hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Entry of Joan of Arc into liberated Orléans on 8th May 1429
Entry of Joan of Arc into liberated Orléans on 8th May 1429 (French: Entrée de Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans, 8 mai 1429) is a painting by the Dutch-born French artist Hendrik Scheffer, completed in 1843. It is one of the works on display in the Galerie des Batailles at the Palace of Versailles in France.

Galerie des Batailles
The Galerie des Batailles (French: [ɡalʁi de bataj]; English: "Gallery of Battles") is a gallery occupying the first floor of the Aile du Midi of the Palace of Versailles, joining onto the grand and petit appartement de la reine. 120 m (390 ft) long and 13 m (43 ft) wide, it is an epigone of the Grande Galerie of the Louvre and was intended to glorify French military history from the Battle of Tolbiac (traditionally dated 496) to the Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809).
Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025
Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, commonly referred to as the VB–G RAM G Act, 2025 is an Indian social welfare legislation that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'.  It was passed by the Parliament of India on 18–19 December 2025. The bill seeks to replace the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) with a revised statutory framework for rural employment and livelihood security, as part of the Government of India's long–term development vision, Viksit Bharat @2047.

The act increases the statutory employment guarantee for rural households from 100 to 125 days per financial year and introduces changes to funding patterns, planning mechanisms, and implementation structures under the Ministry of Rural Development.

Ministry of Rural Development (India)
The Ministry of Rural Development, a branch of the Government of India, is entrusted with the task of accelerating the socio-economic development of rural India.  Its focus is on special rural grants for health and education, piped filtered drinking water programs, public and affordable housing programs, public work programs and grants for rural roads and infrastructure. It also provides special grants to rural local bodies.

The current minister is Shivraj Singh Chouhan who has been in office since 10 June 2024, while the ministers of state are Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani and Kamlesh Paswan.
Akhil Chandra Banerjea
Akhil Chandra Banerjea (born 1956) is an Indian virologist and is currently the Director at Institute of Advanced Virology, Kerala. He was earlier an emeritus Scientist at the National Institute of Immunology, India. Known for his studies on viral pathogenesis and gene therapy, Banerjea is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India and the Indian National Science Academy. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2001.

National Institute of Immunology, India
National Institute of Immunology (NII) is an autonomous research institute located in New Delhi, under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for research in immunology.

NII was established on 24 June 1981, with M. G. K. Menon as chairman of its governing body. It has its origins in the ICMR–WHO Research & Training Centre in Immunology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, which was merged with NII in 1982. However, NII continued to function from AIIMS laboratory of its honorary director G.P. Talwar, till its new building was constructed in 1983, carved out of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) campus. G.P. Talwar is the founder director of this institute. A first of its kind vaccine for leprosy in India was developed by NII and it was named as mycobacterium indicus pranii.
First Lady Michelle Obama (painting)
First Lady Michelle Obama, initially titled Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama, is a portrait of former First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama, painted by the artist Amy Sherald. Unveiled in 2018, it hangs in the National Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, D.C. The six-by-five-foot (1.8 by 1.5 m) oil-on-linen painting shows Obama, rendered in Sherald's signature grisaille, resting her chin lightly on her hand, as a geometric print dress flows outward filling the frame against a sky-blue background.

Praised by critics and immensely popular with museum visitors, the National Portrait Gallery's attendance doubled in the two years after the unveiling of Sherald's portrait along with Kehinde Wiley's portrait of President Barack Obama. Museum director Kim Sajet credits Sherald and Wiley with reinvigorating the genre of portrait painting. Sherald and Wiley were also the first African American artists to receive commissions for National Portrait Gallery presidential portraits.

Kim Sajet
Kim Sajet (/ˈseɪɛt/ SAY-et; born September 1965) is a Dutch art historian and curator who serves as the director of the Milwaukee Art Museum.

She was the director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Gallery for twelve years. Appointed in 2013, Sajet became the first woman to hold this post. During her tenure at the museum, she worked to increase representation of women and minorities in the Portrait Gallery's collection. In May 2025, Sajet's appointment was purportedly terminated by a directive from President Donald Trump. The following month, she resigned her post.
High-dynamic-range rendering
High-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR or HDR rendering), also known as high-dynamic-range lighting, is the rendering of computer graphics scenes by using lighting calculations done in high dynamic range (HDR). This allows preservation of details that may be lost due to limiting contrast ratios. Video games and computer-generated imagery, movies, and visual effects benefit from this as it creates more realistic scenes than with more simplistic lighting models. HDRR was originally required to tone map the rendered image onto Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) displays, as the first HDR capable displays did not arrive until the 2010s. However, if a modern HDR display is available, it is possible to instead display the HDRR with even greater contrast and realism.

