hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pluck (story paper)
Pluck was a British boys' story paper published by the Amalgamated Press in the late 19th and early 20th century. Although it never reached the same level of popularity as the Halfpenny Marvel or the Union Jack, it holds historical significance for introducing the fictional school of St. Jim's, the setting for the famous "Tom Merry" stories. Its halfpenny series ran for 518 issues from 24 November 1894 to 29 October 1904.  Its penny edition ran for 594 issues from 5 November 1904 to 18 March 1916.

Halfpenny Marvel
The Marvel, originally known as the Halfpenny Marvel, was the first British boys' story paper launched by Alfred Harmsworth, the founder of the Amalgamated Press. The publication was conceived with the intention of countering the influence of "penny dreadfuls"—sensational and often violent literature for young readers. Its aim was to produce "pure, healthy literature" at a cheaper price, and the slogan "Started to Suppress Bad Books for Boys" appeared on its cover for many years, underscoring its mission.

The Halfpenny Marvel made its debut on 15 November 1893 and sold for a halfpenny until 23 January 1904, a run of 533 issues. The price was raised to a penny on 30 January 1904 and ran until 22 April 1922, a run of 952 issues.
Gaius Papirius (pontifex maximus)
Gaius Papirius was pontifex maximus in 509 BC, the first year of the Roman Republic.  He copied the religious ordinances established by Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome, which his grandson, Ancus Marcius, had carved on oaken tablets, and placed in the Forum.

According to Pomponius, a Sextus or Publius Papirius had collected all of the leges regiae, the laws established by the kings, in the time of the Tarquins.  This collection came to be known as the Ius Papirianum or Ius Civile Papirianum. Münzer postulated that this collection was the same as that recorded by Gaius Papirius, the Pontifex Maximus, who would then be identified with the Sextus or Publius Papirius referred to by Pomponius.

King of Rome
The king of Rome (Latin: Rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom, a legendary period of Roman history that functioned as an elective monarchy. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown. These kings ruled for an average of 35 years.

The kings after Romulus were not known to be dynasts and no reference is made to the hereditary principle until after the fifth king Tarquinius Priscus. Consequently, some have assumed that the Tarquins' attempt to institute a hereditary monarchy over this conjectured earlier elective monarchy resulted in the formation of the Republic.
2016 Australian Formula 3 Premier Series
The 2016 Australian Formula 3 Premier Series is an Australian motor racing competition for cars constructed in accordance with FIA Formula 3 regulations. It is sanctioned by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) as an Authorised Series, with Formula 3 Management Pty Ltd appointed as the Category Manager. The series began on 2 April at Sandown Raceway and will end on 13 November at Sydney Motorsport Park after seven triple-header rounds across three states. This was the first Australian Formula 3 Premier Series to be contested, with the Australian Formula 3 Championship having been discontinued at the end of 2015.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
Jason Demetriou (rugby league)
Jason Demetriou (/ˈdəmiːtrɪoʊ/) (born 13 January 1976) is an Australian professional rugby league coach who is the head coach of the London Broncos in the Betfred Championship and Papua New Guinea at international level.

He is a former head coach of the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL and a former professional rugby league footballer.

Predominantly a centre, Demetriou spent all of his 13-year playing career in England, playing for six clubs and for Canada internationally. He has previously held head coaching jobs at the Keighley Cougars, Northern Pride and Illawarra Cutters and has been an assistant coach for the St George Illawarra Dragons, Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys, where he was on the coaching staff that won the 2015 NRL Grand Final.

2015 NRL Grand Final
The 2015 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2015 NRL season and was played on Sunday 4 October at Sydney's ANZ Stadium between the Brisbane Broncos and North Queensland Cowboys. North Queensland won the match 17–16 in golden point extra time, claiming their first premiership title in their twentieth year of competition. Due to its dramatic ending, the match has been regarded as one of the greatest grand finals in rugby league history, drawing comparisons with the 1989 NSWRL Grand Final and the 1997 ARL Grand Final. Cowboys co-captain Johnathan Thurston, who kicked the winning field goal for his team, was awarded the Clive Churchill Medal as the best player on the ground. Pre-match entertainment was headlined by Australian rock band Cold Chisel.
Riley Kugel
Riley Estelle Kugel (born November 30, 2003) is an American college basketball player for the UCF Knights men’s basketball team of the Big 12 Conference (B12). He previously played for the Florida Gators and the Mississippi State Bulldogs

Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball
The Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball program represents Mississippi State University near Starkville, Mississippi in NCAA Division I men's basketball. The Bulldogs play in the Southeastern Conference. Mississippi State has qualified for the NCAA tournament 13 times and most recently in 2024. The Bulldogs best finish in the NCAA tournament came in 1996 when they advanced to the Final Four. On March 20, 2022, Mississippi State named former New Mexico State head coach Chris Jans as its 21st head basketball coach.
Knowledge Economic Index
The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) was designed as a tool for benchmarking a country's position in relation to others in the global knowledge economy. It was created by the World Bank Institute using the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). The World Bank discontinued the index after 2012 and it was replaced by The Global Knowledge Index (GKI) from Knowledge4All, a joint initiative between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation (MBRF). Criteria listed in a European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) document on the KEI published in 2019 include institutional & legal frameworks (as a basis for patents etc.), number of technical graduates, research spending, number of patents, some measure of collaboration, and amount of venture capital. In total, 38 contributing indicators are described in the ERBD index methodology.

World Bank Institute
The World Bank Institute is the capacity building branch of the World Bank. It provides learning programs, policy advice and technical assistance to policy makers, government and non-government agencies, and development practitioners of developing countries. Capacity for Development is defined by the WBI as "the ability of individuals, institutions, and whole societies to solve problems, make informed choices, order their priorities and plan their futures, as well as implement programs and projects, and sustain them over time"
540 kick
The 540 kick is a jump kick move that is used in martial arts and tricking. It involves a rotation of approximately 540 degrees (although when performed correctly the performer has only done a spin of 360 degrees – not including whatever takeoff used).

Kick
A kick is a physical strike using the leg, in unison usually with an area of the knee or lower using the foot, heel, tibia (shin), ball of the foot, blade of the foot, toes or knee (the latter is also known as a knee strike). This type of attack is used frequently by hooved animals as well as humans in the context of stand-up fighting. Kicks play a significant role in many forms of martial arts, such as capoeira, kalaripayattu, karate, kickboxing, kung fu, wing chun, MMA, Muay Thai, pankration, pradal serey, savate, sikaran, silat, taekwondo, vovinam, and Yaw-Yan. Kicks are a universal act of aggression among humans.

Kicking is also prominent from its use in many sports, especially those called football. The best known of these sports is association football, also known as soccer.
Barbara Darling
Barbara Brinsley Darling (17 October 1947 – 15 February 2015) was an Australian Anglican bishop. She was among the first women to be an ordained deacon in the Anglican Church of Australia.

Darling was born in Burwood, Sydney, one of three children of Geoff and Honor Darling. In 1975 she began studying theology at Ridley College, Melbourne.

Darling was ordained as deacon on 9 February 1986 and as a priest on 13 December 1992. She was consecrated to the episcopate at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, on 31 May 2008. She became the first woman to be a bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne. She was the Bishop for Diocesan Ministries until 2009 when she became the Bishop of the Eastern Region.

Darling died on 15 February 2015 following a stroke. Her funeral was held at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne, on 22 February 2015.

St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne
St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in Melbourne, Australia.  It is the cathedral church of the Diocese of Melbourne and the seat of the Archbishop of Melbourne, who is also the metropolitan archbishop of the Province of Victoria.

The cathedral was designed by the English Gothic Revival architect William Butterfield and completed in 1891, except for the spires which were built to a different design from 1926 to 1932. It is one of Melbourne's major architectural landmarks.
Uhlerstown–Frenchtown Bridge
The Uhlerstown–Frenchtown Bridge is a free bridge over the Delaware River, owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. The bridge connects New Jersey Route 12 in Frenchtown of Hunterdon County, New Jersey with Pennsylvania Route 32 in Uhlerstown of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. The existing bridge has a roadway width of 16.5 feet (5.0 m). A pedestrian walkway is supported on steel cantilever brackets. The bridge maintains a 15-mile-per-hour (24 km/h) speed limit.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 19, 1994 as part of the Frenchtown Historic District.

Cantilever
A cantilever is a structural element that is firmly attached to a fixed structure at one end and is unsupported at the other end. Sometimes it projects from a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab.

When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment.

Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without external support.
Bryan Magee
Bryan Edgar Magee (/məˈɡiː/; 12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019) was a British philosopher, broadcaster, politician, and author, known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience.

Magee influenced popular culture with his efforts to make philosophy accessible to the layman, especially as a broadcaster on the BBC, interviewing a number of leading philosophers. In parallel, he was interested in politics and was elected as a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the Leyton parliament constituency in the February 1974 UK general election. He also wrote books, including The Philosophy of Schopenhauer, first published in 1983, and revised in 1997. His interests included the life, thought, and works of the composer Richard Wagner.

