hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gymnura lessae
Gymnura lessae, or Lessa's butterfly ray, is a cartilaginous fish (batoid) species of butterfly ray (Gymnura). Native to the coastlines stretching from Massachusetts, US to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. It is named after Rosângela Lessa, a prominent figure in shark and ray conservation.

Initially, G. lessae was thought to be the same species as Gymnura micrura, however and primarily because of internal morphological differences, Gymnura lessae was redescribed as a new species.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Stateville Penitentiary Malaria Study
The Stateville Penitentiary malaria study was a controlled but ethically questionable study of the effects of malaria on prisoners of Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois, in the 1940s, conducted by the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago in conjunction with the United States Army and the State Department. The Stateville experiment was viewed as coercive because it offered shortened sentences to participants. The Green report was written about it by Andrew Conway Ivy in 1945 and used in the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, which affected the Nuremberg Code, and to discuss how medical experimentation on prisoners should be carried out.

Andrew Conway Ivy
Andrew Conway Ivy (February 25, 1893 – February 7, 1978) was an American physician. He was appointed by the American Medical Association as its representative at the Doctors' Trial, and later fell into disrepute for advocating the fraudulent drug Krebiozen.
Butler English
Butler English, also known as Bearer English, or Kitchen English is a dialect of English that first developed as an occupational dialect during the British colonial period in India. It receives its name from the British head of household, butlers, as it was commonly used in conversation between English masters and their Indian household staff. It represents one of several varieties of English that emerged during this time, collectively referred to as Indian English.

Indian English
Indian English (IndE, IE) or English (India) is a group of English dialects spoken in the Republic of India and among the Indian diaspora and is native to India. English is one of the two languages used by the Government of India for communication, and is enshrined in the Constitution of India. English is also an official language in eight states and seven union territories of India, and the additional official language in five other states and one union territory. India has one of the world’s largest English-speaking communities. Furthermore, English is the sole official language of the Judiciary of India, unless the state governor or legislature mandates the use of a regional language, or if the President of India has given approval for the use of regional languages in courts.

Before the dissolution of the British Empire on the Indian subcontinent, the term Indian English broadly referred to South Asian English, also known as British Indian English.
Operation Argus
Operation Argus was a series of United States low-yield, high-altitude nuclear weapons tests and missile tests secretly conducted from 27 August to 9 September 1958 over the South Atlantic Ocean. The tests were performed by the Defense Nuclear Agency.

The tests were to study the Christofilos effect, which suggested it was possible to defend against Soviet nuclear missiles by exploding a small number of nuclear bombs high over the South Pacific. This would create a disk of electrons over the United States that would overload the electronics on the Soviet warheads as they descended. It was also possible to use the effect to blind Soviet radars, meaning that any Soviet missile-based ABM system would be unable to attack the US counterstrike.

The tests demonstrated that the effect did occur, but that it dissipated too rapidly to be very effective. Papers concerning the topic were published the next year, emphasizing the events as purely scientific endeavors.

Defense Threat Reduction Agency
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is both a defense agency and a combat support agency within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) for countering weapons of mass destruction (WMD; chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosives) and supporting the nuclear enterprise. Its stated mission is to provide "cross-cutting solutions to enable the Department of Defense, the United States Government, and international partners to Deter strategic attack against the United States and its allies; Prevent, reduce, and counter WMD and emerging threats; and Prevail against WMD-armed adversaries in crisis and conflict." DTRA is headquartered in Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The DTRA mission, organization and management, responsibilities and functions, relationships, authorities, and administration are defined in DoD Directive 5105.62, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).
Abbé Pierre sexual abuse scandal
The Abbé Pierre sexual abuse scandal regards the numerous sexual assaults that French Catholic priest and Emmaus charity organization founder Abbé Pierre allegedly committed over a period from the 1950s to the 2000s, in addition to the complicity and lack of action by multiple religious and humanitarian organizations associated with Pierre towards such cases until 2024. These cases were revealed on 17 July 2024 by the publication of a report commissioned from the Egaé firm by Emmaüs International.

Emmaus (charity)
Emmaus (French: Emmaüs, pronounced [e.ma.ys]) is an international solidarity movement founded in Paris in 1949 by Catholic priest and Capuchin friar Abbé Pierre to combat poverty and homelessness. Since 1971 regional and national initiatives have been grouped under a parent organization, Emmaus International, now run by Jean Rousseau, representing 425 groups in 41 countries, offering a range of charitable services.

Emmaus is a secular organisation, but communities around the world have kept the name because of its symbolism. The biblical story, found in the Gospel of Luke, describes how two men saw the resurrected Jesus on the road to the town of Emmaus, and so regained hope. The organization's guiding principle can be found in the Universal Manifesto of Emmaus International:

Serve those worse off than yourself before yourself. Serve the most needy first.
South Korean order of precedence
The Republic of Korea has no officially recognized South Korean order of precedence, yet the Office of the President (EOP) once officially declared order of precedence among the chiefs of 6 highest constitutional institutions in year 2006 as following:

the President of the Republic of Korea, as both head of state and leader of government

the Speaker of the National Assembly, as leader of legislature

the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the President of the Constitutional Court, as co-leader of the judiciary

the Prime Minister, as deputy leader of government

the Chairperson of the National Election Commission, as leader of the constitutionally independent agency for national election administration

President of the Constitutional Court of Korea
The president of the Constitutional Court of Korea (Korean: 헌법재판소장; Hanja: 憲法裁判所長; RR: Heonbeopjaepansojang) is the chief justice of the Constitutional Court of Korea. As presiding judge of a full bench composed of nine justices, the president represents the Constitutional Court of Korea.

The president of the Constitutional Court of Korea is regarded as one of two equivalent heads of judicial branch in Government of South Korea. The second is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Korea. The equivalent status of the president of the Constitutional Court to the chief justice is guaranteed by article 15 of Constitutional Court Act. Kim Sang-hwan is the current president of the Constitutional Court of Korea.
Jim Gibbons (Irish politician)
James M. Gibbons (2 August 1924 – 20 December 1997) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Agriculture from 1970 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979, Minister for Defence from 1969 to 1970 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance from 1965 to 1969. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency from 1957 to 1981 and February 1982 to November 1982. He also served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1973 to 1977.

Minister for Defence (Ireland)
The Minister for Defence (Irish: An tAire Cosanta) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Defence. The current Minister for Defence is Helen McEntee, TD. She is also Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

The department is responsible for the Irish Defence Forces. The Ministers and Secretaries Acts 1924 assigned the minister the additional title of Commander-in-Chief as the Chairman of the Council of Defence. The Defence Act 1954 removed this title, as a result of the reconstitution of the Council of Defence. The President of Ireland, a largely ceremonial role, is considered the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces. In practice, the Minister acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Irish Government. The Minister for Defence is advised by the Council of Defence on the business of the Department of Defence.

The Minister is assisted by a Minister of State at the Department of Defence, Thomas Byrne, TD.
People's Redemption Party
The People's Redemption Party is a social democratic political party in Nigeria. The Second Republic reincarnation of the Northern Elements Progressive Union and the Fourth Republican reincarnation of a similar namesake, the party was created by the supporters of Mallam Aminu Kano after his withdrawal from the National Party of Nigeria. Established in 1978, it is the longest surviving political party in Nigeria's history.

The original party was banned after the 1983 military coup led by General Muhammadu Buhari. In the Fourth Republic, the party with the same name resurfaced under the leadership of Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa but could not gather the same level of support as its Second Republic namesake.

Fourth Nigerian Republic
The Fourth Republic is the current republican government of Nigeria. Since 1999, it has governed the country according to the fourth republican constitution. Nigeria adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 29 May 1999.
Madeleine Riffaud
Marie-Madeleine Riffaud (23 August 1924 – 6 November 2024) was a French Resistance fighter, poet, journalist and war correspondent. After active resistance to the German occupation of France during World War II, she reported for  the Communist newspaper L'Humanité and other left-wing publications on the Algerian War (during which she survived an assassination attempt) and on the French, and subsequently American, wars in Vietnam. Her reporting on Vietnam was informed by four years she spent in the North in the early 1950s, and in the 1960s by the connections she developed in the South with the Viet Cong.

Her first poetry collection, Le Poing Fermé (The Clenched Fist), including poems written in prison, was published in 1945. A memoir giving them context, On l'appelait Rainer (Called Rainer), appeared in 1994.

L'Humanité
L'Humanité (French pronunciation: [lymanite] ⓘ, lit. 'Humanity') is a French daily newspaper. It was previously a de facto organisation of the SFIO, and thereafter of the French Communist Party (PCF), to which it still maintains links. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, L'Humanité would not exist."
Moving On (Zhang Liyin song)
"Moving On" is a song recorded by Zhang Liyin. It was released as her second single on October 29, 2009 and in South Korea on October 30, 2009 by SM. The song is a remake of Ana Bárbara's "Deja" (2003) and the B-side "Love Me" is a remake of a song called "Baila".

SM Entertainment
SM Entertainment Co., Ltd. (Korean: SM엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean multinational entertainment agency established in 1995 by Lee Soo-man. It is one of South Korea's largest entertainment companies and has been responsible for fostering and popularizing the careers of many K-pop stars garnering huge global fanbases. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. SM Entertainment is known for having led the worldwide K-pop phenomenon and the musical side of "Hallyu", also known as the "Korean Wave", with early overseas successes such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and BoA.

The label currently represents K-pop artists such as Kangta, TVXQ, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Exo, Red Velvet, NCT, Aespa, Riize, Naevis, and Hearts2Hearts.
Sonic Bullets: 13 from the Hip
Sonic Bullets: 13 From the Hip is the third studio album released by Croatian surf rock band The Bambi Molesters. The album was recorded in Novo Mesto, Slovenia, and various locations in Seattle. It features numerous guest musicians, including Scott McCaughey of Young Fresh Fellows and The Minus 5, Peter Buck of R.E.M. and The Minus 5, Chris Eckman of The Walkabouts, Terry Lee Hale, and Jorge Eduardo "Speedy" Martinez of The Flaming Sideburns.

The Walkabouts
The Walkabouts were an American rock band formed in Seattle, Washington in 1984. The core members were vocalist Carla Torgerson and vocalist and songwriter Chris Eckman. Although the rest of the lineup changed occasionally, for most of the time the other members were Michael Wells, Glenn Slater and Terri Moeller.

The band drew inspiration from folk and country music, particularly Townes Van Zandt, Neil Young and Johnny Cash, but also from other types of artists and musical styles such as Scott Walker, Leonard Cohen, French chanson and Jacques Brel. Their sound was typically rich, with string arrangements and keyboards in addition to the standard rock instruments.

The Walkabouts achieved commercial success and a strong fanbase in Europe, where they had done promotion and extensive touring starting from the early 1990s. They occasionally even made it high on the record charts in countries such as Greece and Norway.
U.S. Route 250 in Virginia
U.S. Route 250 (US 250) is a part of the U.S. Highway System that runs from Sandusky, Ohio to Richmond, Virginia.  In Virginia, the highway runs 166.74 miles (268.34 km) from the West Virginia state line near Hightown east to its eastern terminus at US 360 in Richmond.  US 250 is the main east–west highway of Highland County, which is known as Virginia's Little Switzerland; the highway follows the path of the 19th century Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike.  From Staunton east to Richmond, the highway serves as the local complement to Interstate 64 (I-64), roughly following the 18th century Three Notch'd Road through Waynesboro and Charlottesville on its way through the Shenandoah Valley, its crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Rockfish Gap, and the Piedmont.  In the Richmond metropolitan area, US 250 is known as Broad Street, a major thoroughfare through the city's West End and downtown areas.

Downtown Richmond, Virginia
37°32′44″N 77°26′20″W﻿ / ﻿37.54556°N 77.43889°W﻿ / 37.54556; -77.43889

Downtown Richmond is the central business district of Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is generally defined as being bound by Belvidere Street to the west, I-95 to the north and east, and the James River to the south. The Fan district borders it to the west, Highland Park to the north, Church Hill to the east, and Manchester to the south.
Naftali Tzvi Labin of Ziditshov
Naftali (also spelled Naftula) Tzvi Labin of Zidichov (נפתלי צבי לאבין מזידיטשוב‎) (c. 1916 – March 6, 2009) was the Zidichover Rebbe. He was born in Ziditshoiv, Ukraine, which was then a province of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, His father was a descendant of Rabbi Zvi Hirsch of Zidichov and one of his successors. He later replanted the movement in London, and then in Brooklyn and Monticello, New York, United States.

Labin was very close to many rebbes of the previous generation, including Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar, Rabbi Aharon Rokeach of Belz, Rebbe Moshe Yitzchak Gevirtzman (Reb Itzikl) of Pshevorsk, and Rebbe Yaakov Leiser (Reb Yankele) of Pshevorsk.

Rebbe
A rebbe (Yiddish: רבי, romanized: rebe) or admor (Hebrew: אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities  of its dynasties. The titles of rebbe and admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.
Desmond Harrison (American football)
Desmond Harrison (born October 8, 1993) is a former American football offensive tackle who played one season with the Cleveland Browns, during which he played in 8 games. He also went to camp with the Arizona Cardinals. He played college football at Contra Costa College and later West Georgia; and in between he was with the Texas Longhorns where he lettered but did not play.

West Georgia Wolves football
The West Georgia Wolves football program represents the University of West Georgia (UWG) in college football. Previously an NCAA Division II team, they became a Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) program as a member of the United Athletic Conference (UAC), effective July 1, 2024.
Goodman School of Business
The Goodman School of Business (colloquially referred to as Goodman) is the business school of Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The business school offers programs at both the undergraduate and graduate level of study.

