hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Law of Hostages
The Law of Hostages was a 1799 law enacted by the French Directory during the final stages of the French Revolution (July–October 1799) to strengthen its power in regions that the Directory viewed as problematic. The law allowed local authorities to draw up lists of "hostages", who would be held responsible for certain criminal offences, particularly targeting notables suspected of threatening the Directory's authority. Since local authorities were responsible for the law's execution, it was not always effective. Local authorities often sympathized with those it targeted or refrained from enforcement to avoid strife in their community.

The law was repealed in November 1799, after Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire.

Coup of 18 Brumaire
The Coup of 18 Brumaire (French: Coup d'État du 18 Brumaire) brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of the French First Republic. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and would soon lead to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII, under the short-lived French Republican calendar system.
Aznar Sánchez of Gascony
Aznar (or Asnar) Sánchez (Basque: Aznar Antso, French: Aznard Sanche, Gascon: Aznar Sans) (died 836) was the Duke of Gascony from 820. He was the supposed son of Sancho I of Gascony, though he has been identified with Aznar Galíndez I, Count of Aragon.

In 824, according to the Vita Hludowici, the counts Aznar and Aeblus (Eblus atque Asenarius committees) led an army against rebellious Pamplona. According to the Annales regni Francorum of Einhard, they (Aeblus et Asinarius comites) brought a great deal of wealth with them. They were defeated in a "second Roncesvalles" and Pamplona gained its independence while the two counts were captured. Aznar, however, being a relative (consanguineus) of his captors, according to Astronomus, was released.

Aznar fell out with Berengar's successor in the March of Gothia, Bernard of Septimania. In 828, Gascony revolted again. In 836, Aznar was killed (a horrible death).

Vita Hludovici
Vita Hludovici or  Vita Hludovici Imperatoris  (The Life of Louis or the Life of the Emperor Louis) is an anonymous biography of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from AD 814 to 840.
La'Michael Pettway
La'Michael Pettway (born March 20, 1997) is an American professional football tight end. He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and Iowa State Cyclones. After going unselected in the 2020 NFL draft, Pettway played for the Aviators of The Spring League (TSL) in 2021, then for the Michigan Panthers (2022) and Birmingham Stallions (2023) of the United States Football League (USFL), before signing his first NFL contract with the Indianapolis Colts in 2023.

Iowa State Cyclones football
The Iowa State Cyclones football program is the intercollegiate football team at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. The team is coached by Jimmy Rogers. The Cyclones compete in the Big 12 Conference, and are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the NCAA. The Cyclones play their home games at Jack Trice Stadium, with a capacity of 61,500. The Iowa State Cyclones football team drew an average home attendance of 60,384 in 2023, the 28th highest in college football.
Gary O'Neil
Gary Paul O'Neil (born 18 May 1983) is an English football manager and former player who is currently head coach of Ligue 1 club Strasbourg.

A midfielder, O'Neil made 214 Premier League appearances and scored 16 goals between 2003 and 2016, representing Portsmouth, Middlesbrough, West Ham United and Norwich City. He also played in the Football League First Division or EFL Championship for all four of those clubs plus Walsall, Cardiff City, Queens Park Rangers, Bristol City and Bolton Wanderers.

In his first job as a manager, O'Neil led AFC Bournemouth to a 15th place finish in the 2022–23 Premier League, but was then dismissed ahead of the following season. He was appointed head coach by Wolverhampton Wanderers in August 2023 and sacked from the position in December 2024.

Harry Redknapp
Henry James Redknapp (born 2 March 1947) is an English former football manager and player. He has previously managed AFC Bournemouth, West Ham United, Portsmouth, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, Queens Park Rangers and Birmingham City. In his second spell at Portsmouth, he managed the side that won the 2008 FA Cup. At the conclusion of the 2009–10 season, he guided Tottenham into the UEFA Champions League. Redknapp announced his retirement from football management in 2017.

His son, Jamie Redknapp, played under him at Bournemouth and Southampton. He is also uncle to Frank Lampard, who played under him at West Ham United.
Savage Cup
The Savage Cup is the trophy that is awarded to British Columbia’s senior ice hockey champions.
This trophy was first presented in 1912-13 to the ice hockey team fielded by the Vancouver Rowing Club.
and the Savage Cup will be awarded to the BC provincial champions for the 2009-10 season.

