hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Black (pharmacologist)
Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist. Together with Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings, he shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for pioneering strategies for rational drug-design, which, in his case, led to the development of propranolol and cimetidine.  Black established a Veterinary Physiology department at the University of Glasgow, where he became interested in the effects of adrenaline on the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958 and, while there, developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. Black was also responsible for the development of cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, a drug used to treat stomach ulcers.

Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and alternatively spelled adrenalin, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms. It has also been isolated from the plant Scoparia dulcis found in Northern Vietnam.
Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta
Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta ("the perfect divine nature") often referred to simply as Pura Parahyangan is a Hindu temple of Nusantara located in Ciapus village, Tamansari subdistrict, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia.

The temple complex is a sacred place of worship, serving as a Pura Kahyangan Jagad, a type of pura located in a mountainous region, for Hindu Dharma devotees in the Greater Jakarta area. It is also considered a sacred place to honor the hyang (deified ancestral spirits) identified as King Siliwangi of Pakuan Pajajaran kingdom, an ancient Hindu kingdom that once stood in the Parahyangan area.

Parahyangan
The Parahyangan (Dutch: Preanger) or Priangan (Sundanese script: ᮕᮛᮂᮚᮍᮔ᮪) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one-sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon, and Indramayu (former residencies of Batavia and Cheribon), to the east by Central Java province (former residencies of Banyumas and Pekalongan), and to the south by the Indian Ocean.
Paul E. Vallely
Paul E. Vallely (born November 29, 1939) is a retired United States Army major general and former senior military analyst for Fox News.

Vallely served in the Vietnam War and retired in 1991 as deputy commanding general, United States Army Pacific. In 1980, Vallely co-authored the book Mind War with Michael Aquino. In 2004, together with retired Air Force lieutenant general Thomas McInerney, he co-authored the book Endgame: The Blueprint for Victory in the War on Terror, published by Regnery Publishing, which borrows, philosophically from Mind War.

He has served as military committee chairman for the Center for Security Policy, and runs the conservative political organization Stand Up America US. Vallely was part of the leadership of Charlie Kirk's Turning Point USA, seated on the advisory board.

Center for Security Policy
The Center for Security Policy (CSP) is a US far-right, anti-Muslim, Washington, D.C.–based think tank. The founder and former president of the organization is Frank J. Gaffney Jr., who now serves as the group's executive chairman. The current president since January 1, 2023, is Tommy Waller, a former US Marine. CSP sometimes operates under its DBA name Secure Freedom. The organization also operates a public counter-jihad campaign and the website counterjihad.com.
Alice Springs Public Library
The Alice Springs Public Library is a public library service in the Northern Territory. The library provides traditional library services to the community of Alice Springs (Mparntwe) and is an essential part of the Central Australian community and receives more than 120,000 visitors every year.

While officially named the 'Nevil Shute Memorial Library', the name is little used.

Arrernte language
Arrernte or Aranda (/ˈʌrəndə/; Eastern Arrernte pronunciation: [aɾəⁿɖə]), or sometimes referred to as Upper Arrernte (Upper Aranda), is a dialect cluster in the Arandic language group spoken in parts of the Northern Territory, Australia, by the Arrernte people. Other spelling variations are Arunta or Arrarnta, and all of the dialects have multiple other names.

There are about 1,800 speakers of Eastern/Central Arrernte, making this dialect one of the widest spoken of any Indigenous language in Australia, the one usually referred to as Arrernte and the one described in detail below. It is spoken in the Alice Springs area and taught in schools and universities, heard in media and used in local government.

The second biggest dialect in the group is Alyawarre. Some of the other dialects are spoken by very few people, leading to efforts to revive their usage; others are now completely extinct.
Dylan Mackin
Dylan Mackin (born 15 January 1997) is a Scottish retired footballer who last played as a striker for West of Scotland Football League side Kilwinning Rangers.