Leyton (UK Parliament constituency)
Leyton was a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, centred on the town of Leyton in North-East London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post system.
Rock Spring, Georgia
Rock Spring is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in northwest Georgia, United States, approximately 14 miles (23 km) south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is in Walker County which resides in Georgia's 14th congressional district. Rock Spring is included in the Chattanooga, TN-GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The 2020 Census listed a population of 891.

Northwest Georgia
Northwest Georgia is a region of the state of Georgia in the United States. It includes 12 counties (listed in the section below), which at the 2010 census had a combined population of 753,032. Northwest Georgia includes some of the southernmost portions of the Appalachian Mountains, as opposed to Northeast Georgia, which holds the southernmost Blue Ridge, known locally as the North Georgia Mountains.

Bartow, Floyd, Haralson, Paulding, and Polk Counties are located on the outer northern fringe of the Atlanta metropolitan area, while the other counties are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area. Much of the region is included in Georgia's 14th congressional district and is represented by Marjorie Taylor Greene.
Alexander Zatonski
Flying Officer Alexander Roman Zatonski (1 November 1915 – MIA 6 December 1941) was an American pilot who flew with the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain in World War II. He was one of 11 American pilots who flew with RAF Fighter Command between 10 July and 31 October 1940, thereby qualifying for the Battle of Britain clasp to the 1939–45 campaign star. He was posted as missing on 6 December 1941 in north Africa.

Missing in action
Missing in action (MIA) is a casualty classification assigned to combatants, military chaplains, combat medics, and prisoners of war who are reported missing during wartime or ceasefire. They may have been killed, wounded, captured, executed, or deserted. If deceased, neither their remains nor their grave have been positively identified. Becoming MIA has been an occupational risk for as long as there has been warfare.
157th Infantry Brigade (United States)
The 157th Infantry Brigade is an active/reserve component (AC/RC) unit based at Camp Atterbury, Indiana. The unit is responsible for training selected United States Army Reserve and National Guard units. The unit was activated using the assets of the 5th Brigade, 87th Division. The brigade is a subordinate unit of First Army Division East.

87th Infantry Division (United States)
The 87th Infantry Division ("Golden Acorn") was a unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II. After World War II, the 87th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop became the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team, which made the only combat jump in Vietnam and in Iraq. As of 22 September 2021, the rest of the division now exists as a training formation as part of the 84th Training Command as the 87th Training Division.
Leon Trionfante-class ship of the line
The Leon Trionfante class were a class of at least fourteen 70-gun third-rate ships of the line built by the Venetian Arsenale from 1716 to 1785, in four different series with minor changes in the ships' length. In 1797, when Venice fell to the French, Napoleon captured several ships of the class, still unfinished in the Arsenal: he chose one of them, forced the shipbuilders to have it completed and added it to his fleet en route for Egypt. After Campoformio, the remaining vessels were destroyed by the French to avoid their capture by the Austrian Empire.

Venetian Arsenal
The Venetian Arsenal (Italian: Arsenale di Venezia) is a complex of former shipyards and armories clustered together in the city of Venice in northern Italy. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the Venetian Republic's naval power from the Late Middle Ages to the early modern period. It was "one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history".
Waihi
Waihi is a town in Hauraki District in the North Island of New Zealand, especially notable for its history as a gold mine town.

The town is at the foot of the Coromandel Peninsula, close to the western end of the Bay of Plenty. The nearby resort town of Waihi Beach, ten kilometres to the east, is often regarded as the westernmost point of the Bay of Plenty region. To the west are the hills of the Kaimai Ranges. Road access from this direction is through the winding Karangahake Gorge road. Waihi has a warm and temperate climate but unusually high rainfall for New Zealand's east coast with an average annual rainfall of 2147 mm.

Coromandel Peninsula
36°50′S 175°35′E﻿ / ﻿36.833°S 175.583°E﻿ / -36.833; 175.583

The Coromandel Peninsula (Māori: Te Tara-o-te-Ika-a-Māui) on the North Island of New Zealand extends 85 kilometres (53 mi) north from the western end of the Bay of Plenty, forming a natural barrier protecting the Hauraki Gulf and the Firth of Thames in the west from the Pacific Ocean to the east. It is 40 kilometres (25 mi) wide at its broadest point. Almost its entire population lives on the narrow coastal strips fronting the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty. In clear weather the peninsula is clearly visible from Auckland, the country's biggest city, which lies on the far shore of the Hauraki Gulf, 55 kilometres (34 mi) to the west. The peninsula is part of the Thames-Coromandel District and the Waikato Region.
Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz
Amira Aisya binti Abdul Aziz (Jawi: اميرا عائشة بنت عبدالعزيز; born 14 February 1995) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Puteri Wangsa since March 2022. She is a co-founder and member of the Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA). She has also served as the Acting President of MUDA since the resignation of Syed Saddiq in November 2023 and the 1st Deputy President of MUDA since July 2022. She served as the 2nd Secretary-General of MUDA from August 2021 to July 2022. In addition, she is presently the youngest MLA of Johor, the first female Puteri Wangsa MLA and the only MLA from her party.

