hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 World Athletics U20 Championships
The 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships, also known colloquially by its former official title, the World Junior Championships, was an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 2003), which was held from 1 to 6 August 2022 at the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero in Cali, Colombia.
Cali previously hosted the 2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics.

2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics
The 2015 World Youth Championships in Athletics was the ninth edition of the biennial international athletics competition for youth (under-18) athletes. The five-day competition took place between 15 and 19 July at the Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero stadium in Cali, Colombia. Eligible athletes were aged 16 or 17 on 31 December 2015 (born in 1998 or 1999).
Newton, Nottinghamshire
Newton is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe district, in the county of Nottinghamshire, England. It is located 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of East Bridgford and about 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of the River Trent, close to the junction of the A46 Fosse Way and the A6079. It had 841 residents at the 2021 census.

RAF Newton is a disused airfield immediately to the south of Main Street. It opened in July 1940 and closed in 2000. The hangars and other buildings are now used by a number of businesses within the Newton Commercial Centre.

Newton Mill was a wooden post mill built before 1855. It ceased work c. 1920 and the buck was dismantled c. 1952. Some parts, including a stone neck bearing, were donated to the Science Museum in London. The brick roundhouse now belongs to the Crown.

East Bridgford
East Bridgford is a village and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire, east of the city of Nottingham. It had a population of 1,814 at the 2011 census, falling to 1,763 at the 2021 census. The village adjoins the south bank of the River Trent, opposite the village of Gunthorpe. It is on the Trent Valley Way. East Bridgford's annual village show is run by the village Horticultural Society, established in 1864, and held every Feast Week.
The Romantic Tour
The Romantic Tour is the upcoming fifth headlining concert tour by American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars, in support of his fourth studio album, The Romantic (2026).

The tour is set to begin on April 10, 2026, in Las Vegas, and conclude on October 20, 2026, in Vancouver. Anderson .Paak (under the pseudonym DJ Pee .Wee), Leon Thomas, Victoria Monét, and Raye are scheduled to be opening acts. It is Mars' first live performance since his Park MGM residency in 2025 and first tour since the Bruno Mars Live tour (2022–2024).

Originally a 39-date-long stadium tour, The Romantic Tour set the record for the highest first-day ticket sales for the Live Nation pre-sale in North America, leading to an additional 32 dates being announced in North America and Europe.

Bruno Mars Live
American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars embarked on a promotional concert tour across Australia, Asia, South America and North America from 2022 to 2024. Spanning fifty-eight dates across sixteen countries, it began on October 14, 2022, in Sydney, Australia, and concluded on November 5, 2024, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Los Callejones
Los Callejones is a rural Chilean town located 14km from the city of San Rosendo in the region of Biobio and the homonymous province. The town is known for being home to one of the oldest Malbec wine strains in Chile and South America, having vines more than 150 years old.

San Rosendo
San Rosendo (Spanish pronunciation: [san roˈsendo]) is a Chilean city and commune in Bío Bío Province, Bío Bío Region.

The city of San Rosendo lies on the gentle slopes of a hill overlooking the confluence of the rivers Bío Bío and Laja, which respectively bound the city to the west and south. On the opposite bank of the Laja River is the city of Laja, forming both an incipient conurbation.
Carl E. Stotz Memorial Little League Bridge
The Carl E. Stotz Memorial Little League Bridge, formerly known as the Market Street Bridge, carries approximately 27,700 vehicles a day on U.S. Route 15 over the West Branch Susquehanna River between Williamsport and South Williamsport in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is the seventh bridge on the site and was built at a cost of over $60,000,000.

In October 2007 the new northbound bridge over the river and the new "direct connect" single-point urban interchange with Interstate 180 was completed and opened to traffic. The overall project, which included the reconstruction of Via Bella, was completed in summer 2008.

Single-point urban interchange
A single-point urban interchange (SPUI, /ˈspuːi/ SPOO-ee or /ˈspjuːi/ SPEW-ee), also called a single-point interchange (SPI) or single-point diamond interchange (SPDI), is a type of highway interchange. The design was created in order to help move large volumes of traffic through limited amounts of space efficiently.
Feedforward
Feedforward is a term coined by the literary critic I. A. Richards in 1951 at the 8th Macy conference on cybernetics. Feedforward relates to feedback, another cybernetic concept, but while feedback is a reaction to the output of a process, feedforward is the anticipation of what the output might be.

Richards discussed this in terms of human communication, arguing that to be understood, a speaker has to feedforward the context of what they want to talk about, anticipating what the audience might not understand and adjusting what one plans to say to accommodate that.: 179–180

The term was taken up by cyberneticians, who had previously only used negative and positive feedback.: 180  It was also used by media theorist Marshall McLuhan, and has been taken up in management theory, control theory, neural networks and behavioral and cognitive science.

