hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mists of Dawn
Mists of Dawn is a juvenile science fiction novel by science fiction writer and anthropologist Chad Oliver first published in 1952 by John C. Winston, Co. as a part of the Winston Science Fiction series of juvenile novels. The story follows the adventures of adolescent Mark Nye when he is accidentally transported to the Stone Age by his uncle's time machine. It includes a factual foreword on the science of anthropology and how Oliver uses this science in the telling of his story.

Winston Science Fiction
Winston Science Fiction was a series of 37 American juvenile science fiction books published by the John C. Winston Company of Philadelphia from 1952 to 1960 and by its successor Holt, Rinehart & Winston in 1960 and 1961. It included 35 novels by various writers, including many who became famous in the SF field, such as Poul Anderson, Arthur C. Clarke, Ben Bova, and Lester del Rey. There was also one anthology, The Year After Tomorrow, edited by del Rey and others. There was one non-fiction book Rockets Through Space: The Story of Man's Preparations to Explore the Universe by del Rey which details the factual science and technology of rocket flight. Many of the dust jackets became science fiction classics; the artists included Hugo Award winners Ed Emshwiller and Virgil Finlay along with Hugo nominees such as Mel Hunter and Alex Schomburg.
Milk snake
The milk snake or milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum), is a species of kingsnake; there were once up to 24 subspecies recognized, however fewer are officially recognized today. Lampropeltis elapsoides, the scarlet kingsnake, was formerly classified as a 25th subspecies (L. t. elapsoides), but is now recognized as a distinct species. The previously delineated subspecies have strikingly different appearances, and many of them have their own common names. Morphological and genetic data suggest that this species could be split into several separate species, and it has been by several authorities. Lampropeltis gentilis, Lampropeltis annulata, Lampropeltis abnorma, Lampropeltis polyzona, and Lampropeltis micropholis have been elevated to the species level. Milksnakes are not venomous.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
5th Dragoons (Canada)
The 5th Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1901, the regiment was amalgamated with the 6th Duke of Connaught's Royal Canadian Hussars – today now part of The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal).

6th Duke of Connaught's Royal Canadian Hussars
The 6th Duke of Connaught's Royal Canadian Hussars was a light cavalry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). First formed in 1855 as an independent cavalry troop, in 1879 it became a full regiment and was the oldest cavalry regiment in Montreal. In 1958, the regiment was amalgamated with the 17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars to form The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal).
Burdette Park
Burdette Park is a recreational facility in Vanderburgh County, Indiana.  It is the only municipal park in Vanderburgh County not operated by the City of Evansville. Burdette Park provides a recreational and educational environment consisting of approximately 170 acres of wooded hills in Southwestern Indiana.

Vanderburgh County, Indiana
Vanderburgh County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 180,136. The county seat is Evansville. While Vanderburgh County was the eighth-largest county in 2020 population in Indiana, it is also the eighth-smallest county in area and the smallest in southwestern Indiana, covering only 236 square miles (610 km2). Vanderburgh County forms the core of the Evansville metropolitan statistical area.
Eunota circumpicta
Eunota circumpicta, the cream-edged tiger beetle, is a species of tiger beetle in the Cicindelidae family. The species is native to the United States. It was formerly known as Cicindela circumpicta and Habroscelimorpha circumpicta.

Tiger beetle
Tiger beetles or the Cicindelidae are a family of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest known species of tiger beetle, Rivacindela hudsoni, can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph; 2.5 m/s), or about 125 body lengths per second. As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics. While historically treated as a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae) under the name Cicindelinae, several studies since 2020 indicated that they should be treated as a family, the Cicindelidae, a sister group to Carabidae, within the Adephaga.
Cerveno
Cerveno (Camunian: Hervé) is a comune of 683 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia,  Lombardy, northern Italy.

The village of Cerveno is bounded by other communes of Braone, Ceto, Losine, Lozio, Malegno, Ono San Pietro, Paisco Loveno, Schilpario.

Eastern Lombard dialects
Eastern Lombard is a group of closely related variants of Lombard, a Gallo-Italic language
 spoken in Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua, in the area around Cremona and in parts of Trentino. Its main variants are Bergamasque and Brescian.

In Italian-speaking contexts, Eastern Lombard is often called as dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that pre-dates the establishment of Tuscan-based Italian.

Eastern Lombard and Italian have only limited mutual intelligibility, like many other Romance languages spoken in Italy.

Eastern Lombard does not have any official status either in Lombardy or anywhere else: the only official language in Lombardy is Italian.
Symphony No. 3 (Harbison)
The Symphony No. 3 is an orchestral composition by the American composer John Harbison.  The work was commissioned by the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra under the conductor David Zinman for the orchestra's 75th anniversary.  It was given its world premiere on February 26, 1991 by the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra directed by Zinman.  The piece is dedicated to Harbison's friend and fellow composer Christopher Rouse.