Historically the Savage Cup winner was advanced directly to the Allan Cup playoffs, with the first playoff game against the Alberta champions.
Over time, provincial senior hockey leagues became less common in Canada; starting with the 2009-10 season, the Savage Cup is awarded to the top British Columbia team at the Allan Cup, if one competes in that annual tournament.

Allan Cup
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Canada. It was donated by Sir Montagu Allan of Ravenscrag, Montreal, and has been competed for since 1909. It was most recently won by the Wentworth Gryphins in 2025.
WTA Tier V tournaments
The WTA Tier V tournaments were the fifth, and lowest, level of women's tennis tournaments on the WTA Tour between 1990 and 1992 and from 2001 to 2005. The line-up of events varied over the years, with tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled. Most of the Tier V tournaments became Tier IV events between 1993 and 2000 and from 2006 to 2008.

In 2009, WTA changed the tournament categories, so that most of the Tier III, Tier IV and Tier V tournaments from 2008 were placed in a single, WTA International tournaments, category.

WTA Tier III tournaments
The WTA Tier III tournaments were Women's Tennis Association tennis third-level tournaments held from 1990 until the end of the 2008 season. The line-up of events varied over the years due to tournaments being promoted, demoted or cancelled.

From 2009, most Tier III and Tier IV tournaments from previous seasons became WTA International Tournaments owing to a category change. The main reason for the changes was to ease the pressure on players in terms of the number of tournaments that they were required to play.
2019 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
The 2019 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on Tuesday, April 2, 2019, to elect a justice to the Wisconsin Supreme Court for a ten-year term. The Incumbent justice, Shirley Abrahamson, retired after 43 years on the court, the longest in the history of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Although the Wisconsin Supreme Court justices are considered nonpartisan, Abrahamson identified as a liberal and voted with the liberal 3–4 minority on the court. Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge Brian Hagedorn narrowly defeated Chief Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals Lisa Neubauer, shifting the ideology of the court towards conservatives.

This is the most recent time that a conservative candidate has won election to the court. It is also the only contested supreme court election held since 2016 that did not see a liberal candidate win at least 55% of the vote against a conservative candidate (as has been the outcomes of the 2018, 2020, 2023, and 2025 elections).

Wisconsin Court of Appeals
The Wisconsin Court of Appeals is an intermediate appellate court that reviews contested decisions of the Wisconsin circuit courts.  The Court of Appeals was created in August 1978 to alleviate the Wisconsin Supreme Court's rising number of appellate cases.  Published Court of Appeals opinions are considered binding precedent until overruled by the Supreme Court; unpublished opinions are not.  The Court hears most appeals in three-judge panels, but appeals of circuit court decisions in misdemeanor, small claims, and municipal ordinance cases are decided by a single judge.
Oleg Tverdovsky
Oleg Fedorovych Tverdovsky (Russian: Олег Фёдорович Твердовский; born 18 May 1976) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played professionally from 1994 to 2013. He was selected 2nd overall by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the 1994 NHL entry draft, playing 713 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Carolina Hurricanes, and Los Angeles Kings. He won 2 Stanley Cups with the Devils in 2003, and the Hurricanes in 2006.

He also played in the Russian Superleague (RSL)/Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Avangard Omsk, Salavat Yulayev Ufa, and Metallurg Magnitogorsk winning 2 RSL Championships in 2004 (Avangard Omsk), and 2008 (Salavat Yulaev Ufa), he later won a Gagarin Cup in 2011 with Salavat Yulaev Ufa.

Avangard Omsk
Hockey Club Avangard (Russian: ХК Авангард, Vanguard), also known as Avangard Omsk, is a professional ice hockey club based in Omsk, Russia. It is a member of the Chernyshev Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Bert E. Salisbury
Bert Eugene Salisbury (May 28, 1870 – October 20, 1946), was appointed president of Onondaga Pottery Company (O.P.Co.), later renamed to Syracuse China in 1913, and president and general manager of Pass & Seymour, Inc. in Solvay, a suburb of Syracuse, New York, in 1914. He ran both companies for many years.

