hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graph energy
In mathematics, the energy of a graph is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the graph. This quantity is studied in the context of spectral graph theory.

More precisely, let G be a graph with n vertices. It is assumed that G is a simple graph, that is, it does not contain loops or parallel edges. Let A be the adjacency matrix of G and let , ,  be the eigenvalues of A. Then the energy of the graph is defined as:

Adjacency matrix
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent a finite graph. The elements of the matrix indicate whether pairs of vertices are adjacent or not within the graph.

In the special case of a finite simple graph, the adjacency matrix is a (0,1)-matrix with zeros on its diagonal. If the graph is undirected (i.e. all of its edges are bidirectional), the adjacency matrix is symmetric. 
The relationship between a graph and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of its adjacency matrix is studied in spectral graph theory.

The adjacency matrix of a graph should be distinguished from its incidence matrix, a different matrix representation whose elements indicate whether vertex–edge pairs are incident or not, and its degree matrix, which contains information about the degree of each vertex.
MALIK (fraternity)
MALIK Fraternity, Inc., previously known as MALIK Sigma Psi or MΣΨ, is an American multicultural intercollegiate fraternity founded in 1977, at CW Post College of Long Island University for men of color. Rather than refer to themselves as black Greeks, they use the term "Afrikan Fraternalists". Though mainly aimed toward Black, Brown, and Latino men, MALIK has members of all races, ethnicities, and creeds.

LIU Post
LIU Post, formally the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University and often referred to as C.W. Post, is a private university in Brookville, New York, United States. Located on Long Island, it is part of Long Island University (LIU), and the largest school in the LIU system.
Gondhla
Gondhla (also called Gaṅdolā, Gandhola, Gondla, Kundlah) is a village in the Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) before Keylong on the road from Manali, Himachal Pradesh, and lies at 3,160 m (10,370 ft) above sea level. The village is famous for the Guru Ghantal monastery and the Gondhla fort. In former times, this village was the seat of the Thakurs of Gondhla, who ruled the valley of the Chandra river in Lahaul at the behest of the Rajas of Kullu.

Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and one of the five major rivers associated with the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab then flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot.

The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals.
Knochenkult
Knochenkult is the seventh studio album by the German metal band Eisregen. It was released on 19 September 2008 through  Massacre Records. The 2008 release contained: a jewelcase version, a digipak version with a bonus track "Blut ist Leben", and a boxset containing a shirt and the digipak version of the album. The boxset version and the digipak version were limited to 1,000 copies each.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.
Alain Touraine
Alain Touraine (French: [alɛ̃ tuʁɛn]; 3 August 1925 – 9 June 2023) was a French sociologist. He was research director at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, where he founded the Centre d'étude des mouvements sociaux. Touraine was an important figure in the founding of French sociology of work after World War II and later became a sociologist of social movements, particularly the May 68 student movement in France and the Solidarity trade-union movement in communist Poland.

Industrial sociology
Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines
"the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations" to "the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing patterns of inequality in modern societies and to the changing experiences of individuals and families", and " the ways in which workers challenge, resist and make their own contributions to the patterning of work and shaping of work institutions".
Samuel P. Jennison
Samuel Pearce Jennison (May 9, 1830 – November 30, 1909), sometimes written as Samuel Pierce Jennison, was a Minnesota politician, teacher, librarian, lawyer, and Brigadier General during the American Civil War. During his service in the Union army Jennison began his military career as the adjutant of the 2nd Minnesota Infantry Regiment, by the end of the war Jennison held the rank of Brigadier General. During his political career in Minnesota Jennison served as the Chief Clerk of the Minnesota House of Representatives, the Secretary of the Minnesota Senate, and served as the Minnesota Secretary of State.

Minnesota Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Minnesota is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Twenty-two individuals have held the office of secretary of state since statehood. The incumbent is Steve Simon, a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party.
Little Window
Little Window is the debut album of American singer-songwriter Baby Dee. The album was released in 2002 on the Durtro label. It was produced, composed, and performed entirely by Dee.

Little Window is currently out of print as a lone album. It has been compiled in its entirety with Love's Small Song and Made for Love as the 2-CD set The Robin's Tiny Throat, released by Durtro Jnana in 2007.

David Tibet
David Tibet (born David Michael Bunting; 5 March 1960) is an English musician, poet and songwriter. He is best known as the founder and sole constant member of the neofolk group Current 93, as well as for his contributions to the band Death in June.
Conflict (narrative)
Conflict is a major element of narrative or dramatic structure in literature, particularly European and European diaspora literature starting in the 20th century, that adds a goal and opposing forces to add uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved. In narrative, conflict delays the characters and events from reaching a goal or set of goals. This may include main characters or it may include characters around the main character.

Despite this, conflict as a concept in stories is not universal as there are story structures that are noted to not center conflict such as griot, morality tale, kishōtenketsu, ta'zieh and so on.

Morality play
The morality play is a genre of medieval and early Tudor drama.  The term is used by scholars of literary and dramatic history to refer to a genre of play texts from the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries that feature personified concepts (most often virtues and vices, but sometimes practices or habits) alongside angels and demons, who are engaged in a struggle to persuade a protagonist who represents a generic human character toward either good or evil.  The common story arc of these plays follows "the temptation, fall and redemption of the protagonist".
Gene Desmond
Eugene "Gene" Desmond (born 1956) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career at senior level with the Cork county team lasted for the 1977-78 season.

Born in Cork, Desmond first played for the St Finbarr's club at juvenile and underage levels before joining the senior team. In a club career that lasted over a decade, he won two All-Ireland medals, three Munster medals and four county senior championship medals.

Desmond made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was selected for the Cork minor team. He enjoyed two championship seasons with the minor team, culminating with the winning of an All-Ireland medal as captain in 1974. Desmond subsequently joined the Cork under-21; however, his three seasons on that team ended without success. By this stage he had joined the Cork senior team and made his debut during the 1978 championship.

All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship is an annual Gaelic football tournament which began in season 1970–71. It is the top-tier competition for the senior football clubs of Ireland and London.

The current champions are Dingle of Kerry who defeated St Brigid's of Roscommon on 18 January 2026 to win their first All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship.

The current trophy is the Andy Merrigan Cup, named after a footballer who played for Castletown Liam Mellows and Wexford who died as a result of a farm accident at the height of his playing career. It was first presented in 1974.
Classification of demons
There have been various attempts at the classification of demons within the contexts of classical mythology, demonology, occultism, and Renaissance magic. These classifications may be for purposes of traditional medicine, exorcisms, ceremonial magic, witch-hunts, lessons in morality, folklore, religious ritual, or combinations thereof. Classifications might be according to astrological connections, elemental forms, noble titles, or parallels to the angelic hierarchy; or by association with particular sins, diseases, and other calamities; or by what angel or saint opposes them.

Many of the authors of such classifications identified as Christian, though Christian authors are not the only ones who have written on the subject.

Exorcism
Exorcism (from Ancient Greek  ἐξορκισμός (exorkismós) 'binding by oath') is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, jinns, or other malevolent spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that is believed to be possessed. Depending on the spiritual beliefs of the exorcist, this may be done by causing the entity to swear an oath, performing an elaborate ritual, or simply by commanding it to depart in the name of a higher power. The practice is ancient and part of the belief system of many cultures and religions.
Silobela (constituency)
18°59′03″S 29°17′59″E﻿ / ﻿18.984258°S 29.299732°E﻿ / -18.984258; 29.299732

Silobela is a constituency represented in the National Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, located in Silobela, Midlands Province. Its current MP since the 2023 election is Jona Nyevera of ZANU–PF.

Silobela
Silobela is an agricultural Resettlement in Kwekwe District  in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe.  It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Kwekwe town, 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of Gweru town, and bordering Nkayi on the west.
Erich Kühnhackl
Erich Kühnhackl (born 17 October 1950) is a German former professional ice hockey player, born and raised in Czechoslovakia. He is one of the all-time greats of German ice hockey and was named Germany's ice hockey player of the 20th century in 2000. Kühnhackl is a member of the IIHF Hall of Fame as well as of the German ice hockey Hall of Fame and Germany's Sport Hall of Fame.

IIHF Hall of Fame
The IIHF Hall of Fame is a hall of fame operated by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It was founded in 1997, and has resided at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto since 1998. Prior to 1997, the IIHF housed exhibits at the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston, Ontario. Inductions are made annually at the medal presentation day of the Ice Hockey World Championships. As of 2026, the IIHF has inducted 269 members.
Mihai Popescu (footballer)
Mihai Popescu (born 7 May 1993) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Liga I club FCSB and the Romania national team.

Popescu started his senior career at Dunărea Călărași in 2013, while on loan from Dinamo București. He made his professional debut for the latter side in 2016, and had multiple loan spells before moving to Heart of Midlothian in 2020. After returning from Scotland, Popescu signed with Farul Constanța and won his first national title in the 2022–23 season. In 2024, his performances earned him a transfer to FCSB, the cross-town rival of his former club Dinamo București.

Internationally, Popescu registered his debut for Romania in March 2025, in a 0–1 home loss to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group H
The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group H was one of the twelve UEFA groups in the World Cup qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 2026 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Canada, Mexico and the United States. Group H consisted of five teams: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Romania and San Marino. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format from March to November 2025. However, as Austria were involved in the Nations League promotion/relegation play-offs in March, they began their qualifying campaign in June 2025.

The group winners, Austria, qualified directly for the World Cup finals, while the runners-up, Bosnia and Herzegovina, advanced to the second round (play-offs). In addition, Romania advanced to the play-offs via their Nations League ranking.
Kim Ye-lim
Kim Ye-lim (Korean: 김예림; born January 23, 2003) is a  retired South Korean competitive figure skater. She is a two-time Four Continents medalist (silver in 2023, bronze in 2022), the 2022 NHK Trophy champion, 2022 Grand Prix de France silver medalist, a three-time ISU Challenger Series gold medalist, the 2023 Winter World University Games bronze medalist, and the 2021 South Korean national champion. She represented her country at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Earlier in her career, she won two silver medals in the ISU Junior Grand Prix series (2018 JGP Lithuania, 2018 JGP Czech Republic).

2023 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2023 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held from February 7–12, 2023, at the Broadmoor World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in the United States. Held annually since 1999 (except for 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Nations from non-European countries could send three entries at most for every discipline.
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 1, 1949
From April 30 to May 1, 1949, a tornado outbreak swept eastward across the United States, beginning over the Great Plains. The severe weather event claimed 10 lives and inflicted over 100 injuries. It produced several deadly tornadoes, mostly in Oklahoma, including a pair that killed three each on April 30. The most intense tornado of the outbreak, retroactively rated a violent F4, tracked across parts of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area that day. A deadly F3 the following day claimed a life in Louisiana as well. This outbreak alone set an official monthly record of tornadoes to date in Oklahoma.

Fujita scale
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; /fuˈdʒiːtə/), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale, named for the meteorologist Ted Fujita, was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Bojana Janković
Bojana Janković (born May 7, 1983) is a former Serbian professional basketball player. She is currently the sports director in ŽKK Partizan. With ŽKK Partizan she won 3 national Championships (2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12), national cup (2010–11) and Adriatic League Women (2011–12).

Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup
The Milan Ciga Vasojević Cup (Serbian Cyrillic: Куп Милан Цига Васојевић) is the women's national basketball cup of Serbia. It is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia. Named in honor of Milan Ciga Vasojević, who as coach and director lead the national team of Yugoslavia during the greatest successes of women's basketball.

After the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro in 2006, the competition was called the Serbian Cup. At the initiative of Hemofarm in 2008 the Cup bears its present name.
Justified season 4
The fourth season of the American neo-Western television series Justified premiered on January 8, 2013, on FX, and concluded on April 2, 2013, consisting of 13 episodes. The series was developed by Graham Yost based on Elmore Leonard's novels Pronto and Riding the Rap and his short story "Fire in the Hole". Its main character is Raylan Givens, a deputy U.S. Marshal. Timothy Olyphant portrays Givens, a tough federal lawman, enforcing his own brand of justice in his Kentucky hometown. The series is set in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, and the hill country of eastern Kentucky, specifically in and around Harlan.

Harlan, Kentucky
Harlan is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 census, Harlan had a population of 1,776.

Harlan is one of three Kentucky county seats to share its name with its county, the others being Greenup and Henderson.
Sistrurus tergeminus edwardsii
Sistrurus tergeminus edwardsii, also known as the desert massasauga, is a subspecies of venomous pit viper in the family Viperidae. The subspecies is endemic to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. In places, its range overlaps that of S. t. tergeminus, and intergrading of the two subspecies is known.

Venomous snake
Venomous snakes are species of the suborder Serpentes that are capable of producing venom, which they use for killing prey, for defense, and to assist with digestion of their prey. The venom is typically delivered by injection using hollow or grooved fangs, although some venomous snakes lack well-developed fangs. Common venomous snakes include the families Elapidae, Viperidae, Atractaspididae, and some of the Colubridae. The toxicity of venom is mainly indicated by murine LD50, while multiple factors are considered to judge the potential danger to humans. Other important factors for risk assessment include the likelihood that a snake will bite, the quantity of venom delivered with the bite, the efficiency of the delivery mechanism, and the location of a bite on the body of the victim. Snake venom may have both neurotoxic and hemotoxic properties. There are about 600 venomous snake species in the world.
Jonestown, Howard County, Maryland
Jonestown is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Maryland, United States.

The Jonestown area was a historic African American community near Ellicott City that was centered on the crossroads where Howard High School is presently located. The town's identity has been mostly absorbed into Ellicott City and Columbia's Long Reach village.

Long Reach, Columbia, Maryland
Long Reach, one of ten villages composing Columbia, Maryland, United States, is found in the northeast part of Columbia along Maryland Route 108.  Started in 1971, it is one of the oldest villages, and comprises four neighborhoods: Jeffers Hill, Kendall Ridge, Locust Park, and Phelps Luck.  The village, with an approximate population of 15,600, is governed by five elected village board members through "Long Reach Community Association, Inc." The Village Office is located in Stonehouse, the community center, which opened in 1974.
Reginald McKenna
Reginald McKenna (6 July 1863 – 6 September 1943) was a British banker and Liberal politician. His first Cabinet post under Henry Campbell-Bannerman was as President of the Board of Education, after which he served as First Lord of the Admiralty. His most important roles were as Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer during the premiership of H. H. Asquith. He was studious and meticulous, noted for his attention to detail, but also for being bureaucratic and partisan.

Charles Hobhouse
Sir Charles Edward Henry Hobhouse, 4th Baronet, TD, PC, JP (30 June 1862 – 26 June 1941) was a British Liberal politician and officer in the Territorial Force. He was a member of the Liberal cabinet of H. H. Asquith between 1911 and 1915, and kept a diary, since published, of his time in the Cabinet.
Carmor
Carmor Integrated Vehicle Solutions (previously known as Hatehof) is an Israeli company that manufactures tankers, aircraft refuelers, fire fighting trucks, armored vehicles and special purpose trailers.

Tank truck
A tank truck, gas truck, fuel truck, or tanker truck (American English) or tanker (British English) is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquids or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars, which are also designed to carry liquid loads. Many variants exist due to the wide variety of liquids that can be transported. Tank trucks tend to be large; they may be insulated or non-insulated; pressurized or non-pressurized; and designed for single or multiple loads (often by means of internal divisions in their tank). Some are semi-trailer trucks. They are difficult to drive and highly susceptible to rollover due to their high center of gravity and, when they are partially filled, to the free surface effect of liquid sloshing in the tank.
Mom jeans
Mom jeans is an informal term for high-waisted women's jeans that were first fashionable in the late 1980s and early 1990s.  In the late 1990s and 2000s they were mainly worn by adult American women and considered "old" by younger women. High rise, ankle length "mom jeans" have since become fashionable again in the 2010s and into the 2020s with younger women from tween and teen aged girls, on up through college aged women and beyond.

Many women wear their t-shirt, sweatshirt, sweater or other top tucked into the jeans with a belt to complete the look.

Once considered a pejorative term, mom jeans gained prominence from a May 2003 Saturday Night Live skit written by Tina Fey for a fake brand of jeans called Mom Jeans, which used the tagline: "For this Mother's Day, don't give Mom that bottle of perfume. Give her something that says, 'I'm not a woman anymore... I'm a mom.'"

Slim-fit pants
Slim-fit pants or skinny jeans (when made of denim) are tight trousers that have a snug fit through the legs and end in a small leg opening that can be anywhere from 9" to 20" in circumference, depending on size. Other names for this style include drainpipes, stovepipes, tight pants, cigarette pants, pencil pants, skinny pants, gas pipes, skinnies, and tight jeans.

Skinny pants taper completely at the bottom of the leg, whereas drainpipes are skinny but then the lower leg is straight instead of tapering and so they are often slightly baggier at the bottom of the leg than skinny jeans. In some very skinny styles, zippers are needed at the bottom of the leg to facilitate pulling them over the feet because the leg opening is so small. Stretch denim, with anywhere from 2% to 4% spandex, may be used to allow jeans to have a "super-slim fit". Skinny jeans come in a variety of colors and styles.