I. A. Richards
Ivor Armstrong Richards CH (26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as I. A. Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, poet, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object.

Richards' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923), by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Practical Criticism (1929), and The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936).
Kazakhstan's 25th electoral district
The Electoral district No. 25 (Kazakh: №25 сайлау округі, romanized: №25 sailau okrugı; Russian: Избирательный округ №25) is a single-mandate territorial constituency in Kazakhstan, represented in the lower chamber Mäjilis of the Parliament. It is one of three constituencies within the Turkistan Region as its seat is centered in Turkistan, which includes the regional districts of Otyrar, Ordabasy, Shardara, and Sauran.

The constituency was originally formed for the 2004 legislative election and existed until being abolished in 2007. However, it has been reestablished in 2022 and is currently represented by deputy Qairat Balabiev (Amanat) since March 2023.

Ordabasy District
Ordabasy (Kazakh: Ордабасы ауданы, Ordabasy audany) is a district of Turkistan Region in southern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Temirlan. Population: 114,203 (2013 estimate); 102,875 (2009 census results); 80,799 (1999 census results).
Arnaud Danjean
Arnaud Danjean (French pronunciation: [aʁno dɑ̃ʒɑ̃]; born 11 February 1971) is a French politician and former civil servant who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2024. A member of The Republicans (LR), he was also elected a member of the Regional Council of Burgundy in 2010. He was elected to the newly-created Regional Council of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in 2015, holding a seat until his resignation in 2017.

In the European Parliament, Danjean represented France's East constituency until 2019, when he was reelected for a third term in the newly-reestablished nationwide constituency. He chaired the European Parliament Subcommittee on Security and Defence (SEDE) from 2009 to 2014, a subcommittee of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET). As member of LR, Danjean was a member of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group).

In 2024, Danjean was appointed a special adviser to Prime Minister Michel Barnier.

European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs
The Committee on Foreign Affairs (AFET, after the French name Affaires étrangères), previously called Political Affairs, is a committee of the European Parliament. It is responsible for the common foreign, security, and defence policy of the European Union, as well as relations with other European and international institutions, strengthening relations with third countries, the accession of new member states, and human rights. During the Ninth European Parliament (2019–2024), the committee has 79 members and is chaired by David McAllister from Germany.

The committee has two subcommittees: the Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) and the Subcommittee on Security and Defence (SEDE).
Puente Hills Landfill
Puente Hills Landfill was the largest landfill in the United States, rising 500 feet (150 meters) high and covering 700 acres (2.8 km2). Originally opened in 1957 in a back canyon in the Puente Hills, the landfill was made to meet the demands of urbanization and waste-disposal east of Los Angeles. By the 1990s, the landfill became an artificial mountain visible around the San Gabriel Valley region. Puente Hills accepted four million tons of waste in 2005. As of October 31, 2013, its operating permit was terminated and it no longer accepts new refuse. The former landfill is in the process of becoming a natural habitat preservation area.

The landfill is located in the Puente Hills, in southeastern Los Angeles County near Whittier, California, and is owned and operated by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County. The closest urban communities are unincorporated Hacienda Heights to the east, and unincorporated Avocado Heights and the City of Industry to the north.

City of Industry, California
The City of Industry is a city in the San Gabriel Valley in eastern Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is almost entirely industrial, containing over 3,000 businesses employing 67,000 people, with only 264 residents as of the 2020 census, making it the third least populous city in the state. It was incorporated on June 18, 1957, and has become the economic hub for the San Gabriel Valley.
Txema Alonso
José María "Txema" Alonso Fernández (born 29 April 1971) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a centre-back or defensive midfielder.

He amassed La Liga totals of 183 matches and five goals during seven seasons, in representation of Lleida and Racing de Santander. He added 221 games and 11 goals in Segunda División, where he also featured for both clubs.

Racing de Santander
Real Racing Club de Santander, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈraθiŋ kluβ ðe santanˈdeɾ]), also known as Racing de Santander (pronounced [ˈraθin de santanˈdeɾ]) or simply Racing, is a football club based in Santander, Cantabria, Spain, that currently competes in Segunda División, the second tier of the Spanish league system. It was founded in 1913 and it holds home games at El Sardinero, with a capacity for 22,222 spectators. It is one of the ten founding clubs of La Liga.
Mr. Billings Spends His Dime
Mr. Billings Spends His Dime is a lost 1923 American silent comedy film directed by Wesley Ruggles and written by Dana Burnet and Albert S. Le Vino. The film stars Walter Hiers, Jacqueline Logan, George Fawcett, Robert McKim, Patricia Palmer, and Josef Swickard. The film was released on March 19, 1923, by Paramount Pictures.

