hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerry Weinstein
Jerry Weinstein (born November 9, 1943) is an American professional baseball manager. He most recently managed the 2017 Hartford Yard Goats, a Minor League Baseball (MiLB) Double-A team in the Eastern League, an affiliate of the Colorado Rockies.

Weinstein managed Team Israel at the 2017 World Baseball Classic qualifiers, in September 2016, and during the main tournament the following March (2017), in South Korea and Japan. In 2018, he received Baseball America's Tony Gwynn Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2020 he was named recipient of the American Baseball Coaches Association/Wilson Lefty Gomez Award.

American Baseball Coaches Association
The American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) is the world’s largest amateur baseball coaching organization and a leading professional association for baseball coaches across all levels of the sport. Founded in 1945, the ABCA represents over 15,000 members from all 50 U.S. states and more than 40 countries worldwide, encompassing coaches from youth, high school, junior college, NAIA, and NCAA divisions.

The ABCA advances the profession of coaching through education, advocacy, resources, and community building. It organizes the annual ABCA Convention, which is recognized as the world’s largest baseball convention, and supports year-round coaching education through clinics, publications, webinars and digital resources.
Knox and Kane Railroad
The Knox and Kane Railroad (reporting mark KKRR) was a shortline railroad located in Marienville, Pennsylvania that operated between Knox, in Clarion County, to Kane and then on to Mount Jewett, in McKean County.

Marienville, Pennsylvania
Marienville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jenks Township, Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its altitude is 1,735 feet (529 m), and it is located at 41°28′12″N 79°7′29″W﻿ / ﻿41.47000°N 79.12472°W﻿ / 41.47000; -79.12472 (41.4702014, -79.1247623). Other names for the community have included "Marion" and "Marionville". Marienville is a major point on a well-known ATV trail. According to the 2010 census the population of Marienville was 3,137.

Marienville is the location of the SCI Forest state correctional institution.
Fowler Mountain
Fowler Mountain, est. 750 feet (230 m), is a traprock mountain located 7 miles (11 km) southeast of the center of Meriden, Connecticut. It is part of the narrow, linear Metacomet Ridge that extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Fowler Mountain is known for its rugged topography, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It rises steeply 300 feet (91 m) above the Ulbrich Reservoir and the Quinnipiac River valley to the west. The mountain is traversed by the 50-mile (80 km) Mattabesett Trail.

Quinnipiac River
The Quinnipiac River (/ˈkwɪnəˌpi.æk/ KWIH-nə-pee-ak) is a 45.5-mile (73.2 km) long river in the New England region of the United States, located entirely in the state of Connecticut.

The river rises in West Central Connecticut from Dead Wood Swamp near the city of New Britain. It flows roughly southward to Plainville, Southington, and Cheshire, west of the city of Meriden, through Wallingford and Yalesville, North Haven, and flows into New Haven Harbor, an inlet of Long Island Sound, east of downtown New Haven.
Potassium telluride
Potassium telluride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula K2Te. It is formed from potassium and tellurium, making it a telluride. Potassium telluride is a white powder. Like rubidium telluride and caesium telluride, it can be used as an ultraviolet detector in space. Its crystal structure is similar to other tellurides, which have an anti-fluorite structure.

Telluride (chemistry)
The telluride ion is the anion Te2− and its derivatives. It is analogous to the other chalcogenide anions, the lighter O2−, S2−, and Se2−, and the heavier Po2−.

In principle, Te2− is formed by the two-e− reduction of tellurium. The redox potential is −1.14 V.

Te(s) + 2 e− ↔ Te2−

Although solutions of the telluride dianion have not been reported, soluble salts of bitelluride (TeH−) are known.
Piedrancha Fault
The Piedrancha Fault (Spanish: Falla de Piedrancha) is a dextral oblique strike-slip fault in the department of Nariño in southwestern Colombia. The fault has a total length of 79.5 kilometres (49.4 mi) and runs along an average northeast to southwest strike of 033.8 ± 14 in the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

Nariño Department
Nariño (Spanish pronunciation: [naˈɾiɲo]) is a department of Colombia named after independence leader Antonio Nariño. Its capital is Pasto. It is in the west of the country, bordering Ecuador and the Pacific Ocean.

