hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haukr Erlendsson
Haukr or Hauk Erlendsson (died 1334; Modern Icelandic: Haukur Erlendsson [ˈhœyːkʏr ˈɛrˌlɛn(t)sˌsɔːn]) was lawspeaker (lawman) of Iceland, later lawspeaker and knight of Norway, known for having compiled a number of Icelandic sagas and other materials mostly in his own hand, bound in a book called the Hauksbók after him.

Lawspeaker
A lawspeaker or lawman (Swedish: lagman, Old Swedish: laghmaþer or laghman, Danish: lovsigemand, Norwegian: lagmann, Icelandic: lög(sögu)maður [ˈlœɣ(ˌsœːɣʏ)ˌmaːðʏr̥], Faroese: løgmaður, Finnish: laamanni, Greenlandic: inatsitinuk) is a unique Scandinavian legal office. It has its basis in a common Germanic oral tradition, where wise people were asked to recite the law, but it was only in Scandinavia that the function evolved into an office. At first, lawspeakers represented the people, and their duties and authority were connected to the assemblies (things). For most of the last thousand years, however, they were part of the king's administration.

Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) of Iceland was a famous lawspeaker. He wrote about an 11th-century lawspeaker named Torgny, but historians doubt the account.
COVID-19 vaccine clinical research
COVID-19 vaccine clinical research uses clinical research to establish the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines. These characteristics include efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. As of November 2022, 40 vaccines are authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use:

one DNA vaccine: ZyCoV-D

four RNA vaccines: Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, Walvax, and Gemcovac

twelve inactivated vaccines: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, CoronaVac, Covaxin, CoviVac, COVIran Barekat, FAKHRAVAC, Minhai-Kangtai, QazVac, Sinopharm BIBP, WIBP, Turkovac, and VLA2001.

six viral vector vaccines: Sputnik Light, Sputnik V, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Convidecia, Janssen, and iNCOVACC

sixteen subunit vaccines: Abdala, Corbevax, COVAX-19, EpiVacCorona, IndoVac, MVC-COV1901, Noora, Novavax, Razi Cov Pars, Sanofi–GSK, Sinopharm CNBG, Skycovione, Soberana 02, Soberana Plus, V-01, and ZF2001.

one virus-like particle vaccine: CoVLP

Novavax COVID-19 vaccine
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, among others, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

Updated versions of the vaccine have been developed to provide coverage against the Omicron variant, with different formulas for 2023–2024 (containing a recombinant spike protein from lineage XBB.1.5) and 2024–2025 (containing recombinant spike protein from lineage JN.1).
Edward Kaale-Ewola Dery
Edward Kaale-Ewola Dery (born 6 March 1969) is a Ghanaian politician and member of the Seventh Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana representing the Lambussie constituency in the Upper West Region, on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress.

Upper West Region
The Upper West Region is a region of Ghana located in the northwestern corner of the country. It is bordered by the Upper East Region to the east, the Northern Region to the south, and the Centre-Ouest and Sud-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso to the west and north. The Upper West regional capital and largest settlement is Wa.
2000–01 Ukrainian Second League
The 2000–01 Ukrainian Second League was the tenth season of 3rd level professional football in Ukraine.

The competitions were divided into three groups according to geographical location in the country – A is western Ukraine, B is southern Ukraine and Crimea, and C is eastern Ukraine.

The groups were won respectively by FC Polissya Zhytomyr, FC Obolon Kyiv and FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka.

FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka
Football Club Naftovyk Okhtyrka is a Ukrainian amateur football club based in Okhtyrka, Sumy Oblast, where it was founded in 1980. The name of the club means "oiler" in Ukrainian. Ukrnafta company owned the club between 2004 and 2018. The club was dissolved in July 2018, but refounded again in 2020.
George Voinovich
George Victor Voinovich (July 15, 1936 – June 12, 2016) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Ohio from 1999 to 2011. He previously served as the 65th governor of Ohio from 1991 to 1998 and as the 54th mayor of Cleveland from 1980 to 1989; he is the last Republican to serve in that office.

