hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catalan phonology
The Catalan phonology has a certain degree of dialectal variation. Although there are two standard varieties, one based on Central Eastern dialect and another one based on South-Western or Valencian, this article deals with features of all or most dialects, as well as regional pronunciation differences.

Catalan is characterized by final-obstruent devoicing, lenition and (in some dialects) fortition of plosives, voicing assimilation, and gemination (consonant lengthening); a set of 7 to 8 phonemic vowels, vowel assimilations (including vowel harmony), many phonetic diphthongs, and vowel reduction, whose precise details differ between dialects.

Central Catalan
Central Catalan (Catalan: català central) is an Eastern Catalan dialect spoken in the whole province of Barcelona, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona and most of the province of Girona, except for its northern part, where a transition to Northern Catalan begins.

This variety (when free of localisms from Barcelona, Tarragona or Girona) is perceived by most Catalans as the standard form in Catalonia. As such, it is the variety used in most written and audiovisual media, as well as in learning materials.
37th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 37th Anti-Aircraft Brigade was an air defence formation of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed just before the outbreak of the Second World War. It was engaged in defending the Thames Estuary during the war, and continued to form part of Anti-Aircraft Command in the postwar era.

Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.
SS Managua (1919)
SS Managua was a Nicaraguan cargo ship that the German submarine U-67 torpedoed on 16 June 1942 in the Straits of Florida while she was travelling from Charleston, South Carolina, United States to Havana, Cuba with a cargo of potash. The ship was built as Glorieta, a Design 1049 ship in 1919, operated by the United States Shipping Board (USSB) until sold to the Munson Steamship Line in 1920 and renamed Munisla. The ship was sold foreign to a Honduran company, Garcia, in 1937 and renamed Neptuno. In 1941 the ship was re-flagged in Nicaragua with the name Managua.

German submarine U-67 (1940)
German submarine U-67 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated in World War II. She was laid down in the AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 986 on 5 April 1940. She was launched on 30 October and was commissioned  on 22 January 1941 under Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Bleichrodt.

Her service life began with training with the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on her commissioning date; the boat was declared operational with the same flotilla on 1 September 1941.
Marielle de Sarnez
Marielle de Sarnez (French: [ma.ʁjɛl də saʁ.nɛz]; 27 March 1951 – 13 January 2021) was a French politician who served as Secretary of State for European Affairs under Prime Minister Édouard Philippe.

A member of the Union for French Democracy (UDF) until 2008 when she joined the Democratic Movement (MoDem), de Sarnez was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1999 until her appointment as Minister for European Affairs in the Phillipe government in 2017. De Sarnez resigned after a month due to a scandal involving alleged payment for work she did not perform, but was elected a few days later to represent the 11th constituency of Paris in the National Assembly. She was a committed Europeanist and centrist, pushing the MoDem to resist currents on each end of the political spectrum. De Sarnez was a longtime collaborator to party president and three-time candidate for the presidency of France, François Bayrou.

Democratic Movement (France)
The Democratic Movement (French: Mouvement démocrate, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ demɔkʁat]; MoDem [mɔdɛm]) is a centre to centre-right political party in France. MoDem was established by François Bayrou to succeed the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and contest the 2007 legislative election, after his strong showing in the 2007 presidential election. Initially named the Democratic Party (Parti démocrate), the party was renamed "Democratic Movement", because there was already a small Democratic Party in France.

MoDem secured an agreement with La République En Marche! (LRM) — later Renaissance (RE) — in the 2017 legislative election after Bayrou had endorsed the candidacy of Emmanuel Macron in February. The two parties have since been in alliance, as of late named Ensemble.

The party's founder and leader Bayrou served as Prime Minister of France from December 2024 to September 2025.
Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Warsaw
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Holy and Equal-to-the-Apostles Mary Magdalene (Polish: Sobór metropolitalny Świętej Równej Apostołom Marii Magdaleny w Warszawie; Russian: Собор Святой Равноапостольной Марии Магдалины) is a Polish Orthodox cathedral, located at al. Solidarności 52 in Warsaw.

It opened in 1869, serving the needs of a growing community of Russians settling in the area of present-day Praga Północ. During the Second Republic, the cathedral became one of two free-standing Orthodox churches in Warsaw, which were not destroyed or adapted for other purposes.

It is the main Polish Orthodox Church. The cathedral is also the cathedral for the Diocese of Warsaw-Bielsk.

It was entered into the register of monuments on July 1, 1965 with No. 741.

