hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piling-up lemma
In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximations to the action of block ciphers. It was introduced by Mitsuru Matsui (1993) as an analytical tool for linear cryptanalysis. The lemma states that the bias (deviation of the expected value from 1/2) of a linear Boolean function (XOR-clause) of independent binary random variables is related to the product of the input biases:

or

where  is the bias (towards zero) and  the imbalance:

.

Conversely, if the lemma does not hold, then the input variables are not independent.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Profile (2018 film)
Profile is a 2018 screenlife thriller film directed by Timur Bekmambetov, from a screenplay by Bekmambetov, Britt Poulton, and Olga Kharina, based upon the non-fiction book In The Skin of a Jihadist by Anna Erelle. It stars Valene Kane, Shazad Latif, Christine Adams, Amir Rahimzadeh and Morgan Watkins.

The film had its world premiere at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival on February 17, 2018, in the Panorama section. It was released in the United States on May 14, 2021, by Focus Features, and received mixed reviews from critics.

68th Berlin International Film Festival
The 68th annual Berlin International Film Festival took place from 15 to 25 February 2018. German filmmaker Tom Tykwer served as Jury President.

American film director Wes Anderson's animated film Isle of Dogs opened the festival, becoming first animated film to open the fest. Romanian film Touch Me Not written and directed by Adina Pintilie won the Golden Bear, which also served as the closing night film.
Katamari Amore
Katamari Amore (塊魂 アモーレ, Katamari Amore) was a third-person puzzle-action video game published and developed by Namco Bandai Games for iOS. The game was released to the public on September 29, 2011. Katamari Amore is the second game of the Katamari franchise to be released on iOS, and it featured Game Center integration.

The game's plot revolves around the main character Prince retrieving specific items on the planet Earth for his father the King of All Cosmos.

Katamari Amore was removed from the App Store, along with several other Namco Bandai titles, on March 30, 2015. Most of the game had been accessed through in-app purchases, which became unavailable before then.

Katamari
Katamari is a Japanese video game franchise created by Keita Takahashi and developed and published by Namco (and subsequently Bandai Namco Entertainment). The series puts players in control of a young character called The Prince (also referred to as Dashing Prince or the Prince of All Cosmos) as he assists his father, the King of All Cosmos, in the re-creation of stars and planets by using a ball called a katamari to roll up objects. The first title in the series was Katamari Damacy for the PlayStation 2, which became a cult classic and led to several sequels and spin-offs.
Jordan Maletta
Jordan Maletta (born April 30, 1995) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. Maletta was signed as a free agent by the Columbus Blue Jackets on March 26, 2016. Prior to being signed by the Blue Jackets, he played junior ice hockey for the Windsor Spitfires and the Niagara Ice Dogs of the Ontario Hockey League.

Niagara IceDogs
The Niagara IceDogs are a major junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League based in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The franchise was originally known as the Mississauga IceDogs and founded in 1996. The team was relocated to St. Catharines and played its inaugural season in the Niagara region during the 2007–08 OHL season after nine seasons in Mississauga. In 2022, the team was acquired by majority owner Darren DeDobbelaer and minority owner Wayne Gretzky.
Quantum Detectors
Quantum Detectors Limited is a spin-out company from the Diamond Light Source and Science and Technology Facilities Council, although it also commercialises technology from other large scale facilities such as the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The function of the company is to take to market developments that would otherwise only be used by the funders of the development; this wider use of these new technologies benefits the scientific community through improved facilities and the developer through aiding them in meeting their impact / knowledge transfer obligations.

Quantum Detectors is based at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus close to the city of Oxford in the United Kingdom (UK).  The company was founded in 2007 and is privately owned by Diamond Light Source Ltd. and The Science and Technology Facilities council commercial arm, STFC Innovations Ltd.

Corporate spin-off
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, starburst or hive-off, is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. It is distinct from a sell-off, where a company sells a section to another company or firm in exchange for cash or securities.
Python Paste
Python Paste, often simply called paste, is a set of utilities for web development in Python.  Paste has been described as "a framework for web frameworks".

The Python Paste package contains Python modules that help in implementing WSGI middleware.

The package includes a WSGI wrapper for CGI applications. It also includes a simple webserver that can produce WSGI requests.

Web framework
A web framework (WF) or web application framework (WAF) is a software framework that is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. Web frameworks provide a standard way to build and deploy web applications on the World Wide Web. Web frameworks aim to automate the overhead associated with common activities performed in web development. For example, many web frameworks provide libraries for database access, templating frameworks, and session management, and they often promote code reuse. Although they often target development of dynamic web sites, they are also applicable to static websites.
Konstantin Sergeychuk
Konstantin Yakovlevich Sergeychuk (Russian: Константин Яковлевич Сергейчук; 23 January 1906 - 22 March 1971) was a Soviet politician who served as the People's Commissar of Communications and then as the Minister of Communications of the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1948.