Christopher Rouse (composer)
Christopher Chapman Rouse III (February 15, 1949 – September 21, 2019) was an American composer. Though he wrote for various ensembles, Rouse is primarily known for his orchestral compositions, including a Requiem, a dozen concertos, and six symphonies. His work received numerous accolades, including the Kennedy Center Friedheim Award, the Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition, and the Pulitzer Prize for Music. He also served as the composer-in-residence for the New York Philharmonic from 2012 to 2015.
Mike Smith (music executive)
Mike Smith is the global president of Downtown Music Publishing, a division of Downtown Music Holdings. Prior to this move, Smith was Managing Director at Warner/Chappell Music UK, part of the global music publishing arm of Warner Music Group.

Downtown Music Holdings
Downtown Music Holdings is a New York City-based rights management and music services company with ten businesses divided into two verticals, Creator and Business (Downtown Music). In February 2026, it was announced that it had been acquired by Virgin Music Group, a unit of Universal Music Group.
Matt Drudge
Matthew Nathan Drudge (born October 27, 1966) is an American journalist and the creator/editor of the Drudge Report, an American news aggregator. Drudge is also an author and a former radio and television show host.

John F. Harris
John F. Harris is an American political journalist who is the co-founder and global editor-in-chief of Politico. With former partner Jim VandeHei, Harris founded Politico on January 23, 2007, and previously served as editor-in-chief until 2019. Harris is the author of a book on Bill Clinton called The Survivor, and the co-author of The Way to Win: Clinton, Bush, Rove and How to Take the White House in 2008, with Mark Halperin.
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul, commonly known as Caxias, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The team plays in Série C, the third tier of the Brazilian football league system, as well as in the Gauchão Série A, the top tier of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Caxias won the Campeonato Gaúcho – Rio Grande do Sul State Championship in 2000.

Its fiercest rival is Juventude, the other club based in Caxias do Sul. The local derby is known as Ca-Ju. As of 2024, the Grená is ranked as the 74th best team in Brazil, according to the Brazilian Football Confederation Ranking.

Campeonato Brasileiro Série C
The Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, commonly known as the Série C or the Brazilian Série C to distinguish it from the Italian Serie C, is the third tier of the Brazilian football league system.

Unlike the first and second divisions, the Série C is not played in a double round robin system, and the tournament is organized in a different format.

From 1981 to 2008, it was the lowest national division of the country. However, beginning in 2009, the Série C was reduced from 64 teams to 20 and the new Campeonato Brasileiro Série D was introduced. In its current format, the first phase is played in a single round, with 19 matches. The top eight teams qualify for a second stage and the top two of each 4-team group are promoted to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B, and the group winners decide the title. The four lowest-placed teams are relegated to the Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.
Mdumiseni Ntuli
Mdumiseni Ntuli (born 5 March 1979) is a South African politician. He has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly since June 2024, and he formerly served in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature from May 2016 to July 2018. He left the latter position to serve as Provincial Secretary of the ANC's KwaZulu-Natal branch, an office he held between 2018 and 2022.

A former member of the ANC Youth League, Ntuli rose to prominence as a member and spokesperson of the Provincial Executive Committee of the KwaZulu-Natal ANC. He also spent a decade working for the ANC as an administrator and organiser at its national headquarters at Luthuli House. After a failed bid to become national ANC secretary-general, he was elected to a five-year term on the party's National Executive Committee in December 2022.

KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
The KwaZulu-Natal Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is unicameral in its composition and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the leading party or coalition members in the parliament. Thami Ntuli of the Inkatha Freedom Party was elected Premier of KwaZulu-Natal at the first sitting of the provincial legislature on 14 June 2024.
Sundbusserne
Sundsbusserne is a pedestrian and bicycle only passenger route established in 1958 which connects Elsinore, (Danish: Helsingør), Zealand, Denmark and Helsingborg.  Scania, Sweden

Sundbusserne e.g. the bus over the sound was founded by the Moltzau company under Norwegian flag in 1958, and during the time between the 1960s and the first decade of the second millennium they departed every 15th or 20th minute from each harbour. At their peak in the early 1990's there were up to 96 crossings from each port per day.

In 2006 the shipping line was sold to Eitzen holding and renamed to "ACE-link" in 2007. After a failed investment in two larger ships, Simara ACE and Siluna ACE, they fell into bankruptcy. in 2010 the line was restarted again under a new company "Sundsbusserne A/S" with the older ship Siletta ACE renamed as Pernille.
In 2018 "Jeppe" was bought back and the tours to Copenhagen and the island of [Ven] was more frequent in the inteniary.