Polish Orthodox Church
The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (Polish: Polski Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny), commonly known as the Polish Orthodox Church, or Orthodox Church of Poland, is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches in full communion. The church was established in 1924, to accommodate Orthodox Christians of Polish descent in the eastern part of the country, when Poland regained its independence after the First World War.

In total, it has approximately 500,000 adherents (2021). In the Polish census of 2011, 156,000 citizens declared themselves as members.
The Mind Robber
The Mind Robber is the second serial of the sixth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in five weekly parts from 14 September to 12 October 1968.

The serial is set outside of time and space in a world where fictional characters and mythological creatures including Medusa, the Minotaur and the Unicorn exist. In the serial, the English fiction writer "the Master" (played by Emrys Jones, and unrelated to the recurring villain "the Master"), aware of his own advancing age, tries to recruit the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) to take over his role as the creative power in this realm.

The Dominators
The Dominators is the first serial of the sixth season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in five weekly parts from 10 August to 7 September 1968. The Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and his travelling companions Jamie McCrimmon (Frazer Hines) and Zoe Heriot (Wendy Padbury) work with the Dulcians of the planet Dulkis to prevent the alien Dominators from blowing up Dulkis and using its irradiated remains as spaceship fuel.
Storhamar Hockey
Storhamar Hockey, often referred to by its initials SIL, is a Norwegian ice hockey team based in Hamar, Norway. The club currently plays in the EliteHockey Ligaen, the highest level of Norwegian hockey. The club has won eight regular season titles and seven national championships since its founding on 18 March 1957. Storhamar play their home games in the CC Amfi. The club also includes the largest junior department in Norwegian ice hockey. The team colours are yellow and blue.

EliteHockey Ligaen
EliteHockey Ligaen (EHL) is the premier Norwegian ice hockey league, organised by the Norwegian Ice Hockey Association. It comprises 10 clubs and works on the premise of promotion and relegation, in which the two teams who placed last must play the top two teams from First Division (the league ranked immediately below) for the rights to play in the next Eliteserie season.

Teams from the EHL can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL), competing for the European Trophy. Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the European/Asian Kontinental Hockey League). Going into the 2022–23 CHL season, the EHL was ranked 11th among leagues in Europe, allowing them to send their top team to compete in the CHL.
Armagh disturbances
The Armagh disturbances was a period of intense sectarian fighting in the 1780s and 1790s between the Ulster Protestant Peep o' Day Boys and the Roman Catholic Defenders, in County Armagh, Kingdom of Ireland, culminating in the Battle of the Diamond in 1795.

Battle of the Diamond
The Battle of the Diamond was a planned confrontation between the Catholic Defenders and the Protestant Peep o' Day Boys that took place on 21 September 1795 near Loughgall, County Armagh, Ireland. The Peep o' Day Boys were the victors, killing some 6 Defenders, with some wounded Peep o' Day boys in return. It led to the foundation of the Orange Order and the onset of "the Armagh outrages".
Chicoutimi River
The Chicoutimi River is a watercourse of eastern Quebec, Canada. A tributary of the Saguenay River, which it meets in the city of Saguenay, it is the 26.2-kilometre-long (16.3 mi) main outlet of Kenogami Lake, which rises from a watershed of 3,390 square kilometres (1,310 sq mi) in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. Entirely located in the Chicoutimi borough of Saguenay, it is the most urbanized and dammed river in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean.

Used by the Montagnais of the Saguenay River before the arrival of Europeans, it was at that time the first portage from the main access road to Lac Saint-Jean. In the 20th century, it was developed from its source to its mouth for hydropower purposes. In addition to being the source of drinking water for the Chicoutimi and Jonquière boroughs, this river has six dams (including 2 hydroelectric power plants in operation). During the Saguenay flood in 1996, its surge caused significant damage to Laterrière and Chicoutimi.

Saguenay flood
The Saguenay flood (French: Déluge du Saguenay) was a series of flash floods on July 19 and 20, 1996 that hit the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. It was the biggest overland flood in 20th-century Canadian history.
Kristian Woolf
Kristian Woolf (born 6 July 1975) is an Australian professional rugby league football coach who is the head  coach of the Dolphins in the National Rugby League (NRL). At international level, he has coached Tonga.

While Woolf was the head coach of St Helens in the British Super League, they won the 2020, 2021 and 2022 grand finals. Separately, Woolf has also been an interim head coach of the Newcastle Knights in the NRL.

