hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hodlnaut
Hodlnaut is a Singapore-based cryptocurrency lending and borrowing platform that lost 69% of the cryptocurrencies that users deposited onto the platform.

Co-founded by Juntao Zhu and Simon Lee in 2019, it is advertised as a platform that allows users to earn interest on cryptocurrencies that they deposit through those funds being safely lent out to carefully selected institutions. On 8 August 2022, it disabled the ability of users to withdraw their cryptocurrencies from the platform citing market conditions, however it later became known that Hodlnaut had actually been holding virtually all of its users' deposited funds in the TerraUSD stablecoin which had collapsed in May leading to the massive loss of users funds. The collapse of TerraUSD has similarly led to the bankruptcy of hedgefund Three Arrows Capital and lender Celsius Network.

Stablecoin
A stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency that aims to maintain a stable value relative to a specified asset, a pool or basket of assets. The specified asset might refer to fiat currency, commodity, or other cryptocurrencies. Despite the  name, stablecoins are not necessarily stable. Stablecoins rely on stabilization tools such as reserve assets or algorithms that match supply and demand to try to maintain a stable value.

Historically, multiple stablecoins have failed to maintain their value relative to the underlying assets. With a growing number of market transactions involving stablecoins, their issuance and usage are increasingly regulated by governments around the world.
Deepwater Discovery
Deepwater Discovery was a Samsung/Reading & Bates designed, fifth generation, deepwater dynamic positioning Vanuatu-flagged drillship owned and operated by Transocean. The vessel was capable of drilling in water depths up to 3,049 m (10,000 ft) using an 18.75 in (47.6 cm), 15,000 psi blowout preventer (BOP), and a 21 in (53 cm) outside diameter (OD) marine riser. It was retired in 2018.

From 2000 to 2009 the vessel flew the flag of Panama.

Transocean
Transocean Ltd. is an American drilling company. It is the world's largest offshore drilling contractor based on revenue and is based in Steinhausen, Switzerland. The company has offices in 20 countries, including Canada, the United States, Norway, United Kingdom, India, Brazil, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

In 2010, Transocean was found partially responsible (30% of total liability) for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulting from the explosion of one of its oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico.

The primary business of Transocean is contracts with other large companies in the oil and gas industry. In 2019, Royal Dutch Shell accounted for 26% of the company's revenues, while Equinor accounted for 21% of the company's revenues, and Chevron accounted for 17% of the company's revenues.
Illustration of the central limit theorem
In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, in many situations, when independent and identically distributed random variables are added, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution. This article gives two illustrations of this theorem. Both involve the sum of independent and identically-distributed random variables and show how the probability distribution of the sum approaches the normal distribution as the number of terms in the sum increases.

The first illustration involves a continuous probability distribution, for which the random variables have a probability density function. The second illustration, for which most of the computation can be done by hand, involves a discrete probability distribution, which is characterized by a probability mass function.

Independent and identically distributed random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d., iid, or IID) if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. IID was first defined in statistics and finds application in many fields, such as data mining and signal processing.
Thokozile Mbatha
Yvonne Thokozile Mbatha (born 19 July 1960) is a South African judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. Before her appointment to the Supreme Court, she was a judge of the KwaZulu-Natal High Court from June 2011 to June 2019. She was an acting judge in the Constitutional Court between August and December 2022.

KwaZulu-Natal Division of the High Court of South Africa
The KwaZulu-Natal Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The main seat of the division is at Pietermaritzburg, while a subordinate local seat at Durban has concurrent jurisdiction over the coastal region of the province. As of January 2024 the Judge President of the division is Thoba Poyo-Dlwati.
Toba Tek Singh Tehsil
Toba Tek Singh (Punjabi: تحصیل ٹوبھا ٹیک سنگھ, Urdu: تحصیل ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a tehsil (subdivision) of Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is administratively subdivided into 32 Union Councils, three of which form the tehsil capital Toba Tek Singh.

Toba Tek Singh
Toba Tek Singh (Punjabi: ٹوبھا ٹیک سنگھ, Urdu: ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a city in Punjab province of Pakistan and capital of Toba Tek Singh District. It is surrounded by cities of Gojra, Kamalia, Rajana, Pir Mahal and Shorkot.
Samuel Houston Mayes
Samuel Houston Mayes (May 11, 1845 – December 12, 1927) of Scots/English-Cherokee descent, was elected as Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), serving from 1895 to 1899.  His maternal grandfather belonged to the Deer clan, and his father was allied with members of the Cherokee Treaty Party in the 1830s, such as the Adair men, Elias Boudinot, and Major Ridge. In the late nineteenth century, his older brother Joel B. Mayes was elected to two terms as Chief of the Cherokee.

