hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tom Mack
Thomas Lee Mack (born November 1, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1999.

A native of Cleveland, Ohio, Mack played college football as an end and tackle for the Michigan Wolverines from 1963 to 1965. He was a starter on the 1964 Michigan team that won the Big Ten Conference championship and defeated Oregon State in the 1965 Rose Bowl.  He was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player in 1965 and was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 2006.

Mack was selected by the Rams with the second overall pick of the 1966 NFL draft and played at left guard for the Rams for 13 seasons from 1966 to 1978. During his NFL career, Mack played in 11 Pro Bowls and appeared in 184 consecutive games, 176 as a starter, over 13 seasons.

End (gridiron football)
In gridiron football, an end is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles.  Rules state that a legal offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage and that the player on each end of the line is an eligible receiver who can catch forward passes.  There are two types on offense: the split end, or wide out, and the tight end. On defense, the position name survives in the name of the defensive end; in function, this position no longer corresponds to its offensive counterparts, which are defended more commonly by the edge rusher (which is sometimes a defensive end depending on formation) against the tight end and the cornerback against the split end.

It is also used in terminology such as an end run.
Saint Estephe (horse)
Saint Estephe (24 February 1982 – 19 April 1998) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. Unraced as a juvenile, he proved himself to be a high-class middle-distance performer in 1985 when he won the Prix Maurice de Nieuil and was placed in the Prix Hocquart, Prix du Lys, Prix Niel and Prix du Conseil de Paris. In the following year, he was even better, winning the Prix d'Harcourt and finishing third in the Prix Ganay before recording his greatest success in the Coronation Cup. He went on to finish second in the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud and the Prix du Prince d'Orange before sustaining a career-ending injury in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. He was retired to stud in France and had some success as a breeding stallion before dying at the age of sixteen in 1998.

Prix Ganay
The Prix Ganay is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) at Longchamp in late April or early May.
Redstone Old Fort
Redstone Old Fort — written as Redstone or Red-Stone Fort  or (for a short time when built) Fort Burd — on the Nemacolin Trail, was the name of the French and Indian War-era wooden fort built in 1759 by Pennsylvania militia colonel James Burd to guard the ancient Indian trail's river ford on a mound overlooking the eastern shore of the Monongahela River (colloquially, just "the Mon") in what is now Fayette County, Pennsylvania, near, or (more likely) on the banks of Dunlap's Creek at the confluence. The site is unlikely to be the same as an earlier fort the French document as Hangard dated to 1754 and which was confusedly, likely located on the nearby stream called Redstone Creek. Red sandstones predominate the deposited rock column of the entire region.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
History of investment banking in the United States
Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke established the first modern American investment bank during the Civil War era. However, private banks had been providing investment banking functions since the beginning of the 19th century and many of these evolved into investment banks in the post-bellum era.  However, the evolution of firms into investment banks did not follow a single trajectory.  For example, some currency brokers such as Prime, Ward & King and John E. Thayer and Brother moved from foreign exchange operations to become private banks, taking on some investment bank functions.  Other investment banks evolved from mercantile firms such as Thomas Biddle and Co. and Alexander Brothers.

Jay Cooke
Jay Cooke (August 10, 1821 – February 16, 1905) was an American financier who helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of railroads in the northwestern United States. He is generally acknowledged as the first major investment banker in the United States and creator of the first wire house firm.
Fernand Tovondray
Fernand Tovondray (born 12 May 1944) is a Malagasy high jumper and hurdler. Tovondray would compete at the 1968 Summer Olympics, representing Madagascar in men's athletics. He would be the first Malagasy athlete to represent the nation in the 110 metres hurdles and high jump at an edition of the Olympic Games. Prior to the Summer Games, he would set a high jump personal best.

Tovondray first competed in the heats of the men's 110 metres hurdles. He would place last in his heat and would not advance to the semifinals of the event. He would then compete in the men's high jump but would place 30th in the qualifying round and would not advance to the finals of the event.

Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles competition at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico was held at the University Olympic Stadium on October 16–17. Thirty-three athletes from 24 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Willie Davenport of the United States, the nation's eighth of nine consecutive victories and the 14th overall gold medal in the event for the Americans. Eddy Ottoz's bronze was Italy's first medal in the event.
Samuel Gross (Calder)
Samuel Gross (1897) is a bronze statue by sculptor Alexander Stirling Calder that was created as a monument to the American surgeon Dr. Samuel D. Gross (1805–1884). It was commissioned for and originally installed at the Army Medical School in Washington, D.C., on what is now the National Mall.

In April 1970, it was relocated to the campus of Jefferson Medical College (now Thomas Jefferson University) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It currently stands on the Sidney and Ethal Lubert Plaza, within the square bordered by 10th, Walnut, 11th and Locust Streets.

Army Medical School
The Army Medical School (AMS) was founded by U.S. Army Brigadier General George Miller Sternberg. According to some, it was the world's first school of public health and preventive medicine. (The other institution vying for this distinction is the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (1916).) The AMS ultimately became the Army Medical Center (1923), then the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (1953).
Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Kay Kyser's Greatest Hits
Kay Kyser's Greatest Hits is a 1962 compilation album featuring music made famous by American bandleader Kay Kyser released by Capitol Records. While Kyser himself was not present at the recording session, former members of his orchestra Harry Babbitt, Mike Douglas, Trudy Erwin, Ish Kabibble, Jack Martin, Sully Mason, Ginny Simms, and Gloria Wood reunited to make re-recordings of their original Columbia Records hits.

In addition, satirist Stan Freberg impersonated Kay Kyser's voice to recreate the song introductions.

The 1962 re-recorded track for "Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition" was featured in the 2018 video game Fallout 76.

Ginny Simms
Virginia Ellen Simms (May 25, 1913  – April 4, 1994) was an American popular singer and film actress.

Simms sang with big bands and with Dinah Shore, Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Jo Stafford, among others. She also worked as an MGM and Universal film actress and appeared in 11 movies from 1939 to 1951, when she retired.
Acrosin
Acrosin is a digestive enzyme that acts as a protease.  In humans, acrosin is encoded by the ACR gene. Acrosin is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction.  It aids in the penetration of the Zona Pellucida.

Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Christmas in the Heart
Christmas in the Heart is the thirty-fourth studio album and first Christmas album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on October 13, 2009, by Columbia Records. The album comprises a collection of hymns, carols, and popular Christmas songs. All Dylan's royalties from the sale of this album benefit the charities Feeding America in the US, Crisis in the UK, and the World Food Programme in perpetuity.

Dylan said that, although he was born and raised Jewish he never felt left out of Christmas during his childhood in Minnesota. Regarding the popularity of Christmas music, he said, "... it's so worldwide and everybody can relate to it in their own way".

The album opened at No. 1 on the Billboard Holiday Album chart, No. 5 on the Folk Album chart, No. 10 on the Rock Album chart and No. 23 on the overall album charts. As with most of Dylan's 21st century output, he produced it himself under the pseudonym Jack Frost.

Crisis (charity)
Crisis is the UK national charity for people experiencing  homelessness. The charity offers year-round education, employment, housing and well-being services from centres in East London, Newcastle, Oxford, Edinburgh, South Wales, Croydon, Brent and Merseyside, called Crisis Skylight Centres.

As well as year-round services the charity runs Crisis at Christmas, which since 1972 has been offering food, warmth, companionship and support services to homeless people over the Christmas period. In 2016 almost 4,600 homeless people visited Crisis at Christmas.

Since its inception Crisis has been a campaigning organisation, lobbying government for political change that prevents and mitigates homelessness based on research commissioned and undertaken by the organisation.

Matt Downie OBE has been the chief executive of Crisis since 2022.
Decline and Fall (song)
"Decline & Fall" is a song by Manic Street Preachers, released as the lead single from their 15th studio album Critical Thinking, on 29 August 2024, with a YouTube lyric video released on 3 September 2024. The song was written by Manics band members Nicky Wire, James Dean Bradfield and Sean Moore, but also gives credit to Chris Difford and Glenn Tilbrook of the band Squeeze as it features a rhythmic sample from the breakdown in the middle of their 1979 hit "Cool for Cats".

Nicky Wire
Nicholas Allen Jones (born 20 January 1969), known as Nicky Wire, is a Welsh musician, best known as lyricist, bassist and secondary vocalist of the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers.

Prior to the group, Wire studied politics at university: this would later influence his lyrical work. He was co-writer of the band's lyrics (alongside Richey Edwards) from 1989 to 1995, and has been the band's primary lyricist since 1995, following Edwards' disappearance. In addition to his work with Manic Street Preachers, Wire has released two solo albums, I Killed the Zeitgeist in 2006 and Intimism in 2023.
Gene Rounsaville
Virle Gene Rounsaville  (born September 27, 1944) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in eight games for the Chicago White Sox in 1970.