Nariño has a diverse geography and varied climate according to altitude: hot in the plains of the Pacific and cold in the mountains, where most of the population resides, a situation that is repeated in a north-south direction. Other important cities include Tumaco and Ipiales.
MV Loch Sunart
MV Loch Sunart (ex-Gemeente Pont 23 then Sound of Scalpay) was a car and passenger ferry, originally operated in Amsterdam, and then by Western Ferries across the Firth of Clyde between Gourock and Dunoon in Scotland until October 2013. In 2018, Loch Sunart was converted into an ROV support vessel and is now owned by Caldive.

Firth of Clyde
The Firth of Clyde is the estuary of the River Clyde, on the west coast of Scotland. The Firth has some of the deepest coastal waters of the British Isles and is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Kintyre Peninsula.  The Firth lies between West Dunbartonshire in the north, Argyll and Bute in the west, and Inverclyde, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire in the east. Kilbrannan Sound is a large arm of the Firth, separating the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. The Kyles of Bute separates the Isle of Bute from the Cowal Peninsula. The Sound of Bute separates the islands of Bute and Arran.

The Highland Boundary Fault crosses the Firth.  The Firth also played a vital military role during World War II.

The Firth is sometimes called the Clyde Waters or Clyde Sea. It is customarily considered to be part of the Irish Sea.
Kwon Jung-dong
Kwon Jung-dong (Korean: 권중동; 10 September 1932 – 26 November 2021) was a South Korean politician. A member of the Democratic Justice Party, he served as Minister of Labor from 1980 to 1982 and in the National Assembly from 1985 to 1988.

Ministry of Employment and Labor
Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL; Korean: 고용노동부) is a cabinet-level ministry of the government of South Korea that oversees labor-related affairs. Its predecessor agency, the Division of Labor, was established under the direction of the Minister of Social Affairs (사회부장관) on 11 November 1948. It was upgraded to a cabinet ministry on 8 April 1981.

The headquarters are located in Building #11 of the Sejong Government Complex in Sejong City. Previously the headquarters were located in Buildings 1 and 3 of the Government Complex II in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province.
MLK Highway–Suitland Line
The MLK Highway–Suitland Line, designated Route P60 is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between New Carrollton station of the Orange and Silver lines of the Washington Metro, and Suitland station of the Green Line of the Washington Metro. The line operates every 12 minutes daily between 5 AM and 9 PM, and 30 minutes after 9 PM. Route P60 trips roughly take 45 minutes.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
Norman Blacklock
Sir Norman James Blacklock KCVO OBE FRCS (5 February 1928 – 7 September 2006) was a surgeon in the Royal Navy and later a consultant in urology and professor of medicine at Manchester University.  He served as Medical Officer to The Queen on her overseas tours for 17 years, from 1976 to 1993.  He became known to the accompanying press corps as "the Queen's Witch Doctor", and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh nicknamed him "Hemlock".  He was appointed an Extra Gentleman Usher in 1993.

Gentleman Usher
Gentleman Usher and Lady Usher are titles for some officers of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom. Historically the Gentlemen Ushers were among the most senior officials of the king's Chamber, next in rank only to the Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain; their role was first documented in the fifteenth century (for a list of office-holders from the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 up to the present day, see List of Lady and Gentleman Ushers).

Gentleman Ushers were originally a class of servants found not only in the Royal Household, but in lesser establishments as well. They were regularly found in the households of Tudor noblemen, and were prescribed by Richard Brathwait, in his Household of an Earle, as one of the "officers and Servants the state of an Earle requireth to have".
Manual testing
Compare with Test automation.

Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user where by they use most of the application's features to ensure correct behavior. To guarantee completeness of testing, the tester often follows a written test plan that leads them through a set of important test cases.

Test case (software)
In software engineering, a test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. Test cases underlie testing that is methodical rather than haphazard. A battery of test cases can be built to produce the desired coverage of the software being tested. Formally defined test cases allow the same tests to be run repeatedly against successive versions of the software, allowing for effective and consistent regression testing.
John L. Blake
John Lauris Blake (March 25, 1831, in Boston, Massachusetts – October 10, 1899, in West Orange, New Jersey) was an American lawyer and Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for one term from 1879 to 1881.

West Orange, New Jersey
West Orange is a suburban township in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 48,843, an increase of 2,636 (+5.7%) from the 2010 census count of 46,207, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,264 (+2.8%) from the 44,943 counted in the 2000 census.

West Orange is both an inner-ring suburb of New Jersey's largest city, Newark, and a commuter suburb of New York City; it is approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Manhattan. West Orange was home to the inventor Thomas Edison, who also maintained a laboratory and workshop in town.
Groupe Habitat
Groupe Habitat is an international chain of stores of British origin created by Sir Terence Conran in 1973, which specialises in the sale of furniture and contemporary decorative accessories. In September 2011 it was purchased by the French group Cafom SA distribution, who sold it to the industrialist Thierry Le Guénic in October 2020.

