hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Damon Davidson
Henry Damon Davidson (December 16, 1869 – February 21, 1955), sometimes noted as Henry Damon, or H. D. Davidson, was an American academic administrator, educator, author, and church leader in Centreville, Alabama. He founded the Bibb County Training School, known first as Centerville Industrial Institute in 1900. He was sometimes referred to as Bibb County's "black educator".

Bibb County, Alabama
Bibb County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county is a part of the Birmingham, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is included in the ARC's definition of Appalachia. As of the 24th decennial 2020 census, its population was 22,293. The county seat is Centreville. The county is named in honor of William W. Bibb (1781–1820), the Governor of Alabama Territory (1817–1819) and the first Governor of Alabama (1819–1820, when he died). He is also the namesake for Bibb County, Georgia, where he began his political career. It is a "prohibition" or dry county; however, a few towns have become "wet" by allowing the sale of alcoholic beverages: Woodstock (December 2017), West Blocton (August 2012), Centreville (June 2010), and Brent (May 2010). The Bibb County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centreville.
Cetinje Cave
Cetinje Cave (Serbo-Croatian: Цетињска Пећина, Cetinjska Pećina) is a karst cave located in the town of Cetinje, Montenegro. It is situated directly behind the Cetinje Monastery at the foot of a cliff face.

Cetinje Monastery
The Cetinje Monastery (Serbian: Цетињски манастир, Cetinjski manastir) is a monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro. It is located in Cetinje and is the seat of the Metropolitanate of Montenegro. A center of historical and cultural importance, it was founded c. 1484 by Prince Ivan Crnojević of Zeta, and designated as the cathedral monastery of the Eparchy of Zeta. It was devastated in 1692, during the Morean War, and rebuilt between 1701 and 1704 by Metropolitan Danilo Petrović-Njegoš on the site of the former court of Ivan Crnojević.

There are several relics in the monastery: remains of St. Peter of Cetinje, right hand of John the Baptist, particles of the True Cross, icon of the Philermos Mother of God, remains of Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (relocated), bishop's crown of St. Peter of Cetinje, among others.
Alexis Nicolas (kickboxer)
Alexis Nicolas (born 14 July 1998) is a French kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He is a former ISKA World Super Middleweight K-1 champion and the former ONE Lightweight Kickboxing World Champion.

In May 2024, Nicolas was ranked as the third best men's welterweight kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kickboxing, and No. 1 ranked welterweight in the world by Combat Press

ISKA (sports governing body)
The ISKA (originally International Sport Karate Association, later also called the International Sport Kickboxing Association) is  international bodies regulating sport karate and kickboxing matches.
It is based in the United States. It was established in 1985 as a response to legal and revenue issues that sent the Professional Karate Association (PKA) into decline.
Stade Nabeulien
Stade Nabeulien is a Tunisian professional basketball club from Nabeul.  The club competes in the Championnat National A.  Notable players of the team include senior men's Tunisian national basketball team members Mohamed Hdidane, Nizar Knioua, and Anis Hedidane.

Championnat Pro A
The Championnat Pro A, is the highest tier professional basketball league in Tunisia, established in 1956. As the 2024–25 season, the league features 10 teams. The league is organised by the Tunisia Basketball Federation (FTBB).

ES Radès is the record holder for most titles, with a total of thirteen. The current champion is Club Africain, who won the title in the 2024–25 season. The champions of each season qualify directly for the regular season of the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the premier continental competition of Africa.
Saint-Louis River (Yamaska River tributary)
The Saint-Louis river is a tributary of the Yamaska River, through the Petit Chenail. This river flows northeast in the municipalities of Saint-Aimé and Yamaska in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Montérégie, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence River, in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality
Pierre-De Saurel (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ də soʁɛl]) is a regional county municipality  in the Montérégie region in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Originally named Le Bas-Richelieu Regional County Municipality, the name change to Pierre-De Saurel took effect on January 1, 2009. Its seat is in Sorel-Tracy. It is located on the Richelieu River, downstream from La Vallée-du-Richelieu Regional County Municipality at the confluence of the Richelieu and Saint Lawrence River.