Syracuse China
Syracuse China, located in Lyncourt, New York (a suburb of Syracuse), was a manufacturer of fine china. Founded in 1871 as Onondaga Pottery Company (O.P. Co.) in the town of Geddes, the company initially produced earthenware; in the late 19th century, O.P.Co., began producing fine china, for which it found a strong market particularly in hotels, restaurants, and railroad dining cars. Later changing their name to match their product line, the company closed in 2009.
An Urban Allegory (film)
An Urban Allegory (French: Allégorie citadine) is 2024 French short film co-written and co-directed by Alice Rohrwacher and JR based on Plato's Allegory of the cave, starring Lyna Khoudri, Naïm El Kaldaoui and Leos Carax. The film had its world premiere at the 81st Venice Film Festival in the Out of Competition (Fiction) section on 1 September 2024.

Alice Rohrwacher
Alice Rohrwacher (Italian: [aˈliːtʃe rorˈvaːker] ⓘ, German: [ˈʁoːɐ̯vaxɐ]; born 29 December 1981) is an Italian film director, editor and screenwriter. She made her directorial debut with Heavenly Body (2011) and gained international attention with The Wonders (2014), which won the Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival). She received further acclaim for Happy as Lazzaro (2018), winner of the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay, and for La chimera (2023), which competed for the Palme d'Or. Her short film Le pupille (2022) was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. In 2026, she will receive the European Film Academy Achievement in World Cinema Award.
Fairmont Coke Works
The Fairmont Coke Works was a Sharon Steel Corporation-operated works site in Fairmont, West Virginia, dubbed the Sharon Steel / Fairmont Coke works site. It was later classified as a Superfund site. After decades of remediation, plots of the land have been redeveloped.

Sharon Steel Corporation
Sharon Steel Corporation was an American steel company. Chairmen included Henry A. Roemer and later, Victor Posner. After it went bankrupt in the late 1980s, in late 1992, Sharon Steel Corp. was purchased by Caparo Steel. After a second banktrupcy in 1994, in 2007, Sharon Coating LLC (formerly Sharon Steel Corp.) in Farrell, Pennsylvania was acquired in a joint venture by Russia’s Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) and Switzerland’s Duferco.
Picea aurantiaca
Picea aurantiaca is a species of conifer in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is endemic to China, where it is only known from western Sichuan. Its common name is orange spruce.

This tree grows on steep mountain slopes on the edges of forests. It grows in a cold subalpine climate up to about 3800 to 4000 meters in maximum elevation. It can be found alongside Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, Abies squamata, Larix potaninii, and birches.

This species is closely related to Picea asperata and it is sometimes treated as a variety.

Picea asperata
Picea asperata (dragon spruce; Chinese: 雲杉) is a species of spruce in the family Pinaceae. It is native to western China, from eastern Qinghai, southern Gansu and southwestern Shaanxi south to western Sichuan.
El Con Center
El Con Center is an open-air shopping mall in the city of Tucson, Arizona, United States anchored by Cinemark Theatres, Target, The Home Depot, Walmart, Ross (30,220 ft.2), Burlington (65,680 ft.2), and Marshalls. There is 1 vacant anchor store that was once JCPenney. The oldest mall in metropolitan Tucson, El Con Mall, as it was known since its opening in 1960, was renamed in May 2014 at the time of its sale for $81.7 million to Stan Kroenke, owner of numerous sports properties including Arsenal F.C. and the Los Angeles Rams.

Home Depot
The Home Depot, Inc., often referred to as Home Depot, is an American multinational home improvement retail corporation which sells tools, construction products, appliances, and services including fuel and transportation rentals. Home Depot is the largest home improvement retailer in the United States. In 2021, the company had 490,600 employees and more than $151 billion in revenue. The company is headquartered in Cobb County, Georgia, with an Atlanta mailing address.