2021 Super League Grand Final
The 2021 Super League Grand Final was the 24th official Grand Final and championship-deciding game of Super League XXVI. The game was contested between Catalans Dragons and St Helens at Old Trafford. The game concluded by St Helens edging out Catalans by two points.
Superlek Sorn E-Sarn
Mekhin Khaosri (Thai: เมฆินทร์ ขาวศรี; March 21, 1969 - April 22, 2013), known professionally as Superlek Sorn E-Sarn (Thai: ซุปเปอร์เล็ก ศรอีสาน), was a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter. He was a two-weight Lumpinee Stadium champion who was famous during the 1980s and 1990s.

Lumpinee Boxing Stadium
Lumpinee Boxing Stadium (Thai: สนามเวทีมวยลุมพินี) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand.  Opened more than a decade later than Rajadamnern Stadium, Lumpinee is run by the Royal Thai Army. It has become the symbol of modern Muay Thai. Only Rajadamnern Stadium rivals the prestige of holding the title of "Muay Thai Champion of Lumpinee". The ranking system and championship titles are held from mini flyweight (105 lb) up to super welterweight (154 lb).

Muay Thai bouts are held on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The fights usually start around 18:00.

The final event at its original site on Rama IV Road near Lumphini Park (where One Bangkok is currently being built) was held on 8 February 2014. The stadium then moved to its new home on Ram Inthra Road which can hold up to 5,000 spectators. The new stadium held the first fight on 11 February 2014 and was officially opened on 28 February 2014.
Anatoly Vyborny
Anatoly Borisovich Vyborny (Russian: Анатолий Борисович Выборный; born 8 June 1965, Shepetivka) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

From 1988 to 1991, he served at the Soviet Armed Forces. From 1991 to 2003, Vyborny worked at the Military Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation. From 2003 to 2010, he was the Chief Adviser of the Department for Cooperation with Law Enforcement Agencies of The Office of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Central Federal District. On 4 December 2011 he was elected deputy of the 6th State Duma. In 2016, he was re-elected for the 7th State Duma. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

6th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации VI созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.

The 6th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2011 parliamentary election. Of the seven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
Vocus (software)
Vocus was a public relations software company based in Beltsville, Maryland, United States, serving clients worldwide from 1992 to 2014. In addition to its web-based PR software suites, the company owns the online publicity services, PRWeb and Help a Reporter Out (HARO). Vocus was founded in 1992 by Rick Rudman and Bob Lentz and was a publicly held company until June 2014 when it was taken private by Chicago-based private equity company GTCR. The company operates additional offices in the United States, Europe and Asia. Since late 2014, the company merged with Cision AB to form Cision Inc. as the succeeding company.

Beltsville, Maryland
Beltsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in northern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The community was named for Truman Belt, a local landowner. The 2020 census counted 20,133 residents. Beltsville includes the unincorporated community of Vansville.
Topsy the Camel
Topsy the Camel (born prior to 1855, possibly as early as c. 1834 – April 1934), also known as Old Topsy, was a female Bactrian camel who was the last surviving member of the United States Camel Corps. Later in life, she was part of a menagerie at Ringling Brothers Circus, then was featured in several early films, then was a resident at the Selig and Griffith Park zoos.

Selig Zoo
The Selig Zoo in Los Angeles, California was an early 20th century animal collection managed by Col. W.N. Selig for use in Selig Polyscope Company films and as a tourist attraction. Over the years the zoo was also known as the Luna Park Zoo, California Zoological Gardens, Zoopark, and, eventually, Lincoln Amusement Park. After Westerns, "animal pictures" were Selig's second-most popular genre of film product.
Ongano Station
Ongano Station (遠賀野駅, Ongano-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Nōgata, Fukuoka. It is operated by the private transportation company Chikuhō Electric Railroad (Chikutetsu), and has station number CK19.

Chikuhō Electric Railroad Line
The Chikuhō Electric Railroad Line (筑豊電気鉄道線, Chikuhō Denki Tetsudō-sen) is a railway line in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, connecting Kurosaki-Ekimae in Kitakyushu with Chikuhō-Nōgata Station in Nōgata, operated by Chikuhō Electric Railroad (筑豊電気鉄道, Chikuhō Denki Tetsudō). The line does not have an official name. The company and the line are also called Chikutetsu (筑鉄). The company is a subsidiary of Nishi-Nippon Railroad (Nishitetsu), founded in 1951. The line originally had a through service with the Nishitetsu Kitakyushu Line, a tram line closed in 2000. Because of this, the Chikutetsu Line only uses tram vehicles. However, the line is legally classified as a railway under Railway Business Act, not a tramway under Tram Act, and the line does not share any segments with public roads.
Bohemians 1905
Bohemians Praha 1905, commonly known as Bohemka or Bohemians Prague, is a professional football club based in Vršovice, Prague, Czech Republic. The club competes in the Czech First League, the top division in the Czech Republic football league system. Founded in 1905 as AFK Vršovice, the club won the 1982–83 Czechoslovak First League, its only league championship. Its traditional home colours are green and white and a stylized kangaroo serves as both emblem and mascot, which gave rise to its more recent nickname Klokani ("Kangaroos").

The best-known player from Bohemians' history is Antonín Panenka, who is now the club chairman. Bohemians' mascot is a kangaroo, the legacy of a 1927 tour of Australia. Following the tour, the club was awarded two live kangaroos, which they donated to the Prague Zoo.

FK Viktoria Žižkov
FK Viktoria Žižkov is a Czech professional football club from the district of Žižkov in Prague. The club competes in the Czech National Football League, the second tier of football in the country. It won the Czechoslovak First League title in the 1927–28 season, and has also won two editions of the Czech Cup.
Rindert Kromhout
Rindert Kromhout (born 9 August 1958) is a Dutch author of children's books and young adult fiction. He is the author of the 2002 kinderboekenweekgeschenk, a commissioned book given away to book buyers during the annual Boekenweek.

Collectieve Propaganda van het Nederlandse Boek
The Collectieve Propaganda van het Nederlandse Boek (CPNB, "Collective Promotion for the Dutch Book") is a Dutch organization that includes representatives of bookstores and publishers, whose goal is to promote Dutch literature.
Hungarian handball clubs in European competitions
Hungarian handball clubs have entered European handball competitions (EHF Champions League (formerly known as EHF European Cup), EHF European League (formerly known as EHF Cup), EHF European Cup (formerly known as EHF Challenge Cup) and the now defunct EHF Cup Winners' Cup).

EHF European League
The EHF European League is an annual men's handball club competition organised by the European Handball Federation (EHF) since 1981. It is the second-tier competition of European club handball, ranking only below the EHF Champions League. Previously called the EHF Cup, the competition will be known as the EHF European League from the season 2020–21. SG Flensburg-Handewitt are the current holders.
Gaius Cilnius Proculus
Gaius Cilnius Proculus was a Roman senator active during the reign of Domitian. He was suffect consul for the nundinium September–December AD 87 with Lucius Neratius Priscus as his colleague. It is unknown how or if Proculus is related to the better-known Gaius Cilnius Maecenas. Proculus is known only through surviving inscriptions.

Proculus was the governor of Moesia Superior; the period of his administration has recently been dated as extending from the year 100 to 102. During his administration of the province, Proculus showed sufficient bravery in combat to be awarded dona militaria, or military decorations, likely as part of the Dacian Wars. A Gaius Cilnius Proculus is known to be governor of Dalmatia during the reign of Trajan, but Werner Eck considers that governor was more likely the suffect consul of the nundinium of March/April 100, and the son of this Proculus.

Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word nundinum, which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, nundinium came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year.
Three Billy Goats Gruff
"The Three Billy Goats Gruff" (Norwegian: De tre bukkene Bruse) is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe in their Norske Folkeeventyr, first published between 1841 and 1844. It has an Aarne-Thompson type of 122E. The first version of the story in English appeared in George Webbe Dasent's translation of some of the Norske Folkeeventyr, published as Popular Tales from the Norse in 1859. The heroes of the tale are three male goats who need to outsmart a ravenous troll to cross the bridge to their feeding ground.

Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
The Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index (ATU Index) is a catalogue of folktale types used in folklore studies. The ATU index is the product of a series of revisions and expansions by an international group of scholars: Originally published in German by Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne (1910), the index was translated into English, revised, and expanded by American folklorist Stith Thompson (1928, 1961), and later further revised and expanded by German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther (2004). The ATU index is an essential tool for folklorists, used along with the Thompson (1932) Motif-Index of Folk-Literature.
Jaitu
Jaitu (sometimes written as Jaito, also known as Gangsar Jaitu) is a historical city. Jaitu is a municipal council in Faridkot district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is subdivision in Ferozepur Division. It is 30 km (19 mi) from Bathinda, 130 km (81 mi) from Ludhiana, 150 km (93 mi)from Amritsar, 180 km (110 mi) from Patiala and 234 km (145 mi) from Chandigarh.

Firozpur
Firozpur, (pronunciation: [fɪroːzpʊr])  also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in the Firozpur District of Punjab, India. After the Partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan border with memorials to soldiers who died fighting for India. The nearby Firozpur Cantonment is a major cantonment of the country.
Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.

Dissociation (chemistry)
Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid dissolves in water, a covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom is broken by heterolytic fission, which gives a proton (H+) and a negative ion. Dissociation is the opposite of association or recombination.