hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zunge Tour
The Zunge Tour was a concert tour by German singer Till Lindemann, in support of his debut solo album, Zunge, which was released a few days before the start of the tour. The tour was under the critical observation of the media and the public, as the singer was accused the same year of systematic abuse of power and drugging of women at and after Rammstein and Lindemann concerts. It began on 8 November 2023, in Leipzig and ended on 20 October 2024 in São Paulo in Brazil.

Lindemann played mostly in Europe and North America, but also three concerts in Mexico and one concert in Brazil.

Lindemann (band)
Lindemann was a German musical project fronted by vocalist Till Lindemann. It was formed in 2014 as a super-duo alongside Swedish multi-instrumentalist Peter Tägtgren. Tägtgren originally defined their sound as a cross between his project Pain and Lindemann's main band Rammstein, adding "at least it's a mix of Rammstein vocals and Pain music." Together, they released two studio albums Skills in Pills (2015) and F & M (2019), as well as the live album Live in Moscow (2021). After Tägtgren's departure from the band in 2020, Lindemann started releasing music under his own name.
Systems modeling
Systems modeling or system modeling is the interdisciplinary study of the use of models to conceptualize and construct systems in business and IT development.

A common type of systems modeling is function modeling, with specific techniques such as the Functional Flow Block Diagram and IDEF0. These models can be extended using functional decomposition, and can be linked to requirements models for further systems partition.

Contrasting the functional modeling, another type of systems modeling is architectural modeling which uses the systems architecture to conceptually model the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a workflow, can also be considered to be a systems modeling language.

Systems architecture
A system architecture is the conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and views of a system. An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.

A system architecture can consist of system components and the sub-systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. There have been efforts to formalize languages to describe system architecture, collectively these are called architecture description languages (ADLs).
Jefferson Mays
Lewis Jefferson Mays (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Tony Award, a Helen Hayes Award, a Lucille Lortel Award, two Drama Desk Awards, two Outer Critics Circle Awards and three Obie Awards.

Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given since 1956 by The Village Voice newspaper to theater artists and groups involved in off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. Starting just after the 2014 ceremony, the American Theatre Wing became the joint presenter and administrative manager of the Obie Awards. The Obie Awards are considered off-Broadway's highest honor, similar to the Tony Awards for Broadway productions.
Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.

Gender symbol
A gender symbol is a pictogram or glyph used to represent sex and gender, for example in biology and medicine, in genealogy, or in the sociological fields of gender politics, LGBT subculture and identity politics.

In his books Mantissa Plantarum (1767) and Mantissa Plantarum Altera (1771), Carl Linnaeus regularly used the planetary symbols of Mars, Venus and Mercury (♂, ♀ and ☿) for male, female and hermaphroditic (perfect) flowers, respectively. Botanists now use ⚥ for the last.

In genealogy, including kinship in anthropology and pedigrees in animal husbandry, the geometric shapes △ or □ are used for male and ○ for female. These are also used on public toilets in some countries.

The modern international pictograms used to indicate male and female public toilets, 🚹︎ and 🚺︎, became widely used in the 1960s and 1970s. They are sometimes abstracted to ▽ for male and △ for female.
Rule of replacement
In logic, a rule of replacement is a transformation rule that may be applied to only a particular segment of an expression. A logical system may be constructed so that it uses either axioms, rules of inference, or both as transformation rules for logical expressions in the system. Whereas a rule of inference is always applied to a whole logical expression, a rule of replacement may be applied to only a particular segment. Within the context of a logical proof, logically equivalent expressions may replace each other. Rules of replacement are used in propositional logic to manipulate propositions.

Common rules of replacement include de Morgan's laws, commutation, association, distribution, double negation, transposition, material implication, logical equivalence, exportation, and tautology.

Well-formed formula
In mathematical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet, constructed following the defined grammar of a formal language.

