hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Istihsan
Istiḥsān (Arabic: ‏اِسْتِحْسَان‎ [is.tiːħ.saːn]) is an Arabic term for juristic discretion. In its literal sense it means "to consider something good". Muslim scholars may use it to express their preference for particular judgements in  Islamic law over other possibilities. It is one of the principles of legal thought underlying scholarly interpretation or ijtihad.

A number of disputes existed amongst the classical jurists over this principle with the Hanafi school of jurisprudence and its jurists (fuqahah) adopting this as a secondary source. It is not the same thing as istislah, which plays a prominent part in other schools, including Maliki school, or istihlal, which is a derisive term for deeming something forbidden as permissible.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Stroubles Creek
Stroubles Creek is an approximately 12-mile-long (19 km) stream that runs through the town of Blacksburg, the Virginia Tech campus, and Montgomery County, Virginia until it empties into the New River. Most of the sections of Stroubles Creek that flow through Blacksburg and the Virginia Tech campus are piped underground, while the portion that flows through Montgomery County is above-ground. Stroubles Creek has been designated an impaired waterway since 2002.

Total maximum daily load
A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is a regulatory term in the U.S. Clean Water Act, describing a plan for restoring impaired waters that identifies the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive while still meeting water quality standards.
Bill Frindall
William Howard Frindall, MBE (3 March 1939 – 30 January 2009) was an English cricket scorer and statistician, who was familiar to cricket followers as a member of the Test Match Special commentary team on BBC radio. He was nicknamed the Bearded Wonder (shortened to Bearders) by Brian Johnston for his ability to research the most obscure cricketing facts in moments, while continuing to keep perfect scorecards and because he had a beard. Angus Fraser described Frindall as "the doyen of cricket scorers" in his obituary in The Independent.

John Arlott
Leslie Thomas John Arlott, OBE (25 February 1914 – 14 December 1991) was an English journalist, author and cricket commentator for the BBC's Test Match Special. He was also a poet and wine connoisseur. With his poetic phraseology, he became a cricket commentator noted for his "wonderful gift for evoking cricketing moments" by the BBC.
David Stearns
David Stearns (born February 18, 1985) is an American baseball executive who serves as the president of baseball operations for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously served in the same role for the Milwaukee Brewers. When Stearns became the general manager of the Brewers in 2015 at age 30, he was the youngest general manager in Major League Baseball. Stearns has also served as the assistant general manager of MLB's Houston Astros and has worked for the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball, the Arizona Fall League, and the Cleveland Indians. He has been with the Mets since 2024.

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
WAXY (AM)
WAXY (790 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to South Miami, Florida, with a Spanish adult contemporary and conservative talk radio format. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. Its studios are located in Audacy's Miami office on Northwest Second Avenue, and its transmitter is in Everglades National Park.

The callsign was formerly used on FM at 105.9, until Jefferson-Pilot acquired the callsign. That station, now WBGG-FM and owned by iHeartMedia with a classic rock format, is not affiliated with the current WAXY.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Systoechus vulgaris
Systoechus vulgaris, the grasshopper bee fly, is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. It is found in Canada and across most of the United States. Its larvae are predators of grasshopper eggs.

Bombyliidae
The Bombyliidae are a family of flies, commonly known as bee flies. Some are colloquially known as bomber flies. Adults generally feed on nectar and pollen, some being important pollinators. Larvae are mostly parasitoids of other insects.
Sawtooth Mountain
Sawtooth Mountain is a shield volcano, and part of the polygenetic Indian Heaven Volcanic Field in Washington, United States. It is located midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, and dates from the Pleistocene and Holocene. Sawtooth Mountain is the third highest point at 5,354 feet (1,632 m)in this region. The mountain forms a series of welded volcanic rock spires, an eroded remnant of an ancient shield volcano. Sawtooth Mountain is the third highest point in the Indian Heaven Wilderness Area. While Sawtooth Mountain is not the highest, its craggy appearance makes it one of the most namesake peaks in the Indian Heaven Volcanic Field.

Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano. Repeated eruptions result in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form.

Shield volcanoes are found wherever fluid, low-silica lava reaches the surface of a rocky planet. However, they are most characteristic of ocean island volcanism associated with hot spots or with continental rift volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as Mauna Loa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System, including Olympus Mons on Mars and Sapas Mons on Venus.
Narrow World of Sports
Narrow World of Sports (previously titled The Professor's Second Year Syndrome, The Professor's Farewell Tour and The Professor's Late Hit) was an Australian sports television show broadcast on Fox League on Friday nights at the conclusion of the nights NRL fixture. The show was co-hosted by James "The Professor" Rochford and Andrew "Barney" Barnett, who were joined each week by former rugby league footballer Nathan Hindmarsh, along with 10 News First journalist Emma Lawrence. The show took a satirical look at controversies and issues in rugby league.

In December 2018, James Rochford (brother of the well-liked, and more successful Andrew Rochford) and co-host Andrew Barnett started presenting a spin-off show titled The Night Watchmen that aired on Fox Cricket during the 2018-19 cricket season.

Production of the show was ceased after one episode in 2020 as COVID-19 restrictions prevented studio audiences from attending the recordings.

Andrew Rochford
Andrew Michael Rochford is an Australian television and radio presenter and practices as a doctor.

Rochford was formerly a co-host of Network Ten's Breakfast program alongside Paul Henry and Kathryn Robinson and National Medical Editor on the Seven Network.
Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios (also known as FCBStudios) is a British architectural design firm, established in 1978, with offices in Bath, London and Manchester. The firm is known for its pioneering work in sustainable design and social design agenda.

In 2008, Accordia, which was also designed by Alison Brooks Architects and Maccreanor Lavington, became the first housing development to win the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Stirling Prize.

Alison Brooks
Alison Brooks, FRSA, RIBA, RDI,  (born 29 December 1962) is a Canadian-British architect. She is the founder and creative director of Alison Brooks Architects, based in London. Her awards include the RIBA Stirling Prize, Manser Medal, Stephen Lawrence Prize, and RIBA House of the Year.

Her designs include the Exeter College Cohen Quad at Oxford University, Smile at the Chelsea College of Arts, Accordia Brass Building and Sky Villas, and Windward House. In 2018 Brooks was invited to contribute to the Venice Architecture Biennale. Alison Brooks Architects won Dezeen Architect of the Year 2020.
Shingo Nishiyama
Shingo Nishiyama (西山 真瑚, Nishiyama Shingo; born January 24, 2002) is a Japanese ice dancer. He and former partner Azusa Tanaka are the 2025 Asian Winter Games bronze medalists and two-time Japanese national silver medalists (2023–24, 2024–25).

With his other former skating partner, Utana Yoshida, he was a two-time Japanese national junior ice dance champion (2019–20, 2020–21) and a 2020 Winter Youth Olympics champion in the team event. He also competed for one season with Ayumi Takanami, winning the bronze medal at the 2021–22 Japan Championships.

2023–24 Japan Figure Skating Championships
The 2023–24 Japan Figure Skating Championships were held in Nagano, Nagano on December 20–24, 2023. It was the 92nd edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. The results were part of the Japanese selection criteria for the 2024 Four Continents Championships and the 2024 World Championships.
Barry Gration
Air Marshal Ian Barrington "Barry" Gration AO, AFC (born 30 June 1936) is a former senior officer in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), whose career culminated with his appointment as Chief of the Air Staff from 1992 to 1994.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Manihot
Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.

Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species

variety treated as a species

Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem

formerly included

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii
Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii, also known as Manihot glaziovii, the tree cassava or Ceara rubber tree, is a species of deciduous flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to eastern Brazil.
Paul Robinson (wrestler)
Paul Robinson (born July 12, 1988) is an English professional wrestler best known for his tenure with Progress Wrestling where he is a former Progress Proteus Champion and Progress Tag Team Champion. He regularly competed in various promotions of the British independent scene.

Progress Wrestling
Progress Wrestling (stylized as PROGRESS) is a British professional wrestling promotion that was established in 2011 by comedian Jim Smallman, events and comedy promoter Jon Briley, and later, actor Glen Robinson (professionally known as Glen Joseph). The company is now co-owned by Lee McAteer, Martyn Best, and Matthew Buczek.
Akira (American wrestler)
Alexander James Atkisson (born October 19, 1993), known by his ring name Akira (stylised in all caps), is an American professional wrestler. He is currently performing as a freelancer – predominantly for Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW), where he is a former one-time BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Champion. He is best known for his time in Major League Wrestling, where he is a former MLW World Tag Team Champion and a former MLW World Middleweight Champion.

BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship
The BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship (BJW認定デスマッチヘビー級王座, BJW nintei desumacchi hebī-kyū ōza) is a title contested for in the Japanese promotion Big Japan Pro Wrestling. As its name suggests, it is exclusively defended in deathmatches. It was first created in 1998 when The Great Pogo defeated Mitsuhiro Matsunaga in a tournament final. There have been a total of 23 recognized champions who have had a combined 48 official reigns. The current champion is Yusaku Ito who is in his first reign.
Wittingen
Wittingen (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪtɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Gifhorn, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Gifhorn, and 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Uelzen.

Uelzen
Uelzen (German: [ˈʏltsn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Ülz'n), officially the Hanseatic City of Uelzen (German: Hansestadt Uelzen), is a town in northeast Lower Saxony, Germany, and capital of the district of Uelzen. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, a Hanseatic town and an independent municipality.

Uelzen is characterised by timber-framed architecture and also has some striking examples of North German brick Gothic. The town earned pan-regional fame when Friedensreich Hundertwasser was selected to redesign the railway station: the final work of the celebrated Viennese artist and architect was ceremonially opened in 2000 as the Hundertwasser Station, Uelzen, and remains a popular tourism destination.

The Polabian name for Uelzen is Wilcaus (spelled Wiltzaus in older German reference material), possibly derived from wilca or wilsa (< Slavic *olăša) 'alder'.
Edward Duplex
Edward Parker Duplex (c. 1830 – January 5, 1900) was an American entrepreneur, politician, and civil rights activist in California. He was the first African-American mayor in California, elected to office in Wheatland in 1888, and was a leader in the state's Colored Conventions movement. Born in Connecticut, he migrated to California during the Gold Rush, and was a partner in the Sweet Vengeance Mine. Duplex used his share of profits from the mine to start his own barbershop in Marysville, California, where he employed other Black barbers. He later moved to Wheatland, where his barbershop became one of the two longest running businesses in the town.

Marysville, California
Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Yuba County, California, located in the Gold Country region of Northern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,844, up from 12,072 in the 2010 census. It is part of the Yuba-Sutter area of Greater Sacramento.
Arthur Siegel (photographer)
Arthur Sidney Siegel (August 2, 1913 – February 1, 1978) was an American photographer and educator. Siegel grew up in Detroit and studied photography at the New Bauhaus in Chicago, under the school's founder László Moholy-Nagy. His photographs are included in the collections of multiple major museums, including two dedicated exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago. Siegel lived in Chicago until his death in 1978.

László Moholy-Nagy
László Moholy-Nagy (/məˌhoʊliˈnɒdʒ/; Hungarian: [ˈlaːsloː ˈmoholiˌnɒɟ]; born László Weisz; July 20, 1895 – November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism and a strong advocate of the integration of technology and industry into the arts. The art critic Peter Schjeldahl called him "relentlessly experimental" because of his pioneering work in painting, drawing, photography, collage, sculpture, film, theater, and writing.

