hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colorado ex rel. Suthers v. Hall
Colorado ex rel. Suthers v. Hall was a Colorado District Court case dealing with the use of civil disobedience, specifically by issuing same-sex marriage licenses to couples despite the stay of court rulings supporting them. The Court found that a county clerk was indeed allowed to engage in this practice did not meet its burden to stay the clerk from doing so. The Colorado Court of Appeals agreed; the Colorado Supreme Court has stayed the clerk's actions while it waits to hear the case after October 20, 2014.

Colorado Court of Appeals
The Colorado Court of Appeals (Colo. App.) is the intermediate-level appellate court for the state of Colorado.  It was initially established by statute in 1891 and was reestablished in its current form in 1970  by the Colorado General Assembly under Article VI, Section 1 of the Constitution of Colorado.

The Colorado Court of Appeals was first abolished in 1905, then reinstated in 1913, and abolished again in 1917. It has held its modern jurisdiction since 1970.
USA Climbing
USA Climbing is the national governing body of the sport of competition climbing in the United States. As a 501(c)3 non-profit, they promote Sport Climbing which comprises three competition disciplines: bouldering, lead climbing, and speed climbing, in elite, youth and collegiate formats.

USA Climbing receives sanctioning and is recognized by the following organizations: the International Federation of Sport Climbing (IFSC), the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee.

World Climbing
World Climbing (formerly known as the International Federation of Sport Climbing or IFSC) is the international governing body for the sport of competition climbing, which consists of the disciplines lead climbing, bouldering, and speed climbing.

The federation officially launched the name World Climbing on December 10, 2025, following approval by its National Federations and subsequent amendment of its statutes in October 2023.
Bruno Junqueira
Bruno Furtado Junqueira (born November 4, 1976) is a Brazilian former professional racing driver who most recently competed in the IRL IndyCar Series. He is a former Formula 3000 champion and three-time runner-up in the Champ Car World Series.

Champ Car World Series
Champ Car World Series (CCWS) was an American open-wheel car racing series sanctioned by Open-Wheel Racing Series Inc., a sanctioning body that operated from 2004 to 2008. It was the successor to Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), which sanctioned open-wheel racing from 1979 until dissolving after the 2003 season.
No. 1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing RAF
No. 1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing (1 ISR Wing) is a wing of the Royal Air Force and is part of the ISTAR Force in No. 1 Group based at RAF Waddington. 1 ISR Wing is responsible for producing intelligence from imagery intelligence and electronic surveillance.

RAF Waddington
Royal Air Force Waddington (IATA: WTN, ICAO: EGXW), commonly known as RAF Waddington, and informally known by its nickname 'Waddo' is a Royal Air Force station located beside the village of Waddington, 4.2 miles (6.8 kilometres) south of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in England.

The station is the RAF's Intelligence Surveillance Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) hub.  It is home to a fleet of aircraft composed of the Beechcraft Shadow R1, Boeing RC-135W Rivet Joint, and General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper remotely piloted aircraft.  Since October 2022, it has also been home to the RAF's Aerobatic Team the Red Arrows.
Irish grammar
The morphology of Irish is in some respects typical of an Indo-European language. Nouns are declined for number and case, and verbs for person and number. Nouns are classified by masculine or feminine gender. Other aspects of Irish morphology, while typical for an Insular Celtic language, are not typical for Indo-European, such as the presence of inflected prepositions and the initial consonant mutations. Irish syntax is also rather different from that of most Indo-European languages, due to its use of the verb–subject–object word order.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Hypocnemoides
Hypocnemoides is a genus of passerine bird in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. It contains two species, the black-chinned antbird (H. melanopogon) and the band-tailed antbird (H. maculicauda). They are found in swampy areas of northern South America. There is limited overlap in their distributions with the band-tailed antbird occurring to the south of the Amazon River and the black-chinned antbird mainly found to the north. They are fairly small birds, 11.5–12 cm in length, with a short tail and longish bill. Their plumage is grey with areas of black and white. They forage for food near water in the understorey or on the ground. The name Hypocnemoides is a combination of the genus name Hypocnemis and -oides (Greek for "resembling").

