hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gotthard Graubner
Gotthard Graubner  (13 June 1930 – 24 May 2013) was a German painter, born in Erlbach, in Saxony, Germany.

Graubner studied at the Academy of Arts, Berlin, the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts and the Düsseldorf Academy of Arts in Germany, before becoming a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Hamburg in 1969 and at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf in 1976. His work Black Skin (Schwarze Haut), was selected to be featured in one of the 100 Great Paintings programmes by the BBC in 1980. For the last decades of his life, he lived and worked in Düsseldorf and on the Museum Insel Hombroich, Neuss, where he died shortly before his 83rd birthday.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
Ellie Roebuck
Ellie Roebuck (born 23 September 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Women's Super League club Aston Villa and the England national team. She previously played for Manchester City and Barcelona and represented Great Britain at the Olympics. With City, Roebuck won the Women's Super League once, and the FA Cup and League Cup three times each. With Barcelona, she is a Liga F, Copa de la Reina and Supercopa de España winner.

Copa de la Reina de Fútbol
The Copa de la Reina (Queen's Cup) is an annual cup competition for Spanish women's association football teams organized by the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad la Reina (Championship of Spain - Her Majesty the Queen's Cup).
SMTPS
SMTPS (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure) is a method for securing the SMTP using transport layer security.  It is intended to provide authentication of the communication partners, as well as data integrity and confidentiality.

SMTPS is neither a proprietary protocol nor an extension of SMTP.  It is a way to secure SMTP at the transport layer, by wrapping SMTP inside Transport Layer Security (TLS). Conceptually, it is similar to how HTTPS wraps HTTP inside TLS.

This means that the client and server speak normal SMTP at the application layer, but the connection is secured by SSL or TLS.  This happens when the TCP connection is established, before any mail data has been exchanged. Since whether or not to use SSL or TLS is not explicitly negotiated by the peers, services that speak SMTPS are usually reachable on a dedicated port of their own.

Opportunistic TLS
Opportunistic TLS (Transport Layer Security) refers to extensions in plain text communication protocols, which offer a way to upgrade a plain text connection to an encrypted (TLS or SSL) connection instead of using a separate port for encrypted communication. Several protocols use a command named "STARTTLS" or "Explicit TLS" for this purpose. It is a form of opportunistic encryption and is primarily intended as a countermeasure to passive monitoring.

The STARTTLS command for IMAP and POP3 is defined in RFC 2595, for SMTP in RFC 3207, for XMPP in RFC 6120 and for NNTP in RFC 4642. For IRC, the IRCv3 Working Group defined a STARTTLS extension, though it was later deprecated. FTP uses the command "AUTH TLS" defined in RFC 4217 and LDAP defines a protocol extension OID in RFC 2830. HTTP uses an upgrade header.
Word n-gram language model
A word n-gram language model is a statistical model of language which calculates the probability of the next word in a sequence from a fixed size window of previous words. If one previous word is considered, it is a bigram model; if two words, a trigram model; if n − 1 words, an n-gram model.

Special tokens are introduced to denote the start and end of a sentence  and . To prevent a zero probability being assigned to unseen words, the probability of each seen word is slightly lowered to make room for the unseen words in a given corpus. To achieve this, various smoothing methods are used, from simple "add-one" smoothing (assigning a count of 1 to unseen n-grams, as an uninformative prior) to more sophisticated techniques, such as Good–Turing discounting or back-off models.

Word n-gram models have largely been superseded by recurrent neural network–based models, which in turn have been superseded by Transformer-based models often referred to as large language models.

Smoothing
In statistics and image processing, to smooth a data set is to create an approximating function that attempts to capture important patterns in the data, while leaving out noise or other fine-scale structures/rapid phenomena. In smoothing, the data points of a signal are modified so individual points higher than the adjacent points (presumably because of noise) are reduced, and points that are lower than the adjacent points are increased, leading to a smoother signal.

Reducing noise by smoothing may aid in data analysis in two notable ways:

Help uncover more meaningful information from the underlying data, such as trends.

Provide analyses that are both flexible and robust.

Many different algorithms are used in smoothing, most commonly binning, kernels, and local weighted regression.
Platy (fish)
Platy is a common name of freshwater fish in the genus Xiphophorus that lack a "sword" at the bottom of their tails. This species is a livebearer, similar to other fish of the family Poeciliidae, such as the guppy and molly. Platies are native to the east coast of Central America and southern Mexico.

The two species, the southern platyfish and the variatus platy, have been interbred to the point where they are difficult to distinguish. Most platies now sold in aquariums are hybrids of both species.

