hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Islamic rulers of Ternate
The pre-Islamic rulers of Ternate lorded over the leading spice-producing kingdom in the Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia. They are known from several partly different historical traditions. One version commences with Cico, a chief of the coastal village Sampalu who obtained a mystical golden mortar and pestle and was elected king (Kolano) by the chiefs of the islands. Other versions start with Mashur-ma-lamo, son of the Arab immigrant Jafar Sadik and a heavenly nymph. Ternate was part of a ritual quadripartition together with the kingdoms of Tidore, Jailolo and Bacan. After many generations, King Tidore Wonge converted to Islam and became Sultan under the name Zainal Abidin (1486?-1500?).

Sultanate of Bacan
The Sultanate of Bacan (كسلطانن باچن‎; Indonesian: Kesultanan Bacan; Indonesian pronunciation: [kəsʊlˌt̪anan ˈbat͡ʃan]) was a state in Maluku Islands, present-day Indonesia that arose with the expansion of the spice trade in late medieval times. It mainly consisted of the Bacan Islands (Makian, Kayoa, Gane (Southern Halmahera), Bacan, Kasiruta, Mandioli, Obi etc.) but had periodical influence in Ceram and the Raja Ampat Islands. It fell under the colonial influence of Portugal in the 16th century and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) after 1609. Bacan was one of the four kingdoms of Maluku (Maloko Kië Raha) together with Ternate, Tidore and Jailolo, but tended to be overshadowed by Ternate. After the independence of Indonesia in 1949, the governing functions of the sultan were gradually replaced by a modern administrative structure. However, the sultanate has been revived as a cultural entity in present times.
Majumdar Rajiv Lochan Das
Majumdar Rajiv Lochan Das was one of the earliest patriarchs of the extended Munshi family of Kadirpara-Chougachi. He was the father of Hariram Das, Ramram Das and Munshi Balaram Das, and was the first individual of the Das family (later known as the Munshis) to settle in Kadirpara (present day Kadirpara Union, Sreepur Upazila, Magura District, Bangladesh).

Kadirpara Estate
Kadirpara Estate was a zamindari in erstwhile Kadirpara during British Raj era. It was founded by Munshi Balaram Das, who served as the Munshi of Raja Sitaram Ray, the 17th century independent Hindu zamindar who revolted against the Mughal Empire. Initially during Mughal period, and later during British period, this zamindari became one of the prominent zamindaries in eastern part of Bengal. The ruins of the zamindari palace, popularly known as Kadirpara Babu Zamindar Bari still exists. It is a place of interest in Magura District of present-day Bangladesh.
Mühlsteinbrüche
The Mühlsteinbrüche ("Millstone Quarries", Upper Sorbian: Skały młyna) south of Jonsdorf in the Zittau Mountains in Saxony are a region of bizarre rock formations, which have been formed by the quarrying of sandstone for millstones and also by weathering processes. They are a popular hiking and climbing area. An educational trail runs through the region which has an area of about 35 hectares.

Jonsdorf
The community of Jonsdorf is located in the south of the Kreis Görlitz in the southeast of the German federal state of Saxony. It is embedded into a valley of the Zittau Mountains, part of the Lusatian Mountains.
Clinton A. Puckett
Clinton A. Puckett (March 6, 1926 – September 3, 2002) was a United States Marine who served as the 6th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps from February 1, 1973, until he retired from active duty on May 31, 1975. He served in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War; receiving the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism for actions in Korea. He was the last Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps to have served in World War II.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Ascanius
Ascanius (/əˈskeɪniəs/; Ancient Greek:  Ἀσκάνιος) was a legendary king of Alba Longa (traditional reign: 1176 BC to 1138 BC) and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas and of Creusa, daughter of Priam. He is a significant figure in Roman mythology because of his family connections: as the son of the Roman ancestor-figure Aeneas (himself the son of the goddess Venus and the Trojan prince Anchises), and as a forebear of the Roman people. Under his additional name Iulus, he was claimed as the particular ancestor of the gens Iulia, the family of Julius Caesar, and therefore a progenitor of the first line of Roman emperors, the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Some Roman genealogies also make him an ancestor of Romulus and Remus, the founders of the city of Rome itself.

Like his father, Ascanius appears as a major character in Virgil's Aeneid.

