hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yevgeni Lebedev
Yevgeni Alekseyevich Lebedev (Russian: Евгeний Алeксeeвич Лeбeдeв, IPA: [jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲebʲɪdʲɪf]; January 15, 1917, Balakovo – June 9, 1997, Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet and Russian actor and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR (1968) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1987).

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
Aeroservis
Aeroservis is a regional airline, operating regular flights in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, as well as Charter flights. It is based in Kadala Airport, serving Chita.

In October 2019 Aeroservis was acquired by Siberian Light Aviation. As of June 2025, the airline is banned from flying into the EU like all other Russian airlines.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Khaira, Delhi
Khaira is an Ahir-dominated urban village inhabited by people belonging to Lamba and Aphariya gotra, located on Shaheed Rao Laxmi Chand Marg (the road well known as Main Khaira Road) in Najafgarh tehsil of South West Delhi, Delhi.

The village is a part of Surheda Seventeen Village Panchayat.

Najafgarh
Najafgarh is a town in the South West Delhi district of Delhi, India. It is one of the three subdivisions of the South West Delhi district. Najafgarh is located on outskirts of NCT Delhi in south western part of Delhi sharing its territory limits with Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh, in Haryana.
Koroinen
Koroinen (Finnish: [ˈkoroi̯nen]; Korois in Swedish) is a district in the Koroinen ward of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located to the north of the city centre, across the river Aura from the Turku Student Village.
Koroinen is mostly non-built-up area, consisting largely of recreational area. The current (as of 2016) population of the district is 15.

Subdivisions of Turku
The city of Turku, Finland is divided into nine wards (suuralueet in Finnish, storområden in Swedish) and into 87 non-governmental districts (kaupunginosat in Finnish, stadsdelar in Swedish). These are composed of individual suburbs, and in the very centre of the city, sectors of the central business district are identified by Roman numerals. The ward division does not always follow district boundaries.

In the following list, the names are given first in Finnish, and then in Swedish (if applicable) in brackets. For districts that have an English name, it is given first with other languages following. When a district is divided between two or three wards, it is listed under each and this is indicated by a footnote.
Taiwan Music Institute
The Taiwan Music Institute (TMI; traditional Chinese: 臺灣音樂館; simplified Chinese: 台湾音乐馆; pinyin: Táiwān Yīnyuè Guǎn), established in January 2002 and formerly known as the Research Institute of Musical Heritage and Taiwan Music Center, was renamed the Taiwan Music Institute in 2012 as a research, collection, exhibition and promotion organization for Taiwan music. It operates under the auspices of the National Center for Traditional Arts (NCFTA) under the Ministry of Culture. The Institute is located within the premises of Taiwan Traditional Theatre Center in Shilin District, Taipei City, and has a music archive on the second floor. The collection of books and audiovisual materials focuses on traditional ethnic music in Taiwan, supplemented by Asian, Pacific, and world ethnic music. Additionally, it showcases the archived musical artifacts of renowned Taiwanese musicians. The Institute welcomes public visits and offers reserved guided tours.

Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Culture (MOC; Chinese: 文化部; pinyin: Wénhùabù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bûn-hòa pō͘) is the ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) that promotes cultural and creative industries. The ministry also maintains the National Repository of Cultural Heritage.
Taank Kingdom
Taank Kingdom (also known as Takka or Taki) was a kingdom based in the Punjab from 6th to 10th century CE. The kingdom was located south of Kashmir and north of Sindh, extending from the Indus in the west to the Beas river in the east. Its capital was the city of Sagala (modern day Sialkot).

Beas River
The Beas River is a river in northwestern India, flowing through the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and is the smallest of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. Rising in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, the river flows for approximately 470 kilometres (290 mi) into the Sutlej River in Punjab. Its total length is  470 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq mi) large.

As of 2017, the river is home to a tiny isolated population of the Indus dolphin.
St Gothian's Church, Gwithian
St Gothian's Church, Gwithian is a  Grade II* listed parish church in the Church of England Diocese of Truro in Gwithian, Cornwall, England, UK. Nothing is known about St Gothian, Gocianus or Gwithian.

