hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenbüttel – 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741). From 13 November 1750 to 1766 he was the Captain-General of the Netherlands, where he was known as the Duke of Brunswick or (to distinguish him from his eldest brother Charles, who succeeded to their father's title of Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg) Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Another brother was Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick who led the Allied Anglo-German army during the Seven Years' War.

Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
Charles William Ferdinand (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand; 9 October 1735 – 10 November 1806) was the ruling prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, hereditary duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a military leader. His titles are usually shortened to Duke of Brunswick in English-language sources.

He succeeded his father as sovereign prince of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, one of the princely states of the Holy Roman Empire. The duke was a cultured and benevolent despot in the model of his uncle, Frederick the Great, and was married to Princess Augusta, the eldest sister of George III of Great Britain. He was also a recognized master of 18th century warfare, serving as a field marshal in the Prussian Army. He played a notable role in the French Revolutionary Wars by issuing the Brunswick Manifesto. During the Napoleonic Wars, he was mortally wounded by a musket ball at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806.
2008–09 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team
The 2008–09 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were led by head coach Tom Izzo who was in his 14th year as head coach. The team played their home games at the Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan and were member of the Big Ten Conference. MSU finished the season 31–7, 15–3 in Big Ten play to win the Big Ten regular season championship by four games. They defeated Minnesota in the quarterfinals of the Big Ten tournament before losing to Ohio State in the semifinals. The Spartans received their 12th-straight NCAA tournament bid, an at-large bid as the No. 2 seed in the Midwest region. They defeated Robert Morris, USC, Kansas, and Louisville to advance to the Final Four for the fifth time under Izzo. In the Final Four, they defeated UConn to advance to the National Championship game where they lost to North Carolina.

2008–09 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 2008–09 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University. The head coach was Thad Matta, then in his fifth season with the Buckeyes. The team played its home games at Value City Arena in Columbus, Ohio as a member of the Big Ten Conference.  The Buckeyes finished fourth in the conference's regular season, and was runner up in the Big Ten tournament, falling to Purdue 65–61 in the final game.  In the NCAA tournament, the Buckeyes lost in the first round to the Siena Saints in double overtime.
West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.

West Germanic languages
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of Indo-European languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches: Ingvaeonic, which includes English, Scots, the Low German languages, and the Frisian languages; Istvaeonic, which encompasses Dutch and its close relatives; and Irminonic, which includes German and its close relatives and variants.

English is by far the most widely spoken West Germanic language, with over one billion speakers worldwide. Within Europe, the three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. Frisian, spoken by about 450,000 people, constitutes a fourth distinct variety of West Germanic. The language family also includes Afrikaans, Yiddish, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Hunsrik, and Scots. Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based on Dutch, English, or German.
National Highway 7 (India)
National Highway 7 (NH 7) is a highway connecting Fazilka (Punjab) to Mana (Uttarakhand) in India. It passes through the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

The NH-7 (old NH-58) connects Hindu pilgrim centres of Rishikesh, Devprayag, Rudraprayag, Karnaprayag, Chamoli, Joshimath and Badrinath with Dehradun and Chandigarh. Pilgrims travelling to Sri Hemkunt Sahib take a diversion from Govindghat which lies on NH-7 between Joshimath and Badrinath.

The road is generally closed during the winter months of December, January, February and March in the upper reaches of the Himalayas through which National Highway 7 passes. This road goes to Mana Pass near the India-Tibetan border.

Devprayag
Devprayag  (Deva prayāga) is a town and a nagar palika, near New Tehri city in Tehri Garhwal District in the state of Uttarakhand, India, and is the final one of the Panch Prayag (five confluences) of Alaknanda River where Alaknanda meets the Bhagirathi river and both rivers thereafter flow on as the Ganges river or Ganga.
1888 Championship of Australia
The 1888 Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football series held in Adelaide between 6 October and 13 October 1888.

The championship was contested by the premiers of the VFA, South Melbourne and the premiers of the SAFA, Norwood.

All matches were played at Kensington Oval in Adelaide, South Australia.

The series was won by Norwood 3 games to zero, giving Norwood its 1st Championship of Australia Title.

This was the first Championship of Australia held, but the only one to be held as a series, with subsequent editions held as a single championship match.

