hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Country code top-level domains with commercial licenses
Country code top-level domains with commercial licenses are Internet country code top-level domain that have adopted a policy for worldwide commercial use.

Some of the world's smallest countries have opened their country code domain to worldwide registrations for commercial purposes. For example, Tuvalu and the Federated States of Micronesia, small island-states in the Pacific, have partnered with VeriSign and FSM Telecommunications respectively, to sell domain name registrations using the .tv and .fm TLDs to television and radio stations.

Some commercially available ccTLDs are in demand for use outside their home countries because their name can provide a component of a meaningful word or phrase. These are sometimes referred to as vanity ccTLDs.

.tv
.tv is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Tuvalu. The domain name is popular, and thus economically valuable, because TV also happens to be an abbreviation of the word television.

In 1998, the government of Tuvalu sought to capitalize on the .tv suffix, later signing with the International Telecommunication Union, Information.CA, Idealab, Verisign, and currently GoDaddy to expand the domain. Except for reserved names like com.tv, net.tv, org.tv and others, anyone may register second-level domains under .tv. By 2019, 8.4% of the revenue of the government of Tuvalu came from .tv royalties, with hundreds of thousands of websites registered under the domain. Google treats .tv as a generic top-level domain (gTLD) because "users and website owners frequently see [the domain] as being more generic than country targeted."
Mark Bugden
Mark Bugden (born 8 December 1961), nicknamed "Buggo", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who primarily played as a hooker. The teams he played for at a club level were: the Newtown Jets (1981−83), the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs (1984−88), and the Parramatta Eels (1989−90).

Newtown Jets
The Newtown Jets are a rugby league football club based in Marrickville, a suburb of Sydney's inner west. They currently compete in the NSW Cup competition, having left the top grade after the 1983 NSWRFL season. The Jets' home ground is Henson Park, and their team colours are blue (traditionally royal blue) and white.

Established in 1908, Newtown were one of the founding members of the New South Wales Rugby Football League. They competed continuously in the NSWRFL premiership until their departure in 1983, the first reduction in the League since 1937. Over this period they won the competition three times.
Angel Island (California)
Angel Island (Spanish: Isla de los Ángeles) is an island in San Francisco Bay. The entire island is included within Angel Island State Park, administered by California State Parks. The island, a California Historical Landmark, has been used by humans for a variety of purposes, including seasonal hunting and gathering by Indigenous peoples, water and timber supply for European ships, ranching by Mexicans, United States military installations, a United States Public Health Service Quarantine Station, and a U.S. Bureau of Immigration inspection and detention facility. It has been compared to Ellis Island in New York, both being centers of immigration.

The Angel Island Immigration Station, on the northeast corner of the island, which has been designated a National Historic Landmark, is where officials detained, inspected, and examined approximately one million immigrants, who primarily came from Asia.

California State Parks
California State Parks is the state park system for the U.S. state of California. The system is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation, a department under the California Natural Resources Agency. The California State Parks system is the largest state park system in the United States.

California State Parks administers 279 separate park units on 1.4 million acres (5,700 km2), with over 280 miles (450 km) of California coastline; 625 miles (1,006 km) of lake and river frontage; nearly 15,000 campsites; and 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails. Headquartered in Sacramento, park administration is divided into 21 districts.
Mikayla Raines
Mikayla Anne Raines (March 5, 1995 – June 20, 2025) was an American animal rescuer, wildlife rehabilitator, and YouTuber. Working initially and particularly closely with foxes, she was the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Minnesota's SaveAFox Rescue, a nonprofit animal sanctuary organization specializing in rescuing animals from fur farms.

