hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Society for the History of Medicine
The British Society for the History of Medicine (BSHM) is an umbrella organisation of History of medicine societies throughout the United Kingdom, with particular representation to the International Society for the History of Medicine. It has grown from the original four affiliated societies in 1965; the Section for the History of Medicine, The Royal Society of Medicine, London, Osler Club of London, Faculty of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy and the Scottish Society of the History of Medicine, to twenty affiliated societies in 2018.

The society holds its congress biennially in centres around the UK, with the eponymous Poynter Lecture, named after librarian and medical historian F. N. L. Poynter, being held on alternate years in London.

International Society for the History of Medicine
The International Society for the History of Medicine is a non profit international society devoted to the academic study of the history of medicine, including the organization of international congresses. The Society was founded in 1920 in Belgium.

The society is present in 50 countries, holds delegations in 38 countries, and has about 800 members. It is affiliated with national societies in many countries, among which are Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Membership is open to both physicians and historians.
Deer Creek (Arizona)
Deer Creek is a stream that flows through the western part of the Grand Canyon, in the U.S. state of Arizona, as a right-bank tributary of the Colorado River. A series of natural springs provide for a perennial flow in Deer Creek. During periods of intense rainfall, Deer Creek can experience severe flash flooding. In the final half mile above the Colorado River, Deer Creek flows through a narrow slot canyon before plunging over a 150-foot (46 m) waterfall named Deer Creek Falls.

Deer Creek and its waterfall are within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park and are a popular stopping point for river trips through the canyon. Backpackers can also access the falls by hiking from the North Rim. The Surprise Valley trail connects the Deer Creek drainage with the adjacent Thunder River/Tapeats Creek drainage.

Grand Canyon National Park
Grand Canyon National Park is a national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyon, a gorge of the Colorado River, which is often considered one of the Wonders of the World. The park, which covers 1,217,262 acres (1,901.972 sq mi; 4,926.08 km2) of unincorporated area in Coconino and Mohave counties, received more than 4.9 million recreational visitors in 2024. The Grand Canyon was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979. The park celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 26, 2019.
Poisson ring
In mathematics, a Poisson ring is a commutative ring on which an anticommutative and distributive binary operation  satisfying the Jacobi identity and the product rule is defined. Such an operation is then known as the Poisson bracket of the Poisson ring.

Many important operations and results of symplectic geometry and Hamiltonian mechanics may be formulated in terms of the Poisson bracket and, hence, apply to Poisson algebras as well. This observation is important in studying the classical limit of quantum mechanics—the non-commutative algebra of operators on a Hilbert space has the Poisson algebra of functions on a symplectic manifold as a singular limit, and properties of the non-commutative algebra pass over to corresponding properties of the Poisson algebra.

Symplectic manifold
In differential geometry, a symplectic manifold is a smooth manifold, , equipped with a closed nondegenerate differential 2-form , called the symplectic form. The study of symplectic manifolds is called symplectic geometry or symplectic topology. Symplectic manifolds arise naturally in abstract formulations of classical mechanics and analytical mechanics as the cotangent bundles of manifolds. For example, in the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, which provides one of the major motivations for the field, the set of all possible configurations of a system is modeled as a manifold, and this manifold's cotangent bundle describes the phase space of the system.
Hongling South station
Hongling South station (simplified Chinese: 红岭南站; traditional Chinese: 紅嶺南站; pinyin: Hónglǐng Nán Zhàn; Jyutping: hung4 ling5 naam4 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Hùhng Líhng Nàahm Jaahm) is an interchange station between Line 9 and Line 11 of the Shenzhen Metro. The Line 9 station opened on 28 October 2016. This station is located under the southeast of the intersection of Hongling South Road and Shennan East Road. The station is an indirect interchange with Line 1 and Line 2 at Grand Theater Station. The Line 11 station opened on 28 December 2025.

Line 1 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 1 (formerly branded as Luobao line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Airport East to Luohu. Traditionally, it is the most heavily used metro line on the Shenzhen Metro, serving an average of 960,000 people daily in 2014. It has since been surpassed by Line 5, but still averages over 1 million passengers per day as of March 2021, despite this number being under COVID measures.
Trifling Women
Trifling Women is a 1922 American silent romantic drama film directed by Rex Ingram. It is credited with boosting the careers of its leads, Barbara La Marr and Ramon Novarro. It has been described as Ingram's most personal film.: 41

The film is considered lost.

