hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mass surveillance in China
Mass surveillance in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the network of monitoring systems used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chinese government to monitor Chinese citizens. China maintains the largest and most sophisticated mass surveillance system in the world. It is primarily conducted through the government, although corporate surveillance in connection with the CCP and Chinese government also has been reported. China monitors its citizens through Internet surveillance, camera surveillance, and through other digital technologies. The surveillance has become increasingly widespread and grown in sophistication under General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's administration.

Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China
The Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国网络安全法), commonly referred to as the Chinese Cybersecurity Law, was enacted by the National People's Congress with the aim of increasing data protection, data localization, and cybersecurity ostensibly in the interest of national security. The law is part of a wider series of laws passed by the Chinese government in an effort to strengthen national security legislation. Examples of which since 2014 have included the data security law, the national intelligence law, the national security law, laws on counter-terrorism and foreign NGO management, all passed within successive short timeframes of each other.
Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti
Vinda and Anuvinda are two characters in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. They were brothers, who co-ruled the kingdom of Avanti. They were close allies of the Kauravas and during the Kurukshetra War, they fought from their side and were ultimately killed by the Pandava hero Arjuna. According to Bhagavata Purana, they also had a resentment toward their cousin Krishna, stemming from his marriage to their sister Mitravinda and his alliance with the Pandavas.

Kaurava
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term referring to descendant of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic Mahabharata. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari. Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and Chitrasena are the most popular among the brothers. They also had a sister named  Dussala and a half-brother named Yuyutsu.
Emile Kellogg Boisot
Emile Kellogg Boisot (February 26, 1859 – February 1, 1941) was President of the First Trust and Savings Bank of Chicago, Illinois. He was vice president of the Chicago First National Bank and director of a number of corporations.

First Chicago Bank
First Chicago Bank was an American retail and commercial bank based in Chicago, Illinois. Its roots trace back to 1863, when it received one of the first charters under the then new National Bank Act.  Over the years, the bank operated under several names including The First National Bank of Chicago and First Chicago NBD (following its 1995 merger with the former National Bank of Detroit).  In 1998, First Chicago NBD merged with Banc One Corporation to form Bank One Corporation, today a part of Chase.
Structural violence
Structural violence is a form of violence wherein some social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs or rights.

The term was coined by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, who introduced it in his 1969 article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research". Some examples of structural violence as proposed by Galtung include institutionalized racism, sexism, and classism, among others. Structural violence and direct violence are said to be highly interdependent, including family violence, gender violence, hate crimes, racial violence, police violence, state violence, terrorism, and war. It is very closely linked to social injustice insofar as it affects people differently in various social structures.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Halvor Stenstadvold
Halvor Stenstadvold (born (1944-08-06)6 August 1944) is a Norwegian businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. A political scientist by education, he spent most of his career in the Federation of Norwegian Industries and Orkla Group. He has also been the chair of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, the Research Council of Norway and the Oslo Stock Exchange. As a politician he has been acting mayor of Bærum municipality as well as State Secretary.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Dave Weeks
David Hart Weeks (born December 21, 1960) is an American politician, retired U.S. Navy Captain, and businessman who serves as the Vermont state senator from Rutland. A Republican, Weeks was elected to the Vermont Senate in 2022 and 2024, as one of three at-large senators representing the Rutland County Senate district.

Rutland County, Vermont
Rutland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,572, making it the second-most populous county in Vermont. Its county seat and most populous municipality is the city of Rutland.
TE33A
The TE33A (ТЭ33А) is a type of diesel locomotive developed by GE Transportation Systems for 1,520 mm gauge railways. It is part of the GE Evolution Series family.

Following the delivery of an initial 10 locomotives from GE's plant at Erie, Pennsylvania, in the US, TE33A locomotives are being assembled from kits by the JSC Lokomotiv subsidiary of Kazakhstan Temir Zholy at a new factory in Astana which was opened by President Nursultan Nazarbayev on 3 July 2009.

5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways
Railways with a railway track gauge of 5 ft (1,524 mm) first appeared in the United Kingdom and the United States. This gauge became commonly known as "Russian gauge", because the government of the Russian Empire chose it in 1843. Former areas and states (such as Finland) of the Empire have inherited this standard. However in 1970, Soviet Railways redefined the gauge as 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in).

