hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noire River (Yamaska River tributary)
The Noire River (French: rivière Noire, in English: Black River) is the most important tributary of the Yamaska River. The Black River flows on the South Shore of the Saint Lawrence River, in Quebec, Canada, passing through the municipalities of:

MRC Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Estrie:

Stukely-Sud,

MRC Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Estrie:

Sainte-Anne-de-la-Rochelle,

Lawrenceville,

Valcourt,

Maricourt,

MRC of Acton Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Sainte-Christine

Roxton

Roxton Falls

Acton Vale

Saint-Théodore-d'Acton

Upton

MRC Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Saint-Valérien-de-Milton

Saint-Pie

MRC of La Haute-Yamaska Regional County Municipality in the administrative region of Montérégie

Sainte-Cécile-de-Milton

Valcourt (township)
Valcourt (French pronunciation: [valkuʁ] ⓘ) is a township municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located within the Le Val-Saint-François Regional County Municipality. The township had a population of 1,047 in the Canada 2011 Census.
Bullet Cluster
The Bullet Cluster (1E 0657-56) consists of two colliding clusters of galaxies. Strictly speaking, the name Bullet Cluster refers to the smaller subcluster, moving away from the larger one. It is at a comoving radial distance of 1.141 Gpc (3.72 billion light-years). The first known reference to this cluster comes from a 1992 paper titled, "The Einstein Slew Survey".

The object is of a particular note for astrophysicists, because gravitational lensing studies of the Bullet Cluster are claimed to provide strong evidence for the existence of dark matter.
Observations of other galaxy cluster collisions, such as MACS J0025.4-1222, similarly support the existence of dark matter.

Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is matter, such as a cluster of galaxies or a point particle, that bends light from a distant source as it travels toward an observer. The amount of gravitational lensing is described by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. If light is treated as corpuscles travelling at the speed of light, Newtonian physics also predicts the bending of light, but only half of that predicted by general relativity.

Orest Khvolson (1924) and Frantisek Link (1936) are generally credited with being the first to discuss the effect in print, but it is more commonly associated with Einstein, who made unpublished calculations on it in 1912 and published an article on the subject in 1936.

In 1937, Fritz Zwicky posited that galaxy clusters could act as gravitational lenses, a claim confirmed in 1979 by observation of the Twin QSO SBS 0957+561.
Presidency of Ignacio Andrade
The presidency of Ignacio Andrade (1898–1899), of Venezuela, is considered to have operated under the influence of Joaquín Crespo, having been consolidated through electoral fraud against José Manuel "El Mocho" Hernández. This administration marked the last government elected under the Liberal Party for the 1898–1902 term.

Following Crespo's death in combat in the same year as Andrade's inauguration, his presidency weakened and ultimately collapsed during the Restorative Liberal Revolution the following year, led by Cipriano Castro. Andrade fled into exile in Puerto Rico.

Cipriano Castro
José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a Venezuelan politician and officer of the military who served as president from 1899 to 1908. He was the first man from the Venezuelan Andes to rule the country, and was the first of four military strongmen from the Andean state of Táchira to rule the country over the next 46 years.
Midway, Washington County, Oregon
Midway is an unincorporated rural community in Washington County, Oregon, United States.  It is located on Oregon Route 219 about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Scholls. The area is the halfway point between Hillsboro to the north and Sherwood to the southeast, thus it became known as Midway. Midway has a large plant nursery business, a bar and grill and a rural fire station for Washington County Fire District 2.

Midway's 1912 former one-room schoolhouse, closed in 1946, has been preserved as a private residence. Before being converted into a home, it served as a lodge for the Odd Fellows and Rebekahs. When the school closed, Midway School District merged with the Jacktown, Groner and Kinton school districts to form the Groner School District, which along with other small districts such as Farmington View later merged into the Hillsboro School District.

