hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers
The National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers (NUAAW) was a trades union representing farmworkers in the United Kingdom. The Union was founded in 1906 by trade union activist George Edwards. It was dissolved in 1982 when it merged into the Agricultural Section of the Transport and General Workers' Union.

In 1919, the union began publishing its journal The Landworker for its members. The journal remains in circulation, now published by the Agricultural Section of Unite the Union.

Unite the Union
Unite the Union, commonly known as Unite, is a trade union in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, formed on 1 May 2007 by the merger of Amicus and the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU). A general union, Unite is one of the largest trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with over 1.2 million members. The current general secretary is Sharon Graham, who was elected in August 2021.
2025 United Cup
The 2025 United Cup was the third edition of the United Cup, an international outdoor hard court mixed-gender team tennis tournament held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Serving as the opener for the 2025 ATP Tour and the 2025 WTA Tour, it was held from 27 December 2024 to 5 January 2025 at two venues in the Australian cities of Perth and Sydney. It offered both ATP rankings and WTA rankings points to its players: a player was able to win a maximum of 500 points.

Team United States won their second title, after defeating Team Poland 2–0 in the final. Team Germany was the defending champion, but were defeated in the quarterfinals by Team Kazakhstan.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Nagao's theorem
In mathematics, Nagao's theorem, named after Hirosi Nagao, is a result about the structure of the group of 2-by-2 invertible matrices over the ring of polynomials over a field.  It has been extended by Jean-Pierre Serre to give a description of the structure of the corresponding matrix group over the coordinate ring of a projective curve.

Jean-Pierre Serre
Jean-Pierre Serre (French: [sɛʁ]; born 15 September 1926) is a French mathematician who has made contributions to algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1954 and the inaugural Abel Prize in 2003.
Ips cembrae
Ips cembrae, known generally as larch bark beetle or eight-toothed larch bark beetle, is a species of typical bark beetle in the family Curculionidae. Its habitat is Euro-Siberian, ranging from sea level to sub-alpine. It was first recorded in Great Britain in 1955. Populations were said to be found in Japan and China, but further research determined that those were actually Ips subelongatus.

The insect measures around 5 mm and has a dark brown to black colour. The species is considered hard to distinguish visually from Ips typographus.

European spruce bark beetle
The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), also called the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, is a species of beetle in the weevil subfamily Scolytinae, the bark beetles, and is found in Europe, Asia Minor and east to China, Japan, and Korea. As it moves from tree to tree, it brings wood-rotting fungi with it, destroying the commercial value of the timber. It creates branching galleries under the bark (in the phloem), weakening the tree; serious and prolonged infestations can create enough galleries to girdle and so kill the tree. It is a serious pest of Norway spruce, a major commercial forestry tree in Europe, but also affects pines, firs, and larches.
Civil war in Pomerelia
The civil war in Pomerelia was a military conflict in Pomerelia fought from 1269 to 1272. The conflict began between members of the Samboride dynasty, with Mestwin II, ruler of the Duchy of Świecie fighting against Wartislaw II of Gdańsk, ruler of the Duchy of Gdańsk, and Sambor II, ruler of the Duchy of Lubiszewo. In 1270, Mestwin had conquered their states, unifying the Duchy of Pomerelia under his rule. Wartislaw II and Sambor II continued to fight from exile, aided by the Duchy of Inowrocław and the State of the Teutonic Order, while Mestwin had allied with Bolesław the Pious, ruler of the Duchy of Greater Poland. In 1271, the war was joined by  the Margraviate of Brandenburg who attempted to conquer the Duchy of Pomerelia. The war ended in January 1272, with Mestwin II's victory, establishment of the Duchy of Pomerelia, and partition of the Duchy of Inowrocław between Pomerelia and Greater Poland.

Pomerelia
Pomerelia, also known as Eastern Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania, and also before World War II as Polish Pomerania, is a historical sub-region of Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland.

Gdańsk Pomerania is largely coextensive with Pomerelia, but slightly narrower, as it does not include Chełmno Land and Michałów Land.

Its largest and most important city is Gdańsk. Since 1999 the region has formed the core of Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Sound chip
A sound chip is an integrated circuit (chip) designed to produce audio signals through digital, analog or mixed-mode electronics. Sound chips are typically fabricated on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) mixed-signal chips that process audio signals (analog and digital signals, for both analog and digital data). They normally contain audio components such as oscillators, envelope controllers, samplers, filters, amplifiers, and envelope generators.

Digital electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through logical gates, resistors, capacitors, amplifiers, and other electronic components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics, which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two-state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations.

Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
Anthony Lamb (botanist)
Datuk Anthony L. Lamb, P.G.D.K. (15 July 1937 – 31 January 2024) was a British botanist, born in British Ceylon, who specialised in the flora of Sabah, East Malaysia, at the northern end of the island of Borneo.

Datuk
Datuk (or its variant Dato' or Datu; literally: grandfather) is a Malay honorific title commonly used in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as a traditional title by Minangkabau people in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Use of the title various between locations, in some cases being bestowed by a ruler and in other cases being inherited by family line.

The title of the wife of a male Datuk is Datin. Women with the title can take either the title Datin or Datuk.
Jefferson (footballer, born 1983)
Jefferson de Oliveira Galvão, simply known as Jefferson (born 2 January 1983), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having begun his career at Cruzeiro and spent time on loan at Botafogo, Jefferson then spent four seasons in the Turkish Süper Lig in service of Trabzonspor and Konyaspor before returning to Botafogo. He is one of the eight footballers with the most appearances Botafogo club history, with 459 between the years of 2003 to 2005 and 2009 to 2018.

A former world champion at under-20 level, Jefferson made his senior debut for Brazil in 2011 and was named in their squads for two Copa América tournaments, the 2014 FIFA World Cup and their victory at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.

2013 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the ninth FIFA Confederations Cup, which was held in Brazil from 15 to 30 June 2013 as a prelude to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The most recent winners of the six continental championships appeared in the tournament, along with hosts Brazil and UEFA Euro 2012 runners-up Italy, who qualified because the Euro 2012 winners, Spain, had also won the most recent FIFA World Cup in 2010 thus securing a spot in the tournament.

The two-time defending champion and host nation Brazil successfully defended their title with a 3–0 win over Spain in the final. It was their fourth Confederations Cup title and third in a row, after previous wins in 1997, 2005 and 2009.

According to then FIFA president Sepp Blatter, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the best version of the tournament ever played. The competition was the first national team tournament to employ goal-line technology, which was also used at the 2014 World Cup.
Kyauktada District
Kyauktada District (Burmese: ကျောက်တံတားခရိုင်) is a District in Yangon Region, Myanmar. It is a township of Yangon and contains five townships forming the core of Yangon's downtown. The district was created in 2022, being one of the new districts created from the former West Yangon District. The administrative seat of the Yangon City Development Committee, and thereby Yangon city is located in Kyauktada Township in the district's east.

Yangon Region
Yangon Region (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး, MLCTS: rankun tuing desa. kri:, pronounced [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí]; formerly Rangoon Division and Yangon Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar. Located in central Myanmar, the region is bordered by Bago Region to the north and east, the Gulf of Martaban to the south, and Ayeyarwady Region to the west. Yangon Region is dominated by its capital city of Yangon, the former national capital and the largest city in the country. Other important cities are Thanlyin and Twante. The division is the most developed region of the country and the main international gateway. The division measures 10,170 km2 (3,930 sq mi).
Thaiyalkaran
Thaiyalkaran (transl. Tailor) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by S. P. Muthuraman, written by Mahendran and produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu. The film stars R. Parthiban, Aishwarya, Saikumar Pudipeddi, Sreeja and Charmila, with Muralikumar, Chokkalinga Bhagavathar, Vasu Vikram, Dubbing Janaki and Ganeshkar in supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1991.

S. P. Muthuraman
Subbiah Palaniappan "S.P." Muthuraman, also referred to as SPM, is an Indian film director who works in the Tamil film industry. He has directed 72 films in Tamil. He was one of the most successful commercial directors in Tamil cinema. Initially he worked mainly with R. Muthuraman, Jaishankar, Sivaji Ganesan and went on to direct successful films with Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan.

S. P. Muthuraman debuted as an assistant director in the film Kalathur Kannamma (1960). He has received two South Filmfare Awards and a Best Director award from the Tamil Nadu State Government.

Since 1977, his association with Rajinikanth proved to be extremely successful, as they went on work together in 25 films. Muthuraman was mainly responsible for moulding Rajini's career and turning him into a commercial star. He was also the associate producer of the Rajinikanth starrer Sivaji.
1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia
The 1992 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

West Virginia was won by Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 48.41% of the popular vote over incumbent President George H. W. Bush (R-Texas) with 35.39%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 15.92% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush.

As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Wirt County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.

Wirt County, West Virginia
Wirt County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,194, making it the least populous county in West Virginia. Its county seat is Elizabeth. The county was created in 1848 by the Virginia General Assembly and named for U.S. Attorney General  and presidential candidate William Wirt. The county is served by one high school, Wirt County High School.