In Rounsaville's last major league appearance, he was one of three pitchers who each gave up a home run to Paul Blair of the Baltimore Orioles.

Paul Blair (baseball)
Paul L. D. Blair (February 1, 1944 – December 26, 2013) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder from 1964 through 1980, most notably as the center fielder for the Baltimore Orioles dynasty that won four American League pennants and two World Series championships between 1966 and 1971. He also played for the New York Yankees and the Cincinnati Reds.

A two-time All-Star player, Blair excelled as a defensive player, winning the Gold Glove Award eight times, including seven consecutive years from 1969 to 1975.  One of the best defensive outfielders of his era, and "perhaps the finest" he had excellent range and was brilliant at tracking fly balls. He challenged hitters by playing shallow, then running down balls hit over his head. In 1984, Blair was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame.
Govinda Krishna Yachendra
Maharaja Lieut. Sir Velugoti Govinda Krishna Yachendra KCIE ADC (1879–1937) was an Indian nobleman. He was the Maharaja  of Venkatagiri in Nellore district from 1917 to 1937. He was the 29th Maharaja of Venkatagiri. He belonged to the royal Velugoti Dynasty of the Padmanayaka Velamas.

Venkatagiri estate
The Venkatagiri estate was an estate in the erstwhile Madras Presidency. It was located in the Nellore district of the present-day Andhra Pradesh. The town of Venkatagiri was the administrative headquarters.
Rocketboy
Rocketboy was an American Christian rock band formed in Covington, Georgia, in 1993. Commonly categorized simply as Christian rock, Rocketboy's musical style was heavily influenced by a hodge-podge of mainstream artists such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Jimmy Buffett and Vigilantes of Love.

The band initially performed under the name "The Pain" (also known as "Cain's Pain"). After signing a record contract with R.E.X. Records in 1995, the name "Rocketboy" was formally adopted.

R.E.X. Records
R.E.X. Records, also known as R.E.X. Music, was an independent record label founded by Doug Mann and Gavin Morkel, which operated from 1987 until running into financial difficulty in 1995. Operations were based in Chicago until 1990 when the company moved to Nashville. The label was artistic in nature, and though they were especially active in the Christian metal genre some acts (such as Circle of Dust) were also marketed to mainstream audiences. Sublabels included Storyville Records and Street Level Records, founded by Randy Stonehill.
S-Network Global Indexes
S-Network Global Indexes, Inc. was an American company that published and developed proprietary and custom stock market indexes.  In 2022 it was acquired and merged with Alerian to form a new company VetttaFi. Founded in 1997, S-Network specialized in smart beta and thematic indexes that served as the basis for ETFs until its products we merged under VettaFi.

Exchange-traded fund
An exchange-traded fund (ETF) is a type of investment fund that is also an exchange-traded product; i.e., it is bought and sold on stock exchanges. ETFs own financial assets such as stocks, bonds, currencies, debts, futures contracts, and/or commodities such as gold bars. Many ETFs provide some level of diversification compared to owning an individual stock.
Peg-billed finch
The peg-billed finch (Acanthidops bairdi) is a passerine bird endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama. Despite its name, it is not a true finch, but now recognized as a member of the tanager family (Thraupidae), after being long placed in the Emberizidae. It is the only member of the genus Acanthidops. The scientific name commemorates the American ornithologist Spencer Fullerton Baird.

Spencer Fullerton Baird
Spencer Fullerton Baird (/ˈbɛərd/; February 3, 1823 – August 19, 1887) was an American naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and museum curator. Baird was the first curator to be named at the Smithsonian Institution. He eventually served as assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian from 1850 to 1878, and as Secretary from 1878 until 1887. He was dedicated to expanding the natural history collections of the Smithsonian which he increased from 6,000 specimens in 1850 to over 2 million by the time of his death. He also served as the U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries from 1871 to 1887 and published over 1,000 works during his lifetime.
2nd Army Corps (Azerbaijan)
The 2nd Army Corps (Azerbaijani: 2-ci Ordu Korpusu), also referred to as the Beylagan Army Corps is a regional military formation of the Azerbaijani Land Forces. It is concentrated against Armenian occupied territories, specifically the Khojavend District, and is also partially deployed on the Azerbaijan–Iran border. It is currently led by Major General Mais Barkhudarov. It is currently deployed from Beylagan. Among their notable servicemen is Eyvaz Huseynov, the head of the Khojavend District Executive Power.

