hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paper Tiger Television
Paper Tiger Television (PTTV) is a non-profit, low-budget public access television program and open media collective based in New York City. PPTV was co-founded by media activist and Academy Award nominated documentary filmmaker Dee Dee Halleck in 1981. It focuses on raising media literacy and exists as a protest to corporate control over broadcast mediums.

Founded to promote freedom of speech and access to means of communication, the volunteer-run non-profit organization is a collective action in response to systems of hierarchical power.

The collective celebrated its 25th anniversary on October 11, 2007 with a premiere of the video Paper Tiger Reads Paper Tiger Television at the Anthology Film Archives. In 2018, in collaboration with Halleck's other collective, Deep Dish Television, Paper Tiger Television released a 10-part video series about resistance to the rise of far-right political movements.

Collective
A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.

The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.

For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.
Edward H. Cook
Edward H. "Ed" Cook (born 1935) is an American businessman from Oklahoma. Cook has held numerous positions with the Greater Oklahoma City Chamber, that City's chamber of commerce, serving as that organization's president. After a return to the private sector, Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating appointed him as his Secretary of Tourism and Recreation in 1995. Serving in that position until 1999, Cook oversaw all efforts to promote Oklahoma as a tourism destination.

Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.
Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab
Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab  was a Norwegian shipping company that operated ferries in Northern Norway.

The ferry service was founded by Richard With on 10 November 1881 at Stokmarknes in Nordland, Norway. In the same year, the shipping company's first ship - the steamer DS Vesteraalen from 1865 (ex-SS Arendal) was purchased from Arendals Dampskibsselskab. The company ran in the local transportation route, and then it started the first Coastal Express in 1893 with the ship Vesteraalen from 1891. The company merged in 1987 with Ofotens Dampskibsselskab and a new company was formed, Ofotens og Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab (OVDS). That company merged with Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap in 2006 to form Hurtigruten Group.

Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap
Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap or TFDS is a defunct Norwegian shipping company that also has activities in public transport and tourism. Based in Tromsø the company was one of the two operators of the Coastal Express and also operated a number of car ferries and passenger ferries, primarily in Troms. It also operated three supply ships and some other vessels as of 2006. In 2004 TFDS had bought the bus company TIRB.

The company dates back to 1866 and has had a number of activities within shipping. It was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange until 2006 when it merged with Ofotens og Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab to create Hurtigruten Group. At the time of the merger the group had 38 ships, 123 buses and 86 trucks.
Lebesgue's lemma
In mathematics, Lebesgue's lemma is an important statement in approximation theory.  It provides a bound for the projection error, controlling the error of approximation by a linear subspace based on a linear projection relative to the optimal error together with the operator norm of the projection.

Operator norm
In mathematics, the operator norm measures the "size" of certain linear operators by assigning each a real number called its operator norm. Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces. Informally, the operator norm  of a linear map  is the maximum factor by which it "lengthens" vectors. It is also called the bound norm.
Masao Morinaka
Masao Morinaka (森中 聖雄, born April 9, 1974, in Shizuoka, Japan) is a former professional baseball player who played for the Yokohama BayStars. He currently works as a batting pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants organization.

Morinaka was drafted by the Yokohama BayStars in the second round of the 1996 amateur draft. He was a valuable left-handed reliever, but was dropped after only 7 seasons in 2003. He marked a 2.16 ERA in 41 appearances in 1999, and a 2.38 ERA in 53 appearances in 2000. He hit a home run at the Koshien baseball stadium in his final season.

He won a silver medal playing for the Japanese national team in the 1996 Summer Olympics before entering the Japanese professional leagues.

Yokohama DeNA BayStars
The Yokohama DeNA BayStars (横浜DeNAベイスターズ, Yokohama Dī-Enu-Ē Beisutāzu) are a professional baseball team in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. Their home field is Yokohama Stadium, located in central Yokohama. The team has been known by several names since becoming a professional team in 1950. It adopted its current name in 2011, when the club was purchased by software company DeNA.
Disappearance of Ali Astamirov
The Disappearance of Ali Astamirov (c. 1969) concerns a Chechen journalist who was working for Agence France-Presse in Ingushetia, Russia, bordering Chechnya, when he was kidnapped at gunpoint by a group of three, uniformed, masked men on 4 July 2003, just outside Nazran. This was during the Second Chechen War.