Xiphophorus
Xiphophorus is a genus of euryhaline and freshwater fishes in the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes, native to Mexico and northern Central America. Xiphophorus species can be divided into three groups based on their evolutionary relationships: platyfish (or platies), northern swordtails, and southern swordtails. Platyfish formerly were classified in another genus, Platypoecilus, which is now obsolete. The type species is X. hellerii, the green swordtail.  Like most other new world Poeciliids, platies and swordtails are  live-bearers that use internal fertilization and give birth to live young instead of laying eggs like the bulk of the world's fishes. All are relatively small fishes, which reach a maximum length of 3.5–16 cm (1.4–6.3 in) depending on the exact species involved.
Liliana Lubińska
Liliana Lubińska (14 October 1904 – 19 November 1990) was a Polish neuroscientist known for her research on the peripheral nervous system and her discovery of bidirectional axoplasmic transport. She and her husband Jerzy Konorski founded the Department of Neurophysiology at the Nencki Institution in 1946

Axonal transport
Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is the cellular process responsible for moving lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, mitochondria and other organelles to and from a neuron's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. Since some axons are on the order of meters long, neurons cannot rely on diffusion to carry products of the nucleus and organelles to the ends of their axons. Axonal transport is also responsible for moving molecules destined for degradation from the axon back to the cell body, where they are broken down by lysosomes.

Movement toward the cell body is called retrograde transport and movement toward the synapse is called anterograde transport.
TWR-UK
TWR-UK is a British Christian radio station and part of Trans World Radio (TWR) a multinational evangelical Christian media distributor. The station went online-only on 31 March 2025.

TWR-UK broadcasts Christian programming, including sermons, Bible teaching and interviews across the United Kingdom.

Trans World Radio
TWR (also known as Trans World Radio) is a multinational, evangelical Christian media distributor. The largest Christian media organization in the world, it uses high-powered medium-wave (AM) and shortwave transmitters, local FM radio stations, cable, satellite, the internet, mobile devices and other digital technologies.

TWR distributes the programs of Christian broadcasters such as Thru the Bible and Turning Point as well as TWR-produced programs, including Mission 66, Women of Hope, Dr. Luke, The Way of Righteousness, Men of Courage and Precious and Beloved. TWR programs can be heard in 190 countries in more than 200 languages and dialects.

TWR is a member of Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability (ECFA), Evangelical Press Association (EPA), National Religious Broadcasters (NRB), and International Orality Network (ION).
Simon Berghan
Simon Berghan (born 7 December 1990) is a former Scotland international rugby union player. A prop forward, he played for Glasgow Warriors in the United Rugby Championship, having previously played for Edinburgh Rugby in the Pro14. On 18 June 2023 he announced his retirement from rugby, and he moved into working in finance with BlackRock.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
2009 Icelandic parliamentary election
Snap parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 25 April 2009, following strong pressure from the public as a result of the Icelandic financial crisis. The Social Democratic Alliance and the Left-Green Movement, which formed the outgoing coalition government under Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, both made gains and formed an overall majority of seats in the Althing. The Progressive Party also made gains, and the new Citizens' Movement, formed after the January 2009 protests, won four seats. The big loser was the Independence Party, which had been in power for 18 years until January 2009; it lost nine seats as its vote share was reduced by around a third, meaning it was not the most voted-for party for the first time since 1937

Prime Minister of Iceland
The prime minister of Iceland (Icelandic: Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is head of government of the country of Iceland. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.
Antti Holma
Antti Olavi Holma (born 6 December 1982 in Helsinki) is a Finnish actor, writer and author. As an actor, he gained popularity after appearing in the sixth season of the sketch comedy show Putous in 2014. He released his debut novel Järjestäjä in 2014, followed by a poetry book Kauheimmat runot in 2015.

Holma debuted as the host of the quiz show Haluatko miljonääriksi? in August 2022, succeeding Jaajo Linnonmaa.

Putous
Putous (as internationally Comedy Combat) is a Finnish sketch comedy television show. Its first broadcast was on 9 January 2010 and it's currently in its 17th season.

An Estonian version of the show, Suur Komöödiaõhtu, premiered in 2016.
Kyriaki, Evros
Kyriaki (Greek: Κυριακή) is a village in the central part of the Evros regional unit in Greece, in the municipal unit of Orfeas of the municipality Soufli. With 100 inhabitants (2011 census) it is the least populated community in the municipal unit. Kyriaki is in a valley in the wooded Eastern Rhodope Mountains, 15 km southeast of the Bulgarian-Greek border. It is situated between the villages Mikro Dereio and Protokklisi.

