hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spray foam
Spray foam (expanding foam in the UK) is a chemical product used in construction and engineering primarily as insulation and as a filler material. It is produced as a liquid but quickly expands and hardens into a stiff, lightweight structure. It is created by a chemical reaction of two component parts, commonly referred to as side A and side B. Side A contains very reactive chemicals known as  isocyanate. Side B contains a polyol, which reacts with isocyanates to make polyurethane, and a mixture of other chemicals, including catalysts (which help the reaction to occur), flame retardant, blowing agents and surfactants. These react when mixed with each other and expand up to 30-60 times its liquid volume after it is sprayed in place. This expansion makes it useful as a specialty packing material which forms to the shape of the product being packaged and produces a high thermal insulating value with virtually no air infiltration.

Isocyanate
In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates.  An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.

Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds.  The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups.
Ally Mackay
Ally Mackay (born 20 August 1986) is a Scottish football executive and former player. Who currently an assistant Sporting Director for St. Louis City SC in the Major League Soccer.

Prior to his role with D.C. United, Mackay was the general manager of Nashville SC in MLS.

Mackay played American college soccer for the University of Evansville and academy youth football for Partick Thistle.

Evansville Purple Aces men's soccer
The Evansville Purple Aces men's soccer team represents the University of Evansville in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) of NCAA Division I soccer. The Purple Aces play their home matches on Black Beauty Field at Arad McCutchan Stadium on the north end of the university's campus in Evansville, Indiana. The team is currently coached by Marshall Ray.
Ofir Shaham
Ofir Shaham (Hebrew: אופיר שחם; born 23 November 2004) is a retired Israeli team world champion  rhythmic gymnast. She won a 2022 European Championship gold medal in the group All-Around, and a 2022 World Championships silver medal in the same category. The following year at the 2023 World Championships, she won two team gold medals, one in the Group All-Around and one in the 3 Ribbons + 2 Balls. Shaham represented Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the Women's rhythmic team all-around, in which Team Israel won the silver medal.

2022 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
The 2022 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships was the 38th edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships, which took place on 15-19 June 2022 at the Expo Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Parinirvana
In Buddhism, Parinirvana (Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa; Pali: parinibbāna) describes the state entered after death by someone who has attained nirvana during their lifetime. It implies a release from Saṃsāra, karma and rebirth as well as the dissolution of the skandhas.

In some Mahāyāna scriptures, notably the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, parinirvāṇa is described as the realm of the eternal true Self of the Buddha.

In the Buddha in art, the event is represented by a reclining Buddha figure, often surrounded by disciples.

Ātman (Buddhism)
Ātman (/ˈɑːtmən/), attā or attan in Buddhism is the concept of self, and is found in Buddhist literature's discussion of the concept of non-self (Anatta). Most Buddhist traditions and texts reject the premise of a permanent, unchanging atman (self, soul).
Izhorian Museum
The Izhorian museum (Museum of Izhórian culture, Ingrian: Ižorin muuzeja, Russian: Ижорский музей) is located in Ruchyi in Vistino, a rural settlement in Kingiseppsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia. There is also the Izhorian culture center working where visitors can learn handicrafts or the Ingrian language.

The museum's collection was started in 1990 and in 1993, the museum opened to the public in the building of the former Ruchyi elementary school. The collection is regularly updated, mainly by residents of surrounding villages. The collection includes housewares, an archeological exhibition, and photographs from the beginning of 20th century complementing the exhibition of the history of the Izhorian people.

Kingiseppsky District
Kingiseppsky District (Russian: Кингисе́ппский райо́н, Finnish: Kingiseppin piiri or Jaaman piiri) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Ida-Viru County of Estonia in the west, Lomonosovsky District in the northeast, Volosovsky District in the east, and with Slantsevsky District in the south. In the north and northwest it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Finland. The area of the district is 2,908 square kilometers (1,123 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kingisepp. Population (excluding the administrative center): 19,830 (2010 census); 20,408 (2002 Census); 34,081 (1989 Soviet census).. Including the entire district: 78,183 (2010 census);.
Point of Rocks, Maryland
Point of Rocks is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Frederick County, Maryland. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 1,466.

Point of Rocks is named for a rock formation on the adjacent Catoctin Mountain, which was formed by the Potomac River cutting through the ridge in a water gap, a typical formation in the Appalachian Mountains. The formation is not visible from the town and can only be seen from boats on the river, or in Loudoun County, Virginia, from the southern bank of the river.