Ramon Novarro
Ramón Gil Samaniego (February 6, 1899 – October 30, 1968), known professionally as Ramon Novarro, was a Mexican actor. He began his career in American silent films in 1917 and eventually became a leading man and one of the top box-office attractions of the 1920s and early '30s. Novarro was promoted by MGM as a "Latin lover" and became known as a sex symbol after the death of Rudolph Valentino. He is recognized as the first Latin American actor to succeed in Hollywood.
Ancien séminaire Saint-Sulpice
The ancien séminaire Saint-Sulpice is a building in Paris, France. It is listed as a monument historique, located on Place Saint-Sulpice in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. It was constructed from 1820 to 1838 for the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, which occupied it until 1906. Since 1922 it has been used by the French Ministry of Finance.

Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)
48°50′21″N 2°22′33″E﻿ / ﻿48.83917°N 2.37583°E﻿ / 48.83917; 2.37583
The Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty (French: Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique, pronounced [ministɛʁ d(ə) lekɔnɔmi e definɑ̃s]), informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the Government of France. Its minister is one of the most prominent cabinet members after the prime minister. The name of the ministry has changed over time; it has included the terms "economics", "industry", "finance" and "employment" throughout its history.
El Hossein El Ouardi
El Hossein El Ouardi (Arabic: الحسين الوردي; born 22 September 1954) is a Moroccan politician of the Party of Progress and Socialism. From 3 January 2012 to 24 October 2017, he held the position of Minister of Health in Abdelilah Benkirane's government.

In January 2014, El Ouardi was physically assaulted while exiting the parliament in Rabat. His assailants were members of the pharmacists union/lobby, and one of them was the brother-in-law of Fouad Ali El Himma, the influential advisor and close-friend of Mohammed VI, in addition to being the cousin of Fatima Ezzahra El Mansouri, the then-mayor of Marrakesh belonging to the Authenticity and Modernity Party. The incident resulted in minor injuries for the minister.

Cabinet of Morocco
The Cabinet of Morocco is the chief executive body of the Kingdom of Morocco.

The Cabinet is composed of some 24 ministers including 5 "Minister Delegates". It is headed by the Prime Minister since August 2011, who is appointed by the King of Morocco from the party that achieved a plurality in the parliamentary elections. The Cabinet's ministers are chosen by the PM, after consultation with other parties forming the Government coalition, then validated and appointed by the King. As of September 10, 2021, the current government is headed by Aziz Akhannouch, who was appointed by King Mohamed VI to form a new government after leading the results of the 2021 general election. On 7 October 2021, the new cabinet of 24 ministers, which included 7 women, was sworn in.
2025–26 Liga 4 Central Papua
2025–26 Liga 4 Central Papua (also known as the 2025–26 Liga 4 Central Papua Governor's Cup and officially sponsored as the 2025–26 Liga 4 Freeport Indonesia for sponsorship reasons) is the second season of the fourth-tier football competition in Indonesia organized by the Provincial Association (Asprov) of PSSI Central Papua.

The competition serves as the regional qualifying round for Central Papua to determine its representative for the national phase of the 2025–26 Liga 4. The tournament is scheduled to be held in Timika, Mimika Regency, with the opening ceremony on 8 March 2026 and the official kick-off on 9 March 2026.

2025–26 Liga 4
The 2025–26 Liga 4 is the second season of the Liga 4, the fourth tier in the Indonesian football league system and the only amateur competition within the structure. The competition is organized by the PSSI Regency or City Associations during the regency or city phase, by the PSSI Provincial Associations during the provincial phase, and by the PSSI during the national phase.
Markit
Markit was a British financial information and services company that focused on credit derivative pricing. It was founded in 2003 and merged in 2016 with IHS to form IHS Markit.

Prior to its merger it had 4,500 employees in 21 offices worldwide and was as an independent source of credit derivative pricing. The company provided independent financial data, trade processing of derivatives, foreign exchange and loans, customised technology platforms and managed services. The company aimed to enhance corporate transparency, reduce financial risk and improve operational economic efficiency. Its client base included institutional participants in the financial marketplace.

On 12 July 2016, Markit and IHS Inc. merged in an all-stock merger of equals to form IHS Markit. IHS Markit later merged with S&P Global on 28 February 2022.

S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to 2016, McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013, The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York. Its primary areas of business are financial information, analytics, and energy and commodities intelligence. It is the parent company of S&P Global Ratings, S&P Global Energy, S&P Global Market Intelligence, S&P Global Mobility, and the Indian credit rating agency CRISIL. It is also the majority owner of the S&P Dow Jones Indices joint venture. "S&P" is a shortening of "Standard and Poor's".
Akiko Suzuki
Akiko Suzuki (鈴木 明子, Suzuki Akiko) (born March 28, 1985) is a Japanese figure skating choreographer and retired competitive figure skater. She is the 2012 World Championships bronze medalist, a three-time Grand Prix Final medalist (2011 silver, 2009 & 2012 bronze), a two-time Four Continents silver medalist (2010, 2013), the 2007 Winter Universiade champion, and the 2013 Japanese national champion. She placed eighth at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics.

2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final
The 2011–12 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was an international figure skating competition in the 2011–12 season. The ISU Junior Grand Prix Final was organized together with the senior event. The two competitions were the culmination of two international series, the 2011–12 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating for senior-level skaters and the 2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix for juniors.

The competitions were held in Quebec City, Canada at the Pavillon de la Jeunesse, from December 8–11, 2011. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing on the senior and junior levels.
Actinosphaerium
Actinosphaerium is a genus of heliozoa, amoeboid unicellular organisms with many axopodial filaments that radiate out of their cell. It is classified within the monotypic family Actinosphaeriidae and suborder Actinosphaerina. Species of Actinosphaerium are distinguished by their large number of nuclei in each cell. Their axopodia sometimes terminate on the surface of nuclei. Vacuoles are abundant in the periphery of the cytoplasm.

Vacuole
A vacuole (/ˈvækjuːoʊl/) is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in certain cases they may contain solids which have been engulfed. Vacuoles are formed by the fusion of multiple membrane vesicles and are effectively just larger forms of these. The organelle has no basic shape or size; its structure varies according to the requirements of the cell.
Espen Bjervig
Espen Bjervig (born 30 June 1972) is a former Norwegian cross-country skier who competed from 1995 to 2004. He won a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1999 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Ramsau and earned his best individual finish of eight in the 10 km event in those same championships.

Bjervig also won four races of distances up to 15 km from 1997 to 2004. In June 2018, he was appointed as the Norwegian Ski Federation's managing director of cross-country. He had previously worked as sales director for a number of companies and as a marketing director for the Norwegian Ski Federation. Bjervig graduated from the BI Norwegian Business School in 1998, with a Master's degree in Finance.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1999
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1999 took place February 19–28, 1999 in Ramsau am Dachstein, Austria. The large hill ski jumping events took place at the Paul-Ausserleitner-Schanze in Bischofshofen. The 7.5 km Nordic combined sprint event debuted at these championships.
Okayama Domain
Okayama Domain (岡山藩, Okayama-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now eastern Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshu. It controlled all of Bizen Province and a small portion of Bitchū Province was centered around Okayama Castle, and was ruled throughout its history by a branch of the Ikeda clan. Okayama Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and is now part of Okayama Prefecture. Okayama Domain had two sub-domains, Kamogata Domain (鴨方藩) and Ikusaka Domain (生坂藩). In addition, six of the clans who served as hereditary karō of the domain had kokudaka equivalents to that of daimyō.

Abolition of the han system
The abolition of the han system (廃藩置県, haihan-chiken) in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (大名, daimyō, feudal lords) were required to return their authority to the Emperor Meiji and his house. The process was accomplished in several stages, resulting in a new centralized government of Meiji Japan and the replacement of the old feudal system with a new oligarchy.
F.C. Kallon
Football Club Kallon, commonly known as FC Kallon, is a football club based in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Founded as Sierra Fisheries, the club is one of the top clubs in the Sierra Leone National Premier League and play their home games at the National Stadium in Freetown. The venue has a capacity of 45,000.

