hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henri Tajfel
Henri Tajfel (born Hersz Mordche Tajfel; 22 June 1919 – 3 May 1982) was a Polish social psychologist, best known for his pioneering work on the cognitive aspects of prejudice and social identity theory, as well as being one of the founders of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Otto Brunner
Otto Brunner (21 April 1898 in Mödling, Lower Austria – 12 June 1982 in Hamburg) was an Austrian historian. He is best known for his work on later medieval and early modern European social history.

Brunner's research made a sharp break with the traditional forms of political and social history practiced in German and Austrian academia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, proposing in its place a new model of social history informed by attention to "folkish" cultural values, particularly as related to political violence and ideas of lordship and leadership.

He taught at the University of Vienna and later the University of Hamburg. From 1940 to 1945, he also served as the director of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research (Institut für österreichische Geschichtsforschung) in Vienna, a prestigious school for archival and historical studies.

University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen), the Hamburg Colonial Institute (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut), and the Academic College (Akademisches Gymnasium). The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres distributed around the city-state. Seven Nobel Prize winners and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with UHH.
García Sánchez III of Pamplona
García III Sánchez (Basque: Gartzea III.a Sanoitz; c. 1012 – 1 September 1054), nicknamed García from Nájera (Basque: Gartzea Naiarakoa, Spanish: García el de Nájera) was King of Pamplona from 1034 until his death. He was also Count of Álava and had under his personal control part of the County of Castile. As the eldest son of Sancho III he inherited the dynastic rights over the crown of Pamplona, becoming feudal overlord over two of his brothers: Ramiro, who was given lands that would serve as the basis for the Kingdom of Aragón; and Gonzalo, who received the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. Likewise, he had some claim to suzerainty over his brother Ferdinand, who under their father had served as Count of Castile, nominally subject to the Kingdom of León but brought under the personal control of Sancho III.

County of Álava
The County of Álava (Basque: Arabako konderria) was one of the Basque señoríos, a feudal territory during the 9th and 13th centuries that corresponds to present-day Álava, in the Basque Country. Until the final invasion and incorporation into the Kingdom of Castile in the year 1200, the county was governed by counts vassals of the Kingdoms of Asturias, León and Navarre, being under the sphere of influence of one or the other at different times. The figure governing Alava received the title of Count of Álava.
Ronald Drever
Ronald William Prest Drever (26 October 1931 – 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a professor emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound–Drever–Hall technique for laser stabilisation, as well as the Hughes–Drever experiment.   This work was instrumental in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.

Drever died on 7 March 2017, aged 85, seven months before his colleagues Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on the observation of gravitational waves. The trio of Drever, Thorne and Weiss shared several major physics prizes in 2016, so it is widely believed that Drever would have won the Nobel Prize in the place of Barry Barish had he not died before the Nobel Committee made their decision.

Barry Barish
Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology and a leading expert on gravitational waves.

In 2017, Barish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves". He said, "I didn't know if I would succeed. I was afraid I would fail, but because I tried, I had a breakthrough."

In 2018, he joined the faculty at University of California, Riverside, becoming the university's second Nobel Prize winner on the faculty.

In the fall of 2023, he joined Stony Brook University as the inaugural President's Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics.

In 2023, Barish was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Biden in a White House ceremony.
Perak War
The Perak War (1875–1877) took place between British and local forces in Perak, a state in northwestern Malaysia. The sultan of Lower Perak and other local chiefs attempted to end foreign influence in the region and remove the British administrator James W. W. Birch. Following the killing of Birch in 1875, British forces defeated the followers of Lela Pandak Lam.

Lela Pandak Lam
Lela Pandak Lam (died 20 January 1877), better known as Dato Maharaja Lela, was a tribal chief from Perak, who is known for his assassination of James W. W. Birch, the British Resident of Perak, on 2 November 1875. He was a local leader who later led the struggle against British forces in Perak. Together with other leaders such as Dato' Sagor, he planned an alliance to assassinate James W. W. Birch and resist the British in Perak. His decision was approved in a meeting at Durian Sebatang, chaired by Sultan Abdullah on 21 July 1875.
Contarini
The Contarini is one of the founding families of Venice and one of the oldest families of the Italian Nobility. In total eight Doges of the Republic of Venice emerged from this family,  as well as 44 Procurators of San Marco,  numerous ambassadors, diplomats and other notables. Among the ruling families of the republic, they held the most seats in the Great Council of Venice from the period before the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio when Councillors were elected annually to the end of the republic in 1797. The Contarini claimed to be of Roman origin through their patrilineal descendance of the Aurelii Cottae, a branch of the Roman family Aurelia, and traditionally trace their lineage back to Gaius Aurelius Cotta, consul of the Roman Republic in 252 BC and 248 BC.

