hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)

Air commodore
Air commodore (Air Cdre or Air Cmde) is an air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.

Air commodore is immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal. It is usually equivalent to a commodore or a brigadier/brigadier general.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "air commandant".
Gleeden
Gleeden is a French online dating service and social networking service specialised in extramarital relationships, that was launched in 2009. Over 65% of users reside in the European Union.

Gleeden's membership service is free for women to use. The name of the site is a portmanteau of “Glee” and “Eden” (referring to the biblical “Garden of Eden”).

Affair
An affair is a relationship typically between two people, one or both of whom are either married or in a long-term monogamous or emotionally-exclusive relationship with someone else. The affair can be solely sexual, solely physical, solely emotional, or a combination of these.

The relationship is commonly concealed and is generally understood to violate the exclusivity expectations of the primary partnership. The partner outside the primary relationship in an affair is sometimes called a "paramour". Affairs are often emotionally lopsided in that paramour will be the only one to heavily invest themselves into the affair.

A fling usually refers to a brief or casual romantic/sexual involvement, whereas an affair is more often ongoing.
West Midlands Gas Board
The West Midlands Gas Board was a state-owned utility area gas board providing gas for light and heat to industries and homes in parts of Cheshire, Herefordshire, Leicestershire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire (including Birmingham) and Worcestershire.

It was established on 1 May 1949 under the terms of the Gas Act 1948, and dissolved in 1973 when it became a region of the newly formed British Gas Corporation, British Gas West Midlands, as a result of the Gas Act 1972.

Gas board
The area gas boards were created under the provisions of the Gas Act 1948 enacted by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government. The act nationalised the British gas industry and also created the Gas Council.
Bam Bam (wrestler)
Jesús Guillermo Anaya Cortés is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, best known by his ring name Bam Bam, a Mini-Estrella, or "Mini" wrestler. Anaya made his professional wrestling debut in 2002 and has worked mainly for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), where he is a former CMLL World Mini-Estrella Champion. He is the son of professional wrestler Popitekus, Jr. who also helped train him for his pro wrestling career.

Mini-Estrella
The term Mini-Estrella (Spanish for "Mini-Star") is used in lucha libre to describe a division of short professional wrestlers or luchadors, some of whom have dwarfism. The Mexican Mini-Estrellas are comparable to midget wrestlers who compete internationally, but with the notable exception that some of the Mini-Estrellas do not have dwarfism but are simply short. Some Mini-Estrellas have later on moved on to work as regular sized competitors. The Mini-Estrellas have been featured in several promotions outside Mexico, most notably World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Originally the height limit for the Minis division as set by Mexican lucha commissions was 1.53 m (5 ft 0 in) but in recent years wrestlers such as Pequeño Olímpico have worked the Minis division despite being as much as 1.59 m (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) tall. In the formative years of Mini-Estrella wrestling, the Mini-Estrellas were also referred to as Micro Luchadors, or "Micro Wrestlers".
Gregorio Weber
Gregorio Weber (4 July 1916 – 18 July 1997) was an Argentinian scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of fluorescence spectroscopy and protein chemistry. Weber was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1975.

Fluorescence spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample. It involves using a beam of light, usually ultraviolet light, that excites the electrons in molecules of certain compounds and causes them to emit light; typically, but not necessarily, visible light. A complementary technique is absorption spectroscopy. In the special case of single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, intensity fluctuations from the emitted light are measured from either single fluorophores, or pairs of fluorophores.

Devices that measure fluorescence are called fluorometers.
Grail Prince
Grail Prince, a 2003 novel by American author Nancy McKenzie written in the tradition of Arthurian legends, recounts a version of Galahad's quest for the Holy Grail. The novel is a sequel to McKenzie's Queen of Camelot (2002).

Matter of Britain
The Matter of Britain (French: matière de Bretagne; Welsh: Mater Prydain; Cornish: Mater Brythain; Breton: Afer Breizh-Veur) is the body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and Brittany and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur. The 12th-century writer Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) is a central component of the Matter of Britain.

