hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
Inwood Laboratories Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc., 456 U.S. 844 (1982), is a United States Supreme Court case, in which the Court confirmed the application of and set out a test for contributory trademark liability under § 32 of the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. § 1114).

Lanham Act
The Lanham (Trademark) Act (Pub. L. 79–489, 60 Stat. 427, enacted July 5, 1946, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1051 et seq. (15 U.S.C. ch. 22) is the primary federal statute governing trademark law in the United States.

The Lanham Act establishes a national system of trademark registration and grants owners of federally registered trademarks the right to pursue civil remedies for trademark infringement, trademark dilution, cybersquatting, and false advertising.
Black Crow Limestone
The Black Crow Limestone is an Early Eocene (Late Ypresian to Early Lutetian) geologic formation in the Sperrgebiet, ǁKaras Region of southwestern Namibia. The limestones of the approximately 10 metres (33 ft) thin formation were deposited in a lacustrine to paludal environment. The formation provides many fossil mammals and amphibians, reptiles, fresh water snails and fish.

Tsau ǁKhaeb Sperrgebiet National Park
26°40′30″S 15°05′24″E﻿ / ﻿26.675°S 15.090°E﻿ / -26.675; 15.090

The Tsau ǁKhaeb (Sperrgebiet) National Park or just Sperrgebiet National Park, formerly known as Sperrgebiet (German, meaning "Prohibited Area"; also known as Diamond Area 1), is a diamond mining area in southwestern Namibia, in the Namib Desert. It spans the Atlantic Ocean-facing coast from Oranjemund on the border with South Africa, to around 72 kilometres (45 mi) north of Lüderitz, a distance of 320 km (200 mi) north. It extends to around 100 km (62 mi) inland, and its total area of 26,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi) makes up three percent of Namibia's land mass. However, mining only takes place in five percent of the Sperrgebiet, with most of the area acting as a buffer zone. Members of the public are banned from entering most of the area, despite the creation of a national park there in 2004.
Kathy Rose O'Brien
Kathy Rose O'Brien is an actress from Dublin, Ireland, who has appeared in the Irish television drama Whistleblower, which dealt with the controversial events at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda relating to obstetrician/gynecologist Michael Neary, and in theatre productions including Leaves, The Burial at Thebes, The Birthday Party, The Fall of Herodias Hattigan and The Plough and the Stars. She holds a BA (Hons) in Drama and Theatre Studies from The Samuel Beckett Centre, Trinity College Dublin and graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 2006.

Whistleblower (Irish TV series)
Whistleblower is a two-part Irish television IFTA-winning fact-based drama, broadcast on RTÉ One for two consecutive nights in 2008, which focuses on the Michael Neary scandal that first erupted in the 1990s. Neary, a retired Irish consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, gained notoriety when it was discovered that he had performed what was considered an inordinate number of caesarian hysterectomies during his time at Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Drogheda, County Louth.

Whistleblower follows the obstacles encountered by a midwife Louise (Emma Stansfield) as she blows the whistle on Neary (Stanley Townsend)'s irregular obstetric practices. The series was written by Rob Heyland, directed by Dermot Boyd, produced by Siobhán Bourke and Peter Norris and researched by Sheila Ahern. The first episode, broadcast at 21:30 on 31 August 2008, drew in a third of the available audience across all platforms.
Rajjo (TV series)
Rajjo is an Indian Hindi-language television drama series that premiered on 22 August 2022 on StarPlus and digitally streams on Disney+ Hotstar. The show is produced by Bits N Bots Media and stars Celesti Bairagey, Rajveer Singh and Gungun Uprari in the titular roles. It is an official Hindi remake of Star Jalsha’s Aalta Phoring. It was replaced by Teri Meri Doriyaann in its timeslot.