Beylagan (city)
39°46′32″N 47°37′07″E﻿ / ﻿39.77556°N 47.61861°E﻿ / 39.77556; 47.61861

Beylagan (Azerbaijani: Beyləqan (listen)ⓘ) is the administrative centre of the Beylagan District of Azerbaijan. During the Soviet era, it was renamed Zhdanovsk (Russian: Ждановск) after close Stalin associate Andrei Zhdanov. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the city reverted in 1991 to its original name. Beylagan is one of the oldest towns in Azerbaijan. It is located in the triangle between the Kura and Aras rivers in the Mil plain.
Miss Ecuador 2019
Miss Ecuador 2019 was the 69th edition of the Miss Ecuador pageant. The Gala Finale was held on July 19, 2019. Virginia Limongi crowned her successor, Cristina Hidalgo from Guayaquil, at the end of the event. The winner represented Ecuador at Miss Universe 2019 pageant.

Miss Ecuador
Miss Ecuador is a national beauty pageant in Ecuador. The current Miss Ecuador is Eunice Rivadeneira from Guayas. She won the title on 17 August 2024, and will represent Ecuador at Miss International 2025.
Jenny James (orienteer)
Jenny James  is a British orienteer.

She competed at the 1999 World Orienteering Championships in Inverness, where she placed fourth in the relay with the British team.

She won a bronze medal in the relay with the British team at the 2000 European Orienteering Championships in Truskavets, along with Yvette Baker and Heather Monro.

At the 2001 World Orienteering Championships in Tampere, she placed fifth with the British relay team.

She was British Champion in 2001, and Nights Champion in 1997 and 2000.

Heather Monro
Heather Monro (born 4 September 1971) was the second British female orienteer to win a world championship medal. She came 5th at the World Orienteering Championships in 2001. At the 2003 World Orienteering Championships she was the highest placed British Female coming Fourteenth place over the 11.8 km race. At the 2005 World Orienteering Championships she took the bronze medal in the sprint distance. She also came third at the World Games in the same year.

One of Heather's most notable victories came in the 2003 O-Ringen. She has also won the British Orienteering Championships in all four individual disciplines, the only woman to do so, and has won the JK Orienteering Festival 5 times, as well as winning the inaugural JK Sprint.

She runs for South London Orienteers and Halden SK in  Norway. She is a member of the British Athletes Commission (BAC) executive committee.
Clitocybe strigosa
Clitocybe strigosa is a species of mushroom-forming fungus first described by the Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja in 1969. It is characterized by its chestnut to greyish-brown, hygrophanous cap, pale yellow spore print with a faint greyish tint, and cyanophilic spores that readily absorb blue dyes due to their mucilaginous outer layer. This saprotrophic fungus grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, often in deep moss carpets under spruce or beech, and occasionally on calcareous heaths above the tree line. The species shows a disjunct distribution in Fennoscandia, occurring in both alpine, calcareous zones and southern boreal lowland zones.

Calcareous
Calcareous (/kælˈkɛəriəs/) is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is  used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.
William Drennan Andrews
William Drennan Andrews PC (1832–1924) was an Irish judge who served for many years as the Probate Judge. He was the uncle of Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet, the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, (whose career he did much to foster), J. M. Andrews, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and Thomas Andrews, architect of the Titanic. There is a sympathetic sketch of his character in The Old Munster Circuit by Maurice Healy. He was a grandson of William Drennan, the United Irishman leader, and his wife Sarah Swanwick.

Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet
Sir James Andrews, 1st Baronet, PC (NI) (3 January 1877 – 18 February 1951) was Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and brother of Prime Minister J. M. Andrews and Thomas Andrews, builder of the RMS Titanic.
Cold trap
In vacuum applications, a cold trap is a device that condenses all vapors except the permanent gases (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) into a liquid or solid.  The most common objective is to prevent vapors being evacuated from an experiment from entering a vacuum pump where they would condense and contaminate it. Particularly large cold traps are necessary when removing large amounts of liquid as in freeze drying.

Cold traps also refer to the application of cooled surfaces or baffles to prevent oil vapours from flowing from a pump and into a chamber. In such a case, a baffle or a section of pipe containing a number of cooled vanes, will be attached to the inlet of an existing pumping system. By cooling the baffle, either with a cryogen such as a dry ice mixture, or by use of an electrically driven Peltier element, oil vapour molecules that strike the baffle vanes will condense and thus be removed from the pumped cavity.

Vacuum pump
A vacuum pump is a type of pump device that draws gas particles from a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum. The first vacuum pump was invented in 1650 by Otto von Guericke, and was preceded by the suction pump, which dates to antiquity.