Documenting her and her sanctuary's efforts on Instagram and YouTube helped her develop a social media presence and attracted international media attention, with various foxes featured in her posts also going viral in their own right. According to her husband, she died by suicide after struggling with online harassment. Her death received widespread media coverage and sparked discussion about cyberbullying and mental health.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.
Elman W. Campbell Museum
The Elman W. Campbell Museum is a museum in Newmarket, Ontario. Beginning with the first Quaker settlers in the early 1800s, the museum covers the history of Newmarket and the surrounding area, with a focus on local artifacts and their significance.  It has several permanent exhibits, as well as space for temporary exhibits. Also available are community group programs for elementary school students and groups such as Scouts Canada.

The museum is located at 134 Main Street South and is wheelchair accessible.

Scouts Canada
Scouts Canada is a Canadian Scouting association that provides programs for young people ages 5 to 26. It aims "to help develop well-rounded youth, better prepared for success in the world." Scouts Canada, in affiliation with the French-language Association des Scouts du Canada, is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

In 2022-2023, there were 41,733 youth members and 12,960 volunteers in Scouts Canada. The association has declined significantly in size since its peak in 1965: youth membership is down 85% from 288,084, and volunteers are down 61% from 33,524.
Eric Booker
Eric James "Badlands" Booker (born June 21, 1969), also known by his online pseudonym BadlandsChugs, is an American competitive eater, rapper, and YouTuber. He holds seven Major League Eating recognized world records, three Guinness World Records, is a four-time Nathan's Lemonade Chugging Contest champion, and competed in the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest every year from 1997 to 2018.

Major League Eating
Major League Eating (MLE) is an organization that oversees professional competitive eating events and television specials. The league airs its annual Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International Hot Dog Eating Contest on ESPN.

Brothers Richard and George Shea took over Nathan's publicity in the mid-1990s and were able to increase the exposure and attendance of Nathan's hot dog eating contest. Seeing a business opportunity, the brothers founded International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE) in 1997 as a sanctioning body to oversee, regulate, and organize events and TV deals. IFOCE's professional league became known as Major League Eating.

Major League Eating coordinates events in the United States and Canada.
1st Northern Provincial Council
The 1st Northern Provincial Council is the current meeting of the Northern Provincial Council, with the membership determined by the results of the 2013 provincial council election held on 21 September 2013. The council met for the first time on 25 October 2013. According to the Constitution of Sri Lanka the maximum term of a provincial council is 5 years from the date of its first meeting.

2013 Sri Lankan provincial council elections
Provincial council elections were held in Sri Lanka on 21 September 2013 to elect 148 members to three of the nine provincial councils in the country. 4.4 million Sri Lankans were eligible to vote in the election. Elections to the remaining six provincial councils were not due as they had their last election in 2009 or 2012. This was the first provincial council election in the Northern Province in 25 years.

The United People's Freedom Alliance's domination of Sri Lankan elections continued as expected. It retained control of two provincial councils (Central and North Western) but the Tamil National Alliance won control of the first Northern Provincial Council.
Yuichi Shimogami
Yuichi Shimogami (霜上 雄一, Shimogami Yūichi; born 5 March 1998) is a Japanese badminton player from Kumamoto Prefecture who specializes in doubles. He is a member of the Japanese national team and plays for the Hitachi Information & Telecommunication Engineering badminton team. Shimogami competes in men's doubles with Takumi Nomura and in mixed doubles with Sayaka Hobara. He achieved career-high world rankings of No. 29 in men's doubles with Nomura on 17 February 2026 and No. 17 in mixed doubles with Hobara on 20 January 2026.

Shimogami won both the men's and mixed doubles titles at the 2024 Northern Marianas Open. His partnership with Nomura has yielded multiple International Challenge titles, and he and Hobara finished as runners-up at the 2024 Malaysia Super 100. He has contributed to the Japan team winning bronze medals at the 2025 Sudirman Cup and the 2025 Asia Mixed Team Championships.

