hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage stamps and postal history of British East Africa
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of British East Africa.

Britain had interests in this area as early as 1824. Missionaries are known to have settled in the area in 1844. The Imperial British East Africa Company obtained a concession in 1887 to administer this area, from Sultan Bargash of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. The company started to experience financial difficulties in 1891. The situation was made more difficult in 1892 when Britain declared the Sultanate of Zanzibar part of the Congo Free Trade Zone and thus depriving the company of import duties. On 1 July 1895, the British government took over the administration of this area when the company was facing bankruptcy.

East Africa Protectorate
East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was a British protectorate in the African Great Lakes, occupying roughly the same area as present-day Kenya, from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west part. Controlled by the United Kingdom in the late 19th century, it grew out of British commercial interests in the area in the 1880s and remained a protectorate until 1920 when it became the Colony of Kenya, save for an independent 16-kilometre-wide (10 mi) coastal strip that became the Kenya Protectorate.
Colin Bell (footballer, born 1961)
Colin Bell (born 5 August 1961) is an English football manager and former player, who is managing the China U-20 women. He previously coached the South Korea women's national team when he led the team to the 2022 Women's Asian Cup where his team finished runner ups to China. He earned reputation when he won the 2014–15 UEFA Women's Champions League with 1. FFC Frankfurt.

Colin is originally from Leicestershire and has 2 brothers and 3 sisters.

2014–15 UEFA Women's Champions League
The  2014–15 UEFA Women's Champions League was the 14th edition of the European women's club football championship organised by UEFA. The final was played on 14 May 2015 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark, Berlin, Germany. Unlike recent years in which the Women's Champions League final was held in the same week as the men's Champions League final, the two finals were separated by almost a month, as the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup starts in early June.

German side Frankfurt defeated French side Paris Saint-Germain 2–1 in the final to win a record fourth title.
Kindle Vildor
Kindle Lee Vildor (born December 11, 1997) is an American professional football cornerback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Georgia Southern Eagles and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round of the 2020 NFL draft. He has also played for the Tennessee Titans and the Detroit Lions.

Georgia Southern Eagles football
The Georgia Southern Eagles football program represents Georgia Southern University in football as part of the Sun Belt Conference. The current head coach is Clay Helton. The Eagles have won six FCS (I-AA) national championships and have produced two Walter Payton Award winners. Georgia Southern first continuously fielded a football team in 1924, but play was suspended for World War II and did not return until 1981. The Eagles competed as an FCS independent from 1984 to 1992 and as a member of the Southern Conference from 1993 to 2013, winning 10 SoCon championships. In 2014, Georgia Southern moved to the FBS level and joined the Sun Belt Conference, winning the conference championship outright in its first year. Georgia Southern's main Sun Belt rivals are Appalachian State and Georgia State.
Happy Dragon Chinese Restaurant
Happy Dragon Chinese Restaurant is a family-operated Chinese restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. The business was established in Independence in 2013 and relocated to 82nd Avenue in the northeast Portland part of the Montavilla neighborhood in 2018.

Happy Dragon also operated an outpost at Spirit Mountain Casino, a Native American casino operated by the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon in Grand Ronde, from 2022 to 2024.

Independence, Oregon
Independence is a city in Polk County, Oregon, United States, on the west bank of the Willamette River along Oregon Route 51, and east of nearby Monmouth.  It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty square blocks of the oldest part of Independence form the National Register of Historic Places-listed Independence Historic District.

The population was 9,828 at the 2020 census.
Woodend railway station, Victoria
Woodend railway station is a regional railway station on the Deniliquin line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the north-western suburb and town of Woodend, in Victoria, Australia. Woodend station is a ground level premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 8 July 1861.

The disused Carlsruhe station is located between Woodend and Kyneton stations.

Deniliquin railway line
The Deniliquin railway line (also known as the Bendigo railway line or the Echuca railway line) is a broad-gauge railway line serving north-western Victoria, Australia. The line runs from the New South Wales town of Deniliquin into Bendigo, before turning south-south-east towards Melbourne, terminating in Docklands near the central business district. It is a major trunk line both for passenger and freight trains, with many lines branching off from it.
Josef Protschka
Josef Protschka (born 5 February 1944) is a German operatic tenor who also sang lieder and oratorio and made many recordings. He performed as the vocal soloist in Stockhausen's electronic composition Gesang der Jünglinge at age 12. A long-term member of the Cologne Opera, he appeared at international opera houses and festivals, with a focus on Mozart's roles such as Tamino. As an academic voice teacher, he was rector of the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln from 2002 to 2009.

Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln
The Cologne University of Music (German: Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln) is a public university of music and dance located in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Established in 1850 as the Conservatorium der Musik in Coeln, it is one of the largest music academies in Europe, with approximately 1,400 students and over 100 professors.
Bay Ridge Branch
The Bay Ridge Branch is a rail line in New York City, owned by the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and operated by the New York and Atlantic Railway. It is the longest freight-only line of the LIRR, connecting the Montauk Branch and CSX Transportation's Fremont Secondary (to the Hell Gate Bridge) at Glendale, Queens, with the Upper New York Bay at Bay Ridge, Brooklyn.

Car float service provided by New York New Jersey Rail operates between Greenville Yard at Greenville, Jersey City and the 65th Street Yard at the Bay Ridge end of the line.

New York and Atlantic Railway
The New York and Atlantic Railway (NY&A) (reporting mark NYA) is a short line railroad on Long Island, within the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of New York. It was formed in 1997 to provide freight service over the tracks of the Long Island Rail Road, a public commuter rail agency which had decided to privatize its freight operations. A subsidiary of the Anacostia Rail Holdings Company, NY&A  operates exclusively on Long Island and is connected to the U.S. mainland via CSX's Fremont Secondary over the Hell Gate Bridge. It also interchanges with New York New Jersey Rail's car float at the 65th Street Yard and US Rail of New York in Yaphank, New York. Its primary freight yard is Fresh Pond Junction in Queens. It has another yard, Pine Aire Yard, in northern Bay Shore, New York. The NY&A officially took over Long Island Rail Road's freight operations on May 11, 1997, with an initial franchise for 20 years.
N-Shares
N-Shares (Chinese: N股) refers to Chinese companies listed on the NYSE, NASDAQ, or the NYSE MKT. The term stands for New York. They may or may not be incorporated in China, but they have their main business operations in mainland China. Most of them are incorporated in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Nevada or Delaware. If they have been incorporated in mainland China, they trade as ADRs of H Shares. If they have been incorporated in Hong Kong, they trade as ADRs of Red chips. If they have been incorporated in Nevada, Delaware or Florida, they might have originated as reverse mergers. Most N-Shares are the American exchange equivalent of P-Chips.

However, the term N-Shares may only refer to private sector Chinese companies incorporated outside China, which excludes ADRs of H Shares or Red chips.

As of December 2010, the SEC is investigating frauds by publicly traded Chinese companies.

American depositary receipt
An American depositary receipt (abbreviated ADR, and sometimes spelled depository) is a negotiable security that represents securities of a foreign company and allows that company's shares to trade in the U.S. financial markets.

Shares of many non-U.S. companies trade on U.S. stock exchanges through ADRs, which are denominated and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, and may be traded like regular shares of stock. ADRs are also traded during U.S. trading hours, through U.S. broker-dealers. ADRs simplify investing in foreign securities because the depositary bank "manage[s] all custody, currency and local taxes issues".

The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges on the New York Curb Exchange, the American Stock Exchange's precursor.

They are the U.S. equivalent of a global depository receipt (GDR). Securities of a foreign company that are represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares (ADSs).
Real Life (novel)
Real Life is the 2020 debut novel of Alabama-born American writer Brandon Taylor. Described as a campus novel and a coming-of-age novel, the partly autobiographical book tells of the experiences of a gay, Black doctoral student in a predominantly White, Midwestern PhD program.

Bildungsroman
In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn] ⓘ) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth and change of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood (coming of age). The term comes from the German words Bildung ('formation' or 'education') and Roman ('novel').
Paris by Night 52
Paris by Night 52: Giã Từ Thế Kỷ is a Paris by Night program produced by Thúy Nga that was filmed at the Terrace Theater in Long Beach, California. The MCs were Nguyễn Ngọc Ngạn and Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên. This show was released on VHS in 1999. On December 31, 2016, the show was uploaded in its entirety to the official Thúy Nga Productions YouTube channel.

Thúy Nga Productions
Thúy Nga Inc. (listenⓘ) (dba Thúy Nga Productions, variously referred to as Thúy Nga Incorporated, Thúy Nga Paris, and Trung Tâm Thúy Nga) is an American entertainment company founded in 1984 in Paris, and currently based in Westminster, California. The private company is known for its Vietnamese-oriented entertainment, such as the variety show and direct-to-video series Paris by Night, and music released as part of the record label Thúy Nga Music.
Division of Sydney
The Division of Sydney is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is centred on and named after the city of Sydney, the state capital. The division encompasses Sydney CBD and surrounding areas to the south and west, as well as Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.

Since 1998 its MP has been Tanya Plibersek of the Labor Party.

