hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fang Zhouzi
Fang Shimin (Chinese: 方是民; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Png Sī-bîn), better known by his pen name Fang Zhouzi (Chinese: 方舟子; pinyin: Fāng Zhōuzǐ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Png Chiu-chú; born 28 September 1967), is a Chinese popular science writer who is primarily known for his campaign against pseudoscience and fraud in China.  President and co-director of New Threads (simplified Chinese: 新语丝; traditional Chinese: 新語絲; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-gí-si), a publication and website that promotes Chinese culture to the general public, Fang's aggressive campaign against allegations of academic fraud has been hotly debated; while Fang's works have appeared in many Chinese publications, various Chinese scholars have accused him of vigilantism and of using populist rhetoric in academic research.

Chinese culture
Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中华文化; traditional Chinese: 中華文化; pinyin: Zhōnghuá wénhuà) is one of the world's earliest cultures, said to originate five thousand years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia called the Sinosphere as a whole and is extremely diverse, with customs and traditions varying greatly between regions. The terms 'China' and the geographical landmass of 'China' have shifted across the centuries, before the name 'China' became commonplace. Chinese civilization is historically considered a dominant culture of East Asia. Chinese culture exerted profound influence on the philosophy, customs, politics, and traditions of Asia. Chinese characters, ceramics, architecture, music, dance, literature, martial arts, cuisine, arts, philosophy, etiquette, religion, politics, and history have had global influence, while its traditions and festivals are celebrated, instilled, and practiced by people around the world.
Greatford
Greatford is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 2 miles (3 km) west from the A15, 4.5 miles (7 km) north-east from Stamford, and 5 miles (8 km) south from Bourne. Greatford is noted for Greatford Hall, once the home of the priest and physician Francis Willis.

In the 2001 Census, Greatford's population was found to be 260, increasing slightly to 268 at the 2011 census.

Market Deeping
Market Deeping is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, on the north bank of the River Welland and the A15 road. The population of the town at the 2011 census was 6,008.
2007 Anzac Test
The 2007 ANZAC test was a rugby league test match played between Australia and New Zealand at the Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane on 20 April 2007. It was the 8th Anzac test played between the two nations since the first was played under the Super League banner in 1997 and the third to be played in Brisbane.

1997 Anzac Test
The 1997 ANZAC test was the first annual Anzac test played between Australia and New Zealand. Conceived by the rebel Super League competition, any players aligned with the Australian Rugby League were not available for selection. The game was played on ANZAC Day, 25 April 1997 at the Sydney Football Stadium in front of 23,829 and was won by Australia 34–22.
Matthew Smith (painter)
Sir Matthew Smith, CBE (22 October 1879 – 29 September 1959) was a British painter of nudes, still-life and landscape. He studied design at the Manchester School of Art and art at the Slade School of Art. Smith studied under Henri Matisse in Paris and acquired an interest in Fauvism. During World War I, he was wounded at the Battle of Passchendaele. In 1949, Smith was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). He was knighted in 1954.

He married Gwen Salmond and their relationship broke up when he entered into an affair with Vera Cuningham. Smith lived, worked, and exhibited in England and France.

Slade School of Fine Art
The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, England. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Ad valorem tax
An ad valorem tax (Latin for "according to value") is a tax whose amount is based on the value of a transaction or of a property. It is typically imposed at the time of a transaction, as in the case of a sales tax or value-added tax (VAT). An ad valorem tax may also be imposed annually, as in the case of a real or personal property tax, or in connection with another significant event (e.g., inheritance tax, expatriation tax, or tariff). In some countries, a stamp duty is imposed as an ad valorem tax.

Sales tax
A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase.

When a tax on goods or services is paid to a governing body directly by a consumer, it is usually called a use tax. Often laws provide for the exemption of certain goods or services from sales and use tax, such as food, education, and medicines. A value-added tax (VAT) collected on goods and services is related to a sales tax. See Comparison with sales tax for key differences.
Transport in Mysore
Mysore is one of the most important cities in Karnataka due to its tourism and proximity with the capital city of Bangalore. It is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state of Karnataka. It has a well established road and rail transport with other cities in the country.

National Highway 275 (India)
National Highway 275 (NH-275), also commonly referred to as Bengaluru–Mysuru access-controlled Expressway, part of the Bengaluru–Mangaluru Economic Corridor (EC-34), is a national highway that starts from Bengaluru and goes through Mysuru as a 6-lane expressway of 119 km (74 mi), and again as 4-lane till Bilikere (towards Madikeri), and ends at Bantwal.
This highway connects the coastal city of Mangaluru to Bengaluru. It is also a bypass route for the National Highway 75 (NH-75). The Bengaluru to Mysuru section of this highway was upgraded from 4 to 10 lanes, out of which the 6-lane section is the main elevated access-controlled carriageway and the other 2-lane section on both ends of the carriageway are service roads. It claims to reduce the travel time between Bengaluru and Mysuru from 3 hours to 75 minutes.
Cal-Sag Channel
The Calumet-Saganashkee Channel, usually shortened to the Cal-Sag Channel, is a 16-mile-long (26 km) drainage and shipping canal in southern Cook County, Illinois, operated by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRD). A component of the Chicago Area Waterway System, it connects the Little Calumet River at its eastern end to the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal at its western end.

The Cal-Sag Channel is utilized for inland shipping, recreational boating and drainage purposes in what was an active zone of heavy industry in the Far Southeast Side neighborhoods of the city of Chicago and adjacent suburbs. As a drainage channel, it is used as a conduit for treated effluent wastewater from southern Cook County, including the Chicago-area Deep Tunnel Project, into the Illinois Waterway. It is also used in the summertime by pleasure crafts.

Inland navigation
Inland navigation, inland barge transport or inland waterway transport (IWT) is a transport system allowing ships and barges to use inland waterways (such as canals, rivers and lakes). These waterways have inland ports, marinas, quays, and wharfs.
Dōin
Dōin (道因, 1090 — c. 1179; given name Fujiwara no Atsuyori 藤原 敦頼) was a Japanese waka poet of the late-Heian period. One of his poems was included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu, and forty-one of his poems were included in imperial collections.

Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
Hyakunin Isshu (百人一首) is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets. Hyakunin Isshu can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem [each]"; it can also refer to the card game of uta-garuta, which uses a deck composed of cards based on the Hyakunin Isshu.

The most famous and standard version was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241) while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto. It is therefore also known as Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (小倉百人一首).
2017 Connecticut Open
The 2017 Connecticut Open (also known as the 2017 Connecticut Open presented by United Technologies for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 49th edition of the Connecticut Open, and part of the Premier Series of the 2017 WTA Tour. It took place at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, from August 20 through August 26. It was the last event of the 2017 US Open Series before the 2017 US Open.

2017 US Open (tennis)
The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events.

Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury that ended his season, while Kerber lost in the first round to Naomi Osaka.

The men's singles tournament concluded with Rafael Nadal defeating Kevin Anderson in the final, while the women's singles tournament concluded with Sloane Stephens defeating Madison Keys in the final.
Joshua Tree, California
Joshua Tree is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 6,489 at the 2020 census. At approximately 2,700 feet (820 meters) above sea level, Joshua Tree and its surrounding communities are located in the High Desert of California. The center of the business district in Joshua Tree is on California State Route 62.

Yucca Valley, California
Yucca Valley is an incorporated town in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 21,738 as of the 2020 census. Yucca Valley lies 20 miles (32 km) north of Palm Springs, and 49 miles (79 km) east of San Bernardino. Bordered to the south by the Joshua Tree National Park and to the west by the San Bernardino Mountains, the town of Yucca Valley is located in the Mojave Desert at roughly 3,300 feet (1,000 m) above sea level.
2018–19 2. Bundesliga
The 2018–19 2. Bundesliga was the 45th season of the 2. Bundesliga. It began on 3 August 2018 and concluded on 19 May 2019.

1. FC Köln and SC Paderborn were automatically promoted to the Bundesliga; Union Berlin were promoted after winning the Bundesliga relegation play-offs. 1. FC Magdeburg and MSV Duisburg were automatically relegated to the 3. Liga, while FC Ingolstadt 04 were also relegated to the 3. Liga after losing a playoff against SV Wehen Wiesbaden of that league.

MSV Duisburg
Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg, commonly known as simply MSV Duisburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛm ʔɛs faʊ ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German association football club based in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. Nicknamed Die Zebras for their traditional striped jerseys, the club was one of the original members of the Bundesliga when it was formed in 1963.
Peony
The peony or paeony (/ˈpiːəni/) is any flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus describes 33 known species. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified.

Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.25–1 metre (1–3 ft) tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres (1–11 ft) tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant flowers, in colors ranging from purple and pink to red, white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. The flowers have a short blooming season, usually lasting for only 7–10 days.

