hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iran and the World Trade Organization
Iran officially submitted an application to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 19 July 1996. From July 1996 to May 2001, Iran’s application had not been considered, mainly as a result of US objections and the US veto power in the WTO Council. From May 2001 Iran’s application for WTO membership has been brought up 22 times. At the 22nd time, on 26 May 2005, Iran’s application for WTO membership was approved unanimously by the organization’s members (and thus by the United States and Israel as a goodwill gesture so as to ease the nuclear negotiations between Iran and the international community). Thus the process of Iran’s membership in the WTO started. Once Iran’s application was accepted and examined by WTO General Council, Iran became WTO observer member and started the process of full membership in the organization. In November 2009 Iran submitted the Foreign Trade Regime Memorandum as the process of accession entered a new phase.

Taxation in Iran
Taxation in Iran is levied and collected by the Iranian National Tax Administration under the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs of the Government of Iran. In 2008, about 55% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, the rest from taxes and fees. An estimated 50% of Iran's GDP was exempt from taxes in FY 2004. There are virtually millions of people who do not pay taxes in Iran and hence operate outside the formal economy. The fiscal year begins on March 21 and ends on March 20 of the next year.

As part of the Iranian Economic Reform Plan, the government  proposed income tax increases on traders in gold, steel, fabrics and other sectors, prompting  work stoppages by merchants.
1938 Philippine legislative election
Elections for the Second National Assembly were held on November 8, 1938, under a new law that allowed block voting, which favored the governing Nacionalista Party (formerly divided into the Democratica and the Pro-Independencia factions, which later reconciled). As expected all the 98 seats of the National Assembly went to the Nacionalistas. José Yulo, who was Quezon's Secretary of Justice from 1934 to 1938, was elected Speaker.

Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party,' NP) is a political party in the Philippines that is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asia. It was responsible for leading the country throughout most of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953 to 1961 (under Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia), and 1965 to 1978 (under Ferdinand Marcos), and also was one of the two dominant political parties (along with the Liberal Party) throughout the existence of the Third Republic.
Almaguin Spartans
The Almaguin Spartans were a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in South River, Ontario.  They play in the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (GMHL).  They were originally the Mattawa Voyageurs of Mattawa, Ontario.

South River, Ontario
South River is a village on Highway 124 near Algonquin Park in the Almaguin Highlands region of Parry Sound District of Ontario, Canada. It is about halfway between North Bay and Huntsville  or a 3-hour drive (300 km) north from Toronto. South River has access to the Algonquin Park for canoeists at Kawawaymog (Round Lake).  South River is home of Mikisew Provincial Park on the shores of Eagle Lake.
Kugel (TV series)
Kugel (Hebrew: קוגל) is an Israeli television drama series and prequel to Shtisel. The show was created and written by Yehonatan Indursky, with Sasson Gabai and Hadas Yaron reprising their roles from Shtisel. The series takes place in Antwerp's Haredi community.

The series premiered on yes Drama in Israel on 5 December 2024.

Yes Drama
Yes Drama (styled as yes Drama and formerly called yes stars Drama) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider yes, which broadcasts American, British, Canadian and Israeli TV shows of the drama, lifestyle and reality genres. The channel aired on December 14, 2008 on channel 12 as part of the latest television shows' channels re-brand by yes. The channel is a split of the former yes stars 1 to the current yes Drama and yes Comedy. The channel airs the shows' new episodes on weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays), and its re-runs on weekdays and weekends (Fridays - Saturdays).

The yes Drama schedule is being simulcast in High Definition on yes Drama HD on channel 16.
The Limo (How I Met Your Mother)
"The Limo" is the 11th episode in the first season of the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The episode was written by Sam Johnson and Chris Marcil and was directed by Pamela Fryman.

"The Limo" stars Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby alongside Neil Patrick Harris, Jason Segel, Cobie Smulders, Alyson Hannigan. It first aired on CBS on December 19, 2005 to an audience of 10.36 million viewers.

Ted Mosby
Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the protagonist in the American sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. He serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the "long version" of how he met their mother.
Eagle Foods
Eagle Family Foods Group LLC, doing business as Eagle Foods, is an American food company based in Cleveland, Ohio owned by private equity firm Kelso & Company. The company was founded in 2015 by Paul Smucker Wagstaff, formerly of The J.M. Smucker Company, after acquiring ownership of the canned milk brands formerly owned by Borden Inc. (Eagle Brand, Magnolia, Milnot, and PET).

Eagle Family Foods' product line includes condensed and evaporated milk, popcorn, french fries, sweet onion sticks, and pasta dishes.

French fries
French fries, or simply fries, also known as chips, and finger chips (Indian English), are batonnet or julienne-cut deep-fried potatoes of disputed origin. They are prepared by cutting potatoes into even strips, drying them, and frying them, usually in a deep fryer. Pre-cut, blanched, and frozen russet potatoes are widely used, and sometimes baked in a regular or convection oven, such as an air fryer.