The RCM is named after Pierre de Saurel, a captain of the Carignan-Salières Regiment who rebuilt Fort Richelieu in 1666 and later became the area's seigneur.
Daishō-in
Daishō-in or Daisyō-in (大聖院; lit. 'Great Holy Temple'), also called Suishō-ji (水精寺; lit. 'Crystal Temple'), is a historic Japanese Buddhist temple complex with many temples and statues on Mount Misen, the holy mountain on the island of Itsukushima, off the coast of Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan. It is the 14th temple in the Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage and famous for the maple trees and their autumn colors. Including Mt. Misen, Daishō-in is within the World Heritage Area of Itsukushima Shrine.

In this temple there is a flame which is said to have been burning since its foundation, for more than 1,200 years.

Mount Misen
Mount Misen (弥山, Misen) is the sacred mountain on Itsukushima in Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan, and is the highest mountain on the island at 535 m; it is situated within the World Heritage area of Itsukushima Shrine.

The sea around the island (Seto Inland Sea) and all of the island are within Setonaikai National Park.

The north side of the mountain is covered by primeval forest which is protected by Hiroshima prefecture. The foot of the mountain has Momijidani-Kōen (紅葉谷公園, Maple Valley Park).

According to the website of Miyajima Tourist Association, Mount Misen was visited by Kūkai in the year 806, the 1st year of the Daidō era. Since ancient times, the mountain has been an important destination for religious visitors.
Chris Banjo
Ayokunmi Christopher Oluwaseun Banjo Listenⓘ(born February 26, 1990) is an American professional football coach and former safety who is the special teams coordinator for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the SMU Mustangs. Banjo was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He has also played for the Green Bay Packers, New Orleans Saints, and Arizona Cardinals.

SMU Mustangs football
The SMU Mustangs football team is a college football team representing Southern Methodist University (SMU) in University Park, Dallas County, Texas. The Mustangs compete in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). SMU joined the ACC in July 2024 after eleven years as a member of the American Athletic Conference (AAC).
I Lost My Body (soundtrack)
I Lost My Body (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2019 film of the same name directed by Jérémy Clapin. The original score is composed by Dan Levy and released through Lakeshore Records on 8 November 2019. For his work, Levy received the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Music in a Feature Production.

The Dø
The Dø (/ðə doʊ/) was a Finnish-French indie pop band founded in Paris in 2005. The band is composed of Olivia Merilahti (singer and musician) and Dan Levy (multi-instrumentalist). The duo has been backed on stage by three different drummers: Jérémie Pontier (2007–2008), José Joyette (2008–2009), and Pierre Belleville (since 2009). Their first studio album A Mouthful topped the French charts in 2008, making them the first French act singing in English to reach that position.
Zhongchun Road station
Zhongchun Road (Chinese: 中春路; pinyin: Zhōngchūn Lù) is a station on Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro, and on the Airport Link Line of the Shanghai Suburban Railway. The station is located at the intersection of Husong Highway and Zhongchun Road in Qibao, Minhang District. It was first opened on December 29, 2007, as part of Line 9. The station became an interchange station when the first phase of the Airport Link Line opened on December 27, 2024.

Airport Link Line (Shanghai Suburban Railway)
The Airport Link Line is a commuter rail line of the Shanghai Suburban Railway, running from Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 in Minhang District to Shanghai East railway station in Pudong. The 68.6-kilometer (42.6 mi) express line shortens the travel time between the airports of Hongqiao and Pudong from 90 minutes (by Metro Line 2) to under 40 minutes. Construction started in June 2019. The Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 to Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 section of the line started operations on 27 December 2024.
Angus William McDonald
Angus William McDonald (February 14, 1799 – December 1, 1864) was a 19th-century American military officer and lawyer in the U.S. state of Virginia. He also served as a colonel in command of the Confederate States Army's 7th Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. McDonald was appointed to serve in a number of prominent political positions including a superintendent overseeing the construction of the Northwestern Turnpike and a commissioner representing Virginia in its boundary dispute with Maryland. McDonald was the grandson of Virginia military officer and frontiersman, Angus McDonald (1727–1778) and the father of United States Fish Commissioner Marshall McDonald (1835–1895).