It was one of the three great Western story cycles recalled repeatedly in medieval literature, together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne and his companions, as well as the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical mythology and classical history. Its pseudo-chronicle and chivalric romance works, written both in prose and verse, flourished from the 12th to the 16th century.
New York State Route 267
New York State Route 267 (NY 267) was an east–west state highway in the western portion of New York in the United States. It extended for 7.16 miles (11.52 km) from an intersection with NY 93 in the Erie County village of Akron to a junction with NY 77 in the Genesee County hamlet of Basom. Part of NY 267 in Genesee County passed through the Tonawanda Indian Reservation. The portion of NY 267 within Erie County was assigned c. 1935. NY 267 was extended east to NY 77 in Basom in the late 1930s, replacing New York State Route 77A, a spur leading from NY 77 to the eastern edge of the Tonawanda Reservation. The Erie County segment of the route was transferred from the state of New York to Erie County in April 1980, leading to the total removal of the NY 267 designation in August of that year.

Genesee County, New York
Genesee County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,388. Its county seat is Batavia. Its name is from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "the Beautiful Valley". The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1803. The county is part of the Finger Lakes region of the state.

Genesee County comprises the Batavia, NY micropolitan statistical area, which is also in the Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY combined statistical area. It is in Western New York. It is the namesake of Genesee County, Michigan; that is, the Michigan county was named for Genesee County, New York.
Carraça
Rui Filipe Caetano Moura (born 1 March 1993), known as Carraça, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays mainly as a right-back for Liga Portugal 2 club Chaves.

Developed at Boavista, he went on to make 181 Primeira Liga appearances, also representing Porto (who loaned him to B-SAD and Gil Vicente) and Chaves.

G.D. Chaves
Grupo Desportivo de Chaves (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃavɨʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Chaves, is a Portuguese professional football club from Chaves, who are playing in the Liga Portugal 2. They were founded in 1949 and currently play at Estádio Municipal Eng. Manuel Branco Teixeira. Their home kit is red-and-blue striped shirt with blue shorts and socks, and the away kit is all white. Their current president is Bruno Carvalho and their manager is Moreno. Chaves have competed in the Portuguese First Division 18 times and had their best finish of fifth-place in the 1989–90 season. They went to Europe in the 1987–88 season, where they played in the UEFA Cup, beating Romanian side Universitatea Craiova in the first round and losing to Hungarian team Budapest Honvéd in the next round.
Chris Richards (soccer)
Christopher Jeffrey Richards (born March 28, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center-back for Premier League club Crystal Palace and the United States national team.

A youth player for FC Dallas in his home country, Richards began his professional career with Bundesliga club Bayern Munich, initially playing for the club's reserve team. After loan spells at 1899 Hoffenheim, he was signed by Premier League club Crystal Palace in 2022, where he won the FA Cup in 2025.

A former youth player for his country, Richards received his first senior call-up for the United States in 2020. He won the CONCACAF Nations League in 2023; scoring in the final, and 2024. He won the U.S. Soccer Player of the Year award for 2025.

FC Bayern Munich II
FC Bayern Munich II (FC Bayern Munich Amateure until 2005) are the reserve team of German association football club Bayern Munich, currently playing in the Regionalliga Bayern. In 2010–11, they played in the 3. Liga, having qualified for its inaugural season in 2008, and have consistently played at the third level of German football (the highest permissible level for reserve teams) – they played in the Regionalliga Süd from its formation in 1994 to 2008, when it was usurped by the 3. Liga. They have generally achieved at least mid-table finishes at this level, and won the Regionalliga Süd title in 2004. In 2010–11, Bayern II finished last in the 3. Liga, and were thus relegated to the Regionalliga. They afterwards regained promotion by winning the 2018–19 Regionalliga and won the 3. Liga in 2019–20. The following season, they were relegated from the 3. Liga after an 18th-place finish.
Defence Helicopter Flying School
The Defence Helicopter Flying School (DHFS) was a military flying school based at RAF Shawbury in Shropshire, England. The school, established in 1997, was a tri-service organisation and trained helicopter aircrews for all three British armed forces. It initially used the Eurocopter Squirrel HT1 and Bell Griffin HT1 helicopters, which were retained despite the introduction of the Airbus Juno HT1 and Airbus Jupiter HT1.