Born in Indian Territory, Mayes attended a Cherokee school, served with the Confederacy during the American Civil War, and become a cattle rancher before entering politics. He was elected as the United States was dissolving tribal governments and communal lands, and making allotments in severalty to individual households of Native Americans, in an effort to force assimilation, under the Dawes and Curtis acts.

Curtis Act of 1898
The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the United States Dawes Act; it resulted in the break-up of tribal governments and communal lands in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indian Territory: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muscogee (Creek), Cherokee, and Seminole.  These tribes had been previously exempt from the 1887 General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) because of the terms of their treaties. In total, the tribes immediately lost control of about 90 million acres of their communal lands; they lost more in subsequent years.

The act also transferred the authority to determine members of tribes to the Dawes Commission as part of the registration of members. Thus, individuals could be enrolled as members without tribal consent. By effectively abolishing the remainder of tribal courts, tribal governments, and tribal land claims in the Indian Territory of Oklahoma, the act enabled Oklahoma to be admitted as a state, which followed in 1907.
Nihonkai (train)
The Nihonkai (日本海; 'Sea of Japan') was a seasonal overnight train which was operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). The train ran overnight between Osaka Station and Aomori Station using the Tōkaidō Main Line, Kosei Line, Hokuriku Main Line, Shinetsu Main Line, Uetsu Main Line, and Ōu Main Line.

From the start of the March 17, 2012 timetable revision, regular operations of the Nihonkai were discontinued, with services operating during busy seasonal periods only. While JR East has not formally announced its discontinuation, no services have operated since January 2013, Sometimes it either connects to Sapporo or Hakodate.

Shin'etsu Main Line
The Shinetsu Main Line (Japanese: 信越本線, Hepburn: Shin'etsu-honsen) is a railway line, consisting of three geographically separated sections, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan. It was originally one continuous line connecting Takasaki and Niigata via Nagano. Since the opening and later extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, sections running in parallel have either been discontinued or transferred to third-sector railway companies.

The name of the line refers to the old names for Nagano and Niigata prefectures, Shinano (Japanese: 信濃), and Echigo (Japanese: 越後).

The discontinued section through the Usui Pass was famous for its steep 66.7‰ (6.67%) gradient.
Shelford Bidwell (British Army officer)
Reginald George Shelford "Ginger" Bidwell, OBE FRHistS (12 August 1913 – 23 August 1996) was a British Army officer and military historian.

A graduate of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Bidwell served in the Royal Artillery during the Second World War, and saw action in the  Western Desert campaign
and the Italian campaign. After the war he served with the British Army of the Rhine. After leaving the army in 1965, he wrote books on military history, and was the editor of the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution from 1971 to 1976.

Royal United Services Institute
The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI or Rusi) is the world's oldest defence and security think tank, founded in 1831 by the first Duke of Wellington, based in Whitehall, London, United Kingdom. The institution was registered as Royal United Service Institute for Defence and Security Studies and formerly known as the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies. The current chair of RUSI is the ninth Duke of Wellington and its director-general is Rachel Ellehuus.
Shimazu Yoshihisa
Shimazu Yoshihisa (島津義久; February 9, 1533 – March 5, 1611) was a powerful daimyō and the 16th Chief of Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province, the eldest son of Shimazu Takahisa. He was renowned as a great general, who managed to subjugate Kyushu through the deft maneuvering of his three brothers. Eventually, in 1585, Yoshihisa seceded control of the entire Kyushu region.

Shimazu Iehisa
Shimazu Iehisa (島津 家久; 1547 – July 10, 1587) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who was a member of the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Province. He was the fourth son of Shimazu Takahisa. He served in a command capacity during his family's campaign to conquer Kyūshū.

His sons were Shimazu Toyohisa, Shimazu Tadanao, and Shimazu Mitsuhisa. He was nephew of 'Ten'ei-in' (wife of Tokugawa Ienobu) from his mother side and later he married Kamehime and daughter of Shimazu Yoshitaka, Mitsuhime.

He participated in the Battle of Mimigawa (1578), Siege of Minamata Castle (1582) and Battle of Okitanawate (1584). In 1587 he fought against Toyotomi Hideyoshi forces at the Battle of Hetsugigawa and Battle of Takajō.

In 1587, he suddenly died at Sadowara Castle. There is a theory that he was poisoned when he visited Toyotomi Hidenaga's camp.
575th Air Defense Group
The 575th Air Defense Group  is a disbanded United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 4708th Air Defense Wing at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan, where it was inactivated in August 1955.  The group was originally activated as the 575th Air Service Group, a support unit for the 4th Fighter Group after the 4th returned to the United States at the end of World War II and performed that mission until it was inactivated in 1947.

The group was activated once again in 1952 as the 575th Air Base Group to replace the support elements of the inactivating 56th Fighter-Interceptor Wing.  A year later Air Defense Command established it as an operational headquarters for fighter-interceptor squadrons as well.  It was replaced in 1955 when ADC transferred its mission, equipment, and personnel to the 1st Fighter Group in a project that replaced air defense groups commanding fighter squadrons with fighter groups with distinguished records during World War II.

Selfridge Air National Guard Base
Selfridge Air National Guard Base or Selfridge ANGB (IATA: MTC, ICAO: KMTC, FAA LID: MTC) is an Air National Guard installation located in Harrison Township, Michigan, near Mount Clemens.  Selfridge Field was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established after the United States entry into World War I in April 1917.

The current commander of Selfridge Air National Guard Base is Brig. Gen. Leah Voelker, it's first female commanding officer.
2017 CHA women's ice hockey tournament
The 2017 College Hockey America Women's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 15th tournament in league history played between March 2 and March 4, 2017, at the Harborcenter in Buffalo, New York. Robert Morris won their second tournament and earned College Hockey America's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament.

2017 NCAA National Collegiate women's ice hockey tournament
The 2017 NCAA National Collegiate Women's Ice Hockey Tournament involved eight schools in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of women's NCAA Division I college ice hockey.

The quarterfinals were contested at the campuses of the seeded teams on March 11, 2017. The Frozen Four was played on March 17 and 19, 2017 at Family Arena in St. Charles, Missouri with Lindenwood University as the host.

The tournament was won by Clarkson with a 3–0 win over Wisconsin, giving the Golden Knights their second title in program history.
Sipesville, Pennsylvania
Sipesville is an unincorporated community that is located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located on Pennsylvania Route 985, 6.3 miles (10.1 km) north of the Borough of Somerset.

Somerset, Pennsylvania
Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ SUM-ər-set) is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,046 at the 2020 census. The borough is surrounded by Somerset Township and is located off the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). Somerset is the principal city of the Somerset micropolitan statistical area, which consists of Somerset County, and is also a principal city of the larger Johnstown-Somerset combined statistical area.
Jeremiah Phillips
Jeremiah Phillips (1812–1879) was an American Baptist missionary to the Santals under the Free Baptist Missionary Society in India.

He is credited for opening up the first educational facility for the Santals and a farming colony for the Christian Santals at Jellasore, Odisha(formerly Orissa). He also reduced the language of Santals to writing and introduced a written system of clerical administration and missionary work among Santal tribals—laying the foundation of the Bengal–Orissa Baptist Mission among the Bengali people, Odia people, and Santals.

Odia people
The Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ), formerly spelled Oriya, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group native to the Indian state of Odisha who speak the Odia language. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant minority populations existing in the neighboring states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal. Odia is the 9th most spoken language in India. Modern-day Odisha was made from the Odia-speaking part of then–Bihar and Orissa Province, Odia-speaking areas of Madras Presidency, Odia-speaking areas of Central Provinces and Berar and Odia-speaking Gadajats (Odia Princely states). The first linguistic movement started in 1886 and with the successful efforts of Madhusudan Das, the Father of Odia nationalism, Odisha became the first state to be created on a linguistic basis.
Sherwood State School
Sherwood State School is a heritage-listed state school at 464 Oxley Road, Sherwood, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The buildings were built from 1874 to 1974. The designers included Boulton & Paul, Ltd and the Department of Public Works (Queensland). It was formerly known as West Oxley National School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 15 July 2016.

Boulton & Paul Ltd
Boulton & Paul Ltd was a British general manufacturer from Norwich, England that became involved in aircraft manufacture.

Jeld Wen Inc. bought Boulton & Paul (along with another joinery company John Carr) from the Rugby Group plc in 1999 to form its British subsidiary.
Begonia homonyma
Begonia homonyma, also known as the large-leaved wild begonia(EN), wildebegonia(Afr.), and idlula(Zul.) is a species of flowering plant in the family Begoniaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal.  It is a tuberous geophyte.

