hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monodromy
In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they "run round" a singularity. As the name implies, the fundamental meaning  of monodromy comes from "running round singly". It is closely associated with covering maps and their degeneration into ramification; the aspect giving rise to monodromy phenomena is that certain functions we may wish to define fail to be single-valued as we "run round" a path encircling a singularity. The failure of monodromy can be measured by defining a monodromy group: a group of transformations acting on the data that encodes what happens as we "run round" in one dimension. Lack of monodromy is sometimes called polydromy.

Homotopy lifting property
In mathematics, in particular in homotopy theory within algebraic topology, the homotopy lifting property (also known as an instance of the right lifting property or the covering homotopy axiom) is a technical condition on a continuous function from a topological space E to another one, B. It is designed to support the picture of E "above" B by allowing a homotopy taking place in B to be moved "upstairs" to E.

For example, a covering map has a property of unique local lifting of paths to a given sheet; the uniqueness is because the fibers of a covering map are discrete spaces. The homotopy lifting property will hold in many situations, such as the projection in a vector bundle, fiber bundle or fibration, where there need be no unique way of lifting.
Bernard Gardiner
Bernard Gardiner (baptised 25 September 1668 – 22 April 1726) was an academic at the University of Oxford, serving as Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, and also as Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Rohan Amarasinghe
Anthony Rohan Amarasinghe, RSP, VSV, USP, psc, MNI, SLN was a distinguished Sri Lankan admiral. He served as the Director of Naval Rapid Action Boat Squadron, Director Naval Operations, Commander Southern Naval Area (ComSouth), Director General Personnel and Training, Commander North Central Naval Area (ComNorCen), Commander Western Naval Area (ComWest) and Commander Eastern Naval Area (ComEast). He retired from active service in 2014 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 55 for Sri Lankan Armed Forces personnel. At the time of his retirement, he was the third most senior executive officer behind Commander of the Navy and the Chief of Staff.

Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya
The Vishista Seva Vibhushanaya (VSV, Distinguished Service Order) (Sinhala: විශිෂ්ට සේවා විභූෂණය viṣiṣta sēvā vibhūṣaṇaya) is awarded to senior officers of the Military of Sri Lanka in recognition of:

...exceptional, distinguished and loyal service provided they count not less than twenty-five years of service and possess an unblemished record of moral and military conduct...—
U.S. Route 97 in California
U.S. Route 97 (US 97) is a United States Numbered Highway, stretching from Weed, California to the Canadian border in Oroville, Washington. The California portion of US 97 runs north from I-5 in Weed to the Oregon state line. This is the majority of a shortcut between I-5 and Klamath Falls, Oregon, added to both states' state highway systems in 1931. It was designated US 97 in 1935, replacing an east–west section in southern Oregon.

Weed, California
Weed is a city in Siskiyou County, California, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the city had a total population of 2,862, down from 2,967 in 2010. There are several unincorporated communities adjacent to, or just outside of Weed, including Edgewood, Carrick, and Lake Shastina. These communities generally have mailing addresses that use Weed or its ZIP Code. Weed is about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Mount Shasta, a prominent northern California landmark, and the second tallest volcano in the Cascade Range.

Weed's city motto is "Weed like to welcome you". Weed has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.
South Africa 'A' cricket tour of England 2017
The South Africa A cricket team toured England to play one first-class matches and three limited-overs matches against the England Lions. The Matches were played at Nottingham, Northampton and Canterbury from 1 June to 1 July 2017.

South Africa A cricket team
The South Africa A cricket team is a national cricket team representing South Africa.  It is the second-tier of international South African cricket, below the full South Africa national cricket team.  Matches played by South Africa A are not Test matches or One Day Internationals, instead receiving first-class and List A classification respectively. Tony de Zorzi is the current captain of the side, while they are being coached by Shukri Conrad.
Rennibister Earth House
Rennibister Earth House is an Iron Age underground structure known as a souterrain. It is located on the Mainland of Orkney, in Scotland. The monument was discovered in 1926 when a threshing machine caused the roof to collapse. During excavation, the skeletal remains of six adults and twelve children were uncovered. Historic Environment Scotland established the site as a scheduled monument in 1928.