The school was re-badged as No. 1 Flying Training School during February 2020 and continues to provide helicopter training for the British armed forces.

Eurocopter EC135
The Airbus Helicopters H135 (formerly Eurocopter EC135) is a twin-engine civil light utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters. It is capable of flight under instrument flight rules and is outfitted with a digital automatic flight control system. First flying in February 1994 and developed from the prototype Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) Bo 108, it entered service in 1996. 1,400 units have been delivered up to September 2020, to 300 operators in 60 countries, accumulating over 5 million flight hours. It is mainly used for air medical transport (medevac), corporate transport, law enforcement, offshore wind support, and military flight training. Half of the units in service are in Europe and a quarter in North America. The H135M, certified under the name Eurocopter EC635, is a military variant, so the overall design is known as the Airbus Helicopters H135 and the military version, as the Airbus Helicopters H135M.
Arohia Durie
Arohia Ernestine, Lady Durie (née Kōhere) is a New Zealand Māori educationalist. She was the first professor of Māori education at Massey University, where she was appointed full professor in 2001. Durie led the development of the first te reo Māori immersion graduate course. She retired from the university before or during 2010. Durie's husband is psychiatrist Mason Durie, and their son, Meihana, is also a professor at Massey University.

Huia Jahnke
Huia Jahnke, sometimes known as Huia Tomlins-Jahnke, is a New Zealand academic. She is Māori, of Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Toa Rangātira, Ngāi Tahu and Ngāti Hine descent and as of 2018 is a full professor of Māori and indigenous education at Massey University.

After a master's degree in education and a PhD at Massey University she joined the staff and rose to full professor and head of the school of education.

Jahnke is married to Bob Jahnke, a professor in the art faculty at Massey.
Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands
"Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands" is the official territorial song of the British Virgin Islands (often called the BVI). The song was composed by brother and sister team Kareem Nelson Hull and Ayana Hull, both Virgin Islanders. It was adopted as the territorial song by resolution of the House of Assembly of the Virgin Islands on 24 July 2012. As a British Overseas Territory, the Virgin Islands retains "God Save the King" as its official national anthem.

House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands
The House of Assembly of the British Virgin Islands, until 2007 known as the Legislative Council, has 15 members: 13 directly elected for four-year terms (nine in single-seat constituencies and four "at large"), and two ex officio members (the Attorney General and a Speaker chosen from outside the house).

Sittings of the House of Assembly are divided into "terms" with each term following from a general election. The House of Assembly is presently sitting its fourth term, but the first term of the House of Assembly followed the 15th term of the old Legislative Council. Accordingly, in aggregate the legislature is sitting its 19th term since the restoration of democracy in the Territory. Each term has a series of "sittings". At the end of each sitting the House is either prorogued until the next sitting, or dissolved for a general election.

The Corine George-Massicote was elected Speaker of the House on 26 May 2022. The official record is Hansard.
Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra
The Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (Sanskrit: बृहत् पराशर होरा शास्त्र; IAST: bṛhat parāśara horā śāstra; abbreviated to BPHS) is the most comprehensive extant Śāstra on Vedic natal astrology, in particular the Horā branch (predictive astrology, e.g. horoscopes). Though ascribed to Maharṣi Parāśara, the origin and date of the original composition is unknown. The most popular version of the BPHS consists of 97 chapters, a 1984 translation by R. Santhanam.

Maharishi
Maharishi (Sanskrit: महर्षि, lit. 'great seer', IAST: Maharṣi) is a Sanskrit word used for members of the highest order of ancient Indian sages, popularly known in India as "seers", i.e., those who engage in research to understand and experience nature, divinity, and the divine context of existence, and these experiences' governing laws.
Mike McMeeken
Michael Joseph McMeeken (born 10 May 1994) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row or prop forward for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League and England at international level.