Terence Conran
Sir Terence Orby Conran CH RDI FCSD (4 October 1931 – 12 September 2020) was a British designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer. He founded the household retailer Habitat in 1964, and the Design Museum in Shad Thames, London in 1989. The British designer Thomas Heatherwick said that Conran "moved Britain forward to make it an influence around the world."

Edward Barber, from the British design team Barber & Osgerby, described Conran as "the most passionate man in Britain when it comes to design, and his central idea has always been 'Design is there to improve your life.'" The satirist Craig Brown once joked that before Conran "there were no chairs and no France."
BSC Young Boys
Berner Sport Club Young Boys (YB by short abbreviation, Alemannic German: [ˈiːbɛ] EE-beh) is a Swiss professional sports club based in Bern, Switzerland. Its first team has won 17 Swiss league championships and eight Swiss Cups. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup in the 1958–59 season. The club's colours are yellow of a golden shade and black.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.
Extensional and intensional definitions
In logic, extensional and intensional definitions are two key ways in which the objects, concepts, or referents a term refers to can be defined. They give meaning or denotation to a term.
An intensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for when the term should be used. 
An extensional definition gives meaning to a term by specifying every object that falls under the definition of the term in question.

For example, in set theory one would extensionally define the set of square numbers as {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, }, while an intensional definition of the set of the square numbers could be { is the square of an integer}.

Referent
A referent (/ˈrɛfərənt/ REF-ər-ənt) is an entity to which a name – a linguistic expression or other symbol – refers. For example, in the sentence Mary saw me, the referent of the word Mary is the particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word me is the person uttering the sentence.

Two expressions which have the same referent are said to be co-referential. In the sentence John had his dog with him, for instance, the noun John and the pronoun him are co-referential, since they both refer to the same person (John).
Norwegian County Road 7
County Road 7 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 7) was a 92.24-kilometer (57.32 mi) road in Vestland county, Norway. The road ran from Trengereid in Bergen Municipality to Kollanes in Voss Municipality. In 2019, the road was renumbered with the portion west of Norheimsund becoming an extension of Norwegian County Road 49 and the eastern portion from Norheimsund to Granvin becoming Norwegian County Road 79.

The route branches off from European route E16 and passes through the Trengereid Valley to Samnanger Municipality before crossing mountainous territory east to the village of Norheimsund. It then continues along the north side of the Hardanger Fjord through the villages of Øystese and Ålvik and the north side of the Granvin Fjord before meeting Norwegian National Road 13 in Voss Municipality.

Norwegian National Road 13
National Road 13 (Norwegian: Riksvei 13, Rv13) is a national road which runs from the town of Stavanger in Rogaland county to the village of Sogndalsfjøra in Vestland county.  The route is 449.9 kilometers (279.6 mi) long and runs south–north through Rogaland and Vestland counties, following a more inland path than the European route E39 highway.

Prior to 2019, the northern terminus of the road was at the village of Balestrand, but in 2019, the section of Norwegian County Road 55 from Balestrand to Sogndalsfjøra was added to National Road 13, extending it all the way to Sogndalsfjøra. In 2020, a new tunnel was opened between Stavanger and Tau, Ryfylke Tunnel, the world's deepest public road tunnel. National Road 13 was then rerouted through this tunnel, making it end in Stavanger instead of Sandnes. The road between Tau and Sandnes which has a ferry crossing (Oanes to Lauvika across the Høgsfjorden) became a county road.
Mayowa Tijani
Oluwamayowa Tijani is a Nigerian journalist, public speaker, fact-checker and the editor-at-large of TheCable. In 2023, he led the development of Nigeria's first disability and inclusion news app, TheCable DINA. He's a graduate of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan; the Nigerian Institute of Journalism, Lagos; and holds a master's degree in media Practice for Development and Social Change from the University of Sussex—via the UK government Chevening scholarship.

Chevening Scholarship
The Chevening Scholarship is an international scholarship, funded by the British Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and partner organizations, that enables foreign students to study at universities in the United Kingdom. Chevening Scholarship is highly competitive with an acceptance rate around two percent from tens of thousands of applicants from all over the world.
Dave Watson (racing driver)
Dave Watson (born November 7, 1945) is an American racing driver from Milton, Wisconsin. Watson was the 1977 USAC Stock Car Rookie of the Year. He raced five NASCAR Winston Cup (now Sprint Cup Series) races with one top-ten finish. Watson won in the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA), Grand American and IMSA.

Grand-Am Road Racing
Grand-Am Road Racing or Grand-Am was an auto racing sanctioning body that was established in 1999 to organize road racing competitions in North America. Its primary focus was the Rolex Sports Car Series, an endurance racing championship series. It sanctioned five auto racing series. The series announced in September 2012 that it would be merging with the American Le Mans Series, which had been Grand-Am's main US competitor since its inception. The two series fully merged in 2014 under the banner of the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship, with the International Motor Sports Association.
Rushworth College
The College of Saint John the Evangelist of Rushworth, commonly called Rushworth College, was a college in the present-day village of Rushford in Norfolk. It was founded in 1342 by Edmund Gonville, the original founder of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, as a small community of priests dedicated to saying chantries for Gonville and his heirs. The college existed until the English Reformation when its lands and endowment were subsumed into Gonville Hall.

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College, commonly known as Caius (/kiːz/ KEEZ), is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1348 by Edmund Gonville, it is the fourth-oldest of the University of Cambridge's 31 colleges and one of the wealthiest. In 1557, it was refounded by John Caius, an alumnus and English physician.

The college has been attended by many students who have gone on to significant accomplishment, including fifteen Nobel Prize winners, the second-largest number of any Oxbridge college.

Several streets in the city, including Harvey Road, Glisson Road, and Gresham Road, are named after Gonville and Caius alumni. The college and its masters have been influential in the development of the university, including in the founding of other colleges, including Trinity Hall and Darwin College and providing land on Sidgwick Site on which the Faculty of Law was built.
Photocure
Photocure ASA is a Norwegian specialty pharma company that develops and sells pharmaceuticals and medical devices based on proprietary photodynamic technology. Photocure's strategy in cancer is to continue the commercialization of Hexvix for bladder cancer diagnostics, and continue the development of the cancer portfolio and out-license prior to phase III studies. This strategy is based on a strong platform of intellectual property in photodynamic therapy.

Hexaminolevulinate
Hexaminolevulinate, sold under the brand name Cysview among others, is an imaging agent that lights up under blue light during a blue light cystoscopy. It is used to help detect non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), in particular papillary tumors and carcinoma in situ (CIS).

Hexaminolevulinate is a structural analogue to 5-aminolevulinic acid (a precursor to the porphyrin ring of heme), and is internalized and processed into the photoactive protoporphyrin IX at a high rate by tumor cells. After exposure to 360-450 nm light, the porphyrin will fluoresce red.
Shirring
Shirring is a decorative sewing technique that involves stitching together many rows of gathered fabrics. Shirring reduces the size of the original fabric while adding texture to the resulting decorative fabric.

In sewing, shirring is two or more rows of gathers that are used to decorate parts of garments, usually the sleeves, bodice or yoke.  The term is also sometimes used to refer to the pleats seen in stage curtains.

In the construction of digital 3D clothing shirring can be accomplished by applying a displacement map or normal map when rendering the digital clothing models in a render engine.

Pleat
A pleat (plait in older English) is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place. It is commonly used in clothing and upholstery to narrow a wide piece of fabric through gathering.

Pleats are categorized as pressed, that is, ironed or otherwise heat-set into a sharp crease, or unpressed, falling in soft rounded folds. Pleats sewn into place are called tucks.
Sheila Heaney
Sheila Anne Elizabeth Heaney, CB, MBE, TD (11 June 1917 – 1 February 1991) was a British Army officer. She joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service shortly before the Second World War and served in the UK, East Africa and Palestine. In 1949, she transferred to the newly formed Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC). Heaney rose through the ranks and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire. She was promoted to the rank of brigadier, appointed director of the WRAC and aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II in 1970. As part of her role as director Heaney visited the United States to study the integration of women into their army and recommended that the process proceed in the UK on a more gradual basis. She instituted changes to make it easier for women in the British Army to choose their branch of service. After her retirement in 1973, she lived in Edinburgh where she volunteered with the Women's Royal Voluntary Service and supported a local hospice.

Women in the United States Army
There have been women in the United States Army since the Revolutionary War, and women continue to serve in it today. As of 2020, there were 74,592 total women on active duty in the US Army, with 16,987 serving as officers and 57,605 enlisted. While the Army has the highest number of total active duty members, the ratio of women-men is lower than the US Air Force and the US Navy, with women making up 15.5% of total active duty Army in 2020.