Gwithian
Gwithian (Cornish: Godhyan) is a coastal village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Gwinear-Gwithian, in the Cornwall district, in west Cornwall, England. It is three miles (5 km) north-east of Hayle and four miles (6.5 km) east of St Ives, Cornwall across St Ives Bay. 	
In 1931 the parish had a population of 634. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished to form "Gwinear Gwithian".

Gwithian has a pub, the Red River Inn, which was formerly named the Pendarves Arms. The pub takes its name from the nearby Red River which, in turn, got its name from the discolouration caused by mining effluent. The river's earlier name was Dowr Coner.
Richard Butson
Colonel Arthur Richard Cecil Butson, GC, OMM, CD (24 October 1922 – 24 March 2015) was born of British parents in China, and later emigrated to Canada.

A medical student during the Second World War, he then joined the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1946, and for rescuing another Antarctic explorer from a crevasse in 1947 was awarded the Albert Medal, then, with the George Cross, the highest award for civilian gallantry for British and Commonwealth citizens.  Later, all holders of the Albert Medal were invited to exchange that medal for the George Cross.

From 1948 he undertook postgraduate medical research in London before moving to Canada where he continued his medical career, both in civilian practice and with the Canadian Militia.

Order of Military Merit (Canada)
The Order of Military Merit (French: Ordre du mérite militaire) is a military honour for merit that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second highest order administered by the Governor in Council on behalf of the Canadian monarch.

Created in 1972 to replace a grouping within the Order of Canada, the order was established to recognize members of the Canadian Forces—either regular or reserve personnel—who have demonstrated dedication and devotion beyond the call of duty, achieving conspicuous merit and exceptional military service. The three tiers of the order are Commander, Officer, and Member; deserving non-Canadians may also receive honorary appointments to the order.
Monterrey, Casanare
Monterrey is a town and municipality in the Department of Casanare, Colombia. It is located approximately 105 kilometers south-west of the city Yopal, the capital of the Casanare department.

The town was founded on 6 September 1953. It was recognized as a municipality in 1960. The town is roughly 879.57 km2 and has approximately 14,831 inhabitants.

Yopal
Yopal (Spanish pronunciation: [ɟʝoˈpal]) is a municipality and capital city of the department of Casanare in Colombia and the second most populated and important city in the Orinoquía region after Villavicencio.
Unification of theories in physics
Unification of theories about observable fundamental phenomena of nature is one of the primary goals of physics. Isaac Newton’s unification of terrestrial and celestial mechanics into one theory of gravity in the 17th century
and James Clerk Maxwell’s unification of electricity with magnetism into electromagnetism in the 19th were the first two unifications. In the 20th century the focus shifted to the unification of fundamental interactions (also called forces), beginning with the unification of electromagnetic forces with the weak force to create electroweak interaction. This process of "unifying" forces continues today, with the ultimate goal of finding a theory of everything.

Weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation. It is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms: The weak interaction participates in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. The theory describing its behaviour and effects is sometimes called quantum flavordynamics (QFD); however, the term QFD is rarely used, because the weak force is better understood by electroweak theory (EWT).

The effective range of the weak force is limited to subatomic distances and is less than the diameter of a proton.
Paul Broca
Paul Pierre Broca (/ˈbroʊkə/, also UK: /ˈbrɒkə/, US: /ˈbroʊkɑː/, French: [pɔl bʁɔka]; 28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist. He is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is  named after him. Broca's area is involved with language. His work revealed that the brains of patients with aphasia contained lesions in a particular part of the cortex, in the left frontal region. This was the first anatomical proof of localization of brain function.

Broca's work contributed to the development of physical anthropology, advancing the science of anthropometry, and craniometry, in particular, the now-discredited practice of determining intelligence. He was engaged in comparative anatomy of primates and humans and proposed that Negroes were an intermediate form between apes and Europeans. He saw each racial group as its own species and believed racial mixing eventually led to sterility.

Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases. The term lesion is derived from the Latin laesio, meaning "injury". Lesions may occur in plants and animals.
Iqbal Hussain Qureshi
Iqbal Hussain Qureshi (Urdu: اقبال حسين قریشی) (27 September 1937 – 8 December 2012) SI, FPAS, best known as I.H. Qureshi, was a Pakistani nuclear chemist and an Emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi. Qureshi was the principal contributor of scientific understanding of various chemical elements: bismuth, cobalt, strontium, thallium, tritium, iron, rubidium, and zinc.: 1–68

His career was mostly spent with the Government of Pakistan after leaving his research work at the national laboratories, and advising the government on nuclear policy issues. He pushed his influential role at the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA) and the peaceful applications of nuclear science. He spent many years as an educator and research scientist at the Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences in Nilore before taking a professorship at the Karachi University.

Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اکادمی برائے سائنس) (abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country."

Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, the academy acts as a consultative forum and scientific advisor to the Pakistan government on important aspects on the affairs of all forms of science– the social and physical sciences. Regulating affairs of by its Charter and laws approved by the fellows, the academy is governed by a council that is chaired by its President.

Due to its utmost importance, the fellowship of the academy is extremely restricted, only to the scholars of the high merit who have made outstanding contributions to the advancement of scientific knowledge.
Shabba Doo
Adolfo Quiñones (May 11, 1955 – December 29, 2020), known professionally as Shabba Doo, was an American actor, break dancer, and choreographer. Of African American and Puerto Rican descent, Quiñones was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois. In the 1970s his family moved to Los Angeles, where he became interested in dancing and began performing in nightclubs. He adopted the pseudonym Shabba Doo and joined the dance group The Lockers, who were responsible for popularizing the locking style of street dance.

In 1984, Quiñones played one of the lead characters in the breakdancing-themed musical film Breakin',. The film was successful at the box-office, grossing $38,682,707 domestically, and spawned a sequel Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo. Quiñones continued acting in films and television.

Throughout his career, Quiñones performed and choreographed dance for musical acts such as Lionel Richie, Madonna, Luther Vandross, Three Six Mafia, and Chaka Khan.

Breakdancing
Breakdancing or breaking, also called b-boying (when performed by men) or b-girling (women), is a style of street dance developed by African Americans and Puerto Ricans in The Bronx borough of New York City.

Breakdancing consists mainly of four kinds of movement—toprock, footwork, power moves, and freezes—and is typically set to songs containing drum breaks, especially in funk, soul, and hip-hop. Its modern dance elements originated among the poor youth of New York during the 1970s and early 1980s. It is tied to the birth of hip-hop, whose DJs played songs featuring rhythmic breaks for dancers.

The dance form has expanded globally, with an array of organizations and independent competitions supporting its growth. Breaking became an Olympic sport at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, as per a December 7, 2020 decision by the International Olympic Committee, after a proposal by the World DanceSport Federation.
Reint E. Gropp
Reint E. Gropp (born 21 December 1966, in Bottrop) is a German economist, the president of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH)  as well as professor of economics at Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg. His fields of research cover financial economics, macroeconomics, corporate finance as well as money and banking.

Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
The Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (English pronunciationⓘ;  German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg listenⓘ; OVGU) is a public research university founded in 1993 and located in Magdeburg, the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The university has about 13,000 students across nine faculties.

The university is named after the physicist and former mayor of Magdeburg Otto von Guericke. The main research areas of the university are in the process engineering, neurosciences, biosystems technology, disease prevention, automotive research, digital engineering and renewable energies.

One of the best-known alumni and professors is the Leibniz Prize winner Axel Ockenfels.
Yang Jiachi
Yang Jiachi (Chinese: 杨嘉墀; 16 July 1919 – 11 June 2006) was a Chinese aerospace engineer and a specialist in satellite control and automation. A participant in the development of China's first satellites and the developer of the attitude control system for recoverable satellites, he was awarded the Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal in 1999. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the International Academy of Astronautics. The asteroid 11637 Yangjiachi is named after him.