Gungun Uprari
Gungun Uprari (born 9 December 1980) is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi TV shows. Gungun Uprari is known for her roles in serials like Bandhan Saat Janamon Ka, Rakt Sambandh, Haar Jeet,Buddha and Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar.
Sam Galbraith
Samuel Laird Galbraith (18 October 1945 – 18 August 2014) was a Scottish politician and neurosurgeon who served as Minister for Environment, Sport and Culture from 2000 to 2001 and Minister for Children and Education from 1999 to 2000. Galbraith was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Strathkelvin and Bearsden from 1999 to 2001, and a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons for the equivalent seat from 1987 to 2001.

The Labour/Liberal Democrat coalition faced demands from Scottish National Party (SNP) politicians, including future First Minister Nicola Sturgeon, for Galbraith to resign after the SQA examinations controversy in 2000. As a result of this, he was the first Minister to face a motion of no confidence in the Scottish Parliament.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
2023 A-League Men finals series
The 2023 A-League Men finals series was the 18th annual edition of A-League finals series, the playoffs tournament staged to determine the champion of the 2022–23 A-League Men season. The series was played over four weeks culminating in the 2023 A-League Men Grand Final, where the Central Coast Mariners won their second championship 6–1 against premiers Melbourne City.

It featured the first A-League Men Grand Final played at a fixed location (outside the 2020 Grand Final), which was played at CommBank Stadium in Parramatta, based on an Australian Professional Leagues decision in December 2022 for the 2023, 2024 and 2025 A-Leagues Grand Finals to be played in Sydney in a deal with Destination NSW, which met fan backlash and soonly scrapped in October 2023.

2023 A-League Men Grand Final
The 2023 A-League Men Grand Final was the 18th A-League Men Grand Final, the championship-deciding match of the Australian A-League Men, and the culmination of the 2022–23 season. The match was played on 3 June 2023 at CommBank Stadium in Parramatta between Melbourne City and Central Coast Mariners.
Highland Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania
Highland Township is a township in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States, which was created in 1863 from parts of Hamiltonban, Cumberland, and Franklin townships.

The population was 997 at the time of the 2020 census.

Hamiltonban Township, Pennsylvania
Hamiltonban Township is a township in Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,296 at the 2020 census.

The township is named after Hamiltonsbawn in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.
Chuck Johnson (American football)
Charles Ray Johnson Jr. (born May 22, 1969) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for one season with the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Longhorns and was selected by the Broncos in the fourth round of the 1992 NFL draft.

1992 NFL draft
The 1992 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 26–27, 1992, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The 1992 draft was notable because for the first time since 1958 one team, the Indianapolis Colts, held the first two overall picks, selecting defensive end Steve Emtman and then linebacker Quentin Coryatt. Neither made a major impact in the league, and the 1992 draft in retrospect is considered one of the worst in league history. It is the third draft following 1984 and 1943 to produce no Pro Football Hall of Famers. It was also the final NFL draft featuring twelve rounds of selections; the league would reduce the rounds to eight the following season, and then seven the year after that, where it has remained since.
Bhairava
Bhairava (Sanskrit: भैरव, lit. 'frightful'), or Kāla Bhairava, is a Shaivite and Vajrayāna deity worshipped by Hindus and Buddhists. In Shaivism, he is a powerful manifestation, or avatar, of Shiva. In the tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, Bhairava represents the Supreme Reality, synonymous to Para Brahman. Generally in Hinduism, Bhairava is also called Daṇḍapāni ("[he who holds the] danda in [his] hand"), as he holds a rod or danda to punish sinners, and Śvāśva, meaning, "he whose vehicle is a dog". In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is considered a fierce emanation of boddhisatva Mañjuśrī, and also called Heruka, Vajrabhairava, Mahākāla and Yamantaka.

Bhairava is worshipped throughout India, Nepal, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Japan, as well as in Tibetan Buddhism.

Jyotirlinga
A Jyotirlinga (transl. lingam of light) or Jyotirlingam is a devotional representation of the Hindu god Shiva. The word is a Sanskrit compound of jyotis ('radiance') and linga ('sign'). The Śiva Mahāpurāṇam (also Shiva Purana) mentions 64 original jyotirlinga shrines in India.
Handri-Neeva
Handri-Neeva Sujala Sravanthi project is the longest water canal project in the region of Rayalaseema, Andhra Pradesh, India. The project was conceived to provide a reliable irrigation and drinking water supply for the region through drawing flood waters from the Srisailam reservoir.