Helsingør
Helsingør (/ˌhɛlsɪŋˈɜːr/ HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; classically known in English as Elsinore (/ˈɛlsɪnɔːr, ˌɛlsɪˈnɔːr/ EL-sin-or, -⁠OR), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsingør is located at the narrowest part of the Øresund strait and together with Helsingborg in Sweden, forms the northern reaches of the Øresund Region, centred on Copenhagen and Malmö. Helsingør is a ferry city, with the frequent departures on the HH Ferry route, which connects Helsingør with Helsingborg, 4 km (2.5 mi) across the Øresund.

Its castle Kronborg was used by William Shakespeare as the setting for his play Hamlet.
Phoenix (son of Amyntor)
In Greek mythology, Phoenix (Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ Phoinix, gen. Φοίνικος Phoinikos) was the son of king Amyntor. Because of a dispute with his father, Phoenix fled to Phthia, where he became king of the Dolopians, and tutor of the young Achilles, whom he accompanied to the Trojan War. After Achilles had in anger withdrawn from the war, Phoenix tried to persuade Achilles to return.

Phoenix appears as a character in the Iliad, where Homer has him tell his story. He is also mentioned several times in the Epic Cycle. There were several lost 5th-century BC tragedies titled Phoenix, which presumably told his story, and he appeared as a character in several others. Mentions of Phoenix occur in Pindar, the Palatine Anthology, Lycophron, Ovid and Hyginus, and a brief account of his story is given by the mythographer Apollodorus. Phoenix also appears in many works of ancient art from as early as the 6th century BC.

Gaius Julius Hyginus
Gaius Julius Hyginus (/hɪˈdʒaɪnəs/; c. 64 BC – AD 17) was a Latin author, a pupil of the scholar Alexander Polyhistor, and a freedman of Augustus, and reputed author of the Fabulae and the De astronomia, although this is disputed.
Levels of adequacy
In his work Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965), Noam Chomsky introduces a  hierarchy of levels of adequacy for evaluating grammars (theories of specific languages) and metagrammars (theories of grammars).

These levels constitute a taxonomy of theories (a grammar of a natural language being an example of such a theory) according to validation.  This taxonomy might be extended to scientific theories in general, and from there even stretched into the field of the aesthetics of art.  This present article's use of the phrase as a terminus technicus should not be confused with its everyday language uses.

Metatheory
A metatheory or meta-theory is a theory whose subject matter is another theory. Analyses or descriptions of an existing theory would be considered meta-theories. For mathematics and mathematical logic, a metatheory is a mathematical theory about another mathematical theory. Meta-theoretical investigations are part of the philosophy of science. The topic of metascience is an attempt to use scientific knowledge to improve the practice of science itself.

The study of metatheory became widespread during the 20th century after its application to various topics, including scientific linguistics and its concept of metalanguage.
UMPB D-30SN
The UMPB D-30SN (in Russian: УМПБ Д-30СН) is a Russian precision guided glide bomb, also known as the "Universal Interspecific Glide Munition". It consists of a folding wing and aerodynamic surfaces on a cruciform tail, enabling it to glide towards its target from greater standoff ranges compared to conventional "dumb" bombs such as the FAB-250. This allows the launching aircraft to engage targets from greater distances, minimizing risk to the aircraft, and reduces sortie times. It uses both GLONASS satellite navigation and internal navigation systems, improving accuracy over extended distances. It is comparable to the US made GBU-39/B.

UMPK (bomb kit)
The UMPK (Russian: УМПК; Унифицированный модуль планирования и коррекции, Unified gliding and correction module) is a munition guidance kit first developed by the Russian Bazalt Design Bureau for converting unguided Soviet bombs into precision-guided glide bombs. This kit is an aerial bomb glide range extension kit, similar to the American Joint Direct Attack Munition Extended Range (JDAM-ER) and thus it was sometime nicknamed "Russian JDAM". The guidance system and gliding function of the UMPK kit can provide ordinary aerial bombs with longer-range and more accurate strike capabilities. They have been widely used by the Russian Air Force during the Russo-Ukrainian war.
Witten-Annen Nord station
Witten-Annen Nord station is located in the Annen district of Witten in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station is currently classified as a category 6 station. It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 5.

S5 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
Line S 5 is a S-Bahn line in the Rhine-Ruhr network. It is operated by DB Regio. It runs from Dortmund Hbf via Witten Hbf to Hagen Hbf. There are current plans to expand the line by building five new stations. It is operated between Dortmund and Witten at 30-minute intervals and between Witten and Hagen at 60-minute intervals using Alstom Coradia Continental type 1440.3 and class 422.

Line S 5 runs over  the Elberfeld–Dortmund railway opened by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 20 December 1848.