Nazran
Nazran (Russian: Назра́нь; Ingush: Наьсаре, romanized: Näsare) is the largest city in Ingushetia, Russia. It served as the republic's capital from 1991 to 2000, until it was replaced by Magas, which was built for this purpose. It is the most populous city in the republic, with a population of 122,350 in the 2021 census.
1980 in video games
1980 saw the release of a number of games with influential concepts, including Pac-Man, Battlezone, Crazy Climber, Mystery House, Missile Command, Phoenix, Rally-X, Space Panic, Stratovox, Zork, Adventure, and Olympic Decathlon. The year's highest-grossing video game was Namco's arcade game Pac-Man, while the best-selling home system was Nintendo's Game & Watch. The Atari VCS (later called the Atari 2600) also grew in popularity with a port of Space Invaders and support from new third-party developer Activision.

Game & Watch
Game & Watch  is a series of handheld electronic games developed by Nintendo. Designed by Gunpei Yokoi, the first game, Ball was released in 1980 and the original production run of the devices continued until 1991. The name Game & Watch reflects their dual functionality: a single game paired with a digital clock on a segmented liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen. The Game & Watch series proved a monumental success, selling a total of 43.4 million units globally, marking Nintendo's first major worldwide success with electronic games.
Highland Park, New Jersey
Highland Park is a borough in Middlesex County, in the central region of the U.S. state of New Jersey, in the New York City metropolitan area. The borough is located on the northern banks of the Raritan River, in the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 15,072, an increase of 1,090 (+7.8%) from the 2010 census count of 13,982, which in turn had reflected a decline of 17 (−0.1%) from the 13,999 counted at the 2000 census.

Highland Park was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1905, when it broke away from what was then known as Raritan Township (present-day Edison). The borough was named for its location above the Raritan River.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Cutscene
A cutscene or event scene (sometimes in-game cinematic or in-game movie) is a sequence in a video game that is not interactive, interrupting the gameplay. Such scenes are used to show conversations between characters, set the mood, reward the player, introduce newer models and gameplay elements, show the effects of a player's actions, create emotional connections, improve pacing or foreshadow future events.

Cutscenes often feature "on the fly" rendering, using the gameplay graphics to create scripted events. Cutscenes can also be pre-rendered computer graphics streamed from a video file. Pre-made videos used in video games (either during cutscenes or during the gameplay itself) are referred to as "full-motion videos" or "FMVs".  Cutscenes can also appear in other forms, such as a series of images or as plain text and audio.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Iki)
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Iki City) is a Shinto shrine located on Iki Island in Japan. It is a Beppyo shrine, or a shrine that is particularly notable in a certain way with a significant history to it.

In 927 it was listed as a Myojin Taisha in the Engishiki.

It is a branch shrine of Sumiyoshi-taisha. A shrine located in Osaka.

It is one of the oldest Sumiyoshi shrines alongside Sumiyoshi jinja in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka prefecture, and Moto Sumiyoshi Shrine in Kobe, Hyōgo prefecture. However, it is not known which one of these is the oldest.

Strangely for a sea god shrine, it is located in the center of the Island. The shrine has a myth that it is located in the center because the gods were disturbed by the sound of the waves.

Sumiyoshi Shrine (Fukuoka)
Sumiyoshi Shrine (住吉神社) is a Shinto shrine in the Sumiyoshi neighborhood of Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ichinomiya of former Chikuzen Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on October 13.  Along with the more famous Sumiyoshi-taisha in Osaka and the Sumiyoshi Jinja in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, it is one of the "Three Great Sumiyoshi" shrines.
Ntsele
Nsele KaMashiya was the King of AmaHlubi from 1735 until his death in 1760. He fathered Bhungane II who ascended to the Hlubi throne in 1760. Nsele is widely known for leading the AmaHlubi in a battle against the then AmaNgwane tribe led by Tshani and came out victorious. His reign was at the pre-period of both Hlubi's prosperity led by Bhungane II (son) and the period of power-struggle and fragile state of the tribe which was at peak during Mthimkhulu II's reign (grandson). He's also hailed and widely referred to as "Nasele", especially by Hlubi residing in Eastern Cape.

Hlubi people
The Hlubi people or AmaHlubi are an  Embo ethnic group native to Southern Africa, with the majority of population found in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa.
Ernst Anders
Ernst Anders (26 March 1845 – 1911) was a German painter.

He was born in Magdeburg. He began his artistic education as a private student of Andreas Müller then, in 1863, enrolled at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he studied with  Rudolf Wiegmann, Heinrich Mücke, Karl Ferdinand Sohn and Julius Roeting. From 1868 to 1872, he was a private student of Wilhelm Sohn. Most of his paintings were genre scenes, but he made his living doing portraits, including  many of his fellow artists. He died in 1911 in Mölln.

