hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aleksandr Baranov (general)
Aleksandr Ivanovich Baranov (13 May 1946 – 12 March 2025) was a Russian general of the army who commanded the Volga–Ural Military District from 2001 to 2004 and the North Caucasus Military District from 2004 to 2008. He served in the Second Chechen War and was a recipient of the title Hero of the Russian Federation.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
2009–10 Santosh Trophy
The 2010 Santosh Trophy was the 64th edition of the tournament. All matches of the tournament from the quarter-finals stage were played at the Yuva Bharati Krirangan (Salt Lake Stadium) in Kolkata. The tournament began on 16 July 2010 and ended on 8 August 2010 when the final match was played between Bengal and Punjab.

Bengal defeated Punjab 2–1 to lift the trophy for a record 30th time.

Salt Lake Stadium
The Salt Lake Stadium, officially known as Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan (VYBK), is a multi-purpose stadium, used mostly for football matches, located in Salt Lake City, Greater Kolkata, with a capacity of 85,000 spectators. Named after Swami Vivekananda, the stadium is one of the home grounds of East Bengal FC and Mohun Bagan SG. The stadium hosted the final match of the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup, alongside other matches of the tournament.

The stadium switched back to natural grass from artificial turf, unveiled in a Kolkata Derby match between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan during the 2016 Calcutta Premier Division match.
December 2022 Ménaka region clashes
Between December 3 and 10, 2022, militants from Islamic State in the Greater Sahara and al-Qaeda-linked Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashed in eastern Mali, at the river between the towns of Tadjalalt and Haroum.

Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin
Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (Arabic: جماعة نصرة الإسلام والمسلمين, JNIM; French: Groupe de soutien à l'islam et aux musulmans, GSIM; lit. 'Support Group for Islam and Muslims') is a Salafi Jihadist organisation in the Maghreb and West Africa formed by the merger of Ansar Dine, al-Mourabitoun and the Saharan branch of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (a militant wing of Al-Qaeda). Its leaders swore allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri.

In the early 2020s, JNIM was reported to be the fastest-growing  militant organization in the world. As of 2025, it is considered the most heavily armed militant group in the Sahel and one of the most powerful globally. The group operates a decentralized proto-state model in areas under its control, enforcing a strict interpretation of Islamic law and collecting taxes. Its influence is presently expanding southward into coastal West African countries, including Benin and Togo.
Anthonio (song)
"Anthonio" is a song by Norwegian singer and songwriter Annie from the special edition of her second studio album, Don't Stop (2009). The song was written by Annie, Richard X and Hannah Robinson, and produced by Richard X. The track was released as a single on 4 May 2009 by Pleasure Masters, marking Annie's debut on the label. It was released digitally and in limited edition CD and 12" formats.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Andrew Chew
Andrew Chew Guan Khuan DUNU DUBC PJG PPA(E) (11 October 1929 – 29 February 2012) was a Singaporean physician, former head of the Singapore Civil Service (1984–1994) and former chairman of the Public Service Commission (1998–2008).

An Eisenhower Fellow, Chew also served as chairman of Yaohan Singapore, Singapore Biotech Pte Ltd and the Central Provident Fund.

Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang
The Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (English: Distinguished Service Order) is a Singaporean national honour instituted in 1968. It was created to replace the Pingat Bakti Chemerlang (English: Distinguished Service Medal) and is awarded to any person who has performed within Singapore any act or series of acts which constitute distinguished conduct. It may be awarded to people performing acts of distinguished conduct outside Singapore under special circumstances.

The medal of the Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang is worn as a neck decoration pendant from a ribbon. Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters DUBC.

The military equivalent of the award is the Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (Tentera).
Lezyne
Lezyne is a manufacturer of bicycle accessories headquartered in Reno, Nevada, with offices in San Luis Obispo, Berlin and Taichung. The company is known for producing pumps, multi-tools, saddle bags, bottle cages, lights and GPS cyclocomputers. Most of their products are manufactured in-house at their factory in Taichung, Taiwan. In addition to selling products in the aftermarket, Lezyne is an original equipment manufacturer for electric bicycle lights.

Cyclocomputer
A cyclocomputer, cycle computer, cycling computer or cyclometer is a device mounted on a bicycle that calculates and displays trip information, similar to the instruments in the dashboard of a car. The computer with display, or head unit, usually is attached to the handlebar for easy viewing. Some GPS watches can also be used as display.
Effects cymbal
Effects cymbals are a diverse category of cymbals designed to bring unique texture, color, and character to your drum kit. This group includes chinas, stacks, and other unconventional types that deliver distinctive, often unpredictable sounds—from sharp and bright to dark and trashy. Perfect for adding punchy accents, highlighting rhythms, or exploring experimental tones, effects cymbals are essential tools for drummers looking to expand their sonic palette.

