hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic antigen
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly-related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Consequently, CEA is usually present at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults (about 2–4 ng/mL). However, the serum levels are raised in some types of cancer, which means that it can be used as a tumor marker in clinical tests. Serum levels can also be elevated in heavy smokers.

CEA are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) cell-surface-anchored glycoproteins whose specialized sialo fucosylated glycoforms serve as functional colon carcinoma L-selectin and E-selectin ligands, which may be critical to the metastatic dissemination of colon carcinoma cells. Immunologically they are characterized as members of the CD66 cluster of differentiation. The proteins include CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, CD66d, CD66e, CD66f.

Tumor marker
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor therapy.

Tumor markers can be molecules that are produced in higher amounts by cancer cells than normal cells, but can also be produced by other cells from a reaction with the cancer.

The markers can't be used to give patients a diagnosis but can be compared with the result of other tests like biopsy or imaging.
John Somers, 1st Baron Somers
John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, PC, FRS (4 March 1651 – 26 April 1716) was an English jurist, Whig statesman and peer. Somers first came to national attention in the trial of the Seven Bishops where he was on their defence counsel. He published tracts on political topics such as the succession to the crown, where he elaborated his Whig principles in support of the Exclusionists. He played a leading part in shaping the Revolution settlement. He was Lord High Chancellor of England under King William III and was a chief architect of the union between England and Scotland achieved in 1707 and the Protestant succession achieved in 1714. He was a leading Whig during the twenty-five years after 1688; with four colleagues he formed the Whig Junto.

Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 until 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was a Roman Catholic. None became law. Two new parties formed. The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country Party", who were soon to be called the Whigs, supported it. While the matter of James's exclusion was not decided in Parliament during Charles's reign, it would come to a head only three years after James took the throne, when he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Finally, the Act of Settlement 1701 decided definitively that Roman Catholics were to be excluded from the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, later the British throne.
Gregory (given name)
The masculine first name Gregory or Grégory derives from the Latin name "Gregorius", which came from the late Greek name "Γρηγόριος" (Grēgórios) meaning "watchful, alert" (derived from "ἐγείρω" "egeiro" meaning "to awaken, arouse"). (See also the egrḗgoroi or Watcher angels in Second Book of Enoch).

Through folk etymology, the name also became associated with Latin grex (stem greg–) meaning "flock" or "herd". This association with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock contributed to the name's popularity among monks and popes.

Sixteen popes and two antipopes have used the name Gregorius, starting with Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great). It is tied with Benedict as the second-most popular name for popes, after John.

Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male names in the United States in the 1950s and has remained popular since.

Pope Gregory
Gregory has been the name of sixteen popes of the Catholic Church and two antipopes:

Pope Gregory I ("the Great"; saint; 590–604), after whom the Gregorian chant is named

Pope Gregory II (saint; 715–731)

Pope Gregory III (saint; 731–741)

Pope Gregory IV (827–844)

Pope Gregory V (996–999)
Antipope Gregory VI (1012)

Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046)

Pope Gregory VII (saint; 1073–1085), after whom the Gregorian Reform is named
Antipope Gregory VIII (1118–1121)

Pope Gregory VIII (1187)

Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241)

Pope Gregory X (blessed; 1271–1276)

Pope Gregory XI (1370–1378)

Pope Gregory XII (1406–1415)

Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585), after whom the Gregorian calendar is named

Pope Gregory XIV (1590–1591)

Pope Gregory XV (1621–1623)

Pope Gregory XVI (1831–1846)
Culinary specialist (United States Navy)
Culinary Specialist (abbreviated CS) is a United States Navy and United States Coast Guard occupational rating. The Navy rating was created on January 15, 2004 from the Mess Management Specialist (MS) rating.

The U.S. Coast Guard replaced its previously named Food Service Specialist (FS) rating with Culinary Specialist on January 6, 2017 in order to "accurately reflect the culinary skills and professional expertise held by members of the rating".

Naval rating
In military terminology, a rate or rating (also known as bluejacket in the United States) is a junior enlisted sailor in a navy who is below the military rank of warrant officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.
Paracentropogon longispinis
Paracentropogon longispinis, the wispy waspfish, sailfin waspfish, whiteface waspfish or whiteface roguefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a waspfish belonging to the subfamily Tetraroginae, which is classified as part of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is found in the central Indo-West Pacific. It is the type species of the genus Paracentropogon.