Championship of Australia
The Championship of Australia was an Australian rules football tournament which was contested between football clubs from the Victorian and South Australian football leagues for most of its history, with clubs from the Western Australian and Tasmanian football leagues only being included in the final four iterations. The Championship took place four times in the 19th century and then from 1907 to 1914 — with the exception of 1912 — and every year from 1968 to 1975. All but two of the Championships were played in Adelaide, and all of them occurred after the respective league seasons had ended. The 1975 Championship of Australia was the last edition of the competition, with the 1976 NFL Championship replacing the format, albeit for only one year with VFL clubs.
Coussareeae
Coussareeae are a Neotropical clade of morphologically heterogeneous plants in the subfamily Rubioideae of the coffee
family (Rubiaceae). The tribe encompasses about 330 species assigned to ten genera: Bradea, Coccocypselum, Coussarea,
Cruckshanksia, Declieuxia, Faramea, Heterophyllaea, Hindsia, Oreopolus, and Standleya. Historically, the genera of Coussareeae have rarely been considered closely related, and the widely defined Coussareeae were delimited based on molecular
systematics without proposed morphological synapomorphies.

Heterophyllaea
Heterophyllaea is a genus of two species of  shrubs in the family Rubiaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina.

Heterophyllaea pustulata also known as cegadera contains an unknown toxin that causes photosensitization in sheep and cows. It can grow to between 2 and 3 meters in height and is typically found in northwest Argentina at an altitude between 2,500 and 3,000 meters above sea level.

Species

Heterophyllaea lycioides (Rusby) Sandwith

Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook.f.
Radio Studio M
Radio Studio M or Radio Studio M Teslić is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Teslić, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts a variety of programs such as music and local news.

Radio Studio M was founded in June 1998. Program is mainly produced in Serbian language at two FM frequencies and it is available in the city of Teslić as well as in nearby municipalities in Banja Luka and Doboj area. The owner of the radio station is the company Momčilović-Studio M d.o.o. Teslić.

Estimated number of listeners of Radio Studio M is around 219.280.

Teslić
Teslić (Serbian Cyrillic: Теслић) is a town in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the central part of Republika Srpska, on the banks of the Usora River. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,518 inhabitants, while the municipality has 38,536 inhabitants.

About 5 km (3.1 mi) to the southeast of the town center is the location of the medieval tombstones of Duke Momčilo. Also, Solila is located on the Borja Mountain.
Glossoptosis
Glossoptosis is a medical condition and abnormality which involves the downward displacement or retraction of the tongue. This mostly affects infants and children. It may cause non-fusion of the hard palate, causing cleft palate. It can also cause difficulties with feeding and upper airway obstructions. Glossoptosis could be a symptom of a birth defect from Pierre Robin Syndrome. It can also arise with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy.

Airway obstruction
Airway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air. Airway obstructions can occur either in the upper airway or lower airway. The upper airway consists of the nose, throat, and larynx. The lower airway comprises the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Airway obstruction is a life-threatening condition and requires urgent attention.
Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 648
The hijacking of Aerolíneas Argentinas Flight 648, also known as Operativo Cóndor ("Operation Condor") occurred on 28 and 29 September 1966 when a group of Argentine nationalists hijacked a civilian Aerolíneas Argentinas aircraft en route from Buenos Aires to Río Gallegos and forced the captain at gunpoint to land in the Falkland Islands (then a British Crown Colony) in protest to the UK's presence on the islands. After landing, the hijackers raised the Argentine flag, took several islanders hostage and demanded the Governor of the Falkland Islands recognise Argentine sovereignty over the islands. On 29 September 1966, after negotiating through a Catholic priest, the hijackers surrendered and were returned to Argentina for trial.

Falkland Islanders
Falkland Islanders, also called Falklanders, are the people of the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory in South America.

