hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Angell
Thomas Angell (c.1616–1694) was one of the first settlers of Providence Plantation in what became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and his name appears on several of the town's earliest documents. Angell Street on Providence's East Side is named for him.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was an English colony on the eastern coast of North America, founded in 1636 by Puritan minister Roger Williams, at a settlement he originally called Providence Plantations, after his exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Joined by three other settlements soon founded on Narragansett Bay, the colony became a haven for religious dissenters and was known for its commitment to religious freedom and self-governance.

The four Narragansett Bay settlements created an official confederacy through a charter under the Patent of 1643–1644, granted by the English Parliament. It received a more comprehensive Royal Charter in 1663 from King Charles II, which established its government and guaranteed its religious liberties. Rhode Island continued as a self-governing colony until 1776, when it declared independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution, becoming the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Evarcha brinki
Evarcha brinki is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Northern Cape, South Africa. The species was first described in 2011 by Charles Haddad and Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with a carapace measuring typically 2.5 mm (0.10 in) long and an abdomen 2.1 mm (0.08 in) long. It is generally yellow, with an orange tinge to the top of the carapace and a darker, nearly black eye field. There are large black spots on the abdomen. While the majority of the legs are yellow, the front pair are brown. It is very different to other African Evarcha spiders. Its copulatory organs are distinctive, particularly the male's embolus, which is short and encircled by a very thin appendage. The female has not been described.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
1872 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Monday 1 November 1872. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

The Ballot Act 1872 received Royal Assent on 18 July 1872, introducing the 
Secret Ballot.

Six of the sixteen wards were uncontested.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Hkam Hkai Hpa of Hsenwi
Sao Long Hkam Hkai Hpa (d. 1412) was sawbwa of Hsenwi (in present-day northeastern Myanmar) from 1407/08 to 1412. A loyal vassal of Ming China, the sawbwa led a Chinese-supported expedition against Ava in 1412 during the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418). He was killed in action during the campaign.

Burmese names
Burmese names (Burmese: မြန်မာ အမည်) lack the serial structure of most Western names. Like other Mainland Southeast Asian people (except Vietnamese), the people of Myanmar have no customary matronymic or patronymic naming system and no tradition of surnames. Although other Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia introduced the use of surnames or patronyms in the early 20th century, Myanmar never introduced the use of surnames and lacks surnames in the modern day. Instead, Burmese names use an honorific prefix to reflect the person's stage in life and position in society.
Yuki Kimura
Yuki Kimura (木村 有希, Kimura Yuki; born October 23, 1996 in Kanagawa Prefecture), is a Japanese fashion model and tarento. She is better known by her stage name Yukipoyo (ゆきぽよ). She is represented by her agency VIP Models Agency. Kimura's father is Japanese, while her mother is a Filipino with some Spanish lineage.

Kimura debuted as a reader model for the fashion magazine, egg in 2012. She also thrived on the video platform Vine, with over 60 million total views. She was a participant of The Bachelor Japan, aired on Amazon Prime Video in 2017 and The Bachelor Winter Games in 2018. By late 2018, Kimura had become active as a television personality, with numerous appearances on various variety programs.

Television personalities in Japan
Television personalities in Japan, known as tarento (タレント; derived from Portuguese talento) in Japanese, are celebrities who regularly appear in mass media in Japan, especially as panelists on variety shows. During the Golden Age of Hollywood, bankable stars in the United States were described as "talents" and were distinguished from production crews, which were seen as having more technical than charismatic talents.
I-bot
The Microbric I-Bot is a small robot that was distributed as a build-it-yourself kit by the Adelaide Advertiser newspaper in South Australia in November-December 2005. It is designed to be used as an introduction to electronics and to teach robotics.

The I-Bot, now discontinued, was created by Microbric, manufactured by Tytronics, distributed by The Advertiser/Sunday Mail (Newspapers in Education) and supported by the Electronics Industry Association in Australia.

A community of I-Bot users has developed with the aid of internet forums.

The Advertiser (Adelaide)
The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. First published as a broadsheet named The South Australian Advertiser on 12 July 1858, it is currently a tabloid printed from Monday to Saturday. The Advertiser came under the ownership of Keith Murdoch in the 1950s, and the full ownership of Rupert Murdoch in 1987. It is a publication of Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd (ADV), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news. The head office was relocated from a former premises in King William Street, to a new News Corp office complex, known as Keith Murdoch House at 31 Waymouth Street.
Manley Laboratories
Manley Laboratories, LLC is an American manufacturer of pro audio and high-end audio equipment located in Chino, California.

