hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Automatic number-plate recognition in the United Kingdom
Automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR) is a technology for automatically reading vehicle number plates.

Vehicle movements on UK roads are recorded by a network of 11,000 cameras that read around 50 million number plates daily. ANPR data is collated from all police forces into a central database and retained for a period of one year, at the National ANPR Data Centre (NADC), which can be accessed, analysed and used as evidence as part of investigations by UK law enforcement agencies.

The Home Office states ANPR is used by law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom to help detect, deter and disrupt criminality including tackling organised crime groups and terrorists.

The Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition government placed ANPR under statutory regulation through the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. This established a right in law to collect the data, and placed controls on its use, storage and access by third parties.

Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (c. 9) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

As the Protection of Freedoms Bill, it was introduced in February 2011, by the Home Secretary, Theresa May. The bill was sponsored by the Home Office. On Tuesday, 1 May 2012, the Protection of Freedoms Bill completed its passage through Parliament and received royal assent.
Helene Overlach
Helene Overlach (19 July 1894 – 7 August 1983) was a German Communist party official and politician. Unusually for a woman at that time, between 1928 and 1933 she served as a member of the German parliament ("Reichstag") in Berlin, representing Electoral District 22 (Düsseldorf East). During the Hitler years her relatively high political profile before 1933 earned her the close attention of the security services. She survived, despite spending much of the time during those twelve years in prisons and concentration camps: her health was badly affected.

Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin (/ˈzɛtkɪn/; German: [ˈtsɛtkiːn]; née Eißner [ˈaɪsnɐ]; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and advocate for women's rights.

Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She then joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League, which later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). She represented that party in the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933.
Kenny Jones (basketball)
Kenneth Terrell Jones (born July 22, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who formerly played for Hindú Club de Resistencia Chaco of the Torneo Nacional de Ascenso (TNA), the second-tier league in Argentina.

La Liga Argentina de Básquet
The La Liga Argentina de Básquet (abbreviated "LLA", and literally in English "The Argentine Basketball League"), previously known as the Torneo Nacional de Ascenso (abbreviated "TNA", and literally in English "National Promotion Tournament") is the second division of the Argentine basketball league system. The La Liga's predecessor is the Torneo Federal de Básquetbol, which became the third division when the LLA was created in 1992.
Pascal Lavanchy
Pascal Lavanchy (born 20 July 1968) is a French former ice dancer. With partner Sophie Moniotte, he is a two-time World medalist (1994 silver, 1995 bronze) and two-time European medalist (1995 silver, 1997 bronze).

1995 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1995 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Dortmund, Germany. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Vincent Confait
Vincent Confait (born 28 October 1959) is a Seychellois sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay and 4 × 400 metres relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics, and the 400 metres and 400 metres hurdles at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres hurdles
The men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California had an entry list of 45 competitors from 30 nations, with six qualifying heats (45 runners) and two semifinals (16) before the final (8) took place on Sunday August 5, 1984. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. American Edwin Moses won his second Olympic gold medal after 1976, while his 18-year-old teammate Danny Harris took the silver medal. Moses' gold was the United States' 13th victory in the event. He became the sixth man to win multiple medals in the event, and the second to win multiple golds. Harald Schmid of West Germany took bronze, giving the nation its first medal in the 400 metres hurdles since 1968.
Jordan Bischel
Jordan Bischel (born June 2, 1981) is an American baseball coach, former pitcher and first baseman, and current head baseball coach of the Cincinnati Bearcats. He played college baseball at St. Norbert College from 2000 to 2003. He previously served as the head coach of the Midland Warriors (2013–2014), the Northwood Timberwolves (2015–2018), and the Central Michigan Chippewas (2018-2023).

Central Michigan Chippewas baseball
The Central Michigan Chippewas baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States. The team is a member of the Mid-American Conference West division, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Central Michigan's first baseball team was fielded in 1896. The team plays its home games at Theunissen Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. On June 27, 2023, CMU alum Jake Sabol was named the Chippewas' head coach. On May 1, 2021, Jordan Patty pitched the first perfect game in CMU history.
J. Laurens Barnard
J. Laurens Barnard (also known as Jerry Laurens Barnard; February 27, 1928 – August 16, 1991) was an American zoologist, taxonomist, and carcinologist. He was noted for his contributions to amphipod taxonomy.