Scholls, Oregon
Scholls, Oregon is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Oregon, United States. It is located along the southern shore of the Tualatin River, near the intersection of Oregon Routes 210 and 219. Scholls is located approximately seven miles north of Newberg, seven miles west of Tigard and eight miles south of Hillsboro. The area around Scholls is primarily agricultural.
Charbel Tasipale
Charbel Tasipale is a Lebanon international rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward or centre for the Newtown Jets in the NSW Cup. He was released from his contract with Castleford Tigers in June 2024, after returning home on compassionate grounds.

He has previously played for the Parramatta Eels and the Newtown Jets in the NSW Cup.

NSW Cup
The NSW Cup, currently known as the Knock-On Effect NSW Cup for sponsorship reasons, is a rugby league competition for clubs in New South Wales. The competition has a history dating back to the NSWRFL's origins in 1908, starting off as a reserve grade competition, and is now the premier open age competition in the state. The New South Wales Cup, along with the Queensland Cup, acts as a feeder competition to the National Rugby League premiership. The competition is the oldest continuous rugby league competition in Australia.

The NSW Cup is contested by reserve squads of NSW-based NRL teams and also includes sides representing teams that once competed at the first grade level in the NSWRL Premiership but no longer field teams in the NRL competition, and teams that have not fielded teams in the NRL competition. The North Sydney Bears are the only team to have competed in every season, since the start of the competition since 1908.
History of neurology and neurosurgery
The study of neurology and neurosurgery dates back to prehistoric times, but the academic disciplines did not begin until the 16th century. The formal organization of the medical specialties of neurology and neurosurgery are relatively recent, taking place in Europe and the United States only in the 20th century with the establishment of professional societies distinct from internal medicine, psychiatry and general surgery. From an observational science they developed a systematic way of approaching the nervous system and possible interventions in neurological disease.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Greg Walker (academic)
Greg Walker FRSE is Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at the University of Edinburgh. He is a graduate of the University of Southampton. His specialist field is the history of literature and drama in the late-medieval period and the sixteenth century. Before taking up the Regius Chair he was the Masson Professor of English at Edinburgh. Before that he was Professor of Early-Modern Literature and Culture and Director of the Medieval Research Centre at the University of Leicester. Between 1986 and 1989 he was a British Academy Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Southampton and has also taught at the Universities of Queensland and Buckingham. He was the Head of Edinburgh's School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures between 2008 and 2011.

In 2022, he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

Academia Europaea
The Academia Europaea is a pan-European Academy of humanities, letters, law, and sciences.
The Academia was founded in 1988 as a functioning Europe-wide Academy that encompasses all fields of scholarly inquiry. It acts as co-ordinator of European interests in national research agencies.
Salim Lahoud
Salim Nassib Lahoud (1910–1971) was a Lebanese Maronite Christian political figure who was a Member of Parliament and Minister of Foreign Affairs and National Defense of Lebanon in the 1950s among other ministerial posts.

Lahoud was the father of Lebanese Ambassador to the U.S.A., Member of Parliament and Minister of State H.E Nassib Lahoud. He is part of the Lahoud family, one of the most prominent Lebanese-Christian political families (See List of political families).

Lahoud was elected to the Lebanese Parliament in 1952, 1956, 1960, and 1968 as an ally of the National Liberal Party of president Camille Chamoun. Lahoud held various ministerial posts including Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Defense and Minister of Public works of the Republic of Lebanon.

He was married to Nadia Lahoud, née Yared. They had 2 sons; Samir and Nassib Lahoud.

Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, romanized: Kamīl Nimr Shamʿūn, pronounced [kaˈmiːl ʃamˈʕuːn]; 3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician and za'im (political boss) who served as the 2nd president of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958. He was one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War.
Lensia
Lensia is a genus of hydrozoans belonging to the order Siphonoporae and the family Diphyidae. This genus is colonial and consists of many different types of highly specialized zooids. The genus Lensia was first established in 1932 by Dr. Arthur Knyvett Totton, who would also describe and add another 11 species during his career. As of March 2023, the genus consists of only 26 described and accepted species and an additional seven uncertain species, according to the World Register of Marine Species.

Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) 'water' and ζώα (zóa) 'animals') is a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals, which also belong to the phylum Cnidaria.

Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (Craspedacusta sowerbyi), freshwater polyps (Hydra), Obelia, Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis), chondrophores (Porpitidae), and pink-hearted hydroids (Tubularia).
Eusebia (empress)
Eusebia (Greek: Εύσεβία, died before 361) was Roman empress as the second wife of Roman emperor Constantius II. The main sources for the knowledge about her life are Julian's panegyric "Speech of Thanks to the Empress Eusebia", as well as several remarks by the historian Ammianus Marcellinus.

Panegyric
A panegyric (US: /ˌpænɪˈdʒɪrɪk/ or UK: /ˌpænɪˈdʒaɪrɪk/) or praise poem is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens.
1903 Melbourne Cup
The 1903 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 3 November 1903.

Lord Cardigan died from the effects of the race a few days after his run in the 1904 Melbourne Cup where he ran second.

This year was the forty-third running of the Melbourne Cup.

This is the list of placegetters for the 1903 Melbourne Cup.

1904 Melbourne Cup
The 1904 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile Group One handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 1 November 1904.

Franklyn Barrett filmed the Melbourne Cup. This was the first time the Melbourne Cup had been filmed from start to finish.

The placegetters were:
Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland
Live! Casino & Hotel Maryland, formerly Maryland Live! Casino, is a casino hotel in Hanover, Maryland, United States, adjacent to Arundel Mills Mall. It is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by The Cordish Companies. It opened in 2012, and was the first "Live!"-branded casino developed by Cordish. While Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood and Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Tampa are older Cordish casino hotels, they were not Live!-branded.

The casino has over 3,900 slot machines and electronic table games, 189 live table games, and 52 poker tables. There is parking for 5,000 vehicles in a six-story parking garage. At 17 stories, the hotel is the tallest building in Anne Arundel County.

Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Tampa
Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Tampa is a gaming complex and hotel that opened in 2004. It is located on the Tampa Reservation off of Interstate 4, just east of Tampa, Florida. The 190,000 square foot casino has been expanded multiple times since its opening. It is a 24-hour venue that permits smoking indoors.

It includes many displays of rock and roll memorabilia, such as clothing and musical instruments. Rock videos and music play on multiple screens, including one displayed inside a waterfall. Many song lyrics are displayed on the walls. Among its many services are a food court and tour bus parking. Special membership cards entitled "Seminole Wild Cards"  allow points accumulated by gambling to be redeemed for retail discounts, gambling playing credits, and other discounts and promotions.
Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū
Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū (無双直伝英信流 or 無雙直傳英信流) is a Japanese sword art school specializing in the iai technique. Often referred to simply as  "Eishin-ryū," it claims an unbroken lineage dating back from the sixteenth century to the early 20th century.  17th undisputed headmaster, Oe Masaji, awarded at least 16 licenses of full transmission, resulting in the school fracturing into multiple legitimate branches.

The school takes its name from its seventh headmaster, Hasegawa Chikaranosuke Hidenobu (長谷川主税助英信), who had founded Hasegawa Eishin-ryū. ‘Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū’ means ‘peerless, directly transmitted school of Eishin.’ ‘Eishin’ is an alternative pronunciation of ‘Hidenobu.’

Kata
Kata is a Japanese word  (型 or 形) meaning 'form'. It refers to a detailed choreographed pattern of martial arts movements. It can also be reviewed within groups and in unison when training. It is practiced in Japanese martial arts as a way to memorize and perfect the movements being executed.   Korean martial arts with Japanese influence (hapkido, Tang Soo Do) use the derived term hyeong (hanja: 形) and also the term pumsae (hanja: 品勢 hangeul: 품새).

