hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Klenow fragment
The Klenow fragment is a large protein fragment produced when DNA polymerase I (Pol I) from E. coli is enzymatically cleaved by the protease subtilisin.  First reported in 1970, it retains the 5' → 3' polymerase activity and the 3’ → 5’ exonuclease activity for removal of precoding nucleotides and proofreading, but loses its 5' → 3' exonuclease activity.

The other smaller fragment formed when DNA polymerase I from E. coli is cleaved by subtilisin retains the 5' → 3' exonuclease activity but does not have the other two activities exhibited by the Klenow fragment (i.e. 5' → 3' polymerase activity, and 3' → 5' exonuclease activity).

Exonuclease
Exonucleases are enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain. A hydrolyzing reaction that breaks phosphodiester bonds at either the 3′ or the 5′ end occurs.  Its close relative is the endonuclease, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the middle (endo) of a polynucleotide chain.  Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have three types of exonucleases involved in the normal turnover of mRNA: 5′ to 3′ exonuclease (Xrn1), which is a dependent decapping protein; 3′ to 5′ exonuclease, an independent protein; and poly(A)-specific 3′ to 5′ exonuclease.

In both archaea and eukaryotes, one of the main routes of RNA degradation is performed by the multi-protein exosome complex, which consists largely of 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleases.
Skibstrup railway halt
Skibstrup halt is a railway halt serving the settlements of Skibstrup and Ellekilde on the coast of North Zealand, Denmark.

The halt is located on the Hornbæk Line from Helsingør to Gilleleje. It opened in 1915. The train services are currently operated by the railway company Lokaltog which runs frequent local train services between Helsingør station and Gilleleje station.

Helsingør railway station
Helsingør station (Danish pronunciation: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ stæˈɕoˀn]) is the principal railway station serving the city of Helsingør (English: Elsinore) in North Zealand, Denmark. It is located in the centre of the town, close to the Port of Helsingør, and immediately adjacent to the Helsingør ferry terminal and the Helsingør bus terminal.

The station is the terminus of the Coast Line to Copenhagen, the Little North Line to Hillerød and the Hornbæk Line to Gilleleje. It also provides easy access to the ferries of the Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route to  Helsingborg, Sweden.

The station opened in 1863 and was moved to its current location in 1891. The second and current station building was designed by architect Niels Peder Christian Holsøe in collaboration with architect Heinrich Wenck in a Neo-Renaissance style. It was listed in 1990.
Kollaps
Kollaps is the first official LP by Einstürzende Neubauten, released in 1981 on German label ZickZack as #ZZ 65. The songs are a mixture of rough punk tunes as well as industrial noises obtained from self-made music machines, electronics, and found objects such as metal plates. The album was reissued in 2002 with Stahldubversions, originally released in 1982. Blixa Bargeld, N.U. Unruh and F.M. Einheit appear on the album. "Jet'M" is a cover of the Serge Gainsbourg song "Je t'aime... moi non plus". Track 15 of many CD versions of the album is a live recording of "Negativ Nein" from 26 June 1987 at the Tempodrom in Berlin.

F.M. Einheit
Frank-Martin Strauß, better known as F.M. Einheit and also known as Mufti, (born 18 December 1958, in Dortmund) is German musician and actor, known for his work in industrial and electronic.

While primarily known for his work with the influential group Einstürzende Neubauten as a percussionist using self-designed custom instruments, Strauß has also collaborated with KMFDM, Goethes Erben and recorded several albums in collaboration with other musicians (such as Diamanda Galás, Mona Mur, Andreas Ammer, Ulrike Haage) and solo. Einheit was also involved in the projects Stein and Gry.
Noo Meter
Sarangsan Ruangsri (born 4 February 1966), or stage name, Noo Meter (Thai: หนู มิเตอร์), is a Thai luk thung and T-pop musician, songwriter and singer. He was popular during the 1980s until the 2010s. He was rear of the success of many Thai singers from RS Music, and he also became popular through his songs including Behind Picture (ข้างหลังภาพ), I Still Await You At Sugarcane Field (ไร่อ้อยคอยรัก), The Caterpillar (หนอนผีเสื้อ), Hate Beauty Girl (เกลียดคนสวย), The Promise At The Night (สัญญาก่อนนอน), etc.