Venus (mythology)
Venus (/ˈviːnəs/; Classical Latin: [ˈwɛnʊs]) is a Roman goddess whose functions encompass love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the ancestor of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.

The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality. As such, she is usually depicted nude.
Johan Hampus Furuhjelm
Johan Hampus Furuhjelm, (Russian: Фуругельм, Иван Васильевич; 11 March 1821 – 21 September 1909) was a Russian Finnish vice-admiral and explorer, commander of the Russian Baltic Fleet, and governor of the Russian Far East, Taganrog and Russian America.

Yevfimiy Putyatin
Yevfimiy Vasilyevich Putyatin (Russian: Евфи́мий Васи́льевич Путя́тин; 8 November 1803 – 16 October 1883), also known as Euphimius Putiatin, was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy. His diplomatic mission to Japan resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Shimoda in 1855, for which he was made a count. His mission to China in 1858 resulted in the Russian Treaty of Tianjin.
Robert Mullen Company
Robert Mullen Company was a public relations company in Washington, D.C. The firm was founded in 1952 by Robert R. Mullen, who was a campaign press secretary for Dwight D. Eisenhower and information director for the Marshall Plan. The Watergate committee report revealed that the company had in at least two instances been a front for CIA operations abroad, in addition for former CIA intelligence case officer and head of the White House plumbers E. Howard Hunt.

In 1971 the Robert Mullen Company was purchased by future U.S. Senator Robert Foster Bennett, son of U.S. Senator Wallace Foster Bennett.  He closed it down in 1974.

White House Plumbers
The White House Plumbers, sometimes simply called the Plumbers, the Room 16 Project, ODESSA or more officially, the White House Special Investigations Unit, was a covert White House Special Investigations Unit, established within a week of the publication of the Pentagon Papers in June 1971, during the presidency of Richard Nixon. Its task was to stop and/or respond to the leaking of classified information, such as the Pentagon Papers, to the news media. The work of the unit "tapered off" after the bungled "Ellsberg break-in" but some of its former operatives branched into illegal activities while still employed at the White House together with managers of the Committee for the Re-Election of the President, including the Watergate break-in and the ensuing Watergate scandal. The group has been described as Nixon's "fixers".
Animal reflectors
Animal reflectors or animal mirrors are important to the survival of many kinds of animal, and, in some cases, have been mimicked by engineers developing photonic crystals. Examples are the scales of silvery fish, and the tapetum lucidum that causes the eyeshine of dogs and cats. All these reflectors work by interference of light in multilayer structures with dimensions less than a wavelength, so can be classed as photonic crystals. Other animal photonic crystals have evolved to reflect narrow spectra, producing animal coloration.

Tapetum lucidum
The tapetum lucidum (Latin for 'bright tapestry, coverlet'; /təˈpiːtəm ˈluːsɪdəm/ tə-PEE-təm LOO-sih-dəm; pl.: tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some other animals. Lying immediately behind the retina, it is a retroreflector. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors (although slightly blurring the image).

The tapetum lucidum contributes to the superior night vision of some animals. Many of these animals are nocturnal, especially carnivores, while others are deep-sea animals. Similar adaptations occur in some species of spiders. Haplorhine primates, including humans, are diurnal and lack a tapetum lucidum.
Herman Helcher
Chaim "Herman" Helcher (1877–1912) was a Latvian-American cigar maker and attempted murderer. Having suffered from a mental disorder since childhood, after emigrating to the United States, he became obsessed with his English teacher Voltairine de Cleyre. He began to harbor paranoid delusions about her, leading to him attempting to murder her. De Cleyre survived the attack, but the bullet wounds caused her pain for the rest of her life. Although she defended Helcher during his trial, he was convicted and sentenced to prison. He spent much of the remainder in his life in mental asylums, where he died.

Lunatic asylum
The lunatic asylum, insane asylum or mental asylum was an institution where people with mental illness were confined. It was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.

Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylum. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal and focused on containment and restraint. The discovery of anti-psychotic drugs and mood-stabilizing drugs resulted in a shift in focus from containment in lunatic asylums to treatment in psychiatric hospitals. Later, there was further and more thorough critique in the form of the deinstitutionalization movement which focuses on treatment at home or in less isolated institutions.