Mainland, Orkney
The Mainland, also known as Pomona, is the main island of Orkney, Scotland. Both of Orkney's burghs, Kirkwall and Stromness, lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney's ferry and air connections.

Seventy-five per cent of Orkney's population live on the island, which is more densely populated than the other islands of the archipelago. The lengthy history of the island's occupation has provided numerous important archaeological sites and the sandstone bedrock provides a platform for fertile farmland. There is an abundance of wildlife, especially seabirds.
Cuisine of New Orleans
The cuisine of New Orleans encompasses common dishes and foods in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is perhaps the most distinctively recognized regional cuisine in the United States. Some of the dishes originated in New Orleans, while others are common and popular in the city and surrounding areas, such as the Mississippi River Delta and southern Louisiana. The cuisine of New Orleans is heavily influenced by Creole cuisine, Cajun cuisine, and soul food. Later on, due to immigration, Italian cuisine and Sicilian cuisine also has some influence on the cuisine of New Orleans. Seafood also plays a prominent part in the cuisine. Dishes invented in New Orleans include po' boy and muffuletta sandwiches, oysters Rockefeller and oysters Bienville, pompano en papillote, and bananas Foster, among others.

En papillote
En papillote (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ papijɔt]; French for "enveloped in paper"), or al cartoccio in Italian, is a method of cooking in which the food is put into a folded pouch or parcel and then baked. This method is most often used to cook fish or vegetables, but lamb and poultry can also be cooked en papillote. It is a combination cooking method of baking and steaming. This method of cooking has been popular since the 17th century in France.
SS El Salvador Victory
SS El Salvador Victory was a Victory ship built in 1944 by the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. After World War II, El Salvador Victory was sold to a private company and renamed Lindi. She was later sold to Orient Overseas Container Line where she was renamed to Geh Yung and converted into a container ship. She was scrapped at Kaohsiung in 1977.

Victory ship
The Victory ship is a ship class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by American shipyards during World War II. They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship, were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines, giving higher speed to allow participation in high-speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats.  A total of 534 Victory ships were built in between 1944 and 1946.
Laura Calder
Laura Calder is a Canadian chef. Calder was host of the James Beard Award-winning series French Food at Home, airing on Food Network Canada, The Cooking Channel, and other international stations.

Calder has written four cookbooks, including French Food at Home (2003), French Taste: Elegant, Everyday, Eating (2009), Dinner Chez Moi: The Fine Art of Feeding Friends (2011), and Paris Express: Simple Food from the City of Style (2014). French Taste was awarded the 2010 Taste Canada gold medal for cookbooks. She has also written The Inviting Life (2017) and Kitchen Bliss (2023). She is a judge on Recipe to Riches, a reality series on Food Network Canada, and has been a guest judge on both Top Chef Canada and Iron Chef America.

In 2011, the Canadian government announced that Calder had received the Order of Agricultural Merit from the French government, in the standing of knight.

James Beard Foundation Award
The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, authors and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.

The awards are voted on by more than 600 culinary professionals, including previous award winners. Recipients receive a medallion etched with the image of James Beard and a certificate from the foundation.
Andy Legg
Andrew Legg (born 28 July 1966) is a Welsh football manager and former Wales international player. He currently manages Barry Town United.

Born in Neath, he began his professional career with Swansea City after joining the club from local non-league football at the age of 22. He made his senior debut in 1988 and went on to make over 150 appearances for the club in all competitions before being sold to Notts County in 1993.

He also played for Birmingham City, Ipswich Town, Reading, Peterborough United, Cardiff City and Newport County. He was one of the cover athletes of FIFA Soccer 96 alongside Ioan Sabău.

He was known for having the longest throw-in in football, being able to regularly throw the ball over 30 metres and once held the world record with a distance of 44.6 m (48.8 yards).