Kata are also used in many traditional Japanese arts such as theatre forms like kabuki and schools of tea ceremony (chadō), but are most commonly known  in the martial arts. Kata are used by most Japanese and Okinawan martial arts, such as iaido, judo, kendo, kenpo, and karate.
Äbilgazy Qusaiynov
Äbilgazy Qaliaqparuly Qusaiynov (Kazakh: Әбілғазы Қалиақпарұлы Құсайынов, Äbılğazy Qaliaqparūly Qūsaiynov, [æbɘlɣɑzɯ qɑlijɑqpaɾo̙ɫɯ qo̙sajɯnəf]; born 6 February 1952) is a Kazakh politician who served as a Chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions of Kazakhstan from 2013 to 2017. He was the Äkim of Karaganda Region from 20 January 2012 to 28 January 2013 and prior to that, was Minister of Transport and Communications from 3 March 2009 to 12 April 2011. From 1995 to 1999, Qusaiynov was Senator for Karaganda Region where he served as its Deputy Chair from 10 March to 29 November 1999.

In 2015, Qusaiynov ran in the snap presidential election as an Independent candidate where he won only 0.64% of the vote.

Federation of Trade Unions of Kazakhstan
The Federation of Trade Unions of Kazakhstan (FTUK) is a national trade union center in Kazakhstan. It has a membership of 1.5 million, and is the successor organization to the official trade unions of the communist era.

FTUK is affiliated with the General Confederation of Trade Unions.
Alexandros Kasmeridis
Alexandros Kasmeridis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Κασμερίδης, born 23 April 1986) is a  former Greek footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He started his career at OFI in 2002 and stayed there until 2011, followed by three one-year spells at Thrasyvoulos, Levadiakos, Asteras Magoula and Olympiacos Volos, until he returned to OFI in 2015.

Kasmeridis is a former member of all youth national teams of Greece; under-17, under-19 and under-21 – he was also part of Greece's 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship squad.

OFI Crete F.C.
OFI Football Club (Greek: ΠΑΕ Όμιλος Φιλάθλων Ηρακλείου 1925, Heraklion Sportsmen Club 1925 FC), commonly referred to as OFI, is a Greek professional football club based in Heraklion, on the island of Crete. It is part of the OFI multi-sports club. The team competes in the Super League Greece, the top division of the Greek football league system, and hosts home games at the Pankritio Stadium in Heraklion, with capacity of 26,240 spectators.

OFI Crete is the most successful Cretan club and the only one from the island to have participated in European competitions. It is the team outside the two major urban centers of Athens and Thessaloniki with the most continuous appearances in the Greek first division, with 48 appearances as of 2024 since its debut in the first division in 1968-69. The club has secured one Greek Cup (1986–87) and one Balkans Cup (1989), and has competed seven times in UEFA competitions, distinguishing it as the premier team outside Athens and Thessaloniki.
Esther Swirk Brown
Esther Swirk Brown (September 19, 1917 – May 24, 1970) was an American activist who successfully fought to desegregate the schools of South Park, a neighborhood of Merriam, Kansas. She was instrumental in the successful case of Webb v. School District No. 90, which desegregated the schools in South Park. For her role in Brown v. Board of Education, she became known as "the white Mrs. Brown".

Merriam, Kansas
Merriam /ˈmɛriəm/ is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States, and part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 11,098.  Merriam is included in the Shawnee Mission postal designation. It is also the headquarters of Seaboard Corporation.
Shadow theatre Fireflies
Fireflies (shadow theatre) is an amateur collective which was created in November, 2010 in the city Chernihiv (Ukraine) and works in the genre of shadow theatre. A team Fireflies became the semifinalist of the talent show in television format of Got talent "Ukraine's Got Talent" in Ukraine, "Minuta slavy" in Russia, and also became the finalist and took the fourth place in the show "Mam Talent!" in Poland, first presented the genre of shadow theatre there.