Wirt County is part of the Parkersburg-Vienna, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Emamzadeh Ebrahim, Kashan
The Emamzadeh Ebrahim (Persian: امامزاده ابراهیم; Arabic: مرقد إبراهيم) is a Shi'ite funerary monument and religious complex, located in Kashan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. The emamzadeh was completed in 1895 CE, during the Qajar era, and is renown for its turquoise dome, tiled minarets, pleasant sahn and beautiful iwan. Paintings, tiles and decorations with cut mirrors have been added later in the early 20th century.

The complex was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 1 February 1956, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

Imamzadeh
An imamzadeh (Persian: امامزاده, romanized: emāmzādeh, lit. 'Descendant of the Imams') is a  Persian term with two related meanings: a type of holy person in Shia Islam, and the shrine-tomb of such a person.
Radim Ostrčil
Radim Ostrčil (born January 15, 1989) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenseman. He most recently played with VHK Vsetín in the Second National Hockey League (Czech.3).

He has formerly played with HC Vsetín and HC Olomouc. While formerly enjoying a spell in the Czech Extraliga with HC Kometa Brno. He was selected by the Boston Bruins in the 6th round (169th overall) of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. After playing the following 2007–08 season of major junior hockey with the Ottawa 67's in the Ontario Hockey League, and with a contract with the Bruins unattainable, he opted to return to the Czech Republic.

VHK Vsetín
Valašský hokejový klub Vsetín, also known as Hockey Club Vsetín, is a professional ice hockey team in the Czech 1. liga (second-level league). The team is the most successful team in Czech Republic ice hockey history, winning five straight Extraliga championships between 1995 and 1999, and another in 2001 for six titles in seven years. Their home arena is Zimní stadion Na Lapači in Vsetín. In the 2005–06 and 2006-07 seasons, they finished at the bottom of the league and did not participate in any competition in the 2007-08 season due to financial problems. Hockey returned to Vsetín a year later, when a new team was founded. The team has been playing in the Czech 1. liga since the 2017-18 season after being promoted from the Czech 2. liga (third-level league) in 2016-17.
Mullie Lenoir
Bertram Earl "Mullie" Lenoir (January 19, 1897 – May 11, 1979) was an American college football player and coach. Lenoir was an All-Southern running back for the Alabama Crimson Tide of the University of Alabama, and coached both the Georgetown Tigers and Bluefield Rams.

Bluefield Rams
The Bluefield Rams are the athletic teams that represent Bluefield University, located in Bluefield, Virginia, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) for most of their sports since the 2014–15 academic year (which they were a member on a previous stint from 2001–02 to 2011–12); while its football team competes in the Mid-South Conference (MSC) since the 2014 fall season.

They were also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Mid-East Region of the Division I level until after the 2019–20 school year to fully align with the NAIA. The Rams previously competed in the Mid-South as a full member from 2012–13 to 2013–14. Athletes make up about 60% of the student population at Bluefield. It served as host for the NCCAA Softball National Championship.
50-Minute Fun Break
50-Minute Fun Break, released in 1992, is the fourth studio album by the collegiate comedy a cappella group the Stanford Fleet Street Singers. It was a landmark album in the a cappella genre for its pioneering recording techniques and use of studio effects. The album won critical acclaim for its studio work, including a special award in engineering from the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards, although some critics criticized the studio engineering as "intrusive." 50-Minute Fun Break marked a breakout album for its audio engineer, Bill Hare, who went on to become the most-awarded engineer in a cappella.

Contemporary A Cappella Society
The Contemporary A Cappella Society (of America), or CASA, is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that fosters and promotes a cappella music of all styles around the world. CASA was founded in October 1990 by Deke Sharon while attending Tufts University in Medford. Sharon published a newsletter, the Collegiate A Cappella Newsletter (later renamed to the Contemporary A Cappella Newsletter), which was mailed to a database of collegiate a cappella groups maintained by his own college a cappella group, the Beelzebubs. The Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (CARAs) were established the following year in 1992.

The organization is the host of several annual events including the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella. It boasts over 6,000 current members and serves as a resource for media and scholarly work in the area of contemporary a cappella.
Gien van Maanen
Gien van Maanen (1936 – 30 October 2023) was a Dutch handball and football player, who was a pioneer of Dutch football: she was the first goalkeeper for the Netherlands women's national football team, and was also goalkeeper for the Netherlands women's handball team.

Netherlands women's national handball team
The Netherlands women's national handball team is the national handball team of the Netherlands. It is governed by the Nederlands Handbal Verbond (NHV).

The team won their first World Championship in 2019 in Japan after defeating Spain in the final.
John A. Winston
John Anthony Winston (September 4, 1812 – December 21, 1871) was a planter, military officer, and politician who served from 1853 to 1857 as the 15th governor of Alabama and from 1845 to 1849 as president of the Alabama state senate. Alabama's first native-born governor, Winston later fought for the Confederate States of America as colonel of the 8th Alabama Infantry early in the American Civil War. After the war, he was not permitted to assume a seat in the United States Senate.