Protokklisi
Protokklisi (Greek: Πρωτοκκλήσι meaning the first church, Bulgarian: Башклисе) is a village and a community in the central part of the Evros regional unit in Greece.  Protoklissi is in the municipal unit of Orfeas. In 2021 its population was 776 for the community, including the village Agriani. Protokklisi is located about 15 km northwest of Soufli, in the valley of a right tributary of the river Evros.
Margaret Wileman
Margaret Annie Wileman (19 July 1908 – 12 August 2014) was a British academic administrator, lecturer in education, and teacher. From 1953 to 1973, she was Principal of Hughes Hall, Cambridge, and a lecturer in education at the Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge. She had previously taught at The Abbey School, Reading, and at Queen's College, London; two all-girls private schools. She had also lectured at St Katherine's College, Warrington, and at Bedford College, University of London

Bedford College, London
Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as the first higher education college for women in the United Kingdom. In 1900, it became a constituent of the University of London. Having played a leading role in the advancement of women in higher education and public life in general, it became fully coeducational (i.e. open to men) in the 1960s. In 1985, Bedford College merged with Royal Holloway College, another constituent of the University of London, to form Royal Holloway and Bedford New College. This remains the official name, but it is commonly called Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL).
Brigid Dawson
Brigid Dawson is a musician who sings and plays keyboard and tambourine for Thee Oh Sees. She is noted for her "whimsical" harmonies and is credited with helping front man John Dwyer write melodies. Brigid occasionally performed as "Mix Tapes" with Meric Long of The Dodos. She is a UK native but now lives in San Marin, California.

The Dodos
The Dodos are an American indie rock band, consisting of guitarist and singer Meric Long and drummer Logan Kroeber. Originating from the San Francisco Bay Area, the duo has released eight studio albums over a fifteen-year span since their formation in 2005.
PTM public gatherings
The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) has held public gatherings and marches at various places, including Bajaur, Bannu, Chaman, Charsadda, Dera Ismail Khan, Islamabad, Karachi, Khyber, Killa Saifullah, Lahore, Loralai, North Waziristan, Peshawar, Quetta, South Waziristan, Swabi, Swat, Tank, Zhob in Pakistan, as well as in several Western countries, including Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, and the United States.

Tank (city)
Tank (Pashto: ټانک / ټاک; Urdu: ٹانک; Saraiki: ٹاک) is the capital city of Tank District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The city is located northwest of Dera Ismail Khan, and southeast of Jandola, Tank Subdivision (formerly known as "Frontier Region Tank"). Lakki Marwat and Bannu lies to the northeast while South Waziristan lies to the west.
Songs with Legs
Songs with Legs is a live album by the American composer, bandleader and keyboardist Carla Bley with the saxophonist Andy Sheppard and the bass guitarist Steve Swallow recorded in Europe and released on the Watt/ECM label in 1994.

Carla Bley
Carla Bley (born Lovella May Borg; May 11, 1936 – October 17, 2023) was an American jazz composer, pianist, organist, and bandleader. An important figure in the free jazz movement of the 1960s, she gained acclaim for her jazz opera Escalator over the Hill (released as a triple LP set), as well as a book of compositions that have been performed by many other artists, including Gary Burton, Jimmy Giuffre, George Russell, Art Farmer, Robert Wyatt, John Scofield, and her ex-husband Paul Bley. She was a pioneer in the development of independent artist-owned record labels, and recorded over two dozen albums between 1966 and 2019.
New Way Out
"New Way Out" is a song by American singer Poppy. It was released by Sumerian Records on June 4, 2024, as the lead single from her sixth studio album Negative Spaces. The song was written by Poppy, Stephen Harrison and its producer Jordan Fish.

V.A.N (song)
"V.A.N" (an acronym for "Violence Against Nature") is a song by American heavy metal band Bad Omens, sung by American singer Poppy, from the band's reissue album Concrete Jungle [The OST] (2024). It was released by Sumerian Records on January 25, 2024, as the lead single from the album.

The song premiered on SiriusXM's Octane radio station hours before its official release.
Rosaline (film)
Rosaline is a 2022 American romantic comedy film directed by Karen Maine, written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber, and starring Kaitlyn Dever, Isabela Merced, Kyle Allen, Sean Teale, Christopher McDonald, Minnie Driver, and Bradley Whitford. It is based on the 2012 young adult novel When You Were Mine by Rebecca Serle, which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

The film had its world premiere on October 6, 2022, at the El Capitan Theatre and was released on October 14, 2022, on Hulu in the United States, Disney+ internationally and Star+ in Latin America. The film was removed from Disney+ on May 26, 2023, but was later made available digitally on September 26, 2023. Although visually a period costume film, the dialogue uses modern English and slang.