Voinovich spent more than 46 years in public service—first as assistant attorney general of Ohio in 1963 and finally as the senior U.S. senator representing Ohio. He is the 15th person to have served as both the governor of Ohio and a U.S. senator and one of only two Cleveland mayors to later become governor of Ohio and a U.S. senator; the other was Frank Lausche. He is also the only person to have served as both chairman of the National Governors Association and president of the National League of Cities.

Jim Rhodes
James Allen Rhodes (September 13, 1909 – March 4, 2001) was an American attorney and Republican politician who served as the 61st and 63rd Governor of Ohio from 1963 to 1971 and from 1975 to 1983. Rhodes was one of only seven U.S. governors to serve four four-year terms in office.  Rhodes is tied for the sixth-longest gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,840 days. He also served as Mayor of Columbus from 1944 to 1952 and Ohio State Auditor from 1953 to 1963.

On May 3, 1970, Rhodes sent National Guard troops onto the Kent State University campus at the request of Kent, Ohio mayor LeRoy Satrom  after the ROTC building was burned down by unknown arsonists the previous night. On May 4, Guardsmen killed four students and wounded nine others.
Chicken McNuggets
Chicken McNuggets are a type of chicken nuggets sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. They consist of small pieces of reconstituted boneless chicken meat that have been battered and deep fried. Chicken McNuggets were conceived by Keystone Foods in the late 1970s and introduced in select markets in 1981. The nuggets were made available worldwide by 1983 after correcting a supply issue. The formula was changed in 2016 to remove artificial preservatives and improve the nutritional value.

Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.
Scotland national football team results (unofficial matches)
From 1870 to the present day, the Scotland national football team have played various matches that are not accorded the status of official (FIFA) internationals by the governing body, the Scottish Football Association. These include early matches against England prior to the first-ever official international in 1872, wartime fixtures between 1914–1919 and 1939–1946 when official competitions were suspended, overseas tour matches played by a Scotland XI of varying strength and status, and others as specified.

While some of the tour matches (involving players under consideration for the national team, some having already been capped at full level) could be seen as similar in status to those played by the Scotland B team, they have not been recorded officially as such.

Scotland national football B team
The Scotland national football B team, controlled by the Scottish Football Association, is run occasionally as a second team for the Scotland national football team. During the period when Berti Vogts was manager of the national team, it was also known as the Scotland Future team.
Lynestrenol
Lynestrenol, sold under the brand names Exluton and Ministat among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. The medication is available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth.

Lynestrenol is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity. The medication is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body, with etynodiol occurring as an intermediate.

Lynestrenol was discovered in the late 1950s and was introduced for medical use in 1961. It has mostly been used in Europe and elsewhere in the world and was never marketed in the United States.

Oral contraceptive pill
Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and the media. Much attention focused on issues of women's rights, including ethics and personal choice. But these medications also introduced new questions about risk.
Great Comet of 1472
The Great Comet of 1472 (designated C/1471 Y1 in modern nomenclature) was visible from Christmas Day 1471 to 1 March 1472 (Julian Calendar), for a total of 59 days. The comet passed 0.07 AU from Earth on 22 January 1472, closer than any other great comet in modern times.

Great comet
A great comet is a comet that becomes exceptionally bright, and easily observable to the naked eye. There is no official definition; often the term is attached to comets such as Halley's Comet, which during certain appearances are bright enough to be noticed by casual observers who are not looking for them, and become well known outside the astronomical community. Typically, they are as bright or brighter than a second magnitude star and have tails that are 10 degrees or longer under dark skies. Great comets appear at irregular, unpredictable intervals, on average about once per decade. Although comets are officially named after their discoverers, great comets are sometimes also referred to by the year in which they appeared great, using the formulation "The Great Comet of ...", followed by the year. It can also be used as a generic name when a very bright comet is discovered by many observers simultaneously.
Methylglyoxal pathway
The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryotes, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate.  However unlike glycolysis the methylglyoxal pathway does not produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP.  The pathway is named after the substrate methylglyoxal which has three carbons and two carbonyl groups located on the 1st carbon and one on the 2nd carbon.  Methylglyoxal is, however, a reactive aldehyde that is very toxic to cells, it can inhibit growth in E. coli at millimolar concentrations.  The excessive intake of glucose by a cell is the most important process for the activation of the methylglyoxal pathway.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Bayburdlu
Bayburdlu (Persian: بایبوردلو), or Bayburtlu (بایبورتلو), is a Turkoman tribe inhabiting the region of Arasbaran in northwestern Iran. The tribe presumably had its roots in the area around the city of Bayburt. According to Karamanname, the Bayburdlu tribe attained land between Konya and Ankara in central Anatolia upon its conquest by the Karamanids, and the tribe's name was reflected in that of a local Ottoman-era district. The loyalty of the Bayburdlu tribe changed to Iran with the rise of the Safavids, under whom many tribesmen served as governors and military commanders.