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.
Apexer
The Apexer (also known as Ricardo Richey) is a San Francisco-based public artist and mural painter. His works have appeared throughout US and internationally. He has done commissioned mural projects for museums including the deYoung Museum and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.

De Young Museum
The de Young Museum, formally the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, is a fine arts museum located in San Francisco, California, United States, named for early San Francisco newspaperman M. H. de Young. Located on the West Side of the city in Golden Gate Park, it is a component of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, along with the Legion of Honor. In 2024, the two combined museums were ranked 15th in The Washington Post's list of the best art museums in the U.S.

The museum received 999,645 visitors in 2023, ranking as the 22nd most-visited museum in the United States, and the 82nd most-visited art museum in the world.
Bogomolov–Miyaoka–Yau inequality
In mathematics, the Bogomolov–Miyaoka–Yau inequality is the inequality

between Chern numbers  of compact complex surfaces of general type. Its major interest is the way it restricts the possible topological types of the underlying real 4-manifold. It was proved independently by Shing-Tung Yau (1977, 1978) and Yoichi Miyaoka (1977), after Antonius Van de Ven (1966) and Fedor Bogomolov (1978) proved weaker versions with the constant 3 replaced by 8 and 4.

Armand Borel and Friedrich Hirzebruch showed that the inequality is  best possible by finding infinitely many cases where equality holds. The inequality is false in positive characteristic: William E. Lang (1983) and Robert W. Easton (2008) gave examples of surfaces in characteristic p, such as generalized Raynaud surfaces, for which it fails.

Chern class
In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles. They have since become fundamental concepts in many branches of mathematics and physics, such as string theory, Chern–Simons theory, knot theory, and Gromov–Witten invariants.
Chern classes were introduced by Shiing-Shen Chern (1946).
John Hagen
John Hagen (born April 7, 1956) is a Canadian surgeon who specializes in laparoscopic surgery and bariatrics. He served as the Chief of Surgery at Humber River Regional Hospital (HRH) from 2013 to 2020, then Chief of Staff from 2020 to 2022. Hagen was also an assistant professor and lecturer at the University of Toronto.

Humber River Hospital
Humber River Hospital is a major acute care hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in the northwest part of Toronto, near Highway 401 and Keele Street. It is a large community hospital offering emergency and intensive care services, maternal and child services along with other services such as cardiology, orthopaedic surgery and cancer care. In the 2019-2020 fiscal year there were nearly 30,000 inpatient stays with an average length of stay of 7.0 days, and 135,000 emergency department visits.
2011 Atlanta Braves season
The 2011 Atlanta Braves season was the Braves' 46th season in Atlanta, and the 141st overall. For the first time since the 1990 season, Bobby Cox did not manage the club, having retired following the 2010 season. He was succeeded by Fredi González, the former third-base coach for the Braves between 2003 and 2006. After entering the playoffs with their first franchise Wild Card berth in 2010, the Braves attempted to return to the postseason for a second consecutive season. Entering the final month of the regular season with a record of 80–55 and an 8+1⁄2-game lead in the Wild Card standings, the Braves went 9–18 in September to finish the season with a record of 89–73. This September collapse caused the team to fall one game behind the St. Louis Cardinals in the Wild Card race after the final scheduled game of the season, which consequently eliminated them from postseason contention.  On July 12, 2016, ESPN named the 2011 Braves collapse as the 25th worst collapse in sports history.

2010 Atlanta Braves season
The 2010 Atlanta Braves season was the franchise's 45th season in Atlanta along with the 135th season in the National League and 140th overall. It featured the Braves' attempt to reclaim a postseason berth for the first time since 2005. The Braves once again were skippered by Bobby Cox, in his 25th and final overall season managing the team. It was their 45th season in Atlanta, and the 135th of the franchise. Finishing the season with a 91–71 record, the Braves won the NL Wild Card, only to be eliminated in the NLDS by the San Francisco Giants in four games.
Alice (1984 album)
Alice is a compilation album of recordings by Italian singer-songwriter Alice, released by CGD in 1984.

