hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen compounds
Hydrogen compounds are compounds containing the element hydrogen. In these compounds, hydrogen can form in the +1 and −1 oxidation states. Hydrogen can form compounds both ionically and in covalent substances. It is a part of many organic compounds such as hydrocarbons as well as water and other organic substances. The H+ ion is often called a proton because it has one proton and no electrons, although the proton does not move freely. Brønsted–Lowry acids are capable of donating H+ ions to bases.

Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
The Brønsted–Lowry theory (also called proton theory of acids and bases) is an acid–base reaction theory, developed independently in 1923 by physical chemists Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (in Denmark) and Thomas Martin Lowry (in the United Kingdom). The basic concept of this theory is that when an acid and a base react with each other, the acid forms its conjugate base, and the base forms its conjugate acid by exchange of a proton (the hydrogen cation, or H+). This theory generalises the Arrhenius theory.
Manchester United W.F.C.
Manchester United Women Football Club is a professional football club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Women's Super League (WSL), the top tier of English women's football, after gaining promotion from the Championship at the end of the 2018–19 season. They won their first major honour when they lifted the 2023–24 Women's FA Cup, a season which also saw the team make their UEFA Women's Champions League debut.

Women's football in England
Women's football has been played in England for over a century, sharing a common history with the men's game in the country in which the Laws of the Game were codified.

Women's football was originally very popular in the early 20th century, but after being banned by the men's Football Association, its popularity declined. It took until the 1990s for the number of female players and spectators to increase, culminating in England hosting the Women's European Championships in 2005.
Umidjan Yusup
Umidjan Yusup (simplified Chinese: 吾米提江·玉苏普; traditional Chinese: 吾米提江·玉蘇普; pinyin: Wúmǐtíjiāng Yùsūpǔ; born 28 February 2004) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Port and the China national team.

China national football team
The China national football team (simplified Chinese: 中国国家足球队; traditional Chinese: 中國國家足球隊; pinyin: Zhōngguó guójiā zúqiú duì), recognised as China PR by FIFA, represents China in men's international association football and is governed by the Chinese Football Association (CFA).

China won the EAFF East Asian Cup in 2005 and 2010, was runner-up at the AFC Asian Cup in 1984 and 2004, and made its sole FIFA World Cup appearance in 2002, losing all matches without scoring a goal.
Kaimbwala
Kaimbwala is a Non Sectoral Village in Northern Periphery (now under local civic body Municipal Corporation Chandigarh) situated near foothills of the Shivaliks and Punjab & Haryana High Court in Chandigarh district in Chandigarh, India.

Sivalik Hills
The Sivalik Hills, also known as Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas.
The literal translation of "Sivalik" is 'tresses of Shiva'. The hills are known for their numerous fossils, and are also home to the Soanian Middle Paleolithic archaeological culture.
Monstah Black
"Monstah Black"  (was born in Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American recording artist, choreographer, dancer, and performance artist based in Bedford-Stuyvesant, New York. In 2015, he received the Tom Murrin Performance Award.

Tom Murrin
Tom Murrin (February 8, 1939 – March 12, 2012), also known as Jack Bump, Tom Trash, and The Alien Comic, was an American performance artist and playwright in the downtown avant-garde art scene in New York City. In the 1980s and 1990s, Murrin curated a variety night called The Full Moon Show at Performance Space 122 and later at La Mama and Dixon Place. In 2013, Dixon Place introduced a performance award, "The Tommy," to honor  Murrin's life and work.
Alexander Robertson (police officer)
Sir Alexander Robertson DCM KPM OStJ (14 November 1896 – 27 August 1970) was a British police officer. He served as Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis from 1958 to 1961.

Robertson won the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) in 1916 for gallantry while serving in the Scots Guards. He was promoted from deputy commander to commander in the Metropolitan Police in 1952 and transferred to "A" Department. He was appointed Assistant Commissioner "A", in charge of administration and uniformed policing, on 2 January 1957. He remained in the job until his promotion to Deputy Commissioner on 1 September 1958. He retired on 1 November 1961, having been knighted in the 1961 New Year Honours.