Peonies are popular garden plants in temperate regions. Herbaceous peonies are also sold as cut flowers on a large scale, although they generally are only available in late spring and early summer.

Paeonia californica
Paeonia californica is a perennial herbaceous plant of 35–70 cm (14–28 in) high, that retreats underground in summer, and reoccurs with the arrival of the winter rains. It has lobed leaves, elliptic (cup-shaped) drooping flowers with dark maroon-colored petals, and many yellow anthers. It flowers mostly from January to March (or sometimes as early as December or as late as May), and later develops two to five fruits per flower. Its common name is California peony and it is sometimes also referred to as wild peony. This peony is an endemic of southwestern California (USA), where it is not rare, and northernmost Baja California (Mexico). It grows on dry hillsides in the coastal sage scrub and chaparral communities of the coastal mountains of Southern and Central California, often as an understory plant.

It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the other Paeonia species native to North America, Paeonia brownii.
David Saar Salama
David Saar Salama (Hebrew: דוד סער סלמה; Born March 4, 1969) is an Israeli Vice Admiral (Aluf) who currently serves as the commander-in-chief of the Israeli Navy.

Previously he served as chief of the navy staff, deputy commander of the Depth Corps, commander of the Haifa naval base and more.

Haifa naval base
The Haifa naval base is a base of Israeli Navy, located in Haifa, Israel, and constitutes the main naval base of the Israel Defense Forces. The base is the hub of Israel's naval force. The naval base has submarines, missile boats and other vessels. On 7 February 2021, Brigadier General Tal Politis was appointed to serve as commander of the Haifa naval base, replacing Brigadier General Guy Goldfarb.
Brachymetatarsia
Brachymetatarsia is a rare malformation that causes one or more toes to be abnormally short. The condition is characterized by a metatarsal arch shortness of more than 5 mm. The condition is more common in females, and the condition is reported in literature ranges from 0.02% to 0.05%. Brachymetatarsia appears to be the result of epiphyseal plate retardation or premature closure. The etiology may be congenital and idiopathic, posttraumatic, postinfection, iatrogenic, or secondary to a systemic disease such as cancer, sickle cell disease, pseudohyperparathyroidism, Turner's syndrome, Down syndrome, Apert syndrome, athyroidism, or osteodystrophy.

It most frequently involves the fourth metatarsal.  If it involves the first metatarsal, the condition is known as Morton's syndrome. Treatment is via a number of differing surgical procedures.

Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first. A bovine hind leg has two metatarsals.
William J. Quinn
William J. Quinn (April 23, 1883 – October 10, 1963) was a San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) chief. A native of San Francisco, California, he attended Lincoln Grammar School, Sacred Heart College and studied law at Saint Ignatius College (now the University of San Francisco), graduating in 1925. He walked his first police beat in 1906.

He served as chief of police in San Francisco from January 1, 1929, until February 15, 1940. Quinn presided over the modernization of the SFPD and is credited with establishing the first juvenile bureau and putting radios in police cars. He was chief during the Jessie Scott Hughes murder trial of Frank Egan and the 1934 San Francisco General Strike on the waterfront where he took a rock to the head, and during the period of the investigations by Edwin Atherton who published the Atherton Report on police graft and corruption.

Quinn died on October 10, 1963, at the Livermore Sanitorium. He was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
Frank Carter (American football)
Frank Carter (born October 17, 1977) is an American former professional football fullback/linebacker who played seven seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the New Jersey/Las Vegas Gladiators, Nashville Kats, Utah Blaze and San Jose SaberCats. He played college football at MacMurray College. He was also a member of the Duluth-Superior Lumberjacks and Quad City Steamwheelers.

Quad City Steamwheelers
The Quad City Steamwheelers were a professional arena football team. They were a charter member of the AF2 and played their home games at iWireless Center in Moline, Illinois.

The team was founded on September 1, 1999, when the Quad Cities was awarded an arena football franchise. Managing owner (and inventor of arena football) Jim Foster coined the team's nickname.

In December 2009, it was confirmed that the Steamwheelers had ceased operations, opting not to join the new Arena Football League after the bankruptcy of the Arena Football League and subsequent disbanding of af2.
Denis de Belleval
Denis de Belleval (born June 4, 1939) is a former politician and administrator in the Canadian province of Quebec. He was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1982 and was a cabinet minister in the government of René Lévesque. He has also held several administrative positions, including a two-year tenure as the president of Via Rail.

René Lévesque
René Lévesque (August 24, 1922 – November 1, 1987) was a Canadian politician and journalist who served as the 23rd premier of Quebec from 1976 to 1985. He was the first Québécois political leader since Confederation to seek, through a referendum, a mandate to negotiate the political independence of Quebec. Starting his career as a reporter, and radio and television host, he later became known for his eminent role in Quebec's nationalization of hydro-electric companies and as an ardent defender of Quebec sovereignty. He was the founder of the Parti Québécois, and before that, a Liberal minister in the Lesage government from 1960 to 1966.
S4 ribosomal protein leader
The S4 ribosomal protein leader is  a  ribosomal protein leader involved in ribosome biogenesis. It is used as an autoregulatory mechanism to control the concentration of the ribosomal protein S4. Two examples of such leaders that use different conserved structures, in Bacillota and Gammaproteobacteria, have been experimentally confirmed.
Four additional S4 ribosomal protein leaders, each with distinct structures, were predicted in various bacteria phyla. In Bacteroidia or Bacillota, the structure is located in the 5′ untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins S4 (rpsD), RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) and L17 (rplQ).
In Clostridia (whose S4 ribosomal protein leader differs from that of other Bacillota) and  Gammaproteobacteria, the ribosomal proteins S13 (rpsM) and S11 (rpsK) were also part of the mRNA encoding region.

Ribosomal protein
A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. Bacteria and archaea have a small ribosomal subunit (30S) and a large ribosomal subunit (50S).
Eukaryotes have a 
small ribosomal subunit (40S), and a large ribosomal subunit (60S).
 Equivalent subunits are frequently numbered differently between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

A large part of the knowledge about these organic molecules has come from the study of E. coli ribosomes. All ribosomal proteins have been isolated and many specific antibodies have been produced. These, together with electronic microscopy and the use of certain reactives, have allowed for the determination of the topography of the proteins in the ribosome.  More recently, a near-complete (near)atomic picture of the ribosomal proteins is emerging from the latest high-resolution cryo-EM data (including PDB: 5AFI​).
Death and state funeral of Raúl Alfonsín
Raúl Alfonsín was the president of Argentina from 1983 to 1989. He died on March 31, 2009, aged 82. He had lung cancer and died at his home; a massive candlelight vigil took place in the vicinity of it. Vice President Julio Cobos, the acting president at the time, arranged three days of national mourning and a state funeral at the Palace of the Argentine National Congress. Alfonsín was seen by 40,000 people and the senior politicians of the country; people from other countries also voiced their respect for him. A military escort took his coffin to the La Recoleta Cemetery, and left him at the pantheon for the veterans of the Revolution of the Park.

Palace of the Argentine National Congress
The Palace of the Argentine National Congress (Spanish: Palacio del Congreso de la Nación Argentina, often referred locally as Palacio del Congreso or simply Congreso) is a monumental building, seat of the Argentine National Congress, located in the city of Buenos Aires. It is located in the barrio of Balvanera at its limit with Monserrat, an area informally known as the Congreso neighbourhood.

Constructed between 1898 and 1906, the palace is a National Historic Landmark. The Kilometre Zero for all Argentine National Highways is marked on a milestone at the Congressional Plaza, next to the building.
Robert Grevett
Robert Gordon Grevett (24 November 1914 – 5 March 2004) was an English cricketer. Grevett was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Eastbourne, Sussex.

Grevett made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at The Saffrons, Eastbourne, in 1939. Oxford University won the toss and elected to bat, scoring 178 in their first-innings. In response, Sussex made 169 in their first-innings, with Grevett, who batted at number three, being dismissed for a duck by David Macindoe. Oxford University made 324 in their second-innings, leaving Sussex with a target of 334 to win. However, Sussex could only make 277 in their second-innings chase, with Grevett once again dismissed for a duck, this time off the bowling of Algernon Marsham. This was his only major appearance for Sussex.

He died at Chertsey, Surrey, on 5 March 2004. His uncle, William Grevett, also played a single first-class match for Sussex.

David Macindoe
Major David Henry Macindoe MC (1 September 1917 – 3 March 1986) was an English cricketer.  Macindoe was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast.  His bowling was characterised by a long run-up and a high arm action. The son of Patrick Macindoe and Cicely Broadbent, he was born at Eton, and educated at Eton College.