Tetraroginae
Tetraroginae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, commonly known as waspfishes or sailback scorpionfishes, belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are native to the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. As their name suggests, waspfishes are often venomous; having poison glands on their spines. They are bottom-dwelling fish, living at depths to 300 metres (980 ft). These creatures usually live in hiding places on the sea bottom.
Persipasi Bekasi
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Patriot Bekasi (simply known as Persipasi) was an Indonesian football club based in Bekasi, West Java. The club played in Liga 3. The team plays at Patriot Stadium in downtown Bekasi.

Patriot Stadium (Indonesia)
Patriot Candrabhaga Stadium (Indonesian: Stadion Patriot Candrabhaga) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia.  It is currently used mostly for association football matches. The stadium holds 30,000 people.
William Sinclair-Burgess
Major General Sir William Livingston Hatchwell Sinclair-Burgess, KBE, CB, CMG, DSO (18 February 1880 – 3 April 1964) was a senior officer in the New Zealand Military Forces.

Born in England, his family moved to New Zealand in the 1890s. He became a professional soldier in the New Zealand Military Forces in 1911. In Australia on an exchange with the Australian Army when the First World War broke out, he was attached to the Australian Imperial Force. He served in the Gallipoli campaign and on the Western Front in a series of artillery commands. During the war, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, mentioned in despatches six times and was one of only 14 personnel of the New Zealand Military Forces to receive the French Legion of Honour. Returning to New Zealand after the war, he later served as Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces from 1931 until his retirement in 1937. He died in 1964 at the age of 84.

Chief of Army (New Zealand)
Chief of Army (CA) is the effective commander of the New Zealand Army, responsible to the Chief of Defence Force (CDF) for raising, training and sustaining those forces necessary to meet agreed government outputs. The CA acts as principal advisor to the CDF on Army matters, though for operations the Army's combat units fall under the command of the Land Component Commander, Joint Forces New Zealand. The rank associated with the position is major general, and CAs are generally appointed on a three-year term.

The position was originally formed as Commandant and General Officer Commanding the New Zealand Military Forces in 1910, changing to Chief of the General Staff in 1937 and, finally, CA in 2002. Major General Rose King, the current CA, has been in the post since 27 August 2024. King is the first woman to serve in the role.
St. Thomas College, Thrissur
St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, is a government-aided Catholic college located in Thrissur, Kerala, India. Established as a college in 1918, the college is considered to be one of the oldest and premier instituitions of higher education in Princely State of Cochin. It is the first Catholic college in Kerala and is conducted by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur. The college is affiliated with the University of Calicut.

The college attained Autonomous status in 2014 and was recognised as College with Potential for Excellence by University Grants Commission in 2016. The college was accredited with A++ grade in its fourth cycle of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accreditation, scoring CGPA of 3.70 on a four-point scale in October 2022. It is ranked 57th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.

National Assessment and Accreditation Council
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a public autonomous body of the government of India that assesses and accredits higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. It is funded by the University Grants Commission and headquartered in Bengaluru.
Trần Đình Khương
Trần Đình Khương (born 10 January 1996) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder or a centre back for V.League 1 club Becamex Bình Dương and the Vietnam national team.

Becamex Ho Chi Minh City FC
Becamex Ho Chi Minh City Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Becamex Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), simply known as Becamex HCMC, and formerly known as Sông Bé and Becamex Bình Dương, is a professional football club based in Thủ Dầu Một ward, Ho Chi Minh City. It currently plays in Vietnam's top division, the V.League 1. Their home ground is Gò Đậu Stadium.
O with macron (Cyrillic)
O with macron (О̄ о̄; italics: О̄ о̄) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In all its forms it looks exactly like the Latin letter O with macron (Ō ō Ō ō).

O with macron are used in the Evenki, Mansi, Nanai, Negidal, Orok, Ulch, Kildin Sami, Selkup, and Chechen languages.

O with macron also appears in the Rusyn language in Ukraine, representing a close allophone of /o/. However, this letter primarily features in materials for beginning readers; the same sound is otherwise represented with the Cyrillic letter O.

O
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is o (pronounced /ˈoʊ/ ⓘ), plural oes.
China Railways PL3
The China Railways PL3 (プレニ3, Pureni, "pure") class steam locomotive was a class of 2-6-2T "Prairie" type steam locomotives for freight trains operated by the China Railway and the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) in Korea. The "Pure" name came from the American naming system for steam locomotives, under which locomotives with 2-6-2 wheel arrangement were called "Prairie".