1998 Australian federal election
A federal election was held on 3 October 1998 to elect members of the 39th Parliament of Australia. All 148 seats of the House of Representatives and 40 seats of the 76 seat Senate were up for election. The incumbent centre-right Liberal/National Coalition government led by Prime Minister John Howard of the Liberal Party and coalition partner Tim Fischer of the National Party defeated the centre-left Australian Labor Party opposition led by Opposition Leader Kim Beazley, despite losing the nationwide popular and two-party preferred vote. However, the Australian Labor Party gained seats compared to the previous election.

Entering parliament at this election were future Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard, future Liberal deputy leader and future Minister of Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop, future Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Swan and future Speaker Anna Burke.
Plexippus tsholotsho
Plexippus tsholotsho is a species of jumping spider in the genus Plexippus that lives in South Africa and Zimbabwe. It was first described in 2011 by the Polish arachnologist Wanda Wesołowska. The species was first found in the Zimbabwean district of Tsholotsho, after which the species is named. Only the female has been described. It is a large spider, with a cephalothorax 4 mm (0.16 in) long and abdomen 5.2 mm (0.20 in) long. It is generally dark brown in colour, with a lighter brownish orange tint to the rear of the carapace and a white stripe along the body of the abdomen. It is distinguished from the otherwise similar Plexippus paykulli in the shape of the copulatory ducts in the epigyne and the presence of significant sclerotization around the gonopores.

Plexippus paykulli
Plexippus paykulli is a species of jumping spider. It is native to Southeast Asia, but now has a cosmopolitan distribution. In the United States it is commonly known as the pantropical jumping spider. It is usually associated with buildings and may be found near light sources catching insects attracted by the light. It is named in honor of Gustaf von Paykull.
VK Chemes Humenné
VK Chemes Humenné was a volleyball club based in the city of Humenné, Slovakia, which played in the Slovak Extraliga until the 2014–2015 season [sk]. Founded as VK Linda Chemes Humenne in 1996, the club changed its name to Chemes Humenne in 2002. Chemes is the second most successful volleyball team in Slovakia after VKP Bratislava.

Between the years 2007 to 2015, volleyball had been the biggest sport in Humenné. Chemes had been successful both in the senior field and in its work with youth. During those years, the club had achieved its highest success, winning the Slovak Men's Volleyball League 4 times. In the late months of 2014, the main sponsor cut its ties with Humenné, resulting in the club not participating in the first division. The club later relocated to Spišská Nová Ves and got renamed to ŠK Chemes Spišská Nová Ves after its termination of its cooperation with the Humenné city authorities.

VK Slovan Bratislava
VK Slovan Bratislava is Slovak volleyball team based in Bratislava founded in 1946. VKP are considered the most successful club in Slovakia, having won the Slovak league 11 times, the Czechoslovak league three times and the Slovak Cup 7 times.

In 2025, the club completely re-branded its self, changing its name from VKP Bratislava to VK Slovan Bratislava. They also changed their club logo.
Darnell Dinkins
Darnell Joseph Dinkins (born January 20, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers. Dinkins played in the NFL for the New York Giants, Baltimore Ravens, Cleveland Browns, and New Orleans Saints. He was later the tight ends coach for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights.

Rutgers Scarlet Knights football
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program represents Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Rutgers competes as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Prior to joining the Big Ten, the Scarlet Knights were a member of the American Athletic Conference (formerly the Big East Conference) from 1991 to 2013. Rutgers plays its home games at SHI Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey. The team is currently led by head coach Greg Schiano. The Scarlet Knights football team is also notable for playing in the first college football game in 1869, in which the Scarlet Knights won by the score 6–4.
Cuddalore Port Junction railway station
Cuddalore Junction (station code: CUPJ) is an NSG–5 category Indian railway station in Tiruchirappalli railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a junction station serving the City of Cuddalore. The station is a part of the Trichy division of the Southern Railway zone and its official code is CUPJ. Its old name is Cuddalore Junction and the station code then was COT.

Tiruchirappalli railway division
Tiruchirappalli railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has its administrative headquarters located at Tiruchirappalli. It serves most of the districts of delta region and Central Tamil Nadu.
Heart Digital
Heart Digital was a digital radio network of stations that broadcast on DAB Digital Radio in the North East of England (on the MXR North East multiplex), the North West of England (MXR North West), Yorkshire (MXR Yorkshire), South Wales and the West of England (MXR Severn Estuary) and in Central Scotland (Switch Scotland), as part of the Heart network.

Heart Digital is now closed; listeners now hear Heart London or a local Heart service instead. Global also used this same approach with their Galaxy branded stations, where Galaxy Yorkshire replaced Galaxy Digital.

Heart (radio network)
Heart is a network of thirteen independent adult contemporary radio stations in the United Kingdom, broadcasting a mix of local and networked programming, although only the stations in Scotland and Wales still have their own shows. Ten of the stations are owned and operated by Global, while the other three are owned and operated under separate franchise agreements. The national version of the network is widely available on Global Player, Freeview, Sky, Freesat, Virgin Media and Digital One DAB.