With about 225,000 km (140,000 mi) of track, 1,520 mm is the second-most common gauge in the world, after 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.
Darío Acosta Zurita
Darío Acosta Zurita (14 December 1908 – 25 July 1931) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest who ministered in Veracruz where he lived and was killed. Zurita commenced his studies for the priesthood after he had once been refused entrance and he became known as an athletic seminarian. Bishop Rafael Guízar Valencia ordained him in 1931 and he was killed three months later after gunmen stormed the cathedral – enacting the so-called Tejeda Law – and shot him dead.

Zurita's beatification cause commenced under Pope John Paul II on 3 September 1988 and he was beatified under Pope Benedict XVI on 20 November 2005 after the latter confirmed that Zurita had been killed 'in odium fidei' – in hatred of the faith. Cardinal José Saraiva Martins presided over the beatification on the pontiff's behalf in Guadalajara.

Adalberto Tejeda Olivares
Sixto Adalberto Tejeda Olivares (28 March 1883 – 8 September 1960) was a Mexican politician, who served two terms (1920–1924 and 1928–1932) as Governor of Veracruz. He was born in Chicontepec de Tejeda, Veracruz.

During the Mexican Revolution, Tejeda obtained the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1918, he was elected Senator.

Tejeda was also a diplomat. He served as the Mexican Ambassador to France (1935-1937), Spain (1937-1939), and Peru (1942). He was also promulgator of 197 Law or "Tejeda Law", based in Calles Law.
Caguas Valley
The Caguas Valley (Spanish: Valle de Caguas), or the Caguas-Juncos Valley, and popularly referred to as the Turabo Valley (Valle del Turabo), is a large valley lying between two mountain subranges of the Cordillera Central, Sierra de Cayey and Sierra de Luquillo, in the eastern region of the main island of Puerto Rico. From west to east, the valley is concentrated in the municipalities of Caguas, Gurabo, San Lorenzo, Juncos, Las Piedras, and Humacao.

Juncos, Puerto Rico
Juncos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuŋkos]) is a town and one of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico. It is located in the eastern central region of the island to the west of the Caguas Valley, south of Canóvanas and Carolina; southeast of Gurabo; east of San Lorenzo; and west of Las Piedras. Juncos is spread over 9 barrios and Juncos barrio-pueblo (the downtown area and administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Juncos was founded on the request of Tomás Pizarro on August 2, 1797, having previously been a village which evolved from a small ranch, the Hatillo de los Juncos. This ranch was part of the Hato del Valenciano, which gave its name to the Río Valenciano which bisects the city before joining the Río Gurabo to the north of the settlement.

Juncos is Spanish for reeds.
Luke Williams (football manager)
Luke Williams (born 1 May 1981) is an English professional football manager who is manager of EFL League One club Peterborough United.

Born in London, Williams played youth football but suffered an injury at age 19, which stopped him from playing professionally. He began his coaching career at Leyton Orient and West Ham United. He spent several years coaching Brighton & Hove Albion's under-21s and made his first-team managerial debut with Swindon Town in 2015. After coaching Bristol City's under-23s, Williams became the assistant coach to Russell Martin at Milton Keynes Dons in 2019 and Swansea City in 2021.

Williams was appointed head coach of Notts County in 2022, leading them to Football League promotion in his first season and breaking several club records, including the most wins and points in a season. In 2024, he returned to Swansea City as head coach before joining Peterborough a year later.

Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. Under-21s and Academy
The Brighton & Hove Albion Under-21s and Academy are the youth teams of Brighton & Hove Albion. The under-21 players play in the Premier League 2, the highest tier of under-21 team football in England. They also compete in the EFL Trophy, the National League Cup, the Premier League International Cup, the Sussex Senior Challenge Cup and the HKFC Soccer Sevens.The academy teams culminate with the under-18's squad, who compete in the U18 Premier League Division South, the FA Youth Cup and the U18 Premier League Cup.

In 2024 the under-21's won the HKFC Soccer Sevens, defeating Aston Villa 2–0 in the final. In 2025 the under-21's progressed to the final, but were beaten by 1–0 by Jong AZ after extra time.
2015 CONCACAF U-17 Championship qualifying
The qualifying competitions for the 2015 CONCACAF U-17 Championship were handled by two regional of CONCACAF's bodies; the Caribbean Football Union (Caribbean zone) and the Central American Football Union (Central American zone).

Representative teams from Canada, Mexico and the United States automatically qualified for the final competition.

Caribbean Football Union
The Caribbean Football Union (CFU) is the representative organization for football associations in the Caribbean. It represents 25 FIFA member nations, as well as 6 territories that are not affiliated with FIFA. The Union was established in January 1978 and its member associations compete in the CONCACAF region.