The Goodman School of Business is among the top five per cent of business schools worldwide to attain accreditation by the AACSB as well as membership in Beta Gamma Sigma.

On October 12, 2012 Brock announced that its Faculty of Business was being renamed as the Goodman School of Business. The School is named after the family of Ned Goodman, the businessman and investment expert, who provided the University with a transformational gift to the school.

Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business
The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) is an American professional and accreditation organization. It was founded as the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business in 1916 to provide accreditation to business schools.: 2  AACSB is one of three business program accreditors.

Not all members of the association are accredited;: 92  the association also does not accredit for-profit schools. In 2019, the association received ISO 9001 certification. The association was once known as the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business and as the International Association for Management Education.
Pasig River Ferry Service
The Pasig River Ferry Service (PRFS) is a public water bus service based in Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is currently the only water-based transportation service in Metro Manila that cruises the length of the Pasig River and Marikina River, passing through the cities of Manila, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig, Marikina, and Taguig.

Originally owned and operated by a private company, SCC Nautical Transport Services Incorporated, the service was suspended in February 2011, but was reopened on April 28, 2014, and is currently owned and operated by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, together with the Philippine Coast Guard. Although the service is commonly referred to as a ferry, it is more akin to a water bus given its multiple stops.

Philippine Coast Guard
The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG; Filipino: Tanod Baybayin ng Pilipinas) is the third armed uniformed service of the country attached to the Philippines' Department of Transportation, tasked primarily with enforcing laws within Philippine waters, conducting maritime security operations, safeguarding life and property at sea, and protecting marine environment and resources; similar to coast guard units around the world. In case of a declaration of war, the Coast Guard shall also serve as an attached service of the Department of National Defense.

It currently maintains a presence throughout the archipelago, with sixteen Coast Guard Districts, fifty-four CG Stations and over one hundred ninety Coast Guard Sub-Stations, from Basco, Batanes to Bongao, Tawi-Tawi.
Static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away as an electric current or by electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from current electricity, where an electric charge flows through an electrical conductor.

A static electric charge can be created whenever two surfaces contact and/or slide against each other and then separate. The effects of static electricity are familiar to most people because they can feel, hear, and even see sparks if the excess charge is neutralized when brought close to an electrical conductor (for example, a path to ground), or a region with an excess charge of the opposite polarity (positive or negative). The familiar phenomenon of a static shock – more specifically, an electrostatic discharge – is caused by the neutralization of a charge.

Electric discharge
In electromagnetism, an  electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas (i.e., an outgoing flow of electric current through a non-metal medium).
Kadavul
Kadavul (transl. God) is a 1997 Indian Tamil language film directed by Velu Prabhakaran. The film stars Velu Prabhakaran, Manivannan, Arun Pandiyan, Mansoor Ali Khan and Roja. It was released on 5 December 1997. Despite having controversial themes, the film was well received.

Arun Pandian
Arun Pandian is an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who predominantly works in Tamil films. He began his career as an actor as part of the critically acclaimed film Oomai Vizhigal (1986). After retiring from acting, he took the post of chief producer for the London-based Ayngaran International, a film production and distribution company, however, he later started his own production and distribution company A&P Groups.

He is the secretary of South Indian Film Financiers Association (Siffa) and he is also the president of South Indian Film Exporters Association (Sifea).
Terry Wilson (quarterback)
Terry Wilson Jr. (born January 14, 1998) is an American professional football quarterback for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Oregon Ducks, Garden City Broncbusters, Kentucky Wildcats and New Mexico Lobos. He played for the Houston Gamblers of the United States Football League (USFL) from 2022 to 2023.

New Mexico Lobos football
The New Mexico Lobos football team is the intercollegiate football team at the University of New Mexico. The Lobos compete as a member of the Mountain West Conference. Their official colors are cherry and silver. The Lobos play their home games at University Stadium (Albuquerque).
Masoudieh Mansion
The Masoudieh Mansion (Persian: عمارت مسعودیه, romanized: Emarat-e Masoudieh) is a historic mansion in Tehran, Iran. It was built as a residence for the Qajar prince Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan in 1878, hence the name Masoudieh.

Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan (Persian: مسعود میرزا ظل‌السلطان, lit. 'Mass'oud Mirza the Sultan's Shadow'; 5 January 1850 in Tabriz – 2 July 1918 in Isfahan), or Massud Mirza, was an Iranian prince of the Qajar dynasty; he was known as the "Yamin-od-Dowleh" ("Right Hand of the Government"). He was posted as the governor of Isfahan for over 35 years, and the governor of Mazandaran, Fars, and Isfahan for a total of 40 years.