According to RAJAR as of Q4 2025, the entire Heart network has been named "UK biggest radio brand," receiving 12.71 million weekly listeners, beating edgily behind their rival station BBC Radio 2 (with 12.7 million). Heart Breakfast, hosted by Jamie Theakston and Amanda Holden, has 4.1 million listeners, on par with BBC Radio 1 morning show, hosted by Greg James.
John C. Shabaz
John Cyrus Shabaz (June 25, 1931 – August 31, 2012) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge. He served 30 years as a United States district judge for the Western District of Wisconsin, and was Chief Judge between 1996 and 2001. Earlier in his career, he represented Waukesha County in the Wisconsin State Assembly for 16 years as a Republican, serving as minority leader from 1973 to 1981.

United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
43°04′25″N 89°23′21″W﻿ / ﻿43.0737°N 89.3891°W﻿ / 43.0737; -89.3891

The United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin (in case citations, W.D. Wis.) is a federal court in the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on June 30, 1870.

As of July 1, 2025 the acting United States attorney is Chadwick M. Elgersma.
Battle of Sondani
The Battle of Sondani was a large military encounter fought in 528 CE, between the Alchon Hun king Mihirakula and a confederation of Indian rulers led by King Yashodharman of Malwa and King Narasimhagupta of the Gupta Empire.

Narasimhagupta
Narasimhagupta (Gupta script:  Na-ra-si-ṅha-gu-pta) Baladitya was the Gupta Emperor from 495 to 530. He was son of Purugupta and probably the successor of Budhagupta. Hiuen Tsang refers to him as the king of Magadha.
Terrell Groggins
Terrell Groggins is an American photojournalist from Detroit, Michigan. He is best known for his black-and-white sports photo of boxer Claressa Shields, which won several awards including first place in the Press/Sports category of the International Photography Awards and third prize in the Sports Category of the World Press Photo Contest. The photo was selected by The Guardian as one of "50 photographs that reshaped sport". His work is held in the permanent collection of the University of Arizona Center for Creative Photography.

World Press Photo
World Press Photo Foundation is an independent, non-profit organization based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Founded in 1955, the organization holds the annual World Press Photo Contest for press photography. Since 2011, World Press Photo has organized a separate annual contest for journalistic multimedia productions, and, in association with Human Rights Watch, the annual Tim Hetherington Grant.
Twilight Zone accident
On July 23, 1982, a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter crashed at Indian Dunes in Valencia, California, during the making of Twilight Zone: The Movie. The crash killed actor Vic Morrow and child actors Myca Dinh Le and Renee Shin-Yi Chen, who were on the ground, and injured the six helicopter passengers. It led to years of civil and criminal actions against the personnel overseeing the film shoot, including director John Landis, and the introduction of new procedures and safety standards in the US filmmaking industry.

Valencia, Santa Clarita, California
Valencia is a neighborhood in Santa Clarita located within Los Angeles County, California. It is one of the four unincorporated communities (along with Saugus, Newhall, and Canyon Country) that merged to create the city of Santa Clarita in 1987. It is situated in the western part of Santa Clarita, stretching from Lyons Avenue to the south (on the border with Newhall) to north of Copper Hill Drive, and from Interstate 5 east to Bouquet Canyon and Seco Canyon Roads. Valencia was founded as a master-planned community with the first development, Old Orchard I, built on Lyons Avenue behind Old Orchard Elementary School.
Levente Bősze
Levente Bősze (born 18 February 2009) is a Hungarian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the under-19 (Campionato Primavera 2) team of Serie A club Como, on loan from Slovak First Football League club Dunajská Streda.

Slovak First Football League
The Slovak First Football League (Slovak: 1. slovenská futbalová liga), officially known as Niké liga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Slovakia and the highest level of the Slovak football league system. It was formed in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. The record for most titles is fifteen, held by Slovan Bratislava, who are the current title holders.
Yvette Jaggi
Yvette Jaggi (born 11 February 1941) is a Swiss politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she served in both the National Council and the Council of States. She was the first woman to be elected as mayor of Lausanne in 1989. From 1998 to 2005, she served as the president of Pro Helvetia. In 2013, Jaggi was made as a Commandeur of the Ordre national du Mérite.

Council of States (Switzerland)
The Council of States is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the other house  being the National Council. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism.

It comprises 46 members. Twenty of the country's cantons are represented by two councillors each. Six cantons, traditionally called "half cantons", are represented by one councillor each for historical reasons. These are Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden. The councillors serve for four years, and are not bound in their vote to instructions from the cantonal authorities.