hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh–Ritz method
The Rayleigh–Ritz method is a direct numerical method of approximating eigenvalues, originated in the context of solving physical boundary value problems and named after Lord Rayleigh and Walther Ritz.

In this method, an infinite-dimensional linear operator is approximated by a finite-dimensional compression, on which we can use an eigenvalue algorithm.

It is used in all applications that involve approximating eigenvalues and eigenvectors, often under different names. In quantum mechanics, where a system of particles is described using a Hamiltonian, the Ritz method uses trial wave functions to approximate the ground state eigenfunction with the lowest energy. In the finite element method context, mathematically the same algorithm is commonly called the Ritz-Galerkin method. The Rayleigh–Ritz method or Ritz method terminology is typical in mechanical and structural engineering to approximate the eigenmodes and resonant frequencies of a structure.

Ansatz
In physics and mathematics, an ansatz (/ˈænsæts/; German: [ˈʔanzats] ⓘ, meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansatzes or, from German, ansätze /ˈænsɛtsə/; German: [ˈʔanzɛtsə] ⓘ) is an educated guess or an additional assumption made to help solve a problem, and which may later be verified to be part of the solution by its results.
Wu Bo
Wu Bo (Chinese: 吴波; 1906 – 21 February 2005) was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of Finance between 1978 and 1980. He was a delegate to the 8th and 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, and a delegate to the 3rd National People's Congress. He was a member of the 5th Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the 6th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

Minister of Finance (China)
The minister of finance of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is twelfth in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Lan Fo'an, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the ministry.
Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni
The Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni (Latin: Archidioecesis Amalphitana-Cavensis) is an archdiocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, with its episcopal see at Amalfi, not far from Naples. It was named Archdiocese of Amalfi until parts of the Diocese of Cava e Sarno were merged with it on September 30, 1986.

It was exempt, i.e. directly dependent on the Holy See, but is now a suffragan of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno.

The current bishop is Orazio Soricelli.  In 2015, in the diocese of Amalfi there was one priest for every 1,199 Catholics.

Amalfi
Amalfi (UK: /əˈmælfi/, US: /ɑːˈmɑːlfi/, Italian: [aˈmalfi]) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno. It lies at the mouth of a deep ravine, at the foot of Monte Cerreto (1,315 metres, 4,314 feet), surrounded by dramatic cliffs and coastal scenery. The town of Amalfi was the capital of the maritime republic known as the Duchy of Amalfi, an important trading power in the Mediterranean between 839 and around 1200. It has 4,611 inhabitants.

The town became a popular seaside resort beginning in the Edwardian era, with members of the British upper class spending their winters in Amalfi. Amalfi is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Wilbur Cross Highway
The Wilbur Cross Highway is a freeway running along a portion of Connecticut Route 15 and U.S. Route 5 from Wethersfield to East Hartford, Connecticut, and then continuing northeast as a section of Interstate 84, part of which is also cosigned as U.S. Route 6. The freeway ends at a junction with the tolled Massachusetts Turnpike in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. The entire route was formerly signed as Route 15.

East Hartford, Connecticut
East Hartford is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 51,045 at the 2020 census. The town is located on the east bank of the Connecticut River, directly across from Hartford. It is home to aerospace manufacturer Pratt & Whitney. It is also home to Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field, a stadium used mainly for soccer and football with a capacity of 40,000 people.
Kenny Ailshie
Kenny Ailshie (November 27, 1948 – August 22, 2008) was an American horse trainer who specialized in Racking Horses. Ailshie won the World Grand Championship in the Racking Horse World Celebration 6 times, more than any other trainer. Alshie's son Keith and daughter Buffy have also won numerous Championships.

Racking Horse
The Racking Horse is a horse breed derived from the Tennessee Walking Horse, recognized by the USDA in 1971.  It is known for a distinctive singlefoot gait. In 1971, the Racking Horse Breeders' Association of America, headquartered in Decatur, Alabama, was formed as the breed registry.  Its goal is to preserve the breed in a natural state with little or no artificial devices that enhance gait. The horse's tail is naturally raised without nicking or tail sets. Some classes allow special shoes that enhance action, and a relatively newer class allows the use of chains, six ounces and under as action devices. The practice of soring, illegal under the Horse Protection Act of 1970, is also seen within the Racking Horse world. Since the breed's inception, about 80,000 Racking Horses have been registered, with the largest populations located in the US states of Alabama and Tennessee.
Bultoo Radio
Bultoo Radio is a unique mobile-based communication service which uses Bluetooth technology to exchange news of local issues and entertainment content in media dark zones. It was launched in 2015 in Chhattisgarh state of India by CGNet Swara, a citizen journalism platform, in collaboration with the state government. Bultoo radio aims to provide a common ground for Adivasi tribals and non-Adivasis to communicate and share content, ranging from recreational stories to problem messages, in their local languages. These stories are then converted to audio programmes and transmitted.