Minuta slavy
Minute of Fame (Russian: Минута славы, romanized: Minuta slavy, IPA: [mʲɪˈnutə ˈslavɨ]) is a Russian television talent show competition originating from the Got Talent series and which started in February 2007 on 1TV.
For the first two seasons it was hosted by Garik Martirosyan, replaced in the 3rd season by Alexander Tsekalo, then in the 4th season the hosts were Alexander Oleshko and Ville Haapasalo, and in the 5th and 6th seasons Julia Kovalchuk took over from Haapasalo.
Dorothy A. Bennett
Dorothy Agnes Bennett (August 31, 1909 – February 9, 1999) was an American anthropologist, astronomer, curator, publisher, and author. She was the first assistant curator of the Hayden Planetarium, and co-created the Little Golden Books franchise.

Rose Center for Earth and Space
The Rose Center for Earth and Space is a part of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The Center's complete name is The Frederick Phineas and Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space. The main entrance is located on the northern side of the museum on 81st Street near Central Park West in Manhattan's Upper West Side. Completed in 2000, it includes the Hayden Planetarium, which was originally opened in 1935. Neil deGrasse Tyson is its first and, to date, only director.
Centra Building
The Centra Building (also known as the Centra Hotel, United Bank Building and Holiday Inn Christchurch City Centre) was a former office tower and hotel in central Christchurch, New Zealand. It was designed by architect Peter Beaven in the post-modernist Christchurch style, and was the eighth tallest tower in the central city prior to its demolition.

Built in the late 1980s, the Centra Building was originally built as an office tower for the headquarters of the United Building Society, which later became United Bank. In the mid-1990s, it was acquired by Philip Carter and remodeled as a hotel. In 2004, it rebranded as Holiday Inn Christchurch City Centre, and became colloquially known as the Holiday Inn building.

The Centra building was damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, and was demolished in October 2012. The site sat vacant under Carter's ownership until the 2020s, when resource consent was granted in 2022 to build a new retail space on the site.

United Building Society
United Building Society was a New Zealand building society, that became registered retail bank known as United Banking Group.  It was acquired by the 
State Bank of South Australia in 1990, which sold the bank to the Countrywide Bank in 1992 after the State Bank of S.A. had made significant losses.  The United Bank was merged with other Countrywide operations, and the name was dropped in 1994.
Éric Dupond-Moretti
Éric Paul Dupond-Moretti  ([eʁik dypɔ̃dmɔʁeti] ⓘ; born 20 April 1961) is a French-Italian lawyer and politician who served as Minister of Justice from 2020 to 2024 in the successive governments of Prime Ministers Jean Castex, Élisabeth Borne and Gabriel Attal. As a criminal defence lawyer, he is renowned for his number of acquittals which earned him the nickname "Acquitator", some of the controversial figures he defended, as well as his outspoken personality.

During his tenure as Justice Minister, he was one of the most prominent members of the government. His appointment came as a surprise to many political commentators.

Jean Castex
Jean Castex ([ʒɑ̃ kastɛks] ⓘ; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 3 July 2020 to 16 May 2022. He was a member of The Republicans (LR) until 2020. Castex served for twelve years as mayor of the small town of Prades prior to his appointment as prime minister by President Emmanuel Macron. He resigned his post ahead of the 2022 legislative election. After leaving public office, he served as president of the state-owned RATP from 2022 to 2025, and has served as president of the SNCF since November 2025.
Paper Man (1971 film)
Paper Man is a 1971 American television horror film transmitted as one of the "Friday Night Movies" which CBS-TV was then including in its prime-time programming. It also had a brief theatrical run with a longer version. It was directed by Walter Grauman, and dramatized for television by James D. Buchanan and Ronald Austin, both of whom were working from a story written by Anthony Wilson. It starred Dean Stockwell, Stefanie Powers, James Stacy, James Olson, Elliott Street, and Tina Chen.

James Stacy
Maurice William Elias (December 23, 1936 – September 9, 2016), known professionally as James Stacy, was an American film and television actor who starred in the late 1960s TV western Lancer.

In 1973, Stacy was hit by a drunk driver while riding his motorcycle, resulting in his left leg being severed. His left arm, nearly severed in the accident, was later amputated in the hospital. His girlfriend died in the crash. He returned to acting in 1975 before retiring in 1992.