hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dunne D.1
The Dunne D.1, was an experimental tailless aircraft built in the UK in 1907. It comprised a main unit which could be flown as a glider, to which a chassis unit with power train could be added. The glider achieved a short flight in 1907. The D.1 was later rebuilt as the powered D.4, which achieved short hops in 1908.

Tailless aircraft
In aeronautics, a tailless aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft with no other horizontal aerodynamic surface besides its main wing. It may still have a fuselage, vertical tail fin (vertical stabilizer), and/or vertical rudder.

Theoretical advantages of the tailless configuration include low parasitic drag as on the Horten H.IV soaring glider and good stealth characteristics as on the Northrop B-2 Spirit bomber. Disadvantages include a potential sensitivity to trim.

Tailless aircraft have been flown since the pioneer days; the first stable aeroplane to fly was the tailless Dunne D.5, in 1910. The most successful tailless configuration has been the tailless delta, especially for combat aircraft, though the Concorde airliner is also a delta configuration.

NASA has used the 'tailless' description for the novel X-36 research aircraft which has a canard foreplane but no vertical fin.
Bowden, Scottish Borders
Bowden is a village in the Roxburghshire area of the Scottish Borders, situated 3 miles (5 kilometres) south of Melrose, 2 miles (3 kilometres) west of Newtown St Boswells and tucked in the shadow of the Eildon Hills, Scotland.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Complete communities
Complete communities is an urban and rural planning concept that aims to meet the basic needs of all residents in a community, regardless of income, culture, or political ideologies through integrated land use planning, transportation planning, and community design. While the concept is used by many communities as part of their community plan, each plan interprets what complete community means in their own way. The idea of the complete community has roots in early planning theory, beginning with The Garden City Movement, and is a component of contemporary planning methods including Smart Growth.

Garden city movement
The garden city movement was a 20th-century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City were built near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world.
Brent Moss
Brent A. Moss (January 30, 1972 – November 13, 2022) was an American professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) and XFL. He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers, winning the Big Ten Most Valuable Player and Jim Brown Trophy in 1993. He played for the St. Louis Rams, Amsterdam Admirals and the Memphis Maniax.

Chicago Tribune Silver Football
The Chicago Tribune Silver Football is awarded by the Chicago Tribune to the college football player determined to be the best player from the Big Ten Conference. The award has been presented annually since 1924, when Red Grange of Illinois was the award's first recipient. In 2022, the Chicago Tribune announced a new partnership with the Union League Club of Chicago, where it is currently housed.

A vote of Big Ten head football coaches determines the winner of the Silver Football. Each coach submits a two-player ballot with a first and second choice, and coaches cannot vote for players on their own team. The first-place vote receives two points and the second-place vote receives one point.

Coaches and media of the Big Ten also make annual selections for additional individual honors.
The Times (Trenton)
The Times, also known as The Times of Trenton and The Trenton Times, is a daily digital newspaper owned by Advance Publications that serves Trenton and the Mercer County, New Jersey area, with a strong focus on the government of New Jersey. It was ranked fifth in total circulation among newspapers in New Jersey (the paper had a daily circulation of 77,405, with a Sunday circulation of 88,336). It competes with the Trentonian, making it the smallest market in the United States with two competing daily newspapers.

Advance Publications
Advance Publications, Inc. is a privately held American media company owned by the families of Donald Newhouse and Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr., the sons of company founder Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr. It owns publishing-related companies including American City Business Journals, MLive Media Group, and Condé Nast, and is a major shareholder in Charter Communications (13% ownership), Reddit (30% ownership), and Warner Bros. Discovery (3.97% ownership).
Vickii Cornborough
Victoria Moreen Cornborough (born 3 March 1990) is an English rugby union player. She debuted for England in 2015. She was named in the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad for England. She was awarded a full-time contract with England in 2019 and plays for Harlequins Women at club level.

England women's national rugby union team
The England women's national rugby union team, commonly known as the Red Roses, represents England in women's international rugby union. They compete in the annual Women's Six Nations Championship with France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. England have won the championship on a total of 21 out of 30 occasions  – winning the Grand Slam 19 times and the Triple Crown 25 times – making them the most successful side in the tournament's history. They have won the Women's Rugby World Cup on three occasions (1994, 2014, and 2025), and have been runners-up on six other occasions. Their current permanent head coach, as of October 2023, is John Mitchell. They currently hold the longest ever winning streak in rugby, of 33 consecutive games as of the 2025 World Cup final.
Obaidul Hassan
Obaidul Hassan (born 11 January 1959) is a jurist who briefly served as the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. He was appointed as the chief justice on 12 September 2023 and served as 24th Chief justice of Bangladesh. He also served as the president of the 2022 Search Committee for the formation of Bangladesh Election Commission. He was forced to resign as Chief Justice in the aftermath of the July Revolution.

Supreme Court of Bangladesh
Supreme Court of Bangladesh (SCB) is the highest court of law in the country. It is composed of the High Court Division and the Appellate Division, and was established by Part VI, Chapter I (Article 94) of the Constitution of Bangladesh, adopted in 1972. This is also the office of the chief justice, Appellate Division judges, and High Court Division judges of Bangladesh. As of February 2026, the Appellate Division consists of 6 judges, while the High Court Division has 103 judges (77 are permanent and 26 are additional).
Prince Joachim of Prussia
Prince Joachim Franz Humbert of Prussia (17 December 1890 – 18 July 1920) was the youngest son and sixth child of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, by his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. He died by suicide at age 29. Prince Joachim was educated as an officer and participated in the First World War. During the war, he was considered a candidate for several newly established monarchies in Europe.

His great-grandson is Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, the heir apparent to Maria Vladimirovna, a claimant to the disputed Headship of the Imperial Family of Russia.

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (Russian: Мария Владимировна Романова, romanized: Mariya Vladimirovna Romanova; born 23 December 1953) has been a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov, the Imperial Family of Russia (who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of all the Russias from 1613 to 1917) since 1992. She is a great-great-granddaughter in the male line of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Although she has used Grand Duchess of Russia as her title of pretence with the style Imperial Highness throughout her life, her right to do so is disputed. Since her father's death on April 21, 1992, some of her monarchist supporters have referred to her as Maria I, titular "Empress of Russia", a title she does not claim herself.
Dissociative recombination
Dissociative recombination is a chemical process in which a positive polyatomic ion recombines with an electron, and as a result, the neutral molecule dissociates. This reaction is important for interstellar and atmospheric chemistry. On Earth, dissociative recombination rarely occurs naturally, as free electrons react with any molecule (even neutral molecules) they encounter. Even in the best laboratory conditions, dissociative recombination is hard to observe, but it is an important reaction in systems which have large populations of ionized molecules such as atmospheric-pressure plasmas.

In astrophysics, dissociative recombination is one of the main mechanisms by which molecules are broken down, and other molecules are formed. The existence of dissociative recombination is possible due to the vacuum of the interstellar medium. A typical example of dissociative recombination in astrophysics is:

CH+3 + e−  →  CH2 + H

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Neyamatpur
Neyamatpur is a village in Gaya district of Bihar, India. The village was a bastion of the Indian National Congress and Kisan Andolan during the British period. "Pandit" Yadunandan Sharma, at the instruction of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati established an ashram here in 1933.

Gaya district
Gaya district is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of Bihar. It was officially established on 3 October 1865. The district has a common boundary with the state of Jharkhand to the south. Gaya city is both the district headquarters and the second-largest city in Bihar.
Jason Talbot
Jason Christopher Talbot (born 30 September 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left back.

He started his senior career with Bolton Wanderers in 2003, after loans to Derby County and Mansfield Town he joined Mansfield permanently in 2005. The next year he signed with Port Vale following a loan period. After two years at Vale, he tried his luck in Scotland, signing with Livingston. He helped the club to the Third Division and Second Division titles in successive seasons. He signed with Dunfermline Athletic in June 2015 and helped the club to win the Scottish League One title in 2015–16. He joined Cowdenbeath in July 2018.

Scottish League One
The Scottish League One, known as William Hill League One for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, the league competition for men's professional football clubs in Scotland. The Scottish League One was established in July 2013, after the Scottish Professional Football League was formed by a merger of the Scottish Premier League and Scottish Football League.
Bipin Adhikari
Bipin Adhikari is a Nepalese constitutional law expert and a professor of law at Kathmandu University School of Law. Adhikari has written and edited various articles and books on constitutional law, human rights, and the rule of law. Adhikari is also recognized as a public intellectual.

Kathmandu University
Kathmandu University (KU) (Nepali: काठमाण्डौ विश्वविद्यालय) is an autonomous university in Nepal. It is the third oldest university in Nepal, located in Dhulikhel of Kavrepalanchok District, about 30 km (19 mi) east of Kathmandu. It was established in 1991 with the motto "Quality Education for Leadership." KU operates through its seven schools, and campuses in Dhulikhel, Lalitpur and Panchkhal. The university offers undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate courses in a variety of fields.
Steel baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Steel, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.

The Steel Baronetcy, of Murieston in Midcalder, Midlothian, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 6 July 1903 for James Steel, Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1900 to 1903. The title became extinct on his death in 1904.

The Steel, later Strang-Steel Baronetcy, of Philiphaugh in the County of Selkirk, was created in the baronetage of the United Kingdom on 2 July 1938 for Samuel Strang Steel, conservative member of parliament for Ashford from 1918 to 1929 and Lord-Lieutenant of Selkirkshire from 1948 to 1958. The second baronet was a deputy lieutenant of Selkirkshire. The third baronet assumed the additional surname of Strang.

Samuel Strang Steel
Sir Samuel Barber Strang Steel of Philiphaugh, 1st Baronet, Territorial Decoration (1 August 1882 – 14 August 1961) was a landowner and Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Ashford from 1918 to 1929.
Ground truth
Ground truth is information that is known to be real or true, provided by direct observation and measurement (i.e. empirical evidence) as opposed to information provided by inference. The term ground truth appeared in remote sensing literature as early as 1972, when NASA described it as essential "data about ... materials on the earth's surface" used to calibrate measurements. It was later adopted by the  statistical modeling and machine learning communities.

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).
Troubled Times
Troubled Times is the fifth album by the English band Cast, released digitally on 2 November 2011. It is the first album they recorded since reuniting in 2010 for shows celebrating the 15th anniversary of their debut, All Change. It is also the last album recorded with founding bassist Pete Wilkinson, who left the band in 2014.

Peter Wilkinson (bass guitarist)
Leslie Peter Wilkinson (born 9 May 1969 in Liverpool) is an English bass player and singer-songwriter, formerly of Shack, Cast, and Echo & the Bunnymen. Additionally, he is the co-owner of AV8 Records ltd (with Nick Graff).

He is currently concentrating on his Aviator project and has performed with Shack.
Maria Piątkowska
Maria Piątkowska (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmarja pjɔntˈkɔfska]; previously Chojnacka, née Ilwicka; 24 February 1931 – 19 December 2020) was a Polish sprinter, hurdler, and long jumper.

She won the 4 × 100 m relay event at the 1962 European Athletics Championships, and came third in two other European Athletics Championships events. She was Polish national champion in long jump, pentathlon, and the 80 metres running event.

1962 European Athletics Championships
The 7th European Athletics Championships were held from 12–16 September 1962 in the JNA Stadium in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (present-day Serbia).  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald. Just before the meet, the IAAF council approved the use of glass fibre poles for pole vaulting.  As a consequence, competitors were able to use them during the meet if they wished.
Diogo Freitas do Amaral
Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral (European Portuguese pronunciation: [diˈoɣu ˈfɾɐjtɐʒ ðu ɐmɐˈɾal]; 21 July 1941 – 3 October 2019) was a Portuguese politician and law professor. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 10 January 1980 to 12 January 1981 and from 12 March 2005 to 3 July 2006. He also served briefly as Prime Minister in an interim capacity in the early 1980s, after the death of Francisco de Sá Carneiro.

Minister of Foreign Affairs (Portugal)
The Minister of State and Foreign Affairs of Portugal is in charge of conducting the foreign policy established by the Portuguese government, representing the country in many international meetings. The current minister is Paulo Rangel.

The following is a list of office holders since 1936:
Melike Öztürk
Melike Öztürk (born 1 April 2001) is a Turkish women's football forward, who plays in the First League for Galatasaray with jersey number 71. She was a member of the  girls' national U-17 and women's U-19 teams before she was admitted to the Turkey women's team.

Turkey women's national under-19 football team
The Turkey women's national under-19 football team (Turkish: Türkiye 19 Yaş Altı Kadın Millî Futbol Takımı) is the national under-19 football team of Turkey and is governed by the Turkish Football Federation.
Cannonball's Sharpshooters
Cannonball's Sharpshooters is the seventh album by jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, and his second released on the EmArcy label, featuring performances with Nat Adderley, Junior Mance, Sam Jones, and Jimmy Cobb.

Cannonball Adderley
Julian Edwin "Cannonball" Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was an American jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s.

Adderley is perhaps best remembered by the general public for the 1966 soul jazz single "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy", which was written for him by his keyboardist Joe Zawinul and became a major crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts. A cover version by the Buckinghams, who added lyrics, also reached No. 5 on the charts. Adderley worked with Miles Davis, first as a member of the Davis sextet, appearing on the seminal records Milestones (1958) and Kind of Blue (1959), and then on his own 1958 album Somethin' Else. He was the elder brother of jazz trumpeter Nat Adderley, who was a longtime member of his band.
Kenny Saief
Kenneth Hasan "Kenny" Saief (Arabic: كينيث حسن "كيني" سيف, Hebrew: קנת' חסן "קני" סייף; born (1993-12-17)December 17, 1993) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a left midfielder for Israeli Premier League club Maccabi Haifa. He played for Israel internationally at both youth and senior levels, before switching allegiance to the United States.

Israel national football team
The Israel national football team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בכדורגל, romanized: Nivḥeret Yīsrāʾēl BeḴaduregel) represents Israel in men's international football, and is governed by the Israel Football Association. They have been members of the European Confederation UEFA since 1994.

Israel qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first and to date, only time, in 1970. They also won the 1964 AFC Asian Cup, before a forced relocation to UEFA.
Arcadio Larraona Saralegui
Arcadio María Larraona Saralegui, C.M.F. (13 November 1887 – 7 May 1973) was a Spanish cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites from 1962 to 1968, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1959.

Claretians
The Claretians, officially named the Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Congregatio Missionariorum Filiorum Immaculati Cordis Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated CMF), is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men headquartered in Rome. It was founded on July 16, 1849, by Fr. Antonio María Claret y Clará, C.M.F. They are active as  missionaries worldwide, in 70 countries on five continents. The number of Claretian priests and brothers is at more than 3,000. The Congregation has a particular devotion to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and members have published extensively in Mariology.
Anna Werblińska
Anna Werblińska (née Barańska, born 14 May 1984) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team in 2006–2016, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, a bronze medalist of European Championship 2009, and four-time Polish Champion (2007, 2010, 2014, 2015).

2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. The cities that hosted matches were Bydgoszcz, Łódź, Katowice and Wrocław in Poland, from 25 September to 4 October 2009.
Saurornitholestes
Saurornitholestes ("lizard-bird thief") is a genus of carnivorous dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the late Cretaceous of Canada (Alberta and Saskatchewan) and the United States (Montana, New Mexico, Alabama, and South Carolina). Two species have been named that are regarded as valid: Saurornitholestes langstoni in 1978 and Saurornitholestes sullivani in 2015. Saurornitholestes was a small, bipedal, meat-eating dinosaur, equipped with a sickle-like claw on each foot.

Saurornitholestes robustus, a species named in 2006, was regarded as a dubious troodontid in 2014 and tentatively assigned to the genus Xenovenator in 2026.

Troodontidae
Troodontidae /troʊ.əˈdɒntɪdiː/ is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and incomplete and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinosaurian lineages. More recent fossil discoveries of complete and articulated specimens (including specimens which preserve feathers, eggs, embryos, and complete juveniles), have helped to increase understanding about this group. Anatomical studies, particularly studies of the most primitive troodontids, like Sinovenator, demonstrate striking anatomical similarities with Archaeopteryx and primitive dromaeosaurids, and demonstrate that they are relatives comprising a clade called Paraves.