The first MANLEY-branded products were introduced in 1989, with Manley Laboratories, Inc. becoming an independent company in 1993. The company's products include microphones, signal processors, dynamic range processors, equalizers, converters, specialized mastering products, tube audio amplifiers, integrated amplifiers, and preamplifiers.

Valve audio amplifier
A valve audio amplifier (UK) or vacuum tube audio amplifier (US) is a valve amplifier used for sound reinforcement, sound recording and reproduction.

Until the invention of solid state devices such as the transistor, all electronic amplification was produced by valve (tube) amplifiers. While solid-state devices prevail in most audio amplifiers today, valve audio amplifiers are still used where their audible characteristics are considered pleasing, for example in music performance or music reproduction.
Malden, Pennsylvania
The unincorporated hamlet of Malden is a bedroom community that is located on the historic 'Old National Pike' in borough of Centerville Washington County, Pennsylvania. Originally an early wagon stop in rural Pennsylvania, it became a small transportation hub during the surge of westward migration to the Northwest Territory after 1790.

Both Malden and the widespread rural Borough of Centerville share the 15417 postal zip code of the Brownsville, Pennsylvania post-office.

Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 209,349. Its county seat is Washington. The county is home to Washington County Airport, three miles (4.8 km) southwest of Washington. The county is part of the Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth. Southpointe is the regions largest business park with over 800 acres of office buildings, manufacturing, hotels, restaurants and a championship golf course. The park is home to corporations Ansys, Viatris, Range Resources, Lighthouse Electric, EQT, Core Natural Resources and Centimark. The current county commissioners are Nick Sherman, Electra Janis and Lawrence Maggi.
Sam Vaknin
Shmuel  "Sam" Vaknin (Hebrew: שמואל "סם" ואקנין, born April 21, 1961) is an Israeli writer. He is the author of Malignant Self Love: Narcissism Revisited (1999), was the last editor-in-chief of the now-defunct political news website Global Politician, and runs a private website about narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). He was a financial advisor for several nation states; he has also postulated a theory on chronons and time asymmetry.

Chronon
A chronon is a proposed quantum of time, that is, a discrete and indivisible "unit" of time as part of a hypothesis that proposes that time is not continuous. In simple language, a chronon is the smallest, discrete, non-decomposable unit of time.

In a one-dimensional model, a chronon is a time interval or period, while in an n-dimensional model it is a non-decomposable region in n-dimensional time.
A New Start (Arrested Development)
"A New Start" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the American television satirical sitcom Arrested Development. It is the 58th overall episode of the series, and was written by co-executive producer Dean Lorey and executive producer Jim Vallely, and directed by series creator Mitchell Hurwitz and executive producer Troy Miller. It originally released on May 26, 2013 with the rest of the season, and was distributed by Netflix.

The series, narrated by Ron Howard, follows the Bluths, a formerly wealthy, dysfunctional family, who made their money from property development. The Bluth family consists of Michael, his adopted sister Lindsay, his older brother Gob, his younger brother Buster, their mother Lucille and father George Sr., as well as Michael's son George-Michael, and Lindsay and her husband Tobias' daughter Maeby. Each episode of the season follows a different character, with this episode focusing on Tobias and his romance with Debrie Bardeaux.

Arrested Development season 4
The fourth season of the American television satirical sitcom series Arrested Development premiered on Netflix on May 26, 2013, and consists of 15 episodes.  It serves as a revival to the series after it was canceled by Fox in 2006.

The storyline centers on the Bluth family, a formerly wealthy, habitually dysfunctional family, and the show incorporates hand-held camera work, narration, archival photos, and historical footage.

Unlike other seasons, each episode of the fourth season occurs over approximately the same stretch of time, but focuses on a different character. Information on events depicted in a given episode is often partial and filled in by later episodes. In 2018, a recut version of the season was released, titled Season 4 Remix: Fateful Consequences. In contrast to the original cut, it presented the events in chronological order.
Chemically modified electrode
A chemically modified electrode is an electrical conductor that has its surface modified for different electrochemical functions. Chemically modified electrodes are made using advanced approaches to electrode  systems by adding a thin film or layer of certain chemicals to change properties of the conductor according to its targeted function.

At a modified electrode, an oxidation-reduction substance accomplishes electrocatalysis by transferring electrons from the electrode to a reactant, or a reaction substrate.

Modifying electrodes' surfaces has been one of the most active areas of research interest in electrochemistry since 1979, providing control over how electrodes interacts with their environments.

Layer (electronics)
In electronic engineering, a layer is the deposition of molecules on a substrate or base (glass, ceramic,  semiconductor, or [bio]plastic). High temperature substrates include stainless steel, polyimide film, and PET.

Generally, a layer with a depth of less than one micrometre is called a thin film, while a depth greater than one micrometre is called a coating.
Jim Weir
James McIntosh Weir (born 15 June 1969) is a Scottish professional football player and coach who manages Scottish League Two club Forfar Athletic. Weir played in the senior Scottish leagues for Hamilton Academical, Hearts and St. Johnstone. He has also worked as manager of Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin City and Elgin City.

Hamilton Academical F.C.
Hamilton Academical Football Club, often known as Hamilton Accies, or The Accies, is a Scottish football club from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, who currently compete in Scottish League One. They were established in 1874 from the school football team at Hamilton Academy and remain the only professional club in British football to have originated from a school team. Hamilton have won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and have finished runners-up in the Scottish Cup twice. The club play their home games at Broadwood Stadium.
Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)
The al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015) was an offensive launched by rebels during the Syrian Civil War to capture areas surrounding Jisr al-Shughur, and to establish a foothold in the al-Ghab plain, in northwestern Syria's Idlib and Hama governorates.

Jisr ash-Shughur
Jisr ash-Shughūr (Arabic: جِسْرُ ٱلشُّغُورِ, romanized: jisr aš-šuġūr, pronounced [dʒɪsr aʃ.ʃuˈɣuːr], also rendered as Jisser ash-Shughour and other spellings), known in antiquity as Seleucobelus (Greek: Σελευκόβηλος, romanized: Seleukóbēlos), is a city in the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Situated at an altitude of 170 metres (560 ft) above sea level on the Orontes river. The city was the headquarters of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria during the civil war.
Daniel Gilbert (psychologist)
Daniel Todd Gilbert (born November 5, 1957) is an American social psychologist and writer. He is the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University and is known for his research with Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia on affective forecasting. He is the author of the international bestseller Stumbling on Happiness, which has been translated into more than 30 languages and won the 2007 Royal Society Prize for Science Books. He has also written essays for several newspapers and magazines, hosted a non-fiction television series on PBS, and given three popular TED talks.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Battle of Kuialnyk
The Battle of Kuialnyk took place between the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean-Budjak-Ottoman Janissary forces, when the Cossacks were returning from their campaign in Wallachia, resulting in a Cossack victory and capture of Budjak Murza, at the beginning of 1672.

Budjak Horde
The Budjak Horde, also known as the Belgorod or Bilhorod Horde, formed part of the Nogai Horde in the 17th and  18th centuries. It settled in the northern Black Sea coast area under the protectorate of the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire's Sanjak of Ozu (Yedisan). Its capital was in Căușeni.

In the 1620s, the horde migrated from the Pontic steppes to the steppes of the Budjak region. The  Bilhorod Tatars (20,000–30,000) were nomadic herdsmen. They made forays for slaves and loot into Right-bank Ukraine and Moldavia. In 1770, the horde became a protectorate of the Russian Empire and soon after was dispersed through resettlement in the Azov steppes. From there its remnants emigrated to Turkey during the Crimean War of 1853–1856.

Prominent leaders of the horde included Khan Temir (died 1637), who allegedly established the noble Moldavian family of Cantemirești.
Constitution of Santa Fe
The Constitution of Santa Fe is the fundamental law of the Santa Fe Province, Argentina, enacted on April 14, 1962, which is based on the Argentine National Constitution and establishes the exercise of its institutions, ensuring the administration of justice, the municipal system and education.

Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe, officially Province of Santa Fe (Spanish: Provincia  de Santa Fe, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈfe], lit. "Holy Faith") is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco (divided by the 28th parallel south), Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero. Together with Córdoba and Entre Ríos, the province is part of the economico-political association known as the Center Region.