Northwestern Turnpike
The Northwestern Turnpike is a historic road in West Virginia (Virginia at the time the road was created), important for being historically one of the major roads crossing the Appalachians, financed by the Virginia Board of Public Works in the 1830s. In modern times, west of Winchester, Virginia, U.S. Route 50 follows the path of the Northwestern Turnpike into West Virginia, whose major Corridor D project follows the western section of the original Northwestern Turnpike.
Joint quantum entropy
The joint quantum entropy generalizes the classical joint entropy to the context of quantum information theory.  Intuitively, given two quantum states  and , represented as density operators that are subparts of a quantum system, the joint quantum entropy is a measure of the total uncertainty or entropy of the joint system. It is written  or , depending on the notation being used for the von Neumann entropy.  Like other entropies, the joint quantum entropy is measured in bits, i.e. the logarithm is taken in base 2.

In this article, we will use  for the joint quantum entropy.

Von Neumann entropy
In physics, the von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is a measure of the statistical uncertainty within a description of a quantum system. It extends the concept of Gibbs entropy from classical statistical mechanics to quantum statistical mechanics, and it is the quantum counterpart of the Shannon entropy from classical information theory. For a quantum-mechanical system described by a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is

where  denotes the trace and  denotes the matrix version of the natural logarithm. If the density matrix ρ is written in a basis of its eigenvectors  as

then the von Neumann entropy is merely

In this form, S can be seen as the Shannon entropy of the eigenvalues, reinterpreted as probabilities.

The von Neumann entropy and quantities based upon it are widely used in the study of quantum entanglement.
Walter Doran (British Army officer)
Brigadier-General Walter Robert Butler Doran, CB, DSO (15 December 1861 – 6 February 1945) was a senior British Army officer who served with distinction in the Second Boer War, commanding an infantry battalion. He also served as an infantry brigade commander during the First World War.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Prison for Women (Kingston, Ontario)
The Prison For Women ("P4W"; French: Prison des femmes), located in Kingston, Ontario, was a Correctional Service of Canada prison for women that functioned at a maximum security level from 1934 to 2000. Known for its controversial legacy and significance as Canada's only federal-level penitentiary for women until 2000, the institution housed some of Canada’s most serious female offenders until its decommissioning following years of criticism and scrutiny over inmate treatment. The prison, designed in Neoclassical style by Henry H. Horsey, later became a federal heritage site. Throughout its history, P4W faced ongoing controversies, including inmate abuse, racial discrimination, unethical experiments, and a notorious 1994 riot that led to the influential Arbour Report, eventually prompting significant reforms in the Canadian correctional system.

Incarceration of women
Approximately 741,000 women are incarcerated in correctional facilities, a 17% increase since 2010 and the female prison population has been increasing across all continents. The list of countries by incarceration rate includes a main table with a column for the historical and current percentage of prisoners who are female.
R. Harold Zook
Roscoe Harold Zook (21 May 1889 – 17 April 1949) was an American architect best known for his work in suburban Chicago, Illinois.  He received a degree in architecture from the Armour Institute of Technology (now  Illinois Institute of Technology, or IIT) in 1914. In 1916, Zook married his first wife, Mildred Barnard.  They divorced in the late 1930s.  They had one son, Harold Barnard Zook, who followed in his father's footsteps to become an architect in Corona del Mar, California. In the early 1940s, Zook married his second wife, Florence (Barkey) Nissen, whom he met through mutual friends (and clients). Zook died in April 1949, just short of his 60th birthday.

Illinois Institute of Technology
The Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university's historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.
Martin Woods
Martin Paul Woods (born 1 January 1986) is a Scottish footballer and coach who plays as a midfielder for National League North club King's Lynn Town.

Woods career started at Leeds United and during his time there had a spell on loan at Hartlepool United. He then moved on to Sunderland, Rotherham United and Doncaster Rovers, and also spent time on loan at Yeovil Town. Following a short spell at Barnsley, Woods signed for Ross County in October 2014. He had two spells with County, interrupted by a year at Shrewsbury Town. Woods signed for Partick Thistle in October 2017, then joined Dundee in November 2018. After a brief hiatus, Woods played with Halifax Town for two seasons. He then played for Brackley Town for a season before joining Boston United where he had two eventful season, winning a promotion play-off and serving as the club's interim manager before abruptly departing.