The CFU runs multiple competitions, including the CFU Club Shield, CONCACAF Caribbean Cup, and youth challenge series.
Robot Dreams (film)
Robot Dreams (French: Mon ami robot) is a 2023 independent animated tragicomedy film written and directed by Pablo Berger. A Spanish-French co-production, it is based on the 2007 graphic novel of the same name by Sara Varon. The film follows an unusual friendship between a Labrador Retriever and a robot in New York City in 1985. The film has no dialogue.

Robot Dreams had its world premiere at the 76th Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 2023, in the Special Screenings section. It received critical acclaim and won Best Film in the Contrechamp section of the Annecy International Animation Film Festival as well as Best Independent Animated Feature at the 51st Annie Awards. It also won the Goya Award for Best Animated Film and the European Film Award for Best Animated Feature Film, and was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 96th Academy Awards.

Annecy International Animation Film Festival
The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (French: Festival international du film d'animation d'Annecy, officially abbreviated in English as the Annecy Festival, or simply Annecy) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became an annual event in 1998.
Hildegarde Howard
Hildegarde Howard (April 3, 1901 – February 28, 1998) was an American pioneer in paleornithology. She was mentored by the famous ornithologist, Joseph Grinnell, at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) and in avian paleontology. She was well known for her discoveries in the La Brea Tar Pits, among them the Rancho La Brea eagles. She discovered and described Pleistocene flightless waterfowl at the prehistoric Ballona wetlands of coastal Los Angeles County at Playa del Rey. In 1953, Howard became the third woman to be awarded the Brewster Medal. She was the first woman president of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Hildegarde wrote 150 papers throughout her career.

La Brea Tar Pits
La Brea Tar Pits comprise an active paleontological research site in urban Los Angeles. Hancock Park was formed around a group of tar pits where natural asphalt (also called asphaltum, bitumen, or pitch; brea in Spanish) has seeped up from the ground for tens of thousands of years. Over many centuries, the bones of trapped animals have been preserved. The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there. "La Brea Tar Pits" is a registered National Natural Landmark.
REEM
REEM is a prototype humanoid robot built by PAL Robotics in Spain. It is a 1.70 m high humanoid robot with 22 degrees of freedom, with a mobile base with wheels, allowing it to move at 4 km/hour. The upper part of the robot consists of a torso with a touch screen, two motorized arms, which give it a high degree of expression, and a head, which is also motorized.

REEM-A and REEM-B are the first and second prototypes of humanoid robots created by PAL Robotics. REEM-B can recognize, grasp and lift objects and walk by itself, avoiding obstacles through simultaneous localization and mapping. The robot accepts voice commands and can recognize faces.

Humanoid robot
A humanoid robot is a robot resembling the human body in shape. The design may be aimed at functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments and working alongside humans, for experimental purposes, such as the study of bipedal locomotion, or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots are characterized by their anthropomorphic design, which includes a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs. However, some humanoid robots may have a more limited range of body replicas, comprising only a subset of the above-mentioned components. Androids are humanoid robots designed to more closely resemble the human physique. The term "Gynoid" is sometimes used to refer to female-looking robots.
Oliní Group
The Oliní Group (Spanish: Grupo Oliní, K3k5o, K2ol, Kso) is a fossiliferous geological group of the VMM, VSM and the eastern flanks of the Central and western flanks of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The regional group stretches from north to south across approximately 700 kilometres (430 mi) and dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Coniacian, Santonian and Campanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 287 metres (942 ft). Fossils of Eonatator coellensis have been found in the unit, near Coello, Tolima.

Coniacian
The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series and spans the time between 89.8 ± 0.3 Ma and 85.7 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Coniacian is preceded by the Turonian and followed by the Santonian.
Doris Burke
Doris Burke (née Sable; born January 4, 1965) is an American sports announcer and analyst for NBA on ESPN, NBA on ABC, College Basketball on ESPN, and College Basketball on ABC games. She formerly worked as an analyst for WNBA games on MSG and has worked on New York Knicks games. Burke was the first female commentator to call a New York Knicks game on radio and television.

Burke played college basketball for the Providence Friars, finishing her career as the school's leader in assists. Honored for her pioneering work, Burke was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as the 2018 Curt Gowdy Media Award winner.

In 2023, ESPN named Burke to its No. 1 NBA commentary team. She became the first woman to serve as a game analyst on television for a championship final (the 2024 NBA Finals) in one of the four major North American professional men's sports leagues.