The genus contains two species:

Black-chinned antbird, Hypocnemoides melanopogon

Band-tailed antbird, Hypocnemoides maculicauda

Black-chinned antbird
The black-chinned antbird (Hypocnemoides melanopogon) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
German throne dispute
The German throne dispute or German throne controversy (German: Deutscher Thronstreit) was a political conflict in the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 to 1215. This dispute, between the House of Hohenstaufen and the House of Welf, was over the successor to Emperor Henry VI, who had just died. After a conflict lasting 17 years, the Hohenstaufen Frederick II prevailed.

Hohenstaufen
The Hohenstaufen dynasty (/ˈhoʊənʃtaʊfən/, US also /-staʊ-/, German: [ˌhoːənˈʃtaʊfn̩]), also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of German origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynasty's most prominent rulers – Frederick I (1155), Henry VI (1191) and Frederick II (1220) – ascended the imperial throne and also reigned over Italy and Burgundy. The non-contemporary name of 'Hohenstaufen' is derived from the family's Hohenstaufen Castle on Hohenstaufen mountain at the northern fringes of the Swabian Jura, near the town of Göppingen. Under Hohenstaufen rule, the Holy Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent from 1155 to 1268.
Diana Andringa
Diana Andringa GColL (born 21 August 1947), is an Angola-born Portuguese journalist, columnist, documentary filmmaker and producer. She is best known for co-directing the Guinea-Bissau film The Two Faces of War along with Flora Gomes.

Order of Liberty
The Order of Liberty, or the Order of Freedom (Portuguese: Ordem da Liberdade), is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignity. The order was created in 1976, after the Carnation Revolution of 1974 in which the corporatist authoritarian Estado Novo regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcello Caetano was deposed. The Grand Collar can also be given by the President of Portugal to former Heads of State and others whose deeds are of an extraordinary nature and particular relevance to Portugal, making them worthy of such a distinction. This can include political acts, physical acts of defense for Portugal, or the good representation of Portugal in other countries.
Gianfranco Bedin
Gianfranco Bedin (Italian pronunciation: [dʒaɱˈfraŋko beˈdin]; born 24 July 1945) is a former Italian footballer who played as a box-to-box or defensive midfielder. Bedin began his career with Internazionale, playing for the team for a decade, and was part of their European Cup victory in 1965; he later also played for Sampdoria, Varese, Livorno and Rondinella. At international level, he also earned 6 caps for the Italy national football team between 1966 and 1972.

1964–65 European Cup
The 1964–65 European Cup was the tenth season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Inter Milan for the second time in row, beating 1–0 two-time former champions Benfica in a final at San Siro, Milan, on 27 May 1965. It meant that Italian teams had won three consecutive titles (AC Milan had won it in 1962–63).

During this edition a coin toss was used a record three times to decide winners of the ties after play-off matches ended as draws.

Iceland entered its champion for the first time this season, while Cyprus did not enter this time around.
Jerry Maygarden
Jerry Louis Maygarden (born December 22, 1948) is  a former American politician who served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1994 to 2002. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 55th Mayor of Pensacola from 1991 to 1994.

Mayor of Pensacola
The mayor of the City of Pensacola is the chief executive officer and holder of the city of Pensacola, Florida. The mayor's office is located at the city hall at 222 West Main Street in Downtown, and owns an estate near the Texar Bayou in East Pensacola.
Solar eclipse of June 21, 1982
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, June 21, 1982, with a magnitude of 0.6168. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This was the second of four partial solar eclipses in 1982, with the others occurring on January 25, July 20, and December 15.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Southern Africa.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Graeffe's method
In mathematics, Graeffe's method or Dandelin–Lobachesky–Graeffe method is an algorithm for finding all of the roots of a polynomial.  It was developed independently by Germinal Pierre Dandelin in 1826 and Lobachevsky in 1834. In 1837 Karl Heinrich Gräffe also discovered the principal idea of the method.  The method separates the roots of a polynomial by squaring them repeatedly. This squaring of the roots is done implicitly, that is, only working on the coefficients of the polynomial. Finally, Viète's formulas are used in order to approximate the roots.