The abbreviation wff is pronounced "woof", or sometimes "wiff", "weff", or "whiff".

A formal language can be identified with the set of formulas in the language. A formula is a syntactic object that can be given a semantic meaning by means of an interpretation. Two key uses of formulas are in propositional logic and predicate logic.
Jacob B. Snyder
Jacob B. Snyder (July 2, 1866 – April 7, 1951) was an American politician and lawyer from Ohio. He served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing Starrk County from 1898 to 1902.

Stark County, Ohio
Stark County is a county located in the northeastern part of U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 374,853. Its county seat is Canton. The county was created in 1808 and organized the next year. It is named for John Stark, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.

Stark County is included in the Canton-Massillon, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area.
Dettmar Cramer
Dettmar Cramer (4 April 1925 – 17 September 2015) was a German football manager who led Bayern Munich to the 1975 and 1976 European Cups. He was born in Dortmund. Cramer is commonly considered to be the father of modern football in Japan and was a member of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd Class. He coached the Egypt national football team and also briefly coached the United States national team.

1974–75 European Cup
The 1974–75 season was the 20th season of the European Cup, an annual football tournament for the champion clubs of the member nations of UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations). It was won for the second consecutive time by Bayern Munich in the final against Leeds United, the first English side to reach the final since Manchester United won it seven years earlier and only the second in the history of the competition.
Miodentosaurus
Miodentosaurus is a genus of thalattosaurian (a type of extinct marine reptile) from the Late Triassic of China. It is one of several thalattosaurs found in the Xiaowa Formation, also known as the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation. The genus name "Miodentosaurus" translates to "Few toothed-lizard" while the species name "brevis" means "short", in reference to its short snout.

Xiaowa Formation
The Xiaowa Formation is a Carnian-age geological formation found in southern China. It is a sequence of limestone and marls from the Carnian stage of the Triassic. Its lower section was previously known as the Wayao Formation or Wayao Member of the Falang Formation (a nomenclature still used by some authors). In 2002, the Wayao Member was renamed and raised to the Xiaowa Formation to prevent confusion with an Eocene unit of the same name. Crinoids and marine reptiles are abundant in the Xiaowa Formation, forming a lagerstätte known as the Guanling biota. Ammonoids and conodonts found in the formation constrain its age to the early Carnian. Reptiles of the Guanling biota include ichthyosaurs, thalattosaurs, placodonts, and Odontochelys (an early relative of turtles). Sedimentary events within this formation have been tied to the Carnian Pluvial Event.
Nitendra Singh Rathore
Nitendra Brajendra Singh Rathore is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 2023, representing Prithvipur Assembly constituency as a Member of the Indian National Congress.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Eldor Shomurodov
Eldor Azamat oʻgʻli Shomurodov (born 29 June 1995) is an Uzbek professional footballer who plays as a forward for Süper Lig club İstanbul Başakşehir, on loan from Serie A club Roma, and captains the Uzbekistan national team.

Shomurodov played in his homeland for Mash'al Mubarek and Bunyodkor, before spending three years with Rostov in the Russian Premier League. In 2020, he moved to Genoa in Serie A for €8 million and a year later Roma for €17.5 million, followed by loan spells at Spezia and Cagliari.

After helping the under-20 team to the quarter-finals of the 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Shomurodov made his full international debut for Uzbekistan later that year, and represented the country at the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. He also captained his team to qualify for the first World Cup appearance. With 43 goals, he is the nation's all-time top scorer.

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Guilá Naquitz Cave
Guilá Naquitz Cave in Oaxaca, Mexico, is the site of early domestication of several food crops, including teosinte (an ancestor of maize), squash from the genus Cucurbita, bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria), and beans. This site is the location of the earliest known evidence for domestication of any crop on the continent, Cucurbita pepo, as well as the earliest known domestication of maize.

Macrofossil evidence for both crops is present in the cave. However, in the case of maize, pollen studies and geographical distribution of modern maize suggests that maize was domesticated in another region of Mexico.