Rudolf Wiegmann
Heinrich Ernst Gottfried Rudolf Wiegmann (17 April 1804 – 17 April 1865) was a German painter, archaeologist, art historian, graphic artist and architect. He worked in the Neoclassical style and, as a painter, is best known for his vedute. His wife, Marie Wiegmann, whom he married in 1841, was also a painter of some note.
North China Buffer State Strategy
The North China Buffer State Strategy (華北分離工作, Kahoku Bunri Kōsaku) (simplified Chinese: 华北五省自治; traditional Chinese: 華北五省自治) is the general term for a series of political manoeuvrings Japan undertook in the five provinces of northern China, Hebei, Chahar, Suiyuan, Shanxi, and Shandong. It was an operation to detach all of northern China from the power of the Nationalist Government and put it under Japanese control or influence.

In China the affair is referred to as the "North China Incident" corresponding only to the time between the series of "North China Autonomy Movements" orchestrated by the Japanese army since May 1935 and the founding of the Hebei–Chahar Political Council under Song Zheyuan in December. It is recognized as ranking alongside the Manchurian Incident, the Shanghai Incident, and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.

Hebei–Chahar Political Council
The Hebei–Chahar (or Hopeh-Chahar) Political Council, or Hebei-Chahar Political Commission (Chinese: 冀察政務委員會; pinyin: Jìchá zhèngwù wěiyuánhuì; Wade–Giles: Chi-ch'a chêng-wu wei-yüan-hui), was a political body established under General Song Zheyuan on 18 December 1935 to rule over the two northern Chinese provinces of Hebei and Chahar.

During mid-1933, the Kuomintang government in Nanjing sought to strengthen control over the northern provinces of Hebei and Chahar, then under the control of Song's 29th Army. As such, He Yingqin replaced Zhang Xueliang as head of the Beiping Branch Military Council and Huang Fu installed as head of the new Political Affairs Commission, both men being Kuomintang officials loyal to Nanjing. Their impact, however, was limited, and any improvement of relations between the 29th Army and the central government came from personal relationships, such as that between Song and Liu Jianqun, political education officer in the 29th Army.
Louis H. Chrispijn
Louis H. Chrispijn, Sr. (13 May 1854, in Amsterdam – 1 November 1926, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch actor, writer, and director of both theatre and films. Together with M.H. Laddé, Willy Mullens, Maurits Binger, and Theo Frenkel, he was one of the pioneers of early Dutch cinema.

Theo Frenkel
Theodorus Maurita Frenkel (14 July 1871 – 20 September 1956) was a Dutch film director, actor and screenwriter of the silent era. He worked in Britain under the name Theo Bouwmeester for the Natural Color Kinematograph Company, using the surname of his renowned mother and uncle (both accomplished actors), before working in Germany in 1913 and 1914 and then returning to the Netherlands, a neutral country, before World War I. He directed more than 200 films between 1908 and 1928. He also appeared in 21 films between 1911 and 1948. His nephew Theo Frenkel Jr. (1893–1955) was a film actor.
Dan Pugach
Dan Pugach is an Israeli American composer, drummer, arranger, and bandleader. He won a Grammy Award in 2025 for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album for Bianca Reimagined: Music for Paws and Persistence and later that same year was nominated for Best Jazz Performance for All Stars Lead To You - Live and Best Jazz Vocal Album for Live at Vic's Las Vegas for the 68th Annual Grammy Awards in 2026.

Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album
The Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album has been presented since 1961.  From 1962 to 1971 and 1979 to 1991, the award title specified instrumental performances. Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented for works released in the previous year.
Francisco Hernández (rugby union)
Francisco Hernández (born 28 October 1988) is a Spanish former rugby sevens player and coach. He is currently the coach of Spain national rugby sevens team and Bengaluru Bravehearts.

He was named in the Spanish squad for the 2016 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament in Monaco, which they eventually lost. He was later named in the team to the 2016 Summer Olympics.

In 2020 he retired  from the practice of sport and in 2023 he was appointed coach of the Spanish rugby 7 team, replacing Pablo Feijoo.

In April 2025, he was appointed coach of the Bengaluru Bravehearts of the Rugby Premier League 2025.

Pablo Feijoo
Pablo Feijoo Ugalde (born 18 May 1982) is a Spanish rugby sevens former player and coach.

He played in the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Russia.
He was in the squad that secured the last Olympic spot when they defeated Samoa 7s in Monaco. He was selected for the Spanish national rugby sevens team for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Feijoo retired from international play after the 2016 Olympics.