Santa Fe's most important cities are Rosario (population 1,193,605), the capital Santa Fe (369,000), Rafaela (100,000), Reconquista (99,000) Villa Gobernador Gálvez (74,000), Venado Tuerto (69,000), and Santo Tomé (58,000).
Takagi Kitakyushu Water Wave
The Takagi Kitakyushu Water Wave (タカギ北九州ウォーターウェーブ, Takagi Kitakyūshū Wōtā Wēbu) are a Japanese women's softball team based in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka. The Water Wave compete in the Japan Diamond Softball League (JD.League) as a member of the league's West Division.

Japan Diamond Softball League
The Japan Diamond Softball League (JD.League) is a Japanese women's softball league that consists of 16 teams (8 in the East Division and 8 in the West Division). The league is the premier women's softball league in the country. The league was formed in 2022 and is headquartered in Shinjuku, Tokyo.

The JD.League is a member of the Japan Top League Alliance, which comprises the top-tier sports leagues in Japan. Nitori entered into the title partnership with the JD.League, and thus the league is officially called Nitori JD.League.
Elizabeth Blackadder
Dame Elizabeth Violet Blackadder, Mrs Houston, DBE, RA, RSA, HonRWA (24 September 1931 – 23 August 2021) was a Scottish painter and printmaker. She was the first woman to be elected to both the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Academy of Arts.

In 1962, she began teaching at Edinburgh College of Art where she continued until her retirement in 1986. Blackadder worked in a variety of media such as oil paints, watercolour, drawing, and printmaking. In her still life paintings and drawings, she considered space between objects carefully. She also painted portraits and landscapes, but her later work contains mainly her cats and flowers rendered in great detail. Her work can be seen at the Tate Gallery, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and has appeared on a series of Royal Mail stamps.

In 2012, Blackadder was selected to paint Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond's official Christmas card.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Ritual washing in Judaism
In Judaism, ritual washing, or ablution, takes two main forms. Tevilah (Hebrew: טְבִילָה, romanized: ṭəb̲îlā) is a full body immersion in a mikveh, and netilat yadayim is the washing of the hands with a cup (see Handwashing in Judaism).

References to ritual washing are found in the Hebrew Bible, and are elaborated in the Mishnah and Talmud. They have been codified in various codes of Jewish law and tradition, such as Maimonides' Mishneh Torah (12th century) and Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch (16th century). These practices are most commonly observed within Orthodox Judaism. In Conservative Judaism, the practices are normative, with certain leniencies and exceptions. Ritual washing is not generally performed in Reform Judaism.

Handwashing in Judaism
Jewish law and custom prescribe ritual hand washing in a number of situations. This practice is generally known by the Hebrew term netilath yadayim (Hebrew: נטילת ידיים), which means "taking up of the hands."

The Talmud used the requirement of handwashing in Leviticus 15:11, "And whomsoever he that hath the issue toucheth, without having rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even", as a hint for general handwashing law, using the principle of asmakhta or "allusion."
Nicola, Kamloops and Similkameen Coal and Railway Company
The Nicola, Kamloops and Similkameen Coal and Railway Co (NK&S), ultimately a Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) subsidiary, connected Spences Bridge and Nicola in south central British Columbia. This standard gauge trackage, which followed the Nicola River, formed the CP Nicola Subdivision.

Brookmere
Brookmere is an unincorporated community adjacent to Brook Creek in the Nicola region of south central British Columbia, Canada. On Coldwater Rd (exit 256 from the Coquihalla Highway), the former railway hamlet is by road about 44 kilometres (27 mi) south of Merritt.
Luke Goedeke
Luke Goedeke (/ˈɡʌdɪki/ GUH-dih-kee; born November 21, 1998) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin–Stevens Point Pointers before transferring to the Central Michigan Chippewas.

Central Michigan Chippewas football
The Central Michigan Chippewas are a college football program in Division I FBS, representing Central Michigan University (CMU). CMU has the 24th highest overall winning percentage of programs playing in NCAA Division I.

The Chippewas have played in six bowl games in the last nine years, most recently defeating Washington State in the 2021 Sun Bowl. CMU drew 60,624 fans in the 2007 Motor City Bowl. CMU has played a total of eighteen post-season games (conference championships and bowl games), winning seven.