He has previously played for Falkirk, Motherwell, Livingston, and on loan for Airdrieonians, Alloa Athletic, Stirling Albion and Brechin City.

Kilwinning Rangers F.C.
Kilwinning Rangers Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Kilwinning, Ayrshire.  Formed in 1899, the club competes in the West of Scotland Football League, and are eligible to participate in the Scottish Cup. Nicknamed The Buffs, they play in blue and white hoops. Home matches are played at Buffs Park, within Kilwinning Sports Club, where the club moved prior to the 2019–20 season having spent 90 years at Abbey Park.
Monogenic system
In classical mechanics, a physical system is termed a monogenic system if the force acting on the system can be modelled in a particular, especially convenient mathematical form. The systems that are typically studied in physics are monogenic. The term was introduced by Cornelius Lanczos in his book The Variational Principles of Mechanics (1970).

In Lagrangian mechanics, the property of being monogenic is a necessary condition for certain different formulations to be mathematically equivalent. If a physical system is both a holonomic system and a monogenic system, then it is possible to derive Lagrange's equations from d'Alembert's principle; it is also possible to derive Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's principle.

D'Alembert's principle
D'Alembert's principle, also known as the Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, is a statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion. It is named after its discoverer, the French physicist and mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Italian-French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. D'Alembert's principle generalizes the principle of virtual work from static to dynamical systems by introducing forces of inertia which, when added to the applied forces in a system, result in dynamic equilibrium.

D'Alembert's principle can be applied in cases of kinematic constraints that depend on velocities.: 92  The principle does not apply for irreversible displacements, such as sliding friction, and more general specification of the irreversibility is required.
Pacific Media Expo
The Pacific Media Expo (PMX) is an annual three day multi-genre convention held during October/November at the Sheraton Los Angeles San Gabriel in San Gabriel, California. PMX was created in 2003 by Mike Tatsugawa, founder of Anime Expo. Pacific Media Association, the parent of Pacific Media Expo is based in Los Angeles, California.

Anime Expo
Anime Expo, abbreviated AX, is an American anime convention held in Los Angeles, California, and organized by the non-profit Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation (SPJA). The convention is traditionally held annually on the first weekend of July, spanning the course of four days. Anime Expo is regularly hosted at the Los Angeles Convention Center but has also been held in other cities such as Anaheim, San Jose, New York, and Tokyo.

Anime Expo has events and activities during the convention for attendees to take part in such as guest panels, tabletop gaming, competitions, an arcade, and concerts.
Equaflight
Equaflight (also known as Equaflight Services) is an airline based in Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo, operating scheduled and chartered flights (passenger as well as cargo) out of its base at Pointe Noire Airport. The company was founded in 1998. Along with all airlines registered in the Republic of the Congo, Equaflight is banned from entering the European Union since 2009. It is a subsidiary of Regourd Aviation.

Pointe-Noire
Pointe-Noire (French pronunciation: [pwɛ̃t.nwaʁ]; Kongo: Njinji, French: Ndjindji with the letter d following French spelling standards) is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo (behind the capital of Brazzaville), with a population of 1,420,612 inhabitants in 2023. It is also an autonomous department and a commune since the 2002 constitution; before this date it was the capital of the Kouilou region (now a separate department). It is situated on a headland between Pointe-Noire Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pointe-Noire is the main economic centre of the country.
John P. Madgett Generating Station
John P. Madgett Station is a base load, coal fired, electrical power station located in Alma, Wisconsin in Buffalo County. Owned by Dairyland Power Cooperative, the John P. Madgett Station and Alma Station are part of its "Alma site".

Alma Station (power station)
Alma Station was a baseload coal power station in Alma, Wisconsin. The plant was built and operated by Dairyland Power Cooperative. Upon the completion of the plant's construction in 1947, it was the largest cooperatively owned power station in the world. Alma Station was decommissioned in 2014.
Scenes of the Crime
Scenes of the Crime is a 2001 film directed by Dominique Forma and written by Daniel Golka, Amit Mehta, and Forma. It stars Jon Abrahams, Jeff Bridges, Noah Wyle, R. Lee Ermey, Peter Greene, Mädchen Amick, Morris Chestnut, Bob Gunton, and Brian Goodman.

The film had its world premiere at the Deauville American Film Festival on September 8, 2001, and was released in the United States on DVD on September 30, 2003. It was met with mixed opinions and moderate, but ultimately positive reviews.

Jon Abrahams
Jon Avery Abrahams (born October 29, 1977) is an American actor and film director. He is best known for his roles in several films such as Sonny Poncelet in Dead Man Walking (1995), Bobby Prinze in Scary Movie, Denny Byrnes in Meet the Parents (both 2000), and Dalton Chapman in House of Wax (2005).
Drosera nidiformis
Drosera nidiformis is a tropical African sundew. This plant is indigenous to KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Its classification is ambiguous; some sources refer to it as a synonym of Drosera dielsiana whereas others treat it as a separate species.  This plant was previously known as Drosera "maglisburg".

Drosera dielsiana
Drosera dielsiana is a compact rosetted sundew native to South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State, the Northern Provinces), Eswatini (Swaziland), Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. It was described as a new species by Arthur Wallis Exell and Jack Rodney Laundon in 1956. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=40. It was named in honor of Ludwig Diels, the author of the 1906 monograph on the Droseraceae.
Japan 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup bid
The Japan bid for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup was a bid to host the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup by Japan Football Association (JFA). The single bid was announced on 12 December 2019. The bid entailed 8 venues in 8 host cities, with a final to have been played in Tokyo at the New National Stadium. The bid was withdrawn on 22 June 2020, with the JFA indicating support for the Australia-New Zealand bid.

Japan Football Association
The Japan Football Association (JFA, Japanese: 日本サッカー協会, romanized: Nihon Sakkā Kyōkai) is the governing body responsible for the administration of football, futsal, beach soccer and efootball in Japan. It is responsible for the national team, as well as club competitions.
Viktor Mednov
Viktor Ivanovich Mednov (Russian: Виктор Иванович Меднов, 27 November 1927 – 22 June 2009) was a Russian boxer from the Soviet Union who won a silver medal in the light welterweight division at the 1952 Olympics. He had a difficult second bout with Francisc Ambrus of Romania, with Mednov prevailing when the referee stopped the bout due to bad cuts sustained by both opponents. Mednov had a break in the semifinal, as Erkki Mallenius withdrew with a hand injury. In the final he was defeated by Chuck Adkins in a 2–1 decision. This was the first boxing match between boxers from the United States and the Soviet Union.

Mednov was known for his strength and power – he could hold the Azaryan Cross on gymnastic rings and punched the bags in training so viciously that his hands were bleeding despite ample protection (elastic bandages and full-size competition gloves). In retirement he worked as a boxing coach for his sports society Trudovye Rezervy and painted landscapes as a hobby.

Ferencz Ambruş
Ferencz Ambruş (born 2 March 1930, date of death unknown) was a Romanian light-welterweight boxer. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics, but was eliminated in the second bout. He won two Romanian National Amateur Boxing Championship at the light-welterweight division in 1948 and 1949.
History monoid
In mathematics and computer science, a history monoid is a way of representing the histories of concurrently running computer processes as a collection of strings, each string representing the individual history of a process. The history monoid provides a set of synchronization primitives (such as locks, mutexes or thread joins) for providing rendezvous points between a set of independently executing processes or threads.

History monoids occur in the theory of concurrent computation, and provide a low-level mathematical foundation for process calculi, such as CSP the language of communicating sequential processes, or CCS, the calculus of communicating systems. History monoids were first presented by M.W. Shields.

History monoids are isomorphic to trace monoids (free partially commutative monoids) and to the monoid of dependency graphs. As such, they are free objects and are universal. The history monoid is a type of semi-abelian categorical product in the category of monoids.