Prior to the start of the 19th century, the Falkland Islands were uninhabited by Native Americans. The modern Falkland Islander population derives from various origins. Earliest among these are the numerically small but internationally diverse early 19th century inhabitants of the Islands, comprising and descended in part from settlers brought by Luis Vernet, and English and American sealers; South American gauchos who settled in the 1840s and 1850s; and since the late 1830s, settlers largely from Britain (especially Scotland and Wales) with a minority from other European countries. More recently, there has been significant levels of immigration from Saint Helena, Chile, the Philippines, and Zimbabwe.
James A. Clough
James Amasa Clough (January 24, 1850 – May 22, 1917), often referred to as James A. Clough or J. A. Clough, was an American architect, carpenter, and contractor, who was active in  New England, especially prominent in Western Massachusetts, and whose work shaped much of the architectural landscape of Holyoke during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He would design several commercial blocks and public buildings there, such as the Holyoke Public Library, Canoe Club and the Mount Tom Summit House. The principal architect of the firm Clough & Reid, much of his work appeared under this name after 1890, when he made William B. Reid a partner- Reid having spent several years prior as Clough's draftsman. He remained principal of this firm until his retirement in 1907. One of Clough's other protégés, George P. B. Alderman, went on to establish his own architectural firm.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
Rachel Gowey
Rachel Kathryn Gowey (born October 3, 1997) is a former American artistic gymnast. She was a U.S. National Team member, from 2014 until her retirement from elite gymnastics in 2016, following her performance at the U.S. Olympic Trials.

Gowey was a member of the gold-winning U.S. team at the 2015 Pan-American Games in Toronto. There, she also won a gold medal individually on the uneven bars.

During her elite career, she was coached by Liang Chow, coach of 2008 Olympic balance beam champion Shawn Johnson and 2012 Olympic individual all-around champion Gabby Douglas.

She was coached by Jenny Rowland at the University of Florida, where she began attending in 2016.

United States women's national artistic gymnastics team
The United States women's national artistic gymnastics team represents the United States in FIG international competitions.

As of 2024, the U.S. team is the reigning World team champion and the reigning Olympic team gold medalists, with the five gymnasts nicknamed the "Golden Girls."
Deepak Obhrai
Deepak Obhrai PC (July 5, 1950 – August 2, 2019) was a Tanzanian-born Canadian politician, representing the riding of Calgary East (until 2015) and Forest Lawn (from 2015) for the Reform Party of Canada and then the Conservative Party of Canada from 1997 until he died in 2019. He previously served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was the first Hindu to become an MP in Canada, and at the time of his death was the longest continuously serving Conservative MP. He ran in the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, but was defeated in the first round of voting.

King's Privy Council for Canada
The King's Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada), sometimes called His Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal advisors to the monarch of Canada on state and constitutional affairs. Practically, the tenets of responsible government require the sovereign or his viceroy, the governor general, almost always to follow only that advice tendered by the Cabinet: a committee within the Privy Council composed usually of elected members of Parliament. Those summoned to the Privy Council are appointed for life by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. The group is composed predominantly of former Cabinet ministers, with some others having been inducted as an honorary gesture. Privy counsellors are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence.
Solomon Elimimian
Solomon Elimimian (born October 21, 1986) is a Nigerian former professional Canadian football linebacker and the current president of the Canadian Football League Players' Association (CFLPA).

He spent nine seasons with the BC Lions and was named the CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie in 2010. In 2014, he won the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award and Most Outstanding Player Award. Elimimian was the first purely defensive player to win the league's Most Outstanding Player Award as well as the first player to win three different CFL awards in his career. He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors.

CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award
The Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award is annually awarded to the best defensive player in the Canadian football League. The winner of the award is selected by members of the Football Reporters of Canada along with the head coaches in the CFL. The two nominees for the award are the James P. McCaffrey Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Norm Fieldgate Trophy winner from the West Division.  Between 1955 and 1973, both defensive players and offensive lineman had to compete for the CFL's Most Outstanding Lineman Award.  By the 1974 season, the league decided to make two separate awards for both defensive players and offensive lineman.
National Paralympic Committee of Uzbekistan
National Paralympic Committee of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Milliy Paralimpiya qoʻmitasi) - is a National Paralympic Committee (NPC) of Uzbekistan for the Paralympic Games movement and focused on  supporting, funding the teams, representing disabled athletes at the Paralympics and in other para sporting events. National Paralympic Committee of Uzbekistan is a member of Asian Paralympic Committee (APC).

