hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Dunlap Observatory Catalogue
David Dunlap Observatory Catalogue, known as the DDO or A Catalogue of Dwarf Galaxies, is a catalogue of dwarf galaxies that was compiled by Sidney van den Bergh and published by the David Dunlap Observatory in 1959, and later expanded in 1966.

Dwarf galaxy
A dwarf galaxy is a small galaxy composed of about 1000 up to several billion stars, as compared to the Milky Way's 200–400 billion stars. The Large Magellanic Cloud, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
Gulf of Porto
The Gulf of Porto is a gulf of the Mediterranean Sea located on the western façade of the island of Corsica, France, well known for its dramatic coloration and rugged cliffs. The gulf is located within the department of Corse-du-Sud. The gulf and surrounding coast is part of the Regional Natural Park of Corsica. In 1983 the gulf was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, encompassing the Calanques de Piana, Gulf of Girolata, and Scandola Nature Reserve, due to its outstanding scenery, rich avian and marine life, and maquis shrubland.

Scandola Nature Reserve
The Scandola Nature Reserve  is located on the west coast of the French island of Corsica, within the Corsica Regional Park.  The reserve was established in 1975. The park and reserve has been recognized by the United Nations as a Natural UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983 because of its beauty, rich biodiversity, and maquis shrubland.
Opposition to World War II
Opposition to World War II was expressed by the governments and peoples of all combatant nations to various extents. Initial reluctance for conflict in the Allied democratic nations changed to overwhelming, but not complete, support once the war had been joined. Some politicians and military leaders in the Axis powers opposed starting or expanding the conflict during its course. However, the totalitarian nature of these countries limited their effect. Noncombatant nations opposed joining the war for a variety of reasons, including self preservation, economic disincentives or a belief in neutrality in upon itself. After the war the populations of the former Axis powers mostly regretted their nations' involvement. In contrast, the people of Allied nations celebrated their involvement and the perceived just nature of the war, particularly in comparison with World War I.

German collective guilt
German collective guilt (German: Kollektivschuld) refers to the contentious notion of a shared, collective responsibility attributed to the German people as a whole for the perpetration of the Holocaust and other atrocities committed by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Sayaka Yoshimura
Sayaka Yoshimura (吉村 紗也香, Yoshimura Sayaka; born January 30, 1992 in Kitami) is a Japanese curler from Sapporo, Hokkaido. She is the skip of the FORTIUS curling team, which won the Japan Curling Championships in 2015, 2021 and 2025. At the international level, she has represented Japan three times at the World Women's Curling Championship (2015, 2021, 2025) and two Pacific-Asia Curling Championships in 2014 and 2021, winning the gold medal in 2021.

2021 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships
The 2021 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships was held from November 7 to 13 at the Almaty Arena in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The top men's team and the top two women's teams qualified for the 2022 World Men's Curling Championship and 2022 World Women's Curling Championship respectively. The next two placed teams of each gender qualified for the World Qualification Event, for a second chance to qualify for the World Curling Championships.
High Synagogue (Prague)
The High Synagogue, also called the Vysoká Synagogue (Vysoká means High in Czech), the official name in Czech: Vysoká synagoga, also known under its German synonym die Hohesynagoge, or as בה"כ גבוה Bet HaKnesset Gvuah in Hebrew or 
הויכשול Hoykhshil in Yiddish, is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Červená ulice (Red Street), Prague, in the Czech Republic. Used as a synagogue from 1568 until World War II, in the postwar times it has for some time become part of the Jewish Museum of Prague. After being restituted in the 1990s by the Jewish Community of Prague, it has once again been used as a symbol synagogue ever since. It is used on daily basis for services of the members of the orthodox Prague Jewish community.

The synagogue was listed as a cultural monument of the Czech Republic in 1992.

Jewish Museum in Prague
The Jewish Museum in Prague (Czech: Židovské muzeum v Praze) is a museum of Jewish heritage in the Czech Republic and one of the most visited museums in Prague. Its collection of Judaica is one of the largest in the world, about 40,000 objects, 100,000 books, and a copious archive of Czech Jewish community histories.
Michał Ruciak
Michał Zygmunt Ruciak (born 22 August 1983) is a Polish former professional volleyball player. He was a member of the Poland national team from 2004 to 2014, a participant in the Olympic Games London 2012, the 2009 European Champion and the 2012 World League winner.

2012 FIVB Volleyball World League
The 2012 FIVB Volleyball World League was the 23rd edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament, played by 16 countries from 18 May to 8 July 2012. The Final Round was held in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Sebastian Brodanovich
Sebastian Brodanovich (or Prodanovich) von Ussitzka-Caminiza (c. 1755 – 15 September 1822) was an Austrian General Major and Field Marshal Lieutenant.