S-Bahn services commenced on the whole length of the route on 29 May 1994.
1990 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1990 Maine gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1990 to elect the governor of Maine. Incumbent Republican governor John McKernan won re-election to a second term, defeating Democratic nominee, former governor and incumbent Congressman Joseph E. Brennan in a tight contest. Independent Andrew Adam took in 9.3% of the vote. Both Brennan and McKernan were unopposed in their respective primaries.

This was the last election until 2010 that Maine elected a Republican governor. This was also the last Maine gubernatorial election until 2022 in which the winner was of the same party as the incumbent president, as well as the most recent Maine gubernatorial election that an incumbent governor won re-election with a smaller margin of victory than in their first election.

John R. McKernan Jr.
John Rettie "Jock" McKernan Jr. (born May 20, 1948) is an American politician who served two terms as the 71st governor of Maine, from 1987 to 1995.

Born in Bangor, Maine, McKernan attended Dartmouth College and then the University of Maine School of Law. A Republican, McKernan was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives before becoming governor. He also served in the state house from 1973 to 1977 and was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1976 and 1984.
2016–17 Gibraltar Women's Football League
The 2016–17 Gibraltar Women's Football League is the first season of 11-a-side women's football in Gibraltar since the territory joined UEFA in 2013, and FIFA in 2016. The league had been in operation for a number of years previously, but teams were ineligible for entry to the UEFA Women's Champions League as it was only a 9-a-side tournament. Manchester 62 were the reigning champions.

Lincoln Red Imps won the title. They did not enter the 2017–18 UEFA Women's Champions League though.

Lincoln Red Imps F.C.
Lincoln Red Imps Football Club is a professional football club from Gibraltar. They play in the Gibraltar Football League, and share Victoria Stadium with all other clubs in the territory. They are the country's record champion with 29 league titles, including fourteen consecutive titles between 2003 and 2016, and in 2014 were the first team to represent Gibraltar in the UEFA Champions League's qualifying stage. In August 2021, Lincoln became the first club from Gibraltar to ever reach the group stages of a European club competition after defeating the Latvian champions Riga FC in the play-off round of the UEFA Europa Conference League.

The club has won 7 domestic trebles and 4 doubles in its history. They hold the record for Europe's longest men's chronological unbeaten league run of 88 matches over 1,959 days from May 2009 to September 2014.
Map (higher-order function)
In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type.  It is often called apply-to-all when considered in functional form.

The concept of a map is not limited to lists: it works for sequential containers, tree-like containers, or even abstract containers such as futures and promises.

Container (abstract data type)
In computer science, a container is a class or a data structure whose instances are collections of other objects. In other words, they store objects in an organized way that follows specific access rules.

The size of the container depends on the number of objects (elements) it contains. Underlying (inherited) implementations of various container types may vary in size, complexity and type of language, but in many cases they  provide flexibility in choosing the right implementation for any given scenario.

Container data structures are commonly used in many types of programming languages.
Sandyford, Glasgow
Sandyford is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is north of the River Clyde and forms part of the western periphery of the city centre. Formerly the name of a ward under Glasgow Town Council in the first part of the 20th century, it is within a continuous area of fairly dense urban development bordering several other neighbourhoods whose mutual boundaries have blurred over time, and is possibly less well known than all of the places which adjoin it, particularly Anderston and Finnieston.

Anderston
Anderston (Scots: Anderstoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile Aindrea - a portmanteau of "Anderson's Town") is an area within inner Glasgow, Scotland. It is on the north bank of the River Clyde and forms the south western edge of the city centre. Established as a village of handloom weavers in the early 18th century, Anderston was an independent burgh of barony from 1824 until it was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1846.

The district is served by Anderston railway station.  It is bordered by Charing Cross to the north, Blythswood Hill to the east and Finnieston to the west.
Varanasi–Kanpur Central Varuna Express
"NOTE- THE TRAIN HAS BEEN PERMANENTLY CANCELLED"

The Varanasi–Kanpur Central Varuna Express is an Express train belonging to Northern Railway zone that runs between Kanpur Central and Varanasi Junction in India. It is currently being operated with 24227/24228 train numbers on five days in a week.

Varanasi Junction railway station
Varanasi Junction railway station (station code: BSB) is the main railway station serving the city of Varanasi. The other key railway stations in the Varanasi Metro area are Banaras, Varanasi City, Kashi and Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction. The junction station is sandwiched between the cantonment region and Chetganj region of the city. The station is partially controlled by the Lucknow Division of the Northern Railway Zone and the Varanasi Division of the North Eastern Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. Varanasi Junction railway station nearly reaches the frequency of 300 trains daily. Almost, 29 trains originate and terminate at the station. Premium trains of Indian Railways also originate from the Varanasi Junction, such as Vande Bharat Express, Mahamana Express Rajdhani Express