Distinguished Conduct Medal
The Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) was a British military decoration instituted in 1854 by Queen Victoria to recognise gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army. It was the oldest British award for gallantry and served as the second highest military decoration for bravery, ranking just below the Victoria Cross. The medal remained in use until 1993, when it was discontinued and succeeded by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross. In addition to British personnel, the medal was also awarded to non-commissioned members of the armed forces from other Commonwealth Dominions and Colonies.
Time in physics
In physics, time is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads.  In classical, non-relativistic physics, it is a scalar quantity (often denoted by the symbol ) and, like length, mass, and charge, is usually described as a fundamental quantity. Time can be combined mathematically with other physical quantities to derive other concepts such as motion, kinetic energy and time-dependent fields.  Timekeeping is a complex of technological and scientific issues, and part of the foundation of recordkeeping.

Operational definition
An operational definition specifies concrete, replicable procedures designed to represent a construct. In the words of American psychologist S.S. Stevens (1935), "An operation is the performance which we execute in order to make known a concept." For example, an operational definition of "fear" (the construct) often includes measurable physiologic responses that occur in response to a perceived threat. Thus, "fear" might be operationally defined as specified changes in heart rate, electrodermal activity, pupil dilation, and blood pressure.
Udai Bhan Singh
Sir Udai Bhan Singh GCIE KCSI KCVO (Hindi: उदयभान सिंह; 12 February 1893 – 22 October 1954) was the Maharaj-Rana of Dholpur princely state, located in present-day Dholpur district of Rajasthan, from 1911 until his death in 1954.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Compact-open topology
In mathematics, the compact-open topology is a topology defined on the set of continuous maps between two topological spaces. The compact-open topology is one of the commonly used topologies on function spaces, and is applied in homotopy theory and functional analysis.  It was introduced by Ralph Fox in 1945.

If the codomain of the functions under consideration has a uniform structure or a metric structure then the compact-open topology is the "topology of uniform convergence on compact sets." That is to say, a sequence of functions converges in the compact-open topology precisely when it converges uniformly on every compact subset of the domain.

Uniform space
In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties, such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. Uniform spaces generalize metric spaces and topological groups, but the concept is designed to formulate the weakest axioms needed for most proofs in analysis.

In addition to the usual properties of a topological structure, in a uniform space one formalizes the notions of relative closeness and closeness of points.  In other words, ideas like "x is closer to a than y is to b" make sense in uniform spaces.  By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A,B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A (i.e., in the closure of A), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.
Andrew Clow
Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow, KCSI, CIE (29 April 1890 – 31 December 1957) was a British colonial administrator in India. He was a specialist in labour conditions in India. Clow was member for Communications on the Viceroy’s Council until his appointment as Governor of Assam from 1942 to 1947, the last British-born governor.

Viceroy's Executive Council
The Viceroy's Executive Council, formerly known as the Council of Four and officially known as the Council of the Governor-General of India (since 1858), was an advisory body and cabinet of the Governor-General of India, also known as Viceroy. It existed from 1773 to 1947 in some form or the other.

It was established by the Regulating Act 1773 (13 Geo. 3. c. 63), with four members and was then known as the Council of Four. The Indian Councils Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 67) transformed it from an advisory council into a cabinet with a portfolio system. Each member was assigned specific portfolios such as revenue, military, law, finance, and home. In 1874, a sixth member was added to be in charge of public works.
Reinaldo Conrad
Reinaldo Conrad (born 31 May 1942) is a Brazilian sailor. He won a bronze medal in the Flying Dutchman Class at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Reinaldo Conrad was also champion of the 1959 Pan American Games (with Antonio Barros) and of the 1963 Pan American Games (with his brother Ralph Conrad) in Snipe, as well as champion of the 1975 Pan American Games and 2nd of the 1967 Pan American Games (with Burkhard Cordes) in Flying Dutchman. He also won the Snipe Western Hemisphere & Orient Championship with his brother, Ralph Conrad, in 1962 and 1964, and was second at the Worlds in 1969 with Mário Buckup as his crew.

Flying Dutchman (dinghy)
The Flying Dutchman is a Dutch planing sailing dinghy that was designed by Uus Van Essen and Conrad Gülcher as a high performance, one design racer and first built in 1951.

The boat was an Olympic sailing class from 1960 until 1992.
Terry Link
Terry Link (born March 20, 1947) is an American politician who represented the 30th district in the Illinois Senate from 1997 until his resignation in 2020. The 30th district includes all or part of the municipalities of Beach Park, Buffalo Grove, Green Oaks, Lincolnshire, Mundelein, North Chicago, Riverwoods, Wheeling, Vernon Hills and Waukegan.