Puteri Wangsa
Puteri Wangsa is a state constituency in Johor, Malaysia, that is represented in the Johor State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 2004 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Johor State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.
Puru (Hinduism)
Puru (Sanskrit: पूरु, romanized: Pūru) is a legendary king in Hinduism. He is the youngest son of King Yayati and Sharmishtha, and one of ancestors of the Pandavas and the Kauravas. King Puru marries Kausalya, and is succeeded by his son, Janamejeya.

Kaurava
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term referring to descendant of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic Mahabharata. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari. Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and Chitrasena are the most popular among the brothers. They also had a sister named  Dussala and a half-brother named Yuyutsu.
Results of the 1917 Victorian state election (Legislative Assembly)
This is a list of electoral district results for the 1917 Victorian state election.

While the Nationalist party was split into the Ministerialist Peacock and Economy Bowser factions, statistical records show the Nationalist vote combined. The affiliation of each Nationalist candidate is present on the Candidates page.

Election was conducted in 65 single-member districts using First past the post where only two candidates were in the running and instant-runoff voting where more than two candidates were in the running.

Candidates of the 1917 Victorian state election
The 1917 Victorian state election was held on 15 November 1917.

Since the previous election, the Liberal Party had absorbed pro-conscription Labor defectors and become the Nationalist Party. However, the Nationalists contested this election as three competing factions: Ministerialists, the supporters of Alexander Peacock's government; the "Economy Party", supporters of John Bowser; and the National Labor Party, for those ex-Labor members now supporting the anti-Labor side of politics.
Chettiar
Chettiar (also spelt as Chetti and  Chetty) is a title used by many trading, weaving, agricultural and land-owning castes in South India, especially in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.

Vellalar
Vellalar is a group of castes in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and northeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The Vellalar are members of several endogamous castes such as the numerically strong Arunattu Vellalar, Chozhia Vellalar, Karkarthar Vellalar, Kongu Vellalar, Thuluva Vellalar and Sri Lankan Vellalar.
Susan Roshan
Susan Roshan (Persian: سوزان روشن, born 23 September 1967) is an Iranian singer, who currently lives in California, United States. After the Iranian Revolution, she moved to the United States with her parents and brother at twelve.

Siavash Shams
Siavash Shams (Persian: سیاوش شمس) (also known as Siavash Sahneh (Persian: سیاوش صحنه) due to his hit song Sahneh) (born 17 January 1963) is an Iranian singer, songwriter, record producer. He rose to fame in the late 80s after his songs Sahneh ("Stage") and Dokhtar Irooni ("Iranian Girl") became successful hits.  He continued with albums Pedar ("Father") and Faryad (Scream) . His songs "Yavash Yavash", "Dooset Nadaram", "Chikeh Chikeh", "Beraghs", "Dokhtar Choopoon", "Havar Havar", "Male Mani", "Nagoo Kieh", and "Sahneh" were the biggest hits.
Diocese of Ratzeburg
The Diocese of Ratzeburg (German: Bistum Ratzeburg, Latin: Dioecesis Ratzeburgensis) is a former diocese of the Catholic Church. It was erected from the Diocese of Oldenburg c. 1050 and was suppressed in 1554. The diocese was originally a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Hamburg; in 1072 it became a suffragan of the merged entity — the "Archdiocese of Hamburg and the Diocese of Bremen". The territory of the diocese was located in what is today the states of Schleswig-Holstein (the district of Herzogtum Lauenburg) and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (the district of Nordwestmecklenburg) in Germany. The cathedral church of the diocese — dedicated to Ss. Mary and John — is still extant in the city of Ratzeburg. Following its suppression as part of the Protestant Reformation, the remaining Catholic adherents were only represented by the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany. The whole territory of the diocese is today included in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg.

District of Duchy of Lauenburg
Duchy of Lauenburg (German: Herzogtum Lauenburg [ˈhɛʁtsoːktuːm ˈlaʊənbʊʁk] ⓘ) is the southernmost Kreis, or district, officially called District of Duchy of Lauenburg (German: Kreis Herzogtum Lauenburg), of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bordered by (from the west and clockwise) the district of Stormarn, the city of Lübeck, the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (districts of Nordwestmecklenburg and Ludwigslust-Parchim), the state of Lower Saxony (districts of Lüneburg and Harburg), and the city state of Hamburg. The district of Herzogtum Lauenburg is named after the former Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg.