hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
INAS 313
The Indian Naval Air Squadron 313 (INAS 313) is a maritime reconnaissance squadron of the Indian Navy based at Chennai. The squadron was commissioned on 22 July 2019 and operates the Dornier 228 twin-turboprop aircraft under the Eastern Naval Command of the Navy.

Maritime patrol
Maritime patrol or maritime reconnaissance is the task of monitoring areas of water. Generally conducted by military and law enforcement agencies, maritime patrol is usually aimed at identifying human activities.

Maritime patrol refers to active patrol of an area, as opposed to passive monitoring systems such as sound-detection fixtures or land-based spotters.  A patrol consists of a ship, submarine, aircraft or satellite examining the patrolled area and seeking out activities to be identified and reported.  Maritime patrol is critical in wartime situations for navies to locate enemy forces to engage or defend against.  Peacetime patrols are important for interdiction of criminal activities and for ensuring legal use of waters.

Maritime patrols can be conducted by surface ships and submarines, by aircraft (e.g. MPA) and other aerial vehicles, and even by satellites.  Human spotting remains an important part of detecting activity, but increasingly electronic systems are used.
Raymond Sandover
Raymond Ladais Sandover, DSO, ED (28 March 1910 – 12 August 1995) was a brigadier in the Australian Army. During the Second World War, he commanded the 2/11th Battalion from 1941 to 1943 and the 6th Australian Infantry Brigade between 1943 and 1945.

Promoted to brigadier in May 1943, at the time he was the youngest officer in the Australian Army to hold that rank.

6th Brigade (Australia)
The 6th Combat Support Brigade was an Australian Army brigade. First formed in 1912 as a Militia formation to provide training under the compulsory training scheme, the brigade was re-raised during the First World War as an infantry unit of the all volunteer Australian Imperial Force. It subsequently served at Gallipoli and in France and Belgium on the Western Front. In the 1920s, as part of a reorganisation of the Australian Army, it became part of the 3rd Military District of the Citizens Military Force, encompassing units from Victoria and South Australia. In 1991, it became part of the Ready Reserve Scheme, based at Enoggera Barracks, in Brisbane, Queensland, before being disbanded in 1996 when the scheme was discontinued. The brigade was re-raised on 1 March 2010 to oversee the Army's command support and intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (CS & ISTAR) units. It was disbanded on 13 December 2024 as part of changes to the structure of the Army.
2018 USAC AMSOIL National Sprint Car Championship
The 2018 USAC AMSOIL National Sprint Car Championship is the 63rd season of sprint car racing sanctioned by USAC. The 2018 season will feature 45 races on dirt tracks across the United States. The season will begin with Winter Dirt Games at Bubba Raceway Park on February 15, and will end with the Oval Nationals at Perris Auto Speedway on November 10.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
Endo contractualization
Endo (derived from "end-of-contract") refers to a short-term de facto employment practice in the Philippines. It is a form of contractualization in which companies provide workers with temporary "employment" that lasts for less than six months (or strictly speaking, 180 calendar days) and then terminate their employment just before they can be regularized, in order to skirt the costs that come with the benefits of regularization. Some examples of such benefits are the de jure "employer-and-employee relationship"-mandated SSS, PhilHealth, and Pag-IBIG Fund contributions, paid time off (leaves), and a 13th month pay, among others.

Social Security System (Philippines)
The Social Security System (SSS; Filipino: Paseguruhan ng mga Naglilingkod sa Pribado) is a state-run social insurance program in the Philippines to workers in the private, professional and informal sectors. SSS is established by virtue of Republic Act No. 1161, better known as the Social Security Act of 1954. This law was later amended by Republic Act No. 8282 in 1997. Government employees, meanwhile, are primarily covered under a separate state-run pension fund by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) - they can also join the SSS at their own cost.
Rebecca Salsbury James
Rebecca Salsbury James (1891–1968) was a self-taught American painter, born in London, England of American parents who were traveling with the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show.  She settled in New York City, where she married photographer Paul Strand.  Following her divorce from Strand, James moved to Taos, New Mexico where she fell in with a group that included Mabel Dodge Luhan, Dorothy Brett, and Frieda Lawrence.  In 1937 she married William James, a businessman from Denver, Colorado who was then operating the Kit Carson Trading Company in Taos. She remained in Taos until her death in 1968.

James is noted for her "large scale flower blossoms and still lifes painted on glass."  She also worked on colcha embroidery, a traditional Hispanic New Mexico craft style.

Colcha embroidery
Colcha embroidery from the southwest United States is a form of surface embroidery that uses wool threads on cotton or linen fabric. During the Spanish Colonial period, the word colcha referred to a densely embroidered wool coverlet. In time, the word also came to refer to the embroidery stitch that was used for these coverlets, and then began to be used on other surfaces. The colcha stitch is self-couched, with threads applied at a 45-degree angle to tie down the stitch. Originally, the wool threads were dyed naturally, using plants or insects, such as cochineal. Both materials used and design motifs have varied over time.: 112
Jarrett Horst
Jarrett Horst (born February 7, 2000) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Ellsworth CC, Arkansas State, and Michigan State.

Ellsworth Community College
Ellsworth Community College is a public community college in Iowa Falls, Iowa.  It was founded as Ellsworth College in 1890 by Eugene S. Ellsworth.  Originally a private business academy, it later became a four-year college, a music conservatory, and a public junior college before being absorbed into the Iowa Valley Community College District in 1968.
RAF Southrop
Royal Air Force Southrop or more simply RAF Southrop is a former Royal Air Force Satellite Station west of the village of Southrop, Gloucestershire during the Second World War from August 1940 to November 1945.

It had three grass runways, It was used as a Relief Landing Ground for Airspeed Oxford and North American Harvard training aircraft for No. 23 Group RAF.

The defences included a double pillbox.

The following units were here at some point:

No. 2 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF

No. 2 Service Flying Training School RAF

No. 3 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit RAF

No. 6 Service Flying Training School RAF

No. 27 Group Communication Flight RAF

No. 27 (Signals Training) Group RAF

No. 1539 (Beam Approach Training) Flight RAF

No. 2 Flying Training School RAF
No.2 Flying Training School is a Flying Training School (FTS) of the Royal Air Force (RAF). It is part of No. 22 (Training) Group that delivers glider flying training to the Royal Air Force Air Cadets. Its headquarters is located at RAF Syerston in Nottinghamshire and gliding takes places from several sites throughout the UK using the Grob Viking T1. The RAF Central Gliding School is also under its command.

Throughout its history, No. 2 FTS has had various roles including being the first military flying school to use jet-powered aircraft throughout pilot training.
James Rushforth
James Rushforth is a British photographer, mountaineer, climber, and travel writer, especially known for his two guide book series, on Iceland and the Dolomites. He is also known for his travel, nature, landscape, and extreme sport photographs, many of which have been recognized at the International Photography Award, the Siena International Photo Award, and the Px3 – Prix de la Photographie. Rushforth's photos have been displayed in national newspapers, travel magazines, and other media.

Guide book
A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet.

Travel guides or guide books can also take the form of travel websites.
Little Piney River
The Little Piney River is a 7.6-mile-long (12.2 km) tributary of the Piney River in Amherst County in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Via the Piney and Tye rivers, it is part of the James River watershed.

The Little Piney River runs from the George Washington Forest, down Page Mountain, and feeds into the Big Piney River at the foot of the mountain. Both Piney Rivers straddle the boundaries of Nelson County and Amherst County.

Amherst County, Virginia
Amherst County is a county, located in the Piedmont region and near the center of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Lynchburg metropolitan area, and its county seat is also named Amherst.

Amherst County was created in 1761 out of Albemarle County, and it was named in honor of Lord Jeffery Amherst, the so-called "Conqueror of Canada". In 1807 as population increased, the county was reduced in size in order to form Nelson County. Tobacco was the major cash crop of the county during its early years. The labor-intensive crop was worked and processed by enslaved Africans and African Americans before the American Civil War.

As of the 2020 census, the population of the county was 31,307.
Alvin Jackson (musician)
Alvin "AJ" Jackson was an American jazz double bassist.

His first performances were in a high school band with his younger brother, Milt Jackson, Willie Anderson, Lucky Thompson, Art Mardigan, and George Sirhagen, c. 1939–40.

About 1947, he was playing with Tommy Flanagan’s trio with Kenny Burrell, before briefly joining the house band led by Billy Mitchell at Detroit's Blue Bird Inn, before leading it himself in 1955.

The Billy Mitchell-led house band comprised Flanagan, Tate Houston and Milt Jackson, who had just returned from touring with Woody Herman.

While Alvin Jackson was leading the house band at the Blue Bird in 1955 the line-up comprised Yusef Lateef, Donald Byrd, Bernard McKinney, Barry Harris, and drummers Art Mardigan or Frank Gant.

In September 1959, with house drummer Frank Gant, he backed Thelonious Monk and Charlie Rouse at Detroit's Club 12.

Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.
Jeff Speakman
Jeff Speakman (born November 8, 1958) is an American actor and a martial artist in the art of American Kenpo and Japanese Gōjū-ryū, earning black belts in each. Between 2008 and 2018, he was President of the International Kempo Federation. He is known for starring in the 1991 action film The Perfect Weapon.

Black belt
In East Asian martial arts, the black belt is associated with expertise, but may indicate only competence, depending on the martial art. The use of colored belts is a relatively recent invention dating from the 1880s.
Sokół Nisko
Miejski Klub Sportowy Sokół Nisko (lit. 'Municipal Sports Club Sokół Nisko'), commonly referred to as Sokół Nisko (Polish pronunciation: [sɔˈkuw niskɔ]), is a Polish football club based in Nisko, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. In the 2024–25 season, they compete in the IV liga Subcarpathia, after winning the Stalowa Wola group of the regional league the season prior. The club's name literally means falcon in Polish, and it comes from the Polish Gymnastic Society Sokół.

Liga okręgowa
The liga okręgowa (in some voivodeship named klasa okręgowa, , lit. 'Regional League'  or 'Regional Class') is one of the tiers of the Polish football league system. The league is split into 60 groups, and is present in every voivodeship. Teams promoted from liga okręgowa move up to the IV liga, whilst relegated teams descend to the Klasa A leagues. In 12 out of 16 voivodeship, liga okręgowa stands as the sixth tier of league competition.

There are four exceptions - the Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovian and Silesian voivodeships, where the V liga exists as the sixth level, whereas the liga okręgowa represents the seventh level - teams promoted from liga okręgowa move up to the V liga, whilst relegated teams descend to the Klasa A groups.
35th Division (Spain)
The 35th Division (Spanish: 35.ª División) was a division of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War.

This unit was established in March 1937 in order to gather certain scattered units of the International Brigades under one command, therefore it was also known as the 35th International Division (35.ª División Internacional). It took part in some of the major battles of the conflict such as Brunete, Teruel and the Battle of the Ebro persistently being afflicted by numerous casualties, especially in the latter.

XI International Brigade
The XI International Brigade fought for the Spanish Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War.

It would become especially renowned for providing desperately needed support in the darkest hours of the Republican defense of Madrid on 8 November 1936, when, with great losses, it helped repulse a major assault by veteran Nationalist troops, buying time for more Republican troops to be brought into the city.
Qarlung
Qarlung, Charlung (چارلۇڭ يېزىسى; Qia'erlong, Chinese: 恰尔隆乡; pinyin: Qià'ěrlóng Xiāng) is a town of Akto County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Located in the southeast of the county, the town covers an area of 3,242 square kilometers with a population of 5,258 (as of 2015). It has 5 administrative villages under its jurisdiction.

Village (China)
Villages (Chinese: 村; pinyin: Cūn), formally village-level divisions (村级行政区; Cūn Jí Xíngzhèngqū) in China, serve as a fundamental organizational unit for its rural population (census, mail system). Basic local divisions like neighborhoods and communities are not informal, but have defined boundaries and designated heads (one per area). In 2000, China's densely populated villages (>100 persons/square km) had a population greater than 500 million and covered more than 2 million square kilometers, or more than 20% of China's total area. By 2020, all incorporated villages (with proper conditions making it possible) had road access, the last village to be connected being a remote village in Sichuan province's Butuo County.
Paul Doyle (politician)
Paul Robert Doyle (born April 30, 1963) is an American politician who served as a Democratic state senator of Connecticut's 9th State Senate District 2007 from to 2019. A resident of Wethersfield, Doyle represented the southern suburbs of Hartford in the Connecticut Senate, including the towns of Cromwell, Middletown, Newington, Rocky Hill, and Wethersfield. He is currently a Connecticut superior court judge.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Contact tension
Contact tension (also known as the contact electromotive force) is a force suggested by Alessandro Volta in 1800 to explain how electricity is generated in an electric battery or, as it was then called, the Voltaic pile. The validity of this model versus one based upon chemical reactions was debated for much of the 19th century in what has been called the Galvani-Volta controversy. While it was not the appropriate explanation for batteries, this model (which is now called the contact or Volta potential) is valid science. It plays an important role in contact electrification as well as in many areas of semiconductor physics such as p–n junctions. This only became apparent much later after a more complete understanding of phenomena such as work functions evolved based upon quantum mechanics.

Volta potential
The Volta potential (also called Volta effect, Volta potential difference, contact potential difference, outer potential difference, Δψ, or "delta psi") in electrochemistry, is the electrostatic potential difference between two metals (or one metal and one electrolyte) that are in contact and are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Specifically, it is the potential difference between a point close to the surface of the first metal and a point close to the surface of the second metal (or electrolyte).

The Volta potential is named after Alessandro Volta.
Lehigh and Hudson River Railway
The Lehigh and Hudson River Railway (L&HR) was the smallest of the six railroads that were merged into Conrail in 1976. It was a bridge line running northeast–southwest across northwestern New Jersey, connecting the line to the Poughkeepsie Bridge at Maybrook, New York, with Easton, Pennsylvania, where it interchanged with various other companies.

Maybrook, New York
Maybrook is a village in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 3,150 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

It is located mostly in the town of Montgomery, but a small portion is in the town of Hamptonburgh. It is also defined by the 427 telephone exchange in the 845 area code and the 12543 ZIP code, as well as its own eponymous fire district.
Cyber Monday
Cyber Monday is a marketing term for the Monday after Thanksgiving in the United States, to encourage e-commerce and online shopping. It is closely related to Black Friday, which occurs three days before. The date falls between November 26 and December 2, depending on the year.

Ellen Davis of the National Retail Federation coined the term "Cyber Monday" in a press release on November 28, 2005.
Since its inception, it has become a marketing term used by online retailers around the world.

In 2017, Cyber Monday online sales grew to a record of $6.59 billion, compared with $2.98 billion in 2015 and $2.65 billion in 2014. However, the average order value was $128, down slightly from 2014's $160. The Cyber Monday on November 30, 2020 (the first during the COVID-19 pandemic) was the biggest online shopping day in US history, with a total of $10.7 billion in online spending.

National Retail Federation
The National Retail Federation (NRF) is the world's largest retail trade association.  Its members include department stores, catalog, Internet, and independent retailers, restaurants, grocery stores, multi-level marketing companies and vendors.

NRF represents the largest private-sector industry in the United States that contains over 3.8 million retail establishments, supporting more than 52 million employees.
Pan Am Flight 526A
Pan Am Flight 526A, a Douglas DC-4, took off from San Juan-Isla Grande Airport, Puerto Rico, at 12:11 PM AST on April 11, 1952 on a flight to Idlewild International Airport, New York City with 64 passengers and five crew members on board. Due to inadequate maintenance, engine no. 3 failed after takeoff, followed shortly by engine no. 4.
Nine minutes after takeoff, the aircraft ditched in rough seas 18 kilometres (11 mi) NW of San Juan Airport, broke apart and sank after three minutes. Panicking passengers refused to leave the sinking wreck. 52 passengers were killed, and 17 passengers and crew members were rescued by the United States Coast Guard. After this accident, it was recommended to implement pre-flight safety demonstrations for over-water flights.

Water landing
In aviation, a water landing is, in the broadest sense, an aircraft landing on a body of water. Seaplanes, such as floatplanes and flying boats, land on water as a normal operation. Ditching is a controlled emergency landing on the water surface in an aircraft not designed for the purpose, and it is a very rare occurrence. Controlled flight into the surface and uncontrolled flight ending in a body of water (including a runway excursion into water) are generally not considered water landings or ditching, but are considered accidents. Most times, ditching results in aircraft structural failure.
Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein
Prince Karl Aloys von Liechtenstein (16 September 1878 – 20 June 1955) was an Imperial and Royal cavalry master until the fall of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918, and from 1918 to 1920 he was the Governor of Liechtenstein.

He was the fifth son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein and uncle of Franz Joseph II.

Rittmaster
Rittmaster (German: Rittmeister, lit. 'riding/cavalry master') is usually a commissioned officer military rank used in a few armies, usually equivalent to Captain. Historically it has been used in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Scandinavia, and some other countries.

A rittmeister is typically in charge of a squadron (a company-sized unit called a "troop" in the United States, as opposed to the U.S. cavalry squadron of larger battalion size), and is the equivalent of a Hauptmann rank (or captain in most army branches).
Stephen Isabalija
Stephen Robert Isabalija is a Ugandan civil servant, management professional, accountant, academic and academic administrator. He is the immediate past permanent secretary in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development in Uganda, having served in that capacity from November 2016, until his termination on 24 August 2017.

Prior to that, he served as the vice chancellor of Victoria University Uganda, a private, for-profit university owned by the Ruparelia Group, a business conglomerate in East Africa. He served in that capacity from September 2013 until November 2016.

Victoria University Uganda
Victoria University Uganda (VUU), also known as Victoria University Kampala, is a chartered University by the Uganda National Council for Higher Education (NCHE). It offers short, professional, diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate courses.