Loudoun County, Virginia
Loudoun County (/ˈlaʊdən/) is in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. In 2020, the census returned a population of 420,959, making it Virginia's third-most populous county. The county seat is Leesburg. Loudoun County is part of the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of 2023, Loudoun County had a median household income of $156,821, the highest of any county or county equivalent in the nation.
Tort law in India
Tort law in India is primarily governed by judicial precedent as in other common law jurisdictions, supplemented by statutes governing damages, civil procedure, and codifying common law torts. As in other common law jurisdictions, a tort is breach of a non-contractual duty which has caused damage to the plaintiff giving rise to a civil cause of action and for which remedy is available. If a remedy does not exist, a tort has not been committed since the rationale of tort law is to provide a remedy to the person who has been wronged.

While Indian tort law is generally derived from English law, there are certain differences between the two systems. Indian tort law uniquely includes remedies for constitutional torts, which are actions by the government that infringe upon rights enshrined in the Constitution, as well as a system of absolute liability for businesses engaged in hazardous activity.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
2024 drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence
On 19 October 2024, Lebanese militant group Hezbollah conducted a drone attack on the private residence of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Caesarea, Israel. Netanyahu was not home during the attack, and it did not result in any injuries. The attack was referred to as an assassination attempt by several news outlets and by Netanyahu himself and was suspected to have been launched from Lebanon.

This targeting came in the context of ongoing escalation between Israel and the Axis of Resistance, including Hezbollah, in light of the ongoing Israeli–Lebanese conflict.

Caesarea (modern town)
Caesarea (/ˌsɛzəˈriːə, ˌsɛs-, ˌsiːz-/ SE(E)Z-ə-REE-ə, SESS-) is an affluent resort town in north-central Israel, which was named after the ancient city of Caesarea Maritima situated 1–2 kilometres (0.62–1.24 mi) to the south in the adjacent Caesarea National Park.

Located midway between Tel Aviv and Haifa on the coastal plain near the city of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. With a population of 5,765, it is the only Israeli locality managed by a private organization, the Caesarea Development Corporation, and also one of the most populous localities not recognized as a local council.
Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Play
The Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Play is an award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) (the trade name for the Australian Entertainment Industry Association (AEIA)), an employers' organisation which serves as the peak body in the live entertainment and performing arts industries in Australia. The accolade is handed out at the annual Helpmann Awards, which celebrates achievements in musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre.

Cate Blanchett has the most wins in this category with four, for Hedda Gabler, Uncle Vanya, Gross und Klein (Big and Small) and The Maids.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards are accolades for live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001.

The annual awards recognise achievements in the disciplines of musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. Over forty awards are given to productions, festivals and concerts, and for individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design.

They are named in honour of ballet dancer, choreographer, director and actor Sir Robert Helpmann.

The awards are the Australian equivalent of the United States' Tony Awards for Broadway theatre and the United Kingdom's Laurence Olivier Awards for West End theatre.

The Helpmann Awards were last awarded in 2019. LPA cancelled the 2020 and 2021 awards due to the COVID-19 pandemic. No public statement has been made for subsequent years.
Carlo Muscetta
Carlo Muscetta (22 August 1912 – 22 March 2004) was a poet who became better known as a literary critic and, later, as an editor of literary magazines.   He also had a parallel career in teaching, employed as a university professor of Literature successively at Catania, Paris (as a "visiting professor") and Rome.  During the 1960s and 70s he came to wider prominence as a free-thinking Marxist commentator.

Sorbonne Nouvelle University
The Sorbonne Nouvelle University (French: Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, Paris 3, Sorbonne Nouvelle and the Sorbonne) is a public liberal arts and humanities university in Paris, France. It is one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was completely overhauled and restructured in 1970.
Alpine Shire
The Alpine Shire is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 4,788 square kilometres (1,849 sq mi) and in August 2021 had a population of 13,235.

It includes the towns of Bright, Dinner Plain, Harrietville, Mount Beauty, Myrtleford and Porepunkah. There are two unincorporated areas surrounded by the shire: the Mount Hotham and Falls Creek Alpine Resorts.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Alpine Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Bright. It also has service centres located in Dinner Plain, Mount Beauty and Myrtleford.

Over 90% of the Shire is public land. The Shire is home to two major national parks, the Alpine National Park and Mount Buffalo National Park. The Shire's economy is based on tourism, agriculture and forestry.

Dinner Plain
Dinner Plain is a town in Victoria, Australia. Located on the Great Alpine Road, 12km from Mount Hotham Alpine Resort, and 387km from Melbourne[2], it is Australia's only alpine village made up of freehold allotments.