2025 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships
The 2025 Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships, officially known as the Tsingtao Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championship 2025 for sponsorship reasons, was the fourth edition of the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships was held at the Conson Gymnasium, Qingdao, China from 11 to 16 February 2025. It was organized by Badminton Asia and hosted by the Chinese Badminton Association.
Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey
The Robert Morris Colonials men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Robert Morris University. The team plays its home games at the Clearview Arena, located at the RMU Island Sports Center in Neville Township, Pennsylvania, United States. The Colonials are members of Atlantic Hockey America, formed shortly after the 2023–24 season by the merger of RMU's former men's league of the Atlantic Hockey Association and the women-only College Hockey America (CHA), in which RMU had been a member. The Colonials men had been members of CHA until its men's division disbanded at the end of the 2009–10 season.

Neville Township, Pennsylvania
Neville Township is a township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its land area consists entirely of Neville Island, which is an island on the Ohio River. The population was 1,108 at the 2020 census.
WJQX
WJQX (100.5 FM, "Jox Tuscaloosa") is a commercial radio station licensed to Helena, Alabama, and serving Greater Birmingham and Central Alabama.  It is one of several sports radio stations owned by Cumulus Media in the Birmingham area, along with WJOX 690 AM and 94.5 WJOX-FM.  Most of WJQX's schedule is from ESPN Radio and it also carries Auburn University Tigers sports.  The studios are on Goodwin Crest Drive in Homewood.

WJQX is a Class C1 FM station.  It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 69,000 watts.  The transmitter is off Cedar Crest Road in Vance, Alabama.

Vance, Alabama
Vance is a town in Tuscaloosa and Bibb counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, Vance had a population of 2,092. It is most famous for the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International plant, currently the only one in North America.

The Tuscaloosa County portion of Vance is part of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Bibb County portion is part of the Birmingham–Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Ivan Dziuba
Ivan Mykhailovych Dziuba (Ukrainian: Іван Михайлович Дзюба; 26 July 1931 – 22 February 2022) was a Ukrainian literary critic, social activist, and Soviet dissident. Honoured as a Hero of Ukraine in 2001, Dziuba was an academic of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the second Minister of Culture of Ukraine (1992—1994), and head of the committee for Shevchenko National Prize (1999–2001).

Dziuba was the editor in chief of the magazine The Contemporary (Ukrainian: «Сучасність») and during the 1990s was a member of the editorial boards of scientific magazines Kyiv Antiquity  (Ukrainian: «Київська старовина»), Word and Time («Слово і час»), Euroatlantic  («Євроатлантика»), and others. He was also the Co-Chief of editorial board of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine.

Shevchenko National Prize
The Shevchenko National Prize (Ukrainian: Націона́льна пре́мія Украї́ни і́мені Тараса́ Шевче́нка; also Shevchenko Award) is the highest state prize of Ukraine for works of culture and arts awarded since 1961. It is named after the inspirer of the Ukrainian national revival Taras Shevchenko. It is one of the five state prizes of Ukraine that are awarded for achievements in various fields.
Zhou Yun (footballer)
Zhou Yun (simplified Chinese: 周云; traditional Chinese: 周雲; pinyin: Zhōu Yún; born 31 December 1990) is a retired Chinese professional footballer who had only played for Chinese Super League club Jiangsu Suning in his entire career.

Jiangsu F.C.
Jiangsu Football Club (Chinese: 江苏足球俱乐部) was a Chinese professional football club based in Nanjing, Jiangsu, most known for their spell in the Chinese Super League from 2009 to 2020. Their home stadium was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre. The club was previously known as Jiangsu Sainty F.C. from 2000 to 2016 and Jiangsu Suning F.C. from 2016 to 2021. The club's last owner was Suning Appliance Group, a sister company of Suning.com.

The team was founded in 1958 as Jiangsu Provincial Team. The modern professional football club was established in March 1994, and was one of the founding members of the first fully professional top-flight league in China participating in the 1994 Chinese Jia-A League season. It faced relegation in that campaign, but the team went on to win promotion back into the top-flight at the end of the 2008 league season.