The Alice compilation was released by Warner Music's Italian sublabel CGD after Alice had signed with EMI and had had her commercial breakthrough after winning the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Per Elisa" in 1981. The twelve track set comprises material recorded for the CBS Records label for the albums La mia poca grande età and Cosa resta... Un fiore under her then stage name Alice Visconti, originally issued in 1975 and 1977 respectively. Alice was first released on vinyl in 1984, re-released on CD in 1988 and remains in print.

The Alice compilation is not to be confused with a similar eponymously titled compilation released by EMI in 1986.

La mia poca grande età
La mia poca grande età is the debut album by Italian singer-songwriter Alice, released under the stage name "Alice Visconti" in 1975 on CBS Records.

The album was re-released on CD in Japan in 2006 in Warner Music's European Rock Collection series.
Rob Keighron
Robert E. Keighron (born December 3, 1980) is an American media personality, businessman, and politician. He formerly served as a Roman Catholic priest in the Diocese of Brooklyn before his dispensation from the clergy for personal reasons in 2014. He is known from his appearances on Sirius XM's The Catholic Guy Show with Lino Rulli from 2008 to 2014, as well as appearances with Chris Russo on various radio platforms.

Lino Rulli
Angelo Gino Armando "Lino" Rulli (born October 26, 1971) is an American radio host, author, producer, and former television host. He is currently the host of The Catholic Guy Show, which is aired on The Catholic Channel on Sirius XM Radio Channel 129.  He was also the executive producer and host of the Emmy Award-winning television series, Generation Cross. In addition to his radio and television work, Rulli has released two books, both of which discuss Catholicism in a comedic tone through personal anecdotes.  He is the personal media adviser to Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan.
House of Harcourt
The House of Harcourt is a Norman family, and named after its seigneurie of Harcourt in Normandy. Its mottos were "Gesta verbis praeveniant" (Olonde branch), "Gesta verbis praevenient" (Beuvron branch), and "Le bon temps viendra ... de France" (English branch).

In 1280 they established the Collège d'Harcourt in Paris, now the Lycée Saint-Louis at 44 boulevard Saint-Michel.

Lycée Saint-Louis
The Lycée Saint-Louis (French pronunciation: [lise sɛ̃ lwi]) is a selective post-secondary school located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, in the Latin Quarter. It is the only state-funded French lycée that exclusively offers classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE; preparatory classes for French top-level educational institutions).

Saint-Louis has educated many notable alumni, including five Nobel Prize laureates, one Fields Medalist, one President of France, as well as major intellectual figures such as Charles Baudelaire, Émile Zola and Louis Pasteur.
Cisgenderism
Cisgenderism (also called cissexism, genderism, or gender binarism) is the ideology that there are only two genders, and that one's gender should conform to one's assigned sex at birth. This normative belief stigmatizes gender nonconformity, and leads to discrimination against transgender and intersex people. It is pervasive and systematic in Western culture, and reflected in the cultural and legal practices across numerous countries.

The concept of cisgenderism originated in trans studies in order to distinguish transphobia at an interpersonal level from anti-transgender prejudice at a cultural or systemic level. This is analogous to heterosexism, as contrasted with homophobia.

Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women).

In this binary model, gender and sexuality may be assumed by default to align with one's sex assigned at birth. This may include certain expectations of how one dresses themselves, one's behavior, sexual orientation, names or pronouns, which restroom one uses, and other qualities. For example, when a male is born, gender binarism may assume that the male will be masculine in appearance, have masculine character traits and behaviors, as well as having a heterosexual attraction to females. These expectations may reinforce negative attitudes, biases, and discrimination towards people who display expressions of gender variance or nonconformity or those whose gender identity is incongruent with their birth sex.
Mnichovo Hradiště
Mnichovo Hradiště (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmɲɪxovo ˈɦraɟɪʃcɛ]; German: Münchengrätz) is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 9,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Kirttivarman I
Kirttivarman I (IAST: Kīrtti-varman; died 592) was the emperor of the Chalukya dynasty from 566 until his death in 592. He ruled parts of present-day Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

Kirttivarman was the son of his predecessor Pulakeshin I, the first sovereign ruler of the dynasty. He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.