This classification is widely accepted but enigmatic. When pang and swish cymbals are used as ride cymbals they are not considered effects cymbals, despite their exotic tone. On the other hand, the most common six-piece cymbal setup consists of hi-hats, ride cymbal, two crash cymbals of slightly different sizes and possibly weights, one splash and one china type, so effects cymbals must be considered a standard part of an extended drum kit.

Ride cymbal
The ride cymbal is a cymbal of material sustain used to maintain a beat in music.  A standard in most drum kits, the ride's function is to maintain a steady pattern, sometimes called a ride pattern, rather than provide the accent of a crash cymbal. It is normally placed on the extreme right (or dominant hand) of a drum set, above the floor tom.  It is often described as delivering a "shimmering" sound when struck soundly with a drumstick, and a clear ping when struck atop its bell.

The ride can fulfill any function or rhythm the hi-hat cymbal does, with the exception of an open and closed sound.
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American action adventure film based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood and loosely set in the 12th century. Directed by Kevin Reynolds and written by Pen Densham and John Watson, the film stars Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlett, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Marian, and Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham.

The film received mixed reviews from critics. It was a box office success, grossing $390.5 million worldwide, making it the second-highest-grossing film of 1991. Rickman received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance as George, Sheriff of Nottingham. The theme song "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" by Bryan Adams was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and it won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Best Actor in a Supporting Role is a British Academy Film Award presented annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) to recognise an actor who has delivered an outstanding supporting performance in a film.

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is a British organisation that hosts annual awards shows for film, television, children's film and television, and interactive media. Since 1968, selected actors have been awarded with the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role at an annual ceremony.

In the following lists, the titles and names in bold with a gold background are the winners and recipients respectively; those not in bold are the nominees. The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released, not the year of the ceremony, which always takes place the following year.
Rich Field
Rich Field is a former World War I military airfield, located in Waco, Texas, near what is now the intersection of Bosque Boulevard and 41st Street.  It operated as a training field for the Air Service, United States Army from 1917 until 1919. The airfield was one of thirty-two Air Service training camps established in 1917 after the United States entry into World War I.

United States Army World War I Flight Training
With the purchase of its first airplane, built and successfully flown by Orville and Wilbur Wright, in 1909 the United States Army began the training of flight personnel.  This article describes the training provided in those early years, though World War I, and the immediate years after the war until the establishment of the United States Army Air Corps Flight Training Center in San Antonio, Texas during 1926.
Tristan Powell
Tristan Powell (born 9 February 2001) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Huddersfield Giants in the Betfred Super League.

He has previously played for the Melbourne Storm in the National Rugby League. Powell was contracted to the Gold Coast Titans and the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL. He also played for the Brisbane Tigers, as well as the Burleigh Bears in two separate spells in the Queensland Cup.

Brisbane Tigers
The Brisbane Tigers are a rugby league club based at Langlands Park, in the suburb of Coorparoo in Brisbane, Australia. Since 1996, they have competed in the Queensland Cup, having competed in the Brisbane Rugby League from 1934 to 1997, where they won eight premierships.

Formed as Coorparoo in 1917, the club became the Eastern Suburbs Tigers in 1933, commonly referred to as Easts Tigers or Easts. In 2020, the club re-branded as the Brisbane Tigers, keeping their traditional colours of gold and black.
Gyrographa
Gyrographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Damien Ernst and Anders Tehler, with Gyrographa gyrocarpa assigned as the type species. This lichen, originally described by Julius von Flotow in 1825, was first placed in the genus Opegrapha. Species in the genus have a crustose thallus lacking a cortex, and a dark brown prothallus. The photobiont partner is trentepholioid. The hypothecium is thick and carbonised, and the ascospores lack a gelatinous sheath; these characteristics distinguish it from Opegrapha species. The genus name alludes to the gyrose ascomata of the type species.

Trentepohlia (alga)
Trentepohlia is a genus of filamentous chlorophyte green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae, living free on terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens. The filaments of Trentepohlia often have a strong orange colour (photograph at right) caused by the presence of large quantities of carotenoid pigments which mask the green of the chlorophyll.
Torakichi Nakamura
Torakichi Nakamura (中村 寅吉, Nakamura Torakichi; 17 September 1915 – 11 February 2008) was a Japanese golfer whose victory, with partner Koichi Ono, at the 1957 Canada Cup outside Tokyo helped to spur a boom in golf in Japan.

