hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Banner-class environmental research ship
The Banner class is a class of three environmental research ships converted from Camano-class cargo ships by the United States Navy during the 1960s. The class comprised three ships: Banner, Pueblo, and Palm Beach. The ships were originally United States Army vessels, which had been built in 1944. Although officially classified as environmental research ships, they were actually used for signals intelligence gathering, as part of the AGER program.

In 1964 the Department of Defence became interested in having smaller, less expensive, more flexible, and responsive signals intelligence collection vessels than the existing AGTR and T-AG vessels. The mothballed light cargo ships were the most suitable existing DOD ships. The National Security Agency (NSA) wanted 25 AGER vessels, though after a detailed discussion with the Navy, this was reduced to 15 in budget requests for what the NSA called the Phase I and Phase II Trawler program. Eventually, only three were converted.

Signals intelligence
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in what quantity—is also used to integrate information, and it may complement cryptanalysis.
Netherlands in the Roman era
For around 450 years, from around 55 BC to around 410 AD, the southern part of the Netherlands was integrated into the Roman Empire. During this time the Romans in the Netherlands had an enormous influence on the lives and culture of the people who lived in the Netherlands at the time and (indirectly) on the generations that followed.

Chattuarii
The Chattuarii, also spelled Attuarii, were a Germanic tribe who eventually became a part of the Franks.

They lived to the east of the Rhine delta, north of the Lippe, outside the Roman empire, but close. In the area which is now the border between Germany and the Netherlands. In the 4th century they were described as Franks tribe living at the Rhine itself in this area. Their name survived as the name of a Frankish Gau (territory), (Latin: pagus), the pagus Hattuariensis or pagus Hetterun.
MacEwan Griffins men's ice hockey
The MacEwan Griffins men's ice hockey team is an ice hockey team representing the MacEwan Griffins athletics program of MacEwan University. The team is a member of the Canada West Universities Athletic Association conference and compete in U Sports. The Griffins play their home games at the Downtown Community Arena in Edmonton, Alberta.

U Sports
U Sports (stylized as U SPORTS) is the national sport governing body for universities in Canada, comprising the majority of degree-granting universities in the country and four regional conferences: Ontario University Athletics (OUA), Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), Canada West (CW), and Atlantic University Sport (AUS). The equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Some institutions are members of both bodies for different sports.
Buddhism in Armenia
Buddhism is a minor religion in Armenia, with a small but unknown number of adherents. The first direct contacts of Armenians with Buddhism occurred in the 13th century during the height of the Mongol Empire, culminating in the foundation of a Buddhist monastery in Armenia by the Buddhist emperor Hulegu Khan of the Ilkhanate after his conquest of Armenia when Buddhism was declared as an official religion.  Contacts recurred elsewhere in subsequent centuries through Armenian merchants. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Armenian intellectuals developed a strong interest in the religion.

Hulegu Khan
Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu (c. 1217 – 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan.

Hulegu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate in Persia. Under Hulegu's leadership, the Mongols sacked and destroyed Baghdad, ending the Islamic Golden Age and the Abbasid dynasty. They also weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
Delph
Delph (Old English (ge)delf a quarry) is a village in the civil parish of Saddleworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically within the West Riding of Yorkshire, it lies amongst the Pennines on the River Tame below the village of Denshaw, four miles (six kilometres) east-northeast of Oldham and 1+3⁄4 miles (3 km) north-northwest of Uppermill.

The centre of the village has barely changed from the 19th century, when a number of small textile mills provided employment for the local community. There is a significant first century AD Roman fort at Castleshaw.

Castleshaw
Castleshaw is a hamlet in the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines, 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north of Uppermill, 3 miles (4.8 km) west-southwest of Marsden, and 5.3 miles (8.5 km) east-northeast of Oldham.

Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Castleshaw is most notable for the Castleshaw Roman fort, the remains of an ancient castrum. There are two reservoirs, Castleshaw upper reservoir and Castleshaw lower reservoir. In 2016, United Utilities reinforced the walls on the lower reservoir but had to drop water levels by 1m.
Makhi Feni
Makhi Feni (born 1 April 1978) is a South African politician from the Eastern Cape. He has represented the African National Congress in the National Council of Provinces since June 2024. He is the chairperson of the Select Committee on Education, Sciences and Creative Industries.

Feni served in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature from May 2023 to May 2024, and before that he was a local councillor in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality.

Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala oMbaxa iNelson Mandela Bay; Afrikaans: Nelson Mandelabaai Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit) is one of eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province and comprises the city of Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), the nearby towns of Uitenhage and Despatch, and the surrounding rural area.