Lock (computer science)
In computer science, a lock or mutex (from mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that prevents state from being modified or accessed by multiple threads of execution at once. Locks enforce mutual exclusion concurrency control policies, and with a variety of possible methods there exist multiple unique implementations for different applications.
Mackay Treaty
The Mackay Treaty (Chinese: 中英續議通商行船條約) was a sixteen article treaty signed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Chinese Qing dynasty on 5 September 1902. Under the terms of the treaty, the likin system of taxation was abolished and the first moves made to abolish extraterritoriality for foreign nationals.

Likin (taxation)
The likin or lijin or lekin or liken was a form of domestic customs tax in the Chinese Empire and Republic, which was first introduced as a means of financing the largely locally recruited armies to suppress the Taiping Rebellion.
Ksenia Smetanenko
Ksenia Smetanenko, married name: Gonchar (Russian: Ксения Гончар (Сметаненко), born 26 March 1979) is a former ice dancer who competed internationally for Russia and Armenia. With Samuel Gezalian, she is the 1997 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics for Armenia. Earlier in her career, she competed for Russia with Igor Lukanin.

Golden Spin of Zagreb
The Golden Spin of Zagreb (Croatian: Zlatna pirueta Zagreba) is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Croatian Skating Federation (Croatian: Hrvatski klizački savez) at the Klizalište Velesajam in Zagreb, Croatia. The competition debuted in 1967 when Zagreb was part of Yugoslavia. It was suspended in 1991 owing to the Croatian War of Independence, but continued as a Croatian event beginning in 1992. When the ISU launched the Challenger Series in 2014, the Golden Spin of Zagreb was one of the inaugural competitions. It has been a Challenger Series event ever since, except for 2020, when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; and when the event is part of the Challenger Series, skaters earn World Standing points based on their results.
Lajos Balogh (scientist)
Lajos Peter Balogh (born January 15, 1950, Hungary), mainly referred to as Lou Balogh, is a Hungarian-American scientist known for his research on polymers, dendrimer nanocomposites, and nanomedicine. Balogh is the editor-in-chief of Precision Nanomedicine (PRNANO). Based on his career-long citation numbers, he belongs to the World's Top 2% Scientists.

Dendrimer
Dendrimers are highly ordered, branched polymeric molecules. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. Typically, dendrimers are symmetric about the core, and often adopt a spherical three-dimensional morphology. The word dendron is also encountered frequently. A dendron usually contains a single chemically addressable group called the focal point or core. The difference between dendrons and dendrimers is illustrated in the top figure, but the terms are typically encountered interchangeably.

The first dendrimers were made by divergent synthesis approaches by Fritz Vögtle in 1978, R.G. Denkewalter at Allied Corporation in 1981, Donald Tomalia at Dow Chemical in 1983 and in 1985, and by George R. Newkome in 1985. In 1990 a convergent synthetic approach was introduced by Craig Hawker and Jean Fréchet. Dendrimer popularity then greatly increased, resulting in more than 5,000 scientific papers and patents by the year 2005.
Spending My Time
"Spending My Time" is a song by Swedish duo Roxette, released in October 1991, by EMI Records, as the fourth single from their third studio album, Joyride (1991). It was written by Per Gessle and Mats Persson, and produced by Clarence Öfwerman. The single attained moderate success, reaching the top 10 in Germany, Canada and Italy, and the top 20 in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland, while peaking at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart and 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. The accompanying music video was directed by Wayne Isham.

A remix was created by M.C. King Carli and Dr. Renault (pseudonyms used by Öfwerman & Anders) at EMI Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, in July 1991, and was included on the single. A Spanish version of the song, titled "Un Día Sin Ti" ("A Day Without You"), was released in 1996 as the lead single from the duo's Spanish-language compilation album Baladas en Español.

Clarence Öfwerman
Clarence Öfwerman (born 22 November 1957) is a Swedish record producer and musician, best known as the longtime producer of Roxette, having been with the band from their debut album, Pearls of Passion, in 1986, through to 2016's Good Karma, their last studio album. He coproduced Pop-Up Dynamo!, an album issued in 2022 by Per Gessle under the name PG Roxette. He is the older brother of former Roxette percussionist, keyboardist, and backing vocalist Staffan Öfwerman. He also joined Gessle and Roxette as a live musician on various tours, including the 2009 Night of the Proms series in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany, as well as a mini European tour in 2010.
Jack Devine (ice hockey, born 2003)
Jack Devine (born October 1, 2003) is an American ice hockey right wing for the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 221st overall by the Panthers in the 2022 NHL entry draft. He played college ice hockey at Denver.

Charlotte Checkers
The Charlotte Checkers are a professional ice hockey team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the American Hockey League (AHL), and are the top minor league affiliate of the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Checkers play their home games at Bojangles' Coliseum.

The current organization is the third team by this name; it succeeded a Checkers franchise that played in the ECHL from 1993 until the end of the 2009–10 ECHL season. The original Checkers team played in the city from 1956 to 1977, originally in the Eastern Hockey League and then in the Southern Hockey League. The franchise is one of six teams to replace and share a name with a predecessor franchise from a lower-tier league; the others are the Bakersfield Condors, Colorado Eagles, Ontario Reign, Rockford IceHogs, and San Diego Gulls.
The Glee Project
The Glee Project is an American reality television series from Oxygen. It served as an audition for the Fox musical comedy series Glee, and the prize for the winner was a minimum seven-episode arc in the following season of the show. The show's first season premiered in the US on June 12, 2011, and concluded on August 21, 2011. In Canada, the series began airing on Slice on June 26, 2011, and in the UK, the series began airing on Sky 1 on July 14, 2011. A second season aired in the US from June 5 to August 14, 2012. In July 2013, the series was cancelled after two seasons.

Glee executive producers Ryan Murphy and Dante Di Loreto executive produced for The Glee Project. Glee's casting director, Robert J. Ulrich, was casting director for the project, while Glee's on-screen non-speaking accompanist, Brad Ellis, helping Ulrich coach 80 potential candidates as seen in the music segment of "The Top 12" special that led into the pilot episode of season 1.

Slice (TV channel)
Slice is a Canadian English language specialty channel owned by Corus Entertainment. The channel primarily broadcasts programming targeting young adult women, including comedy, reality, lifestyle, and true crime programming.

It was launched on January 1, 1995, as Life Network under the ownership of Atlantis Communications. Atlantis was acquired by Alliance Communications in 1998 and Life Network was relaunched as Slice on March 5, 2007. In 2008, Canwest and Goldman Sachs acquired Alliance Atlantis, and the channel's ownership was later sold to Shaw Media in 2010, and ultimately, Corus in April 2016.
Everyone Knows Every Juan
Everyone Knows Every Juan is a 2025 Philippine dark comedy drama film directed by Alessandra de Rossi. The screenplay was written by Carlo Enciso Catu. The cast includes De Rossi, Edu Manzano, Gina Alajar, Joel Torre, Ruby Ruiz, Ronnie Lazaro, and JM de Guzman. The plot focuses on a family reunion held one year after the mother's death.

The filmmakers shot the movie using a single continuous take technique. It was released in Philippine cinemas on October 22, 2025.

Joel Torre
José Rizalino "Joel" de León Torre (Tagalog: [hoˈse ɾisaˈlino de leˈon ˈtoɾe]; born June 19, 1961) is a Filipino actor. He began performing on stage at age seven and rose to fame in the 1980s for his roles in period and historical drama, including Oro, Plata, Mata (1982), Karnal (1983), and José Rizal (1998). His accolades include a Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival Award, three Gawad Urian, and a FAMAS Award.