The first phase of the canal begins at Malyala and irrigates six lakh acres in four districts of Rayalaseema, while the second phase provides irrigation facilities and drinking water for Chittoor district. This canal links the Handri, Penna, Chitravathi, Papagni, Mandavya, Bahuda, Cheyyeru, Gargeya, Vedavati, Palar and several smaller rivers in the Rayalaseema region. The canal is located in the Kurnool, Ananthapur, Kadapa, and Chittoor districts. The canal feeds several reservoirs and water tanks in the region. More than 50 Tmcft of water is required to meet the region's drinking and irrigation water requirements.

Chittoor district
Chittoor district (pronunciationⓘ) is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It had a population of 18,72,951 at the 2011 census of India. It is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. The district headquarters is at Chittoor City. The major cities/towns in the district are Chittoor, Nagari, Palamaner, and Kuppam.
Perseverance of the saints
Perseverance of the saints, sometimes called preservation of the saints, is a Calvinist doctrine that asserts that the elect will persevere in faith and ultimately attain salvation. This concept was first developed by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century, based on the idea of predestination by predeterminism. In the 16th century, John Calvin and other reformers incorporated this idea into their theological framework. The doctrine of the perseverance of the saints is rooted in this specific understanding of predestination and remains a central tenet of Reformed theology today.

Predestination in Calvinism
Predestination is a doctrine in Calvinism dealing with the question of the control that God exercises over the world. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God "freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass." The second use of the word "predestination" applies this to salvation, and refers to the belief that God appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation by grace, while leaving the remainder to receive eternal damnation for all their sins, even their original sin. The former is called "unconditional election", and the latter "reprobation". In Calvinism, some people are predestined and effectually called in due time (regenerated/born again) to faith by God while all others are reprobated.

Calvinism places more emphasis on election compared to other branches of Christianity.
Rouffignac Cave
The Rouffignac cave, in the French commune of Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin-de-Reilhac in the Dordogne département, contains over 250 engravings and cave paintings dating back to the Upper Paleolithic. In conjunction with other caves and abris of the Vézère valley, the Rouffignac cave was classified a Monument historique in 1957 and a World Heritage Site in 1979 by UNESCO as part of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.

Font-de-Gaume
Font-de-Gaume is a cave near Les Eyzies in the Dordogne department of south-west France.  The cave contains prehistoric polychrome cave paintings and engravings dating to the Magdalenian period.  Discovered in 1901, more than 200 images have been identified in Font-de-Gaume. Along with other nearby prehistoric archeological sites, Font-de-Gaume was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 as the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.
Guernica
Guernica (/ɡərˈniːkə, ˈɡɜːrnɪkə/, Spanish pronunciation: [ɡeɾˈnika]), officially Gernika (pronounced [ɡernika]) in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the municipality of Gernika-Lumo (Spanish: Guernica y Luno), whose population was 17,033 as of 2024.

On April 26, 1937, Guernica was bombed by Nazi Germany's Condor Legion and Fascist Italy's Aviazione Legionaria, in one of the first aerial bombings. The attack inspired Pablo Picasso's painting Guernica, depicting his outrage at the attack.

Aviazione Legionaria
The Legionary Air Force (Italian: Aviazione Legionaria, Spanish: Aviación Legionaria) was an expeditionary corps from the Italian Royal Air Force that was set up in 1936. It was sent to provide logistical and tactical support to the Nationalist faction after the Spanish coup of July 1936, which marked the onset of the Spanish Civil War.