In all, Sentetsu owned 227 locomotives of all Pure classes, whilst privately owned railways owned another 52; of these 279 locomotives, 169 went to the Korean National Railroad in South Korea and 110 to the Korean State Railway in North Korea.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Barnacullia quarries
The Barnacullia quarries are a number of former, and current, granite quarries in the townland of Barnacullia on the north-eastern slopes of Three Rock Mountain in County Dublin, Ireland. According to a Historic Landscape Character Assessment (HLCA) conducted in 2006, the area was at one point "an important source of granite for the buildings of nearby Dublin".

The main quarry at Barnacullia is sometimes referred to as Murphystone quarry, after the name of a company who used/uses it, or Blue Light quarry after the name of a well-known nearby pub. Other quarries onsite include Black Quarry, where UPC Communications Ireland Ltd erected a stayed telecommunications mast.

Historic landscape characterisation
Historic landscape characterisation is a programme initiated by English Heritage to increase understanding of the wider designed landscape, beyond that of the planned parkland of the country estate. Similar programmes operate in Scotland, Wales and the Republic of Ireland, although different terminology is used. In Catalonia, since 2010, there is the PaHisCat program.
Ehsaas (1972 film)
Ehsaas is a 1972 Pakistani Urdu film directed by Nazar-ul-Islam. The lead cast included Nadeem, Shabnam, Qavi, Lehri, and  Rangeela. The film won 3 Nigar Awards in the best actor, director, and screenwriter categories.

Rangeela (actor)
Mohammad Saeed Khan (1 January 1937 – 24 May 2005), better known by his stage name Rangeela, was a Pakistani actor, comedian, director and producer.

He was also a professional bodybuilder, a billboard painter, a writer (both a screenwriter and a lyricist), a film distributor, a singer and a music composer.

He is regarded as one of the finest comedians of the Pakistani film industry.

Beginning in 1956 with the Punjabi film Chann Mahi, he eventually performed in over 550 films in a career spanning over 4 decades.
San Miniato al Monte
San Miniato al Monte ("St. Minias on the Mountain") is a basilica in Florence, central Italy, standing atop one of the highest points in the city. It has been described as one of the finest Romanesque structures in Tuscany and one of the most scenic churches in Italy. There is an adjoining Olivetan monastery, seen to the right of the basilica when ascending the stairs.

Olivetans
The Olivetans, formally known as the Order of Our Lady of Mount Olivet, are a monastic order. They were founded in 1313 and recognised in 1344. They use the Rule of Saint Benedict and are a member of the Benedictine Confederation, where they are also known as the Olivetan Congregation, but are distinguished from the Benedictines in their white habit and centralized organisation. They use the post-nominals 'OSB Oliv'.
486th Fighter Aviation Regiment
The 486th Fighter Aviation Regiment was a fighter regiment (IAP) of the Soviet Air Force. It was formed in 1938 as the 12th Fighter Aviation Regiment and disbanded in 1960. The regiment was awarded the Order of Suvorov 3rd class and the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky. It fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, Crimean Campaign, Battle of Kursk, Operation Bagration and the Vienna Offensive. Regimental personnel included flying aces and Heroes of the Soviet Union Pavel Terentyevich Korobkov, Dmitry Alexandrovich Medvedev, Nikolay Mikhailovich Gusarov and Andrei Girich. Throughout its career, the regiment operated the Polikarpov I-15, Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3, Lavochkin La-7, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17, among other aircraft.

Polikarpov I-15
The Polikarpov I-15 (Russian: И-15) is a Soviet biplane fighter aircraft of the 1930s. Nicknamed Chaika (Russian: Чайка, "gull") because of its gulled upper wings, it was operated in large numbers by the Soviet Air Force, and together with the Polikarpov I-16 monoplane, was one of the standard fighters of the Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, where it was called Chato (snub-nose).
Alize Lily Mounter
Alize Lily Mounter (born 29 September 1988) is a Welsh model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss England in 2011. She represented England at the 61st Miss World in London, where she made the Top 7 and was ranked 4th place overall. She received the titles of Miss World Europe, Miss United Kingdom and Miss World Beach Beauty.  Later she represented the United Kingdom at Miss International on 21 October 2012 in Okinawa, Japan.

