hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 is a law in the United Kingdom criminalising possession of what it refers to as "extreme pornographic images". The law came into force on 26 January 2009. The legislation was brought in following the murder of Jane Longhurst by a man who was said at the time of his trial to have had "extreme pornography" in his possession at the time of the death. The law has been more widely used than originally predicted, raising concerns as to whether the legislation is being used for prosecutions beyond the scope originally envisaged by parliament.

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
The Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which makes significant changes in many areas of the criminal justice system in England and Wales and, to a lesser extent, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In particular, it changes the law relating to custodial sentences and the early release of prisoners to reduce prison overcrowding, which reached crisis levels in 2008. It also reduces the right of prison officers to take industrial action, and changed the law on the deportation of foreign criminals. It received royal assent on 8 May 2008, but most of its provisions came into force on various later dates. Many sections came into force on 14 July 2008.
Metropolitan City of Florence
The Metropolitan City of Florence (Italian: città metropolitana di Firenze) is an administrative division called metropolitan city in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Florence. It replaced the province of Florence. It was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.

Metropolitan cities of Italy
The 15 metropolitan cities of Italy (Italian: città metropolitane d'Italia) are administrative divisions of Italy, operative since 2015, which are a special type of province. The metropolitan city, as defined by law, includes a large core city and the surrounding suburbs and countryside closely related to it by economic activities and essential public services, as well as to cultural relations and to territorial features.
Alastair Lamb
Alastair Lamb FRAS FSA (1930–2023) was a British diplomatic historian who authored several books on the Sino-Indian border dispute and the Indo-Pakistani dispute over Kashmir. He also worked in archaeology and ethnography in Asia and Africa.

Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as the Royal Asiatic Society, was established, according to its royal charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia."  From its incorporation the society has been a forum, through lectures, its journal, and other publications, for scholarship relating to Asian culture and society of the highest level.  It is the United Kingdom's senior learned society in the field of Asian studies. Fellows of the society are elected regularly and include highly accomplished and notable scholars of Asian studies; they use the post-nominal letters FRAS.
Eiskalt (song)
"Eiskalt" (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪskalt] ⓘ; transl. "(Ice)cold") is a song by Kosovar rapper Loredana featuring Kosovo-Albanian rapper Mozzik, released as the third single from the former's debut studio album, King Lori (2019). The song was written by the aforementioned rappers, and composed and produced by German producers Macloud and Miksu.

Commercially, "Eiskalt" experienced success reaching the top ten in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, and the top forty in Albania. Due to high sales, the song was certified gold in Austria and Germany by the Verband der Österreichischen Musikwirtschaft and Bundesverband Musikindustrie, respectively.

"Eiskalt" was musically described as a split between hip-hop, trap and pop incorporating Balkan elements.
An official music video was uploaded on 1 August 2019 onto YouTube to accompany the single's release. The colorful video features Loredana and Mozzik performing to the song in a multitude of different colored scenes.

Top Channel
Top Channel (often abbreviated as TCH) is a national commercial television network based in Tirana, Albania, founded by Dritan Hoxha in 2001. It is part of the Top Media Group, one of the largest media conglomerates in Albania, which includes Top Albania Radio, Top Gold Radio, My Music Radio, daily newspaper Shqip, daily magazine Shqip Magazine, coffee producer Lori Caffe, Digitalb, Top News, VGA Studio, musicAL, Dritan Hoxha Media Foundation Imperial Cinemas and Top Channel Films.
United We Fall (TV series)
United We Fall is an American television sitcom, created by Julius Sharpe, that aired from July 15 to August 26, 2020 on ABC. It starred Will Sasso and Christina Vidal Mitchell as a couple with young children whose household is turned upside down when his mother (Jane Curtin) moves in with them. In September 2020, the series was canceled after one season.

Christina Vidal
Christina Vidal Mitchell is an American actress and singer. On television, she is known for starring in the sitcoms Nick Freno: Licensed Teacher (1997–1998), Taina (2001–2002), and Primo (2023). Her film appearances include the comedy Life with Mikey (1993), the sports drama Brink! (1998), the fantasy comedies Freaky Friday (2003) and Freakier Friday (2025), and the slasher See No Evil (2006).
2006 Philippine Mount Everest expedition
The 2006 Philippine Mount Everest expedition is a Filipino mountaineering expedition that made a successful attempt to reach the summit of Mount Everest via the traditional southeast ridge route in May 2006 during the spring climbing season in the Himalayas. It was the first national expedition organized by the Philippines to reach the summit of world's highest mountain.

One of the expedition members, Leo Oracion, became the first Filipino to reach the summit of Mount Everest and put the Philippine flag on top of the mountain on May 17, 2006, at 3:30 p.m. Nepal time. His fellow expedition member, Erwin "Pastour" Emata, became the second Filipino to reach the summit the following day, May 18, 2006.

Erwin Emata
Erwin "Pastor" Emata OL (born ca. 1973/1974 in Makilala, North Cotabato) is a mountaineer and a runner from the Philippines. In 2006, he became the second Filipino to climb Mount Everest. His achievement was recognized by then Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo when she conferred Emata with the Order of Lakandula with the special class of Champion for Life.
Victoria Ilina
Victoria Valeryevna Ilina (Russian: Виктория Валерьевна Ильина; born March 28, 1999, in Saransk, Russia) is a Russian Group rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2014 Youth Olympic Group all-around champion and the 2013 European Junior Group all-around champion.

2014 Summer Youth Olympics
The 2014 Summer Youth Olympics (Chinese: 2014年夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Èr líng yī sì Nián Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), officially known as the II Summer Youth Olympic Games Chinese: 第二届夏季青年奧林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì'èrjiè Xiàjì Qīngnián Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì, and commonly known as Nanjing 2014 (Chinese: 南京2014; pinyin: Nánjīng Èr Líng yī sì), were the second Summer Youth Olympic Games, an international sports, education and cultural festival for teenagers, held from 16 to 28 August 2014 in Nanjing, China. These were the first Youth Olympic Games held in China, making it the first country to host both regular and Youth Olympics following the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and the first Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Oleh Lysheha
Oleh Lysheha (Ukrainian: Олег Лишега; 30 October 1949 – 17 December 2014) was a Ukrainian poet, playwright, translator and intellectual.  Lysheha entered Lviv University in 1968, where during his last year, he was expelled for his participation in an "unofficial" literary circle, Lviv Bohema.  As punishment, Lysheha was drafted into the Soviet army and internally exiled.  During the period 1972-1988, he was banned from official publication, but in 1989 his first book Great Bridge (Velykyi Mist) was published.   For "The Selected Poems of Oleh Lysheha," Lysheha and his co-translator James Brasfield from Penn State University, received the 2000 PEN Award for Poetry in Translation published by the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.  Lysheha is the first Ukrainian poet to receive the PEN award.

University of Lviv
The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (named after Ivan Franko, Ukrainian: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, romanized: Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a state-sponsored university in Lviv, Ukraine. Since 1940 the university is named after Ukrainian poet Ivan Franko.

The university is the oldest institution of higher learning in continuous operation in present-day Ukraine, dating from 1661 when John II Casimir, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part of Europe. The present institution can be dated to 1940.
Hereditary monarchy
A hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a ruling family to another member of the same family. A series of rulers from the same family would constitute a dynasty. It is historically the most common type of monarchy and remains the dominant form in extant monarchies.

In most extant hereditary monarchies, the typical order of succession uses some form of primogeniture, but there exist other methods such as seniority and tanistry (in which an heir-apparent is nominated from among qualified candidates). Research shows that hereditary regimes, in particular primogeniture, are more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements.

Agnatic seniority
Grey: incumbent

Square: male

Black: deceased

Diagonal: cannot be displaced

Agnatic seniority is a patrilineal principle of inheritance where the order of succession to the throne prefers the monarch's younger brother over the monarch's own sons. A monarch's children (the next generation) succeed only after the males of the elder generation have all been exhausted. Agnatic seniority excludes females of the dynasty and their descendants from the succession. Contrast agnatic primogeniture, where the king's sons stand higher in succession than his brothers.
Anthony H. Williams
Anthony Hardy Williams (born February 28, 1957) is an American politician, former businessman, and Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 8th District since 1998. Prior to entering public service, he worked at PepsiCo as a mid-level executive and later owned a small vending company.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Kirchhoff's diffraction formula
Kirchhoff's diffraction formula (also called Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula) approximates  light intensity and phase in optical diffraction: light fields in the boundary regions of shadows. The approximation
can be used to model light propagation in a wide range of configurations, either analytically or using numerical modelling. It gives an expression for the wave disturbance when a monochromatic spherical wave is the incoming wave of a situation under consideration. This formula is derived by applying the Kirchhoff integral theorem, which uses the Green's second identity to derive the solution to the homogeneous scalar wave equation, to a spherical wave with some approximations.

The Huygens–Fresnel principle is derived by the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula.

Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

This article focuses on waves in classical physics. Quantum physics uses an operator-based wave equation often as a relativistic wave equation.
WA93 experiment
WA93 experiment (Synonym: Light Universal Detector or LUD) was a detector experiment conducted at CERN for studying the correlations between photons and charged particles.  It was an experimental program of CERN and part of the research programme SPS. The experiment was majorly conducted by the Indian High-Energy Heavy Ion Physics Team at CERN-SPS. For measurement of the multiplicity and the rapidity and azimuthal distributions of photons in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, Photon Multiplicity Detector was implemented in the experiment. The experiment was led by Indian physicist Y P Viyogi. Hans H. Gutbrod was the spokesperson of the experimental project. The experimental project was approved on 22 November 1990. The experiment was completed on 9 May 2002.

Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 km (4+1⁄3 miles) in circumference, straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.
Come 2 My House
Come 2 My House is the ninth studio album  by American R&B/funk singer Chaka Khan released on the NPG Records label in 1998.

Come 2 My House was Khan's first full-length album since 1992's The Woman I Am, due to the Warner Bros. Records label postponing and eventually cancelling the release of her tenth album Dare You to Love Me (1995).

NPG Records
NPG Records is a record label that was owned by Prince and run by Trevor Guy. "NPG" is short for New Power Generation. It was founded to release his music after Paisley Park Records was shut down by Warner Bros. Records in 1994.

Though the 1994 compilation 1-800-NEW-FUNK featured several artists, NPG Records never developed into a full label like Paisley Park did; instead, it exclusively released Prince's albums or side-projects.
2024–25 League 2 (Iran)
The 2024–25 season of Iran Football's 2nd Division was the 24th under 2nd Division since its establishment (current format) in 2001. The season featured 22 teams from the 2nd Division 2023–24, three new team relegated from the 2023–24 Azadegan League: Darya Babol, Shahin Bandar Ameri, Khooshe Talayi Mashhad, and four new teams promoted from the 3rd Division 2023–24: Oghab Tehran, Shahin Tehran, Esteghlal Zeydoon and Sepahan Novin Esfahan. 
These changes has been applied before the season:

2023–24 Iran Football's 3rd Division
The article contains information about the 2023–24 Iran 3rd Division football season. This is the 4th rated football league in Iran after the Persian Gulf Cup, Azadegan League, and 2nd Division. The league has been expanded from 85 to 98 teams.

In total 105 teams (81 teams in the first stage in 6 groups, 24 teams added in second stage) will compete in this season's competitions.
Fang Lizhi
Fang Lizhi (Chinese: 方励之; pinyin: Fāng Lìzhī; February 12, 1936 – April 6, 2012) was a Chinese astrophysicist, vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China, and activist whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986–87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Fang was considered as one of the leaders of the New Enlightenment in the 1980s. Because of his activism, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in January 1987. For his work, Fang was a recipient of the Robert F Kennedy Human Rights Award in 1989, given each year. He was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980, but his position was revoked after 1989.

Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit human rights advocacy organization. It was named after United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, a few months after his assassination. The organization of leading attorneys, advocates, entrepreneurs and writers is dedicated to a more just and peaceful world, working alongside local activists to ensure lasting positive change in governments and corporations. It also promotes human rights advocacy through its RFK Human Rights Award, and supports investigative journalists and authors through the RFK Book and Journalism Awards. It is based in New York and Washington, D.C. Robert F. Kennedy's daughter, Kerry Kennedy, serves as the organization's President.
Gilmore Avenue (Quezon City)
Gilmore Avenue, formerly known as Gilmore Street, is a two-lane, one-way road in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It runs one-way from Eulogio Rodriguez Sr. Avenue in New Manila and terminates at N. Domingo Street in Valencia. It continues as the two-way Granada Street until it reaches the city border with San Juan, where it becomes Ortigas Avenue.

The road is named for Eugene Allen Gilmore, Vice Governor-General of the Philippines from 1922 to 1929, who twice served as acting Governor-General. The road is well known as a major IT hub for the number of computer retail shops at its intersection with Aurora Boulevard.

San Juan, Metro Manila
San Juan, officially the City of San Juan (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 134,312 people. It is located in Metro Manila's approximate geographical center, and is the country's smallest city by land area.

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as the Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique, and bargain retail.
Jahlil Okafor
Jahlil Obika Okafor Listenⓘ(/ˈdʒɑː liːl/; born December 15, 1995) is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player for Levanga Hokkaido of the B.League. He played his freshman season of college basketball for the 2014–15 Duke national championship team. He was selected with the third overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers.

Okafor had been heavily recruited before high school and was at the top of the recruiting rankings for several years. He played high school basketball in Chicago, Illinois for Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, where he earned high school national player of the year awards from McDonald's, USA Today and Parade. Okafor signed with Duke as a package with Tyus Jones, with widespread recognition as the preseason Collegiate National Player of the Year. At Duke, he earned the USBWA National Freshman of the Year and ACC Player of the Year, and a unanimous 2015 NCAA Men's Basketball All-American first-team selection.

Whitney M. Young Magnet High School
Whitney M. Young Magnet High School is a public four-year magnet high school and middle school located in the Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Opened on September 3, 1975, as a public magnet high school, joining Lane Tech in that designation. Named after Whitney Young, a prominent African-American civil rights leader, the school is operated by the Chicago Public Schools district.
2019 Extremaduran regional election
A regional election was held in Extremadura on Sunday, 26 May 2019, to elect the 10th Assembly of the autonomous community. All 65 seats in the Assembly were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in eleven other autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain, as well as the 2019 European Parliament election.

Assembly of Extremadura
The Assembly of Extremadura (Spanish: Asamblea de Extremadura; also called Parlamento de Extremadura) is the elected unicameral legislature of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura.

The electoral period is four years.

The Assembly of Extremadura is seated at the old Hospital of San Juan de Dios, in Mérida, the capital of the autonomous community. The session room features a 5th-century mosaic found in 1978 near the Roman Theatre.
Mashle
Mashle: Magic and Muscles (Japanese: マッシュル-MASHLE-, Hepburn: Masshuru) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Kōmoto. It was serialized in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from January 2020 to July 2023, with its chapters collected in 18 tankōbon volumes.

An anime television series adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures aired from April to July 2023. A second season aired from January to March 2024. A third season is set to premiere in 2027.

A-1 Pictures
A-1 Pictures, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社A-1 Pictures, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ē-wan Pikuchāzu) is a Japanese animation studio and production company founded by ex-Sunrise producer Mikihiro Iwata. It is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan's anime production firm Aniplex.
Spectral evidence
Spectral evidence was a form of legal evidence based upon the testimony of those who claim to have experienced visions.

Such testimony was frequently given during the witch trials of the 16th and 17th centuries. The alleged victims of witchcraft would claim to have been tormented by the spectral images of certain named members of the community; this was taken as evidence that those named were witches, and had given the Devil permission to assume their appearance. If accepted by a court, this testimony was virtually impossible to refute. However, spectral evidence was rarely used to secure a conviction, as theologians were unable to agree that the Devil could not take on the shape of an innocent person. The debate about the validity of spectral evidence rose to a climax with the Bury St Edmunds witch trial of 1662, and the Salem witch trials of 1692–93.

Bury St Edmunds witch trials
The Bury St Edmunds witch trials were a series of trials conducted intermittently between the years 1599 and 1694 in the town of Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk, England.

Two specific trials in 1645 and 1662 became historically well known. The 1645 trial "facilitated" by the Witchfinder General saw 18 people executed in one day. The judgment by the future Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, Sir Matthew Hale in the 1662 trial acted as a powerful influence on the continuing persecution of witches in England and similar persecutions in the American Colonies.