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus Cucurbita. It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo, called summer squash.

It has been domesticated in the Americas for thousands of years, from where it was spread by early colonisers to Europe and later across the rest of the Old World in the context of the Columbian Exchange. Some authors maintain that C. pepo is derived from C. texana, while others suggest that C. texana is merely feral C. pepo. They have a wide variety of uses, especially as a food source. C. pepo seems more closely related to C. fraterna, though disagreements exist about the exact nature of that connection, too.

It is a host species for the melonworm moth, the squash vine borer, and the pickleworm. They are also the preferred pollen source for squash bees, which are the primary pollinators in the Americas.
Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP)
Botafogo Futebol Clube, commonly referred to as Botafogo-SP or Botafogo de Ribeirão Preto, is a Brazilian association football club in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. They currently play in the Série B, the second tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A1, the top tier of the São Paulo state football league.

The club's home colours are red, white and black and the team mascot is a panther.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Ganesha (psychedelic)
Ganesha (G or G-0), also known as 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine or as 3-methyl-DOM, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is the 3-methyl derivative of DOM and the amphetamine (α-methyl) derivative of 2C-G. The drug is taken orally.

Methyl group
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me. This hydrocarbon group occurs in many organic compounds. It is a very stable group in most molecules. While the methyl group is usually part of a larger molecule, bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single covalent bond (−CH3), it can be found on its own in any of three forms: methanide anion (CH−3), methylium cation (CH+3) or methyl radical (CH•3). The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three forms are highly reactive and rarely observed.
Martin Hodgson
Martin Hodgson (26 March 1909 – 23 July 1991) was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Lauded as one of the game's greatest ever second-rows, he represented Great Britain, England and Cumberland on many occasions. Hodgson played his entire club career with Swinton with whom he won two Championships. He toured Australasia in 1932 and 1936 with the Great Britain lions, and became the only British forward to appear in five Ashes-winning squads, between 1929 and 1937.

Men's rugby league Ashes
The Ashes series is a best-of-three series of test matches between Australia and England national rugby league football teams.

Named after the cricket series of the same name, the series was initially contested between the Australia and Great Britain national teams. The series first took place in 1908, and was contested 39 times until 2003, with hosting usually alternating between the two countries. Since 1973, Australia has won a record thirteen consecutive Ashes series.

After a hiatus of over 20 years, the Ashes series was revived in 2025. The series will continue as a best-of-three test match series between Australia and England.
1998 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament
The 1998 Atlantic 10 Men's Basketball Tournament was played from March 4 to March 7, 1998 at the CoreStates Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The winner was named champion of the Atlantic 10 Conference and received an automatic bid to the 1998 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. Xavier University won the tournament.

Spectrum (arena)
The Spectrum (later known as CoreStates Spectrum, First Union Spectrum and Wachovia Spectrum) was an indoor arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The arena opened in September 1967 as part of what is now known as the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. After several expansions of its seating capacity, it accommodated 18,168 for basketball and 17,380 for ice hockey, arena football, indoor soccer, and box lacrosse. It was the home arena for the Philadelphia Flyers and the Philadelphia 76ers from 1967 to 1996 before both moved to the CoreStates Center (known as Spectrum II during planning and construction, and currently named Xfinity Mobile Arena). The Spectrum continued to be used for concerts and as the home for other sports teams including a new AHL affiliate for the Flyers, the Philadelphia Phantoms.

The final event at the Spectrum was a Pearl Jam concert on October 31, 2009. The arena was demolished between November 2010 and May 2011.
Bernhard Karlgren
Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbæ̌ːɳaɖ ˈkɑ̂ːɭɡreːn]; 15 October 1889 – 20 October 1978) was a Swedish sinologist and linguist who pioneered the study of Chinese historical phonology using modern comparative methods. In the early 20th century, Karlgren conducted large surveys  of the varieties of Chinese and studied historical information on rhyming in ancient Chinese poetry, then used them to create the first ever complete reconstructions of what are now called Middle Chinese and Old Chinese.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Viscount Mills
Viscount Mills, of Kensington in the County of London, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 August 1962 for the Conservative politician Percy Mills, 1st Baron Mills. He had already been created a Baronet, of Alcester in the County of Warwick, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 1 July 1953, and as Baron Mills, of Studley in the County of Warwick, on 22 January 1957, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. As of 2017 the titles are held by his grandson, the third Viscount, who succeeded his father in 1988.

Percy Mills, 1st Viscount Mills
Percy Herbert Mills, 1st Viscount Mills, KBE, PC (4 January 1890 – 10 September 1968), known as Sir Percy Mills, Bt, between 1953 and 1957 and as The Lord Mills between 1957 and 1962, was a British industrialist, public servant and politician.
Tetyana Vilkul
Tetyana Leonidivna Vilkul (Ukrainian: Тетяна Леонідівна Вілкул; born 12 January 1969) is a Ukrainian historian specialising in medieval Ukrainian history, and a senior research fellow of the Institute of History of Ukraine. She is known as one of the scholars who reinvigorated scientific interest and research efforts into textual criticism of the Primary Chronicle (PVL) in the early 21st century.

Institute of History of Ukraine
Institute of History of Ukraine is a research institute in Ukraine that is part of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine department of history, philosophy and law and studies a wide spectrum of problems in history of Ukraine. The institute is located in Kyiv.
German submarine U-167 (1942)
German submarine U-167 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built for service during World War II.
Her keel was laid down on 12 March 1941 by the Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG in Bremen as yard number 706. She was launched on 5 March 1942 and commissioned on 4 July with Kapitänleutnant Kurt Neubert in command.

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 December 1942 for operations. She was a member of three wolfpacks. She sank one ship of 5,449 gross register tons (GRT) and damaged another of 7,200 GRT.

She was scuttled on 6 April 1943.

10th U-boat Flotilla
The 10th U-boat Flotilla (German 10. Unterseebootsflottille) was a German U-boat flotilla used for front-line combat purposes during World War II. Founded on 15 January 1942 at Lorient under the command of Korvettenkapitän Günther Kuhnke, eighty U-boats, including two captured Dutch submarines, operated with this flotilla before it was dissolved on 21 August 1944, and the remaining U-boats were moved to bases in Norway and Germany. Kuhnke himself took command of U-853, the last U-boat to leave, on 27 August 1944 to sail to Flensburg where he assumed command of 33rd U-boat Flotilla.
Idle Hour Café
Idle Hour Café, also known as Idle Hour, is a historic bar and restaurant located at 4824 Vineland Avenue in North Hollywood's NoHo Arts District in Los Angeles, California. Opened in 1941, it is best known for the programmatic architecture of the building it is in. The building was declared Los Angeles Cultural-Historic Monument #977 in 2010.

Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument
Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments are sites which have been designated by the Los Angeles, California, Cultural Heritage Commission as worthy of preservation based on architectural, historic and cultural criteria.
Gabriel Bozan
Gabriel Bozan (born 15 January 1993) is a Romanian professional kickboxer. He currently competes in the Welterweight division in the Colosseum Tournament. Bozan is a former ISKA World Middleweight Champion. A professional competitor since 2011, he formerly competed for Superkombat Fighting Championship, Vendetta and Golden Fighter Championship. Bozan is also a former national junior Karate champion and junior European champion. He holds the black belt.

ISKA (sports governing body)
The ISKA (originally International Sport Karate Association, later also called the International Sport Kickboxing Association) is  international bodies regulating sport karate and kickboxing matches.
It is based in the United States. It was established in 1985 as a response to legal and revenue issues that sent the Professional Karate Association (PKA) into decline.