Home Depot operates many big-box format stores across the United States (including the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands); all 10 provinces of Canada; and all 32 Mexican states and Mexico City. Interline Brands (The Home Depot Pro), a maintenance, repair, and operations company  is also owned by The Home Depot, with 70 distribution centers across the United States. It is the seventh largest United States–based employer globally.
Girraween, Queensland
Girraween is an undeveloped locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It is in the Granite Belt and on the border with New South Wales. In the 2021 census, Girraween had a population of 5 people.

Ballandean, Queensland
Ballandean is a rural town and locality in the Southern Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. The town has a number of nearby vineyards which attract tourists to the area. In the 2021 census, the locality of Ballandean had a population of 316 people.
Addison Wiley
Addison "Addy" Wiley (born October 24, 2003) is an American professional middle- and long-distance runner and the American Record Holder in the 1000m.

Wiley is an eight-time NAIA national champion in cross country and track and field. She held the high school national record for the 1600m with a time of 4:26.16 and the collegiate record for the 1500m with a time of 3:59.17.  She placed 5th in the World Athletics U20 Championships in the 1500m in 2022 and won gold in the NACAC U23 championships in 2023.  She placed 2nd at the USATF indoor championships in the 800m to qualify for the 2024 world indoor championships in Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Jenny Simpson
Jennifer Simpson (née Barringer; born August 23, 1986) is a retired American middle- and long-distance runner. She won the gold medal in the 1500 meters at the 2011 World Championships, silvers at the 2013 and 2017 World Championships, and a bronze at the 2016 Rio Olympics.

Simpson is a former American record holder for the 3000 metres steeplechase. She represented the United States at the 2008 Beijing, 2012 London, and 2016 Rio Olympics. She was the 2014 Diamond League 1500 m winner. Simpson won 11 individual American national titles. She is a four-time individual NCAA Division I champion.

In February 2026, Fleet Feet appointed Simpson as its first-ever Chief Running Officer.
Joseph S. Clark's and Robert F. Kennedy's tour of the Mississippi Delta
On April 10, 1967, United States Senators Joseph S. Clark and Robert F. Kennedy toured the Mississippi Delta at the behest of civil rights lawyer Marian Wright. Clark and Kennedy, together with two other Senators, Jacob Javits and George Murphy, traveled to Mississippi to investigate reports of extreme poverty and starvation. Following a field hearing, they drove from Greenville to Clarksdale, stopping and touring impoverished communities as they went. Deeply disturbed by what they saw, the senators returned to Washington, D.C., and began pushing for a series of reforms to alleviate the situation. Extensive media coverage of the event exposed the American public to real instances of malnutrition and starvation. The country was shocked and hunger became an important topic nationwide as people began looking for solutions. Efforts by the government and political action groups ultimately resulted in the problem being largely reduced by the 1970s.

Greenville, Mississippi
Greenville is the ninth-most populous city in the U.S. state of Mississippi, and the largest city by population in the Mississippi Delta region. It is the county seat of Washington County. The population was 29,670 at the 2020 Census.
Parkville station (Connecticut)
Parkville (known as Park Street during early planning) is a bus rapid transit station on the CTfastrak line, located near the intersection of Park Street and Francis Avenue in Hartford, Connecticut. It opened with the line on March 28, 2015. The station consists of two side platforms serving the busway, with two center passing lanes to allow express buses to pass buses stopped at the station.

The New York and New England Railroad (and predecessor Hartford, Providence and Fishkill Railroad) served a station approximately at the modern location. It opened around 1871, with a wooden depot built the next year. It may have been served until the end of passenger service between Hartford and New Britain in 1959. Trains using the parallel Springfield Line, originally built by the Hartford and New Haven Railroad, did not stop at Parkville.

CT Fastrak
CTfastrak (constructed as the New Britain-Hartford Busway) is a regional bus rapid transit system currently operating between downtown Hartford and Downtown New Britain station in New Britain in central Connecticut. Operated by Connecticut Transit, it is the first bus rapid transit system in Connecticut and the second in New England after the MBTA Silver Line. CTfastrak opened on March 28, 2015 after fifteen years of planning and three years of construction.

CTfastrak services run on a 9.4-mile (15.1 km) dedicated busway which runs on an abandoned railroad right-of-way from Downtown New Britain to Newington Junction and alongside the active New Haven–Springfield Line from Newington Junction to downtown Hartford. Eight local and four express routes operate along the busway and over on-street loops in downtown Hartford.