Robert McKim (actor)
Robert McKim (1877 – June 4, 1927) was an American actor of the silent film era and a performer in vaudeville. He appeared in nearly 100 films between 1915 and 1927. He played the arch villain opposite Douglas Fairbanks's Zorro in The Mark of Zorro in 1920.
The Qin Empire III
The Qin Empire III is a 2017 Chinese television series based on Sun Haohui's novel of the same Chinese title, which romanticizes the events in China during the Warring States period primarily from the perspective of the Qin state under King Zhaoxiang. It was first aired on CCTV-1 in mainland China in 2017. It was preceded by The Qin Empire (2009) and The Qin Empire II: Alliance (2012) and followed by The Qin Empire IV (2019), which were also based on Sun Haohui's novels.

Qin (state)
Qin (CHIN, /tʃɪn/, or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. It is traditionally dated to 897 BC. The state of Qin originated from a reconquest of western lands that had previously been lost to the Xirong. Its location at the western edge of Chinese civilisation allowed for expansion and development that was not available to its rivals in the North China Plain.

After extensive reform during the 4th century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers among the Seven Warring States. It unified the seven states of China under Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC. This unification established the Qin dynasty, which, despite its short duration, had a significant influence on later Chinese history. Accordingly, the state of Qin before the Qin dynasty was established is also referred to as the "predynastic Qin" or "proto-Qin".
Mieszko Kazimierzowic
Mieszko Kazimierzowic (Kazimierzowic means son of Kazimierz) (16 April 1045 – 28 January 1065) was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast. According to some scholars, he was probably Duke of Kuyavia since 1058 until his death.

Kuyavia
Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy; Latin: Cuiavia), also referred to as Cujavia, is a historical region in north-central Poland, situated on the left bank of Vistula, as well as east from Noteć River and Lake Gopło. It is divided into three traditional parts: north-western (with the capital in Bydgoszcz), central (the capital in Inowrocław or Kruszwica), and south-eastern (the capital in Włocławek or Brześć Kujawski).
Delphine Farmer
Delphine Farmer is a Canadian chemist who is a professor at the Colorado State University. Her research considers the development of scientific instruments for atmospheric science. She was awarded the American Geophysical Union Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award in 2022.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
César Moro
César Moro (August 31, 1903 – January 10, 1956) is the pseudonym of Alfredo Quíspez-Asín Mas, a Peruvian poet and painter. Most of his poetic works are written in French; he was the only Latin American poet included in the 1920s and '30s surrealist journals of André Breton and the first Latin American artist to join the surrealist group on his own initiative, as opposed to being recruited by Breton.

André Breton
André Robert Breton (/brəˈtɔːn/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe ʁɔbɛʁ bʁətɔ̃]; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, known as a principal theorist and co-founder of surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme) of 1924, in which he defined surrealism as "pure psychic automatism".

Along with his role as leader of the surrealist movement he is the author of celebrated books such as Nadja and L'Amour fou. Those activities, combined with his critical and theoretical work on writing and the plastic arts, made André Breton a major figure in 20th-century French art and literature.
Filskov
Filskov is a town in Billund Municipality, Region of Southern Denmark in Denmark. It is located 39 km northwest of Vejle, 9 km east of Sønder Omme, 10 km northeast of Grindsted and 13 km northwest of Billund.

As of 1 January 2025, the population of Filskov was 697.

Filskov Church is located in the western part of the town. It was built in 1877 from drawings by the architect L.A.Winstrup. The tower was added in 1929.

Filskov Kro (Filskov Inn) is located in the eastern part of the town.

Billund, Denmark
Billund (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpiˌlɔnˀ]) is a town in Jutland, Denmark. With a population of 7,484 (as of 1 January 2025), Billund is the second largest town in Billund Municipality, behind the municipal seat of Grindsted. It is located approximately 13 kilometers (8.1 miles) east of Grindsted and 27 kilometers (17 miles) west of Vejle.

Billund is the home of the Lego Group's head office. The town's economy developed from the 1930s when the Lego factory was established. In the 1960s, Billund grew rapidly, driven by the success of the company and the opening of Billund Airport, which is the second largest airport in Denmark.

Located in the town is the first Legoland theme park, Legoland Billund Resort, which opened in 1968 and attracts two million tourists per year. Other tourist attractions include Lalandia, the largest water park in Scandinavia, Wow Park, an outdoors park featuring Denmark's longest freefall slide, and an experience centre named Lego House.
Hibernate (framework)
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping: §1.2.2, [12]  tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database. Hibernate handles object–relational impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct, persistent database accesses with high-level object handling functions.