Graphics processor company Nvidia summarizes the motivation for HDRR in three points: bright things can be really bright, dark things can be really dark, and details can be seen in both.

Tone mapping
Tone mapping is a technique used in image processing and computer graphics to map one set of colors to another to approximate the appearance of high-dynamic-range (HDR) images in a medium that has a more limited dynamic range. Print-outs, CRT or LCD monitors, and projectors all have a limited dynamic range that is inadequate to reproduce the full range of light intensities present in natural scenes. Tone mapping addresses the problem of strong contrast reduction from the scene radiance to the displayable range while preserving the image details and color appearance important to appreciate the original scene content.

Inverse tone mapping is the inverse technique that allows to expand the luminance range, mapping a low dynamic range image into a higher dynamic range image. It is notably used to upscale SDR videos to HDR videos.
Dennis Cook
Dennis Bryan Cook (born October 4, 1962) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1988 and 2002 for nine different teams. His longest tenure was three seasons and part of a fourth with the New York Mets. He was a member of the championship 1997 Florida Marlins team. He has managed the Sweden and Poland national baseball teams.

Sweden national baseball team
The Sweden national baseball team is the national baseball team of Sweden. The team competes in the bi-annual European Baseball Championship, where Sweden on two occasions has claimed the bronze medal.
Tom Slingsby
Tom Slingsby OAM (born 5 September 1984) is an Australian competitive sailor. Slingsby's first successes came sailing Laser dinghies, where he won three consecutive world championships and the 2012 Olympic gold medal. Slingsby was the strategist for the America's Cup-winning Team Oracle USA in 2013. In 2016 he skippered the winner-of-line honours in the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race line. Following this he skippered the Australian team in the inaugural SailGP competition.

Oracle Team USA
Oracle Team USA is an American yacht racing syndicate initially formed to compete for the 2003 America's Cup. They competed again in the 2007 event before winning the 33rd America's Cup regatta in 2010 – representing the Golden Gate Yacht Club. The team also won the 34th America's Cup in 2013.

The syndicate was initially named Oracle for the 2003 campaign and backed primarily by Larry Ellison, the co-founder and CEO of Oracle Corporation, but was renamed in August 2004 to Oracle BMW Racing to reflect the German company's role, and subsequently revised again to BMW Oracle Racing to reflect increased involvement from BMW. At the end of December 2010 it was announced that by mutual agreement of both partners, BMW was bringing to a close its longstanding partnership with Oracle Racing and thereby ending its involvement in the America's Cup. Subsequently, the syndicate was renamed to Oracle Team USA to compete for the 2013 34th America's Cup.
Allan Ssewanyana
Allan Aloysius Ssewanyana (born 26 November 1986), commonly known as ‘Omusajja wa Bwino’ is a Ugandan sports journalist, human resource manager and politician. He is a former Member of Parliament for Makindye Division West and a representative for the National Unity Platform, the largest opposition political party in Uganda. He is a member of the Committee on Education & Sports and the Committee on Equal Opportunities in the 10th Parliament of Uganda. He is also the Minister for Sports in the Shadow Cabinet.

Ssewanyana is a former: LCV Councillor for Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) Representing Makindye Division; sports editor for Nile Broadcasting Services (NBS) TV and Top Radio 89.6 FM; sports columnist for Ennyanda sports newspaper, member of the board of directors for the Uganda Premier League and a former board vice chairperson for KCCA FC.

Parliament of Uganda
The Parliament of Uganda is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Uganda. One of its primary functions is to pass laws that support effective governance in the country. Government ministers are required to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house and may be appointed from amongst its members.

Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. Fiscal matters, such as taxation and loans, require parliamentary approval after appropriate debate.Parliament also holds the authority to confirm certain presidential nominations and, through a motion of censure, may compel a Minister to resign.
Ida Karlsson
Ida Karlsson (born 30 June 2004) is a Swedish college ice hockey defenceman for Minnesota Duluth of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and is a member of Sweden women's national ice hockey team. She previously played for Leksands IF of the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL).

Sweden women's national ice hockey team
The Swedish women's national ice hockey team (Swedish: Sveriges damlandslag i ishockey) or Damkronorna ("the Lady Crowns" in Swedish) represents Sweden at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is organized by the Swedish Ice Hockey Association. Sweden had 3,425 female players registered with the IIHF in 2011.
Naomi Girma
Naomi Haile Girma (born June 14, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center back for Women's Super League club Chelsea and the United States national team.