He also worked collaboratively with other artists, including his first wife Lucia Moholy, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, and Herbert Bayer. His largest accomplishment may be the Institute of Design in Chicago, which survives today as part of the Illinois Institute of Technology, and art historian Elizabeth Siegel called "his overarching work of art". He also wrote books and articles advocating a utopian type of high modernism.
Herbert Road
Herbert Road (Irish: Bóthar Hoirbeaird) in Ballsbridge, Ireland is a mostly residential road that links Tritonville Road with Lansdowne Road. Newbridge Avenue joins by the bridge, in front of Marian College and the former site of Sandymount High School next door. There are several hotels on the road. Noteworthy is the Mount Herbert Hotel which is a conversion of a terrace of stately homes. The road extends to the roundabout at the junction, which is part of Lansdowne Road. Both this road and Newbridge Avenue, are built on the former site of Haigs' distillery.

The house at 14 Herbert Road sold for €2.41m in February 2004, setting a record price for a house on this road.

Lansdowne Road
Lansdowne Road Stadium (Irish: Bóthar Lansdún, IPA: [ˈbˠoːhəɾˠ ˈl̪ˠan̪ˠsˠd̪ˠuːn̪ˠ]) was a stadium in Dublin owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) that was primarily used for rugby union and association football matches. The stadium was demolished in 2007 to make way for the Aviva Stadium on the same site, which opened in 2010.

The stadium took its name from the adjacent street, Lansdowne Road.
Heyoon Jeong
Jeong Hye-yoon (Korean: 정혜윤; born October 1, 1996), also known as Heyoon Jeong or simply Heyoon, is a South Korean dancer, singer, rapper and choreographer. She represented South Korea in the global pop group Now United and announced her departure from the pop group on March 3, 2023. She made her solo debut on November 13, 2024 with the song "Pivot" featuring Armani White.

Now United
Now United (sometimes abbreviated as NU) is a global pop group formed in West Hollywood, Los Angeles County, USA, in 2017 by Idols creator Simon Fuller. Originally debuting with 14 members from 14 different countries, the group has since represented a total of 20 countries and special administrative region and featured 23 official members.

Now United operates on a rotational system, where members may be active, inactive, or return temporarily for specific projects or tours. Some members have left to pursue solo careers, but they are still considered part of the Now United family. The group's motto is: "Once a Now United member, always a Now United member." Their dynamic structure allows for new members to be added and for representation to be passed to a new generation.
Mount Manipur Memorial
The Mount Manipur Memorial is a memorial site in the Mount Manipur (formerly known as Mount Harriet) of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
Spanning over an area of more than 45000 sq ft, the memorial site is dedicated to the Manipuri freedom fighters and the martyrs of the Anglo-Manipur war. In the year 2022, the memorial site won the "International Muse Design Award 2022", through the designs of the "Huidrom Design Studios" from Manipur.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Solar eclipse of August 2, 2046
A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, August 2, 2046, with a magnitude of 1.0531. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is greater than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2 days before perigee (on August 4, 2046, at 10:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

The path of totality will be visible from parts of eastern Brazil, Angola, the panhandle of Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Eswatini, extreme southern Mozambique, and the Kerguelen Islands. A partial solar eclipse will also be visible for parts of eastern South America, Africa, and East Antarctica.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Kampong Menglait
Kampong Menglait (Malay: Kampung Menglait) or simply known as Menglait, is a village in Brunei–Muara District, Brunei, as well as a neighbourhood and commercial area in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 2,262 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Gadong 'B'. The postcode is BE3919.

Gadong, Brunei
Kampong Pengkalan Gadong (Malay: Kampung Pengkalan Gadong) or commonly known as Gadong (Malay pronunciation: [gaˈdoŋ]), is a village in Brunei–Muara District, Brunei, as well as a neighbourhood and commercial area in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 3,356 in 2021. It is one the villages within Mukim Gadong 'B'. The postcode is BE3719. It is a popular shopping and dining area in the city as well as in Brunei, with several shops, restaurants and cafes establishing their presence in the area. Notably, the area was formerly a rubber estate and was called Gadong Estate or Gadong Rubber Estate.