hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lordship of the Canary Islands
The Lordship of the Canary Islands was a late medieval Lordship of the Crown of Castile that originally included all the islands of the Atlantic archipelago of the Canary Islands. It was created in 1402 by King Henry III of Castile in favor of the French knight Jean de Béthencourt, who had begun the conquest of the Canary Islands and had paid homage to the Castilian monarch.

Conquest of the Canary Islands
The conquest of the Canary Islands by the Crown of Castile took place between 1402 and 1496 in two periods: the Conquista señorial, carried out by Castilian nobility in exchange for a covenant of allegiance to the crown, and the Conquista realenga, carried out by the Spanish crown itself during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs. It has been described as the first instance of European settler colonialism in Africa, as well as a genocide due to the brutal treatment of the Islands' indigenous Guanches which contributed to their extinction as a distinct group.
Sagar Bhatia
Sagar Bhatia is an Indian Qawwali singer and composer based in Delhi, India. He is known for his renditions of popular tracks such as Kiven Mukhre Ton, Tere Jeya Hor Disda, and Je Tu Akhiyaan, as well as his original single Mera Ishq. His qawwali track Khudaya has been featured in the Akshay Kumar film Sarfira.

Sarfira
Sarfira (transl. Crazy) is a 2024 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Sudha Kongara and produced by 2D Entertainment, Abundantia Entertainment and Cape of Good Films starring Akshay Kumar, Paresh Rawal and Radhika Madan. It is a remake of Kongara's own Tamil film Soorarai Pottru (2020), which itself was an adaptation of G. R. Gopinath's memoir Simply Fly: A Deccan Odyssey. The film follows a man who sets out to make affordable airlines for low income people, which several enemies try to impede.

The remake was officially announced in July 2021 as Project 1, marking the maiden venture of 2D Entertainment in Hindi, and the official title was announced in February 2024. Principal photography commenced in April 2022. The film has music composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar. It marks Akshay Kumar's 150th film in a leading role.

Sarfira was released in theatres worldwide on 12 July 2024. It received mixed reviews from critics who praised Kumar's performance.
M7 (Cape Town)
The M7, also named Jakes Gerwel Drive (previously Vanguard Drive; renamed on 18 January 2015), is a limited-access road and metropolitan route in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. It connects Acacia Park with Rocklands on the False Bay Coast via the Cape Flats.

Rocklands, Mitchells Plain
Rocklands is a neighborhood in the southwestern corner of the Mitchells Plain urban area of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The community of Strandfontein is to its immediate west.

On 20 August 1983 the United Democratic Front, an important anti-apartheid organisation, was founded at the Rocklands Community Hall.
Michael A. Taylor
Michael Anthony Taylor (born March 26, 1991) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals, Kansas City Royals, Minnesota Twins, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago White Sox.

Taylor was selected by the Nationals in the sixth round of the 2009 MLB draft, made his MLB debut with them in 2014, and was a member of the 2019 World Series championship team. He spent most of his career with the Nationals, where he was a strong performer in postseason play. In 2017, he became the first MLB player in history with four or more RBIs in back-to-back playoff games. In 2019, he helped spark the team's comeback in the Wild Card Game and contributed throughout their World Series-winning postseason run. Generally considered an elite defender, he won a Gold Glove Award and Fielding Bible Award in 2021.

Adam Eaton (outfielder)
Adam Cory Eaton (born December 6, 1988) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and current first base coach for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Chicago White Sox, Washington Nationals, and Angels.

Eaton played college baseball for Miami University before the Diamondbacks selected him in the 19th round of the 2010 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut in 2012 with the Diamondbacks, and played with them through the 2013 season, when they traded him to the White Sox. He played for the White Sox from 2014 to 2016 and the Nationals from 2017 to 2020. He was also a member of the Nationals' 2019 World Series champion team.

In 2022, he was hired as the Director of Player Development for the Michigan State Spartans baseball team.
Death Rides the Plains
Death Rides the Plains is a 1943 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Joseph O'Donnell. The film stars Robert Livingston as the Lone Rider and Al St. John as his sidekick "Fuzzy Jones", with Patti McCarty, Ray Bennett, I. Stanford Jolley and George Chesebro. The film was released on May 7, 1943, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

This is the fourteenth movie in the Lone Rider series, and the third starring Robert Livingston. The first eleven movies star George Houston.

George Chesebro
George Newell Chesebro (July 29, 1888 – May 28, 1959) was an American film actor. He appeared in more than 400 films between 1915 and 1954. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and died in Los Angeles, California.
Aomori West Bypass
The Aomori West Bypass (青森西バイパス Aomori Nishi Bypass) is a major highway located entirely in the city of Aomori in northern Japan. The highway main function is to link the western part of the city to its center. Signed as National Route 7, it connects the main section of National Route 7 to the northern terminus of National Route 4, meeting at Hakko Dori in front of the prefecture office of Aomori. The route also carries National Route 101 to its northern terminus at National Route 4 as well.

Japan National Route 101
National Route 101 (国道101号, Kokudō Hyakuichigō) is a national highway of Japan connecting the capitals of Aomori and Akita prefectures, Aomori and Akita in northern Japan, with a total length of 241.6 kilometers (150.1 mi). The majority of the highway travels along the coast of the Sea of Japan, paralleling the more inland National Route 7. The present-day highway largely follows the path of the Ōmagoe-kaidō, an Edo period road that linked the Kubota and Hirosaki feudal domains.
Fulton Tower
Fulton Tower is a ruined 16th century tower house, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south west of Jedburgh, Scottish Borders, Scotland, and about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Bedrule, east of the Rule Water.

Alternatively the castle may be called Rule Water or Fulton Farm.

Bedrule
Bedrule (Scottish Gaelic: Ruail Bheathaig) is a hamlet and civil parish in the historic county of Roxburghshire in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. The hamlet lies on the east side of the Rule Water, which gave the village its name, about 4 miles west of Jedburgh. It lies south of the A698 between Hawick and Jedburgh. Other local place-names based on the river include Hallrule, Abbotrule, Ruletownhead and Spittal-on-Rule.
Larger settlements include Bonchester Bridge and Denholm, as well as Hawick and Jedburgh.

The Rule Water forms the western boundary of the parish, separating it from Hobkirk and Cavers. The north-west boundary is on or near the Teviot, beyond which lies Ancrum. The parish is bounded on the east and south by Jedburgh parish.

Bedrule lies on the path of the Borders Abbeys Way, a long-distance trail.

The civil parish has a population of 185 (in 2011).
Ernst Hammerschmidt
Ernst Eduard Maria Hammerschmidt (29 April 1928 – 16 December 1993) was a scholar of Ethiopia as well as Ethiopian Christianity.  From 1970 to 1990 he was professor for African languages and cultures at the University of Hamburg, specializing in Ethiopian studies: history, culture, religion, and classical Ethiopic literature.  He also spent much of his life as a priest in the Old Catholic Church of Austria, and served as coadjutor bishop from 1991 to 1993.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
Below Deck Adventure
Below Deck Adventure is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on November 1, 2022. The show is the 4th spin-off of the Below Deck franchise, after Below Deck Mediterranean, Below Deck Sailing Yacht and Below Deck Down Under. The show takes place on and off the luxury yacht "Mercury" which cruises among the fjords of Norway. Building on the concept of the previous shows, this version of the show incorporates off-ship activities such as parasailing, bicycling and rock climbing engaged in by the yacht guests and crew. The show was filmed between July 25, 2021 and September 14, 2021, and was based out of the town of Ålesund, Norway.

Below Deck Mediterranean
Below Deck Mediterranean is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on May 3, 2016. Developed as the first spin-off of Below Deck, it has aired ten seasons. The tenth season premiered on September 29, 2025.

The series chronicles the lives of the crew members who work and reside aboard a 150-foot-plus superyacht during a charter season in Greece (seasons 1 and 9), Croatia (seasons 2 and 6), Italy (seasons 3 and 8), France (season 4), Spain (seasons 5 and 10) and Malta (season 7) which consists of filming for around six weeks with the cast temporarily replacing the conventional crew. All seasons are currently available on Peacock streaming service.
Paolo De Maria
Paolo De Maria (30 October 1891 – 17 February 1968) was an Italian Fascist politician and soldier, prefect of the province of Frosinone and later of the province of Savona during the Italian Social Republic.

Province of Frosinone
The province of Frosinone (Italian: provincia di Frosinone) is a province in the Lazio region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Frosinone. It has an area of 3,247 square kilometres (1,254 sq mi) and a total population of 493,605 (2016). The province contains 91 comuni (sg.: comune), listed in the comuni of the province of Frosinone.

The province was established by royal decree on 6 December 1926 with territories belonging to the then provinces of Rome and Caserta. The areas of the then province of Caserta were the left valley of the Liri-Garigliano river, the district of Sora, the Valle di Comino, the district of Cassino, the Gulf of Formia and Gaeta, the Pontine Islands, which until then had been for centuries included in the Province called Terra di Lavoro, of the Kingdom of Naples (or of the Two Sicilies). Most of these territories were part of the ancient Latium adiectum.
Peter Hadfield (athlete)
Peter Robert Hadfield  (born 21 January 1955) is an Australian Olympic athlete who competed in the decathlon.

Hadfield won a total of nine Australian Championships in Athletics between 1976 and 1985. He didn't compete in the National Championships in 1978 as he was living in Paris at the time, training there for the Edmonton Commonwealth Games. He was the best decathlete in Australia for ten years from his first nationals win in 1976, when he broke the Australian record, until he retired after the National Championships in 1985. Although he was the National Champion and record holder for the decathlon he was not selected to compete in the Montreal Olympics that year. He competed at the two following Olympic Games in Moscow (1980), (finishing 4th behind Thompson) and Los Angeles (1984) and two Commonwealth Games in Edmonton (1978) and Brisbane (1982), winning the silver medal, behind Daley Thompson in the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton.

Daley Thompson
Francis Morgan Ayodélé Thompson, CBE (born 30 July 1958) is an English former decathlete. He won the decathlon gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984, and broke the world record for the event four times. He was unbeaten in competition for nine years.

With four world records, two Olympic gold medals, three Commonwealth titles and wins in the World and European Championships, Thompson is considered by many to be the greatest decathlete of all time, and was described in The Independent as "the world's greatest all-round athlete." His autobiography, Daley: Olympic Superstar, was published in 2024.
Ellen Lee
Ellen Lee Geck Hoon (Chinese: 李玉云; pinyin: Lǐ Yùyún; born 13 April 1957) is a former politician in Singapore. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), she was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Sembawang Group Representation Constituency for Woodlands ward from 27 April 2006 to 11 September 2015. She also holds a job at Singaporean law firm Ramdas and Wong. She replaced Chin Tet Yung as the MP for  Sembawang Group Representation Constituency on 27 April 2006 and was succeeded by Amrin Amin on 11 September 2015.

Amrin Amin
Mohamed Amrin bin Mohamed Amin (born 5 October 1978) is a Singaporean solicitor, lawyer and politician. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Woodlands ward of Sembawang Group Representation Constituency (GRC) between 2015 and 2020.

Amrin served as Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs between 2015 and 2018, and Parliamentary Secretary for Health between 2017 and 2018 and  Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs and Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Health concurrently between 2018 and 2020, .

During the 2020 general election, Amrin contested in the newly formed Sengkang GRC as part of a four-member PAP team, led by Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Ng Chee Meng, but failed to get elected after losing to the opposition Workers' Party team.
Relativity Records
Relativity Records was an American record label founded by Barry Kobrin at the site of his vinyl record shop, Important Record Distributors (IRD) in metropolitan New York City. The IRD distribution name was later known as RED Distribution and again as RED Music.

Relativity released music that covered a wide variety of musical genres. When it entered into a deal with Sony Music Entertainment, it became more known for its heavy metal and hip hop releases.

In 1999, Relativity was folded into Steve Rifkind's Loud Records, which in turn was shut down by Sony Music in 2002, with its parent distributor, RED Distribution, maintaining its existence, but later as RED Music, being merged into the Orchard in 2017 by Sony.

Steve Rifkind
Steven Rifkind (born March 2, 1962) is an American music entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of Loud Records and SRC Records. He is associated with artists such as Wu Tang Clan, Mobb Deep, Akon, David Banner, Asher Roth, Joell Ortiz, and Big Pun. Rifkind has also launched marketing campaigns for companies such as T-Mobile, Adidas, SanDisk, Nike, Pepsi, Levi Jeans, and Starter. According to XXL magazine, he is "responsible for breaking in some of hip-hop's biggest artists in his 25 years in the business".
Aberystwyth Castle
Aberystwyth Castle (Welsh: Castell Aberystwyth) is a Grade I listed Edwardian fortress located in Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Mid Wales. It was built in response to the First Welsh War in the late 13th century, replacing an earlier fortress located a mile to the south. During a national uprising by Owain Glyndŵr, the Welsh captured the castle in 1404, but it was recaptured by the English four years later. From 1637 it housed a Royal mint of Charles I, which minted coins from locally mined silver. The castle was slighted by Oliver Cromwell in 1649.

Slighting
Slighting is the deliberate damage of high-status buildings to reduce their value as military, administrative, or social structures. This destruction of property is sometimes extended to the contents of buildings and the surrounding landscape. It is a phenomenon with complex motivations and was often used as a tool of control. Slighting spanned cultures and periods, with especially well-known examples from the English Civil War in the 17th century.
London Irish Rifles
The London Irish Rifles (LIR) was a reserve infantry regiment  and then company of the British Army. The unit's final incarnation was as D (London Irish Rifles) Company, the London Regiment.  On 1 April 2022 soldiers in the company transferred to foot guards regiments and the company became No 15 (Loos) Company, Irish Guards.

56th (London) Infantry Division
The 56th (London) Infantry Division was a Territorial Army infantry division of the British Army, which served under several different titles and designations. The division served in the trenches of the Western Front during the First World War. Demobilised after the war, the division was reformed in 1920 and saw active service again in the Second World War in Tunisia and Italy. The division was again disbanded in 1946 and reformed first as an armoured formation and then as an infantry division before final disbandment in 1961.
Emma Regan
Emma Rose Regan (born January 28, 2000) is a Canadian international soccer player who plays as a midfielder or defender for Denver Summit FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the Canada national team.

Denver Summit FC
Denver Summit FC is an American professional soccer team based in the Denver metropolitan area that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). It was accepted as an expansion team on January 30, 2025, and will begin play in the 2026 season.
Poaching (cooking)
Poaching is a cooking technique that involves heating food submerged in a liquid, such as water, milk, stock or wine. Poaching is differentiated from the other "moist heat" cooking methods, such as simmering and boiling, in that it uses a relatively lower temperature (about 70–80 °C or 158–176 °F). This temperature range makes it particularly suitable for delicate food, such as eggs, poultry, fish and fruit, which might easily fall apart or dry out using other cooking methods. Poaching is often considered a healthy cooking method because it does not use fat for cooking or flavoring the food.

Sous vide
Sous vide (/suː ˈviːd/; French for 'under vacuum'), also known as low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) cooking, is a method of cooking invented by the French chef Georges Pralus in 1974, in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath for longer than usual cooking times (usually one to seven hours, and more than three days in some cases) at a precisely regulated temperature.

The temperature is much lower than usually used for cooking, typically around 55 to 60 °C (130 to 140 °F) for red meat, 66 to 71 °C (150 to 160 °F) for poultry, and higher for vegetables. The intent is to cook the item evenly, ensuring that the inside is properly cooked without overcooking the outside, and to retain moisture.
Y. D. Sharma (professor)
Yagya Dutta Sharma (born 22 July 1951) is an Indian molecular biologist, professor and head of the department of biotechnology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi. An elected fellow of all three major Indian science academies — Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences, and National Academy of Sciences, India — Sharma is known for his research on the molecular biology of malaria. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology for his contributions to medical sciences in 1994.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
2016 Lega Basket Serie A Finals
The 2016 Lega Basket Serie A Finals was the championship series of the 2015–16 regular season, of the Lega Basket Serie A, the highest professional basketball league in Italy, and the conclusion of the season's playoffs. The 2015–16 regular season champion EA7 Emporio Armani Milano possessing home advantage (with the first two, the fifth and the seventh games at the Mediolanum Forum) and the second placed Grissin Bon Reggio Emilia contested for the title in a best-of-7 showdown, from June 3 to 15, 2016. 
These were the second Finals for Grissin Bon Reggio Emilia.

EA7 Emporio Armani Milano won their 27th title bt beating Grissin Bon Reggio Emilia in game 6 of the Finals.

Rakim Sanders of the EA7 Emporio Armani Milano was named MVP in the league's Finals series of the playoffs.

Pallacanestro Reggiana
Pallacanestro Reggiana, also simply known as Reggiana or Reggio Emilia, currently known for sponsorship reasons as Unahotels Reggio Emilia, is an Italian professional basketball team based in Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna. It plays in the LBA as of the 2025–26 season.
R v Dytham
R v Dytham [1979] QB 722 is an English criminal law case dealing with liability for omissions. The court upheld the common law mantra that if there is a duty to act, then failure to do so is an offence.

A police officer from St. Helens, witnessed the death of a nightclubber outside Cindy's nightclub but took no action to help because, had he reported it then Dytham would have had to stay beyond the end of his shift. The defendant was convicted of the common law offence of misconduct in a public office. The court rejected the defendant's contention that this offence required malfeasance, or at least misfeasance, and did not extend to non-feasance.

The court held that as a police officer, he had a duty of care to all of society, unlike civilians, in which case, there is no duty to put oneself at harm.

Misfeasance
Misfeasance, nonfeasance, and malfeasance are types of failure to discharge public obligations existing by common law, custom, or statute.

The Carta de Logu caused Eleanor of Arborea to be remembered as one of the first lawmakers to set up the crime of misfeasance.
Up Marden
Up Marden is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Compton, in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is on the South Downs 7 miles (11 km) north-west of Chichester, close to East Marden and North Marden. In 1931 the parish had a population of 266.

There are neolithic and Roman sites in the area. Recorded history of the settlement starts in the 10th century and a church was in existence by 1121. The present church building is of Norman style construction and the church has remained almost unchanged. It has been described as having one of the loveliest interiors in England. The landscape, which is protected within the South Downs National Park, is based on chalk rock strata formed in the Late Cretaceous.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.