hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular semigroup
In mathematics, a regular semigroup is a semigroup S in which every element is regular, i.e., for each element a in S there exists an element x in S such that axa = a.  Regular semigroups are one of the most-studied classes of semigroups, and their structure is particularly amenable to study via Green's relations.

Band (algebra)
In mathematics, a band (also called idempotent semigroup) is a semigroup in which every element is idempotent (in other words equal to its own square). Bands were first studied and named by A. H. Clifford (1954).

The lattice of varieties of bands was described independently in the early 1970s by Biryukov, Fennemore and Gerhard. Semilattices, left-zero bands, right-zero bands, rectangular bands, normal bands, left-regular bands, right-regular bands and regular bands are specific subclasses of bands that lie near the bottom of this lattice and which are of particular interest; they are briefly described below.
Geology of Uganda
The geology of Uganda extends back to the Archean and Proterozoic eons of the Precambrian, and much of the country is underlain by gneiss, argillite and other metamorphic rocks that are sometimes over 2.5 billion years old. Sedimentary rocks and new igneous and metamorphic units formed throughout the Proterozoic and the region was partially affected by the Pan-African orogeny and Snowball Earth events. Through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, ancient basement rock has weathered into water-bearing saprolite and the region has experienced periods of volcanism and rift valley formation. The East Africa Rift gives rise to thick, more geologically recent sediment sequences and the country's numerous lakes. Uganda has extensive natural resources, particularly gold.

Saprolite
Saprolite is a chemically weathered rock. Saprolites form in the lower zones of soil profiles and represent deep weathering of the bedrock surface. In most outcrops, its color comes from ferric compounds. Deeply weathered profiles are widespread on the continental landmasses between latitudes 35°N and 35°S.

Conditions for the formation of deeply weathered regolith include a topographically moderate relief flat enough to prevent erosion and to allow leaching of the products of chemical weathering. A second condition is long periods of tectonic stability; tectonic activity and climate change can cause erosion. The third condition is humid tropical to temperate climate.

Poorly weathered saprolite grit aquifers are capable of producing groundwater, often suitable for livestock. Deep weathering causes the formation of many secondary and supergene ores: bauxite, iron ores, saprolitic gold, supergene copper, uranium, and heavy minerals in residual accumulations.
2025 Air Canada flight attendants strike
The 2025 Air Canada flight attendants strike refers to an ongoing labour dispute between 10,517 flight attendants working with the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE), and Air Canada, that evolved into a strike from August 16–19, 2025. The strike affected flights on Air Canada and Air Canada Rouge, but not other brands under Air Canada Express, run by Jazz Aviation and PAL Airlines.

Jobs minister Patty Hajdu imposed binding arbitration, and the Canada Industrial Relations Board subsequently issued a return-to-work order, which was defied by the union. On August 19, both parties announced that they had arrived at a tentative agreement which would be subject to ratification by membership. Air Canada indicated it would start resuming flights from the same day. The vote by CUPE members to ratify the agreement began on August 27 and lasted until September 6, 2025, ending with 99.1% of voting employees rejecting the wage offer portion of the agreement.

Canada Industrial Relations Board
The Canada Industrial Relations Board (CIRB) is an independent tribunal responsible for interpreting and administering the Industrial Relations and Occupational Health and Safety sections of the Canada Labour Code.  As of August 2025, the chairperson of the board is Maryse Tremblay.
Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum
Gemini Ganeshanum Suruli Raajanum (transl. Gemini Ganesan and Suruli Rajan) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film, written and directed by Odam Ilavarasu and produced by T. Siva. The film stars Atharvaa, Soori, Aishwarya Rajesh, Regina Cassandra, Pranitha Subhash and Aaditi Pohankar. The film narrates the story of a college-time casanova heading back to deliver wedding invitations to his ex-girlfriends. The music was composed by D. Imman with cinematography by Sree Saravanan and editing by Praveen K. L. The film was released on 14 July 2017.