Link was an unsuccessful candidate for mayor of Waukegan, Illinois in 2012. In 2020, Link pleaded guilty to tax evasion and resigned from his seat in the Senate. For the same reason, he also resigned from his position as Chairman of the Democratic Party of Lake County.

Waukegan, Illinois
Waukegan (/wəˈkiːɡən/ wə-KEE-ghən) is a city in Lake County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. Located 36 miles (58 km) north of Chicago, Waukegan is a satellite city within the greater Chicago metropolitan area.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 89,321, making it the most populous city in Lake County, the seventh-most populous city within the Chicago metropolitan area and the 10th-most populous city in Illinois. However, unlike nearby wealthy North Shore suburbs, Waukegan has long been classified by the Illinois state government as overall "socioeconomically distressed" despite having some middle class inhabitants.
Personal pronouns in Portuguese
The Portuguese personal pronouns and possessives display a higher degree of inflection than other parts of speech. Personal pronouns have distinct forms according to whether they stand for a subject (nominative), a direct object (accusative), an indirect object (dative), or a reflexive object. Several pronouns further have special forms used after prepositions.

The possessive pronouns are the same as the possessive adjectives, but each is inflected to express the grammatical person of the possessor and the grammatical gender of the possessed.

Pronoun use displays considerable variation with register and dialect, with particularly pronounced differences between the most colloquial varieties of European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
King of Bollywood (book)
King of Bollywood is a biography by the film critic and journalist Anupama Chopra, chronicling the life and career of Shah Rukh Khan. The book describes his personal life such as his birth in 1965 in New Delhi and his marriage to Gauri Chibber in 1991. The book also outlines his career as an actor, film producer, and television presenter. It was published by Grand Central Publishing on 9 August 2007 and became a commercial success. Its critical reception was positive, with Chopra's writing garnering appreciation.

Chopra came up the idea of the book while writing for Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (2002), about the 1995 film of the same name. In the summer of 2003, she told him about the project; although his initial reaction was reluctant, Chopra tried to persuade him for around six months and Khan eventually changed his mind. The book took three years to complete, with Chopra meeting Khan's close friends, school teachers, and collaborators in her writing process.

Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (book)
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (known as Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge: The Making of a Blockbuster in India) is a 2002 Indian book written by the journalist and film critic Anupama Chopra. It details the production of and analysing the plot and well commercial performance of Aditya Chopra's 1995 romantic drama of the same name, the longest-running film in Indian cinema history.

Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was released by the British Film Institute in the United Kingdom in December 2002, while HarperCollins in India in the next year. The book received positive reviews from critics, with Anupama Chopra's writing gaining the most appreciation. It was re-released under the title of Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge: A Modern Classic by HarperCollins as well on 7 November 2016.
Sl2-triple
In the theory of Lie algebras, an  sl2-triple is a triple of elements of a Lie algebra that satisfy the commutation relations between the standard generators of the special linear Lie algebra sl2. This notion plays an important role in the theory of semisimple Lie algebras, especially in regard to their nilpotent orbits.

Semisimple Lie algebra
In mathematics, a Lie algebra is semisimple if it is a direct sum of simple Lie algebras. (A simple Lie algebra is a non-abelian Lie algebra without any non-zero proper ideals.)

Throughout the article, unless otherwise stated, a Lie algebra is a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0. For such a Lie algebra , if nonzero, the following conditions are equivalent:

is semisimple;

the Killing form  is non-degenerate;

has no non-zero abelian ideals;

has no non-zero solvable ideals;

the radical (maximal solvable ideal) of  is zero.
.22 caliber
.22 caliber, or 5.6 mm, refers to a common firearms bore diameter of 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) in both rimfire and centerfire cartridges.

Cartridges in this caliber include the very widely used .22 Long Rifle and .223 Remington/5.56×45mm NATO.

.22 inch is also a popular air gun pellet caliber, second only to the ubiquitous .177 caliber.

5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.
Patrick Johnstone
Patrick David Johnstone is a Canadian politician and geoscientist who has served as the mayor of New Westminster, British Columbia, since 2022. Prior to becoming mayor, he served two terms as a city councillor on the New Westminster City Council from 2014 to 2022. He has been a member of Community First New West, a social democratic municipal political party, since 2022.