Karamanids
The Karamanids (Turkish: Karamanoğulları or Karamanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman (Turkish: Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was a Turkish Anatolian beylik (principality) of Salur tribe origin, descended from Oghuz Turks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
Western Rage FC
The Granville Rage (formerly known as Western Rage 2001-2005) are an Australian semi-professional soccer club, located in the Greater Western Sydney suburb of Granville. The club was founded in 2000. They currently play in the NSW League Two Men's competition, they have played in the NSW League One (formerly NSW Super League), the second tier of football in New South Wales below the NSW Premier League.

Football NSW League
The Football NSW League is an Australian soccer league based in New South Wales that was founded in 2022 and administered by Football NSW. It consists of two divisions that were named after the Football NSW League's breakaway of the National Premier Leagues NSW second and third divisions (and formerly fourth division) that ran in the NPL NSW system from 2013 to 2021.
Tacit knowledge
Tacit knowledge or implicit knowledge is knowledge that is difficult to extract or articulate—as opposed to conceptualized, formalized, codified, or explicit knowledge—and is therefore more difficult to convey to others through verbalization or writing. Examples of this include individual wisdom, experience, insight, motor skill, and intuition. An example of "explicit" information that can be recorded, conveyed, and understood by the recipient is the knowledge that London is in the United Kingdom. Speaking a language, riding a bicycle, kneading dough, playing an instrument, or designing and operating sophisticated machinery, on the other hand, all require a variety of knowledge that is difficult or impossible to transfer to other people and is not always known "explicitly," even by skilled practitioners.

Intuition
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without recourse to conscious reasoning or needing an explanation. Different fields use the word "intuition" in very different ways, including but not limited to: direct access to unconscious knowledge; unconscious cognition; gut feelings; inner sensing; inner insight to unconscious pattern-recognition; and the ability to understand something instinctively, without any need for conscious reasoning. Intuitive knowledge tends to be approximate or heuristic.

The word intuition comes from the Latin verb intueri translated as 'consider' or from the Late Middle English word intuit, 'to contemplate'. Use of intuition is sometimes referred to as responding to a "gut feeling" or "trusting your gut".
Hananosato Yukio
Hananosato Yukio (塙ノ里 幸与, born 8 May 1983 as Yukio Murakami) is a former sumo wrestler from Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. He made his debut in March 1999, retiring in May 2010. His highest rank was makushita 8.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
The Theory of Everything (Life on Planet 9 album)
The Theory of Everything is the second studio album by Life On Planet 9, the pseudonym used by American hard rock band Lo-Pro when releasing music of a more experimental sound. The first album under the moniker, Bittersweet, had been more of an outlet for Lo-Pro's acoustic songs that had taken on too many electronic rock elements to be billed an acoustic album. The Theory of Everything largely disavows the acoustic elements in favor of electronic elements coupled with melodic guitar-work. It was released on August 26, 2014.

Electronic rock
Electronic rock (also known as synth rock and electro rock) is a music genre that involves a combination of rock music and electronic music, featuring instruments typically found within both genres. It originates from the late 1960s when rock bands began incorporating electronic instrumentation into their music. Electronic rock acts usually fuse elements from other music styles, including punk rock, industrial rock, hip hop, techno and synth-pop, which has helped spur subgenres such as indietronica, dance-punk and electroclash.
Religion in Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso is a religiously diverse society, with Islam being the dominant religion. According to the latest 2019 census, 63.8% of the population adheres to Islam. Around 26.3% of the population practises Christianity, 9.0% follow Animism/Folk Religion (African traditional religion), and that 0.9% are unaffiliated or follow other faiths.

The vast majority of Muslims in Burkina Faso are Sunni Muslims who follow Maliki school of law, deeply influenced by Sufism. The Shi'a and Ahmadiyya branches of Islam also have a presence in the country. A significant number of Sunni Muslims identify with the Tijaniyah Sufi order.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
2010 European Team Championships Super League
The 2010 European Team Championships Super League was the Super League of the 2nd edition of the European Team Championships (European Athletics Team Championships from 2013 edition), the 2010 European Team Championships, which took place on 19 and 20 June 2010 in Bergen, Norway. As with the previous championships there were a couple of rules applying specifically to this competition, such as the limit of three attempts in the throwing events, long jump and triple jump (only the top four were allowed the fourth attempt) and the limit of four misses total in the high jump and pole vault.

2010 European Team Championships
The second SPAR European Team Championships took place on 19 and 20 June 2010. The track and field athletics tournament run by European Athletics was the successor of the old European Cup competition which was held annually until 2008.
The 2010 Super League was once again won by Russia, with Great Britain second, and Germany finishing in third.
Ghosts in Mexican culture
There are extensive and varied beliefs in ghosts in Mexican culture. In Mexico, the beliefs of the Maya, Nahua, Purépecha; and other indigenous groups in a supernatural world has survived and evolved, combined with the Catholic beliefs of the Spanish. The Day of the Dead (Spanish: "Día de muertos") incorporates pre-Columbian beliefs with Christian elements. Mexican literature and cinema include many stories of ghosts interacting with the living.

Purépecha
The Purépecha (Western Highland Purepecha: P'urhepecha [pʰuˈɽepet͡ʃa]) are a group of Indigenous people centered in the northwestern region of Michoacán, Mexico, mainly in the area of the cities of Cherán and Pátzcuaro.

They are also known by the derogatory term "Tarascan", an exonym, applied by outsiders and not one they use for themselves.

The Purépecha occupied most of Michoacán but also some of the lower valleys of both Guanajuato and Jalisco. Celaya, Acambaro, Cerano, and Yurirapundaro. Now, the Purépecha live mostly in the highlands of central Michoacán, around Lakes Patzcuaro and Cuitzeo.
Emmanuel Charles Quist
Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist, OBE, Kt also known as Paa Quist (21 May 1880, in Christiansborg, Accra – 30 March 1959) was a barrister, educator and judge who served as the first Speaker of the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly and the first Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana.

Osu, Accra
Osu is a neighbourhood in central Accra, Ghana, West Africa. It is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the central business district, and is locally known as the "West End" of Accra. Bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, Osu's western boundary is the Independence Avenue. Osu is separated from the northern district of Labone by Ring Road. Due to its establishment as a settlement in the 17th century, Osu has a mix of houses dating from the early 20th century and modern office towers.
Peter H. Silvester
Peter Henry Silvester (February 17, 1807 – November 29, 1882) was a U.S. Representative from New York in the 30th and 31st United States Congress. Silvester was the grandson of prominent attorney and former U.S. Congressmen, Peter Silvester.

30th United States Congress
The 30th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1847, to March 4, 1849, during the last two years of the administration of President James K. Polk. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1840 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Whig majority. It was the only Congress in which Abraham Lincoln served.
Bello Bala Shagari
Bello Shagari Hausa pronunciationⓘ (born 26 April 1988) is a youth activist and a documentary filmmaker. He is board member and Vice Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization (NAMYO) representing Africa. Prior to that, he led the National Youth Council of Nigeria and The Royal African Young Leadership Forum.

National Youth Council of Nigeria
The National Youth Council of Nigeria (NYCN) was established in 1964. It is charged with the responsibility of policy formulation and implementation on issues relating to youth development in Nigeria. It is the umbrella body and the mouthpiece of the Nigerian Youths. It was established and given legal recognition in 1990. The NYCN has three branches; the National, Zonal and the State chapters. The NYCN is also affiliated to the World Assembly of Youth, and the Pan-African Youth Union. It has the Ministry for Youth and Sports Development as its supervisory body. The NYCN body has been instrumental to many empowerment, scholarship and support programmes.