T. Siva
T. Siva is an Indian film producer, distributor and actor based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He has produced 23 films including Saroja and Kanimozhi. Siva owns the production company, Amma Creations. He is best known for Deiva Vaakku, Aravindhan (in which he introduced Yuvan Shankar Raja), Saroja and Aravaan.
Residence time
The residence time of a fluid parcel is the total time that the parcel has spent inside a control volume (e.g.: a chemical reactor, a lake, a human body). The residence time of a set of parcels is quantified in terms of the frequency distribution of the residence time in the set, which is known as residence time distribution (RTD), or in terms of its average, known as mean residence time.

Residence time plays an important role in chemistry and especially in environmental science and pharmacology. Under the name lead time or waiting time it plays a central role respectively in supply chain management and queueing theory, where the material that flows is usually discrete instead of continuous.

Control volume
In continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, a control volume (CV) is a mathematical abstraction employed in the process of creating mathematical models of physical processes. In an inertial frame of reference, it is a fictitious region of a given volume fixed in space or moving with constant flow velocity through which the continuuum (a continuous medium such as gas, liquid or solid) flows. The closed surface enclosing the region is referred to as the control surface.

At steady state, a control volume can be thought of as an arbitrary volume in which the mass of the continuum remains constant. As a continuum moves through the control volume, the mass entering the control volume is equal to the mass leaving the control volume. At steady state, and in the absence of work and heat transfer, the energy within the control volume remains constant. It is analogous to the classical mechanics concept of the free body diagram.
Wigtownshire (UK Parliament constituency)
Wigtownshire, was a Scottish constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was represented by one Member of Parliament.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
2024 Shasta 150
The 2024 Shasta 150 was the 7th stock car race of the 2024 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 2nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 27, 2024, at Shasta Speedway in Anderson, California, a 0.375 mile permanent paved oval shaped short track. The race took the scheduled 150 laps to complete. Tyler Reif, driving for Central Coast Racing, would have a perfect race, winning the pole and leading every lap of the event to earn his second career ARCA Menards Series West win, and his first of the season. This was also the first win for Central Coast Racing in the West Series since 2008. To fill out the podium, Sean Hingorani, driving for Jerry Pitts Racing, and Trevor Huddleston, driving for High Point Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Trevor Huddleston (racing driver)
Trevor Huddleston (born May 31, 1996) is an American stock car racing driver who competes full-time in the ARCA Menards Series West, driving the No. 50 Ford for his family-owned team, High Point Racing. He is the 2025 ARCA Menards Series West champion.
Battle of Bryansk (1941)
The Battle of Bryansk (2–21 October 1941) was a twenty-day battle during World War II conducted in the Bryansk Oblast as a part of the overall Moscow campaign.  Returning from the Kiev operation, Heinz Guderian attacked in an unexpected direction capturing Bryansk and Oryol with few casualties thereby encircling two Soviet formations, the 13th Army and 3rd Army.  A third Soviet formation, the 50th Army was encircled by infantry of the German 2nd Army north of Bryansk.  However the encircled Red Army units continued fighting, delaying the drive on Moscow for two weeks.  This delay, as well as the casualties taken by the Wehrmacht liquidating the pockets contributed to the German collapse at the gates of Moscow. See also: Vyazma and Bryansk pockets. As a result of this battle, the Germans occupied Bryansk until they were expelled by the Red Army on 17 September 1943 as a part of the Smolensk campaign.

50th Army (Soviet Union)
The 50th Army (Russian: 50-я армия) was a Soviet field army during World War II. It was formed in mid-August, 1941 and deployed on the southwest approaches to Moscow. Partly encircled and destroyed by German Second Panzer Army in the opening stages of Operation Typhoon, enough of the army escaped that it could be reinforced to successfully defend the city of Tula in November. It was at this time that the 50th came under the command of Lt. Gen. Ivan Boldin, who continued in command until February, 1945. During most of its career the army was relatively small and accordingly served in secondary roles. It finished the war in East Prussia, under the command of Lt. Gen. Fyodor Ozerov, as part of 3rd Belorussian Front.
Man With the Blues
"Man With the Blues" is a song by country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. After moving to Fort Worth, Texas, and quitting the music business for a year, Nelson returned to perform on the KCUL's Country Hoedown. Through a booking agent, he was signed as a recording artist by D Records.