Whilst it was used in the past, modern and more humane areas have been developed as opposed to the unorthodox methods of isolation and questionable therapies used in Lunatic (insane) asylum(s).
Elections in Telangana
Telangana has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution, with power distributed between the state government and the districts.

The Governor of Telangana is the ceremonial head of the state. However, it is the Chief Minister of Telangana who is the leader of the party or political alliance having a majority in the state elections to the Telangana Legislative Assembly. The chief minister is the leader of the executive branch of the government of Telangana. The chief minister is the chief adviser to the governor of Telangana and the head of the state council of ministers.

Elections in Telangana are conducted every five years to elect members to the Telangana Legislative Assembly and members of parliament to the Lok Sabha. There are 119 assembly constituencies and 17 Lok Sabha constituencies. The state has conducted 3 assembly elections and 2 Lok Sabha elections since independence.

Member of Parliament (India)
A Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:

Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: Representative of the Indian states to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.

Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha: Representative of the Indian citizens to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.
Abdi Nageeye
Abdi Nageeye (born 2 March 1989) is a Somali-Dutch long-distance runner from the Netherlands. He won the silver medal in the marathon at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Nageeye placed third at the 2022 New York City Marathon and won the 2024 New York City Marathon. He was the first European man since Mo Farah, and only the second European man overall, to win a World Marathon Major.

He is the Dutch national record holder for the 10 km road race, half marathon, and marathon.

Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics were held during the last ten days of the Games. They were due to be held from 31 July – 9 August 2020, at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, Japan.  Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were postponed to 2021, with the track and field events set for 30 July – 8 August. The sport of athletics at these Games was split into three distinct sets of events: track and field events, remaining in Tokyo, and road running events and racewalking events, moved to Sapporo. A total of 48 events were held, one more than in 2016, with the addition of a mixed relay event.
Andre Dozzell
Andre Leon Dozzell (born 2 May 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for EFL Championship club Portsmouth.

Dozzell graduated from the academy at his hometown club Ipswich Town, scoring on his senior debut in 2016. He has won caps for England at youth levels from U16 up to U20, helping England U19 to win the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. He remained at Ipswich for five years, making over 90 appearances, before joining Queens Park Rangers in 2021. He spent the second half of the 2023–24 season on loan at Birmingham City.

2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
The 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship (also known as UEFA Under-19 Euro 2017) was the 16th edition of the UEFA European Under-19 Championship (66th edition if the Under-18 and Junior eras are included), the annual international youth football championship organised by UEFA for the men's under-19 national teams of Europe. Georgia, which were selected by UEFA on 26 January 2015, hosted the tournament.

A total of eight teams played in the tournament, with players born on or after 1 January 1998 eligible to participate.

In the final, which was played on 15 July, England defeated Portugal 2–1.
Kevin Pearson (bishop)
Kevin Pearson (born 27 August 1954) is an Anglican bishop. He served as the Bishop of Argyll and The Isles in the Scottish Episcopal Church from 2011 to 2020. In July 2020, he served as the Bishop of Glasgow and Galloway from July 2020 to August 2024.

Bishop of Argyll and The Isles (Episcopal)
The Bishop of Argyll and The Isles (Scottish Gaelic: Easbaig Earra-Ghàidheal agus nan Eilean) is the Ordinary of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Argyll and the Isles.

The Episcopal see was created by the union of the ancient bishoprics of Argyll and The Isles in 1847. The bishop has two seats: the Cathedral Church of St John the Divine in Oban and the Cathedral of The Isles and Collegiate Church of the Holy Spirit in Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, which is the smallest cathedral in the British Isles. There are two island retreat centres: Bishop's House is on Iona, while the College of the Holy Spirit is also in Millport.

The diocesan bishop, since August 2024, has been David Railton.
Jacob of Muttuchira
Jacob Pakalomattam (died 1596) was an Archdeacon of the Saint Thomas Christian community in India in the years preceding the Synod of Diamper in 1599. He was a native of Muttuchira and belonged to the Pakalomattam dynastic family.  His activities were based in the Church of Ruha d'Qudisha in Muttuchira. He owed his staunch allegiance to the traditionalist Eliah Patriarchate of the Church of the East and Metropolitan Mar Shemon, who was sent to India by Patriarch Eliya VI Barmama. He protested against the Latinising attempts of the Portuguese Padroado and resisted the Chaldean Catholic attempts of reconciliation led by Joseph Sulaqa and Abraham of Angamaly. Throughout his archdeaconate, he is known to have rebelled against the Chaldean Catholic archdeacons including Givargis of Cross.