People's Commissariat for Communications
The People's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR (Russian: Народный комиссариат связи СССР) was the central state agency of the Soviet Union for communications in the period 1932 to 1946. The Commissariat administered the postal, telegraph and telephone services.
Stoneywood, Falkirk
Stoneywood is a small village which lies in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is located 0.1 miles (0.2 km) west of Denny and 7.3 miles (11.7 km) west-northwest of Falkirk.

The village is located south of the River Carron along the B818 road on the outskirts of the town of Denny. 
At the time of the 2001 census the village had a population of 288 residents.

Denny, Falkirk
Denny (Scottish Gaelic: an Daingneach) is a town in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. Historically in Stirlingshire, it is situated 7 miles (11 kilometres) west of Falkirk, and 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Cumbernauld, adjacent to both the M80 and M876 motorways. At the 2011 census, Denny had a resident population of 8,300.
Sandy Parker
Sandy Parker (November 1, 1944 – June 2022) was a Canadian professional wrestler. She debuted in 1969, wrestling in Canada, the United States, and Japan. In Japan, she worked for All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling, holding numerous titles, and she was the first Black woman to win the WWWA World Single Championship in 1973. She also had an unofficial NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship reign with partner Sue Green. Wrestling journalist and historian Dave Meltzer has categorised Parker as "one of the best women professional wrestlers of the early 1970s".

NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship
The NWA World Women's Tag Team Championship is a women's professional wrestling tag team championship defended in member promotions of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). Ella Waldek and Mae Young are the inaugural champions. The current champions are The Hex (Allysin Kay and Marti Belle), who are in their second reign as a team and individually. They won the titles by defeating TVMA (Tiffany Nieves and Valentina) on December 13, 2025 at the NWA Powerrr tapings (aired February 10, 2026) in St. Louis, Missouri.
Hitomi Mieno
Hitomi Mieno (三重野 瞳, Mieno Hitomi; born December 21, 1977 in Fukuoka Prefecture) is a Japanese singer and screenwriter. She has released 17 singles and 11 albums since her debut in 1994. Several of her songs have been used as openings and endings of anime and radio dramas. She has also written the screenplays of various anime series under the alias of Deko Akao (赤尾 でこ, Akao Deko), including Noragami, Frame Arms Girl and After the Rain.

Frame Arms Girl
Frame Arms Girl (Japanese: フレームアームズ・ガール, Hepburn: Furēmu Āmuzu Gāru) is a series of heavily customizable model kit girls produced by Kotobukiya, originally released in 2015 as a moé reimagining of the more traditional, equally customizable Frame Arms mecha line and acts as a sister series to the Megami Device line of more traditional, non-derivative mecha musume kits, of which the line has regularly crossed over with.

A prequel manga for the anime by Tsuneo Tsuneishi began serialization in Kadokawa Shoten's Comp Ace magazine in December 2016. An anime television series inspired by the line aired from April 3, 2017, to June 19, 2017. A recap film Frame Arms Girl: Kyakkyau Fufu na Wonderland was released on June 29, 2019.
Renan Paulino
Renan Paulino de Souza (born 15 February 1995), known as Renan Paulino or simply Renan, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. He has spent most of his career playing in South American clubs, notably Portuguesa.

Associação Portuguesa de Desportos
Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, commonly referred to as Portuguesa or Lusa, is a Brazilian professional football club based in the district of Pari, São Paulo, that competes in the Campeonato Paulista, the top tier of the São Paulo state football league, and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D. It is part of a sports club, founded on 14 August 1920, by the Portuguese population of the city.
Louis Fourie (rugby union)
Louis Johannes Fourie (born 28 January 1991) is a South African professional rugby union player that played provincial rugby for the Eastern Province Kings and Varsity Rugby for NMMU Madibaz. His regular position is lock.

Eastern Province Elephants
The Eastern Province Elephants (Afrikaans: Oostelike Provinsie Olifante), known as the Multisure Eastern Province Elephants for sponsorship reasons, are a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup and Rugby Challenge competitions. They are governed by the Eastern Province Rugby Union (EPRU or EP Rugby). The team represents the Western half of the Eastern Cape province, and they play their home games at the Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium in Port Elizabeth.

In February 2018, the EPRU announced that the name of the team would revert to Eastern Province Elephants for the 2018 season.
Nestor Gréhant
Nestor Louis François Gréhant (2 April 1838 in Laon – 26 March 1910) was a French physiologist.

In 1864 he received his medical doctorate in Paris, where he later earned a doctorate in natural sciences (1870). He served as a préparateur to Claude Bernard at the faculty of sciences in Paris, and subsequently became director of the laboratory of general physiology at the École pratique des Hautes Études. In Paris, he also served as a professor of physiology at the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. In 1905 he became a member of the Académie de médecine.