To pay for his first recording session, Nelson gave his booking agent half of the publishing rights of the song. Backed with "The Storm Has Just Begun", the single failed to succeed. Subsequently, Nelson rerecorded it in 1976 and 2010.

KAMM (AM)
KAMM (1540 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to University Park, Texas, serving the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. It is owned by Richard Witkovski, through licensee North Texas Radio Group, L.P., and is operating at the reduced power of 100 watts under special temporary authority BSTA20230405AAC under authority of the Federal Communications Commission.
Phoenix Peak (Alaska)
Phoenix Peak is a 5,187-foot (1,581 m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, on the Kenai Peninsula, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Kenai Fjords National Park, 2 mi (3 km) southwest of Mount Benson, 1.1 mi (2 km) northwest of Marathon Mountain, and 3.5 mi (6 km) west of Seward, Alaska. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its glaciers drains into tributaries of the Resurrection River. The first ascent of the peak was made July 23, 1964, by Don Stockard of the Mountaineering Club of Alaska. The peak was named in 1965 by the Mountaineering Club of Alaska for the first ship ever built in Russian America, the Phoenix, which was constructed in 1794 by Russians in nearby Resurrection Bay. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1966 by the United States Geological Survey.

Mount Benson (Alaska)
Mount Benson is a 4,465-foot (1,361 m) mountain summit located in the Kenai Mountains, on the Kenai Peninsula, in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, rising above the Resurrection River and Resurrection Bay, 3.3 mi (5 km) south of Resurrection Peaks, 2.35 mi (4 km) north of Marathon Mountain, and 3.1 mi (5 km) northwest of Seward, Alaska. Originally named Iron Mountain, the mountain's name was officially changed in 1974 by the United States Geological Survey to honor Benny Benson (1913-1972), who at age 13 designed Alaska's flag in 1927, as a student in Seward.
Arthrochilus sabulosus
Arthrochilus sabulosus, commonly known as spotted elbow orchid, is a flowering plant in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and is endemic to Tropical North Queensland and Horn Island. It has a rosette of dull green leaves on side growth at its base and up to fifteen pale green, insect-like flowers with reddish to brownish glands on its labellum.

Gland (botany)
In plants, a gland is defined functionally as a plant structure which secretes one or more products.  This may be located on or near the plant surface and secrete externally, or be internal to the plant and secrete into a canal or reservoir.  Examples include glandular hairs, nectaries, hydathodes, and the resin canals in Pinus.
The Tribe (1998 film)
The Tribe is a 1998 television film drama written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff and starring Joely Richardson, Jeremy Northam, Trevor Eve, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Anna Friel.

Property developer Northam is tasked with evicting a post-modern hippie proto-cult led by Richardson from a building. But they slowly win him over to their dark lifestyle, bizarre rituals, eating habits and dangerous liaisons.

The film was made in 1996, but not transmitted until 1998. Music is by Poliakoff regular Adrian Johnston and it carries some of the Polikov trademarks such as photograph studies.

Controversial for its nudity and a much discussed ménage à trois sex scene between characters played by Anna Friel (her first work after leaving Brookside), Jonathan Rhys Meyers and Jeremy Northam.

Jeremy Northam
Jeremy Philip Northam (born 1 December 1961) is an English actor. His film credits include  The Net (1995), Emma (1996), An Ideal Husband (1999), Amistad (1997), The Winslow Boy (1999), Gosford Park (2001) and Enigma (2001). In television, he also played Thomas More in the Showtime series The Tudors (2007–2008) and appeared as Anthony Eden in the Netflix series The Crown (2016–2017).
Watashi Iro/Bokura Style
Watashi Iro/Bokura Style (私色/僕らスタイル; My Color/Our Style) is the fifteenth single released by Japanese performer misono on November 25, 2009. It was released as both a standard CD and a CD+DVD, becoming her fifth consecutive double a-side. It charted low on Oricon at #34, remaining on the charts for four weeks.

The single followed the trend of other avex artists by having one melody split into two songs, a trend that had been started by misono's older sister Koda Kumi in 2006 with the single Yume no Uta/Futari de... (Ayumi Hamasaki had released her single Sunrise/Sunset ~Love Is All~ three months before misono in August).

Koda Kumi
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko; born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from Kyoto, known for her urban and R&B songs.

After debuting with the single "Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "Butterfly" (2005), and her first greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively.

Though her early releases presented a conservative, quiet image, she has become a fashion leader among young women, setting trends such as the ero-kakkoii style. In 2006 and 2007, Oricon named Koda as the top selling artist of the year.
History of the Jews in Syria
The history of the Jews in Syria goes back to ancient times. They were joined by Sephardim who fled after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal in 1492 CE. There were large Jewish communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishli for centuries. In the early 20th century, a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to British Mandate-Palestine (Israel), the U.S. and Latin America.

Following the Syrian Civil War, some of the remaining Jews of Syria left the country. In 2022, it was alleged that only four Jews remain in Damascus. As of April 4 2025, there are approximately six remaining Jews in Damascus.

Qamishli
Qamishli (Kurdish: قامیشلۆ, romanized: Qamişlo; Arabic: القامشلي, romanized: al-Qamishli; Syriac: ܩܡܫܠܝ) is a city in northeastern Syria on the Syria–Turkey border, adjoining the city of Nusaybin in Turkey. The Jaghjagh River flows through the city. With a 2004 census population of 184,231, it is the ninth most-populous city in Syria and the second-largest in Al-Hasakah Governorate after Al-Hasakah. Qamishli has traditionally been a Christian Assyrian majority city, but is now predominantly populated by Kurds with large numbers of Arabs and Assyrians and a smaller number of Armenians. It is 680 kilometres (420 mi) northeast of Damascus.

The city is the administrative capital of the Qamishli District in Al-Hasakah Governorate, and the administrative center of Qamishli Subdistrict, consisting of 92 localities with a combined population of 232,095 in 2004. Qamishli was the de facto capital of the DAANES, until it was moved to Ayn Issa.
Manuel Fernandes (footballer, born 1951)
Manuel José Tavares Fernandes (5 June 1951 – 27 June 2024) was a Portuguese football striker and manager.

His playing career was mainly associated with Sporting CP, which he later also coached. At 255 goals in all competitions, he was the second-highest goalscorer in the club's history.

Over 19 seasons, in which he also represented two other teams, Fernandes amassed Primeira Liga totals of 486 matches, an all-time record, and 241 goals.

Bola de Prata (Portugal)
The Bola de Prata (Portuguese for Silver Ball) is a Primeira Liga award for the top scorer. In case two or more players have the same number of goals, the award goes to the footballer with the fewest games played. It was first awarded as a prize in the 1952–53 season by sports newspaper A Bola.

Héctor Yazalde holds the record for most goals in a single season, with 46, achieved in the 1973–74 season. Fernando Peyroteo recorded the highest goals-to-games ratio to win the award, 2.43, in 1937–38.