The corps and its Nazi German allies, the Condor Legion, fought against the Spanish Republic and provided support for the Italian ground troops of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie. They served from August 1936 to the end of the conflict, in March 1939. Their main base of operations was on Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands.
Alberto Sesana
Alberto Sesana is an Italian theoretical astrophysicist and Full Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Milano-Bicocca. His research focuses on the formation and evolution of supermassive black hole binaries and the modeling of astrophysical sources of gravitational waves. He is known for foundational theoretical work on the gravitational wave background from supermassive black hole binaries in the pulsar timing array frequency band, as well as for pioneering the concept of multi-band gravitational wave astronomy. He is a member of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA), the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA), and the LISA Consortium, the LISA Science Team (LST), and the LISA Distributed Data Processing Center (DDPC).

University of Milano-Bicocca
The University of Milano-Bicocca (Italian: Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, UNIMIB) is a public university located in Milan, Italy, providing undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate education. Established in 1998, it was ranked by the Times Higher Education 2014 ranking of the best 100 Universities under 50 years old as number 21 worldwide and first in Italy. It was created to reduce University of Milan's overload.
Sam Greco
Salvatore "Sam" Greco (born 3 May 1967) is an Australian retired full contact karateka, heavyweight K-1 kickboxer, and mixed martial artist. He was the 1994 Karate World Cup champion and holds notable kickboxing victories over Branko Cikatic, Ernesto Hoost, Mike Bernardo, Stefan Leko, and Ray Sefo, as well as MMA victories over Heath Herring and Shungo Oyama.

Mike Bernardo
Michael Shawn Bernardo (28 July 1969 – 14 February 2012) was a South African kickboxer and boxer from Cape Town. Bernardo was known as Beru-chan in Japan, where he has taken part in K-1 World GPs since 1994. He holds notable wins over Mirko Cro Cop, Andy Hug (2×), Francisco Filho, Branko Cikatic, Stan Longinidis, Gary Goodridge and three consecutive wins over K-1 legend Peter Aerts.
Naz Mitrou-Long
Nazareth Jersey Mitrou-Long (born August 3, 1993) is a Canadian–Greek professional basketball player for Napoli Basket of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A. He played college basketball for the Iowa State Cyclones. Born in Mississauga, Ontario, he played high school basketball at Father Michael Goetz in his hometown. In 2012, he started playing college basketball for Iowa State. He later played a total of 20 regular-season National Basketball Association (NBA) games with the Utah Jazz and the Indiana Pacers.

Napoli Basket (2016)
Napoli Basketball, also known as Napoli Basket, is an Italian professional basketball team of the city of Naples, competing in the Lega Basket Serie A, the highest level of competition in Italy. It's the de facto successor of the Basket Napoli, which was founded in 1946 and competed in the Euroleague during the 2006-07 season.

After financial troubles led to the original club’s dissolution, Napoli Basket was founded to revive the city’s basketball tradition.

Today, the team competes in Lega Basket Serie A, wearing its traditional blue and white colors. With strong local support, Napoli Basket aims to establish itself in Italy’s top league.
Austin Lewis (socialist)
Austin M. Lewis (April 7, 1865 – June 26, 1944) was an English-born socialist author, translator, labor lawyer, and politician. After emigrating to Northern California in 1890, he became active in socialist causes. He created the first English translations of works by Friedrich Engels. Among his own books, the best known was The Militant Proletariat (1911). He ran on the Socialist Party ticket for California governor in 1906, and for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1910. As a lawyer, he sought pardons for Thomas Mooney and Warren K. Billings, and defended members of the IWW. He helped found the Northern California affiliate of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).

Warren Billings
Warren Knox Billings (July 4, 1893 – September 4, 1972) was a labor leader and political activist, who was convicted with Thomas Mooney of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Bombing of 1916. It is believed that the two were wrongly convicted of a crime they did not commit. Billings served 23 years in prison before being released in 1939 and finally being pardoned in 1961 by governor Edmund G. Brown.
420 World Championships
The 420 World Championships is an annual international sailing regattas in the 420 class organized by the International 420 Class Association and recognised by World Sailing. They have been held every year since 1973 the year in which the class gained status from World Sailing.

