hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aurora Vergara
Aurora Vergara Figueroa (born May 14, 1987) is a Colombian sociologist, academic, and professor who served as Minister of National Education from 2023 to 2024 under President Gustavo Petro, Vergara served as Deputy Minister of Higher Education from 2022 to 2023.

Born in Cali, Cauca Valley, she holds a degree in Sociology from the University of Valle and a master's degree in Academic Affairs from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 2022, she was a member of Gustavo Petro's presidential transition team and later in August assumed the position of Deputy Minister of Higher Education, a position she would hold until 2023, when she would become Minister of National Education.

Ministry of National Education (Colombia)
The Ministry of National Education (Spanish: Ministerio de Educación Nacional) is the national executive ministry of the Government of Colombia responsible for overseeing the instruction and education of the Colombian people, similar to education ministries in other countries.
Dobrosława of Pomerania
Dobrosława of Pomerania (before 1129 – after 1226) was a princess from Griffin dynasty. She was Countess of Gützkow and Schlawe. She was most likely the daughter of Bogusław I, duke of Pomerania, and his wife, Walpurga.

Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania
Bogusław I (also Bogislaw and Boguslaus; c. 1130 – 18 March 1187), a member of the House of Griffin, was Duke of Pomerania from 1156 until his death. In 1181 he received the "Duchy of Slavinia" as a fief from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
James Johnston Mason Brown
James Johnston Mason Brown OBE, FRCSEd (28 February 1908 – 9 June 1964) was a Scottish paediatric surgeon.  During World War II he  served as a surgical specialist with the 8th Army in North Africa and Italy and was awarded the OBE for this service. As  surgeon-in-chief at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, he edited the major textbook The Surgery of Childhood. He was the joint founder of the  Scottish Surgical Paediatric Society and a founder member of the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons (BAPS), of which he became president. He was elected President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (RCSEd) in 1962 but died in office aged 56 years.

Ian Aird
Ian Aird (4 July 1905 – 17 September 1962) was a Scottish surgeon who became Professor of Surgery at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London. There he built up a large and productive research department which made particular contributions in cardiac surgery, renal transplantation and the association of blood groups with stomach cancer. He came to national and international prominence in 1953 when he led the teams which performed an operation to separate conjoined twins. His book A Companion in Surgical Studies was among the best selling surgical textbooks of its day. He died suddenly in 1962 at the age of 57.
Rancho Bolsa de Chamisal
Rancho Bolsa de Chamisal was a 14,335-acre (58.01 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Luis Obispo County, California given in 1837 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Francisco Quijada.  The grant extended along the Pacific coast, just south of present-day Oceano, and was bordered on the north by Rancho Pismo and the south by Rancho Guadalupe.

Rancho Pismo
Rancho Pismo was a 8,839-acre (35.77 km2) Mexican land grant in present day San Luis Obispo County, California, given in 1840 by acting governor Manuel Jimeno Casarin to José Ortega (probably a descendant or other relative of José Francisco Ortega).  The grant extended along the Pacific coast and encompassed present day Pismo Beach, Grover Beach, Shell Beach and parts of Arroyo Grande.
Phytane
Phytane is the isoprenoid alkane formed when phytol, a chemical substituent of chlorophyll, loses its hydroxyl group. When phytol loses one carbon atom, it yields pristane. Other sources of phytane and pristane have also been proposed than phytol.

Pristane and phytane are common constituents in petroleum and have been used as proxies for depositional redox conditions, as well as for correlating oil and its source rock (i.e. elucidating where oil formed). In environmental studies, pristane and phytane are target compounds for investigating oil spills.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Jean Stanfield
Jean Stanfield is an American politician who served in the New Jersey Senate, representing the 8th Legislative District from 2022 to 2024. She previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly, representing the 8th Legislative District from 2020 to 2022. Stanfield served as Sheriff of Burlington County from 2002 to 2019.

New Jersey's 8th legislative district
New Jersey's 8th legislative district is one of 40 in the New Jersey Legislature, covering the Burlington County municipalities of Bass River, Chesterfield Township, Eastampton Township, Evesham Township, Hainesport Township, Lumberton Township, Mansfield Township, Medford Township, Medford Lakes Borough, Mount Holly Township, New Hanover, Pemberton Borough, Pemberton Township, Shamong Township, Southampton Township, Springfield Township, Tabernacle Township, Washington Township, Westampton Township,Woodland Township, and Wrightstown Borough; and the Atlantic County municipalities of Egg Harbor City, New Jersey, Folsom, Hammonton, and Mullica.
John Allan (businessman)
John Murray Allan CBE (born 20 August 1948) is a British businessman. He is chair of the housebuilder Barratt Developments, and was president and vice president of the Confederation of British Industry, and chairman of the supermarket chain Tesco.

Confederation of British Industry
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a British business interest group, which says it represents 190,000 businesses.  The CBI has been described by the Financial Times as "Britain's biggest business lobby group". Incorporated by royal charter, its mission is to promote the conditions in which businesses of all sizes and sectors in the UK can compete and prosper for the benefit of all. In 2023, the association was shaken by numerous accusations of sexual misconduct in the organisation.
Bell-Irving River
The Bell-Irving River is a tributary of the Nass River in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It originates in the Sacred Headwaters region, and flows about 165 km (103 mi) south to the Nass River. It course lies between the Oweegee Range of the Skeena Mountains to the east and the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains to the west.