RS Music
RS Music (Thai: อาร์เอส มิวสิค) it is a subsidiary of RS Group Public Company Limited, mainly engaged in the central music business. Initially, it was a separate record label during the restructuring of the company's music business in 2004. However, later, several sub-labels gradually reduced their status and merged, so the policy was changed to use the name RS Music as the middle name for the business units. Later, it changed its format back to being a centralized major record label until its role was reduced in 2018.
Mediolana Bluff
Mediolana Bluff (Bulgarian: рид Медиолана, romanized: rid Mediolana, IPA: [ˈrid mɛdioˈɫanɐ]) is the ice-covered bluff of elevation 1300 m in the northwest part of Basarbovo Ridge in Stribog Mountains on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It has steep and partly ice-free west and south slopes, and surmounts Malpighi Glacier to the southwest and Svetovrachene Glacier to the northeast.

The peak is named after the ancient Roman fortress of Mediolana in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Basarbovo Ridge
Basarbovo Ridge (Bulgarian: Басарбовски рид, ‘Basarbovski Rid’ \ba-'sar-bov-ski 'rid\) is the ice-covered ridge rising to 1421 m on the east side of the Stribog Mountains on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It extends 10.4 km from Taran Plateau to the northwest to Bov Point to the southeast.  It has steep and partly ice-free southwest slopes, and surmounts Malpighi Glacier to the southwest and Svetovrachene Glacier to the northeast.

The ridge is named after the settlement of Basarbovo in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Don't Stop the Carnival (Sonny Rollins album)
Don't Stop the Carnival is a live album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded at the Great American Music Hall and released on the Milestone label in 1978, featuring performances by Rollins with  Mark Soskin, Aurell Ray, Jerome Harris and Tony Williams with Donald Byrd joining on five tracks.

Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles
Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles, now more commonly referred to as spherical nucleic acids, (Fig. 1) are colloidal gold particles densely modified with short (typically ~30-mer or less), highly oriented, synthetic DNA strands. They were invented by Chad Mirkin et al. at Northwestern University in 1996. Paul Alivisatos et al. at the University of California, Berkeley introduced a related monovalent structure the same year. Due to the strong interaction between gold and thiols (-SH), the first polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles were obtained by capping the gold nanoparticles with a dense monolayer of thiol-modified DNA. The dense packing and negative charge of the phosphate backbones of DNA orients it into solution (like a “koosh ball”) with a footprint that is dependent on factors including the particle size and radius of curvature.

Colloidal gold
Colloidal gold is a sol or colloidal suspension of nanoparticles of gold in a fluid, usually water. The colloid is coloured usually either wine red (for spherical particles less than 100 nm) or blue-purple (for larger spherical particles or nanorods).
Due to their optical, electronic, and molecular-recognition properties, gold nanoparticles are the subject of substantial research, with many potential or promised applications in a wide variety of areas, including electron microscopy, electronics, nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedicine.

The properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles, and thus their potential applications, depend strongly upon their size and shape. For example, rodlike particles have both a transverse and longitudinal absorption peak, and anisotropy of the shape affects their self-assembly.
Empire I
Empire I (true name Miriam Moufide, also stage-named The Gangstress) is a singer, songwriter and social activist based in Kingston, Jamaica.  Her musical style has been described as a blend of dancehall, reggae, hip hop, pop and World music. She is signed to Monumental Records and distributed by Universal Music Group and Zojak Worldwide.

Sizzla
Miguel Orlando Collins (born 17 April 1976), known by his stage name Sizzla Kalonji or Sizzla, is a Jamaican reggae musician. He is one of the most commercially and critically successful contemporary reggae artists and is noted for his high number of releases. As of 2018 he has released 56 solo albums.
Rideau (company)
Rideau (/ˈriːdoʊ/ REE-doh; French pronunciation: [ʁido]) Recognition is a private, North American based company that provides corporate and governmental recognition programs and products. Founded in 1912 as the Stephenson Company, the company has undergone several buyouts and ventures in different geographical markets. Rideau was the first Canadian company to produce the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian decoration, as well as the first Canadian company to be granted its own coat of arms by The Heraldic Authority.

Canadian Heraldic Authority
The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA; French: Autorité héraldique du Canada) is part of the Canadian honours system under the Canadian monarch, whose authority is exercised by the Governor General of Canada. The authority is responsible for the creation and granting of new coats of arms (armorial bearings), flags, and badges for Canadian citizens, government agencies, municipal, civic and other corporate bodies. The authority also registers existing armorial bearings granted by other recognized heraldic authorities, approves military badges, flags, and other insignia of the Canadian Forces, and provides information on heraldic practices. It is well known for its innovative designs, many incorporating First Nations symbolism.

The CHA is the Canadian counterpart of the College of Arms in London, the Court of the Lord Lyon in Scotland, the Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland in the Republic of Ireland, and U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry for federal agencies of the United States.
USS Attu
USS Attu (CVE-102) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier of the United States Navy. She was named after the Battle of Attu in the Aleutian Islands and was built for service during World War II. Launched in May 1944, and commissioned in June, she served as a transport carrier, ferrying aircraft, and as a replenishment carrier, supporting the Invasion of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet. She was decommissioned in June 1946, and sold for scrapping in January 1947. After a failed acquisition attempt by the Jewish Agency, she was ultimately scrapped in 1949.

Battle of Attu
The Battle of Attu (codenamed Operation Landcrab), which took place on 11–30 May 1943, was fought between forces of the United States, aided by Canadian reconnaissance and fighter-bomber support, and Japan on Attu Island off the coast of the Territory of Alaska as part of the Aleutian Islands campaign during the American Theater and the Pacific Theater. Attu is the only land battle in which Japanese and American forces fought in snowy conditions, in contrast with the tropical climate in the rest of the Pacific. The battle ended when most of the Japanese defenders were killed in brutal hand-to-hand combat after a final banzai charge broke through American lines.
Stan Anderson (Scottish footballer)
Stan Anderson (22 June 1939 – 3 December 1997) was a Scottish football player and manager.

Anderson was born in Craigneuk, Scotland. He started his career in 1957 at Hamilton Academical. He moved to Rangers two years later but was unable to break into the senior team, making only one appearance for the club during a 1-4 defeat by Clyde on 27 April 1960. A return to Accies followed in 1961 then a season with Queen of the South before a final spell with Hamilton. In 1966 Anderson moved to Clyde and went on to make over one hundred appearances for the team.

After retiring in 1970, Anderson joined the Dumbarton coaching staff. He returned to Rangers as reserve-team coach under William Waddell and later Jock Wallace. In 1973, he was appointed manager of Clyde,  spending three seasons in charge.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Baldrine railway station
Baldrine Station (Manx: Stashoon Raad Yiarn Valley Drine) is a railway halt in the Isle of Man. It is an intermediate request stop on the east coast route of the Manx Electric Railway in the village of Baldrine in the parish of Lonan, on the route to Ramsey.

Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.
George Bowen (rugby union)
George Einon Bowen (15 June 1863 – 19 January 1919) was a Welsh international rugby union half back who played club rugby for Swansea and Llanelli. Bowen won four caps for Wales and also played cricket for Glamorgan. Later in his life he became the Mayor of Kidwelly.

Bowen was first selected for Wales on 26 February 1887 in a Championship game against Scotland at Raeburn Place, Edinburgh. Wales, under the captaincy of Bob Gould, were decimated by a free running Scotland who scored 12 tries against Wales without reply. Despite this terrible result, Bowen was selected again two weeks later to face Ireland, this time led out by Tom Clapp. On this occasion Wales won even though their Irish opposition scored more tries. Bowen played against both Ireland and Scotland again the following season. His final game was at Lansdowne Road in a match that saw eight Welsh internationals play their last game for Wales.

Tom Clapp
Tom Clapp (25 October 1858 – 15 October 1933) was an English-born international rugby union forward who played club rugby for Newport and Nantyglo RFC. He won 14 caps for Wales and captained the team on three occasions. Clapp was the first Newport player to captain Wales.
Utah State Route 82
State Route 82 (SR-82) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. It is a short connector road, only 3.178 miles (5.114 km) long, that connects the towns of Tremonton and Garland in Box Elder County.

Utah State Route 126
State Route 126 (SR-126) is a highway completely within the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area in northern Utah that makes a loop around Interstate 15 in its more than twenty-one mile path. The street is given the names Layton Parkway, 
Main Street, 1900 West and 2000 West respectively from south to north. Previous to 1977, SR-126 was a road in southern Utah. A portion of the highway is an old routing of US-91.
Madeleine Lim
Madeleine Lim (born 11 May 1964) is a filmmaker, producer, director, cinematographer and LGBTQ activist. She is the founding executive director of the Queer Women of Color Media Arts Project (QWOCMAP), and an adjunct professor of film studies at the University of San Francisco. Lim is also a co-founder of SAMBAL (Singaporean & Malaysian Bisexual Women and Lesbians) and the US Asian Lesbian Network in the San Francisco Bay Area.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
Padmakar–Ivan index
In chemical graph theory, the Padmakar–Ivan (PI) index is a topological index of a molecule, used in biochemistry. The Padmakar–Ivan index is a generalization introduced by Padmakar V. Khadikar and Iván Gutman of the concept of the Wiener index, introduced by Harry Wiener. The Padmakar–Ivan index of a graph G is the sum over all edges  uv of  G of number of edges which are not equidistant from u  and v.
Let G be a graph and e = uv an edge of G. Here  denotes the number of edges lying closer to the vertex u than the vertex v, and  is the number of edges lying closer to the vertex v than the vertex u. The Padmakar–Ivan index of a graph G is defined as

The PI index is very important in the study of quantitative structure–activity relationship for the classification models used in the chemical, biological sciences, engineering, and nanotechnology.