Aside from his work in local government, Johnstone also runs his blog, Ask Pat, where he writes about city council proceedings from his perspective and responds to online questions submitted by members of the public. On occasion, Johnstone will also set up an Ask Pat booth at local gatherings where he answers questions and speaks with members of the public.

Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
Manny Fernandez (wrestler)
Emanuel Fernandez (born July 27, 1954) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "The Raging Bull" Manny Fernandez. He is perhaps best known for his appearances with Jim Crockett Promotions in the mid-1980s, where he was a two-time NWA World Tag Team Champion and one-time NWA Brass Knuckles Champion.

WCW World Tag Team Championship
The WCW World Tag Team Championship, originally known as the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version), was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and later the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the original world tag team title of WCW that existed from 1975 under the Jim Crockett Promotions banner until its closure in 2001.

After the acquisition of WCW's assets by the WWF in March 2001, it became one of two tag team titles in the WWF, with its name being immediately abbreviated to the WCW Tag Team Championship. It continued to complement the then-WWF Tag Team Championship until November 2001, when both titles were unified.
Tongue (song)
"Tongue" is a song by American rock band R.E.M., released on July 17, 1995, by Warner Bros. Records as the fifth and final single from their ninth studio album, Monster (1994). The song was written by the band and produced by them with Scott Litt. It was only released in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, and Japan. In the song, lead singer Michael Stipe performs in falsetto; he has stated on several occasions that the narrator of the song is female. Stipe has also said the track is "all about cunnilingus".

The single's music video, directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris and shot during the soundcheck prior to the band's June 20, 1995, performance at the Knickerbocker Arena in Albany, New York, shows a group of teenagers in a living room watching the band perform on TV. The version of the song that plays is slightly higher in tone than that of the album version. It was included as a bonus video on the DVD release of In View - The Best of R.E.M. 1988-2003.

Bang and Blame
"Bang and Blame" is a song by American alternative rock group R.E.M. It was released as the second single from their ninth studio album, Monster (1994), on October 31, 1994, by Warner Bros. Records. The song was R.E.M.'s last to reach the top 40 on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 19, and was also their last number-one single on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The single reached number one in Canada—R.E.M.'s only single to do so—and peaked inside the top 40 on the charts of Australia, Belgium, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.
S-DMB
S-DMB (Satellite-DMB) was a hybrid version of the Digital Multimedia Broadcasting. The S-DMB used the S band (2170-2200 MHz) of IMT-2000. and delivered around 18 channels at 128 kbit/s in 15 MHz. It incorporated a high power geostationary satellite, the MBSat 1 (since 2013, sold to Asia Broadcasting Satellite (ABS) of China). For outdoor and light indoor coverage is integrated with a terrestrial repeater (low power gap-filler) network for indoor coverage in urban areas.

A similar architecture is also used in XM Satellite Radio, Sirius Satellite Radio, DVB-SH and ETSI Satellite Digital Radio (SDR).

Digital multimedia broadcasting
Digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South Korea as part of the national IT project for sending multimedia such as TV, radio and datacasting to mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops and GPS navigation systems. This technology, sometimes known as mobile TV, should not be confused with Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) which was developed as a research project for the European Union.

DMB was developed in South Korea as the next generation digital technology to replace FM radio, but the technological foundations were laid by Prof. Dr. Gert Siegle and Dr. Hamed Amor at Bosch in Germany. The world's first official mobile TV service started in South Korea in May 2005, although trials were available much earlier. It can operate via satellite (S-DMB) or terrestrial (T-DMB) transmission. DMB has also some similarities with its former competing mobile TV standard, DVB-H.
Jack House, Wahroonga
The Jack House is a heritage-listed domestic dwelling at 62 Boundary Road, in the Sydney suburb of Wahroonga in the Ku-ring-gai Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Russell Jack and Pamela Jack and built from 1956 to 1957 by Donald W. Taylor (Bob Ellis?). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 24 June 2013.

AJC Architects
AJC Architects, formerly Allen Jack+Cottier and before that John Allen and Russell C. Jack, is an urban design, architecture, and interior design practice in Sydney, Australia. It was founded in 1952 by John Allen and Russell C. Jack, who were joined by Keith Cottier in 1964. As of January 2025, the practice is headed by director and CEO Michael Heenan.