He was born in Mitrovic in Syrmia during the time of the Habsburg monarchy around 1755. In the last stages of the Italian campaign, Avantgarde General Major Sebastian Prodanovich led No. 1959 II Battalion Grenz Infantry Regiment of Banat (I Battalion 13th Grenz regiment) and No. 837 V Battalion Banater Grenz Regiment with Austrian Avantgarde Major General Vukassovich's brigade against the forces of Napoleon.

He died in Sremska Mitrovica on 15 September 1822.

Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian pronunciation: [srêːmskaː mîtroʋitsa]; Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Митровица, Latin: Sirmium) is a city in Serbia. It is situated on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2022, the city has a total population of 36,764 inhabitants, while its administrative area has a population of 72,580 inhabitants.

As Sirmium, it was a capital of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy of 4th century CE. Ten Roman emperors were born in or near this city, Emperors Herennius Etruscus (251), Hostilian (251), Decius Traian (249–251), Claudius Gothicus (268–270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270–275), Probus (276–282), Maximian (285–310), Constantius II (337–361) and Gratian (367–383).
Manakanchara Nayanar
Manakanchara Nayanar, also known as Manakkanychaara Nayanar, Manakkancharar, Manakanjara Nayanar, Mankkanjara Nayanar and Manakkanjarar, was a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the twelfth in the list of 63 Nayanars. Like other Nayanars, he was a fervent devotee of the god Shiva. Manakanchara Nayanar is dated to the 8th century and was a contemporary of Eyarkon Kalikkama Nayanar, a Nayanar saint and his son-in-law as well as Sundarar. He is described to have cut his daughter's hair and given it to Shiva disguised as a Shaiva ascetic, on her wedding day.

Sundarar
Sundarar (Tamil: சுந்தரர், romanized: Cuntarar), also referred to as Chuntarar, Chuntaramurtti, Nampi Aruran or Tampiran Tolan, was an eighth-century poet-saint of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta tradition of Hinduism. He is among the Tevaram trio, and one of the most prominent Nayanars, the Shaiva bhakti (devotional) poets of Tamil Nadu.

His hymns form the seventh volume of the Tirumurai called Thiruppattu, the twelve-volume compendium of Shaiva Siddhanta. His songs are considered the most musical in Tirumurai in Tamil language. His life and his hymns in the Tevaram are broadly grouped in four stages. First, his cancelled arranged marriage through the intervention of Shiva in the form of a mad petitioner and his conversion into a Shaiva devotee. Second, his double marriage to temple dancers Paravai and Cankali with their stay together in Tiruvarur. Third, his blindness and then return of his sight. Finally, his reflections on wealth and material goods.
Pignus pongola
Pignus pongola is a species of jumping spider in the genus Pignus that lives in South Africa. The species was first described in 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad. It thrives in Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub, including forest near rivers and coasts like fynbos. The spider is medium-sized, with a carapace that measures typically 3.6 mm (0.14 in) long and an abdomen 3.4 mm (0.13 in) long. It has a pattern similar to members of the Philaeus genus, to which Pignus is related. The most mouthparts are distinctive. While the chelicerae are similar in some respects to other species in the genus, they have a unique shape, being particularly large with a single long fang. The male's  copulatory organs are also unusual. The palpal bulb has an unusually shaped tegulum, out of which extends a long thin embolus that curves up the bulb to its end. The female has not been described.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Jonathan Balcombe
Jonathan Balcombe (born 28 February 1959) is an ethologist and author. He is formerly Director of Animal Sentience with the Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy, and Department Chair for Animal Studies with Humane Society University, in Washington, DC.  He lectures internationally on animal behavior and the human-animal relationship. He also served as Associate Editor of the journal Animal Sentience from 2015 to 2019.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Survivor: Vanuatu
Survivor: Vanuatu — Islands of Fire, also known as Survivor: Vanuatu, is the ninth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed from June 28, 2004, through August 5, 2004, and the season premiered on September 16, 2004. Filming took place in Vanuatu, a chain of volcanic islands in the South Pacific. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay, with 18 competitors for the second time in the series' history.

This was the second season to initially divide the tribes by gender following Survivor: The Amazon. Chris Daugherty was named the winner and Sole Survivor after defeating runner-up Twila Tanner by a jury vote of 5–2.

Survivor: The Amazon
Survivor: The Amazon is the sixth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series Survivor. The season was filmed from November 4, 2002, through December 12, 2002, in the Amazon and premiered on February 13, 2003. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with 16 competitors.

This was the first Survivor season to initially divide the tribes by gender. At the live finale, swimsuit model Jenna Morasca won and was named Sole Survivor after defeating Matthew von Ertfelda by a jury vote of 6–1.
Andrea Green
Andrea Green is a British actress and presenter. She is known for her role as Sarah Finch in the BBC soap opera Doctors, for which she was awarded Best Newcomer at the 2005 British Soap Awards. Prior to this, Green was a continuity presenter on CITV.

British Soap Award for Best Newcomer
The British Soap Award for Best Newcomer is an award presented annually by the British Soap Awards. The award is voted for by a panel. EastEnders is the most awarded soap in the category, with nine wins. Emmerdale is the only current soap not to have won a Best Newcomer award; defunct soaps that did not win are Family Affairs and Night and Day. The award is currently held by Hollyoaks actress Isabelle Smith, for her role as Frankie Osborne.
Guy Cordon
Guy F. Cordon (April 24, 1890 – June 8, 1969) was an American author, politician and lawyer from the state of Oregon. A native of Texas, he served in the Army during World War I and later was the district attorney of Douglas County in Southern Oregon. A Republican, he was appointed and later won election to the United States Senate, serving in office from 1944 to 1955.

Douglas County, Oregon
Douglas County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,201. The county seat is Roseburg. The county is named after Stephen A. Douglas, an American politician who supported Oregon statehood. Douglas County comprises the Roseburg, Oregon micropolitan statistical area. In area, Douglas County is the largest county west of the Oregon Cascades.
Nick McCallum
Nick McCallum is an Australian television and radio journalist.

As a broadcast journalist, McCallum works as a senior reporter on Seven News and as a part-time presenter for Melbourne radio station 3AW. He has also produced documentaries for Fox Footy.

Seven News
Seven News (stylised 7NEWS) is the television news service of the Seven Network and, as of 2021, the highest-rated show in Australia.

National bulletins are presented from Seven's high definition studios in South Eveleigh, Sydney, while its flagship 6 pm statewide bulletins are produced in studios based in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Tasmania. The network also produces weeknight local news bulletins for regional markets in Queensland, New South Wales (including the ACT), Victoria and Western Australia.

It draws upon the resources of ITN, NBC, CBC, CNN, APTN and Reuters for select international coverage.
Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation
Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) (established 8 March 1967), formerly Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation (HSIDC), headquartered at Panchkula, is a 100% state-owned agency of the government of Haryana in the Indian state of Haryana. For ease of doing business, Haryana is the first state in India to introduce a labour policy in 2005 and Land Pooling Policy in 2017, for which HSIIDC acts as the nodal agency. Haryana Financial Corporation provides financial assistance for setting up new industrial units and for the expansion and diversification of the existing industries. Various universities, educational and training institutes, including the nation's first skills university Haryana Vishwakarma Skill University, provide the human resources to capitalise on the infrastructure created by the HSIIDC.

HSVP is a related government owned agency responsible for the urban development.

Panchkula
Panchkula (ISO: Paṁcakulā) is a city and district headquarter in the Panchkula district in Haryana, India. It is a satellite city of the state capital Chandigarh. Panchkula is a border city with Punjab, Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh. The origin of the name Panchkula came from "the place where five irrigation canals meet". It is approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) southeast of Chandigarh, 105 km (65 mi) southwest of Shimla, 44 km (27 mi) from Ambala and 259 km (161 mi) northeast of New Delhi, the national capital. It is a part of the Chandigarh capital region or Greater Chandigarh. The Chandigarh-Mohali-Panchkula metropolitan region collectively forms a Chandigarh Tricity, with a combined population of over two million.

The city hosts the Chandimandir Cantonment, the headquarters of the Western Command of the Indian Army. It is a planned city like Chandigarh, with a sector system.
East Anglia
East Anglia is an area of the East of England, officially defined as including the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire, with parts of Essex sometimes also included.

The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Angles, a people whose name originated in Anglia (Angeln), in what is now the Schleswig-Holstein state of Northern Germany. East Anglia is a predominantly rural region and contains mainly flat or low-lying and agricultural land. The area is known for considerable natural beauty, sharing a long North Sea coastline, and The Broads (known for marketing purposes as The Broads National Park). Norwich is the principal city and historical capital of the region.

Heptarchy
The Heptarchy was the division of Anglo-Saxon England between the sixth and eighth centuries into petty kingdoms, conventionally the seven kingdoms of East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex, and Wessex. The term originated with the twelfth-century historian Henry of Huntingdon and has been widely used ever since, but it has been questioned by historians as the number of kingdoms fluctuated, and there was never a time when the territory of the Anglo-Saxons was divided into seven kingdoms each ruled by one king. The period of petty kingdoms came to an end in the eighth century, when England was divided into the four dominant kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, and Wessex.
R10000
The R10000, code named T5, is a RISC microprocessor implementation of the MIPS IV instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by MIPS Technologies, Inc. (MTI), then a division of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI). The chief designers are Chris Rowen and Kenneth C. Yeager. The R10000 microarchitecture is known as ANDES, an abbreviation for Architecture with Non-sequential Dynamic Execution Scheduling. The R10000 largely replaces the R8000 in the high-end and the R4400 elsewhere. MTI was a fabless semiconductor company; the R10000 was fabricated by NEC and Toshiba. Previous fabricators of MIPS microprocessors such as Integrated Device Technology (IDT) and three others did not fabricate the R10000 as it was more expensive to do so than the R4000 and R4400.

NEC
NEC Corporation (日本電気株式会社, Nippon Denki Kabushiki gaisha; an acronym for the Nippon Electric Company) is a Japanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platform, and telecommunications equipment and software to business enterprises, communications services providers and to government agencies. It is one of the five largest defense contractors in Japan.

NEC was one of the world's largest personal computer and semiconductor manufacturers from the 1980s to the 2000s, but has largely withdrawn from manufacturing since the beginning of the 21st century, having spun off its PC business to Lenovo and its semiconductor business to Renesas Electronics and Elpida Memory.

NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.
Al-Shorta SC (basketball)
Al-Shorta SC Basketball is a professional basketball team based in Baghdad, Iraq. It is a part of the Al-Shorta SC multi-sports club, whose origins date back to 1932. The team has won three Iraqi Basketball Premier League titles, most recently in the 2014–15 season, and has won one Iraqi Basketball Perseverance Cup title.

Al-Shorta have previously reached the quarter-finals of the FIBA Asia Champions Cup, and have finished in fourth place at the Arab Club Basketball Championship and fifth place at the WABA Champions Cup. Al-Shorta finished in fourth place in the West Asia sub-zone in the 2023–24 West Asia Super League.

Arab Club Basketball Championship
The Arab Club Championship is an annual basketball tournament for Arab teams. The competition is organised by the Arab Basketball Confederation (ABC). Each season is typically held in October and is held in one venue. The tournament typically features 16 to 18 clubs.

Egyptian Al-Ittihad Alexandria is the most successful club in the tournament's history, as it has won a record 7 titles.
Strömberg wavelet
In mathematics, the Strömberg wavelet is a certain orthonormal wavelet discovered by Jan-Olov Strömberg and presented in a paper published in 1983.  Even though the Haar wavelet was earlier known to be an orthonormal wavelet, Strömberg wavelet was the first smooth orthonormal wavelet to be discovered. The term  wavelet had not been coined at the time of publishing the discovery of Strömberg wavelet and Strömberg's motivation was to find an orthonormal basis for the Hardy spaces.

Orthogonal wavelet
An orthogonal wavelet is a wavelet whose associated wavelet transform is orthogonal.
That is, the inverse wavelet transform is the adjoint of the wavelet transform.
If this condition is weakened one may end up with biorthogonal wavelets.
Norman George
Norman George (born 2 July 1946) is a Cook Islands politician and former Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament, Deputy Prime Minister, and Cabinet Minister.

George was first elected to the Parliament of the Cook Islands in 1983. He represented the electorate of Tengatangi–Areora–Ngatiarua for 21 years. Repeated conflicts over leadership and cabinet posts saw him quit, found, and rejoin parties, moving from the Cook Islands Democratic Party to the Alliance and back, then to the New Alliance Party before returning to the Democrats. After losing his seat in the 2004 election and serving as Speaker, he represented the seat of Teenui–Mapumai for eight years, initially as an independent, then as a member of the Cook Islands Party, then as an independent again.

George lost his seat at the 2014 Cook Islands general election.

Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament
The Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament is the presiding officer of the Cook Islands Parliament.  The speaker manages the House in accordance with its standing orders and according to the traditions of the Westminster system.

The current Speaker is Tai Tura.
Mirchi bada
Mirchi Bada or Mirchi Vada  is a vegetarian fast food dish native to Jodhpur in the Indian state of Rajasthan. The dish is made by stuffing a green chili with indian spices, mashed potato, and gram flour, then it is wrapped in besan batter and fried until golden brown. It is served hot with tomato sauce or occasionally with mint and tamarind chutney. Banana pepper and Bhavnagri chillies are used to make mirchi bada.

Mirchi Badas are most consumed during the rainy season in India. In the southern part of India, Mirchi Bada is also referred to as Mirchi Bajji, with stuffing variations from place to place.

Gram flour
Besan or gram flour is a pulse flour made from chana dal or chickpea flour (split Bengal gram) or brown/kaala chana, a chickpea.  It is a staple ingredient in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, including Indian, Bangladeshi, Burmese, Nepali, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Caribbean, and  Lunigiana cuisines.