Procurators of Saint Mark
The Procurators of Saint Mark (Venetian: Procuradori de San Marco) were lifelong senior magistrates in the Republic of Venice, holding the second-highest rank after the Doge and serving as custodians of the St. Mark's Basilica's assets, finances, and charitable bequests. Elected by the Senate from noble families, the position, typically numbering nine procurators divided into three colleges (di supra for basilica-centric duties, di citra for districts like San Marco and Castello, and de ultra for areas including San Polo), conferred immense prestige, with many incumbents later ascending to the dogeship and wielding influence over Venetian fiscal policy and public welfare.
Cabotegravir/rilpivirine
Cabotegravir/rilpivirine, sold under the brand name Cabenuva, is a co-packaged antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It contains cabotegravir and rilpivirine in a package with two separate injection vials.

The most common adverse reactions include injection site reactions, fever or feeling hot (pyrexia), fatigue, headache, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, sleep disorders, dizziness and rash.

The co-packaged medication was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2021. It is the first FDA-approved injectable, complete regimen for HIV-infected adults that is administered once a month. It is also approved for use in Canada. In the European Union, the two medications are approved separately and have different brand names: Vocabria (for cabotegravir) and Rekambys (for rilpivirine).

Rash
A rash is a change of the skin that affects its color, appearance, or texture.

A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell, and may be painful.
The causes, and therefore treatments for rashes, vary widely. Diagnosis must take into account such things as the appearance of the rash, other symptoms, what the patient may have been exposed to, occupation, and occurrence in family members. The diagnosis may confirm any number of conditions.
The presence of a rash may aid diagnosis; associated signs and symptoms are diagnostic of certain diseases. For example, the rash in measles is an erythematous, morbilliform, maculopapular rash that begins a few days after the fever starts. It classically starts at the head, and spreads downwards.
Söll
Söll is a municipality in the district of Kufstein in the Austrian region of Sölllandl. It is located 9 km south of Kufstein and 9 km east of Wörgl. The village consists of 25 subdivisions. The main sources of income are agriculture and tourism.

Wörgl
Wörgl (German pronunciation: [ˈvœrɡəl]) is a city in the Austrian state of Tyrol, in the Kufstein district. It is 20 km (12 mi) from the international border with Bavaria, Germany.

It is known for the "Miracle of Wörgl" in the 1930s, a local currency experiment credited with reviving the local economy in an economic depression.
Birkenhead North TMD
Birkenhead North TMD is a traction maintenance depot, which is owned by Network Rail and operated by Stadler. Located opposite Birkenhead North railway station, it is currently responsible for servicing and stabling Merseyrail's fleet of class 777 electric multiple units and also services and stables Transport for Wales' fleet of 5 Class 230 diesel-battery electric multiple units.

Birkenhead North's current depot code is BD, having been changed from BN in 1976.

Stadler Rail
Stadler Rail AG is a Swiss manufacturer of railway rolling stock based in Bussnang, Switzerland. Established with a focus on regional multiple unit trains and trams, the company has since diversified into the production of rapid transit, high-speed rail, intercity, and sleeper train vehicles. Stadler is also among the few remaining manufacturers of rack railway rolling stock. As of 2023, the company employed approximately 13,900 people worldwide.

Stadler Rail operates through 50 subsidiaries across 23 countries, including Algeria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Spain, Czech Republic, Hungary, Belarus, and the United States. The company has also established joint ventures with INKA in Indonesia and Medha Servo Drives in India.
Ontario Peninsula
The Ontario Peninsula is the southernmost part of the province of Ontario and of Canada as a whole. It is bounded by Lake Huron on the west, Lake Ontario on the east, and Lake Erie on the south. At its tip, it is separated from Michigan by the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, as well as Lake St. Clair. The peninsula also includes the Bruce and Niagara peninsulas, one projecting into Lake Huron and the other projecting towards New York, from which it is separated by the Niagara River.

The corner of the peninsula that lies on Lake Ontario is known as the Golden Horseshoe and forms Canada's largest population centre. Other large cities include  London and Windsor.

Niagara Peninsula
The Niagara Peninsula is an isthmus lying between the southwestern shore of Lake Ontario and the northeastern shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada. Technically an isthmus rather than a peninsula, it stretches from the Niagara River in the east to Hamilton, Ontario, in the west. The peninsula is located in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, and has a population of roughly 500 000  residents. The region directly across the Niagara River and Lake Erie in New York State is known as the Niagara Frontier.
Homa Bay Airport
Homa Bay Airport (ICAO: HKHB), also known as Kabunde Airstrip, is an airport located 6 km (3.7 mi) from the town of Homa Bay in Homa Bay County, Kenya. It was modernised in 2015 and received its first commercial flights in January 2016.

Homa Bay
Homa Bay is a town (and eponymous bay) on the south shore of Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, in western Kenya. It lies near Mount Homa (in the Luo language Got Marahuma or God Uma ["famous mountain"]) and Ruma National Park, the latter noted for Jackson's hartebeests and roan antelope (the government has also released reticulated giraffes into the park).

Homa Bay was once the District Headquarters for all of South Nyanza District, Nyanza Province, but has now been divided into at least three districts. Homa Bay is now the capital of Homa Bay County per the new constitution. The town of Homa Bay hosts a Municipal Council. The municipality had a population of 44,949 in 2019.

Homa Bay municipality has six wards: Central, Kalanya, Kanyabala, Kanyadier/Kothidha, Katuma, and Posta/Bonde. All of them belong to the Rangwe Constituency, which has a total of fourteen wards. The remaining eight are located within Homa Bay County Council, the rural council of Homa Bay District.
Gbiel Simon Suurbaareh
Gbiel Simon Suurbaareh is a Ghanaian jurist who serves as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana, having been elevated to the bench in 2025. Prior to this, he served as a Justice of the Court of Appeal and as the representative of the Court of Appeal justices on Ghana's Judicial Council. His judicial career spans multiple roles within Ghana's judicial system, including public tribunals, circuit courts, and high courts.

Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.

The Supreme Court of Ghana has the final say on legal matters and can overturn lower court decisions. The Court consists of nine justices and hears cases on a wide range of issues, including criminal law, civil law, and administrative law.
Lepraria sylvicola
Lepraria sylvicola is a species of leprose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. This crust-forming lichen grows primarily in woodlands across western Britain and Ireland. It appears as a powdery, bluish-white to pale blue-grey coating on tree bark and occasionally on rock surfaces. The species is particularly common on mature sessile oak trees in natural and semi-natural woodlands, where it often grows alongside mosses and other lichens. The species can be distinguished from similar-looking lichens by its unique combination of chemical compounds, which include roccellic acid and toensbergianic acid. While it occurs from sea level up to 440 metres in elevation, it is most frequently found in sheltered locations on tree trunks and large branches that are protected from direct rainfall.

Roccellic acid
Roccellic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C17H32O4.  It was first described in the 19th century as a chemical constituent of the lichen Roccella tinctoria.  It has since been identified in a variety of other lichens including Roccella montagnei, Lobodirina cerebriformes, Lobodirina mahuiana, and Dirina lutosa, among others.

Several laboratory syntheses of roccellic acid have been reported.
John Ormond (farmer)
Sir John Davies Wilder Ormond BEM JP (8 September 1905 – 8 March 1995) was a businessman and farmer from New Zealand.

Born to working class parents, Ormond became a sheep and cattle farmer in his early life. He became politically involved within the farming sector in the 1920s, gaining influence and expanding his scope of interest in the coming years. He was most well-known as a proponent of the New Zealand Legion, a radical conservative party. In 1935, he ran in Waipawa as a reformer, but ultimately lost due to splitting the vote of the right-wing parties. He also lost an election in 1938.

Ormond joined the New Zealand Army in the wake of World War II, winning several medals during his military career. After the war, he continued as an activist within New Zealand's meat industry up until his death.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Guido Goldschmiedt
Guido Goldschmiedt (May 29, 1850 – August 6, 1915) was an Austrian chemist. During his career, he collaborated with Bunsen in Heidelberg and Baeyer in Straßburg. In 1891, he became full professor at the University of Vienna and later at the University of Prague. His most remarkable results were establishing the structure of several natural compounds including papaverine and ellagic acid.

University of Strasbourg
The University of Strasbourg (French: Université de Strasbourg, Unistra) is a public research university located in Strasbourg, France, with over 52000 students and 3300 researchers. Founded in the 16th century by Johannes Sturm, it was a center of intellectual life during the Age of Enlightenment.

In the 1970s, the old university was reorganized into three distinct institutions, which were consolidated in 2009. The current University of Strasbourg comprises 35 academic faculties, schools, and institutes, as well as 71 research laboratories spread across six campuses, including the historic site in the Neustadt.

Throughout its existence, Unistra alumni, faculty, or researchers have included 18 Nobel laureates, two Fields Medalists and a wide range of notable individuals in their respective fields. Among them are Goethe, statesman Robert Schuman, historian Marc Bloch and several chemists such as Louis Pasteur.
Elizabeth Mary Wells
Elizabeth Mary Wells (1863–1918), also known as Elizabeth Hooper, was a Roman Catholic British physician and medical missionary. She worked for the Church Missionary Society in Equatorial East Africa, especially in Kahuhia and Jilore. In Kahuhia, she was instrumental in the long-lasting success of the hospital and served as the President at Kennaway Hall, leading the only training center for female missionaries at the time as well as leading two branch dispensaries. While in Jilore and Kahuhia, she dealt with a variety of medical conditions, primarily rheumatic gout, dysentery, and pneumonia.

Central Province (Kenya)
The Central Province (Swahili: Kati, Gikuyu: Gichigo gia Gatagati) was a region in central Kenya until 2013, when Kenya's provinces were replaced by a system of counties. It covered an area of 11,449 km2 (4,420 sq mi) and was located to the north of Nairobi and west of Mount Kenya (see maps). The province had 4,383,743 inhabitants according to the 2009 census. The provincial headquarters was Nyeri.

Central Province was the ancestral home of the Gikuyu people.
Tsendiin Nyamdorj
Tsendiin Nyamdorj (Mongolian: Цэндийн Нямдорж; born 10 August 1956) is a Mongolian politician. He served as Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs from 2017 to 2020 and the Chairman of the State Great Khural from 2005 to 2007.

Chairman of the State Great Khural
The Chairman of the State Great Khural (Mongolian: Улсын Их Хурлын дарга, romanized: Ulsyn Ikh Khurlyn darga) is the presiding officer of the State Great Khural, the unicameral parliament of Mongolia, and a member of the National Security Council of Mongolia. It is the third-highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in Mongolia.
Scrapper (2023 film)
Scrapper is a 2023 British comedy drama film written and directed by Charlotte Regan in her feature debut. It stars Lola Campbell, Alin Uzun and Harris Dickinson and was produced by BBC Film, BFI and DMC Film.

The film premiered at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize for the World Cinema Dramatic Competition, and was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom on 25 August 2023. It received positive reviews and got 14 nominations at the 2023 British Independent Film Awards. It was also named one of the top 10 independent films of 2023 by the National Board of Review.

BBC Film
BBC Film (formerly BBC Films) is the feature film-making arm of the BBC. It was founded on 18 June 1990, and has produced or co-produced between eight to fifteen films a year, working in partnership with major international and UK distributors.

Originally based in Mortimer Street, London.The company was founded as a wholly owned but independent film-making company by Mark Shivas as part of the Drama Department. David M. Thompson became its head in 1997.

A restructuring in 2007 integrated BBC Films into the main BBC Fiction department of BBC Vision. As a result, it moved out of its independent offices into BBC Television Centre, and Thompson left to start his own film production company. BBC Film has been based at Broadcasting House in London since 2013. The company changed its name to BBC Film in 2020.

In 2022 Eva Yates became head of BBC Film, responsible for the development and production slate, strategy and business operations.
Outline of trauma and orthopedics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to trauma and orthopaedics:

Orthopedic surgery – branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal injuries, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, bone tumours, and congenital limb deformities.  Trauma surgery and traumatology is a sub-specialty dealing with the operative management of fractures, major trauma and the multiply-injured patient.

Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin.

A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. Most bone fractures require urgent medical attention to prevent further injury.