Miss World 2011
Miss World 2011 was the 61st edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Earls Court Two in London, United Kingdom, on 6 November 2011.

Alexandria Mills of the United States crowned Ivian Sarcos of Venezuela as her successor at the end of the event. She is the sixth Venezuelan to win Miss World - currently tied with India for the most wins in the competition's history.
Jonathan Gannon
Jonathan James Gannon (born January 4, 1983) is an American professional football coach who is the defensive coordinator for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the head coach of the Arizona Cardinals from 2023 to 2025.

Gannon played college football at Louisville. He came to prominence as the defensive coordinator of the Philadelphia Eagles, helping the team reach Super Bowl LVII. He previously served as an assistant coach for the Atlanta Falcons, Tennessee Titans, Minnesota Vikings, and Indianapolis Colts.

Louisville Cardinals football
The Louisville Cardinals football team represents the University of Louisville in the sport of American football. The Cardinals compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Shashank Manohar
Shashank Venkatesh Manohar (/ʃəˈʃɑːŋk məˈnoʊhər/; born 29 September 1957) is an  Indian lawyer and cricket administrator. He twice served as the president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, from 2008 to 2011, and again from November 2015 to May 2016. He served as the chairman of the International Cricket Council from November 2015 to March 2017. On 24 March 2017, a resolution was passed to reinstate him as the chairman until a successor was elected.

N. Srinivasan
Narayanaswami Srinivasan (born 3 January 1945) is an Indian industrialist and former cricket administrator. He was the Chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the President of the BCCI, the governing body for cricket in India. He is also the owner and managing director of the firm India Cements, and is the owner of Indian Premier League (IPL) team Chennai Super Kings.

Srinivasan was investigated regarding several scams, including betting on IPL cricket matches; his son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan has been indicted for passing IPL information to bookies. He was also investigated for corruption involving politician Jagan Mohan Reddy. In March 2014, the Supreme Court of India ordered him to quit as BCCI president to facilitate investigations into the IPL betting scam.

On 26 June 2016, he was re-elected president of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association, during their 86th annual general meeting in Chennai. He was elected unopposed.
Project Sabre II
Project Sabre II was the Pakistan Air Force's program to develop a feasible and low-cost multirole combat jet based on an existing design—the Chengdu F-7 Skybolt, a Chinese variant of the MiG–21. The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) initiated Project Sabre II in 1987, hiring the American aerospace firm Grumman, to provide crucial expertise to refine the baseline aircraft design along with specialists from the PAF and the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).

After studying the Sabre II concept with Grumman, the PAF terminated the program as unfeasible on economic grounds. Grumman withdrew from the project after sanctions were imposed by the United States on China after Beijing's suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. An embargo on military aid to Pakistan imposed by the United States further hampered the Sabre II development effort in the 1990s.
 In 1995, Pakistan and China began a collaboration which led to the successful JF-17 Thunder program.

Grumman
The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a 20th century American producer of military and civilian aircraft. Founded on December 6, 1929, by Leroy Grumman and his business partners, it merged in 1994 with Northrop Corporation to form Northrop Grumman.
Tentacle
In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are sensory organs, variously receptive to touch, vision, or to the smell or taste of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the eyestalks of various kinds of snails. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions.

A tentacle is similar to a cirrus, but a cirrus is an organ that usually lacks the tentacle's strength, size, flexibility, or sensitivity.  A nautilus has cirri, but a squid has tentacles.

Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a nerve fiber if the chemoreceptor is a specialized cell, such as taste receptors, or an internal peripheral chemoreceptor, such as the carotid bodies. In physiology, a chemoreceptor detects changes in the normal environment, such as an increase in blood levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) or a decrease in blood levels of oxygen (hypoxia), and transmits that information to the central nervous system which engages body responses to restore homeostasis.

In bacteria, chemoreceptors are essential in the mediation of chemotaxis.
United States v. Ramsey (1977)
United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the search of letters or envelopes from foreign countries falls under the border exception to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.

Border search exception
In United States criminal law, the border search exception is a doctrine that allows searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalent without a warrant or probable cause. Generally speaking, searches within 100 miles (160 km) of the border are more permissible without a warrant than those conducted elsewhere in the United States. The doctrine also allows federal agents to search people at border crossings without a warrant or probable cause. The government is allowed to use scanning devices and to search personal electronics. Invasive bodily searches, however, require reasonable suspicion.