He has previously played for the London Broncos, Castleford Tigers and the Catalans Dragons in the Super League. He has spent time on dual registration at the London Skolars and the Hemel Stags in League One.

McMeeken has played for England at international level and featured in the 2017 and 2021 Rugby League World Cups.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Timeline of special relativity and the speed of light
This timeline describes the major developments, both experimental and theoretical, of:

Einstein’s special theory of relativity (SR),

its predecessors like the theories of luminiferous aether,

its early competitors, i.e.:
Ritz’s ballistic theory of light,
the models of electromagnetic mass created by Abraham (1902), Lorentz (1904), Bucherer (1904) and Langevin (1904).

This list also mentions the origins of standard notation (like c) and terminology (like theory of relavity).

Paul Langevin
Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.

He was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of widowed Marie Curie. He is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the Panthéon.
Esoteric Buddhism (book)
Esoteric Buddhism is a book originally published in 1883 in London; it was compiled by a member of the Theosophical Society, A. P. Sinnett. This is the most significant theosophical work of the author.  It was one of the first books written for the purpose of explaining theosophy to the general public, and was "made up of the author's correspondence with an Indian mystic."

Despite the name and purported origin, academics do not believe that the book records traditional Buddhist practices.  According to Goodrick-Clarke, it "disseminated the basic teachings of Theosophy in its new Asian cast."

Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (15 January 1953 – 29 August 2012) was a British historian and professor of Western esotericism at the University of Exeter, best known for his authorship of several scholarly books on the history of occultism in Nazism and Western esotericism, including The Occult Roots of Nazism, Hitler's Priestess, and Black Sun.

He edited and translated several other books, and edited two academic book series on religion and esotericism. Goodrick-Clarke was the founder and director of the Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO), and the co-founder of the European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism.
Ballolli
Ballolli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Indi taluk of Bijapur district in Karnataka.

The village of Ballolli in Bijapur District of the Famous Center, probably of Ist Standard To Pu College and The college was located in a spacious hall, Famous Shree Virabhadreswar Temple the college could attract students from different parts of the country.

Bijapur district, Karnataka
Bijapur district, officially known as Vijayapura district, is a district in the state of Karnataka in India. The city of Bijapur is the headquarters of the district, and is located 530 km northwest of Bengaluru. Bijapur is well known for the great monuments of historical importance built during the Adil Shahi dynasty.
John Tarver
John Tarver (born January 1, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1975. He played for three seasons with the New England Patriots, and went on to play for the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes.

Colorado Buffaloes football
The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level, and is a member of the Big 12 Conference.

The team was a charter member of the Big 12 before leaving to join the Pac-12 Conference after the 2010 season. After 13 seasons in the Pac-12, the team returned to the Big 12 in 2024. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference.

The team has played at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado since 1924. Their all-time record is 735–556–36 (.577 winning percentage) as of the 2025 season. Colorado won the 1990 National Championship that was shared by Georgia Tech. The team is 27th on the all-time win list and 40th in all-time winning percentage, along with two Heisman Trophy winners, Rashaan Salaam in 1994 and Travis Hunter in 2024.
Dogra Art Museum, Jammu
Dogra Art Museum, Jammu previously known as the Dogra Art Gallery is a museum of Dogra cultural heritage housed in the Pink Hall of the Mubarak Mandi complex, Jammu, India. The main attractions of the museum are the Pahari miniature paintings from Basohli.

Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
Simon Lynch
Simon George Lynch (born 19 May 1982) is a former professional footballer, who played for clubs in Scotland, England, and Australia. Born in Canada, he played for the Scotland U21 national team at international level.

Scotland national under-21 football team
The Scotland national under-21 football team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is Scotland's national under 21 football team and is considered to be a feeder team for the Scotland national football team.

As a European under-21 team, Scotland compete in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is usually held every other year. The team has qualified for the final stages of these Championships on six occasions, although not since 1996. There is no global tournament for under-21 national teams. Performance in the European Championship determines qualification for football at the Summer Olympics, which Scotland is unable to compete in.