hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rail transport in Gliwice
The history of rail transport in Gliwice began in the first half of the 19th century. The Gliwice railway station ranks among the largest in the Katowice urban area and is classified as a Category A station by the Polish State Railways. Gliwice serves as a hub for international railways, including the E30 and CE30, connecting Dresden with Lviv. The city hosts the Newag Gliwice facility, the Gliwice Wagon Factory, and an intermodal terminal at Gliwice Port, integrating rail, river, and road transport.

Newag Gliwice
Newag Gliwice is a defunct enterprise based in Gliwice, Poland, engaged in the production, modernisation, and repair of railway rolling stock, particularly electric locomotives. In 2008, it became part of the Newag holding company, and on 2 February 2015, it was absorbed by the parent company as the "Remote Department for Electric Locomotive Production".
Cumberland, Kentucky
Cumberland is a home rule-class city in Harlan County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Cumberland had a population of 1,947. The city sits at the confluence of Looney Creek and the Poor Fork Cumberland River.

Poor Fork (Cumberland River tributary)
The Poor Fork is a 45-mile (72 km) tributary of the Cumberland River in Letcher and Harlan Counties, southeast Kentucky, in the United States. The river flows from its source at Flat Gap in Letcher County, on the Kentucky–Virginia border, generally southwest to where it meets Martin's Fork in Baxter to form the Cumberland River.
Spoof surface plasmon
Spoof surface plasmons, also known as spoof surface plasmon polaritons and designer surface plasmons, are surface electromagnetic waves in microwave and terahertz regimes that propagate along planar interfaces with sign-changing permittivities. Spoof surface plasmons are a type of surface plasmon polariton, which ordinarily propagate along metal and dielectric interfaces in infrared and visible frequencies. Since surface plasmon polaritons cannot exist naturally in microwave and terahertz frequencies due to dispersion properties of metals, spoof surface plasmons necessitate the use of artificially-engineered metamaterials.

Spoof surface plasmons share the natural properties of surface plasmon polaritons, such as dispersion characteristics and subwavelength field confinement. They were first theorized by John Pendry et al.

John Pendry
Sir John Brian Pendry, FRS HonFInstP (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into metamaterials and creation of the first practical "Invisibility Cloak". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics at Imperial College London where he was head of the department of physics (1998–2001) and principal of the faculty of physical sciences (2001–2002). He is an honorary fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, (where he was an undergraduate) and an IEEE fellow. He received the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience "for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging.", together with Stefan Hell, and Thomas Ebbesen, in 2014.
Victor (footballer, born 1983)
Victor Leandro Bagy (born 21 January 1983), known as Victor, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Having started his career with Paulista, where he spent his first six professional years and won the Copa do Brasil in 2005, Victor moved to Grêmio in 2008, where he finished as runner-up of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A in his first season, receiving the Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão twice and the Bola de Prata once as best goalkeeper in the league during his spell with the club. He then joined Atlético Mineiro in 2012, where he won the Copa Libertadores in 2013 (being selected as the best goalkeeper of the tournament) and the Copa do Brasil in 2014, while again finishing as runner-up of the Brasileiro twice.

Victor has represented the Brazil national team since 2010, being part of the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup winning squad, also being included in the 2011 Copa América and 2014 FIFA World Cup teams.

2005 Copa do Brasil
The Copa do Brasil 2005 was the 17th staging of the Copa do Brasil.

The competition started on February 2, 2005 and concluded on June 22, 2005 with the second leg of the final, held at the Estádio São Januário in Rio de Janeiro, in which Paulista lifted the trophy for the first time after a 0-0 draw with Fluminense.

Fred, of Cruzeiro, with 15 goals, was the competition's topscorer.
El Amor (Tito El Bambino song)
"El Amor" (English: "Love") is a song by Puerto Rican singer Tito El Bambino. It was composed by Tito and Joan Ortiz and released on February 9, 2009, as the second single from his third studio album, El Patrón (2009). The song blends the sounds of Latin pop with cumbia and merengue. A regional Mexican and a salsa version were recorded and included on the special edition of the album.

The song became a huge success in the United States reaching number one on both the Billboard Top Latin Songs chart and Billboard Tropical Songs chart. It also charted in Brasil and Venezuela. It also received several awards and nominations at various award shows between 2009 and 2010.

Billboard tropical charts
The Billboard tropical charts began in 1985 when an album chart were introduced as Tropical Albums in the June 29 issue of the magazine.  In October 1994, Billboard then established Tropical Airplay, which initially rank the most-played songs played on tropical  radio stations before switching to an audience-based methodology in January 2017. As the music and radio industries, as well as the technology to monitor and measure sales and airplay, have evolved, Billboard currently publishes three different tropical charts. On April 8, 2025, Billboard debuted the Hot Tropical Songs chart, which ranks the best-performing tropical songs across streaming, digital, and airplay from all radio stations in the United States.

According to Billboard, tropical music refers to music originating from the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean, namely salsa, merengue, bachata, cumbia, and vallenato.
Lyublino constituency
The Lyublino constituency (No.199) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow. The constituency covers residential and industrial areas in outer South-Eastern Moscow.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Pyotr Tolstoy, former journalist, TV host and executive, and member of the Tolstoy family. Tolstoy has served as Deputy Chairman of the State Duma since October 2016.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Progressive country
Progressive country is a term used variously to describe a movement, radio format or subgenre of country music which developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s as a reaction against the slick, pop-oriented Nashville sound. Progressive country artists drew from Bakersfield and classic honky-tonk country and rock and roll, as well as folk, bluegrass, blues and Southern rock. Progressive country is sometimes conflated with outlaw country, which some country fans consider to be a harder-edged variant, and alternative country.

Nashville sound
The Nashville sound is a subgenre of American country music that originated in the 1950s in Nashville, Tennessee. It replaced the dominance of the rough honky tonk music with "smooth strings and choruses", "sophisticated background vocals" and "smooth tempos" associated with traditional pop. It was an attempt "to revive country sales, which had been devastated by the rise of rock 'n' roll".
James A. Dombrowski
James Anderson Dombrowski (January 17, 1897 – May 2, 1983) was an American civil rights activist and Methodist minister. He founded the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee, led the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, and was director of the Southern Conference Educational Fund from 1948 to 1966. A Christian socialist and radical organizer, he was a frequent target of segregationists who accused him of being a Communist. He sued the state of Louisiana in the 1965 Supreme Court case Dombrowski v. Pfister. Dombrowski was ordained as a Methodist minister and earned his PhD from the Union Theological Seminary in New York.

Southern Conference Educational Fund
The Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF) (1942–1981) was an organization that sought to promote social justice, civil rights, and electoral reform in the American South, particularly for African Americans. The organization began as the Education Fund of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW), before becoming an independent successor organization after the SCHW was disbanded in 1948.
Changa Chet
Changa Chet is a 2018 Nepalese romantic comedy-drama film directed by Dipendra K Khanal. The film is written by Pradip Bhardwaj who is the highest paid screenwriter of nepalese film industry, and produced by Madhav Wagle and Sharmila Pandey. The film stars Ayushman Joshi, Rabindra Jha, Sandip Chhetri, Arpan Thapa, Priyanka Karki, Paramita Rana, Surakshya Panta in the lead roles. The prop currency used during the shooting of the movie lead to the prosecution of the movie producer Madhav Wagle, art director Sudip Tamang and an Assistant Mahendra Bogati.

The film was released on November 2, 2018 and met with positive response from critics and audience. The film was a commercial success at the box office.

Paramita RL Rana
Paramita Rajya Laxmi Rana (born October 2, 1993 in Lalitpur, Nepal), known professionally as Paramita RL Rana or simply Paramita Rana, is a Nepalese film actress, model, singer, influencer. She rose into fame following her debut role in the film Chapali Height 2 opposite Ayushman Joshi.
2013–14 Cypriot First Division
The 2013–14 Cypriot First Division was the 75th season of the Cypriot top-level football league. It began on 31 August 2013 and ended on 31 May 2014. APOEL were the defending champions.

The league comprised eleven teams from the 2012–13 season and three promoted teams from the 2012–13 Second Division.

The 17 May 2014 title deciding match between AEL Limassol and APOEL was abandoned (at 0–0) after 52 minutes, when a bomb thrown by AEL fans, hit and injured APOEL's player Kaká. The match was replayed behind closed doors at a neutral stadium on 31 May 2014 and APOEL achieved to win their second consecutive league title after beating AEL Limassol by 1–0. However, on 6 June 2014, the Cyprus Football Association’s (CFA) disciplinary committee – acting as an appeals board – unanimously cancelled on the CFA council’s decision to repeat the 17 May championship final, awarding the match to APOEL with a 0–3 score.

Cyprus Football Association
The Cyprus Football Association (CFA) (Greek: Κυπριακή Ομοσπονδία Ποδοσφαίρου (ΚΟΠ), romanized: Kypriakí Omospondía Podosfaírou (KOP), Turkish: Kıbrıs Futbol Federasyonu (KFF)) is the governing body of football in Cyprus and is based in Nicosia. It organises Cyprus's football championships, whose top league is the Cypriot First Division. It also organises the Cypriot Cup, the Cypriot Super Cup and the Cypriot national football team. Cyprus Football Association is also responsible for organising futsal competitions, including the Cypriot Futsal league, the Cypriot Futsal Cup and the Cypriot Futsal Super Cup.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA56
In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORA56 (also known as ACA56) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'.
ACA56 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, has the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1 protein. snoRNA ACA56 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of U1664 of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudouridylation is the (isomerisation of the nucleoside uridine) to the different isomeric form pseudouridine.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Randhir Sharma
Randhir Sharma (born 23 June 1963) is an Indian politician from Himachal Pradesh. He is a member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency in Bilaspur district. He won the 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency
Sri Naina Deviji Assembly constituency is one of the 68 constituencies in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh a northern state of India. Naina Devi is also part of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency.
Robert Lewis (jockey)
Robert "Bobby/Bobbie" Lewis (30 November 1878 – 31 March 1947) was an Australian jockey of the late 19th century to the early 20th century. During his 46-year career span from 1892 to 1938 he won over 900 races including the Melbourne Cup in 1902, 1915, 1919 and 1927. He also won eight Victoria Derbies, four Australian Derbies, seven Crown Oaks and eight AJC St. Legers.

Australian Derby
The Australian Derby is an Australian Turf Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds at set weights held at Randwick Racecourse, Sydney, Australia in April, during the Autumn ATC Championships Carnival. The race is considered to be the top ranked event for three-year-olds in Australian and New Zealand race classifications.
Gabâ
Gabà (Cebuano: /ˈgabaʔ/) or gabaa, for the people in many parts of the Philippines particularly among Visayans, is the concept of a non-human and non-divine, imminent retribution. A sort of negative karma, it is generally seen as an evil effect on a person because of their wrongdoings or transgressions. The word has later been recycled for translating "divine retribution" or "divine fury" in the translations of the Bible to many local languages in the Philippines. It is also translated as nemesis. The opposite of gaba is grasya, literally grace and from  Spanish gracia, which pertains to blessings from Heaven. The English word which is closest to or best describes the word gabà is comeuppance.

Karma in Buddhism
Karma (Sanskrit: कर्म, Pāli: kamma) is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing". In the Buddhist tradition, karma refers to action driven by intention (cetanā) which leads to future consequences. Those intentions are considered to be the determining factor in the form of rebirth a being takes in samsara, the repeating cycle of birth and death.
Mané (footballer, born 1981)
José Manuel Jiménez Ortiz (born 21 December 1981), known as Mané, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left-back.

Over eight seasons, he amassed La Liga totals of 183 matches and five goals in representation of Almería (four years, two spells) and Getafe (four years). He also spent a few months in the Israeli Premier League late into his 18-year senior career, with Maccabi Tel Aviv.

Getafe CF
Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Getafe, a city in the Community of Madrid. They compete in La Liga, the top tier of the Spanish football. The team has played its home matches in the 16,500-capacity Estadio Coliseum since 1998.

Founded in 1983, the club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. The club maintain rivalries with neighbours Leganés, who are based near the town of Getafe, Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid.
Dendryphantes mordax
Dendryphantes mordax is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. It is found in Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay.

The species name mordax is Latin meaning "biting" or "snapping," referring to the spider's predatory nature.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
Religare
Religare Enterprises Limited (REL) is an Indian investment and financial services holding company, headquartered in New Delhi. REL is listed on National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange. It is  registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

National Stock Exchange of India
National Stock Exchange of India Limited, also known as the National Stock Exchange (NSE), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai.  It is the 5th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalization, exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024.

NSE is under the ownership of various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. As of 2024, it is the world's largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded and the third largest in cash equities by number of trades for the calendar year 2023.
Bird feet and legs
The anatomy of bird legs and feet is diverse, encompassing many accommodations to perform a wide variety of functions.

Most birds are classified as digitigrade animals, meaning they walk on their toes rather than the entire foot. Some of the lower bones of the foot (the distals and most of the metatarsal) are fused to form the tarsometatarsus – a third segment of the leg, specific to birds. The upper bones of the foot (proximals), in turn, are fused with the tibia to form the tibiotarsus, as over time the centralia disappeared. The fibula also reduced.

The legs are attached to a strong assembly consisting of the pelvic girdle extensively fused with the uniform spinal bone (also specific to birds) called the synsacrum, built from some of the fused bones.

Toe
Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod. Animal species such as cats that walk on their toes are described as being digitigrade. Humans, and other animals that walk on the soles of their feet, are described as being plantigrade; unguligrade animals are those that walk on hooves at the tips of their toes.
Julio Velasco
Julio Velasco (born 9 February 1952) is an Argentine-Italian volleyball coach and former professional player. He is currently the head coach of the Italy women's national volleyball team, which he led to victory at the 2024 Paris Olympics and the 2025 World Championship.

During his career, Velasco has coached several national teams to podium finishes. He has won two Olympic medals (one gold and one silver), three World Championships (becoming the first – and so far only – coach to win both the men's and the women's titles), three European Championships, two Asian Championships, three Mediterranean Games medals (two gold and one silver), and a gold medal at the Pan American Games. He has also claimed eleven additional international titles.

In club competitions, Velasco has won four Argentine championships, four Italian championships, three Italian Cups, one Italian Super Cup, and one CEV Cup Winners' Cup.

In 2005 he was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
The Asian Men's Volleyball Championship is an international volleyball competition in Asia and Oceania contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC), the sport's continent governing body. The initial gap between championships was four years, but since 1987 they have been awarded every two years. The top three teams qualified for the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The current champion is Japan, which won its tenth title at the 2023 tournament.
Michael A. Nelson
Michael A. Nelson (October 8, 1937 – October 8, 2024) was a lieutenant general in the United States Air Force (USAF). He flew 100 missions over North Vietnam, collected 3500+ hours in fighter aircraft, and held command five times, including over the 9th Air Force and Operation Southern Watch. He was the 20th Deputy Chief of Staff of Plans and Operations.

After his military career, he was the president of the Air Force Historical Foundation and The Retired Officer's Association (now called the Military Officers Association of America, a change he ushered in).

Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations of the United States Air Force
The deputy chief of staff for operations of the United States Air Force is a position in the United States Air Force tasked with the development and implementation of policy directly supporting global operations, force management, weather, training and readiness across air, space and cyber fields. Commonly referred to as the A3, it is held by a lieutenant general who serves as the operations deputy to the chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force. The position is one of ten senior positions in the headquarters of the U.S. Air Force. As such, the officeholder of this position serves in the Air Staff.