He is best remembered for his studies of blood and blood circulation (measurement of cardiac output in animals) and respiration. He also made contributions in his research of the nervous system, of muscle activity, toxicology, anaesthesia and experimental hygiene. He developed a number of devices that he used in research, including a grisoumètre (firedamp detector) that was still in use in coal mines up until 1950.

Methanometer
A methanometer  is an instrument used to measure methane gas in the air of a mine.  The Mine Safety Appliances Company Ltd. manufactured the first type - W8 Methanometer around 1950 and it was approved for use by the Ventilation Regulations of 1947. The Methanometer could be powered by an Edison battery cap lamp and it could be carried on a miner's belt with other tools. Methane is the main gas present in firedamp. It is highly explosive and had previously been detected by the blue halo effect it gave to the flame of a safety lamp.

By 1983, several instruments for measuring methane concentration in air had been developed. These relied on such methods as the differential heating of an incandescent platinum filament, or by measuring the higher absorption of infrared radiation by gas containing methane.
MuleSoft
MuleSoft, LLC. is a software company headquartered in San Francisco, that provides integration software for connecting applications, data and devices, founded in 2006. The company's Anypoint Platform of integration products is designed to integrate software as a service (SaaS), on-premises software, legacy systems and other platforms.

In 2018, Mulesoft was acquired by Salesforce for $6.5 billion in a cash-and-stock deal.

On-premises software
On-premises software (abbreviated to on-prem, and often written as "on-premise") is installed and runs on computers on the premises of the person or organization using the software, rather than at a remote facility such as a server farm or cloud. On-premises software is sometimes referred to as "shrinkwrap" software, and off-premises software is commonly called "software as a service" ("SaaS") or "cloud computing".

The software consists of database and modules that are combined to particularly serve the unique needs of the large organizations regarding the automation of corporate-wide business system and its functions.
1980 AFC Asian Cup final
The 1980 AFC Asian Cup final was a football match that took place on 30 September 1980, at the Sabah Al-Salem Stadium in Kuwait City, Kuwait, to determine the winner of the 1980 AFC Asian Cup. Kuwait defeated South Korea 3–0 with one goal from Al-Houti and two goals from Al-Dakhil, to win their first AFC Asian Cup.

Sabah Al Salem Stadium
Sabah al-Salem Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Al Arabi Kuwait. The stadium holds 26,000 people and had hosted many matches of the 1980 AFC Asian Cup, including the final.

It is the home stadium of Al Arabi.

29°21′25″N 48°0′1″E﻿ / ﻿29.35694°N 48.00028°E﻿ / 29.35694; 48.00028
Bechtler Museum of Modern Art
The Bechtler Museum of Modern Art in Charlotte, North Carolina, is a 36,500-square-foot (3,390 m2) museum space dedicated to the exhibition of mid-20th-century modern art. The modern art museum is part of the new Levine Center for the Arts in Uptown Charlotte. The museum building was designed by architect Mario Botta.

The museum is named after the family of Andreas Bechtler, a Charlotte resident and native of Switzerland who assembled and inherited a collection of more than 1,400 artworks created by major figures of 20th-century modernism. The Bechtler Museum of Modern Art opened to the public on January 2, 2010, with former mayor of Charlotte Anthony Foxx and Andreas Bechtler in attendance.

Mint Museum
The Mint Museum, also referred to as The Mint Museums, is a cultural institution comprising two museums, located in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Mint Museum Randolph and Mint Museum Uptown, together these two locations have hundreds of collections showcasing art and design from around the globe.

In 2018, The Mint Museum announced Todd A. Herman, PhD, former Executive Director at The Arkansas Arts Center, as the new president and CEO. Bruce LaRowe, former Executive Director of Children's Theatre of Charlotte, was the Interim CEO on June 21, 2017. He assumed the role after the end of Dr. Kathleen V. Jameson's presidency in 2017.
Emily Nicholl
Emily Nicholl (born 24 May 1994) is a Scotland netball international. She represented Scotland at the 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth Games and at 2019 and 2023 Netball World Cups. Between 2017 and 2024, she played for Sirens in the Netball Super League. She has captained both Scotland and Sirens.

Scotland national netball team
The Scotland national netball team represents Scotland in international netball tournaments such as the Netball World Cup, Netball at the Commonwealth Games and the Netball Europe Open Championships. As of 1 September 2025, Scotland are listed 10th on the World Netball Rankings.
Direct (Tower of Power album)
Direct is a 1981 live in-studio album by Tower of Power. It was their only album for the direct-to-disc record label Sheffield Lab. It also marked the return of original guitarist Willie James Fulton, not heard from since 1972's Bump City, and the last album to feature saxophonist Lenny Pickett. Mark Sanders plays drums on this album. Between this album and their 1987 comeback album Power, they would record the sessions that later became the Dinosaur Tracks CD.  Besides that, save for the original single release of "Simple as That" (from the same Dinosaur Tracks sessions), this would be their last new release until 1987. It contained mostly songs from their previous albums, but included new material as well.