Michael H. Weber
Michael H. Weber (born January 13, 1978) is an American screenwriter and producer. He and his writing partner, Scott Neustadter, are best known for writing the screenplay for the romantic comedy film 500 Days of Summer. The film is based on two real relationships Neustadter had. They also wrote the screenplays for the film adaptations of the novels The Spectacular Now, The Fault in Our Stars, and Paper Towns.

For writing The Disaster Artist, Neustadter and Weber were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. They also created the sitcom Friends with Benefits, which lasted one season.
Grey and Simcoe Foresters
The Grey and Simcoe Foresters is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces. Within the Canadian Army, it is part of the 4th Canadian Division's (formerly known as Land Force Central Area) 31 Canadian Brigade Group. Due to the restructuring of the British Army, The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment was amalgamated into The Mercian Regiment, as its 2nd Battalion (Worcesters and Foresters), leaving The Grey and Simcoe Foresters as the only remaining unit in the Commonwealth of Nations known to be distinctly designated as a regiment of Foresters.

4th Canadian Division
The 4th Canadian Division is a formation of the Canadian Army. It is currently responsible for Canadian Army operations in the Canadian province of Ontario and is headquartered at Denison Armoury in Toronto. The division was first created as a formation of the Canadian Corps during the First World War. During the Second World War the division was reactivated as the 4th Canadian Infantry Division in 1941 and then converted to armour and redesignated as the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division. Beginning in 1916 the division adopted a distinctive green-coloured formation patch as its insignia. In 2013 it was announced that Land Force Central Area would be redesignated 4th Canadian Division.
Propylon
In ancient Greek architecture, a propylon (/ˈprɒpɪlɒn/ or /ˈprɒupɪlɒn/; Ancient Greek πρόπυλον) is a monumental gateway, also referred to as a propylaeum (/prɒpɪˈliːəm/, a Latinized form of προπύλαιον), and often given in the plural as propyla or propylaea. It serves as a partition, separating the secular and religious parts of a city. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that served as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens, which inspired Greek Revival architecture such as the Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich, which both evoke the central portion.

Propylaea (Acropolis of Athens)
The Propylaea or Propylaia (Greek: Προπύλαια, Propýlaia, lit. 'that which is before the gates') is the classical Greek Doric building complex that functioned as the monumental ceremonial gateway to the Acropolis of Athens. Built between 437 and 432 BC as a part of the Periklean Building Program, it was the last in a series of gatehouses built on the citadel. Its architect was Mnesikles, the architect of the Erechtheion, as identified by Plutarch. It is evident from traces left on the extant building that the plan for the Propylaea evolved considerably during its construction, and that the project was ultimately abandoned in an unfinished state.
Steve Froehlich
Steve Froehlich is an American actor who appeared in productions of Reasons to Be Pretty (2013), Bug (2014), Disappearing Act (2016) at San Diego International Fringe Festival, Marjorie Prime (2017); the West Coast premieres of Our Lady of Kibeho (2016), and The House Theatre of Chicago's adaptation of The Nutcracker (2014); and in the films Touch (2022), and Forgotten Hero (2017) as Commander Claire Elwood.

Reasons to Be Pretty
Reasons to Be Pretty (stylized in all-lowercase) is a play by Neil LaBute, his first to be staged on Broadway. The plot centers on four young working class friends and lovers who become increasingly dissatisfied with their dead-end lives and each other. Following The Shape of Things and Fat Pig, it is the final installment of a trilogy that focuses on modern-day obsession with physical appearance.
HMS Bulldog (1845)
HMS Bulldog was a Bulldog-class sloop designed by Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy. Originally she was ordered as a Driver-class sloop, however, under Admiralty Order of 26 December 1843 she was directed to be built to a new specification. After commissioning she sailed for the Cape of Good Hope. She then was in the Baltic Sea for the Crimean War. She carried out ocean sounding for the Atlantic telegraph. She was lost  while in action with the Haitians in 1865.

Bulldog was the third vessel so named since it was used for a 16-gun sloop, launched by Ladd of Dover on 10 November 1782, made a bomb in 1798, converted to a powder hulk 1801 Breaking completed at Portsmouth in December 1829. The vessel had been in French hands from 27 February 1801 to 16 September 1801.

Driver-class sloop
The Driver class were a class of  paddlewheel steam sloops of the British Royal Navy. Six Driver-class ships were ordered in 1840 and a further ten in March 1841, although only six were built. Five were ordered in 1847, but all were either built as paddle frigates or cancelled. Two wrecked in service, while the rest served until being retired and were either broken up or sold.