World Cup (men's golf)
The World Cup of Golf is a men's golf tournament contested by teams of two representing their country. Only one team is allowed from each country. The players are selected on the basis of the Official World Golf Ranking, although not all of the first choice players choose to compete. The equivalent event for women was the Women's World Cup of Golf, played from 2005 to 2008.
Isabelle Stengers
Isabelle Stengers (/stɛnˈɡɛərz/; French: [stɛnɡɛʁs]; born 1949) is a Belgian philosopher, noted for her work in the philosophy of science. Trained as a chemist, she has collaborated with Russian-Belgian chemist Ilya Prigogine and French philosopher/sociologist Bruno Latour among others, and has written widely on the history of science as well as philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Alfred North Whitehead, Donna Haraway, and Michel Serres.

Michel Serres
Michel Serres (/sɛər/; French: [miʃɛl sɛʁ]; 1 September 1930 – 1 June 2019) was a French philosopher, and historian of science. Member of the Académie française and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, he published more than 70 authoritative works during his lifetime in the fields of anthropology of science and technology, the philosophy of communication and digital technologies, the philosophy of education, and the philosophy of ecology. Michel Serres's work is characterized by a transversal and interdisciplinary approach, connecting hard sciences and the humanities. He developed an original and innovative line of thought that has profoundly influenced contemporary philosophy.
Chris Gladwin (cricketer)
Christopher Gladwin (born 10 May 1962) is a retired English first-class cricketer who played for Essex County Cricket Club from 1981 to 1987, and for Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1989. He also played for Suffolk County Cricket Club in List A matches from 1988 to 1990. He was born at East Ham, Essex.

Gladwin, a left-handed opening batsman, played in 71 first-class and 52 limited overs matches. In first-class cricket, he scored 3,080 career runs at an average of 26.78 runs per completed innings with a highest score of 162, his only century; he scored 18 half-centuries. He was an occasional right arm medium pace bowler. As a fielder, he held 33 career catches.

Suffolk County Cricket Club
Suffolk County Cricket Club is one of twenty minor county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Suffolk.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Suffolk played List A matches occasionally from 1966 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team per se.
Albert Spencer Wilcox Building
The Albert Spencer Wilcox Building is a historic building in Līhuʻe, Kauaʻi, Hawaii. Originally a library when it opened in 1924, it was later converted into the Kauaʻi Museum. It has exhibits on the history of the island of Kauaʻi. It was added to both the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places
The Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places (HRHP) is a listing of sites of historical significance located in Hawaii. It is maintained by the Hawaiʻi State Historic Preservation Division. It was established when the Hawaii State Legislature passed Chapter 6E in 1976, in an effort to preserve its historic sites, as economic growth on the islands threatened to destroy numerous state landmarks.

As of February 2022, there are 1,054 properties listed on the state register, many of which are also on the National Register of Historic Places.
Roberto Sensini
Roberto Néstor Sensini (born 12 October 1966) is an Argentine football manager and former player, who played as a centre-back or defensive midfielder. As a player with the Argentina national team, he finished third place in the 1989 Copa América edition of the tournament. He also represented his nation in the 1990, 1994 and 1998 FIFA World Cup finals, finishing in runner-up at the 1990 World Cup. Furthermore, he won an Olympic silver medal with Argentina at the 1996 Olympics.

Football at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The 1996 Men's Olympic Football Tournament, played as part of the 1996 Summer Olympics, was hosted in Birmingham, Alabama, Washington, D.C., Orlando, Florida, Miami, Florida and Athens, Georgia. From 1992 onwards, male competitors should be under 23 years old and starting from this tournament, a maximum of three over-23 players are allowed per squad. The tournament featured 16 national teams from the six continental confederations. The 16 teams were drawn into four groups of four and each group played a round-robin tournament. At the end of the group stage, the top two teams advanced to the knockout stage, beginning with the quarter-finals and culminating with the gold medal match at Sanford Stadium on August 3, 1996.
More Cowbell
"More Cowbell" is a comedy sketch that aired on Saturday Night Live on April 8, 2000. 
The sketch was written by regular cast member Will Ferrell and depicts the recording of the song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" by Blue Öyster Cult.
The sketch stars guest host Christopher Walken as fictional music producer Bruce Dickinson, and Ferrell as fictional cowbell player Gene Frenkle, whose overzealous playing annoys his bandmates but pleases Dickinson. The sketch also features Chris Parnell as Eric Bloom, Jimmy Fallon as Bobby Rondinelli, Chris Kattan as Buck Dharma, and Horatio Sanz as Joe Bouchard.