French fries are served hot, either soft or crispy, and are generally eaten as part of lunch or dinner or by themselves as a snack, and they commonly appear on the menus of diners, fast food restaurants, pubs, and bars. They are typically salted and may be served with ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise, tomato sauce, or other sauces. Fries can be topped more heavily, as in the dishes of poutine, loaded fries or chili cheese fries, and are occasionally made from sweet potatoes instead of potatoes.
2023 South Carolina Gamecocks football team
The 2023 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina as a member of the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 2023 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gamecocks played their home games at Williams–Brice Stadium in Columbia, South Carolina, and were led by Shane Beamer in his third year as their head coach.

This was also the final year for the East division, as Texas and Oklahoma joined the SEC in 2024.

Despite quarterback Spencer Rattler and wide receiver Xavier Legette having two of the best individual seasons in school history in their final college year, the team was noted by the media for being heavily affected by injuries. South Carolina finished sixth in the final SEC East, with an overall record of 5–7, missing a bowl game for the first time since 2020.

The South Carolina Gamecocks football team drew an average home attendance of 77,833 in 2023, the 16th highest in college football.

Williams–Brice Stadium
Williams–Brice Stadium is a football stadium located in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the South Carolina Gamecocks football team, but has also been the site of many concerts, state high school football championships, and various other events, including the annual Palmetto Capital City Classic between the Benedict Tigers and the South Carolina State Bulldogs until the last game in 2005. It is currently the 16th largest on-campus college football stadium in the NCAA and is located on the corner of George Rogers Boulevard and Bluff Road adjacent to the South Carolina State Fairgrounds.
Carolina football teams consistently attract standing-room-only crowds to Williams–Brice Stadium. The atmosphere on game days has been voted "the best" by SECsports.com, and has been noted as being among the loudest environments to play in by opposing players.
Ali Amhaouch
Sidi Ali ibn al-Mekki Amhaouch (1844–1918) was a Moroccan religious leader who opposed the French conquest of Morocco. Amhaouch was descended from a long line of marabouts who were influential religious figures in Morocco from 1715. Amhaouch backed two rebellions against the Moroccan government and later fought against the French occupying forces. He declared a defensive jihad against France during the Zaian War but died of natural causes in 1918, three years before the war ended in the tribesmen's defeat. His son, Sidi El Mekki Amhaouch, continued to fight the French until his defeat in 1932. Amhaouch's descendant is a religious leader in modern-day Morocco.

Marabout
In the Muslim world, the marabout (Arabic: مُرابِط, romanized: murābiṭ, lit. 'one who is attached/garrisoned') is a descendant of Muhammad (Arabic: سـيّد, romanized: sayyid and sidi in the Maghreb) and a Muslim religious leader and teacher who historically had the function of a chaplain serving as a part of an Islamic army, notably in North Africa and the Sahara region, in West Africa, and historically in the Maghreb.

The marabout is often a scholar of the Quran, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering holy men who survive on alms or as spiritual directors of Muslim religious communities, often as muršid ('guide') of Sufi orders. The term marabout is also used for the mausolea of such religious leaders (cf. maqām, mazār, in Palestine also walī/velī).
Salome vs. Shenandoah
Salome vs. Shenandoah is a 1919 American silent film comedy short directed by Ray Grey, Erle C. Kenton, and Ray Hunt. It starred Ben Turpin, Charles Murray, and Phyllis Haver. It was produced by Mack Sennett and distributed by Famous Players–Lasky and Paramount Pictures.

Ben Turpin
Bernard "Ben" Turpin (September 19, 1869 – July 1, 1940) was an American comedian and actor, best remembered for his work in silent films. His trademarks were his cross-eyed appearance and adeptness at vigorous physical comedy. A sometime vaudeville performer, he was "discovered" for film while working as the janitor for Essanay Studios in Chicago. Turpin went on to work with notable performers such as Charlie Chaplin and Laurel and Hardy, and was a part of the Mack Sennett studio team. He is believed to have been the first filmed "victim" of the pie in the face gag. When sound came to films, Turpin chose to retire, having invested profitably in real estate, although he did do occasional cameos.
Tan Zhenlin
Tan Zhenlin  (simplified Chinese: 谭震林; traditional Chinese: 譚震林; pinyin: Tán Zhènlín; 24 April 1902 – 30 September 1983), also known by his courtesy name Mei Cheng, was a revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party and a senior general of the People's Liberation Army. He was widely known by the nickname “Tan Boss.”