Governor of Alabama
The governor of Alabama is the head of government of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. Kay Ivey is the 54th and current governor since 2017.
Citlalli Ortiz
Citlalli Ortiz (born 19 January 2000) is an American-born Mexican professional boxer who has challenged for the WBA and WBC female super-middleweight titles. As an amateur she won a gold medal at the 2017 IBA Youth Women's World Championships, silver at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games and bronze at the 2023 Pan American Games. Ortiz also represented Mexico at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Boxing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 75 kg
The women's 75 kg (middleweight) boxing event at the 2024 Summer Olympics took place between 31 July and 10 August 2024. Preliminary boxing matches occurred at Arena Paris Nord in Villepinte, with the medal rounds (semifinals and finals) staged at Stade Roland Garros.
Edward C. Franklin
Edward Claus Franklin (April 14, 1928 – February 20, 1982) was a pioneering American immunologist and physician. He made major gains in the study of the aging process with contributions that led to the discovery of a group of abnormal protein aggregates known as amyloids, and played a key role in the fight against Arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Diabetes, and Cardiac arrhythmia. Franklin was a professor of medicine at the New York University School of Medicine, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, president of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, and director of Irvington House Institute. The New York Times  called Franklin "an international authority on the human immune system".

Franklin discovered heavy chain disease, one type of which is named after him (Franklin's disease). The Edward C. Franklin Award, which is given for achievements in immunology, has been established in his name.

Heavy chain disease
Heavy chain disease is a form of paraproteinemia and plasma cell dyscrasia that involves the proliferation of cells producing immunoglobulin heavy chains.

This disease is characterized by an excessive production of heavy chains that are short and truncated. These heavy chain disease proteins have various deletions, mainly in their amino-terminal part, which causes the heavy chains to lose the ability to form disulfide bonds with the light chains. The defect in the immunoglobulins presumably arises during somatic hypermutation. Deletion of the N-terminal part of the heavy chain disease protein leads to aggregation and signaling of the B cell receptor, presumably due to the loss of the anti-aggregating properties of the light chain.
R136a1
R136a1 (short for RMC 136a1) is the most massive and luminous star known, at around 291 solar masses (M☉) and around 7.2 million times the Sun's luminosity (L☉). It is a Wolf–Rayet star at the center of R136, the central concentration of stars of the large NGC 2070 open cluster in the Tarantula Nebula (30 Doradus) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The cluster can be seen in the far southern celestial hemisphere with binoculars or a small telescope, at magnitude 7.25. R136a1 itself is 100 times fainter than the cluster and can only be resolved using speckle interferometry.

R136c
R136c is a likely binary star located in R136, a tight knot of stars at the centre of NGC 2070, an open cluster weighing 450,000 solar masses and containing 10,000 stars. At 142 M☉ and 3.8 million L☉, it is one of the most massive stars known and one of the most luminous, along with being one of the hottest, at over 40,000 K. It was first resolved and named by Feitzinger in 1980, along with R136a and R136b.
Rajmahal
Rajmahal is a subdivisional town and a notified area in Rajmahal subdivision of the Sahebganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is situated at the banks of Ganges and was former capital of Bengal Subah under Mughal governor, Man Singh I.

Man Singh I
Mirza Raja Man Singh I (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the 24th Kachawaha Rajput ruler of the  Kingdom of Amber from 1589 to 1614. For the Mughals, he also served as the foremost imperial Subahdar of Bihar Subah from 1587 to 1594, then for Bengal Subah for three terms from 1595 to 1606 and the Subahdar of Kabul Subah from 1585 to 1586. He served in the imperial Mughal Army under Emperor Akbar. Man Singh fought sixty-seven important battles in Kabul, Balkh, Bukhara, Bengal and Central and Southern India. He was well versed in the battle tactics of both the Rajputs as well as the Mughals. He is commonly considered to be one of the Navaratnas, or the nine (nava) gems (ratna) of the royal court of Akbar.
Henry Metz
Henry S. Metz is an American pediatric ophthalmologist. He was the CEO of the Smith-Kettlewell Institute in San Francisco from 2003 to 2008.  Much of his early research concerned eye movements and strabismus, including saccadic velocity measurements and use of botulinum toxin.

Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute
The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute is a nonprofit research institute in San Francisco, California, with a focus on vision science and rehabilitation engineering. It was founded in 1959 by Arthur Jampolsky and Alan B. Scott, when some members of Stanford University's Ophthalmology Department elected to stay in San Francisco rather than move to Palo Alto.