FIFA Soccer 96
FIFA Soccer 96 (also known as FIFA 96: Virtual Soccer Stadium) is a 1995 football video game developed by Extended Play Productions and released by EA Sports for the Mega Drive/Genesis, Sega Saturn, 32X, Game Gear, PlayStation, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and MS-DOS-compatible operating systems. It is the third entry in the FIFA series, its tagline being "Next Generation Soccer". It was the first in the series to feature real-time 3D graphics on the Saturn, PlayStation, 32X, and DOS versions, using technology called "Virtual Stadium". The SNES and Mega Drive/Genesis editions used the FIFA 95 engine. It is also the first in the series to use real player names and positions, with ranking, transfer and team customisation tools.
Spitting Off the Edge of the World
"Spitting Off the Edge of the World" is a song by American indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs, featuring American musician Perfume Genius, from their fifth studio album, Cool It Down (2022). It was released by Secretly Canadian as the album's lead single in June 2022, marking their first single release in nine years. Written by the band and producer David Andrew Sitek, "Spitting Off the Edge of the World" is a power ballad with lyrics inspired by singer Karen O's thoughts on the climate crisis.

"Spitting Off the Edge of the World" was praised by reviewers and nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance; it reached the top 30 of digital charts in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, and topped Billboard's television and digital rock charts. The song's music video was directed by Cody Critcheloe and nominated for the Libera Award for Video of the Year.

Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance is an award presented by the Recording Academy to honor quality alternative music performances in any given year. The award was presented for the first time on February 5, 2023, at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards. It is a companion category to the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and the first new category in the alternative genre field since the field's creation in 1991.

The Academy stated that the award goes to "a track or single performance that recognizes the best recordings in an alternative performance by a solo artist, collaborating artists, established duo, or established group."
Kita-Asahikawa Freight Terminal
Kita-Asahikawa Freight Terminal (北旭川駅, Kita-Asahikawa eki) is a railway freight terminal located in Ryūtsūdanchi 1-Jō 5-chōme, Asahikawa, Hokkaidō, and operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

The terminal is situated on the Soya Main Line.

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.
Pietro Campori
Pietro Campori (c.1553 – 4 February 1643) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church and Bishop of Cremona. He was friends with Scipione Borghese, the nephew of Pope Paul V, and was twice a candidate for election to the papacy, in the conclaves of 1621 and 1623.

Scipione Borghese
Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese (Italian pronunciation: [ʃiˈpjoːne borˈɡeːze; -eːse]; 1 September 1577 – 2 October 1633) was an Italian cardinal, art collector and patron of the arts. A member of the Borghese family, he was the patron of the painter Caravaggio and the artist Bernini. His legacy is the establishment of the art collection at the Villa Borghese in Rome.
The Gambia–Germany relations
Gambia–Germany relations are the bilateral relations between Germany and The Gambia. The Gambia has maintained diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany since 1965. After the fall of the autocratic ruler Yahya Jammeh and the return to democracy in The Gambia, relations have intensified again, which was also expressed by the establishment of a German embassy in Banjul on May 17, 2023.

Banjul
Banjul (UK: /bænˈdʒuːl/, US: /ˈbɑːndʒuːl/), officially the City of Banjul, is the capital city of The Gambia. The city of Banjul is located on St Mary's Island (Banjul Island), which is in the Gambia River where it enters the Atlantic Ocean.

The population of the city proper is 26,461, with the Greater Banjul Area, which includes the City of Banjul and the Kanifing municipality, at a population of 405,809 (2024 census). The island is connected to the mainland to the west and the rest of Greater Banjul Area via bridges. There are also ferries linking Banjul to the mainland at the other side of the river.

From the 19th century until 24 April 1973, the city was known as Bathurst.
Daniel Batson
Charles Daniel Batson (born March 15, 1943) is an American social psychologist. He has two doctoral degrees, in theology (from Princeton Theological Seminary) and psychology (from Princeton University's Department of Psychology). Batson obtained his doctorate under John Darley and taught at the University of Kansas. He retired in 2006 and now is an emeritus professor in the psychology department of the University of Tennessee. He is best known for his contributions to the social psychology of altruism, empathic concern, and psychology of religion.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Patricia Schartle Myrer
Biography portal

Patricia Schartle Myrer (1923–2010) was an editor, literary agent and publishing executive based in New York City. She was editor-in-chief of Appleton-Century-Crofts publishing. She eventually became president of McIntosh & Otis literary agency. She married novelist Anton Myrer in 1970. Some of the authors she represented were Mary Higgins Clark, Patricia Highsmith and Eleanor Hibbert. She retired in 1984 and died in 2010.

Appleton-Century-Crofts
Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. was a division of the Meredith Publishing Company. It was a result of the merger of Appleton-Century Company with F.S. Crofts Co. in 1948. Prior to that The Century Company had merged with D. Appleton & Company in 1933.