There have been 56 winners. Nineteen players have won the award in more than one occasion, with Eusébio having the record with seven wins. Eusébio also holds the record for most consecutive wins, with five. Rui Jordão, Paulinho Cascavel, Mário Jardel and Mehdi Taremi are the only players to win the award with two clubs.
Bill Haley's Chicks
Bill Haley's Chicks was the eighth album of rock and roll recordings by Bill Haley & His Comets for Decca Records, Decca 8821. Released in January 1959 and produced by Milt Gabler, the album was the third "theme" album Haley recorded for Decca, following Rockin' the Oldies (rock and roll versions of standards) and Rockin' Around the World (rock and roll versions of folk songs). This album is built on the theme of women's names, with each song being about a different girl. Included on the album is "Skinny Minnie", which was a major hit for the band in 1958, reaching no.22 on Billboard and no.25 on Cashbox, along with a mixture of originals and cover versions of standards and jazz songs. "Lean Jean", a song musically and thematically almost identical to "Skinny Minnie", also charted in 1958, reaching no. 52 on Cashbox. The song "B.B. Betty", co-written by Bill Haley and released as a Decca 45 single, featured a solo vocal by Haley's steel guitar player, Billy Williamson.

Rockin' the Oldies
Rockin' the Oldies was the fifth album of rock and roll music by Bill Haley and His Comets. Produced by Milt Gabler, the album was released by Decca Records in 1957. It was the first of three "themed albums" that Haley recorded for Decca. On this occasion the album consisted of re-recordings of popular standards, some dating back 30 years or more, but rearranged in a rock and roll style. For example, Haley's version of Larry Clinton's "The Dipsy Doodle" included new lyrics referring to Haley's past hits, "Shake, Rattle and Roll" and "See You Later Alligator". The album did not produce any hit singles.

The recording sessions that produced this album are notable for not including Haley's usual saxophone player, Rudy Pompilli. Sidelined by illness, his place was taken by Frankie Scott. One song originally recorded for this album, "Rock Lomond" was held over until the later compilation release Rockin' the Joint.
Ruslaan
Ruslaan is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Karan Lalit Butani and produced by K. K. Radhamohan and Rudrapati Ramana Rao. It stars Aayush Sharma, alongside Sushrii Shreya Mishraa, Jagapathi Babu and Vidya Malvade. The music was composed by Vishal Mishra, Rajat Nagpal and Akashdeep Sengupta, while cinematography and editing were handled by G. Srinivas Reddy and Rajendra Bhaat.

Ruslaan was released on 26 April 2024 and received mixed reviews from critics, where the film underperformed at the box office.

Aayush Sharma
Aayush Sharma (born 26 October 1990) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films. He made his film debut with brother-in-law Salman Khan's production Loveyatri (2018) and Antim: The Final Truth (2021), in which he starred alongside Khan.
DEFY x Progress Onslaught
DEFY x Progress Onslaught was a two-night professional wrestling event co-promoted by Progress Wrestling and DEFY Wrestling. It took place on November 29 and December 1, 2024, at the Roulette Intermedium (in Brooklyn) and at Thalia Hall (in Chicago). Both nights of the event were streamed live on Triller TV.

The card comprised a total of 15 matches, with eight on the first night and seven on the second. In the main event for both nights, Luke Jacobs successfully retained the PROGRESS World Championship, defeating Kevin Knight and Man Like DeReiss respectively.

PROGRESS World Championship
The Progress World Championship is a professional wrestling World championship created and promoted by the British professional wrestling promotion Progress Wrestling. The current champion is Man Like DeReiss, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating Luke Jacobs in a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match at Progress Chapter 183: Hundred Volts  in London, England on August 25, 2025.
Malcolm Todd (album)
Malcolm Todd is the debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter and musician Malcolm Todd, released on April 4, 2025 by Columbia Records. It follows his 2024 mixtape Sweet Boy and contains a guest feature from Omar Apollo. Three singles were released in support of the album: "Chest Pain (I Love)", which went viral on social media, "Bleed", and "Cheer Me On". A deluxe version of the album, Malcolm Todd (still), was released on August 8, 2025, and was promoted with the single "Original".

Receiving generally positive reviews from music critics, the album became Todd's first entry on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 49.

Omar Apollo
Omar Apolonio Velasco (born May 20, 1997), known professionally as Omar Apollo, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. After signing a record deal with Warner Records, his debut album, Ivory, was released in 2022 to positive reviews and earned him a Grammy Award nomination for Best New Artist at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards. Apollo sings in both English and Spanish.