Hibernate is free software that is distributed under the Apache License. Versions prior to 7.0.0.Beta4 were distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1.

Hibernate's primary feature is mapping from Java classes to database tables, and mapping from Java data types to SQL data types. Hibernate also provides data query and retrieval facilities. It generates SQL calls and relieves the developer from the manual handling and object conversion of the result set.

Persistence (computer science)
In computer science, persistence refers to the characteristic of state of a system that outlives (persists for longer than) the process that created it. This is achieved in practice by storing the state as data in computer data storage. Programs have to transfer data to and from storage devices and have to provide mappings from the native programming-language data structures to the storage device data structures.

Picture editing programs or word processors, for example, achieve state persistence by saving their documents to files.
Thomas Lainson
Thomas Lainson, FRIBA (1824 – 18 May 1898) was a British architect. He is best known for his work in the East Sussex coastal towns of Brighton and Hove (now part of the city of Brighton and Hove), where several of his eclectic range of residential, commercial and religious buildings have been awarded listed status by English Heritage. Working alone or (from 1881) in partnership with two sons as Lainson & Sons, he designed buildings in a wide range of styles, from Neo-Byzantine to High Victorian Gothic; his work is described as having a "solid style, typical of the time".

Hove
Hove (/hoʊv/ HOHV) is a seaside town in East Sussex, England. Alongside Brighton, it is one of the two main parts of the city of Brighton and Hove.

Originally a fishing village surrounded by open farmland, it grew rapidly in the 19th century in response to the development of its eastern neighbour Brighton; by the Victorian era it was a fully developed town with borough status. Neighbouring parishes such as Aldrington and Hangleton were annexed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The neighbouring urban district of Portslade was merged with Hove in 1974. In 1997, as part of local government reform, the borough merged with Brighton to form the Borough of Brighton and Hove; this unitary authority was granted city status in 2000.
Nasopur
Nasopur is a village in Kotkasim, Tehsil Alwar district, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located around 75 km south of Delhi, 75 km north of Alwar, and about 200 km north of Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan. Nasopur is part of Greater Bhiwadi and National Capital Region (NCR).

Bhiwadi
Bhiwadi is a planned city in Khairthal-Tijara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan and a Part of National Capital Region of Delhi. It is located 32 from Khairthal-Tijara city, the district headquarters, 85 km away from the city of Alwar and situated on the Rajasthan-Haryana border. Bhiwadi is considered to be a hub for Taiwanese and Japanese companies. The city is divided into three separate zones, which are the residential, industrial and commercial zones. In recent years, it also became one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of air pollution.
Lucy Li
Lucy Li (born October 1, 2002) is an American professional golfer. She holds records as the youngest qualifier for the U.S. Women's Amateur and the U.S. Women's Open, at 11, in 2014. She is the second-youngest qualifier for the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links, and the youngest ever to advance to match play in that event. Li was an age group winner at the inaugural Masters Drive, Chip, and Putt Championship in Augusta, Georgia. As of 2014, she was a student of Jim McLean.

U.S. Women's Amateur
The U.S. Women's Amateur, also known as the United States Women's Amateur Golf Championship, is the leading golf tournament in the United States for female amateur golfers. It is played annually and is one of the 13 United States national golf championships organized by the United States Golf Association (USGA). Female amateurs from all nations are eligible to compete and there are no age restrictions. It was established in 1895, one month after the men's U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open.  It is the third oldest USGA championship, over a half century older than the U.S. Women's Open, which was first played in 1946.  Along with the British Ladies Amateur, the U.S. Women's Amateur is considered the highest honor in women's amateur golf.
Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors (California)
The Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors is the governing body for Santa Cruz County, California. As required by California Law, the board comprises five elected members, each of whom represents one of five districts.

Law of California
The law of California consists of several levels, including constitutional, statutory, and regulatory law, as well as case law. The California Codes form the general statutory law, and most state agency regulations are available in the California Code of Regulations.
2009 Tour of Britain
The 2009 Tour of Britain was a UCI 2.1 category race of eight stages from 12 September till 19 September 2009. The race was the sixth edition of the latest version of the Tour of Britain and the seventieth British tour in total. It formed part of the 2008–2009 UCI Europe Tour. The race begun in Scunthorpe and ended with a circuit stage in London.

Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe (/ˈskʌnθɔːrp/) is an industrial town in Lincolnshire, England, and the county's third most populous settlement after Lincoln and Grimsby, with a population of 81,286 in 2021. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement of the North Lincolnshire district. Scunthorpe lies north of Lincoln and is between Grimsby to the east and Doncaster to the west, while Hull is to the north-east via the Humber Bridge.