The Century Company and its subsequent incarnations published the New Century Dictionary.

Eventually Meredith sold the majority of the company and the Appleton name to Prentice-Hall in 1973. Part of the company became part of Hawthorn Books and New Win Publishing.
Aka Maruf Bami Khel
Aka Maruf Bami Khel (Urdu: اکا ماروف بامی خیل; Pashto: اکامعروف بامي خيل)is an administrative unit, known as Union council or Ward in Tehsil Babuzai, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Two clans of Babuzai namely Aka Maroof and Bami Khel live in the Union Council.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013. District Swat has 67 Wards, of which total number of Village Councils is 170, and Neighbourhood Councils is 44.

Aka Maruf Bami Khel is Territorial  Ward, which is further divided in four Village Councils:

Bishbanr (Village Council)

Kass (Village Council)

Banjot (Village Council)

Sar Sardarai (Village Council)

Ward (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Ward is an administrative unit in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. It is notified in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013.

Ward, similar to a Union Council, is a new term and demarcation by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government.
While Union Councils are based upon West Pakistan Land Revenue Act, 1967 (W.P. Act No. XVII of 1967)

Ward may consist of:

Village Council or

Neighbourhood Council

Village Council is rural places, while Neighbourhood Councils  are urban and they are near to main city or have some of characteristics of city.

Each ward is considered to be a complete local government, having their own District Councilor, Tehsil Councilor, General Councilors, Peasant Councilors, Women Councilors and Youth Councilors, to represent different communities of human and to struggle for their own benefits.

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa there are total 2996 Village Councils.
and 505 Neighborhood Councils. While total number of Union Councils is 1001.
CCGS Sir William Alexander
CCGS Sir William Alexander is a Martha L. Black-class light icebreaker. Entering service in 1987, the vessel is currently assigned to CCG Maritimes Region and is homeported at CCG Base Dartmouth, in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The vessel is named after Scottish explorer Sir William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling, who was an early colonizer of Nova Scotia.

Home port
A vessel's home port is the port at which it is based, which may not be the same as its port of registry shown on its registration documents and lettered on the stern of the ship's hull. In the cruise industry the term "home port" is also often used in reference to the port in which a ship will take on/change over most of its passengers while taking on stores, supplies and fuel.
Bauxite mining in Australia
Bauxite mining in Australia is an economically significant industry both for Australia and globally. The industry focuses on the mining of bauxite, the primary raw material for alumina and aluminium. Australia is the world's largest bauxite producer, producing almost a third of global bauxite.

Bauxite is mined in Australia using open-cut mining, which suits the relatively shallow bauxite deposits located mostly in Western Australia and Queensland. Mined bauxite is either exported or refined domestically into alumina. The large majority of domestic bauxite and alumina is exported to China. Australia produced approximately 102 million tonnes of bauxite in the 2018-19 year from seven main bauxite mines generating about $3.3 billion AUD of revenue. Sustainable bauxite mining in Australia is regulated under the Sustainable Bauxite Mining Guidelines.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Sammy Malakwen
Sammy Malakwen (also known as Samuel Malakwen; born 25 May 1978) is a middle- and long-distance runner from Kenya who also trained in Two Harbors, Minnesota. He has won several major marathons, and has finished in the top 10 of several major road races.

Two Harbors, Minnesota
Two Harbors is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census. Minnesota State Highway 61 serves as a main route in Two Harbors. Gooseberry Falls State Park is 13 miles (21 km) to the northeast. The city is home to a cargo shipping port for mined iron ore.
Härkeberga Church
Härkeberga Church (Swedish: Härkeberga kyrka) is a Lutheran church in the Archdiocese of Uppsala in Uppsala County, Sweden. It contains a number of well-preserved 15th-century frescos attributed to Albertus Pictor.

Albertus Pictor
Albertus Pictor (English, "Albert the Painter"; Immenhusen, c. 1440 – c. 1507), also called Albert Pictor, Albert Målare and Albrekt Pärlstickare (Swedish), is the most famous late medieval Swedish painter, known for his wallpaintings surviving in numerous churches in southern and central Sweden. Celebrations for the quincentenary of his death were arranged for 2009.