Vieta's formulas
In mathematics, Vieta's formulas relate the coefficients of a polynomial to sums and products of its roots. They are named after François Viète (1540-1603), more commonly referred to by the Latinised form of his name, "Franciscus Vieta."
Director's Company
Director's Company (ディレクターズ・カンパニー, Direkutāzu・Kanpanī) was a Japanese film production company created in 1982 to provide a venue outside the major studio system for young proven filmmakers to grow artistically.

The company's president, Susumu Miyasaka, came from an advertising and public relations background and he was joined by founding members Kazuhiko Hasegawa, Toshiharu Ikeda, Gakuryū Ishii, Kazuyuki Izutsu, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Kichitaro Negishi, Kazuki Ōmori, Shinji Sōmai and Banmei Takahashi, none of them older than 36 years of age. Many started their mainstream career at this time, building upon Miyasaka's ideal of expanding the restricting ambitions of Nikkatsu's Roman Porno and pink films.

For distribution of its works, the group maintained links with major companies such as Nikkatsu, Kadokawa Pictures and Art Theatre Guild, as well as the smaller firms New Century Producers and Kitty Films. The company dissolved due to bankruptcy in 1992, ten years after its foundation.

Gakuryū Ishii
Gakuryu Ishii (石井 岳龍, Ishii Gakuryū; born January 15, 1957), formerly known as Sogo Ishii (石井 聰亙, Ishii Sōgo), is a Japanese filmmaker known for his stylistic punk films, which helped spark the cyberpunk movement in Japan. A number of contemporary filmmakers including Quentin Tarantino have cited Ishii's films as an influence.
Estadio Sausalito
Estadio Sausalito (Spanish pronunciation: [sawsaˈlito]; Sausalito Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Viña del Mar, Chile.

It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CD Everton.  The stadium holds 23,423 people, was built in 1929 and completely renovated in 2015. The stadium has hosted the 1962 World Cup, two times the Copa América (1991 and 2015) and a FIFA U-17 World Cup.

The name comes from sister city Sausalito, California, who in turn renamed their main square for Viña del Mar in the 1960s.

2015 Copa América
The 2015 Copa América was the 44th edition of the Copa América, the main international football tournament for national teams in South America, and took place in Chile between 11 June and 4 July 2015. The competition was organized by CONMEBOL, South America's football governing body.

Twelve teams competed: the ten members of CONMEBOL and two guests from CONCACAF – Mexico and Jamaica, the latter of which competed in the Copa América for the first time.

Uruguay were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the host nation Chile in the quarter-finals. Chile won their first title, defeating Argentina in the final on penalties after a goalless draw. As winners, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.
County Route 9 (Orange County, New York)
County Route 9 (CR 9) is a two-lane highway in eastern Orange County, New York, in the United States. The route is 10.0 miles (16.1 km) long, stretching north from an intersection with New York State Route 32 (NY 32) in the hamlet of Central Valley to a junction with NY 218 in the town of Cornwall, just west of the village of Cornwall-on-Hudson. CR 9 passes several historical buildings, such as the Carvey–Gatfield House, Cromwell Manor, the David Sutherland House, and the Sands Ring Homestead Museum.

The northern terminus of CR 9 was originally located at Quaker Avenue in Cornwall, then designated as part of New York State Route 307. NY 307 continued north on Main Street to Hudson Street, where it ended at NY 218. In 1980, ownership and maintenance of NY 307 was transferred to Orange County, and its routing became part of two county routes: an extended CR 9 and the new County Route 107.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God, Wojnowo
The Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God is one of six women's monasteries under the jurisdiction of the Polish Orthodox Church. It is located in Wojnowo, within the Diocese of Białystok and Gdańsk.

The first women's monastic community in Wojnowo was established in 1935, inspired by Father Aleksandr Avayev, the local parson. The last nun from this group, rassophore Sister Ludmiła, moved to the monastery on Grabarka Holy Mount in 1956. Nearly 40 years later, efforts to revive the monastery were undertaken, and it resumed operations by decree of Archbishop Sawa of the Diocese of Białystok and Gdańsk. In its early years of revival, the community was dedicated to the Intercession of the Theotokos, a title changed in 2010 to the Dormition of the Mother of God.

