022 were going to be contested in this election. The senators who will be elected in this election will serve until 2034, joining the winners of the 2025 election to form the Senate's delegation to the 21st Congress of the Philippines, with the senators elected in 2025 serving until 2031.

2028 Philippine presidential election
A presidential election  in the Philippines is scheduled to be held on May 8, 2028, as part of a general election that will also determine the control of the Congress of the Philippines and numerous local positions in the country. This will be the 18th direct presidential election and 16th vice presidential election in the country since 1935, and will be the seventh sextennial presidential and vice presidential election since 1992.

Incumbent president Bongbong Marcos is term-limited under the Constitution of the Philippines and is ineligible for re-election. Incumbent vice president Sara Duterte is eligible for re-election to a second term but has decided to run for president instead. Therefore, this election will determine the 18th president and the 16th vice president. The president and vice president are elected separately, thus, the two winning candidates may come from different political parties.
Louis Roeder
Louis Roeder (28 January 1835 – 20 February 1918) was a prominent German-American blacksmith, businessman, and politician who played a significant role in shaping early Los Angeles. Known for his pioneering efforts in land development and his term on the Los Angeles Common Council, Roeder's legacy extends across various aspects of the city's growth, particularly in the fields of real estate and civic leadership.

Los Angeles Common Council
The Los Angeles Common Council was the predecessor of the Los Angeles, California, City Council. It was formed in 1850 under state law, when the city had only 1,610 residents, and it existed until 1889, when the city had about 50,400 residents and a city charter was put into effect. It succeeded the council of the Ciudad de Los Angeles.

From 1850 through 1869, council members were elected at large under a first-past-the-post voting system, in which the top vote-getters were seated. From 1870 they were elected by electoral districts called wards.
Buvik Municipality
Buvik is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. Buvik existed from 1855 until 1965. The municipality encompassed the extreme northeastern part of what is now Skaun Municipality in Trøndelag county. It encompassed the roughly 25-square-kilometre (9.7 sq mi) area surrounding the Vigda river south of the Gaulosen fjord. The administrative centre was located in the village of Buvika.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) municipality was the 488th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Buvik Municipality was the 468th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,292. The municipality's population density was 46.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (119/sq mi) and its population had increased by 5.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Gaulosen
Gaulosen is a fjord in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi) long fjord is an arm off the large Trondheimsfjorden. The fjord forms the border between Trondheim Municipality, Skaun Municipality, and Melhus Municipality. The river Gaula flows into the fjord at Øysand.

This is the only major river delta in southern Norway that has not been affected by land reclamation, and has been used as an industrial area and airport. However, there has been no shortage of plans throughout history to exploit the area. During World War II, the Germans planned to build a large city, Neu-Drontheim at Øysand and in Leinstrand. You can still see the remains of a submarine harbor in Buvikberga between Øysand and Buvika. There are now four nature reserves and a landscape conservation area here.
Dave Langevin
David Richard Langevin (born May 15, 1954) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 216 games for the Edmonton Oilers in the World Hockey Association (WHA) as well as 513 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings between 1977 and 1987. He is a member of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame.

United States Hockey Hall of Fame
The United States Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1973 with the goal of preserving the history of ice hockey in the United States while recognizing the extraordinary contributions of select players, coaches, administrators, officials and teams. It is located in Eveleth, Minnesota, an iron mining town in northern Minnesota.