The sketch is one of the most popular SNL sketches ever made; in many "best of" lists of SNL sketches, it places in the top ten (ranked number nine by Rolling Stone, for example). As a result of its popularity, "more cowbell" became an American pop culture catchphrase, and it has even entered the dictionary.

Buck Dharma
Donald Brian Roeser (born November 12, 1947), known professionally as Buck Dharma, is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is the sole constant member of hard rock band Blue Öyster Cult since the group's formation in 1967. He wrote and sang vocals on several of the band's best-known hits, including "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", "Godzilla" and "Burnin' for You".
Hajji Jamal Khan
Hajji Jamal Khan Barakzai (born Jamal al-Din Khan Mohammadzai; 1719–1772) was chief of the Barakzai tribe, Afsharid governor of Farah and Grishk, and Grand Vizier of the Durrani Empire under the reigns of Ahmad Shah Durrani and Timur Shah Durrani until his death in 1772.

Barakzai
Barakzai is the name of a Pashtun tribe from Afghanistan . "Barakzai" is a common name among the Pashtuns, and it means 'son of Barak' in Pashto. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, "In the detailed Pashtun genealogies there are no fewer than seven instances of the ethnic name Bārakzī, at very different levels of tribal segmentation. Six of them designate simple lineages within six different tribes located in the Solaymān mountains or adjacent lands... The seventh instance, on the other hand, designates one of the most important Pashtun tribes in numbers and historic role, part of the Zīrak branch of the Dorrānay confederation.
Johnny Brenner
Johnny Brenner (born 1971) is a retired Irish hurling midfielder who formerly played with De La Salle GAA at club level and with Waterford GAA at inter-county level.

Johnny was part of Waterford's 1992 All-Ireland Under 21 Hurling Championship winning team.  Johnny also played at senior level for Waterford GAA until 1998, making a brief return for the 2001 All-Ireland Hurling Championship.

Waterford GAA
The Waterford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Phort Láirge) or Waterford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for all levels of Gaelic games in County Waterford. The County Board is also responsible for the Waterford county teams. The county board's offices are based at Walsh Park in the city of Waterford. The Waterford County Board was founded in 1886.

Hurling is the dominant sport, with the county having won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) on two occasions: in 1948 and 1959. While football is the secondary sport in the county, it is widely played nonetheless. Waterford's greatest footballing achievement was reaching the 1898 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, which the team lost to Dublin.
Typical intellectual engagement
Typical intellectual engagement (TIE) is a personality construct referring to a person's enjoyment (or dislike) of intellectually demanding activities. TIE was developed to identify aspects of personality most closely related to intelligence and knowledge and measures a person's typical performance in intellectual domains rather than their maximal performance (intellectual capacity measured by IQ tests). TIE is moderately positively associated with crystallized intelligence, and with general knowledge, and predicts academic performance. TIE is hard to distinguish from the earlier construct  need for cognition and is positively correlated with openness to experience.

Fluid and crystallized intelligence
The concepts of fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc) were introduced in 1943 by the psychologist Raymond Cattell. According to Cattell's psychometrically-based theory, general intelligence (g) is subdivided into gf and gc. Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve novel reasoning problems. It is correlated with a number of important skills such as comprehension, problem-solving, and learning. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to deduce secondary relational abstractions by applying previously learned primary relational abstractions.
U-Net
U-Net is a convolutional neural network that was developed for image segmentation. The network is based on a fully convolutional neural network whose architecture was modified and extended to work with fewer training images and to yield more precise segmentation. Segmentation of a 512 × 512 image takes less than a second on a modern (2015) GPU using the U-Net architecture.

The U-Net architecture has also been employed in diffusion models for iterative image denoising. This technology underlies many modern image generation models, such as DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion.

U-Net is also being explored for language models. Tokenization is not a separate step, allowing the model to more easily understand spelling and concurrently vectorizing / tokenizing higher level concepts.

Pooling layer
In neural networks, a pooling layer is a kind of network layer that downsamples and aggregates information that is dispersed among many vectors into fewer vectors. It has several uses. It removes redundant information, reducing the amount of computation and memory required, makes the model more robust to small variations in the input, and increases the receptive field of neurons in later layers in the network.