Feijoo was head coach of the Spain national rugby sevens team from 2016 to 2022.
Beautiful Love (film)
Beautiful Love (French: Bel amour) is a 1951 French drama film directed by François Campaux and starring Giselle Pascal, António Vilar and Odile Versois. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Hubert.

Odile Versois
Odile Versois (born Étiennette de Poliakoff-Baydaroff; 15 June 1930 – 23 June 1980) was a French actress who appeared in 47 film and television productions between 1948 and 1980. Versois was the sister of actresses Marina Vlady, Hélène Vallier and Olga Baïdar-Poliakoff. Their father, Vladimir, was a noted opera singer of Russian descent, and their mother, Militza Envald Voropanoff, was a dancer. Born in Paris, she began acting as a child and for a while pursued a ballet career.

She made a number of films for the Rank Organisation in Britain.
INS Gomati
The following ships of the Indian Navy have been named Gomati:

INS Gomati (D93) was a Type II Hunt-class destroyer, formerly HMS Lamerton of the Royal Navy where it served during World War II, and commissioned into the Indian Navy in 1953

INS Gomati (F21) is a Godavari-class frigate, currently in active service with the Indian Navy

HMS Lamerton
HMS Lamerton was a Type II Hunt-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was sold to the Indian Navy in 1952, where she served as INS Gomati.

Following the war, early in 1946, she was reduced to Reserve status at Harwich.
Election 2
Election 2 (literal title: Black Society: Harmony is a Virtue), also known as Triad Election in the United States, is a 2006 Category III Hong Kong crime film directed by Johnnie To with a large ensemble cast including Louis Koo, Simon Yam and Nick Cheung. A sequel to the 2005 film Election, the film concludes the events of the first film centring on triad boss Lok, who struggles to get re-elected as his two-year term approaches its end. He faces competition from Jimmy, who wants to retire from the triad to be a legitimate businessman, but gets drawn into the conflict surrounding the election.

Election 2 enjoyed box office success in Hong Kong and being shown as an "Official Selection" at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Afterwards, it became a popular hit on the international festival circuit.

Stephen Teo, author of Director in Action: Johnnie To and the Hong Kong Action Film (2007), wrote that "Election 2 is the most directly political film made in Hong Kong in the post-97 era."

Simon Yam
Simon Yam Tat-wah (Chinese: 任達華; born 19 March 1955) is a Hong Kong actor and film producer. He is best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Johnnie To in PTU (2003), Election (2005), Triangle (2007), and Sparrow (2008). His other notable films include SPL: Sha Po Lang (2005), Night & Fog (2009), and Echoes of the Rainbow (2010).
Angas people
The Ngas people (also known as the Agas and Angas) are an ethnic group in Plateau State, Nigeria. They speak an Afro-Asiatic language called Ngas. Recent studies have indicated there are roughly 1,000,000 Ngas people in Nigeria today.

Plateau State
Plateau is a Nigerian state located in the North Central geopolitical zone. Its capital city is Jos. Officially nicknamed the "Home of Peace and Tourism", the state has a population of around 4.7 million people.
John Evans (publisher)
John Evans (1753–1820) was a London publisher who specialized in Street literature, popular prints, religious tracts, and children's literature. He also sold patent medicines in association with William Howard. John Evans was notable as one of the printers and publishers of the Cheap Repository Tracts 1797–1820. He was based in Long Lane, London where he printed The Black Prince an account of the life of John Naimbanna.

Street literature
Street literature is any of several different types of publication sold on the streets, at fairs and other public gatherings, by travelling hawkers, pedlars or chapmen, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Robert Collison's account of the subject describes street literature as the "forerunner of the popular press".

Leslie Shepard's History of Street Literature identifies a range of different publications as indicated by the subtitle: The Story of Broadside Ballads, Chapbooks, Proclamations, News-Sheets, Election Bills, Tracts, Pamphlets, Cocks, Catchpennies, and Other Ephemera. Street literature therefore includes several different printed formats and publication types.
Whatever (Aimee Mann album)
Whatever is the first solo album by the American singer-songwriter Aimee Mann, released in 1993. It earned positive reviews but did not meet sales expectations. It was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 (with several later editions) by Universe Publishing. Part of the 1001 Before You Die series, it compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of music critics to be the most important, influential, and best in popular music between the 1950s and the date of publication. The book is edited by Robert Dimery, an English writer and editor who had previously worked for magazines such as Time Out and Vogue.

Each entry in the book's roughly chronological list of albums is accompanied by a short essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes, and additional information (such as the album's running time and producer). Compilations of various artists, and most film soundtracks, are excluded.