Asian Paralympic Committee
The Asian Paralympic Committee (acronym: APC) is an organization based in United Arab Emirates. It has 45 National Paralympic Committees of the Asian continent as members. It organizes the Asian Para Games and is affiliated to the International Paralympic Committee.
Kosen judo
Kosen judo (高專柔道, Kōsen jūdō) is a variation of the Kodokan judo competitive ruleset that was developed and flourished at the kōtō senmon gakkō (高等専門学校) (kōsen (高專)) technical colleges in Japan in the first half of the twentieth century. Kosen judo's rules allow for greater emphasis of ne-waza (寝技; ground techniques) than typically takes place in competitive judo and it is sometimes regarded as a distinct style of judo.

Currently the term "kosen judo" is frequently used to refer to the competition ruleset associated with it that allows for extended ne-waza. Such competition rules are still used in the Nanatei Jūdō / Shichitei Jūdō (ja:七帝柔道, Seven Emperors Judo) competitions held annually between the seven former Imperial universities. Similarly, there has been a resurgence in interest in Kosen judo in recent years due to its similarities with Brazilian jiu jitsu.

Grappling
Grappling is a fighting technique based on throws, trips, sweeps, clinch fighting, ground fighting and submission holds.

Grappling contests often involve takedowns and ground control, and may end when a contestant concedes defeat. Should there be no winner after the match time-limit has lapsed, competition judges will determine the winner based on who exerted more control.

Grappling most commonly does not include striking or the use of weapons. However, some fighting styles or martial arts known especially for their grappling techniques teach tactics that include strikes and weapons either alongside grappling or combined with it.
Natalie du Toit
Natalie du Toit OIG MBE (/dʊˈtɔɪ/; born 29 January 1984) is a South African swimmer. She is best known for the gold medals she won at the 2004 Paralympic Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. She was one of two Paralympians to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; the other being table tennis player Natalia Partyka. Du Toit became the third amputee ever to qualify for the Olympics, where she placed 16th in the 10 km swim.

Order of Ikhamanga
The Order of Ikhamanga is a South African civilian honour that recognises achievements in arts, culture, literature, music, journalism, and sports. Before the order was established on 30 November 2003, such achievements were recognised by the Order of the Baobab. The Order of Ikhamanga is granted by the President of South Africa to South African citizens. Ikhamanga is the Xhosa name for Strelitzia reginae, a flower.
Samuel Tuia
Samuel Tuia (born 24 July 1986) is a French volleyball player, a member of France men's national volleyball team and Turkish club İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, a silver medalist of the European Championship 2009, Polish Champion (2014).

2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship
2009 Men's European Volleyball Championship was held from September 3 to September 13, 2009 in İzmir and Istanbul, Turkey.

Poland claimed their first Men's European Volleyball Championship title with an undefeated run. The final was concluded with a 3-1 victory against France. Bulgaria captured the bronze medal after defeating Russia 3-0. Poland's Piotr Gruszka was named the tournament's most valuable player.
Edward Preston Young
Edward Preston "Teddy" Young, DSO, DSC & Bar (17 November 1913 – 28 January 2003), was a British graphic designer, submariner and publisher. In 1935, he joined the then new publishers Penguin Books and was responsible for designing the cover scheme used by Penguin for many years as well as drawing the original penguin logo. During World War II he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) and became the first British RNVR officer to command a submarine. After the war he returned to the publishing world and eventually became managing director of the Rainbird Group. Having written his wartime biography, One of Our Submarines, in 1952, he later wrote several other books.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Macklin McCall
Macklin McCall MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the electoral district of West Kelowna-Peachland since 2024. He is a member of the Conservative Party.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Shubenacadie Tinsmith Museum
The Shubenacadie Tinsmith Museum is a museum in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the community of Shubenacadie. Established by Watson Smith c. 1895 as Watson Smith & Sons Retail Hardware & Tin Shop, the shop produced over 60,000 milk cans before the cans became obsolete around the 1950s. The building opened to the public as a museum in 2003, after being donated to the Municipality of East Hants.

Shubenacadie, Nova Scotia
Shubenacadie (/ˌʃuːbəˈnækədi/ SHOO-bə-NAK-ə-dee) is an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in East Hants Municipality in Hants County.  As of 2021, the population was 411.