B. homonyma is one of five indigenous Begonia species native to South Africa, the others being Begonia dregei, Begonia geranioides, Begonia sonderiana, and Begonia sutherlandii.  Much like Begonia dregei, B. homonyma has a swollen caudex, which can grow up to 8 cm in diameter, and the plant itself can get up to a meter tall.  The species is so similar to B. dregei that they have sometimes been considered variations of the same plant, but B. homonyma can be distinguished by its leaves, which are larger, minimally lobed, and have raised veins.

B. homonyma is used traditionally by the Zulu people to treat chest ailments.

Begonia dregei
Begonia dregei, the maple leaf begonia, grape-leaf begonia, or bonsai begonia, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Begonia native to the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa.

One of its most notable features is the swollen caudex, which stores moisture.
Lucrecia Hernández Mack
Lucrecia María Hernández Mack (16 November 1973 – 6 September 2023) was a Guatemalan physician and politician who served a deputy of the Congress from 2020 until her death in 2023. In July 2016, President Jimmy Morales nominated Hernández Mack as the minister of Public Health and Social Assistance, becoming the first woman to serve in that position. In 2017, she resigned from her position in protest over President Morales' order to expel United Nations anti-corruption investigator Iván Velásquez Gómez. A member of Movimiento Semilla, she served in the Congress after winning in the 2019 General Election.

2019 Guatemalan general election
General elections were held in Guatemala on 16 June 2019, to elect the president, Congress and local councils. A second round of the presidential elections was held on 11 August 2019, since no candidate won a majority in the first round. Alejandro Giammattei won the election in the second round of voting.

Incumbent President Jimmy Morales was constitutionally barred from running for a second four-year term.
Vasili Vanin
Vasili Vasilyevich Vanin (Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Ва́нин; 13 January 1898 – 12 May 1951) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor, theatre director and pedagogue. He was given the award People's Artist of the USSR in 1949.

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
2015–16 Liga Leumit
The 2015–16 Liga Leumit was the 17th season as second tier since its re-alignment in 1999 and the 74th season of second-tier football in Israel.

A total of sixteen teams were contesting in the league, including eleven sides from the 2014–15 season, the three promoted teams from 2014–15 Liga Alef and the two relegated teams from 2014–15 Israeli Premier League.

2014–15 Israeli Premier League
The 2014–15 Israeli Premier League is the sixteenth season since its introduction in 1999 and the 73nd season of top-tier football in Israel. It began in the end of August 2014 and ended in May 2015. Maccabi Tel Aviv are the defending champions, having won their third Premier League title, and 20th championship last season.

Maccabi Tel Aviv became champions for the 21st time and 3rd consecutive time, and completed the first-ever treble in Israeli football, after winning the Cup and Toto Cup as well.
Jasna Boljević
Jasna Boljević (née Tošković; born 16 March 1989) is a Montenegrin female handballer who plays for Rapid București.

She was part of the Montenegrin team that won their first ever international title at the 2012 European Women's Handball Championship.

2012 European Women's Handball Championship
The 2012 European Women's Handball Championship was held in Serbia from 4 to 16 December. Originally the tournament was scheduled to be held in the Netherlands but on 4 June 2012 the Dutch Handball Federation withdrew from the organization. Subsequently, the European Handball Federation (EHF) launched a new bidding process and eventually selected Serbia as the new host on 18 June 2012.

Montenegro captured their first title by defeating defending champion Norway 34–31 in the final.
C.D. Gerardo Barrios
Club Deportivo Gerardo Barrios  is a Salvadoran professional football club based in San Rafael Oriente, El Salvador.

The club currently plays in the Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño, after being promoted as the third best team of the  Tercera Division de Fútbol Salvadoreño.

The club previously went by Universidad de Gerardo Barrios.

Segunda División de El Salvador
The Segunda División de El Salvador (Second Division of El Salvador) is the second tier of football in El Salvador governed by the Federación Salvadoreña de Fútbol (FESFUT). Teams contest to promote to the Primera División.

The winning sides of the annual Apertura and Clausura contest each other, the winner directly promotes to Primera División.

The losing side of the match contest the last place team of Primera División to trigger promotion and relegation should the Primera División team lose to the Segunda División side.
Cauchy–Euler equation
In mathematics, an Euler–Cauchy equation, or Cauchy–Euler equation, or simply Euler's equation, is a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. It is sometimes referred to as an equidimensional equation. Because of its particularly simple equidimensional structure, the differential equation can be solved explicitly.

Ordinary differential equation
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function(s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. The term "ordinary" is used in contrast with partial differential equations (PDEs) which may be with respect to more than one independent variable, and, less commonly, in contrast with stochastic differential equations (SDEs) where the progression is random.