hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Smith Trolley Museum
The Fort Smith Trolley Museum is a streetcar and railroad museum in Fort Smith, in the U.S. state of Arkansas, which includes an operating heritage streetcar line. The museum opened in 1985, and operation of its streetcar line began in 1991.  Four vehicles in its collection, a streetcar and three steam locomotives, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).  The now approximately three-quarters-mile-long (1.2 km) streetcar line also passes four NRHP-listed sites, including the Fort Smith National Historic Site, the Fort Smith National Cemetery, the West Garrison Avenue Historic District and the 1907 Atkinson-Williams Warehouse Building, which now houses the Fort Smith Museum of History.

West Garrison Avenue Historic District
The West Garrison Avenue Historic District is a historic district encompassing the oldest commercial section of Fort Smith, Arkansas.  When listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the district included just a five-block stretch of Garrison Avenue, the major east–west thoroughfare in the city and one of its oldest, dating to the city's founding in 1838.  The district included more than fifty historically significant buildings built before 1912.  The area was significantly affected by a major tornado in September 1996, in which thirteen historic buildings were destroyed and others damaged.  The district was subsequently enlarged in 2001 to encompass 175 buildings with historic significance to 1951.  These buildings are located along the length of Garrison Avenue (twelve blocks), as well as Rogers Avenue and North "A" Street, which run parallel to Garrison (north and south of it, respectively), and the connecting north–south blocks.
Josef Menges
Jakob Josef Menges (7 October 1850– 4 January 1910) was a German explorer, naturalist, zoologist, cartographer, trader and author. During the 1870s and until the end of the 19th century, Menges undertook commercial and scientific expeditions in Northeast Africa and the Horn of Africa.

His routes took him through the Turco-Egyptian Sudan, the interior of British Somaliland and Abyssinia in modern-day Ethiopia. To fund his journeys, Menges published travel and research reports on the region's geography, zoology and ethnology in German scientific journals. Later in life, he focused on animal trading, supplying exotic animals to European zoos, as well as facilitating human shows of Somali people in Europe.

Human zoo
Human zoos, also known as ethnological expositions, were a colonial practice of publicly displaying people, usually in a so-called "natural" or "primitive" state. They were most prominent during the 19th and 20th centuries. These displays often emphasized the supposed inferiority of the exhibits' culture, and implied the superiority of "Western society", through tropes that depicted marginalized groups as "savage".  They then developed into independent displays emphasizing the exhibits' inferiority to western culture and providing further justification for their subjugation. Such displays featured in multiple colonial exhibitions and at temporary exhibitions in animal zoos.
SS George Spencer
The George Spencer was a wooden lake freighter that sank on along with her schooner barge Amboy on Lake Superior, near Thomasville, Cook County, Minnesota in the Mataafa Storm of 1905. On April 14, 1994, the wrecks of the Spencer and the Amboy were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Mataafa Storm
The Mataafa Storm of 1905 was a storm that occurred on the Great Lakes on November 27–28, 1905. The system moved across the Great Basin with moderate depth on November 26 and November 27, then east-northeastward across the Great Lakes on November 28. Fresh east winds were forecast for the afternoon and evening of November 27, with storm warnings in effect by the morning of November 28. Storm-force winds and heavy snows accompanied the cyclone's passage. The storm, named after the steamship Mataafa, ended up destroying or damaging over 20-30 vessels, killing 36 seamen, and causing shipping losses of US$ 3/5 million (1905 dollars) on Lake Superior.
Russo–Vallois integral
In mathematical analysis, the Russo–Vallois integral is an extension to stochastic processes of the classical Riemann–Stieltjes integral

for suitable functions  and . The idea is to replace the derivative  by the difference quotient

and to pull the limit out of the integral. In addition one changes the type of convergence.

Riemann–Stieltjes integral
In mathematics, the Riemann–Stieltjes integral is a generalization of the Riemann integral, named after Bernhard Riemann and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes. The definition of this integral was first published in 1894 by Stieltjes. It serves as an instructive and useful precursor of the Lebesgue integral, and an invaluable tool in unifying equivalent forms of statistical theorems that apply to discrete and continuous probability.
International Detention Coalition
The International Detention Coalition (IDC) is an incorporated not-for-profit organization, forming a network of more than 400 non-governmental organizations, faith-based groups, academics and individuals that provide legal, social, medical and other services, carry out research and reporting, and undertake advocacy and policy work on behalf of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. These groups and individuals from more than 100 countries, have come together to form the IDC to share information and promote good practices and the greater use of international and regional human rights standards and principles as they relate to the detention of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. This includes advocating for greater respect for the human rights of detainees, preventing and limiting the use of, seeking alternatives to, and using the least restrictive forms of, immigration detention.

