hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tauqir Sharif
Tauqir Sharif is a British Pakistani aid worker known for his activity in Syria, his involvement in several convoys including the 2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla and Road to Hope,He was born in the UK; having his UK citizenship revoked based on unproven allegations, and his reported abduction in 2020 by an armed group
Operating in the region.

2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla
The 2010 Gaza Freedom Flotilla was a small fleet of ships by the Free Gaza Movement and the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief (İHH). The Flotilla mission to Gaza had the explicit goal of carrying humanitarian aid and construction materials with the intention of breaking the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip. In typical circumstances, aid is first brought to Israel to be inspected and then transferred to Gaza.

On 31 May 2010, Israeli forces boarded the ships in a raid from speedboats and helicopters. Following resistance on one of the boats, nine activists were killed by Israeli forces. Widespread international condemnation of and reaction to the raid followed, Israel–Turkey relations were strained, and Israel subsequently eased its blockade on the Gaza Strip.
Steichen
Steichen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Donna Steichen, American journalist

Edward Steichen (1879–1973), Luxembourgish-American photographer and artist

Mary Calderone (1904–1998), American physician and public health advocate; daughter of Edward

Félicien M. Steichen (1926–2011), American surgeon

Félicien Steichen

Félix Steichen

Gerald Steichen (born 1963), American conductor, pianist, and actor

Joseph Steichen

Jules Steichen (1902–1977), Luxembourgish boxer

Marianne Steichen

Marie Steichen (died 2006), American politician

René Steichen (born 1942), Luxembourgish politician and jurist

Shane Steichen (born 1985), American football player and coach

Félicien M. Steichen
Félicien M. Steichen (October 13, 1926 – June 27, 2011) was a Luxembourgish-born American surgeon and Professor of Surgery.  He was a pioneer in the development and use of surgical staples.  He and Mark M. Ravitch are considered the fathers of modern surgical stapling.  Steichen was also noted for his contributions to the development of minimally-invasive surgery.
Show Must Go On & On
The Best of Epik High - Show Must Go On & On (stylized as THE BEST OF EPIK HIGH ~SHOW MUST GO ON & ON~) is the second Japanese studio album by South Korean hip hop group Epik High. The album was released on June 8, 2016, and is a compilation of Epik High's title tracks starting from their debut album to their 2014 album, Shoebox (which had its Japanese release December 24, 2014), and contains Japanese versions of two of their past Korean title tracks, Love Love Love and Don't Hate Me. It was released by CD, DVD, and Smapra Music.

Shoebox (album)
Shoebox (Korean: 신발장; RR: Sinbaljang) is the eighth studio album by the South Korean hip hop group Epik High. It was released digitally on October 21, 2014, and physically on October 22, through YG Entertainment. "Spoiler" and "Happen Ending" served as the title tracks for the album.
Google Health
Google Health encompasses the health and wellbeing initiatives of Google, including Fitbit and a range of other features and integrations. Google Health started in 2008 as an attempt to create a repository of personal health information in order to connect doctors, hospitals and pharmacies directly. The Google Health project was discontinued in 2012, but the Google Health portfolio re-established in 2018 before being redescribed in 2022 as an "effort" rather than a distinct division.

As of 2024, Google Health describes a range of features across other Google products, as well as the Google Cloud Studio integration for third-party electronic health records, such as MEDITECH Expanse.

Meditech
Medical Information Technology, Inc., shortened to MEDITECH, is a privately held Massachusetts-based software and service company that develops and sells information systems for healthcare organizations.
Ernesto Félix Martínez
Ernesto Félix Martínez (born 21 June 1956) is an Argentine politician, who was a National Senator for Córdoba Province from 2015 to 2021 and a National Deputy from 2009 to 2013. He belongs to the Civic Front of Córdoba, a provincial party allied with the Juntos por el Cambio coalition.

Juntos por el Cambio
Juntos por el Cambio (JxC, English: Together for Change) was a political coalition in Argentina. A liberal coalition, it was created in 2015 as Cambiemos (English: Let's Change), and renamed in 2019. It was composed of Republican Proposal, Radical Civic Union, Civic Coalition ARI and United Republicans.

These three parties respectively nominated Mauricio Macri, Ernesto Sanz, and Elisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015 primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run in the 2015 presidential election on 25 October. On 9 August, Macri was elected as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in the presidential election; on 22 November, where he won in second round by 51%.
Tadeusz Pieronek
Tadeusz Pieronek (pronounced [taˈdɛ.uʂ pjɛˈrɔnɛk]; 24 October 1934 – 27 December 2018) was a Polish Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop-emeritus, Catholic academic and professor of theology and civil law. Pieronek was a leading member of the Stefan Batory Foundation (a George Soros Foundation branch in Poland).

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Mesitylene
Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring. The other two isomeric trimethylbenzenes are 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemimellitene). All three compounds have the formula C6H3(CH3)3, which is commonly abbreviated C6H3Me3. Mesitylene is a colorless liquid with sweet aromatic odor. It is a component of coal tar, which is its traditional source. It is a precursor to diverse fine chemicals. The mesityl group (Mes) is a substituent with the formula C6H2Me3 and is found in various other compounds.

Xylene
The three xylene isomers: o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene

In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (from Greek  ξύλον (xylon) 'wood'; IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) is any of three organic compounds with the formula (CH3)2C6H4. They are derived from the substitution of two hydrogen atoms with methyl groups in a benzene ring; which hydrogens are substituted determines which of three structural isomers results. It is a colorless, flammable, slightly greasy liquid of great industrial value.

The mixture is referred to as both xylene and, more precisely, xylenes. Mixed xylenes refers to a mixture of the xylenes plus ethylbenzene. The four compounds have identical molecular formulas C8H10. Typically the four compounds are produced together by various catalytic reforming and pyrolysis methods.
Hinterrhein (river)
The Hinterrhein (German: [ˈhɪntɐˌʁaɪn] ⓘ; Sutsilvan: Ragn Posteriur; Sursilvan: Rein Posteriur; Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader, and Puter: Rain Posteriur; Surmiran: Ragn posteriour; Italian: Reno Posteriore), or Posterior Rhine, is the right of the two initial tributaries of the Rhine (the other being the  Vorderrhein). It is located in the canton of Grisons (Graubünden), Switzerland. One of its upper tributaries is Reno di Lei, which is the outflow of Lago di Lei located in Lombardy, Italy.

Although it is shorter in length, its volume is larger than that of the Vorderrhein at their confluence near Reichenau, after which the river is called the Alpine Rhine, which flows out into Lake Constance (Bodensee).

Lago di Lei
Lago di Lei (Lombard: Lach de Lei) is a reservoir in the Valle di Lei, powering the Hinterrhein storage power stations. The reservoir is almost entirely in Italy, but the barrage was built on territory ceded by Italy to Switzerland (municipality of Ferrera, Grisons) in 1955 after diplomatic talks, while an equivalent sized territory further north of the lake was ceded to Italy in the exchange. The dam is operated by Kraftwerke Hinterrhein.
The waters of the lake are the only waters in Italian territory that drain to the North Sea, being part of the Rhine's drainage basin. Other waters of Italy that do not flow to the Mediterranean Sea are found in the valley of Livigno, valley of Sexten, Puster Valley east of Innichen, and most of the waters of the municipality of Tarvisio east of Sella Nevea: all these waters flow to the Black Sea through the basin of the Danube.
Proofs of trigonometric identities
There are several equivalent ways for defining trigonometric functions, and the proofs of the trigonometric identities between them depend on the chosen definition. The oldest and most elementary definitions are based on the geometry of right triangles and the ratio between their sides. The proofs given in this article use these definitions, and thus apply to non-negative angles not greater than a right angle. For greater and negative angles, see Trigonometric functions.

Other definitions, and therefore other proofs are based on the Taylor series of sine and cosine, or on the differential equation  to which they are solutions.

Angle
In geometry, an angle is formed by two lines that meet at a point. Each line is called a side of the angle, and the point they share is called the vertex of the angle. The term angle is used to denote both geometric figures and their size or magnitude as associated quantity. Angular measure or measure of angle are sometimes used to distinguish between the measure of the quantity and figure itself. The measurement of angles is intrinsically linked with circles and rotation, and this is often visualized or defined using the arc of a circle centered at the vertex and lying between the sides.
All Saints' Church, Himarë
40°7′3″N 19°44′2″E﻿ / ﻿40.11750°N 19.73389°E﻿ / 40.11750; 19.73389
All Saints' Church (Albanian: Kisha e Gjithshenjtorëve, Greek: Ναός Αγιών Πάντων) is an Albanian Orthodox church and Cultural Monument of Albania in Himarë, Vlorë County, Albania. It was built around 1775 at the behest of Kosmos of Aetolia and contains an iconostasis. During the communist period of Albania's history, the church was used as a warehouse for oranges.

Cultural Monument of Albania
In Albania, a cultural monument (Albanian: monument kulture) is a construction or work of cultural, historical and artistic value that is built in a visible space, made in memory of important events or prominent people. Cultural monuments are usually under state protection as they are evidence of the history of human development, for the preservation of which there is a public interest.
Jonathan Fruoco
Jonathan Fruoco, FRHistS  (born 1987) is a French historian who specializes in medieval English literature, with a specific focus on the polyphony of Geoffrey Chaucer's poetry, and historical sociolinguistics. In 2022, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

He is notably the first translator and editor of the medieval Robin Hood poems in French and has directed a research project leading to the development of the notion of serial imaginary.

Imaginary (sociology)
The imaginary (or social imaginary) is the set of values, institutions, laws, and symbols through which people imagine their social whole.  It is common to the members of a particular social group and the corresponding society.  The concept of the imaginary has attracted attention in anthropology, sociology, psychoanalysis, philosophy, and media studies.
António, Prior of Crato
António, Prior of Crato (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔni.u, ɐ̃ˈtɔnju]; 1531 – 26 August 1595), sometimes called "The Determined", "The Fighter", "The Independentist" or "The Resistant", was a grandson of King Manuel I of Portugal who claimed the Portuguese throne during the 1580 dynastic crisis. According to some historians, he was King of Portugal for 33 days in 1580. Philip II of Spain prevailed in the succession struggle, but António claimed the throne until 1583. He was a disciple of Bartholomew of Braga.

Henry, King of Portugal
Henry (Portuguese: Henrique [ẽˈʁikɨ]; 31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580), dubbed the Chaste (Portuguese: o Casto) and the Cardinal-King (Portuguese: o Cardeal-Rei), was King of Portugal and an inquisitor and cardinal of the Catholic Church, who ruled Portugal between 1578 and 1580. As a clergyman, he was bound to celibacy, and as such, had no children to succeed him, and thus put an end to the reigning House of Aviz. His death led to the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 and ultimately to the 60-year Iberian Union that saw Portugal share a monarch with Habsburg Spain. The next independent monarch of Portugal would be John IV, who restored the throne after 60 years of Spanish rule. He was the only cardinal to have served as a monarch.
Jackie Sherrard
Jackie Sherrard (born 9 June 1966) is a former English international football midfielder who won forty seven caps for England. She spent most of her career at  Doncaster Belles where she won the Women's FA Cup five times.

Women's FA Cup
The Women's FA Challenge Cup is the top annual cup tournament for women's clubs in English football. Founded in 1970, it has been named the WFA Cup, FA Women's Cup, and now Women's FA Cup (currently known as the Adobe Women's FA Cup for sponsorship reasons).

Designed as an equivalent to the FA Cup in men's football, the competition began in 1970–71 as the Mitre Challenge Trophy, organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). There were 71 entrants, including teams from Scotland and Wales.

The WFA ran the competition for the first 23 editions, during which time Southampton won the cup eight times. The Football Association (FA) began administering English women's football in mid-1993.

Arsenal holds the record for most titles overall, having won fourteen times. The current cup holders are Chelsea, who defeated Manchester United 3–0 in the 2025 final to win their sixth FA Cup title.
Lego Bricktales
Lego Bricktales is a puzzle adventure game developed by ClockStone Studio and published by Thunderful Publishing. It was released for Linux, macOS, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S on 12 October 2022, and for Android and iOS on 27 April 2023. A virtual/mixed reality version was released for Meta Quest 2, 3 and Pro on 7 December 2023. Lego Bricktales received generally positive reviews.

Thunderful Group
Thunderful Group AB is a Swedish video game holding company based in Gothenburg and subsidiary of the Atari SA holding company. It was founded in December 2019 through a merger between Thunderful AB (Bergsala Holding's video game holding) and Bergsala Holding's distribution business, consisting of Bergsala, Amo Toys, and Nordic Game Supply.

The former Thunderful had been founded in December 2017 between Bergsala Holding, Brjánn Sigurgeirsson, and Klaus Lyngeled, incorporating Sigurgeirsson and Lyngeled's indie game studios—Image & Form and Zoink—and acquiring the publisher Rising Star Games from Bergsala Holding in July 2018. Thunderful Group has since acquired further developers, the publisher Headup Games, and the consultancy firm Robot Teddy. Atari acquired Thunderful in August 2025.
Death on the Nile (1978 film)
Death on the Nile is a 1978 British mystery film based on Agatha Christie's 1937 novel of the same name, directed by John Guillermin and adapted by Anthony Shaffer. The film features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, played by Peter Ustinov for the first time, plus an all-star supporting cast that includes Maggie Smith, Angela Lansbury, Bette Davis, Mia Farrow, Jane Birkin, David Niven, George Kennedy, and Jack Warden. The film is a standalone sequel to the 1974 film Murder on the Orient Express.

It takes place in Egypt in 1937, mostly on a period paddle steamer on the Nile. Various famous Ancient Egyptian sights are featured in the film, such as the Great Pyramids, the Sphinx, and temples at Abu Simbel and Karnak.

Death on the Nile won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design at the 51st Academy Awards.

Karnak
The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak (/ˈkɑːr.næk/), comprises a vast mix of temples, pylons, chapels, and other buildings near Luxor, Egypt. Construction at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I (reigned 1971–1926 BC) in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000–1700 BC) and continued into the Ptolemaic Kingdom (305–30 BC), although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the 18th Dynastic Theban Triad, with the god Amun as its head.

It is part of the monumental city of Thebes, and in 1979 it was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List along with the rest of the city. Karnak gets its name from the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) north of Luxor.
Intimal hyperplasia
Intimal hyperplasia is the thickening of the tunica intima of a blood vessel as a complication of a reconstruction procedure or endarterectomy. Intimal hyperplasia is the universal response of a vessel to injury. It is a restenosis and this is an important reason of late bypass graft failure, particularly in vein and synthetic vascular grafts.

Graft (surgery)
Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another creature, without bringing its own blood supply with it.  Instead, a new blood supply grows in after it is placed.  A similar technique where tissue is transferred with the blood supply intact is called a flap.  In some instances, a graft can be an artificially manufactured device.  Examples of this are a tube to carry blood flow across a defect or from an artery to a vein for use in hemodialysis.
Mabel Hokin
Mabel Ruth Hokin (9 February 1924 – 17 August 2003) was a biochemist who spent most of her professional career conducting fundamental research in the University of Wisconsin Medical School. She is most well known for the work she did early in her career, along with then-husband Lowell Hokin, in the study of stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in secretory tissues, a key component of transmembrane signaling and many other cell regulatory processes which became known as the 'PI Effect'.

Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylinositol or inositol phospholipid is a biomolecule. It was initially called "inosite" when it was discovered by Léon Maquenne and Johann Joseph von Scherer in the late 19th century. It was discovered in bacteria but later also found in eukaryotes, and was found to be a signaling molecule.

The biomolecule can exist in nine different isomers. It is a lipid which contains a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and one inositol sugar molecule. Typically, the phosphate group has a negative charge (at physiological pH values). As a result, the molecule is amphiphilic.

The production of the molecule is limited to the endoplasmic reticulum.
My Beautiful Laundrette
My Beautiful Laundrette is a 1985 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Hanif Kureishi. It was one of the first films released by Working Title Films.

Set in London during the Thatcher years, the film reflects the fraught relationships between members of the Pakistani and English communities at that time. The story focuses on Omar (Gordon Warnecke), a British man of Pakistani origin, and his reunion and eventual romance with his childhood friend Johnny (Daniel Day-Lewis), now a street punk. The two become the caretakers and business managers of a launderette.

The British Film Institute ranked My Beautiful Laundrette as the 50th-greatest British film of the 20th century. It was adapted into a stage play in 2002 and 2019.

BFI Top 100 British films
In 1999, the British Film Institute surveyed 1,000 people from the world of British film and television to produce a list of the greatest British films of the 20th century. Voters were asked to choose up to 100 films that were "culturally British".
Cheap Girls
Cheap Girls were an American rock band from Lansing, Michigan. The band consisted of brothers Ian Graham (guitar, lead vocals) and Ben Graham (drums, back-up vocals), Jason Draper (Bass) and Adam Aymor (guitar). Formed in 2007, the band quickly began recording and touring, releasing their first album, Find Me a Drink Home in 2008. Together, they released four full-length studio albums. The band toured with bands such as Against Me!, The Gaslight Anthem, The Hold Steady, and The Bouncing Souls across the US and Europe. Their sound was often compared to The Replacements, The Lemonheads, and early Smoking Popes.

The Bouncing Souls
The Bouncing Souls are an American punk rock band from New Brunswick, New Jersey, formed in 1989. By the time of their acknowledgment by the national punk rock scene, they had reignited a "pogo" element to New Jersey punk rock by playing fast light-hearted songs, a model followed by various other local bands.
Akrafena
An afena (Twi to mean sword) is an Akan sword, originally meant for warfare but also forming part of Akan heraldry. The foremost example of an afena is the Mponponsuo (meaning "responsibility"), which belonged to Opoku Ware II. It has survived to the present day because it is still occasionally used in ceremonies, such as the Akwasidae Festival.

The expert use of afena is also a martial art, utilising the blade in conjunction with knives, improvised weapons, street-fighting, hand-to-hand combat, joint locks, grappling and weapon disarming techniques, as well as using the martial art of afena unarmed. The afena martial art is the national sport of the Ashanti Region.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Mazhar Saeed Shah
Mazhar Saeed Shah (Urdu: مظہر سعید شاہ) formerly known by the nom de guerre Abdullah Shah Mazhar (Urdu: عبد الله شاه مظهر) is a Pakistani Islamic scholar, former militant leader and politician from Neelum Valley of Azad Kashmir who served as the Minister for Information of AJK and is a member of the Azad Kashmir Assembly since 2021.

Neelum District
Neelum District (spelt also Neelam; Urdu: نیلم [niːləm], Kashmiri: نيٖلَم) is a district of Pakistan-administered territory of Azad Kashmir, in the disputed Kashmir region. It is the northernmost and the largest by land area of the ten districts of Azad Kashmir. Taking up the larger part of the Neelum Valley or the Kishanganga Valley, the district had a population of around 191,233 people as of the 2017 census. It was among the worst-hit areas of Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake.