hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kauri dieback
Kauri dieback is a forest dieback disease of the native kauri trees (Agathis australis) of New Zealand that is suspected to be caused by the oomycete Phytophthora agathidicida. Symptoms can include root rot and associated rot in a collar around the base of the tree, bleeding resin, yellowing and chlorosis of the leaves followed by extensive defoliation, and finally, death.

Defoliant
A defoliant is any herbicidal chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause their leaves to fall off. Defoliants are widely used for the selective removal of weeds in managing croplands and lawns. Worldwide use of defoliants, along with the development of other herbicides and pesticides, allowed for the Green Revolution, an increase in agricultural production in mid-20th century. Defoliants have also been used in warfare as a means to deprive an enemy of food crops and/or hiding cover, most notably by the United Kingdom during the Malayan Emergency and the United States in the Vietnam War. Defoliants were also used by Indonesian forces in various internal security operations.
Wilmot Park
Wilmot Park is an urban park in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, located across Woodstock Road from Government House.

The area was originally proposed for use as either a public park or pleasure ground by its owner, William Hunter Odell, who, in 1860, offered to donate the land to the city. The city declined his proposal, which had included a provision that would have spared his remaining property from taxation. However, a committee of citizens accepted the land from Odell and, on August 6, 1860, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) declared it open. However, the area remained largely undeveloped for the next several years, with the city describing it during this time as a pleasure ground. In 1894, Edward H. Wilmot bought the land. Wilmot began work on developing the property into a park and, the following year, he donated it to the city, with the provision that it bear his surname. In 1984, Queen Elizabeth II visited the park.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Lafayette Memorial
The Lafayette Memorial is a public memorial located in Brooklyn's Prospect Park in New York City. The memorial, designed by sculptor Daniel Chester French and architect Henry Bacon, was dedicated in 1917 and consists of a bas-relief of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette alongside a groom (speculated by some historians to be James Armistead Lafayette) and a horse.

Daniel Chester French
Daniel Chester French (April 20, 1850 – October 7, 1931) was an American sculptor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His works include The Minute Man, an 1874 statue in Concord, Massachusetts, and his 1920 monumental statue of Abraham Lincoln at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase
In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase (EC 5.1.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA  (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, and one product, (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA 3-epimerase. Other names in common use include 3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A epimerase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase.  This enzyme participates in fatty acid metabolism and butanoate metabolism.

Epimerase and racemase
Epimerases and racemases are isomerase enzymes that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry in biological molecules. 
Racemases catalyze the stereochemical inversion around the asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry. Epimerases catalyze the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry, thus interconverting epimers.

Human epimerases include methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, involved in the metabolic breakdown of the amino acids alanine, isoleucine, methionine and valine, and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, which is used in the final step of galactose metabolism - catalyzing the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose.
The Cobi Troupe
The Cobi Troupe is a Spanish animated television series produced by the Olympic Organizing Committee Barcelona'92 and BRB Internacional. With creative and artistic direction by Javier Mariscal, screenplay by Tricicle and music by Xavier Capellas, it recounts the adventures of Cobi, the official mascot of the 1992 Summer Olympics, his friend Petra, the official mascot of the 1992 Summer Paralympics, and their group of friends.

Tricicle
Tricicle (Catalan: [tɾiˈsi.klə]) is a Spanish physical-comedy group consisting of Joan Gràcia, Francesc ''Paco'' Mir, and Carles Sans. Founded in 1979, the group initially performed short sketches in public spaces and alternative venues. The members were students at Barcelona's Institut del Teatre, where they specialized in pantomime and dramatic arts.

In 1982 they made their professional circuit debut at the Sala Villarroel in Barcelona. Their show consisted of a compilation of sketches developed during their time performing in "cafés-teatro" (bars and cafés offering live performances). The production, titled Manicomic, achieved both critical and commercial success and won a prize at the Sitges International Theatre Festival that same year.
Mike Fletcher (rugby league)
Mike Fletcher (born 14 April 1967) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a fullback, or centre. He spent almost his entire club career at Hull Kingston Rovers, and is the club's record point scorer. He also played for Hunslet Hawks. At representative level, Fletcher appeared for Great Britain under-21s, and in a Humberside XIII.

Hunslet R.L.F.C.
Hunslet R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club in Beeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at South Leeds Stadium and compete in Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

The club was formed as a Phoenix club after the original Hunslet club folded.
Francisco Pacheco (poet)
Francisco Pacheco (baptised 22 November 1535 – 10 October 1599) was a Spanish theologian, humanist, poet, and writer. Contemporary sources often refer to him as El Licenciado Pacheco or El Canónigo Pacheco.

Miguel de Cervantes, in his La Galatea, which he finished writing between 1580 and 1584, dedicates his tribute to Pacheco before that of any other Sevillian poet, including Fernando de Herrera, as well as dedicating him two octaves as opposed to the one each he dedicates to the others.

Fernando de Herrera
Fernando de Herrera (~1534–1597), called "El Divino", was a 16th-century Spanish poet and man of letters. He was born in Seville. Much of what is known about him comes from Libro de descripción de verdaderos retratos de illustres y memorables varones (Book of the Description of the True Portraits of Illustrious and Memorable Men) (1599) by Francisco Pacheco.
Michelle De La Isla
Michelle De La Isla (born March 19, 1976) is an American politician who served as the mayor of Topeka, Kansas from 2018 to 2022. She previously served on the Topeka City Council from 2013 to 2018. De La Isla was the city's first Latina and single mother to serve as mayor. She was the Democratic nominee for Kansas's 2nd congressional district in the 2020 election, but lost.

Kansas's 2nd congressional district
Kansas' 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kansas that covers most of the eastern part of the state, except for the core of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. The district encompasses less than a quarter of the state. The state capital of Topeka, the cities of Emporia, Junction City and Leavenworth and most of Kansas City are located within this district. The district is currently represented by Republican Derek Schmidt.
Laura Pigossi
Laura Pigossi Herrmann de Andrade (Portuguese: [ˈlawɾɐ piˈɡɔsi]; born 2 August 1994) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 100 by the WTA, achieved on 29 August 2022 and a best doubles ranking of No. 80, reached on 1 December 2025. Her most notable achievement was a bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in doubles, with countrywoman Luisa Stefani.

Pigossi plays mostly on the WTA Challenger Tour, where she has won one title in singles and three in doubles. On the ITF Circuit, she earned nine singles and 43 doubles titles.

Playing for Brazil Billie Jean King Cup team since 2013, Pigossi has a win-loss record of 9–9 in competition, as of September 2024.

Nadia Podoroska
Nadia Natacha Podoroska (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌnaðja poðoˈɾoska]; born 10 February 1997) is an Argentine professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 36, achieved on 12 July 2021 and a best doubles ranking of No. 62, attained on 18 October 2021.

Podoroska has won one WTA Tour title in doubles at 2017 Copa Colsanitas, with Beatriz Haddad Maia. She also earned three WTA Challenger Tour singles trophies and multiple titles on the ITF Circuit.

Podoroska competed for Argentina at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Reactions to the 8 January Brasília attacks
Many journalists compared the events of the 8 January Brasília attacks to the January 6 United States Capitol attack almost exactly two years earlier. Several newspapers, including O Globo, Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo, characterised what happened as terrorism. O Estado de S. Paulo and El Mundo described the event as an attempted coup d'état. On 9 January, tens of thousands of people attended rallies against the rioters in many Brazilian cities. The Supreme Federal Court considered the attacks as terrorist acts.

Supreme Federal Court
The Supreme Federal Court (Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal Federal, [suˈpɾẽmu tɾibuˈnaw fedeˈɾaw], abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the country's constitutional court. It is the highest court of law in Brazil for constitutional issues and its rulings cannot be appealed. On cases involving exclusively non-constitutional issues, regarding federal laws, the highest court is, by rule, the Superior Court of Justice.
Ashippun River
The Ashippun River is a 33.2-mile-long (53.4 km) tributary of the Rock River in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States.  The Ashippun's watershed lies in Dodge, Washington and Waukesha counties. Its tributaries include Mud Run, Dawson Creek and Davey Creek.

Rock River (Mississippi River tributary)
The Rock River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 299 miles (481 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois. The river was known as the Sinnissippi to the Sauk and Meskwaki peoples; the name means "rocky waters".
White Noise Owl
White Noise Owl is a rock supergroup composed of lead vocalist Pete Murray of Lo-Pro and Ultraspank, bassist John Fahnestock of Lo-Pro, Snot, and Amen, drummer Will Hunt of Evanescence and Dark New Day, and guitarist Chris Shy of Aurora Sky. Their debut EP, produced by Ben Grosse, Until We Meet Again, was released on March 11, 2014. After a series of delays, their debut full-length album, Condition Critical, is scheduled for release on November 1, 2019. The first single, "Something", was released on August 1, 2017.

Ben Grosse
Ben Grosse is an American record producer and mixer. Grosse has mixed and produce albums for numerous music industry acts, primary in the heavy metal and hard rock genres. His credits include Dream Theater, Marilyn Manson, Sevendust, Disturbed, Breaking Benjamin, Filter, Fuel, Depeche Mode, Richard Barone, Alter Bridge, Red, Vertical Horizon, Love and Death, Starset, Hollywood Undead, Ben Folds, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Underoath, and Vattica, among others.

He has produced the songs "Higher Ground" by Red Hot Chili Peppers, "Ready to Go" by Republica, "Graduate" (from the Can't Hardly Wait soundtrack) by Third Eye Blind, and "She Don't Use Jelly" by the Flaming Lips. He also co-produced the Billboard  number-one song "Everything You Want" by Vertical Horizon. He owns the North Hollywood-based music studio complex The Mix Room.
Antonio Ereditato
Antonio Ereditato (Napoli, 2 June 1955) is an Italian physicist, currently Research Professor at the University of Chicago, associate researcher at Fermilab, Batavia, USA, and Emeritus professor at the University of Bern, Switzerland, where he has been Director of the Laboratory for High Energy Physics from 2006 to 2020. From 2021 to 2022 Ereditato has been Visiting Professor at the Yale University, USA. 
He carried out research activities in the field of experimental neutrino physics, of weak interactions and strong interactions with experiments conducted at CERN, in Japan, at Fermilab in United States and at the LNGS in Italy. Ereditato has accomplished several R&D studies on particle detectors: wire chambers, calorimeters, time projection chambers, nuclear emulsions, detectors for medical applications.

University of Bern
The University of Bern (German: Universität Bern, French: Université de Berne, Latin: Universitas Bernensis) is a public research university in the Swiss capital of Bern. It was founded in 1834. It is regulated and financed by the canton of Bern. It is a comprehensive university offering a broad choice of courses and programs in eight faculties and some 150 institutes. With around 19,000 students, the University of Bern is the third largest university in Switzerland.
2018 North Carolina teachers' walkout
The 2018 North Carolina teachers' rally was a rally and protest on May 16, 2018, with teachers in North Carolina walking out in protest of deflating wages and decreased employee benefits.

The rally is part of the larger wave of teachers' strikes in the United States where protests occurred in West Virginia, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Arizona.

2018 Arizona teachers' strike
The 2018 Arizona teachers' strike was held from April 26–May 3, 2018, by 20,000 teachers to protest low pay and cuts to school funding. Arizona Governor Doug Ducey had approved a proposal giving a 20 percent raise to teachers by 2020, with a 9 percent raise in 2019; teachers rejected this proposal as it did not provide increased funding for schools themselves or raises for support staff. It coincided with a similar strike in neighboring Colorado.

The walkout occurred after similar actions in West Virginia and Oklahoma, and was the third in a wave of teachers' strikes in the United States. It was the first such action by teachers in Arizona.

The strike ended on May 3, 2018, when the Government of Arizona conceded to increase funding to increase salaries for support staff and to decrease student to counselor ratios.
Wally Straughn
Wally Straughn (born 1957) is an American politician, who served as a Democratic member of the Arizona House of Representatives from 2003 to 2005.

A United States Navy veteran who served in the Vietnam War, he was first elected in the 2002 election as a member of the Democratic Party. He served on the legislature's Commerce and Military Affairs, Public Institutions and Counties, and Judiciary committees during his term in office. Openly gay, he was an outspoken supporter of efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Arizona.

Straughn was defeated in the 2004 primaries by Kyrsten Sinema and David Lujan, and did not return to elected politics thereafter.

David Lujan
David Lujan (born April 7, 1965) is an American politician who served in the Arizona legislature from 2005 until 2013. He was first elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2004 representing most of the central Phoenix area.  He served a total of three terms in the House from 2005 until 2011, and one partial term in the Senate from 2012 to 2013.  He was the House Minority Leader from 2009 to 2011.  While in the House of Representatives, Lujan was the Ranking Democrat on the House Education committee and served on the Appropriations committee.  Lujan received many awards while serving in the Arizona legislature, including being named Public Official of the Year by the National Association of Social Workers.
Jenaro Sanjinés
Jenaro Sanjinés Calderón (19 September 1843 – 1 December 1913) was a Bolivian lawyer, teacher, journalist, and politician who served as the 12th vice president of Bolivia from 1896 to 1899. He also served as second vice president alongside first vice president Rafael Peña de Flores during the administration of Severo Fernández.

Severo Fernández
Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero (15 August 1849 – 12 August 1925) was a Bolivian lawyer, jurist, and politician who served as the 24th president of Bolivia from 1896 to 1899. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as the 10th vice president of Bolivia from 1892 to 1896 under President Mariano Baptista.
Pseudoperonospora
Pseudoperonospora is a genus of water moulds which includes several species known for causing downy mildew infections on plants.

Species include:

Pseudoperonospora cannabina - causes downy mildew on hemp

Pseudoperonospora cubensis - causes downy mildew on cucurbits

Pseudoperonospora humuli - causes downy mildew on hops

Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a species of water mould known for causing downy mildew on cucurbits such as cantaloupe, cucumber, pumpkin, squash and watermelon. This water mould is an important pathogen of all these crops, especially in areas with high humidity and rainfall, such as the eastern United States. In most years the disease is an annual, late-season problem on squash and pumpkin in the eastern and central United States, however, since 2004 it has become one of the most important diseases in cucumber production.  Considered a highly destructive foliar disease of cucurbits, successful breeding in the mid-twentieth century provided adequate control of downy mildew in cucumber without the use of fungicides. The resurgence in virulence has caused growers great concern and substantial economic losses, while downy mildew in other cucurbit crops continues to be a yearly hindrance.
René Moineau
René Moineau (August 11, 1887 – October 5, 1948) was one of the French pioneers of aviation and an inventor in various branches of aeronautics and fluid mechanics. A pilot and engineer at Bréguet, he designed his own plane, the Salmson-Moineau SM-1, in 1915, then devoted himself to numerous inventions, several patented, including the Moineau pump still used in industry, and the first retractable landing gear (for which he filed the patent in 1918).

Salmson-Moineau S.M.1
The Salmson-Moineau S.M.1 A3, (later re-designated Salmson Sal. 1 A3), was a French armed three-seat biplane long range reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War designed by René Moineau for the Salmson company.
A. David Mazzone
Armando David Mazzone (June 3, 1928 – October 25, 2004) served for twenty-six years as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

"He will forever be remembered by the people of Massachusetts for his landmark rulings that led to the cleanup of Boston Harbor," United States Senator Edward M. Kennedy said to the Boston Globe shortly after Mazzone's death in October 2004.

United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in case citations, D. Mass.) is the federal district court whose territorial jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States.  The first court session was held in Boston in 1789.  The second term was held in Salem in 1790 and court session locations alternated between the two cities until 1813.  That year, Boston became the court's permanent home. A western division was opened in Springfield in 1979 and a central division was opened in Worcester in 1987.  The court's main building is the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse on Fan Pier in South Boston.

Appeals from the District of Massachusetts are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, also located in the Moakley courthouse (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
O'Connor–Parkview
O'Connor–Parkview is a neighbourhood in the East York area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. While the name is taken from the definition used by the city of Toronto, local residents are more familiar with the niche areas that define the larger neighbourhood. It is a very diverse neighbourhood that includes English-speakers and Greeks in the west, to the Tamil speakers in the east and Bengali and Urdu speakers in the south. It includes low-income highrises, to huge property lots. The smaller areas included inside the neighbourhood are Topham Park, Woodbine Gardens and Parkview Hills.

Located southeast of the Don Valley, the neighbourhood is bordered on the South by Taylor-Massey Creek (which flows west into the Don), to the east by Victoria Park Avenue and to the north by Holland Avenue.

Don River (Ontario)
The Don River is a watercourse in southern Ontario that empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Harbour. Its mouth was just east of the street grid of the town of York, Upper Canada, the municipality that evolved into Toronto, Ontario. The Don is one of the major watercourses draining Toronto (along with the Humber, and Rouge Rivers) that have headwaters in the Oak Ridges Moraine.

The Don is formed from two rivers, the East and West Branches, that meet about seven kilometres (4 mi) north of Lake Ontario while flowing southward into the lake. The area below the confluence is known as the "lower Don", and the areas above as the "upper Don". The Don is also joined at the confluence by a third major branch, Taylor-Massey Creek. The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) is responsible for managing the river and its surrounding watershed.
Don't Bet on Love
Don't Bet on Love is a 1933 American comedy film directed by Murray Roth and written by Howard Emmett Rogers, Murray Roth and Ben Ryan. The film stars Lew Ayres, Ginger Rogers, Charley Grapewin, Shirley Grey, Tom Dugan and Merna Kennedy. The film was released on July 1, 1933, by Universal Pictures.

Charley Grapewin
Charles Ellsworth Grapewin (December 20, 1869 – February 2, 1956) was an American vaudeville and circus performer, writer, and stage and film actor.

As a character actor, he worked in over one-hundred motion pictures during the silent and sound eras, mostly as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and is best known to modern audiences for portraying Uncle Henry in MGM's film adaptation of The Wizard of Oz (1939), "Grandpa" William James Joad in The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Jeeter Lester in Tobacco Road (1941), Uncle Salters in Captains Courageous  (1937), Gramp Maple in The Petrified Forest (1936), Wang's Father in The Good Earth (1937), and California Joe in They Died With Their Boots On (1941).