The name "Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality" was chosen to honour former President Nelson Mandela.
Maya Khromykh
Maya or Maiia Vladislavovna Khromykh (Russian: Майя Владиславовна Хромых; born 25 May 2006) is a Russian figure skater. She is the 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia silver medalist, the 2021 Rostelecom Cup bronze medalist, the 2021 CS Warsaw Cup champion, and the 2021 Budapest Trophy champion.

On the junior level, she is the 2019 JGP France bronze medalist, and the 2019 Denis Ten Memorial Challenge silver medalist. She finished fourth at the 2020 World Junior Championships.

2021 Gran Premio d'Italia
The 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Italian Ice Sports Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio), and the third event of the 2021–22 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series. It was held at the Torino Palavela in Turin, Italy, from 5 to 7 November 2021. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their results, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline at the end of the season were then invited to then compete at the 2021–22 Grand Prix Final in Osaka, Japan. Yuma Kagiyama of Japan won the men's event, Anna Shcherbakova of Russia won the women's event, Sui Wenjing and Han Cong of China won the pairs event, and Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron of France won the ice dance event.
At the Top of the Stairs
At the Top of the Stairs (French: En haut des marches) is a 1983 French drama film starring Danielle Darrieux, and was directed by Paul Vecchiali. It tells the story of a widow, who returns to a former house that had been hers 18 years after her husband was killed.

Danielle Darrieux
Danielle Yvonne Marie Antoinette Darrieux (French pronunciation: [da.njɛl i.vɔn ma.ʁi ɑ̃.twa.nɛt daʁ.jø]; 1 May 1917 – 17 October 2017) was a French actress of stage, television and film, as well as a singer and dancer.

Beginning in 1931, she appeared in more than 110 films. She was one of France's great movie stars and her eight-decade career was among the longest in film history.
Alex Michelsen
Alex T. Michelsen (born August 25, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 30 achieved on July 14, 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 67 reached on June 30, 2025.

Sebastian Gorzny
Sebastian Gorzny (born January 24, 2004) is an American tennis player.

Gorzny has a career high ITF junior combined ranking of 38 achieved on 17 January 2022.

Gorzny won the 2022 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' doubles title.
White British
White British is an ethnicity classification used for the White population identifying as English, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Northern Irish, or British in the United Kingdom Census. In the 2011 census, the White British population was 49,997,686, 81.5% of Great Britain's total population. For the entire United Kingdom, due to different reporting measures within Northern Ireland which includes all those who identified as British with those who identified as Irish, an amalgamated total of 52,320,080 is given. This accounts for 82.8% of the population and includes individuals who identified as White Irish in Great Britain. In the 2021 Census, the White British group numbered 44,355,044 or 74.4% of the population of England and Wales.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Vishwaroopam (soundtrack)
Vishwaroopam is the soundtrack album, composed by the music trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, for the Tamil film of the same name, directed by Kamal Haasan. The album features five tracks, with lyrics penned by Vairamuthu and Kamal Hassan himself. The soundtrack's Hindi version Vishwaroop, has lyrics penned by Javed Akhtar.

Vairamuthu
Vairamuthu Ramasamy (born 13 July 1953) is an Indian lyricist, poet, and novelist working in the Tamil film industry. He is a prominent figure in the Tamil literary world. A master's graduate from the Pachaiyappa's College in Chennai, he first worked as a translator, while also being a published poet. He entered the Tamil film industry in the year 1980, with the film Nizhalgal, an Ilaiyaraaja musical, directed by Bharathiraja. During the course of his 40-year film career, he has written over 7,500 songs and poems which have won him seven National Awards, the most for any Indian lyricist. He has also been honored with a Padma Shri, a Padma Bhushan and a Sahitya Akademi Award, for his abundant literary output.
Dallas City FC
Dallas City FC  (DCFC) is an American soccer club based in McKinney, Texas. DCFC competes in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) as a member of the Heartland Conference of the South Region. The club changed their name before beginning play in the NPSL. Early in 2017, it was announced that the club would no longer compete in the NPSL. However, when the 2017 season began, the NPSL listed DCFC in the standings in the place of Liverpool Warriors. The primary rival of DCFC in the NPSL is Fort Worth Vaqueros FC. The two clubs annually compete in a cup competition, the Trinity River Cup, which is a two-leg total goal series.

Liverpool Warriors
Liverpool Warriors are an American soccer club based in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex affiliated with Liverpool F.C. They previously fielded a team in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL). They played their games at various high school stadiums including 2,000 capacity John Clark Field in Plano, Texas. They discontinued fielding a NPSL team in 2017, but continue as a youth development program.
Kaisa Matomäki
Kaisa Sofia Matomäki (born April 30, 1985) is a Finnish mathematician specializing in number theory. Since April 2023, she is a full professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Her research includes results on the distribution of multiplicative functions over short intervals of numbers; for instance, she showed that the values of the Möbius function are evenly divided between +1 and −1 over short intervals. These results, in turn, were among the central tools used by Terence Tao to prove the Erdős discrepancy problem.

Terence Tao
Terence Chi-Shen Tao FAA FRS (born 17 July 1975) is an Australian and American mathematician. He is a Fields medalist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the James and Carol Collins Chair in the College of Letters and Sciences. His published research includes topics in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, algebraic combinatorics, arithmetic combinatorics, geometric combinatorics, probability theory, compressed sensing, analytic number theory and the applications of artificial intelligence in mathematics.

Tao was born to Chinese immigrant parents and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. Tao won the Fields Medal in 2006 and won the Royal Medal and Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in 2014, and is a 2006 MacArthur Fellow. Tao has been the author or co-author of over three hundred research papers, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living mathematicians.
1948 Georgia lieutenant gubernatorial special election
The 1948 Georgia lieutenant gubernatorial special election was held on November 2, 1948, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of Georgia upon the succession of Lieutenant Governor Melvin E. Thompson to the Georgia governorship on March 18, 1947. Democratic nominee Marvin Griffin ran unopposed and subsequently won the election.

Marvin Griffin
Samuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (September 4, 1907 – June 13, 1982) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.

A lifelong Democrat, Griffin was a native of Bainbridge, Georgia and publisher of the Bainbridge Post-Searchlight. He served as the 72nd governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgia schools. After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, he returned to his native Bainbridge and entered the real estate business, helping to found Bainbridge College (later Bainbridge State College) in 1970. He served on the college's board of directors and died from lung cancer in 1982.
Cory Morgan (blogger)
Cory Morgan (born in 1971) is a Canadian blogger, Alberta independence politician and activist, and columnist for the Western Standard.  He was one of the founders of the Alberta Independence Party in 2000. He was also a founding member of the Wildrose Party.

Western Standard
The Western Standard is a Canadian conservative social commentary media website operated by Western Standard New Media Corp. and its president Derek Fildebrandt. The Standard is based in Calgary, Alberta, where its main offices are located. The Standard also has bureaus in Victoria, Vancouver, Edmonton, Regina, Winnipeg and Ottawa.

Fildebrandt is the majority shareholder. Dave Naylor, a former city editor with the Calgary Sun, joined as news editor and a minority shareholder. All of the company's shareholders reside in Alberta.

The Standard's revenue is generated through subscriptions and advertising.
Frank Manumaleuna
Toto'a Frank Manumaleuna (MAH-noo-MAH-lay-OOO-nah; born Toto'a Frank Manumaleuga; May 9, 1956 – June 1, 2022) was a Western Samoan-American professional football linebacker who played three seasons with the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Chiefs in the fourth round of the 1979 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of California, Los Angeles, De Anza College, and San José State University.  He was also a member of the Oakland Invaders and Portland Breakers of the United States Football League (USFL).

Oakland Invaders
The Oakland Invaders were a professional American football team that played in the United States Football League (USFL) from 1983 through 1985.  Based in Oakland, California, they played at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum.

The team can trace its history to 1977 when they played in the California Football League as the Twin Cities Cougars, and won four league championships (1979–1982). During that time, they played their home games at the Marysville High School field.
Barumbadings
Barumbadings (also known as BarumBadings: Vol 1. Dead Mother, Dead All) is a 2021 Philippine black comedy crime action film written and directed by Darryl Yap. It stars Joel Torre, Jeric Raval, Mark Anthony Fernandez, Baron Geisler and John Lapus. The film is about three gay gangsters who mourn the death of their gay guardian, but ends up celebrating his bright and colorful life. The main characters are named after the main members of the SexBomb Girls and their manager, Joy Cancio.