Grabarka Holy Mount
Grabarka Holy Mount (Polish: Święta Góra Grabarka) is a mount located next to the village of the same name in the Nurzec-Stacja Commune, Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship in eastern Poland. It is the most important place of religious worship for Orthodox believers in Poland. The complex includes nunnery of Saints Martha and Mary (Polish: Monaster Świętych Marty i Marii
na Świętej Górze Grabarce), established in 1947, as well as three monastery churches (the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ Church, the Icon of Our Lady "The Joy of All Who Sorrow" and the refectory church of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos). The main monastery church, the Transfiguration of Jesus Christ Church is also a parish church. The monastery, Orthodox churches and two Pilgrim Houses (wooden and brick) make up the Grabarka-Klasztor settlement. There is also an Orthodox cemetery in the settlement. The complex has 9 ha.
Carlos Kameni
Idris Carlos Kameni (born 18 February 1984) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper.

He spent the vast majority of his career in Spain, mainly with Espanyol for whom he appeared in 229 official games over eight La Liga seasons. He also competed professionally in France and Turkey.

A Cameroonian international before he was 20, Kameni represented the country in two World Cups and six Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Gadhi Rural Municipality
Gadhi (Nepali: गढी गाउँपालिका) is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of six rural municipality located in Sunsari District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 12 municipalities in Sunsari in which 6 are urban and 6 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Gadhi has an area of 67.7 square kilometres (26.1 sq mi) and the total population of the municipality is 34852 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

Madheli, Aurabani, Chhitaha and Satterjhora which previously were all separate Village development committee merged to form this new local level body. Fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development replaced all old VDCs and Municipalities into 753 new local level body (Municipality).

The rural municipality is divided into total 6 wards and the headquarter of this newly formed rural municipality is situated in Aurabani.

Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (Nepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय), (MoFAGA), is the ministry of Nepal that supervises activities undertaken by the local governments in Nepal.  It also regulates and manages the civil service.

MoFAGA is the only ministry with direct linkage with the country's municipalities, rural municipalities and provinces. It also plays a  direct role in implementing various eServices in the local governments.
Weave (consultancy)
weave is a French company which provides operational strategy consulting services. In 2011, weave became the first French consulting firm to obtain European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) recognition. Weave is also a member of the French Association for Management Progress (APM) as well as the Syntec Federation.

EFQM
EFQM (the European Foundation for Quality Management) is a non-profit membership foundation established in 1989 in Brussels, when CEOs of 67 European companies subscribed to the policy document and declared their commitments to EFQMs missions and values. EFQM works with over 50,000 organisations from across Europe and beyond, including organisations such as BMW, Robert Bosch, Aramco, Siemens and Huawei.
CT Tamburello
Christopher Michael "CT" Tamburello (born July 16, 1980) is a television personality and actor, best known as a competitor on the MTV reality competition show The Challenge. His first television appearance was on the thirteenth season of The Real World in 2003. In 2023, he competed on the second season of The Traitors alongside fellow The Challenge alum Trishelle Cannatella.

The Real World: Paris
The Real World: Paris is the thirteenth season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months in a different city each season, as cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships. It is the only season to be filmed in France.

The season featured seven people living in a four-story château and is the second of four seasons of The Real World to be filmed entirely outside of the United States after The Real World: London in 1995, and before The Real World: Sydney in 2007, and The Real World: Cancun in 2009.

The season was filmed over 120 days from January 19 to May 18, 2003. The season premiered on June 3 of that year and consisted of 25 episodes.
Nicholas Merrill
Nicholas Merrill is an American system administrator, computer programmer, and entrepreneur. He is the founder of Calyx Internet Access, an Internet and hosted service provider founded in 1995, and of the non-profit Calyx Institute. He was the first person to file a constitutional challenge against the National Security Letters statute in the USA PATRIOT Act and consequently the first person to have a National Security Letter gag order completely lifted. In 2025, Merrill left the Calyx Institute and founded Phreeli, a privacy-focused cellular phone provider.

Mobile virtual network operator
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator (MNO) to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).