The 2020 Chinese Super League saw the club win their first, and only, top-flight championship: three months later, the club was dissolved.
Wanchi
Wancii, also spelled Wancii in Oromo, is a woreda in the central Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is located in the Southwest Shewa Zone; bordered on the southwest by Amaya, on the north by West Shewa Zone (Ambo district), and on the southeast by Waliso district and Goro District. The administrative centre of Wanchi is Chitu. Dariyan and Haroo-Wancii have emerged as rapidly growing rural towns. Specially Haroo-Wancii town, which is located at a distance of 5 km from Wancii Crater lake, is attracting the attention of many investors and booming.

The highest point in Wanchi is Wonchi volcano, which is about 3,450 metres (11,320 ft) above sea level. The volcano contains a caldera and crater lake with islands and an ancient monastery, all which makes the caldera a popular tourist destination. Warqee (also known as Enset) is by far the most important staple crop in the area.

Wonchi (volcano)
Wenchi crater lake, also spelled as Wancii or Wonchi,  is a volcano located 98 km (61 mi) west of Addis Ababa, in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. At 3,450 m (11,320 ft) above sea level, it is the highest volcano in Ethiopia, 13.5 km (8.4 mi) from Mount Dendi, Ethiopia's second highest volcano. Wonchi is located at equal distance between the towns of Ambo and Woliso. It erupted in the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic Era.
Bernard Haitink
Bernard Johan Herman Haitink (Dutch: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːitɪŋk]; 4 March 1929 – 21 October 2021) was a Dutch conductor and violinist. He was the principal conductor of several international orchestras, beginning with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1961. He moved to London, as principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra from 1967 to 1979, music director at Glyndebourne Opera from 1978 to 1988 and of the Royal Opera House from 1987 to 2002, when he became principal conductor of the Staatskapelle Dresden. Finally, he was principal conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 2006 to 2010. The focus of his prolific recording was classical symphonies and orchestral works, but he also conducted operas. He conducted 90 concerts at The Proms in London, the last on 3 September 2019 with the Vienna Philharmonic. His awards include Grammy Awards and the 2015 Gramophone Award for his lifetime achievements.

Gramophone Classical Music Awards
The Gramophone Classical Music Awards, launched in 1977, are one of the most significant honours bestowed on recordings in the classical record industry. The British awards are often viewed as equivalent to or surpassing the American Grammy Awards, and referred to as the Oscars for classical music. They are widely regarded as the most influential and prestigious classical music awards in the world. According to Matthew Owen, national sales manager for Harmonia Mundi USA, "ultimately it is the classical award, especially worldwide."

The winners are selected annually by critics for the Gramophone magazine and various members of the industry, including retailers, broadcasters, arts administrators, and musicians. Awards are usually presented in September each year in London.
Bulverism
Bulverism is a rhetorical fallacy that combines circular reasoning, the genetic fallacy and ad hominem with presumption or condescension. The Bulverist presumes that a speaker's argument is false or invalid and then explains why the speaker made that argument (even if said argument is actually correct) by attacking the speaker or the speaker's motive.

Similar to Antony Flew's "subject/motive shift", Bulverism is a fallacy of irrelevance—one dismisses an argument based solely on the arguer's identity or motive (real or perceived), but these are mere proxies for credibility (and therefore susceptible to human error and false assumptions); not determinants of an argument's factual validity or truth.

The term Bulverism was coined by C. S. Lewis (after "its imaginary inventor, Ezekiel Bulver") to poke fun at a serious error in thinking that, he alleged, frequently occurred in a variety of religious, political, and philosophical debates.

Appeal to motive
Appeal to motive is a pattern of argument which consists in challenging a thesis by calling into question the motives of its proposer. It can be considered as a special case of the ad hominem circumstantial argument. As such, this type of argument is an informal fallacy.