Eliya VI
Eliya VI (Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ / Elīyā, d. 26 May 1591) was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1558 to 1591, with residence in Rabban Hormizd Monastery, near Alqosh, in modern Iraq. In older historiography, he was designated as Eliya VI, but later renumbered as Eliya "VII" by some authors, who believed that during the period from 1558 to 1591 there were two successive Eliya patriarchs (first in 1558-1576, and second in 1576-1591). After the resolution of several chronological questions, he was designated again as Eliya VI, and that numeration is accepted in recent scholarly works.
Acrylamide
Acrylamide (or acrylic amide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2. It is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents. From the chemistry perspective, acrylamide is a vinyl-substituted primary amide (CONH2). It is produced industrially mainly as a precursor to polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents.

Acrylamide forms in burnt areas of food, particularly starchy foods like potatoes, when cooked with high heat, above 120 °C (248 °F). Despite health scares following this discovery in 2002, and its classification as a probable carcinogen, there is ongoing debate as to whether acrylamide consumed through diet is likely to cause cancer in humans; Cancer Research UK categorized the idea that eating burnt food causes cancer as a myth.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Les Temps modernes
Les Temps modernes (lit. 'Modern Times') was a French post-World War II literary magazine, founded at Éditions Gallimard by Jean-Paul Sartre with Simone de Beauvoir to substitute La Nouvelle Revue française, discontinued due to its collaboration with the Nazi occupiers.

The first issue of Les Temps modernes appeared in October 1945. It was later published by Julliard (January 1949 to September 1965) and by the Presses d'aujourd'hui (October 1964 to March 1985) before returning to Gallimard in April 1985. It ceased publication in 2019, after 74 years.

Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (French: [edisjɔ̃ ɡalimaːʁ]), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003, it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.

Founded by Gaston Gallimard in 1911, the publisher is now majority-owned by his grandson Antoine Gallimard.

Éditions Gallimard is a subsidiary of Groupe Madrigall, the third largest French publishing group.
Mairia robusta
Mairia robusta is a tufted, white-woolly, perennial, herbaceous plant of up to 30 cm (1 ft) high, that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. It has large, robust, hard and leathery leaves, with a white woolly hairy, nontransparent underside, while the felty hairs on the top are lost with age. Only at a few occasions, flowers have been observed, in June, October and December, always after a fire. The flower heads sit individually at the tip of white-woolly scapes, with 14–16 purplish pink to white ray florets surrounding a yellow disc. M. robusta is an endemic species that is restricted to rocky mountain slopes in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Scape (botany)
In botany, a scape is a peduncle arising from a subterranean or very compressed stem, with the lower internodes very long and hence few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle. Typically it takes the form of a long, leafless flowering stem rising directly from a bulb, rhizome, or similar subterranean or underwater structure.

The scapes of scallions, chives, garlic chives, and garlic are used as vegetables.
Promegestone
Promegestone, sold under the brand name Surgestone, is a progestin medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects of promegestone include menstrual irregularities among others. Promegestone is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak antiandrogenic, glucocorticoid, and antimineralocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is largely a prodrug of trimegestone.

Promegestone was first described in 1973 and was introduced for medical use in France in 1983. It has only been marketed in a few countries, including France, Portugal, Tunisia, and Argentina. In addition to its use as a medication, promegestone has been widely used in scientific research as a radioligand of the progesterone receptor.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This group of drugs is often used as adjunctive therapy, in combination with other drugs, for the management of chronic heart failure. Spironolactone, the first member of the class, is also used in the management of hyperaldosteronism (including Conn's syndrome) and female hirsutism (due to additional antiandrogen actions). Most antimineralocorticoids, including spironolactone, are steroidal spirolactones. Finerenone is a nonsteroidal antimineralocorticoid.
Jucker (card game)
Jucker, also known as Juckerspiel ("game of Jucker") or Juckern ("playing Jucker"), is a card game that was popular in the Alsace and Palatinate regions on either side of the modern Franco-German border. It is believed to be the ancestor of Euchre and may have given its name to the playing card known as the Joker.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).