Caretaker manager
In association football, a caretaker manager or interim manager is somebody who takes temporary charge of the management of a football team, usually when the regular manager is dismissed or leaves for a different club. However, a caretaker manager may also be appointed if the regular manager is suspended, ill, has a suspected contagious disease (e.g. COVID-19) or is unable to attend to their usual duties. Caretaker managers are normally appointed at short notice from within the club, usually the assistant manager, a senior coach, or an experienced player.
Charles Flexner
Charles Williams Flexner is an American physician, clinical pharmaceutical scientist, academic, author and researcher. He is a Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Flexner's work is focused on the basic and clinical pharmacology of drugs for HIV/AIDS and related infections. He has published over 250 scientific manuscripts, reviews, and book chapters on the use of drugs for the treatment and prevention of HIV and other infectious diseases, this includes early studies of HIV protease inhibitors, and the use of accelerator mass spectrometry to determine drug disposition in humans. He has also authored several books and textbooks, including Protease Inhibitors in AIDS Therapy, Integrative Pharmacology, Antiretroviral Drug Interactions: A Practical Approach, and 2012 DDI: HIV Drug Interaction Guide.

Flexner served as President of the American Federation for Medical Research (AFMR), and the AFMR Foundation.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Men's shot put
The men's shot put event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on Sunday, 29 July 1928. Twenty-two shot putters from 14 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation was 4. The event was won by Johnny Kuck of the United States, the nation's second consecutive, and seventh overall, victory in the men's shot put. Kuck set a new world record. Future film star Bruce Bennett, then still using his birth name Herman Brix, took silver. Emil Hirschfeld won Germany's first shot put medal with bronze.

John Kuck
John Henry Kuck (April 27, 1905 – September 21, 1986) was an American athlete who won a gold medal in the shot put at the 1928 Summer Olympics setting a new world record at 15.87 m. Earlier that year he set two more world records, but they were not recognized officially. In 1926 he also set a US record in the javelin throw at 65.28 m and won the AAU title.

Competing for the Emporia State Hornets track and field team, Kuck won an NCAA shot put title.
2022 Canadian Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 Canadian Tire National Skating Championships were held on January 6–12, 2022 in Ottawa, Ontario. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance on the senior, junior, and novice levels. The results were part of the Canadian selection criteria for the 2022 World Championships, the 2022 Four Continents Championships, the 2022 World Junior Championships, and the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Ottawa was announced as the host in February 2021. The city has hosted the event eleven times previously. Competitors qualified at the Skate Canada Challenge in January.

On December 30, 2021, due to the Omicron variant and Ontario COVID-19 public health orders, it was announced that the competition would be held behind closed doors with no spectators, and all tickets refunded. Competitions for the novice level were also postponed to an undetermined future date. The event was later rescheduled for February 26–27 in Calgary, Alberta.

2022 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was held from April 13–17, 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia. Figure skaters competed for the title of junior world champion in men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation during the 2022–23 ISU Junior Grand Prix series and at the 2023 World Junior Championships.

The competition was originally scheduled to be held in Sofia, Bulgaria from March 7–13, 2022. On February 27, the ISU announced that in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the event would be unable to be held as scheduled in Bulgaria. Tallinn was announced as the host for the newly scheduled dates on March 4. The city previously had previously hosted the event twice, in 2015 and 2020.
Lestes sigma
Lestes sigma, the chalky spreadwing, is a species of spreadwing in the damselfly family Lestidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

The IUCN conservation status of Lestes sigma is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

Lestidae
The Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies,
known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies.

Fossil lestids are known from the Late Eocene onwards.
Ita Mai Tai
12°54′N 156°54′E﻿ / ﻿12.9°N 156.9°E﻿ / 12.9; 156.9Ita Mai Tai is a Cretaceous-early Cenozoic seamount northwest of the Marshall Islands and north of Micronesia. One among a number of seamounts in the Pacific Ocean, it is part of the Magellan Seamounts which may have a hotspot origin although Ita Mai Tai itself may not have formed on a hotspot.

The seamount is formed by volcanic rocks which form two adjacent volcanic centres that erupted between the Aptian-Albian and possibly as late as the Pliocene. Reef systems developed on the seamount after its formation and led to the deposition of limestones. Especially during the Oligocene the seamount subsided and lies now at 1,402 metres (4,600 ft) depth below sea level. Ferromanganese crusts as well as pelagic oozes were deposited on the submerged rocks.

Hotspot (geology)
In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Examples include the Hawaii, Iceland, and Yellowstone hotspots. A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them.

There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. The alternative plate theory is that the mantle source beneath a hotspot is not anomalously hot, rather the crust above is unusually weak or thin, so that lithospheric extension permits the passive rising of melt from shallow depths.