At the 2021 census Dinner Plain had a population of 127, down from 230 in 2016. It is a popular winter destination.
Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series
The Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Asia. Initially contested as a single tournament, the championship was expanded into a two-tournament series in 2014. The competition is sanctioned and sponsored by Asia Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region.

The first official regional 7s championship for international women's teams from Asia was held in Hong Kong, played as part of the 2000 Hong Kong Sevens tournament. In 2003, ten international teams competed in a separate tournament for the Asia Champions Cup, with six teams progressing to the Hong Kong Women's Sevens. Since then, the regional 7s championships have periodically served as pre-qualifying competitions for the Rugby 7s World Cup, or other sevens tournaments.

Hong Kong Women's Sevens
The Hong Kong Women's Sevens held the first women's international rugby sevens tournament in 1997, and has since become an annual event. The 2020 edition marked the start of a new era for the Hong Kong Women's Sevens. For the first time, the tournament will be an official event in the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series. The 2020 and 2021 tournaments were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Alice Soto
Alice Fernanda Soto Gallegos (born 26 March 2006) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Liga MX Femenil club Monterrey and the Mexico women's national football team.

C.F. Monterrey (women)
C.F. Monterrey Femenil is a Mexican professional women's football club based in Guadalupe, Nuevo León, Mexico that competes in the Liga MX Femenil. The club has been the women's section of C.F. Monterrey since 2016. The team plays its home matches at Estadio BBVA.

Monterrey Femenil is one of only five clubs that have been able to win the Liga MX Femenil title, obtaining the league title in four occasions.

The club plays a local derby known as the Clásico Regiomontano femenil against city rivals Tigres UANL.
Dapo Abiodun
Adedapo Oluseun Abiodun MFR CON  ((Listenⓘ); born 29 May 1960) is a Nigerian businessman and politician, who has served as Governor of Ogun State since May 2019. Currently a member of the All Progressives Congress, Abiodun first entered politics during the aborted Abacha transition in 1998 and remained active in politics until being elected governor in 2019.

Born in Iperu, Ogun State in 1960, Abiodun eventually became an accountant for several years before entering business in the 1990s. Alongside a business career, Abiodun entered electoral politics and was the board chairman of the Corporate Affairs Commission. Prior to his assumption of political office in 2019, he was the managing director of Heyden Petroleum and the founder of First Power Limited. Abiodun was elected to his first term as governor by a small margin then was re-elected by a similarly slight margin in 2023.

Iperu, Ogun State
Iperu or Iperu Akesan Bale Ojalistenⓘ is a town near the Ibu River in Ogun State in the southwestern region of Nigeria. It is the most populous town in the Remo Region of the Ikenne Local Government Area. The entire LGA has an area of 137.13 km² and a population of 178,412 at the 2006 census.
Caucas
Caucas or Kavkasos (Georgian: კავკასოსი, romanized: k'avk'asosi) was the supposed ancestor of Vainakh peoples (Chechens and Ingush) according to The Georgian Chronicles. His story is narrated in the compilation of the medieval Georgian chronicles, Kartlis Tskhovreba, taken down from oral tradition by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century. The legend has it that he was a son of Targamos and, thus, brother of Hayk (known to be ancestor of Armenian people), Movakos, Lekos (referred to as the ancestor of Lezgic peoples), Heros, Kartlos (known to be ancestor of Georgian people), and Egros.

Caucas' descendant Dzurdzuk is said to be the ancestor of the Chechens and Ingush.

Nakh peoples
The Nakh peoples are a group of North Caucasian peoples identified by their use of the Nakh languages and other cultural similarities. These are chiefly the ethnic Chechen, Ingush and Bats peoples of the North Caucasus, including closely related minor or historical groups.
Blue Mosque, Yerevan
The Blue Mosque (Armenian: Կապույտ մզկիթ, romanized: Kapuyt mzkit’; Persian: مسجد کبود, romanized: Masjed-e Kabūd) is an 18th-century Iranian Twelver Shia mosque, located in Yerevan, Armenia. It was commissioned by Hoseyn Ali Khan, the khan of the Erivan Khanate. It is one of the oldest extant structures in central Yerevan and the most significant structure from the city's Iranian period. It was the largest of the eight mosques of Yerevan in the 19th century and is the only active mosque in Armenia today.