Direct would later be re-released with alternate takes on CD as Direct Plus! in 1997.

Tower of Power
Tower of Power is an American R&B and funk band and horn section, originating in Oakland, California, that has been performing since 1968. The band has had a number of lead vocalists, the best-known being Lenny Williams, who fronted the band between early 1973 and late 1974, the period of their greatest commercial success. They have had eight songs on the Billboard Hot 100; their highest-charting songs include "You're Still a Young Man", "So Very Hard to Go", "What Is Hip?", and "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)".
Darauli Assembly constituency
Darauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is a Legislative Assembly constituency in Siwan district in the Indian state of Bihar. It has reserved for scheduled castes since 2010. Before 2010, it was an open seat (unreserved). The current MLA of this Legislative Assembly constituency is Satyadeo Ram.

State legislative assemblies of India
The State Legislative Assembly, also known as the Vidhan Sabha or the Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India. Members of the legislative assembly are often directly elected to serve five year terms from single-member constituencies. A legislative assembly may be dissolved in a state of emergency, by the governor on request of the chief minister of the respective state or union territory, or if a motion of no confidence is passed against the ruling majority party or coalition.
August Frank memorandum
The August Frank memorandum of 26 September 1942 was a directive from SS Lieutenant General (Obergruppenführer) August Frank of the SS concentration camp administration department (SS-WVHA).  The memorandum provides a measure of the detailed planning that Frank and other Nazis put into the carrying out of the Holocaust. It includes instructions as to the disposition of postage stamp collections and underwear of the murdered Jews. It is clear that the Nazis were intent on removing everything of value from their victims.

The memorandum contains an instruction that the yellow stars that the Nazis forced Jews to wear on their clothing were to be removed before the clothing was redistributed to ethnic Germans whom the Nazis were resettling into occupied Poland.  This memorandum, when it came to light after the war, played a key role in refuting Frank's claims that he had no knowledge that Jews were being murdered en masse in the extermination camps of Operation Reinhard.

Yellow badge
The yellow badge, also known as the yellow patch, the Jewish badge, or the yellow star (German: Judenstern, lit. 'Jew's star'), was an accessory that Jews were required to wear in certain non-Jewish societies throughout history. A Jew's ethno-religious identity, which would be denoted by the badge, would help to mark them as an outsider. Legislation that mandated Jewish subjects to wear such items has been documented in some Middle Eastern caliphates and in some European kingdoms during the medieval period and the early modern period. The most recent usage of yellow badges was during World War II, when Jews living in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe were ordered to wear a yellow Star of David to keep their Jewish identity disclosed to the public in the years leading up to the Holocaust.
NHS Evidence
NHS Evidence was a UK health care evidence search service that enabled users to access clinical and non-clinical evidence and best practice information through its web-based portal. Its purpose was to help users within the National Health Service (NHS), public health and social care sectors in decision-making by fostering evidence-based practices. NHS Evidence was managed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). It was created in 2008 and as of 2024 is no longer in operation; NICE directs would-be users to alternate services on its website.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care of the United Kingdom.

As the national health technology assessment body of England, it is responsible for judging the cost-effectiveness of medicines and making them available on the NHS through reimbursement, with its judgements informing decisions in Wales and Northern Ireland. It also provides a range of clinical guidance to the NHS in England and Wales, which are considered by Northern Ireland.
Herbert Heron
Herbert "Bert" Heron (born Herbert Heron Peet; October 26, 1883 – January 7, 1968) was an American writer, actor, producer and mayor. Heron is best known for founding the Forest Theater in 1910. He was the mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, for two terms in the 1930s. He lived in Carmel for 62 years.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Carmel-by-the-Sea (/kɑːrˈmɛl/), commonly known simply as Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, located on the Central Coast of California. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 3,220, down from 3,722 at the 2010 census. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is a tourist destination, known for its natural scenery and artistic history.

The Spanish founded a settlement in 1771, when Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo was relocated by St. Junípero Serra from Monterey. Mission Carmel served as the headquarters of the Californian mission system, until the Mexican secularization act of 1833, when the area was divided into rancho grants. The settlement was largely abandoned by the U.S. Conquest of California in 1848 and stayed undeveloped until Santiago J. Duckworth built a summer colony in 1888. When the Carmel Development Company was formed in 1902, Carmel became an art colony and seaside resort, which incorporated in 1916.