The IDC Secretariat is based in Melbourne, Australia, with regional consultants based internationally.

Immigration detention
Immigration detention is the policy and practice of incarcerating both foreign national asylum seekers/refugees and immigrants — whether suspected of unauthorized arrival, illegal entry, visa violations, as well as those subject to deportation and removal — in detention centers for the purpose of immigration control, until a decision is made by immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of departure. Mandatory detention refers to the practice of compulsorily detaining or imprisoning people who are considered to be illegal immigrants or unauthorized arrivals into a country. Some countries have set a maximum period of detention, while others permit indefinite detention.
Robert Barry (musician)
Robert Barry (December 4, 1932 – January 8, 2018) was an American jazz musician. He was a percussionist who played with Miles Davis, Gene Ammons, Fred Anderson and Johnny Griffin but was best known for his work with Sun Ra and  The Sun Ra Arkestra.

Fred Anderson (musician)
Fred Anderson (March 22, 1929 – June 24, 2010) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist who was based in Chicago, Illinois. Anderson's playing was rooted in the swing music and hard bop idioms, but he also incorporated innovations from free jazz. Anderson was also noted for having mentored numerous young musicians. Critic Ben Ratliff called him "a father figure of experimental jazz in Chicago". Writer John Corbett referred to him as "scene caretaker, underground booster, indefatigable cultural worker, quiet force for good." In 2001, author John Litweiler called Anderson "the finest tenor saxophonist in free jazz/underground jazz/outside jazz today."
EML Tasuja
EML Tasuja (A432) was a Lindormen-class diving vessel built in 1977. She served in the Danish Navy as KDM Lindormen until 2004. Handed over to the Estonian Navy, she was commissioned as EML Tasuja in the Mineships Division until 2016.

Estonian Navy
The Estonian Navy (Estonian: Merevägi) are the unified naval forces among the Estonian Defence Forces.

With only six commissioned ships and displacement well under 10,000 tonnes (3,633.5 tonnes as of February 2026), the Estonian navy is one of the smallest navies in the world. Its ship prefix is EML (Eesti Mereväe Laev/Estonian Navy Ship). The Estonian Navy has participated numerous times in NATO's naval joint-exercises.
Bromley Halt railway station
Bromley Halt was a small railway stop on the Wombourne Branch Line. It had very poor patronage and, along with the rest of the line's passenger stations, was closed just seven years after its introduction by the Great Western Railway in 1925. The halt served the communities between Pensnett, Wordsley and Kingswinford. A portion of the line remained open until 1994 between the Pensnett Trading Estate and Kingswinford Junction. The line from Bromley Haly to Kingswinford Junction has since been mothballed.

Bromley Halt ran alongside the Stourbridge Extension Canal, which itself was eventually removed. Only two platforms and a single line from Bromley Halt to Pensnett Halt and Kingswinford Junction remain.

Pensnett
Pensnett is a village of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, West Midlands County, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) south-west of Dudley. Pensnett has been a part of Dudley since 1966, when the Brierley Hill Urban District, of which it was a part, was absorbed into the County Borough of Dudley, later the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley from 1974.
Arkady Svistunov
Arkady Nikolaevich Svistunov (Russian: Аркадий Николаевич Свистунов; born 28 April 1965, Donetsk) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 5th and 8th State Dumas.

After graduating from the Higher School of the KGB in 1990, Svistunov worked in a number of enterprises, including the Center-service, Volga-Kama Commercial Bank, Commercial Mortgage and Investment Bank Sochi. In 2002, he was appointed Vice-President of the Promsvyazbank. Later he headed the Department of Regional Development of the Commercial Mortgage and Investment Bank Sochi. In 2007, he was elected deputy of the 5th State Duma. In 2021, he was re-elected for the 8th State Duma.

8th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации восьмого созыва) is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 8th State Duma was determined based on the results of the 2021 legislative election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties that participated in the elections, only 5 were able to overcome the 5% barrier. And for the first time since 1999, more than four parties were able to form their own factions. Three more parties and five independent candidates were able to win one seat each through single-mandate constituencies.

In accordance with the presidential decree, the first meeting of the 8th State Duma was held on 12 October 2021.
Touchstone (horse)
Touchstone (1831–1861) was a British bred Thoroughbred racehorse and a leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland on four occasions. He was owned and bred by Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster, who bought him for the low price, at the time, of 600 guineas at the insistence of his chief stud groom Mr. Thomas Nutting.

Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland
The title of champion, or leading, sire of racehorses in Great Britain and Ireland is awarded to the stallion whose offspring have won the most prize money in Britain and Ireland during the flat racing season. The current (2023) champion is Frankel, who earned his first title in 2021.

Unlike the similar title for leading sire in North America, the stallion in question does not need to have resided in Great Britain or Ireland during his stud career, although the vast majority have done so. Northern Dancer is the most notable example of a North American-based stallion who won this title. The Northern Dancer sire line has dominated the list for the last several decades, mostly through his son Sadler's Wells (14 titles) and grandson Galileo (12 titles).

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.
Anna Rodrigues
Anna Rodrigues  is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt competitor from Niterói, Brazil. 
Rodrigues is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu World Champion, a two-time IBJJF Pan champion and a Brasileiros Champion at black belt level.

World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship
The World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu Championship is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournament held annually by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation. It is widely considered  the most  important and prestigious jiu-jitsu tournament of the year.

The first edition took place in February 1996 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Since 2007 the tournament has been held  in California. The last edition of the championship took place at the Walter Pyramid in Long Beach California in 2025.
Henry Rangel Silva
Henry de Jesús Rangel Silva (born 1961) was the governor of Trujillo, Venezuela in 2012-2021. A military general and former Minister of Defense, Rangel Silva was previously the head of Operational Strategic Command of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, head of the DISIP (from 2005) and Director of CANTV (from 2009). Rangel Silva took part in the coup attempt of February 1992 together with Hugo Chávez.

Trujillo (state)
Trujillo State (Spanish: Estado Trujillo, Spanish pronunciation: [esˈtaðo tɾuˈxiʝo] ⓘ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Its capital is Trujillo and the largest city is Valera. The state is divided into 20 municipalities and 93 parishes. Trujillo State covers a total surface area of 7,198 km2 (2,779 sq mi) and, has a 2011 census population of 686,367.
TNA Turning Point (2025)
The 2025 Turning Point was a professional wrestling event produced by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. It took place on November 14, 2025 at Full Sail University in Winter Park, Florida. It aired on TNA+. It was the 20th event under the Turning Point chronology. Wrestlers from WWE's NXT brand, with which TNA has a partnership, also appeared at the event.

Nine matches were contested at the event, including one on the Countdown to Turning Point pre-show. In the main event, TNA International Champion Steve Maclin and Mike Santana defeated TNA World Champion Frankie Kazarian and Nic Nemeth. The event also featured the TNA debut of Mila Moore, the return of Dezmond Xavier, and JDC's first and only Turning Point appearance as an in-ring performer due to his retirement from professional wrestling in 2026.

TNA+
TNA+ is a professional wrestling video streaming service that launched on May 1, 2019. It is owned and operated by Anthem Sports & Entertainment, the parent company of professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Originally known as Impact Plus, and succeeding the previous Global Wrestling Network (GWN) service, TNA+ offers library content and exclusive live monthly premium events. Since its 2024 relaunch as TNA+, the platform has utilized the technology and ecosystem of Endeavor Streaming.
Bad Rats
Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge is a 2009 puzzle video game developed by Invent4 Entertainment. Over a string of levels, the player places a set of rats and static objects to guide a ball towards a trap that kills a cat. Bad Rats was released as Invent4 Entertainment's debut game on 20 July 2009 via Steam, followed by releases on other services in 2010. While it received no reviews at release, retrospective pieces criticised the game's graphics, puzzles, and physics. Bad Rats is considered an oddity for being released on Steam while the platform's catalogue was still hand-curated. It became a popular gag gift on Steam, leading to more than 400,000 owners by 2018. A sequel, Bad Rats Show, was released on the seventh anniversary of Bad Rats in 2016.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Case report
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. Case reports are professional narratives that provide feedback on clinical practice guidelines and offer a framework for early signals of effectiveness, adverse events, and cost. They can be shared for medical, scientific, or educational purposes.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Kara Mahmud's campaign against Venice
Kara Mahmud's campaign against Venice (Albanian: Fushata e Kara Mahmudit kundër Venedikut) was a military offensive led by the Ottoman vassal Pashalik of Scutari, under Kara Mahmud Pasha, involving a series of raids and sieges targeting the Republic of Venice, particularly its holdings in Dalmatia. The campaign concluded with Venice agreeing to pay tribute to Kara Mahmud Pasha.