The mosque was secularized in the 1920s and housed the History Museum of Yerevan for more than five decades. Following Armenia's independence, the mosque was renovated with support from the Iranian government and again started operating as a mosque, serving the Muslims residing in Armenia.

Yerevan History Museum
The Yerevan History Museum (Armenian: Երևանի Պատմության Թանգարան (Yerevani Patmut'yan T'angaran)) is the history museum of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. The museum was founded in 1931 as the Communal Museum. Currently, the museum is located in a building attached to the Yerevan City Hall. The architect of the building was Jim Torosyan.
The Shops at Northfield
The Shops at Northfield is an open-air, 1,200,000-square-foot (110,000 m2) retail town center located at the Stapleton International Airport redevelopment in Denver, Colorado, United States. It is owned and operated by QIC.

The Shops at Northfield is anchored by Target, Bass Pro Shops Outdoor World, and an 18-screen Harkins Theatres. The center also includes approximately 50 specialty shops, restaurants and retailers.

On January 9, 2025, it was announced that the Macy's anchor store would be closing as part of a plan to close 66 stores nationwide. The store closed on March 23, 2025.

On February 11, 2025, it was announced that the JCPenney is on a national closure list. The store closed in May 2025.

Harkins Theatres
Harkins Theatres is an American movie theater chain with locations throughout the Southwestern United States. Harkins Theatres is privately owned and operated by its parent company, Harkins Enterprises, LLC. The company operates 35 theaters with 487 screens throughout Arizona, California, Colorado, and Oklahoma. It is the 7th largest movie theater circuit in North America and the largest family-owned theater chain in the United States.
Crankset
The crankset (in the US) or chainset (in the UK) is the component of a bicycle drivetrain that converts the reciprocating motion of the rider's legs into rotational motion used to drive the chain or belt, which in turn drives the rear wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets, also called chainrings
or chainwheels, attached to the cranks, also called arms or crankarms, to which the pedals attach.  It is connected to the rider by the pedals, to the bicycle frame by the bottom bracket, and to the rear sprocket, cassette, or freewheel via the chain.

Cogset
On a bicycle, the cassette or cluster is the set of multiple sprockets that attaches to the hub on the rear wheel. A cogset works with a rear derailleur to provide multiple gear ratios to the rider. Cassettes come in two varieties, freewheels or cassettes, of which cassettes are a newer development. Although cassettes and freewheels perform the same function and look almost the same when installed, they have important mechanical differences and are not interchangeable.
Senate (Egypt)
The Senate is the upper house of Egypt's bicameral parliament,  with the House of Representatives serving as the lower house. Together, the Senate and the House of Representatives have the legislative authority under the Article 101 in Chapter Five of the Egyptian Constitution.

Since 1866, over a period that represents the history of parliamentary life in modern Egypt, the country has witnessed seven parliamentary systems, each with different legislative and oversight powers, ultimately reflecting the history of the Egyptian people’s struggle and their pursuit of establishing a democratic and free society.

It succeeded the Shura Council after the passage of the 2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum, with the subsequent 2020 Egyptian Senate election marking its first election. The current president of the Senate is Essam El-Din Farid.

Constitution of Egypt
The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the fundamental law of Egypt.
The Egyptian Constitution of 2014 was passed in a referendum in January 2014. The constitution took effect after the results were announced on 18 January 2014. A constitutional amendments referendum was held from 20 to 22 April 2019.
Memorial to the Heroes of the Red Flags
The Memorial to the Heroes of the Red Flags (Polish: Pomnik Bohaterom Czerwonych Sztandarów) is a large concrete sculpture in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, placed at the Freedom Square, in front of the Basin Palace of Culture. It was designed by Augustyn Dyrda and unveiled on 8 November 1970, for the 53rd anniversary of the October Revolution in Russia. It was dedicated to the insurgents of the Polish Socialist Party, who, during the 1905 revolution in the Kingdom of Poland, declared independence of Dąbrowa Basin, lasting for the following 10 days. The monument consists of three large statues of revolutionaries, standing in front of two large flags flying in the wind, with their poles forming the V sign.

Polish Socialist Party
The Polish Socialist Party (Polish: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a democratic socialist political party in Poland.

It was one of the most significant parties in Poland from its founding in 1892 until its forced merger with the communist Polish Workers' Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party in 1948. Józef Piłsudski, founder of the Second Polish Republic, was a member of and later led the PPS in the early 20th century.

The party was re-established in 1987, near the end of the Polish People's Republic. However, it remained on the margins of Polish politics until 2019, when it won a seat in the Senate of Poland.