Wiener index
In chemical graph theory, the Wiener index (also Wiener number) introduced by Harry Wiener, is a topological index of a molecule, defined as the sum of the lengths of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in the chemical graph representing the non-hydrogen atoms in the molecule.

The Wiener index can be used for the representation of computer networks and enhancing lattice hardware security.
Mohamed Ismail Abdoun
Mohamed Ismail Abdoun (born 1945 in Béchar) is an Algerian academic and literary critic.  
He is the author of a doctoral dissertation devoted to a poetics of dissidence in the works of Henri Michaux and Kateb Yacine.  
His research focuses on comparative literature and poetic criticism.

Kateb Yacine
Kateb Yacine (Arabic pronunciation: [kæːtb jæːsiːn]; 2 August 1929 or 6 August 1929 – 28 October 1989) was an Algerian writer notable for his novels and plays, both in French and Algerian Arabic, and his advocacy of the Berber cause.
Tony Gauci
Tony Gauci (6 April 1944 – 29 October 2016) was the proprietor of Mary's House, a clothes shop in Sliema, Malta, who was a witness in the prosecution of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi in relation to the Lockerbie Bombing.

According to evidence given at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial in 2000, Gauci sold clothing that was found among the wreckage, and determined by investigators to have been in the same suitcase as the improvised explosive device (IED) that brought the aircraft down. Gauci's account as a witness linked Libyan intelligence officer Abdelbaset al-Megrahi directly to the explosion, and was therefore important in the conviction of Megrahi on 31 January 2001. Gauci died on 29 October 2016, in Swieqi, Malta at the age of 72.

Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission
The Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission (SCCRC) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government, established by the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (as amended by the Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997).

The commission has the statutory power to refer cases dealt with on indictment (ie solemn procedure cases) to the High Court of Justiciary. This was extended to include summary cases by Statutory Instrument on 31 March 1999, immediately before the Commission took up its role in April 1999.

Though funded by the Scottish Government, investigations are carried out independently of Scottish Ministers, with the Commission being accountable to the Scottish Parliament on matters of finance and administration.
Álvaro Alcalá-Galiano y Osma
Álvaro Alcalá-Galiano y Osma (Madrid, 29 April 1886 – 28 July 1936) was a Spanish writer, literary critic, historian, and journalist, frequent contributor to newspaper ABC and magazine Acción Española. As a monarchist, he was influenced by Charles Maurras.  While he was pro-Allied during the First World War, his writings later extolled Italian fascism and spread anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and a strong anti-communism sentiment. He was a member of Spanish Renovation during the Second Republic and was executed at the beginning of the civil war in the Republican zone due to his support for the coup and his fascist ideology.

He held the title of marquis of Castel Bravo.

Spanish Renovation
Spanish Renovation (Spanish: Renovación Española, RE) was a Spanish monarchist political party active during the Second Spanish Republic that advocated the restoration of Alfonso XIII of Spain, as opposed to Carlism. Associated with the Acción Española think-tank, the party was led by Antonio Goicoechea and José Calvo Sotelo. In 1937, during the course of the Spanish Civil War, it formally disappeared after Francisco Franco's merger of the variety of far-right organizations in the rebel zone into a single party.
1970 Washington Star International
The 1970 Washington Star International was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. It was the second edition of the tournament and was part of the 1970 Grand Prix circuit and categorized as a Class 2 event. It was held  at the Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. from July 13 through July 19, 1970. Cliff Richey won the singles title and earned a $7,000 first prize.

Cliff Richey
George Clifford Richey Jr. (born December 31, 1946) is an American former amateur and professional tennis player who was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Richey achieved a highest singles ranking of World No. 6 and reached at least the quarterfinal stage of the singles event at all four Grand Slam tournaments.
Unnodu Ka
Unnodu Ka is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by RK and produced by Abirami Ramanathan. The film features stars Aari Arujunan and Maya in the leading roles, while Prabhu plays a supporting role. Featuring music composed by C. Sathya, the film began production in January 2016.

Prabhu (actor)
Prabhu Ganesan (born 27 December 1956), known professionally as Prabhu, is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He is the youngest son of veteran actor Sivaji Ganesan. Prabhu was one of the leading actors in Tamil cinema in the 80s and 90s. He is popularly known as Ilaya Thilagam. He has worked in more than 220 films in lead and supporting roles in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films.

After making his debut in Sangili (1982), Prabhu played various leading and supporting roles, earning the Best Actor award recognition by the Tamil Nadu State for his portrayal in Chinna Thambi (1991).