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

Controlling vehicle attitude requires actuators to apply the torques needed to orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on the current attitude and specification of a desired attitude.

Before and during attitude control can be performed, spacecraft attitude determination must be performed, which requires sensors for absolute or relative measurement.

The broader integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called guidance, navigation and control, which also involves non-attitude concepts, such as position determination and navigation.
The Heart Stone
The Heart Stone or Clach Cridhe in Perth and Kinross, Scotland is an ancient landmark on Rannoch Moor situated on the old 'Road to the Isles'. During the construction of the B846 road from Kinloch Rannoch to Rannoch railway station it was seen as an obstacle and was drilled and split and later it was moved to its present location in the 1950s to prevent it being submerged in the artificially enlarged Loch Eigheach Gaur Reservoir. The stone now stands beside the B846 road from the station to Kinloch Rannoch.

Rannoch railway station
Rannoch railway station, on the West Highland Line, serves the area of Rannoch in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. In 2017, Simon Jenkins reported it to be one of the best 10 stations in Britain. It is situated between Corrour and Bridge of Orchy, 64 miles 36 chains (103.7 km) from Craigendoran Junction, near Helensburgh. ScotRail manage the station and operate most services, along with Caledonian Sleeper.
Wheatgrass
Wheatgrass is the freshly sprouted first leaves of the common wheat plant (Triticum aestivum), used as a food, drink, or dietary supplement. Wheatgrass is served freeze dried or fresh, and so it differs from wheat malt, which is convectively dried. Wheatgrass is allowed to grow longer and taller than wheat malt.

Like most plants, wheatgrass contains chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins and antioxidant enzymes. Claims about the health benefits of wheatgrass range from providing supplemental nutrition, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-oxiditative effects to having unique curative properties, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.

Because of the low temperature used in processing, the rehydrated product retains many of its original qualities. When solid objects like strawberries are freeze dried the original shape of the product is maintained. If the product to be dried is a liquid, as often seen in pharmaceutical applications, the properties of the final product are optimized by the combination of excipients (i.e., inactive ingredients). Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee), and preservation.
Vladimir Alekseyev (general)
Vladimir Stepanovich Alekseyev (Russian: Владимир Степанович Алексеев; born 24 April 1961) is a Russian lieutenant general who has served as first deputy head of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces (GRU) since 2011.  He was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation for his involvement in the Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war. Alekseyev is known to have intelligence connections to paramilitary groups around the world. The European Union and UK placed Alekseyev under sanctions after they accused the GRU of being behind the 2018 nerve agent attack in Salisbury in the UK. He was also allegedly involved in interfering in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Alekseyev was shot and seriously wounded in Moscow on 6 February 2026.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Arielle Jacobs
Arielle Jacobs is an American singer and actress, mostly seen on stage in musicals. She is best known for her roles as Nina Rosario in the US Tour and Broadway productions of In the Heights and as Princess Jasmine in the Australian and Broadway productions of Aladdin.

Jacobs originated the role of Gabriella Montez in the First National Tour of High School Musical on Stage!. She also originated the role of Imelda Marcos in the Broadway production of David Byrne and Fatboy Slim’s Here Lies Love.

High School Musical on Stage!
High School Musical on Stage! is a musical based on the 2006 Disney Channel Original Movie High School Musical, with music and lyrics by Matthew Gerrard, Robbie Nevil, Ray and Greg Cham, Drew Seeley, Randy Petersen, Kevin Quinn, Andy Dodd, Adam Watts, Bryan Louiselle, David N. Lawrence, Faye Greenberg and Jamie Houston, and a book by David Simpatico.  It quickly became a popular choice for high school musical theater productions.
Physics of computation
The study of the physics of computation relates to understanding the fundamental physical limits of computers. This field has led to the investigation of how thermodynamics limits information processing, the understanding of chaos and dynamical systems, and a rapidly growing effort to invent new quantum computers.

Limits of computation
The limits of computation are governed by a number of different factors. In particular, there are several physical and practical limits to the amount of computation or data storage that can be performed with a given amount of mass, volume, or energy.