CGNet Swara
CGnet Swara is an Indian voice-based online portal that enables people in the forests of Chhattisgarh to report local news in Gondi by making a phone call. The portal is accessible both through mobile phones and online. Users can report stories and listen to them by giving a missed call. Reported stories are moderated by journalists and become available for playback online as well as over the phone. It was founded by journalist, Shubhranshu Choudhary. For this project, Choudhary won the Digital Activism Award in 2014 from the Index on Censorship beating Edward Snowden and China's Free Weibo.
Comedian Domnic
Domingos Gabriel "Domnic" Coelho (born 24 March 1957), popularly known as Comedian Domnic or Hoddo Bakru (transl. Bald Landlord), is an Indian comedian, actor, singer, playwright, and theatre director known for his work in Konkani films and tiatr productions.

Tiatr
Tiatr (English: Theatre; Portuguese: Teatro) is a type of musical theatre that is popular in the state of Goa on the west coast of India, as well as in Mumbai and among the Goan expatriate communities in the Middle East, United Kingdom, and other cities with a significant presence of Konkani speakers. The plays are primarily performed in the Romi Konkani dialects and incorporate elements such as music, dance, and singing. Individuals who perform in tiatr are referred to as tiatrists.
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida)
County Road 615 (CR 615), or 66th Avenue, is a 7.6-mile (12.2 km) major north–south county road in Indian River County, Florida. Starting at State Road 60 (SR 60) in West Vero Corridor, CR 615 heads North until eventually ending at CR 510 in Wabasso. The county road was built in 1951.

CR 615 mainly passes through rural areas in Indian River County.

Indian River County, Florida
Indian River County (Spanish: Condado de Río Indio) is a county located in the southeastern and east-central portions of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 159,788. Its seat is Vero Beach.

Indian River County comprises the Sebastian-Vero Beach-West Vero Corridor, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA was first defined as the Vero Beach, Florida MSA in 2003. It was renamed Sebastian-Vero Beach, Florida MSA in 2005, and Sebastian-Vero Beach-West Vero Corridor, Florida MSA in 2023. The MSA is included in the Miami-Port St. Lucie-Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Combined Statistical Area.

On November 16–17, 2023, northern Indian River County was severely impacted by flooding after 14” of rain fell in less than 24 hours.
Louis Receveur
Claude-Francois Joseph Louis Receveur O.F.M. Conv., (1757 – 17 February 1788) was a French friar priest, naturalist and astronomer who sailed with Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse.

Receveur was also considered a skilled botanist, geologist, chemist, meteorologist, and philologist and has been described as being as close as one could get to being an ecologist in the 18th century.

Order of Friars Minor Conventual
The Order of Friars Minor Conventual (O.F.M. Conv.) is a male religious fraternity in the Catholic Church and a branch of the Franciscan Order.  Conventual Franciscan Friars are identified by the affix O.F.M. Conv. after their names. They are also known as Conventual Franciscans or Minorites.

The Conventual Franciscan Friars have worldwide provinces that date to the 13th century. They dress in black or grey habits with white cords. Many friars engage in such ministries as teaching, parish ministry and service to the poor.
Ciao My Shining Star: The Songs of Mark Mulcahy
Ciao My Shining Star: The Songs of Mark Mulcahy is a tribute album to former Polaris and Miracle Legion front man Mark Mulcahy. It was released on the Shout! Factory label on September 29, 2009.

More than 30 artists recorded exclusive tracks for the album, intended to help Mulcahy continue making music while he was raising his three-year-old twin daughters after his wife Melissa died in 2008. Notable contributors include Michael Stipe, Black Francis (as Frank Black), Thom Yorke, Dinosaur Jr., The National, Mercury Rev, Chris Collingwood of Fountains of Wayne, and David Thomas, whose band Pere Ubu was among those who had worked or performed with Miracle Legion and/or Polaris in the past.

A deluxe edition was also released, including 20 bonus tracks over two additional CDs.

Black Francis
Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV (born April 6, 1965), known professionally as Black Francis and formerly Frank Black, is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who is the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Pixies. Following the band's breakup in 1993, he embarked on a solo career releasing fifteen albums and forming his band, the Catholics. The Pixies regrouped in 2004, and he declared his solo career to be over in 2013.