CTfastrak is the highest rated BRT system in the United States, with a Silver rating according to the BRT Standard.
Pat kon
The pat kon (Mon: ဗာတ်ကိုၚ်) is a graduated brass gong chime associated with the Mon people of mainland Southeast Asia. The pat kon has been absorbed into the traditional musical ensembles of neighboring Southeast Asian societies.

Khong wong yai
The khong wong yai (Thai: ฆ้องวงใหญ่, pronounced [kʰɔ́ːŋ woŋ jàj]) is a circle with gongs used in the music of Thailand. It has 16 tuned bossed gongs in a rattan frame and is played with two beaters. The player sits in the center of the circle. It is used in the piphat ensemble to provide the skeletal melody the other instruments of the elaborate ensemble. The gongs are individually tuned with beeswax under the gongs. The khong wong yai can either be played with soft beaters or hard beaters.

It is equivalent to the kong thom in Cambodian music.
Slobodskoy, Kirov Oblast
Slobodskoy (Russian: Слободско́й) is a town in Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vyatka River, 35 kilometers (22 mi) northeast of Kirov. Population:  33,981 (2010 Census); 33,477 (2002 Census); 39,249 (1989 Soviet census).

Vyatka (river)
The Vyatka is a river in Kirov Oblast and Tatarstan in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kama. It is 1,314 kilometres (816 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 129,000 square kilometres (50,000 mi2).

The Vyatka begins in the northern parts of Udmurtia. It freezes over in the early November and remains so until the second half of April. The Vyatka teems with fish, including bream, roach, tench, sheat fish, pike, European perch, zander, etc.

The Vyatka is navigable from its mouth to the city of Kirov, 700 kilometres (430 mi) upriver. Kirov was formerly known as Vyatka after the river before it was renamed  in 1934. The main ports are Kirov, Kotelnich, Sovetsk, and Vyatskiye Polyany.
Layman, Ohio
Layman is an unincorporated community in northeastern Fairfield Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.  It lies where Brownrigg Road and Tick Ridge Road intersect with State Route 550.

It is located 27 miles east of Athens and 3 miles west of Barlow.

Although it once had a post office, it is now serviced by the rural mail routes of Cutler, Vincent, Stockport, and Waterford.

Waterford, Ohio
Waterford is a census-designated place in central Waterford Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.  It is located on State Route 339 across the Muskingum River from the village of Beverly, slightly below where Wolf Creek meets the Muskingum. The population was 384 at the 2020 census.
Joe Batchelor
Joe Batchelor (born 28 October 1994) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for Hull FC in the Super League and England at international level.

He has played for the Coventry Bears and the York City Knights in League 1. Batchelor has spent time on loan from Saints at York and the Leigh Centurions in the Betfred Championship. From 2026 he will play for Hull F.C. after signing a three-year deal with the club.

Midlands Hurricanes
The Midlands Hurricanes are a semi-professional rugby league club based in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. They were founded in 2021 and took over the professional franchise owned by Coventry Bears previously entering the third tier of the British rugby league system, currently known as League One in 2015.
Ruskie Business
"Ruskie Business" is the fifteenth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars. Written by Phil Klemmer and John Enbom and directed by Guy Bee, the episode premiered on UPN on February 22, 2005.

The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica is hired by a Russian mail-order bride who requests her help in finding a long-lost love. Meanwhile, Veronica must help her friend, Meg (Alona Tal) deal with a secret admirer while simultaneously guiding Logan (Jason Dohring) through the possibility that his mother, Lynn (Lisa Rinna) may still be alive.

Alona Tal
Alona Tal (Hebrew: אלונה טל, IPA: [aˈlona ˈtal]; born (1983-10-20)October 20, 1983) is an Israeli actress and singer. She is known for her roles in Veronica Mars as the cheerleader Meg Manning, in Supernatural as budding monster hunter Jo Harvelle, as Sonya Lebedenko in the final season of Burn Notice, as grad student Stella Baxter in SEAL Team, and as FBI agent Kayla Craig in Cross.