Girma played college soccer for the Stanford Cardinal, which she captained to the 2019 national championship. San Diego Wave FC selected her first overall in the 2022 NWSL Draft. She won NWSL Rookie of the Year and was named NWSL Defender of the Year in both of her first two seasons, helping lead San Diego to the NWSL Shield in 2023. In 2025, she signed with Chelsea for a reported $1.1 million transfer fee, a women's soccer world record.

Girma played for the United States at the under-17, under-19, and under-20 levels before making her senior debut in 2022. She was named U.S. Soccer Female Player of the Year in 2023. She won gold with the United States at the 2024 Paris Olympics, playing every minute of the tournament.

2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament
The 2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament (also known as the 2019 Women's College Cup) was the 38th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game were played at Avaya Stadium in San Jose, California from December 6–8, 2019 while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2019.
Zabian Dowdell
Zabian Dowdell (born September 10, 1984) is an American former professional basketball player. Born in Pahokee, Florida, he played basketball for his hometown's high school. He played college basketball for the Virginia Tech Hokies from 2003 to 2007. In his senior season he was named in the First-team All-ACC and the ACC All-Defensive team. Following his graduation from college, Dowdell played professionally mainly in Europe, also having brief stints in the NBA and the NBA D-League.

Pahokee High School
Pahokee High School (also known as Pahokee Junior Senior High School) is a historic school in Pahokee, Florida. It is currently located at 900 Larrimore Road. On November 15, 1996, The Old Pahokee High School building on E. Main St. was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by architect William Manly King. It has had a very successful football program and numerous NFL players have graduated from the school. It has a rivalry with Glades Central High School which also has a successful football program. The schools feature in Bryan Mealer's 2012 book Muck City.
History of Łasin
The history of Łasin dates back to the Neolithic period (2500-1700 B.C.), where evidence of the first humans in the area is found. 1014 is the first year a town called "Łasin" was mentioned in historical sources.

Łasin
Łasin [ˈwaɕin]  is a town in Grudziądz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 3,004 inhabitants (2025). It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Łasin. It is located within the historic Chełmno Land.
London Buses route 242
London Buses route 242 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Homerton University Hospital and Aldgate bus station, it is operated by Stagecoach London subsidiary East London.

In December 1998, it became the first double-decker route in London to solely use low-floor buses. The route re-uses the number of the historic route 242 that ran between Chingford station and Potters Bar via Waltham Abbey and Cheshunt.

Aldgate bus station
Aldgate bus station serves the Aldgate area of the City of London, England. The station is owned and maintained by Transport for London and located directly south of Aldgate tube station.

Also known as Minories bus station or lay-by, it was the first dedicated bus station in the City of London, and was formerly a major coach station and trolleybus terminal.
Brimley Road
Brimley Road is a north-south street in Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. In Toronto, it is located entirely within Scarborough and carried 32000 vehicles daily in May 2007 Hence, it is classified as a major arterial road by the city of Toronto.

Beginning at Scarborough Bluffs by Lake Ontario, Brimley goes straight through Scarborough, past Steeles Avenue and ends at 14th Avenue in Markham. The Scarborough portion is mainly residential with small strip plazas along the way, and the super-regional mall, Scarborough Town Centre. North of Finch Avenue is Brimley Woods (Macklin's Bush), a small forest patch and now city park of what the area once looked like. Past Steeles, Brimley weaves through the residential areas of the Milliken community of Markham.

Scarborough Bluffs
The Scarborough Bluffs, also known as The Bluffs, is an escarpment in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There are nine parks along the bluffs, with Bluffers Park being the only one with a beach. Forming much of the eastern portion of Toronto's waterfront, the Scarborough Bluffs stands above the shoreline of Lake Ontario. At its highest point, the escarpment rises 90 metres (300 ft) above the coastline and spans a length of 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).
John MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market
John Roddick Russell MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham Market, OBE, PC, FKC (born 14 February 1937), is a British politician. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Norfolk from 1974 to 2001. He served in the Cabinet as Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1985–87), Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1987–89), Secretary of State for Education and Science (1989–90), Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council (1990–92), and Secretary of State for Transport (1992–94). He was made a life peer in 2001.