Chen Yi (marshal)
Chen Yi (Chinese: 陈毅; pinyin: Chén Yì; Wade–Giles: Chen I; August 26, 1901 – January 6, 1972) was a Chinese communist military commander and politician. He served as Mayor of Shanghai from 1949 to 1958 and as Foreign Minister of China from 1958 to 1972. He is one of Ten Marshals of the People's Republic of China.
The Three Wise Guys
The Three Wise Guys is a 1936 American drama film directed by George B. Seitz, written by Elmer Harris and Damon Runyon, and starring Robert Young, Betty Furness, Raymond Walburn, Thurston Hall, Bruce Cabot and Donald Meek. It was released on May 15, 1936, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It is based on a short story of the same name, published by Damon Runyon in 1933.

Bruce Cabot
Bruce Cabot (born Étienne de Pelissier Bujac Jr.; April 20, 1904 – May 3, 1972) was an American film actor, best remembered as Jack Driscoll in King Kong (1933) and for his roles in films such as The Last of the Mohicans (1936), Fritz Lang's Fury (1936), and the Western Dodge City (1939). He was also known as one of "Wayne's Regulars", appearing in a number of John Wayne films beginning with Angel and the Badman (1947), and concluding with Big Jake (1971).
Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2003
Poland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with the song "Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic", written by André Franke, Joachim Horn-Bernges, Michał Wiśniewski, and Jacek Łągwa, and performed by the band Ich Troje. The Polish participating broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), organised the national final Krajowe Eliminacje do Konkursu Piosenki Eurowizji 2003 in order to select its entry for the contest. The broadcaster returned to the contest after a one-year absence following its relegation in 2002 as one of the bottom six entrants in 2001. The national final took place on 25 January 2003 and featured fourteen entries. "Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic" performed by Ich Troje was selected as the winner after gaining 31.8% of the public vote.

Poland competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 24 May 2003. Performing during the show in position 20, Poland placed seventh out of the 26 participating countries, scoring 90 points.

Telewizja Polska
Telewizja Polska S.A. (pronounced [tɛlɛˈvizja ˈpɔlska]; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network.

After 2015, when the right-wing populist Law and Justice (PiS) party won the Polish parliamentary election, TVP progressively aligned with the speaking points of the PiS government. In the run-up to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, TVP was designated as a "propaganda arm" of PiS by European media and as "a factory of hate" by the Polish opposition. However, after the electoral victory of the opposition party the Civic Platform in 2023, a newly-appointed Minister of Culture began a restructuring of the broadcaster and its news segment. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Charles Pitts (broadcaster)
Charles Pitts (July 24, 1941 – May 21, 2015) was an American gay activist and radio personality. He co-hosted The New Symposium on New York City's WBAI from 1968 to 1969, the first weekly public radio program to offer an affirming discussion of homosexuality by openly gay hosts. After the Stonewall Riots, he co-founded the Gay Liberation Front in New York City and continued his audio activism through the program Homosexual News. From 1971 to 1973, his weekly WBAI show Out of the Slough broke barriers as the first freeform radio show centered on gay politics and culture.

WBAI
WBAI (99.5 FM) is a non-commercial, listener-supported radio station licensed to New York, New York. Its programming is a mixture of political news, talk and opinion from a left-leaning, liberal or progressive viewpoint, and eclectic music. The station is owned by the Pacifica Foundation with studios located in Brooklyn and transmitter located at 4 Times Square.
Langston City Herald
The Langston City Herald was an African American newspaper in Langston, Oklahoma. Edward P. McCabe founded the paper in 1891 for the express purpose of increasing black settlement into the Oklahoma Territory. It claimed some of the responsibility for the establishment and expansion of Langston, which McCabe envisioned as a kind of "black mecca". The paper dissolved in 1898.

Black mecca
A black mecca, in the United States, is a city to which African Americans, particularly singles, professionals, and middle-class families, are drawn to live, due to some or all of the following factors:

superior economic opportunities for black people, often as assessed by the presence of a large black upper-middle and upper class

black businesses and political activism in a city

leading black educational institutions in a city

a city's leading role in black history, arts, music, food, and other cultures

harmonious black-white race relations in a city

New York City, in particular Harlem, was referred to as a black mecca during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and still is as of today. Atlanta has also adopted the name and has been referred to as a black mecca since the 1970s, while Black Enterprise has referred to Houston as the emerging equivalent.
Poovilangu
Poovilangu (transl. Floral cuff) is a 1984 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Ameerjan, starring Murali and Kuyili, the latter in her acting debut. It was released on 23 March 1984. The film is a remake of the Kannada film Prema Parva (1983). This film made Mohan into Poovilangu Mohan after acting in this film, for his critically acclaimed performance.