A common feature of appeals to motive is that only the possibility of a motive (however small) is shown, without showing the motive actually existed or, if the motive did exist, that the motive played a role in forming the argument and its conclusion. Indeed, it is often assumed that the mere possibility of motive is evidence enough.
Sead Hakšabanović
Sead Hakšabanović (Montenegrin: Сеад Хакшабановић; [seːad hakʃabaːnoʋitɕ]; Albanian: Sead Hakshabanaj; born 4 May 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Allsvenskan club Malmö FF. Born in Sweden, he represents the Montenegro national team.

Montenegro national football team
The Montenegro national football team (Montenegrin: Fudbalska reprezentacija Crne Gore) has represented Montenegro in men's international football since 2007. It is controlled by the Football Association of Montenegro, the governing body for football in Montenegro. Montenegro's home ground is Podgorica City Stadium in Podgorica.

Montenegro is one of the world's youngest international teams, having joined FIFA and UEFA in 2007 following the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum. The team played its first official international match against Hungary in March 2007.
2018 Sandown 500
The 2018 Sandown 500 (known for sponsorship purposes as the 2018 Rabble.club Sandown 500) was a motor racing event for Supercars, held on the weekend of 14 to 16 September 2018. The event was held at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and consisted of one race, 500 kilometres in length. It was the twelfth event of sixteen in the 2018 Supercars Championship and hosted Race 24 of the series. It was also the first event of the 2018 Enduro Cup.

The race was won by Jamie Whincup and Paul Dumbrell driving a Holden Commodore ZB.

2018 Supercars Championship
The 2018 Supercars Championship (known for commercial reasons as the 2018 Virgin Australia Supercars Championship) was an FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for Supercars. It was the twentieth running of the Supercars Championship and the twenty-second series in which Supercars have contested the premier Australian touring car title. Teams and drivers competed in thirty-one races at sixteen venues across Australia and New Zealand for the championship titles. Scott McLaughlin won his maiden title at the final race in Newcastle, while Triple Eight Race Engineering won the Teams Championship at Pukekohe.

The 2018 season saw the introduction of the first Gen 2 Supercars, which opened up the category up to a wider variety of body shapes and engine configurations. The championship saw the introduction of the hatchback Holden ZB Commodore, marking the first time since 1994 that a car with a body shape other than a four-door sedan has competed.
Bay City State Park
Bay City State Park (previously Bay City State Recreation Area) is a 2,389-acre (967 ha) state park located on the shore of Saginaw Bay near Bay City in Bay County, Michigan, United States. The Tobico Marsh, one of the largest remaining freshwater, coastal wetlands on the Great Lakes is located in the park. The park is a haven for migratory birds and wetland wildlife. Other natural features of the park include a mile of sandy beach, over 2,000 acres (810 ha) of wetland woods, meadows, oak savannah prairies, and cattail marshes.

Saginaw Bay
Saginaw Bay is a bay within Lake Huron located on the eastern side of the U.S. state of Michigan. It forms the space between Michigan's Thumb region and the rest of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Saginaw Bay is 1,143 square miles (2,960 km2) in area. It is located in parts of five Michigan counties: Arenac, Bay, Huron, Iosco, and Tuscola.
Sima Milovanov
Sima Milovanov (Serbian Cyrillic: Сима Милованов; 10 April 1923 – 16 November 2002) was a Serbian footballer who was part of Yugoslavia national football team at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He later became a manager with Cyprus.

Yugoslavia national football team
The Yugoslavia national football team represented Yugoslavia in international association football.

Although the team mainly represented the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the post-war SFR Yugoslavia, various iterations of the state were formally constituted in football, including the:

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1945)

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1945)

Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1963)

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963–1992)

It enjoyed success in international competition, reaching the semi-finals at the 1930 and 1962 FIFA World Cups. In 1992, during the Yugoslav wars, the team was suspended from international competition as part of the United Nations sanctions on Yugoslavia.