Sierra Leone National Premier League
Sierra Leone National Premier League is a professional football league in Sierra Leone. It was founded in 1967. The league is sponsored by Leone Rock Metal Group. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool are the two biggest and most successful clubs. The National Premier League is controlled by the Sierra Leone Football Association. The season runs from December to July.
Isoproscaline
Isoproscaline or 4-isopropoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is closely related to proscaline and was first synthesized by David E. Nichols and colleagues. The drug is taken orally.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Montenotte campaign order of battle
In the Montenotte campaign between 10 and 28 April 1796, General Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army of Italy broke the link between Feldzeugmeister Johann Peter Beaulieu's Austrian army and Feldmarschallleutnant Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi's Sardinian army. In subsequent engagements, the French defeated the Austrians, pursued Colli to the west, and forced the Sardinians to withdraw from the First Coalition against France. Actions were fought at Voltri (now a suburb of Genoa) on 10 April, Monte Negino (Legino) on 11 April, Montenotte on 12 April, Millesimo on 13 April, Second Battle of Dego on 14–15 April, Ceva on 16 April, San Michele Mondovi on 19 April, and Mondovì on 21 April.

Lieutenant field marshal
Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (German: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly Feldmarschallleutnant, historically also Feldmarschall-Lieutenant and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always Feldmarschalleutnant, abbreviated  FML), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank of field marshal (German: Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel). In German-speaking countries the commander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" (Untermarschall) or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards.
Farnworth
Farnworth is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) southeast of Bolton, 4 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 8 miles (12.9 km) northwest of Manchester.

Within the historic county of Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and River Croal. At the 2011 Census, it had a population of 26,939.

River Croal
The River Croal is a river located in Greater Manchester, England. It is a tributary of the River Irwell.

Rising at the confluence of Middle Brook and Deane Church Brook, it flows eastwards through Bolton, collecting Gilnow Brook and the larger River Tonge at Darcy Lever. Most of the river is culverted through Bolton town centre, running under Knowsley Street, Market Place and Bridge Street.
Before 1836, the River Croal formed the boundary between the townships of Great and Little Bolton.

The name of the river is derived from the Old English croh and wella, the winding stream. It was possibly originally called the Middlebrook along its entire length as early references mention the Mikelbrok, (mycel and broc), the great stream but not the Croal.

It meets the Irwell at Nob End, Kearsley after a total course of around ten miles.
Mugdha Vaishampayan
Mugdha Vaishampayan (born 5 April 2000) is one of the finalists in the Marathi championship of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs, which aired on Zee Marathi television between July 2008 and February 2009. She was referred to as "Little Monitor".

In 2009 and 2010, Mugdha appeared in many stage shows and public events, and her career currently extends to music albums, playback for movies and TV serials, media commercials, reality show anchoring, promotional campaigns for leading Newspapers, and performing in her solo singing programs.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Park Towers (Houston)
Park Towers is a complex of two office buildings along the 610 Loop in Houston, Texas, United States. It consists of two 18 story office towers, Park Towers North and Park Towers South, which each have 272,621 square feet (25,327.3 m2) of rentable space, and one six story parking garage. The building, in proximity to Uptown Houston, is owned by Post Oak Partners LLP; TPMC Realty Corp. provides leasing and management services. Previously Cameron International Corporation maintained its international headquarters in Park Towers South.

Cameron International
Cameron International Corporation (formerly Cooper Cameron Corporation (CCC) and Cooper Oil Tool, Cameron Iron Works) though now operating under Schlumberger, is a global provider of pressure control, production, processing, and flow control systems as well as project management and aftermarket services for the oil and gas and process industries. Cameron was acquired by Schlumberger (SLB) in 2016, and now operates as 'Cameron, an SLB Company.' At the start of the SLB acquisition in 2015, Cameron employed approximately 23,000 people and delivered $9.8 billion in revenue.
Dialyte lens
A dialyte lens (sometimes called a dialyt: 1873 ) is a compound lens design that corrects optical aberrations where the lens elements are widely air-spaced. The design is used to save on the amount of glass used for specific elements or where elements can not be cemented because they have dissimilar curvatures. The word dialyte means "parted", "loose" or "separated" in Greek.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.