hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Serena Rossi
Serena Rossi (born 31 August 1985) is an Italian actress and singer. She is/has best known for portraying Carmen Catalano in Rai 3 soap opera Un posto al sole (2003–2010). She subsequently starred in a variety of stage and film productions and lent her voice to animate television and film. In 2019 she gained widespread recognition for portraying singer Mia Martini in the biographical drama Io sono Mia, for which she was awarded with a Nastro d'Argento.

Nastro d'Argento
The Nastro d'Argento (plural: Nastri d'Argento; English: Silver Ribbon) is an Italian film award, held since 1946 by the Sindacato Nazionale Giornalisti Cinematografici Italiani (Italian National Union of Film Journalists). Awards are given annually in a wide range of categories, covering not only feature films but also short films (Corti d'argento) and television series (Nastri d'Argento Grandi Serie). The main awards are given at Taormina Film Fest, Sicily, while the short film awards ceremony is held in Naples.
Corel Painter
Corel Painter is a raster-based digital art application created to simulate as accurately as possible the appearance and behavior of traditional media associated with drawing, painting, and printmaking. It is intended to be used in real-time by professional digital artists as a functional creative tool.

Digital art
Digital art, or the digital arts, is artistic work that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentational process. It can also refer to computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names have been used to describe digital art, including computer art, electronic art, multimedia art, and new media art. Digital art includes pieces stored on physical media, such as with digital painting, as well as digital galleries on websites. Digital art also extends to the field of visual computing.
James Moffat (mathematician)
James Moffat FIMA CMath is a mathematician. He was a researcher for the Ministry of Defence during the 1982 Falklands War. He wrote Complexity Theory and Network Centric Warfare, which has 275 scholarly citations.

Moffat is currently Professor of Physics at the University of Aberdeen, where he studies quantum gravity. He has published 135 articles.  He is a recipient of the Napier Medal in Mathematics and the President’s Medal of the ORS; the 'nobel medal in analytics'. He is also a Fellow of OR, a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, and a Chartered Mathematician. His contributions to the literature cited 560 times include new theories for Loop Quantum Gravity based on the Mathematics of Operator Algebras.

Moffat was an early writer on the topic of the Agile Organization. Business agility, generally, had been discussed before, but agility, specifically in the context of military organizations, was a new field in 2005.

Institute of Mathematics and its Applications
The Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) is the UK's chartered professional body for mathematicians and one of the UK's learned societies for mathematics (another being the London Mathematical Society).

The IMA aims to advance mathematics and its applications, promote and foster research and other enquiries directed the advancement, teaching and application of mathematics, to seek to establish and maintain high standards of professional conduct for members and to seek to promote, encourage and guide the development of education and training in mathematics.
Mount Ashland Ski Area Expansion
The Mount Ashland Ski Area Expansion refers to a long-debated proposal by the Mount Ashland Association (MAA) to enlarge the ski area onto adjacent U.S. Forest Service land near Ashland, Oregon. First introduced in 1998, the plan included new ski terrain, a chairlift, a warming hut, and expanded parking. The proposal triggered extensive legal and environmental scrutiny due to its potential impact on old-growth forests, unstable terrain, and sensitive wildlife in the Ashland watershed. Over two decades, the expansion underwent multiple environmental reviews, court rulings, and public comment periods before partial implementation began in 2013. The approved project remains part of the ski area's master plan, though no further development has occurred as of 2020.

Ashland Creek
Ashland Creek is a 5.4-mile (8.7 km) tributary of Bear Creek in the U.S. state of Oregon. It joins Bear Creek near Ashland, 21 miles (34 km) from the larger stream's confluence with the Rogue River.

The main stem of Ashland Creek begins at Reeder Reservoir, an artificial impoundment of about 20 acres (8.1 ha) that provides municipal water to the city of Ashland. Two tributaries (forks) of the main stem feed the reservoir. Arising on the flanks of Mount Ashland, East Fork Ashland Creek is 5.8 miles (9.3 km) long, and West Fork Ashland Creek is 5.3 miles (8.5 km) long. The forks flow generally north through the Rogue River – Siskiyou National Forest to the reservoir.

Below the reservoir, the main stem continues north through a canyon, then through a channel confined by urban development and into the broad alluvial valley of Bear Creek. The stream gradient averages about 9 percent on the upper reaches and 3 percent within the city.
Sarnaism
Sarnaism is a religious faith of the Indian subcontinent, predominantly followed by indigenous communities of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region across states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh.

The essence of the Sarna faith revolves around nature worship. Its core principles emphasize jal (water), jaṅgal (forest) and jamīn (land), with adherents offering prayers to trees and hills while believing in the protection of forests. This belief centers around the reverence of Sarna, the sacred groves of village communities, where the village deity, known as Gram Deota, resides, and where sacrificial offerings are made twice a year. It is also referred to as "Sarna Dharma" or the "Religion of the Holy Woods", and it holds the distinction of being India's largest tribal religion.

Chota Nagpur Plateau
The Chota Nagpur Plateau (IPA: [t͡ʃʰoːʈaː naːɡpʊɾ]) is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh,  Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar. The Indo-Gangetic Plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and the basin of the Mahanadi River lies to the south. The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau is approximately 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi).
Hunter v. Underwood
Hunter v. Underwood, 471 U.S. 222 (1985), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously invalidated the criminal disenfranchisement provision of § 182 of the Alabama Constitution as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Disfranchisement
Disfranchisement, also disenfranchisement (which has become more common since 1982) or voter disqualification, is the restriction of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or a practice that has the effect of preventing someone from exercising the right to vote. Disfranchisement can also refer to the revocation of power or control of a particular individual, community, or being to the natural amenity they have; that is to deprive of a franchise, of a legal right, of some privilege or inherent immunity. Disfranchisement may be accomplished explicitly by law or implicitly through requirements applied in a discriminatory fashion, through intimidation, or by placing unreasonable requirements on voters for registration or voting.
High barriers to entry to the political competition can disenfranchise political movements.
Heritage Guitars
42°18′06″N 85°34′51″W﻿ / ﻿42.3017302°N 85.5808211°W﻿ / 42.3017302; -85.5808211

Heritage Guitar is an American musical instrument manufacturer company based in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. The company produces a range of electric guitars, including hollow-body models.

Semi-acoustic guitar
A semi-acoustic guitar, also known as a hollow-body electric guitar, is a type of electric guitar designed to be played with a guitar amplifier featuring a fully or partly hollow body and at least one electromagnetic pickup. First created in the 1930s, they became popular in jazz and blues, where they remain widely used, and the early period of rock & roll, though they were later largely supplanted by solid-body electric guitars in rock.

They differ from an acoustic-electric guitar, which is an acoustic guitar that has been fitted with some means of amplification to increase volume without changing the instrument's tone.
History of gamma-ray burst research
The history of gamma-ray began with the serendipitous detection of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) on July 2, 1967, by the U.S. Vela satellites. After these satellites detected fifteen other GRBs, Ray Klebesadel of the Los Alamos National Laboratory published the first paper on the subject, Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin. As more and more research was done on these mysterious events, hundreds of models were developed in an attempt to explain their origins.

Vela (satellite)
Vela was the name of a group of reconnaissance satellites developed as the Vela Hotel element of Project Vela by the United States to detect nuclear detonations and monitor Soviet Union compliance with the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty.

Vela started out as a small budget research program in 1959. It ended 26 years later as a successful, cost-effective military space system, which also provided scientific data on natural sources of space radiation. In the 1970s, the nuclear detection mission was taken over by the Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites. In the late 1980s, it was augmented by the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The program is now called the Integrated Operational NuDet (Nuclear Detonation) Detection System (IONDS).
Flags from Macha
The flags from Macha is the name given to a pair of flags of Argentina found at a chapel in the hamlet of Titiri, near the village of Macha, north of Potosí, Bolivia. They are considered to be the first physical flags created by Manuel Belgrano, who in November 1813 hid the standards to prevent them from falling into enemy hands after the United Provinces' army defeat of Ayohuma. They were discovered in 1885. Bolivia kept one of those flags at Sucre; the other was given to Argentina in 1896 and is currently kept at the National Historical Museum. Tucumán Province has used it as provincial flag since 2010. The flag preserved in Argentina is a triband of blue, white and blue bands, like the modern flag of Argentina, but the one kept in Bolivia is a triband of white, blue and white.

National Historical Museum (Argentina)
The National Historical Museum (Spanish: Museo Histórico Nacional) is a museum located in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and is a museum dedicated to the history of Argentina, exhibiting objects relating to the May Revolution and the Argentine War of Independence.

The museum is under the guidance of the Secretariat of Culture.
Knollwood Cemetery
Knollwood Cemetery is a cemetery located at 1678 SOM Center Road in Mayfield Heights, Ohio. Established in 1908, it is one of the largest cemeteries in Cuyahoga County. A mausoleum was completed in 1926, and an expansion finished in 1959. The cemetery's mausoleum, the largest in the state, boasts a number of windows by Tiffany & Co.

Louis Comfort Tiffany
Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 – January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in art glass, especially stained glass and Favrile glass. He is associated with the art nouveau and aesthetic art movements. He was affiliated with a prestigious collaborative of designers known as the Associated Artists, which included Lockwood de Forest, Candace Wheeler, and Samuel Colman. Tiffany designed stained glass windows and lamps, glass mosaics, blown glass such as vases, ceramics, jewelry, enamels, and metalwork. Glass work by Tiffany Studios is known as Tiffany glass. He was the first design director at his family company, Tiffany & Co., founded by his father Charles Lewis Tiffany.
Dumb pipe
A dumb pipe or dumb network, in relation to a mobile network operator (MNO) or Internet service provider (ISP), is a simple network that has high enough bandwidth to transfer bytes between the customer's device and the Internet without the need to prioritize content. This means it can afford to be completely neutral with regard to the services and applications the customer accesses.

This is in contrast to a smart pipe where the operator affects the customer's accessibility of the Internet by either limiting the available services or applications to its own proprietary portal (like a walled garden) or offer additional capabilities and services beyond simple connectivity. A dumb pipe primarily provides simple bandwidth and network capacity which is greater than the maximum network loads expected thus avoiding the need to discriminate between packet types.

Among the commonly understood operational models for an MNO are dumb pipes, smart pipes, and the walled gardens.

Closed platform
A closed platform, walled garden, or closed ecosystem is a software system wherein the carrier or service provider has control over applications, content, and/or media, and restricts convenient access to non-approved applicants or content. This is in contrast to an open platform, wherein consumers generally have unrestricted access to applications and content.
Longevity Brand
Longevity Brand (Vietnamese: Sữa Ông Thọ, lit. translated as "Mr. Longevity's milk") is a brand of canned condensed milk, registered by FrieslandCampina and distributed by Sun Hing Foods, Inc. in the United States and Canada. It is a popular ingredient in Vietnamese iced coffee with milk (cà phê sữa đá) drinks, and in various other Vietnamese desserts. The brand is now owned by Vinamilk.

Vietnamese iced coffee
Vietnamese iced coffee (Vietnamese: cà phê đá, lit. 'iced coffee') is a traditional Vietnamese coffee recipe. It is created using coffee roasted between medium and dark. The drink is made by passing hot water through the grounds into a cup that already contains condensed milk. To serve the drink cold, ice is added to the cup.
Arkansas Highway 324
Highway 324 (AR 324, Ark. 324, and Hwy. 324) is a designation for four state highways in the Arkansas River Valley. One route of 0.76 miles (1.22 km) runs from US Highway 64 (US 64) to Tyler Road in Russellville. A second route of 6.85 miles (11.02 km) begins at Highway 105 and runs east around Lake Atkins to terminate at Highway 105. A third route of 4.01 miles (6.45 km) connects Highway 155 and Highway 10 in Perry County. A fourth segment connects Lake Sylvia Recreational Area in the Ouachita National Forest to Highway 9 and the state highway system. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Arkansas Department of Transportation
The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), formerly the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department, is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. The department is responsible for implementing policy made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission, a board of officials appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to direct transportation policy in the state. The department's director is appointed by the commission to hire staff and manage construction and maintenance on Arkansas's highways.

The primary duty of ARDOT is the maintenance and management of the over 16,000-mile (26,000 km) Arkansas Highway System. The department also conducts planning, public transportation, the State Aid County Road Program, the Arkansas Highway Police, and Federal-Aid project administration. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.
Faustinopolis
Faustinopolis (Ancient Greek: Φαυστινόπολις), also Colonia Faustinopolis and Halala, was an ancient city in the south of Cappadocia, about 20 km south of Tyana. It was named after the empress Faustina, the wife of Marcus Aurelius, who died in a village there. Her husband, by establishing a colony in it, raised it to the rank of a town under the name of Faustinopolis. Hierocles assigns the place to Cappadocia Secunda, and it is also mentioned in the Antonine and Jerusalem Itineraries. The town was close to the defiles of the Cilician Gates, and was likely situated at modern-day Başmakçı, Niğde Province, Turkey. Following the Muslim conquests and the subsequent Arab raids, the site was abandoned for the nearby fortress of Loulon.

Faustinopolis is a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Cappadocia (Roman province)
Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea. It was established in 17 AD by the Emperor Tiberius (ruled 14–37 AD), following the death of Cappadocia's last king, Archelaus.

Cappadocia was an imperial province, meaning that its governor (legatus Augusti) was directly appointed by the emperor. During the latter 1st century, the province also incorporated the regions of Pontus and Armenia Minor.
Henry Brevard Davidson
Henry Brevard Davidson (January 28, 1831 – March 4, 1899) was a United States Army officer and Confederate general during the American Civil War. At the outbreak of the war, he resigned his commission and served in various staff positions in the Confederate States Army. On August 18, 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general and first commanded brigades of cavalry in the Western Theater, particularly in Tennessee and Georgia. In 1864, he was transferred to Virginia and served in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. At the end of the war, he served under General Joseph E. Johnston in the Carolina Campaign. After the war, he became a civil engineer in California and in 1887 was deputy secretary of state in California. Later in life, he was an agent for the Southern Pacific Railroad in Danville, California.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Riots at Fremantle Prison
Numerous riots and disturbances at Fremantle Prison have occurred over its years of operation. Constructed in the 1850s using convict labor and modeled after Pentonville Gaol, Fremantle Prison served as Western Australia's primary maximum security facility for male offenders. Despite some reforms prompted by Royal Commissions in 1898−99 and 1911, substantial changes to the prison's operation didn't commence until the 1960s. Among the earliest incidents was one in 1854, while major riots took place in 1968 and 1988, causing significant damage to the prison.

HM Prison Pentonville
HM Prison Pentonville (informally "The Ville") is an English Category B men's prison, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Pentonville Prison is not in Pentonville, but is located further north, on the Caledonian Road in the Barnsbury area of the London Borough of Islington, north London.
Janta (Malawian musician)
Shukuran Mwachumu (born 22 October 1989)  better known by his stage name Janta, is a Malawian Afro Pop artist. In 2015, his song titled Wangongole (Debt collector) won a Nyasa Music Award in Best Song of the Year category. In 2019, his music video won Best video of the year in UMP Awards.

Nyasa Music Awards
Nyasa Music Awards are Malawian music awards that were established in early 2017 to celebrate entertainers and other minorities in music, fashion and philanthropy. The annual presentation event that takes place in major cities of the country features performances by artists and they are one of the major Malawi's music industry awards. The event recognizes Malawian music from all genres, including traditional, soul, and gospel. The awards also promote culture, with the 2017 event host of an African Print party that encourages people to showcase their traditional outfits. The awards include media sister awards and its categories are split into male and female.
National Institute of Technology, Karnataka
The National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), also known as NITK Surathkal and formerly known as Karnataka Regional Engineering College (KREC), is a public technical university located in Surathkal, Mangaluru. Established in 1960 as KREC, it has since evolved into one of the 31 National Institutes of Technology in India. It is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. The institute features a suburban campus situated in close proximity to the Arabian Sea, with National Highway 66 running through the campus and serving as a major access route. NITK Surathkal is ranked as one of the prestigious engineering institutions in India.

Institutes of National Importance
In India, an Institution of National Importance (INI) refers to a premier public higher education institution granted special status by the constitution or an act of the Parliament of India. Such institutions are recognized for their pivotal role in developing highly skilled personnel within a specified region of the country or state. Institutes of National Importance enjoy special recognition, greater autonomy, and direct funding from the Government of India.

At the inception of the Constitution of India, the Seventh Schedule declared Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University as institutes of national importance. Subsequently 32nd Amendment in 1973 added University of Delhi to the schedule. Other institutions are accorded as INI by legislations or statutory orders.
Williams Fire
The 2002 Williams Fire was a large wildfire in Los Angeles County, California. After igniting on September 22, the fire burned 38,094 acres (15,416 hectares) before it was declared fully contained on October 1. The Williams Fire destroyed dozens of structures, largely cabins in the Angeles National Forest. It was the third largest wildfire of the 2002 California wildfire season, during which 8,171 individual fires burned a total of 538,216 acres (217,808 ha).

Angeles National Forest
The Angeles National Forest (ANF) of the United States Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains, primarily within Los Angeles County in Southern California. The ANF manages a majority of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

The national forest was established in 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of the former Santa Barbara and San Gabriel National Forests. Angeles National Forest headquarters are located in Arcadia, California.