His vocal style varies from a screaming, yowling delivery with Pixies to a more measured, melodic style in his solo career. His cryptic lyrics mostly explore unconventional subjects, such as surrealism, UFOs, and biblical violence, along with science fiction and surf culture. His use of atypical meter signatures, loud–quiet dynamics, and distinct preference for live-to-two-track recording during his time with the Catholics have given him a distinct style within alternative rock.
Atle Lie McGrath
Atle Lie McGrath (born 21 April 2000) is an American-Norwegian World Cup alpine ski racer who specializes in the technical events of slalom and giant slalom. Lie McGrath is a member of the Norwegian Alpine Ski Team. He gained his first World Cup podium in December 2020 on the giant slalom category at Alta Badia, Italy.

In March 2022, Lie McGrath earned his first World Cup victory, on the slalom discipline, at Flachau, Austria.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Ediacara, South Australia
Ediacara /iːdiˈækərə/ is a locality in the state of South Australia, located about 500 kilometres (310 miles) north of the state capital of Adelaide and about 30 kilometres (19 miles) to the south west of the town of Leigh Creek. It includes the Nilpena Ediacara National Park, and the Ediacara Hills, which lie within that park.

Nilpena Ediacara National Park
Nilpena Ediacara National Park, which includes the former Ediacara Conservation Park, is a national park located in the northern Flinders Ranges, in the state of South Australia. It is significant for its abundance of Ediacaran fossils, so named because of their discovery in the Ediacara Hills. It is located about around 551 km (342 mi) north of the city of Adelaide, around 30 kilometres (19 miles) south-west of the town of Leigh Creek in the state's Far North, and lies on the traditional lands of the Adnyamathanha people.

The Flinders Ranges Ediacara Foundation was established in 2018 with a charter to protect the unique fossils.  The park, which includes the Ediacara Hills and covers 60,617 hectares (149,790 acres), was proclaimed in June 2021, and opened in April 2023. The park and the fossils are of major significance to the bid for UNESCO World Heritage Listing for the Flinders Ranges.
Uitpa Formation
The Uitpa Formation (Spanish: Formación Uitpa, E3u) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Cocinetas Basin in the northernmost department of La Guajira. The formation consists of calcareous mudstones interbedded with lithic sandstones. The Uitpa Formation dates to the Neogene period; Aquitanian to Burdigalian stages, corresponding to the Colhuehuapian in the SALMA classification, and has a maximum thickness of 230 metres (750 ft).

Colhuehuapian
The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age.
Proto-Temotu language
Proto-Temotu (abbreviated as PTm) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Temotu languages of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. It belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian languages.

A partial reconstruction was done by Malcolm Ross and Åshild Næss in 2007, with further revisions by William James Lackey and Brenda H. Boerger in 2021.

Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross FAHA (born 3 May 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University (ANU).

Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996.
Isovolumetric contraction
In cardiac physiology, isometric contraction is an event occurring in early systole during which the ventricles contract with no corresponding volume change (isometrically). This short-lasting portion of the cardiac cycle takes place while all heart valves are closed. The inverse operation is isovolumetric relaxation diastole with all valves optimally closed.

Diastole
Diastole (/daɪˈæstəli/ dy-AST-ə-lee) is the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are refilling with blood. The contrasting phase is systole when the heart chambers are contracting. Atrial diastole is the relaxing of the atria, and ventricular diastole the relaxing of the ventricles.

The term originates from the Greek word διαστολή (diastolē), meaning "dilation", from διά (diá, "apart") + στέλλειν (stéllein, "to send").
Anarchism in Denmark
Anarchism in Denmark emerged in the late 19th century from the revolutionary factions of early social democratic spheres, crystalizing into a widespread anarcho-syndicalist movement that reached its height during the late 1910s. After the disintegration of organized syndicalism, anarchists in post-war Denmark began to organize the squatters' movement, which led to the creation of Freetown Christiania.

Freetown Christiania
Freetown Christiania (Danish: Fristaden Christiania), also known as Christiania or simply Staden, is an intentional community and anarchist commune in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of the Danish capital city of Copenhagen. It began in 1971 as a squatted military base. Its main selling street, Pusher Street, was  famous for its open illegal trade of cannabis until 2024, when a large portion of the trade was shut down in a collaborative effort between Danish police and the majority of the inhabitants, with the street being physically dug up.
Reece Brown (footballer, born 1996)
Reece Glen Brown (born 3 March 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for EFL League Two club Crawley Town.

Brown made his senior debut for Birmingham City in the Football League in September 2013, and spent time on loan at League One clubs Notts County in September 2014 and Chesterfield in early 2017. He was released by Birmingham in 2017 and joined Forest Green Rovers, where he spent two seasons before signing for Huddersfield Town. He spent the second half of the 2019–20 season on loan at Peterborough United, rejoined the club, also on loan, for the following season, and for a third time in January 2022. Released by Huddersfield in 2022, he rejoined Forest Green Rovers.

He has represented England at under-16, under-17, under-18 and under-20 level.

England national under-18 football team
England national under-18 football team, also known as England under-18s or England U18(s), represents England in association football at under-18 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

The team competed in the FIFA International Youth Tournament (later taken over by UEFA) and its successor, the UEFA European Under-18 Championship, and was often referred to as England Youth. After the tournament was renamed the European Under-18 Championship, England won twice more, in 1980 and 1993. In 1997, eligibility rules changed and the competition was rebranded as the UEFA European Under-19 Championship in 2001.

Nowadays, the under-18 banner is used for participation in international friendlies. The 2017 Toulon Tournament was also composed largely of under-18 players.
Emanuele Olivieri
Emanuele Olivieri (born 2 August 2008 in Canelli) is an Italian racing driver. He is the 2025 F4 Middle East champion.

He is the godson of three-time 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Rinaldo Capello and is part of Oliver Victor Kristensen's 5P Agency.

2025 F4 Middle East Championship
The 2025 F4 Middle East Championship is the inaugural season of the F4 Middle East Championship, the successor of the Formula 4 UAE Championship, a motor racing series for the Middle East regulated according to FIA Formula 4 regulations, and organised and promoted by the Emirates Motorsport Organization (EMSO) and Top Speed.

The season commenced on 18 January at the Yas Marina Circuit and concluded on 28 February at Lusail International Circuit.
Council of Jerusalem
The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council is a council described in chapter 15 of the Acts of the Apostles, held in Jerusalem c. AD 48–50.

The council decided that Gentiles who converted to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the rules prescribed to the Jews by the Mosaic Law, such as Jewish dietary laws and other specific rituals, including the rules concerning circumcision of males. The council did, however, retain the prohibitions on eating blood or meat containing blood, and meat of animals that were strangled, and on fornication and idolatry, sometimes referred to as the Apostolic Decree. The purpose and origin of these four prohibitions is debated.

Accounts of the council are found in Acts of the Apostles (chapter 15 in two different forms, the Alexandrian and Western versions) and also possibly in Paul's letter to the Galatians (chapter 2). Some scholars dispute that Galatians 2 is about the Council of Jerusalem, while others have defended this identification.

Law of Moses
The Law of Moses (Hebrew: תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה Torat Moshe), also called the Mosaic Law, is the law said to have been revealed to Moses by God. The term primarily refers to the Torah or the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
Árpád Bridge
Árpád Bridge or Árpád híd (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈaːrpaːd ˈhiːd]) is a bridge in Budapest, Hungary, connecting northern Buda (Óbuda) and Pest across the Danube.

Until the inauguration of Megyeri Bridge in 2008, it was the longest bridge in Hungary, spanning about 2 km (1.24 mi) with the sections leading up to the bridge, and 928 m (0.58 mi) without them. It is 35.3 m (116 ft) wide with pedestrian and bicycle paths and a tramline.

At its Óbuda end is Flórián tér, Szentlélek tér (near the Main Square of Óbuda, the Vasarely and Kassák Museums).

Margaret Island is connected to Árpád Bridge through an embranchment approximately in the middle of the bridge, and crosses the Southern tip of Óbuda Island as well, although there is no road, pedestrian or any other connection whatsoever between the two. (See Sziget Festival)

At the Pest end, the adjoining Line 3 (North-South) metro station was called "Árpád híd" until 31 January 2020.

Óbuda
Óbuda (German: Alt-Ofen, lit. 'Ur-Buda'  or 'Old Buda') is, together with Buda and Pest, one of the three cities that were unified to form the Hungarian capital city of Budapest in 1873. Today, together with Békásmegyer, Óbuda forms a part of the city's third district, although the toponym is also sometimes used for northern Buda as a whole.

The neighborhood proper is centered on Fő tér beside the Szentlélek tér BHÉV station. Óbuda Island, which lies in the Danube beside Óbuda, hosts the Sziget Festival, a major annual music and cultural festival.
Gymnastics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic individual all-around
The men's artistic individual all-around competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics was held at the Baths of Caracalla from 5 to 7 September. It was the thirteenth appearance of the event. There were 130 competitors from 28 nations. Each nation entered a team of six gymnasts or up to two individual gymnasts. The event was won by Boris Shakhlin of the Soviet Union, the nation's third consecutive victory in the event, putting the Soviets second all-time to that point (behind Italy's four). Takashi Ono of Japan and Yuri Titov of the Soviet Union repeated as silver and bronze medalists, respectively; they were the fifth and sixth men to earn multiple medals in the event.

Yuri Titov
Yuri Yevlampiyevich Titov (Russian: Юрий Евлампиевич Титов; born 27 November 1935) is a former Russian gymnast, Olympic champion and four times world champion, who competed for the Soviet Union. He won a total of nine Olympic medals from three Olympic games (1956, 1960 and 1964).