Joel Torre
José Rizalino "Joel" de León Torre (Tagalog: [hoˈse ɾisaˈlino de leˈon ˈtoɾe]; born June 19, 1961) is a Filipino actor. He began performing on stage at age seven and rose to fame in the 1980s for his roles in period and historical drama, including Oro, Plata, Mata (1982), Karnal (1983), and José Rizal (1998). His accolades include a Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival Award, three Gawad Urian, and a FAMAS Award.
Boddington (1781 ship)
Boddington, sometimes referred to as Boddingtons, was a merchant ship launched in 1781 on the River Thames. For the first decade of her career she sailed as a West Indiaman. She made one voyage in 1792 transporting convicts from  Ireland to Australia. For her return trip she also made one voyage for the East India Company from Asia to Britain. She wrecked in 1805 on the River Thames off Blackwall, Middlesex.

Blackwall, London
Blackwall is an area of Poplar, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, East London. The neighbourhood includes Leamouth and the Coldharbour conservation area.

The area takes its name from a historic stretch of riverside wall built along an outside curve of the Thames, to protect the area from flooding. Along with the rest of Poplar, Blackwall has its origin in the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney. While mostly residential, the Poplar Dock and Blackwall Basin provide moorings for vessels.
Minister of Shipping (Bangladesh)
The minister of shipping of Bangladesh is the minister in charge of the Ministry of Shipping within the government of Bangladesh. He is also the minister of all departments and agencies under the Ministry of Shipping.

Ministry of Shipping (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Shipping (Bengali: নৌপরিবহন মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Nauparibahana Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for the formulation and administration of policies, laws, and regulations related to shipping and maritime affairs, including the oversight of port authorities and maritime institutions in the country.
Koori Court
A Koori Court is a separate division of the Magistrates', County and Children's Courts of Victoria, Australia. The Koori Court (Magistrates), Children's Koori Court, and County Koori Court hear selected cases, where Indigenous Australians have identified as such and requested the case be transferred to it. The first Koori Court was established in Shepparton in 2002. Koori Court aims to reduce recidivism by involving Elders, other respected persons in the Aboriginal community, and court advisors to provide information about the background of the defendant, and to advise on culturally appropriate sentences.

Koori Court is the only Indigenous sentencing court in an indictable jurisdiction in Australia.

Indictable offence
In many common law jurisdictions (e.g. England and Wales, Ireland, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore), an indictable offence is an offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury (in contrast to a summary offence). A similar concept in the United States is known as a felony, which for federal crimes, also requires an indictment. In Scotland, which is a  hybrid common law jurisdiction, the procurator fiscal will commence solemn proceedings for serious crimes to be prosecuted on indictment before a jury.
RAF Llandwrog
Royal Air Force Llandwrog, or more simply RAF Llandwrog, is a former Royal Air Force station located near the village and in the community of Llandwrog, situated 3.5 miles (6 km) southwest of Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales.

The site opened in July 1941 as a RAF Flying Training Command airfield for training gunners, radio operators and navigators, but closed for flying in June 1945. Between 1946 and 1956 RAF Llandwrog was part of Operation Dismal and Operation Sandcastle, and it was home to a maintenance unit, No. 277 MU. It reopened in 1969 and remains in civil operation today as Caernarfon Airport.

RAF Penrhos
Royal Air Force Penrhos, or more simply RAF Penrhos, is a former Royal Air Force airfield located near Penrhos, Gwynedd and 14.7 miles (23.7 km) west of Porthmadog, Gwynedd, Wales, in the community of Llanbedrog.

It was operational from 1 February 1937 to 21 October 1946 for armament training, air observer, bombing and gunnery schools.
Budots
Budots (/buˈdɔːts/; boo-DOTS) is an electronic dance music (EDM) genre that originated in Davao City, Philippines, and is considered as street style techno. It eventually spread in Bisaya-speaking regions. Based on techno and house music with Visayan pop it is regarded as the first "Filipino-fied" electronic music, characterized by its aggressive percussion, heavy use of sampling, off-beat basslines, high-pitched "tiw ti-ti-tiw" whistle hooks, and organic noises that surround the city. It is created to complement a form of freestyle street dance that bears the same name.

Bassline
Bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as blues, jazz, funk, dub and electronic, traditional, and classical music, for the low-pitched instrumental part or line played (in jazz and some forms of pop music) by a rhythm section instrument such as the electric bass, double bass, cello, tuba or keyboard (piano, Hammond organ, electric organ, or synthesizer).

In unaccompanied solo performance, basslines may simply be played in the lower register of any instrument while melody and/or further accompaniment is provided in the middle or upper register. In solo music for piano and pipe organ, these instruments have an excellent lower register that can be used to play a deep bassline. On organs, the bass line is typically played using the pedal keyboard and massive 16' and 32' bass pipes.