Pashalik of Scutari
The Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831), also known as the Bushati Pashalik, was an Albanian pashalik within the Ottoman Empire that was ruled by the Bushati family. Its capital was Shkodër and ruled areas in modern-day Albania and large majority of modern-day Montenegro.

At its peak, during the reign of Kara Mahmud Bushati, the pashalik encompassed much of Albania and Kosovo, western Macedonia, southeastern Serbia, and most of Montenegro. Up to 1830, the Pashalik of Shkodra controlled most of the aforementioned lands (including southern Montenegro).
Sankt Hans Torv
Sankt Hans Torv (lit. 'St. John's Marketplace') is a public square in the heart of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is dominated by a large granite sculpture by Jørgen Haugen Sørensen and is known for its thriving café scene. St. John's Church, the largest and oldest church in Nørrebro, is situated just east of the square.

Located close to the major shopping street Nørrebrogade and The Lakes, the square is a major junction in the area where the streets Blegdamsvej, Nørre Allé, Guldbergsgade, Elmegade, Fælledvej and Sankt Hans Gade meet.

Nørre Allé
Nørre Alle (lit. 'North Avenue') is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark, running from Blegdamsvej in Nørrebro in the south to Vibenshus Runddel in Østerbro in the north. It runs through University of Copenhagen's North Campus which is centred on its junction with Tagensvej. The section north of the junction, which separates Fælledparken to the east from the University Park to the west, is a busy artery. De Gamles By is situated on the west side of the more quiet, western portion.
Artur Barciś
Artur Barciś ([ˈartur ˈbarʲʨ̑ĩɕ]; born 12 August 1956) is a Polish actor and film director. His television appearances include  Krzysztof Kieślowski's anthology series Dekalog (1989), the soap opera Aby do świtu... (1992), and Kurierzy ("Couriers"). From 2006 to 2016 he played the lovably neurotic Arkadiusz Czerepach in the comedy series Ranczo ("The Ranch").

In 2011, he and The Ranch co-star Cezary Żak starred in Dziwna para, a Polish adaptation of Neil Simon's Broadway theatre play The Odd Couple.

The Ranch (2006 TV series)
The Ranch (Polish: Ranczo) is a Polish television comedy series, directed by Wojciech Adamczyk, that originally aired from March 25, 2006 to May 24, 2009, and again from March 6, 2011 to November 27, 2016 on TVP1. It follows the story of Lucy Wilska, a Polish-American who has inherited her great grandmother's country home in the fictional small village of Wilkowyje. She arrives in Wilkowyje with intent to sell the cottage but, after seeing the charm of the village, decides to stay.
Galafi
Galafi (Arabic: غالافي), also known as Gâlâfi, is a village in western Djibouti. Galafi is the official border crossing from Djibouti into Ethiopia. Situated on the border with Ethiopia, it is in the north west of Dikhil. It lies on the National Highway 1. It is located some 218 km (135 mi) west of the national capital, Djibouti City. Nearby towns and villages include Yoboki (40 km), Dikhil (98 km), Semera (114 km), Bure (157 km) and Elidar (70 km).

Djibouti City
Djibouti (also called Djibouti City and Jibuti in early Western texts) is the capital city of the Republic of Djibouti. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura.

Djibouti has a population of around 780,000 inhabitants, which counts for 73% of the country's population. The settlement was founded in 1888 by the French, on land leased from the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans. During the ensuing period, it served as the capital of French Somaliland and its successor the French Territory of the Afars and Issas.
Gaby Robert
Gabriel "Gaby" Robert (5 March 1920 – 15 May 2003) was a French football player and coach. He played for the France Olympic team at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

After his playing career, he became a coach with Hyères FC, Toulon, Lyon, Valenciennes and coached France at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

SC Toulon
Sporting Club Toulon is a football club from Toulon, France, that plays in the Championnat National 2, the fourth tier of the French football league system. The club was founded in 1944 and played under that name until the 1999–2000 season when they were administratively reformed as Sporting Toulon Var. In 2016, Sporting Toulon Var merged with SC Toulon-Le Las to become Sporting Club Toulon once again.
SM City San Pablo
SM City San Pablo is the 38th shopping mall owned by SM Prime Holdings. It is the 2nd SM Supermall in the province of Laguna. It is located at the entrance of Riverina Residential and Commercial Estates in Maharlika Highway, Barangay San Rafael, San Pablo, Laguna and has a gross floor area of 60,776 square meters (654,190 sq ft).

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.