Alupa dynasty
The Alupa dynasty was an Indian dynasty that ruled from 200 to 1444 A.D. in Southern India. They were local feudatories at different times under major dynasties such as the Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and later Vijaynagara The kingdom they ruled was known as Alvakheda Arusasira, and its territory spanned the coastal districts of the modern Indian state known as Karnataka, including Kasaragod district of present-day Kerala. The Alupas played a significant role in the political, cultural, and religious history of coastal Karnataka.
Ryan Recto
Ryan Christian Santos Recto (born March 29, 1996) is a Filipino politician, who has served as the Assistant House Majority Leader since July 29, 2025. he has concurrently served as the Representative of Batangas's sixth district, since June 30, 2025. He is the son of actress and Batangas Governor Vilma Santos and Executive Secretary Ralph Recto.

Governor of Batangas
The governor of Batangas (Filipino: Punong Lalawigan ng Batangas) is the local chief executive of the Philippine province of Batangas.  The governor holds office at the Batangas Provincial Capitol in Batangas City and its residence is at the People's Mansion located at the Provincial Government Complex. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the governor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former governor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice governor becomes the governor. Along with the governors of Cavite, Laguna, Quezon and Rizal, he sits in the Regional Development Council of the Calabarzon Region.
Tiros
Tiros is a Brazilian municipality located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 6,424 people living in a total area of 2,093 km2 (808 sq mi). The city belongs to the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaiba and to the microregion of Patos de Minas.  It became a municipality in 1924.

Patos de Minas
Patos de Minas is a city in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil.

According to the 2022 census, the municipality had a population of 159,434 inhabitants, a population density of 49.91 inhabitants per square kilometer, and an area of 3,190.456 km2 (1,231.842 sq mi). It is located in the Mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, 415 kilometers from the capital Belo Horizonte.

Its economy is based on agriculture, livestock, and mining activities, representing the 22nd largest GDP in Minas Gerais in 2020.
Rizah Mešković
Rizah Mešković (born 10 August 1947) is a Bosnian former professional football player and manager who played as a goalkeeper. At international level, he played for the Yugoslavia national team once, in 1972, and was part of the squad at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany.

Throughout his football career, both as a player and coach, Mešković had many success and received a number of awards from UEFA, FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia (FJS).

Yugoslavia national football team
The Yugoslavia national football team represented Yugoslavia in international association football.

Although the team mainly represented the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war SFR Yugoslavia, various iterations of the state were formally constituted in football, including the:

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1945)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1945)

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)

It enjoyed success in international competition, reaching the semi-finals at the 1930 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international competition as part of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia.
John Nicholas Fazakerley
John Nicholas Fazakerley (7 March 1787 – 16 July 1852) was a British Whig
politician.  He was Member of Parliament for Lincoln (1812–18),  Great Grimsby (1818–20), Tavistock (1820), Lincoln again (1826–30) and City of Peterborough (1830–41).

Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)
Peterborough is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since July 2024 by Andrew Pakes of the Labour Party.

Its current form is the direct, unbroken successor of a smaller constituency that was created in the mid-16th century returning two Members of Parliament (MPs) using the bloc vote system of election and represented in the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885. From 1885 onwards, the seat has elected one MP using the first-past-the-post system.
Mikhail Shlyapnikov
Mikhail Shlyapnikov (Russian: Михаил Шляпников) is a Russian farmer, direct counter-economic activist and entrepreneur known for creating the kolion local currency scrip, and its post-ban cryptocurrency form.

Local currency
In economics, a local currency is a currency that can be spent in a particular geographical locality at participating organisations. A regional currency is a form of local currency encompassing a larger geographical area, while a community currency might be local or be used for exchange within an online community. A local currency acts as a complementary currency to a national currency, rather than replacing it, and aims to encourage spending within a local community, especially with locally owned businesses. Such currencies may not be backed by a national government nor be legal tender. About 300 complementary currencies, including local currencies, are listed in the Complementary Currency Resource Center worldwide database.