Kuyili (actress)
Kuyili is an Indian actress and dancer who has acted and performed in multiple South Indian films. She also acted in many TV serials. She is famous for the song "Nila Athu Vaanathu Mela" in Mani Ratnam’s Nayakan (1987), in which she performed an item number, balancing on a moving boat.
Nandini Ramani
Nandini Ramani is a Bharatanatyam exponent, dance critic, Sanskrit drama actress cum director and academician from Chennai, India. She is the daughter of V. Raghavan, a Sanskrit scholar and musicologist. She received several awards, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for overall contribution. She held several positions including the executive board member of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, member of the general council of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, and the secretary of the Madras Music Academy.

V. Raghavan
Venkataraman Raghavan (1908–1979) was a Sanskrit scholar and musicologist. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Padma Bhushan and the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit, and authored over 120 books and 1200 articles.
Choi Yang-do
Choi Yang-do (Korean: 최양도; born 1953) is a South Korean agricultural biotechnologist. His research focuses on the development of crops with stress-tolerant and yield-enhancing traits. One of his academic achievements is the discovery of a new jasmonate which enhances resistance against external stress of the crop. Choi is currently professor at Seoul National University in South Korea.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Age of the Ram
Age Of The Ram is an upcoming album by Charley Crockett, set to be released on Lone Star Rider through Island Records on April 3, 2026. The album was the third and final part in Crockett's Sagebrush Trilogy of albums, that began with the release of Lonesome Drifter in March 2025.

Lonesome Drifter
Lonesome Drifter is the fourteenth studio album by American country singer Charley Crockett. It was released on March 14, 2025, through Lone Star Rider under Island Records. The album marked Crockett's first release in his Sagebrush Trilogy of albums.
Roger Bisby
Roger Lawrence Bisby (born 16 November 1952) is an English television presenter, journalist and plumber, known for his YouTube channel  Skill Builder and his expertise in the British building industry. He was the building expert on the long-running British consumer affairs television series Watchdog and then later Rogue Traders, both for the BBC.

Rogue Traders (TV programme)
Rogue Traders is a BBC One investigative/undercover consumer affairs television programme starring Matt Allwright, an investigative journalist, and Dan Penteado, a private investigator and Allwright's co-host. The show focuses on investigating and exposing the dubious work practices of tradespeople and businesses who have received complaints against them from their customers, often through the use of hidden cameras and rigged situations, sometimes sending members of the show's research team undercover to secretly record any training methods taught to a business' employees that is suspicious or unethical.

The programme ran for nine series between 2001 and 2009, before it was decided to incorporate Rogue Traders' format as a multi-part segment for the long-running consumer series Watchdog; the segment retained the show's name after its merger in 2009. In 2012, Penteado was removed from the show, after he was jailed for benefit fraud.
Mittlere Petermann Range
The Mittlere Petermann Range (German: Mittlere Petermannkette, 71°30′S 12°28′E﻿ / ﻿71.500°S 12.467°E﻿ / -71.500; 12.467) is one of the Petermann Ranges in Antarctica, extending north–south for 17 nautical miles (31 km) from the Johnson Peaks to Store Svarthorn Peak, in the Wohlthat Mountains, Queen Maud Land. The range was discovered and plotted from air photos by the Third German Antarctic Expedition of 1938–39, and so named by them for its middle position in the northern part of the Petermann Ranges.

Wohlthat Mountains
71°35′S 12°20′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 12.333°E﻿ / -71.583; 12.333
Wohlthat Mountains (German: Wohlthatmassiv) is a large group of associated mountain features consisting of the Humboldt Mountains, Petermann Ranges, and the Gruber Mountains, located immediately east of the Orvin Mountains in Fimbulheimen in the central Queen Maud Land. Discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for Prussian State Councilor Helmuth Wohlthat, who as economist and fiscal officer dealt with the organization of the expedition.

The area was reconnoitered and aerially photographed by the 5th Indian Antarctic Expedition (Nov 1985-Mar 1986) with a three-month temporary summer camp established there. The area was revisited by later Indian Antarctic expeditions.
Clapham High Street railway station
Clapham High Street is a station on the Windrush line of the London Overground, located in Clapham in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is 6 miles 21 chains (10.1 km) measured from London Bridge, the former LC&DR platforms also being 2 miles 25 chains (3.7 km) measured from London Victoria.

There is an out-of-station interchange with Clapham North tube station on the Northern line of the London Underground, located 200 metres (660 ft) walk away from Clapham High Street station. Southeastern services from Lewisham pass through the station, however proposals to call at the station have been limited by the age of Southeastern’s rolling stock.

Windrush line
The Windrush line is the service operated by London Overground on the East London line and South London line, running north to south through the East and South areas of London. The East London line was previously a line of the London Underground. Prior to the name being adopted in November 2024, the service was labelled in Transport for London timetables as the "Highbury & Islington to New Cross, Clapham Junction, Crystal Palace and West Croydon route".