hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Posthumous sperm retrieval
Posthumous sperm retrieval (PSR) is a procedure in which spermatozoa are collected from the testes of a human corpse after brain death. There has been significant debate over the ethics and legality of the procedure, and on the legal rights of the child and surviving parent if the gametes are used for impregnation.

Cases of post-mortem conception have occurred ever since human artificial insemination techniques were devised, via sperm donation to a sperm bank after the death of the donor. While religious objections have been made even under these circumstances, far more censure has arisen regarding invasive retrieval from fresh cadavers or patients either on life support or in a persistent vegetative state, particularly when the procedure is carried out without explicit consent from the donor.

Vegetative state
A vegetative state (VS)  or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU) is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness. After four weeks in a vegetative state, the patient is classified as being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). This diagnosis is classified as a permanent vegetative state some months (three in the US and six in the UK) after a non-traumatic brain injury or one year after a traumatic injury. The term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may be used alternatively, as "vegetative state" has some negative connotations among the public. It is occasionally also called Apallic syndrome or Apallisches syndrome, borrowings from German, primarily in European or older sources.
Prepatellar bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion. It can be extremely painful and disabling as long as the underlying condition persists.

Prepatellar bursitis is most commonly caused by trauma to the knee, either by a single acute instance or by chronic trauma over time. Consequently the condition commonly occurs among people whose occupation requires frequent kneeling.

A definitive diagnosis can usually be made once a clinical history and physical examination have been obtained, though determining whether or not the inflammation is septic is not as straightforward. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms, with mild cases possibly only requiring rest and localized icing. Options for presentations with severe sepsis include intravenous antibiotics, surgical irrigation of the bursa, and bursectomy.

Range of motion
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another.

In biomechanics and strength training, ROM refers to the angular distance and direction a joint can move between the flexed position and the extended position. The act of attempting to increase this distance through therapeutic exercises (range of motion therapy—stretching from flexion to extension for physiological gain) is also sometimes called range of motion.

In mechanical engineering, it is (also called range of travel or ROT) used particularly when talking about mechanical devices, such as a sound volume control knob.
Grand Junction Isle
Grand Junction Isle is a small island in the River Thames on the reach above Molesey Lock at Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey, England. It is just downstream of Sunbury Court Island, which is three times longer and also close to the north bank.

Sunbury Court Island
Sunbury Court Island is a long, pedestrianised residential island of houses and bungalows in the River Thames in England on the 'Sunbury and Hampton' or 'Molesey' reach, above Molesey Lock in Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey, England.
Ein Avdat
Ein Avdat (Hebrew: עין עבדת) (Arabic: عَيْن عَبْدَة, ʻayn ʻabda Arabic pronunciation: [ʕajn ʕab.da]) or Ein Ovdat is a canyon in the Negev Desert of Israel, south of Kibbutz Sde Boker. Archaeological evidence shows that Ein Avdat was inhabited by Nabateans and Catholic monks. Numerous springs at the southern opening of the canyon empty into deep pools in a series of waterfalls. The water emerges from the rock layers with salt-tolerant plants like Poplar trees and Atriplexes growing  nearby.

Sde Boker
Sde Boker (Hebrew: שְׂדֵה בּוֹקֵר, lit. 'Herding Field') is a kibbutz in the Negev desert of southern Israel. The retirement home of Israel's first Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 529.
Duncan Macmillan (Canadian politician)
Duncan Macmillan (February 11, 1837 – April 21, 1903) was a Canadian lawyer, judge and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Middlesex East in the House of Commons of Canada from 1875 to 1887 as a Liberal-Conservative member.

He was born in London Township, Upper Canada, the son of William Macmillan, and was educated at Queen's University. Macmillan studied law with Sir John A. Macdonald and was called to the bar in 1861. He practised law in London, Ontario. He was elected to the House of Commons in an 1875 by-election held after Crowell Willson was unseated. In 1873, he was named a judge in the court for Haldimand County. Macmillan died at the age of 66 in London, Ontario while still a judge.

Crowell Willson
Crowell Willson (1815 – October 12, 1894) was a Canadian farmer and political figure. He represented Middlesex East in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal-Conservative member from 1867 to 1872 and in 1874.

He was born in St. Thomas, Upper Canada in 1815, the son of Benjamin Willson. In 1838, he settled in London Township and established a wool carding mill there. In 1851, he was elected to represent Middlesex in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada; he was reelected in East Middlesex in 1863. He was elected to the federal parliament in 1867 and 1874 but, in 1874, he was unseated after his election was protested. Willson was also a director of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company.

In 1843, Willson married Maria Jackson. He died in Wingham at the age of 79.
Kerrville National Cemetery
Kerrville National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Kerrville, in Kerr County, Texas. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 1.7 acres (0.69 ha), and as 2014 had 515 interments. It is maintained by Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas and is now closed to new interments.

Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery
Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in San Antonio, Texas. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 154.7 acres (62.6 ha), and as of 2014, had over 144,000 interments.  The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
Christos Melissis
Christos Melissis, (Greek: Χρήστος Μελίσσης; born 1 December 1982) is a Greek football player who played for Sudanese club Al-Hilal Omdurman. He has played in the past for Naoussa, Panserraikos, PAOK, Panathinaikos, AEL, Panthrakikos, Marítimo in Portugal and the Greek national team. He usually plays as a center back but when called upon he is used as a right back or a defensive midfielder.

Panthrakikos F.C.
Panthrakikos Football Club (Greek: Α.Π.Σ. Πανθρακικός) is a Greek football club based in Komotini, Thrace in North Eastern Greece founded in 1964. The club competed in Super League Greece during the 2008–09 season for the first time.
2015 FC Astana season
The 2015 FC Astana season is the seventh successive season that the club will play in the Kazakhstan Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Kazakhstan.Astana is the reigning Kazakhstan Premier League champion, having won the title for the first time the previous season. They will also participate in the Kazakhstan Cup and the Champions League, entering at the Second Qualifying Stage.

2015 Kazakhstan Cup
The 2015 Kazakhstan Cup is the 24th season of the Kazakhstan Cup, the annual nationwide football cup competition of Kazakhstan since the independence of the country. The competition began on 29 March 2015 and will end with the final in November 2015. Kairat are the defending champions, having won their first cup in the 2014 competition.

The winner of the competition will qualify for the first qualifying round of the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League.
Harootiun Vehabedian of Jerusalem
Patriarch Harootiun Vehabedian was elected Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1885, but he stayed in Istanbul until 1889, before arriving at Jerusalem to receive his post. Meanwhile, Yeremya Der Sahagian acted as locum tenens (caretaker).

Patriarch Vehabedian continued serving until his death in 1910. After this, the position of Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem remained vacant from 1910 to 1921, when Patriarch Yeghishe Tourian was elected.

Yeghishe Tourian of Jerusalem
Yeghishe Tourian KBE (Armenian: Եղիշէ Դուրեան; 23 February 1860 – 27 April 1930) was Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1921 to 1929. He took over the position after the patriarchate position remained vacant for 11 years (1910–1921).
Benjamín Clariond
Benjamín Clariond Reyes-Retana is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who has served as a federal deputy (Nuevo León's 1st district),
municipal president (mayor) of Monterrey and as interim governor of the state of Nuevo León after the resignation of Sócrates Rizzo.

In 2006 he ran for municipal president (mayor) of San Pedro Garza García but lost against the PAN candidate Fernando Margáin.

Clariond is the grandson of French immigrant Jacques Antoine Clariond (also known as "Santiago Antonio Clariond") founder of Industrias Monterrey. He has served as general director of IMSATEC.

Municipal president
A municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) is the chief of government of municipalities in Mexico. This title was also used in the Philippines during the Spanish and American colonial periods; it is comparable to a mayor of the town or city. The position is comparable to the county executive of a county in the United States or to the mayor of a city in the United States, although the jurisdiction of a presidente municipal includes not only a city but the municipality surrounding it.  Nationally, this position is also equivalent to that of Head of Government of the Federal District and that is why these positions are sometimes referred to as "mayors" in English-language publications.
NU Hospital Group
The NU Hospital Group consists mainly of two hospitals in Sweden; Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus in Trollhättan and Uddevalla Sjukhus in Uddevalla. NU Hospital Group also includes three smaller local hospitals in Lysekil, Strömstad and Dalsland. It serves 270,000 residents of Dalsland, northern Bohuslän and the towns of Trollhättan, Uddevalla and Vänersborg. In 2009, NU Hospital Group treated 126,000 outpatients over the course of 479,000 hospital visits, and 27,000 inpatients over the course of 39,000 visits. The NU Hospital Group is part of the Västra Götaland Regional Council.

Trollhättan
Trollhättan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈtrɔ̂lːˌhɛtːan] ⓘ) is the 23rd-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County. It is situated by Göta älv, near the lake Vänern, and has a population of approximately 50,000 in the city proper. It is located 75 km (46 mi) north of Sweden's second-largest city, Gothenburg.
It's in Your Eyes
"It's in Your Eyes" is a single performed by Phil Collins and released in 1996 as the second single from his album Dance into the Light.

A Beatles-esque melody, both melodically and lyrically - closing mirroring the Beatles song, "Any Time at All", the song reached No. 30 UK Singles Chart and No. 77 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. It also reached the top 10 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.

For promotional live performances of the song, Collins played the lead guitar instead of Daryl Stuermer. The video showed Collins in an apartment block, playing the guitar while watching people pass by through their flats.

Daryl Stuermer
Daryl Mark Stuermer (born November 27, 1952) is an American musician, songwriter, singer, and record producer best known for playing the guitar and bass for Genesis during live shows, and lead guitar for Phil Collins during most solo tours and albums. He has also released nine solo albums, and tours with his Daryl Stuermer Band.
William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale
Sir William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale (c. 1300–1353), also known as the Knight of Liddesdale and the Flower of Chivalry, was a Scottish nobleman and soldier active during the Second War of Scottish Independence.

Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray (c. 1285  – 20 July 1332) was a soldier and diplomat in the Wars of Scottish Independence, who later served as regent of Scotland. He was a nephew of Robert the Bruce, who created him as the first earl of Moray. He was known for successfully capturing Edinburgh Castle from the English, and he was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Arbroath.
Pua Kealoha
Pua Kele Kealoha (November 14, 1902 – August 29, 1989) was a Hawaiian-American competition swimmer, a 1920 Antwerp Olympic champion in the 4x200 freestyle relay, and a former world record-holder.  After retiring as a swimmer, he made a living as a musician, starting his own band "Pua Kealoha and his Hawaiian Trio", which performed at the well-known Royal Hawaiian Hotel in 1927 and was featured daily in the late 1930's in California's Lake Arrowhead Resort.  He later worked as a musician travelling the world while on Matson cruiseliners, which travelled to Pacific destinations that included Honolulu, Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, and Samoa.

Royal Hawaiian Hotel
The Royal Hawaiian Hotel is a beachfront luxury hotel located in Waikiki in Honolulu, Hawaii, on the island of Oahu. It is part of The Luxury Collection brand of Marriott International. One of the first hotels established in Waikiki, the Royal Hawaiian is considered one of the most luxurious and famous hotels in Hawaiian tourism and has hosted numerous celebrities and world dignitaries. The bright pink hue of its concrete stucco façade with its Spanish/Moorish styled architecture and prominent location on the wide sandy beach have earned it the alliterative nickname of "The Pink Palace of the Pacific".
Adrian Păun
Constantin Adrian Alexandru Păun (Romanian pronunciation: [adriˈan konstanˈtin alekˈsandru ˈpə.un]; born 1 April 1995) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger or attacking midfielder for Liga I club CFR Cluj.

Păun spent most of his professional career at his boyhood club CFR Cluj, for which he made his debut in 2014 and appeared in over 230 league games. In 2022, he moved abroad for the first time by signing for Hapoel Be'er Sheva on an initial loan, and also played for Bnei Sakhnin, before returning to CFR Cluj two years later.

Internationally, Păun made his first—and only—appearance for Romania in June 2021, in a 0–1 friendly loss to England.

Bnei Sakhnin F.C.
Bnei Sakhnin F.C. (Arabic: اتحاد أبناء سخنين, romanized: Ittiḥād ’Abnā’ Saḫnīn, Hebrew: איחוד בני סכנין, romanized: Iḥud Bnei Sakhnin, lit. 'Sons of Sakhnin United') is an Israeli professional football club based at the Doha Stadium in Sakhnin. They are the most successful club among the Arab-Israeli clubs in the country, having won the State Cup in 2004.
Movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States
The movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States describes the efforts of individuals and organizations to change state laws requiring sex offender registries in the United States.

Proposed reforms fall into two broad categories: advocacy for reform of statutory rape laws that may require a teenager to register as a sex offender for sexting or consensual sexual acts involving another teen, on the one hand, and broader efforts to modify sex offender registration laws based upon what advocates see as disproportionate impact on the lives of  convicted offenders compared to the public benefits derived, on the other.

Sexting
Sexting is sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or videos, primarily between mobile phones. It may also include the use of a computer or any digital device. The term was first popularized early in the 21st century and is a portmanteau of sex and texting, where the latter is meant in the wide sense of sending a text possibly with images. Sexting is not an isolated phenomenon but one of many different types of sexual interaction in digital contexts that is related to sexual arousal.
Charles Virion
Charles Louis Eugène Virion (Ajaccio, 1 December 1865  - Montigny-sur-Loing, 30 December 1946) was a noted French sculptor, medallist, and ceramicist, principally of animals.

Virion studied sculpture in Paris under Jean-Paul Aubé and Charles Gauthier and exhibited at the Salon des Artistes Français from 1886 until the 1930s. He was awarded a distinction in 1893 and became a member the same year. He won a third-class medal in 1895. At the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900 he won a bronze medal. He also exhibited at the Salon des Animaliers after 1913.

After the First World War, he made memorials for several municipalities including those of Montigny-sur-Loing, Nemours, La Genevraye and Arbonne-la-Forêt.

Montigny-sur-Loing
Montigny-sur-Loing (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tiɲi syʁ lwɛ̃] ⓘ, literally Montigny on Loing) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. Montigny-sur-Loing station has rail connections to Montargis, Melun and Paris.
Early life of Winston Churchill
The  early life of Winston Churchill covers the period from his birth on 30 November 1874 to 31 May 1904 when he formally crossed the floor of the House of Commons, defecting from the Conservative Party to sit as a member of the Liberal Party.

Churchill had mixed English and American parentage. He was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England, as the elder son of Lord and Lady Randolph Churchill. He attended Harrow School and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. After joining the British Army in 1895, he saw action in British India, the Anglo-Sudan War, and the Second Boer War, gaining fame as a war correspondent and by writing books about his campaigns.

Churchill began his political career as a member of the Conservative Party and was first elected as a Member of Parliament (MP), representing the Oldham constituency, on 24 October 1900. Dissatisfaction with Conservative government policy caused him to resign his party membership and join the Liberals in 1904.

Crossing the floor
In some parliamentary systems (e.g., in Canada and the United Kingdom), politicians are said to cross the floor if they formally change their political affiliation to a political party different from the one they were initially elected under. In Australia, this term simply refers to Members of Parliament (MPs) who dissent from the party line and vote against the express instructions of the party whip while retaining membership in their political party.

Voting against party lines may lead to consequences such as losing a position (e.g., as minister or a portfolio critic) or being ejected from the party caucus. While these practices are legally permissible in most countries, crossing the floor can lead to controversy and media attention. Some countries like Malaysia, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, the Maldives and Bangladesh have laws that remove a member from parliament due to floor-crossing.
Ho un piano
Ho un piano is the fifth studio album by Italian singer and pianist Raphael Gualazzi. It was released in Italy on 7 February 2020 through Sugar Music. The album peaked at number 34 on the Italian Albums Chart. The album includes the single "Carioca", which was Gualazzi's entry into the 70th edition of Italy's national Eurovision song selection competition, the Sanremo Music Festival 2020.

Sanremo Music Festival 2020
The Sanremo Music Festival 2020 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2020), officially the 70th Italian Song Festival (70º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 70th edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston of Sanremo and organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was held between 4 and 8 February 2020 and was presented by Amadeus, who also served as the artistic director for the competition, alongside Fiorello.

The competition was divided in two sections. The winner of the Big Artists section was Diodato with the song "Fai rumore", while Leo Gassmann won the Newcomers' section with "Vai bene così". As a result of his victory, Diodato earned the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 before that event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic; he subsequently performed "Fai rumore" in the non-competitive replacement show Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light.
Kanhu Charan Mohanty
Kanhu Charan Mohanty (11 August 1906 – 6 April 1994) was an Indian Odia language novelist who wrote fifty-six novels in a career spanning over six decades from 1930 to 1985. He is considered "one of the most popular and celebrated novelists of Odisa". Mohanty was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1958 for his novel, Kaa, published in 1956, and was one of the fellows of the Sahitya Akademi. Mohanty died on 6 April 1994 at the age of 87.

Sahitya Akademi
The Sahitya Akademi is an organisation recognised as India's "National Academy of Letters", dedicated to the promotion of literature in the languages of India. Founded on 12 March 1954, it is supported by, though independent of, the Indian government. Its office is located in Rabindra Bhavan near Mandi House in Delhi.

The Sahitya Akademi organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature; and presents the annual Sahitya Akademi Award of INR. 100,000 in each of the 24 languages it supports, as well as the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship for lifetime achievement.

The Sahitya Akademi Library is one of the largest multi-lingual libraries in India, with a rich collection of books on literature and allied subjects.

It publishes two bimonthly literary journals: Indian Literature in English and Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya in Hindi.
Rampage Brown
Oliver Biney (born 8 August 1983) is an English professional wrestler best known for his time in WWE, performing under the ring name Rampage Brown. He is also known for his work throughout the European and British independent wrestling circuit. Biney also briefly worked for WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling in 2011 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in September 2014. He is currently a trainer for New Generation Wrestling in their North East School.

Florida Championship Wrestling
Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) was a professional wrestling promotion based on the former National Wrestling Alliance member promotion, Championship Wrestling from Florida, which operated from 1961 until 1987. From October 2007 to August 2012, the promotion served as the official developmental territory for WWE. In August 2012, WWE re-branded Florida Championship Wrestling into NXT for their developmental territory, with storylines and championships being discontinued.

In March 2020 a documentary was released on WWE Network titled A Future WWE: The FCW Story, about the professional wrestlers that came up through the FCW system.