The 420 Team Racing World Championship is a sailing regattas in the 420 class organized by the International 420 Class Association and recognised by World Sailing.

The 420 (dinghy) has also been used in Youth Sailing World Championships Formerly (IYRU Youth World, ISAF Youth Worlds) and the IYRU Women's Sailing World Championships and in Team Racing World Championships.

420 (dinghy)
The International 420 Dinghy is a sailing dinghy popular for racing and teaching. The hull is fiberglass with internal buoyancy tanks. The 420 has a bermuda rig, spinnaker and trapeze. It has a large sail-area-to-weight ratio, and is designed to plane easily. The 420 is an International class recognised by World Sailing. The name refers to the boat's length of 420 centimetres (4.2 m; 13 ft 9 in).
Xavier Ford
Xavier Ford (born May 30, 2000) is an American-Indonesian professional basketballer for the Borneo Hornbills of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL). He played college basketball for the Sacramento State Hornets of the Big Sky Conference.

Bogor Hornbills
Bogor Hornbills is an Indonesian professional basketball team currently playing in the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL) based in the city of Bogor, West Java. It was formerly known as Bumi Borneo Pontianak and were playing in Pontianak for the first seasons of the club's existence before its move to Bogor after the 2023 IBL season.
Bilasa Devi Kevat Airport
Bilasa Devi Kevat Airport (IATA: PAB, ICAO: VEBU), also known as Bilaspur Airport, is a domestic airport serving the city of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. It is located at Chakarbhata, 10 km (6.2 mi) south from the city centre. The airport made by the Royal Indian Air Force in 1942, making it the first and oldest airport of Chhattisgarh.  It is owned by the Airports Authority of India. In 1980s, the airport was used by Vayudoot to provide flights to Bhopal, Nagpur, Mumbai and Delhi. Currently, commercial scheduled flights are operated by Alliance Air to Bhopal, Delhi, Jabalpur and Prayagraj. It is named after Bilasa Bai Kevtin, a renowned 16th-century personality known for her bravery and courage to fight against difficult situations, who belonged to a fishermen tribe residing near the Arpa River.

Royal Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force (1932–1945) and the Royal Indian Air Force (1945–1950) were the air forces of British India. Granted the 'Royal' prefix in March 1945 during the final months of the Second World War, the Royal Indian Air Force continued as the air force of the Dominion of India until it became a republic in 1950, when the Indian president became India's head of state; replacing the British monarch. It was replaced by the Indian Air Force thereafter.

Alongside the Indian Army and the Royal Indian Navy, it comprised the armed forces of British India and the Dominion of India between 1932 and 1950.

The Royal Indian Air Force's first flight came into being on 1 April 1933 with six RAF-trained officers and 19 Havai Sepoys (air soldiers). The aircraft inventory consisted of four Westland Wapiti IIA army co-operation biplanes at Drigh Road, Karachi as the "A" Flight nucleus of the planned No.1 (Army Co-operation) Squadron.
Li Shenzhi
Li Shenzhi (李慎之; 1923–2003) was a prominent Chinese social scientist and public intellectual. Long a trusted spokesperson of the Chinese Communist Party, he rose to become Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Dismissed from this position for blunt criticisms of the regime, he emerged in the 1990s as a powerful critic of authoritarianism, and a prominent exponent of Chinese liberalism. His death in 2003, which had been preceded by a series of widely circulated professions of his liberal commitment, prompted an outpouring of adulatory writings, securing his posthumous status as a champion of intellectual freedom under difficult circumstances.

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese state research institute and think tank. It is a ministry-level institution under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The CASS is the highest academic institution and comprehensive research center for philosophy and social sciences research in China.

The CASS was founded in May 1977. Its predecessor was the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The main research objects of the Academy of Social Sciences are the language, philosophy, law, economy, religion, ethnicity, archaeology, history and literature of China and other countries in the world. The Academy of Social Sciences is divided into 6 academic departments and 37 research institutes.