Lord President of the Council
The Lord President of the Council is the presiding officer of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and the fourth of the Great Officers of State, ranking below the Lord High Treasurer but above the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal. The Lord President usually attends and is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Privy Council, presenting business for the approval of the Sovereign.
Harbin Institute of Technology
The Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) is a public science and engineering university in Nan'gang, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It is one of the top universities in China and now affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

The university was founded in 1920 as Harbin Sino-Russia Industrial School. Besides the main campus in Harbin, the university operates two satellite campuses in Shenzhen, Guangdong (as Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen) and in Weihai, Shandong (as Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai).

Project 985
Project 985 (Chinese: 985工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government for creating world-class higher education institutions, initiated in May 1998. There were 39 universities selected to be part of this program, which are mostly considered top-tier institutions in mainland China.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified in 2016 and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2017, under the Xi Jinping administration.
Discoverer 8
Discoverer 8, also known as Corona 9005,: 236  was an American optical reconnaissance satellite launched on 20 November 1959 at 19:25:24 GMT, the fifth of ten operational flights of the Corona KH-1 spy satellite series. Overburn by the carrier rocket placed the satellite in a higher apogee, more eccentric orbit than planned, the camera failed to operate, and the film return capsule was lost on reentry after separation from the main satellite on 21 November.

CORONA (satellite)
The CORONA program was a series of American strategic reconnaissance satellites produced and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Directorate of Science and Technology with substantial assistance from the U.S. Air Force. The CORONA satellites were used for photographic surveillance of the Soviet Union (USSR), China, and other areas beginning in June 1959 and ending in May 1972.
Jambudvīpa
Jambudvīpa (Pali: Jambudīpa) is a term for the Indian Subcontinent, often used in ancient Indian sources.

The term comes from ancient Indian cosmogony and is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning 'island' or 'continent'. The term Jambudvīpa was used by Ashoka to describe his realm in the 3rd century BC. The same term is also found in subsequent texts, for instance the Kannada inscriptions from the 10th century CE, to refer to the region, presumably ancient India.

The word Jambudvīpa literally means 'the land of jambu trees', with jambu being the Sanskrit term for the Syzygium cumini tree.

Outline of ancient India
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient India:

Ancient India is the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric times to the start of Medieval India, which is typically dated (when the term is still used) to the end of the Gupta Empire around 500 CE.
Tom Briese
Tom Briese (born April 12, 1959) is an American politician who served as Nebraska State Treasurer from 2023 to 2025. He previously served in the Nebraska Legislature, representing the 41st district from 2017 to 2023.

Nebraska State Treasurer
The Nebraska Treasurer is the chief financial officer in the U.S. state of Nebraska. The current treasurer is Joey Spellerberg, who has served as treasurer since November 6, 2025.

The Treasurer of the State of Nebraska is the chief financial officer of the government of Nebraska. The treasurer is responsible for maintaining the state funds by investing and maintaining the state budget. The department's main purpose is to invest state funds and maintain accurate records of transactions enacted by the state. The state office also disperses funds to local governments as needed, keeps track of unclaimed property and helps with investments.
Azaz
Azaz (Arabic: أَعْزَاز, romanized: ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly 20 miles (32 kilometres) north-northwest of Aleppo. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Azaz had a population of 31,623 at the 2004 census. As of 2015, its inhabitants were almost entirely Sunni Muslims, mostly Arabs but also some Turkmen.

It is historically significant as the site of the Battle of Azaz between the Crusader States and the Seljuk Turks on June 11, 1125. It is close to a Syria–Turkey border crossing, which enters Turkey at Öncüpınar, south of the city of Kilis. It was the capital of the Syrian Interim Government. The pro-Turkish forces' control over the area did not end until the SIG was incorporated into the Syrian caretaker government at the end of January 2025.

Syria–Turkey border
The border between the Syrian Arab Republic and the Republic of Turkey (Arabic: الحدود السورية التركية, romanized: alhudud alsuwriat alturkia; Turkish: Suriye–Türkiye sınırı) is  909 kilometres (565 mi) long, and runs from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the tripoint with Iraq in the east. It runs across Upper Mesopotamia for some 400 kilometres (250 mi), crossing  the Euphrates and reaching as far as the Tigris. Much of the border follows the Southern Turkish stretch of the Baghdad Railway, roughly along the 37th parallel between the 37th and 42nd eastern meridians. In the west, it almost surrounds the Turkish Hatay Province, partly following the course of the Orontes River and reaching the Mediterranean coast at the foot of Jebel Aqra. Should Turkey, which is a candidate for EU membership, accede to the EU, Syria will be a border neighbor with the European Union.