Providence Friars women's basketball
The Providence Friars women's basketball team represents Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. The school's team competes in the Big East Conference where it has competed since the 1982–83 season. Under coach Kay McDonald, the women’s basketball team began competing in the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) in 1974–75, obtaining a 9–4 record and its first winning season.
Iwami, Tottori
Iwami (岩美町, Iwami-chō) is a town located in Iwami District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2022, the town had an estimated population of 10,998 in 4429  households and a population density of 90 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 122.32 square kilometres (47.23 sq mi). Iwami lies entirely within the San'in Kaigan Geopark. Iwami is San'in Kaigan's biggest international beach resort.

Tottori Prefecture
Tottori Prefecture (鳥取県, Tottori-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [tot.to.ɾʲi, tot.to.ɾʲiꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Tottori Prefecture is the least populous prefecture of Japan at 538,525 (2023) and has a geographic area of 3,507.13 square kilometres (1,354.11 mi2). Tottori Prefecture borders Shimane Prefecture to the west, Hiroshima Prefecture to the southwest, Okayama Prefecture to the south, and Hyōgo Prefecture to the east.

Tottori is the capital and largest city of Tottori Prefecture, with other major cities including Yonago, Kurayoshi, and Sakaiminato. Tottori Prefecture is home to the Tottori Sand Dunes, the largest sand dunes system in Japan, and Mount Daisen, the highest peak in the Chūgoku Mountains.
Marcos Cáceres
Marcos Antonio Cáceres (born 5 May 1986) is a Paraguayan football defender who plays for Tacuary. He has previously played for Cerro Porteño, Guaraní, and in Argentina with Racing and Newell's Old Boys. As an international footballer, Cáceres was included in the squads for the 2011 and 2015 editions of the Copa América.

Cáceres started his playing career in 2006 with Cerro Porteño where he played a total of 24 games in all competitions before joining Racing Club in 2007. After 2 substitute appearances Cáceres quickly established himself as a regular starter in the Racing Club lineup.

2015 Copa América
The 2015 Copa América was the 44th edition of the Copa América, the main international football tournament for national teams in South America, and took place in Chile between 11 June and 4 July 2015. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

Twelve teams competed: the ten members of CONMEBOL and two guests from CONCACAF – Mexico and Jamaica, the latter of which competed in the Copa América for the first time.

Uruguay were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the host nation Chile in the quarter-finals. Chile won their first title, defeating Argentina in the final on penalties after a goalless draw. As winners, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.
Blue bloods (college basketball)
In American college basketball, blue bloods refers to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I basketball programs considered to be among the most elite, either contemporaneously or historically. Outside of sports, blue blood is used as an alternative term for nobility.

Basketball media writers often debate which men's programs are considered blue bloods. The men's programs of Duke, Kansas, Kentucky, UCLA, UNC, and UConn are often included when listing blue bloods. UConn's women's team along the Tennessee Lady Vols are too.

Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball
The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee in NCAA women's basketball competition. The team has been a contender for national titles for over forty years, having made every NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship tournament since the NCAA began sanctioning women's sports in the 1981–82 season.

The team is frequently referred to as the Lady Vols; the formal "Volunteers" nickname is regularly shortened by many fans of both men's and women's teams to "Vols". The university considers either "Lady Volunteers" or "Lady Vols" acceptable.

The Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times (with the most recent occurrence being in 2015), won 17 SEC tournament championships (with the most recent occurrence being in 2014), made 18 Final Four appearances (with the most recent occurrence being in 2008), and won 8 national championships (with the most recent being in 2008).
Joey Davis
Joel Malcolm Davis (born December 29, 1993) is an American professional mixed martial artist and graduated folkstyle wrestler who currently competes in the welterweight division. As a wrestler at Notre Dame College, he was the only four-time undefeated NCAA Division II National Champion in history and one of the three to do so across all NCAA divisions.

NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships
The NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships for individuals and teams were first officially sponsored in 1963 and have since been held annually.

The NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships is a double-elimination tournament for individuals competing in ten weight classes. Sixteen wrestlers in each class qualify through four "Super Regional" tournaments.  During the championships, individual match winners earn points based on the level and quality of the victory, which are totaled to determine the team championship standings.

In addition to determining the national championship, the NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships also determine the Division II All-America team. The top eight finishers in each weight class qualify for Division II All-American status.

On March 13, 2020, the NCAA cancelled all of its 2020 wrestling championships due to the COVID-19 pandemic.