The Bell-Irving River's watershed is within the traditional territory of several First Nations and there have been conflicting claims. The main peoples whose histories involve the Bell-Irving River are the Gitxsan (also spelled Gitksan), Gitanyow, Nisga'a, Tahltan, and Tsetsaut.

Nisga'a
The Nisga’a (English: /ˈnɪsɡɑː/; Nisga'a: Nisg̱a’a [nisqaʔa]), formerly spelled Nishga or Niska, are an Indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada. They reside in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. The origin of the term Niska is uncertain. The spelling Nishga is used by the Nishga Tribal Council, and some scholars claim that the term means 'people of the Nass River'. The name is a reduced form of [naːsqaʔ], which is a loan word from Tongass Tlingit, where it means 'people of the Nass River'.

The official languages of Nisg̱a’a are the Nisg̱a’a language and English.
Grand Orient of Italy
The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) (Italian: Grande Oriente d'Italia) is an Italian masonic grand lodge founded in 1805; the viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment. It was based at the Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome, Italy from 1901 until 1985 and is now located at the Villa del Vascello. Its current Grand Master is Stefano Bisi.

As of September 2015 the Grand Orient had 22,675 members in 842 lodges, a significant growth over the preceding three-year period.

Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (French: [øʒɛn d(ə) boaʁnɛ]; 3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French statesman and military officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Through the second marriage of his mother, Joséphine de Beauharnais, he was the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte. Under the French Empire, he also became Napoleon's adopted son (but not the heir to the imperial throne). He was Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy under his stepfather, from 1805 to 1814, and commanded the Army of Italy during the Napoleonic Wars. Historians consider him one of Napoleon's most able relatives.
Khema
Khema (Pali: Khemā; Sanskrit: Kṣemā) was a Buddhist bhikkhuni, or nun, who was one of the top female disciples of the Buddha. She is considered the first of the Buddha's two chief female disciples, along with Uppalavanna. Khema was born into the royal family of the ancient Kingdom of Madra, and was the wife of King Bimbisara of the ancient Indian kingdom of Magadha. Khema was convinced to visit the Buddha by her husband, who hired poets to sing about the beauty of the monastery he was staying at to her. She attained enlightenment as a laywoman while listening to one of the Buddha's sermons, considered a rare feat in Buddhist texts. Following her attainment, Khema entered the monastic life under the Buddha as a bhikkhuni. According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha declared her his female disciple foremost in wisdom. Her male counterpart was Sariputta.

Śrāvaka
Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or sāvaka (Pali) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple". This term is used in Buddhism and Jainism. In Jainism, a śrāvaka is any lay Jain so the term śrāvaka has been used for the Jain community itself (for example see Sarak and Sarawagi). Śrāvakācāras are the lay conduct outlined within the treaties by Śvetāmbara or Digambara mendicants. "In parallel to the prescriptive texts, Jain religious teachers have written a number of stories to illustrate vows in practice and produced a rich répertoire of characters."

In Buddhism, the term is sometimes reserved for distinguished disciples of the Buddha.
Philip Young (ambassador)
Philip Young (May 9, 1910 – January 15, 1987) was an American government official and diplomat who served as United States ambassador to the Netherlands and chair of the United States Civil Service Commission

United States Civil Service Commission
The United States Civil Service Commission was a government agency of the federal government of the United States. It was created to select employees of federal government on merit rather than relationships. In 1979, it was dissolved as part of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978; the Office of Personnel Management and the Merit Systems Protection Board are the successor agencies.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD44
In molecular biology, snoRNA U44 (also known as SNORD44)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U44 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U44 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and expression verified by northern blotting. It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) at residue A166. In the human genome, U44 is located in the same gene as several other C/D box snoRNAs (U47, U74, U75, U76, U77, U78, U79, U80 and U81).

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
SiriusXM Comedy Club
SiriusXM Comedy Club is a Sirius XM Radio channel featuring uncensored comedy from Canada. It was created in November 2005 as a result of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's (CRTC) regulations for Canadian content on the XM Radio Canada platform, originally as Laugh Attack until 2013 and then as Canada Laughs from 2013 to 2019.

In conjunction with the Just for Laughs comedy festival, the channel was rebranded as Just for Laughs Radio on February 25, 2019 (and shortly thereafter to Just for Laughs Canada) and broadcast content from Just for Laughs events as well as independent content by Canadian comics.

In early 2024, the channel quietly dropped its affiliation with Just for Laughs and rebranded again, this time as SiriusXM Comedy Club.

Just for Laughs
Just for Laughs (French: Juste pour rire) is a comedy festival that is held every July in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1982 by Gilbert Rozon, it is the largest international comedy festival in the world. In addition to the festivals themselves, Just for Laughs also developed, produced, and distributed other forms of comedy entertainment, such as television programming.

In March 2024, it was announced that Just for Laughs as a business went bankrupt, and consequently, all of its festivals were cancelled. The media speculated about its future in Montreal, and how it could be uncertain. In May, however, ComediHa, another Quebec-based company specializing in comedy, announced its acquisition of several assets, including the festival. It was then announced that the anglophone festival would go on, albeit smaller, and without the usual televised galas.
Donald Kingaby
Donald Ernest Kingaby, DSO, AFC, DFM & Two Bars (7 January 1920 – 31 December 1990) was a Royal Air Force (RAF) aviator and flying ace of the Second World War. He was the only person to be awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal three times.

During an operational career of some 300 operations, Kingaby scored 21 air victories against enemy aircraft, as well as two shared victories, six probables and 11 damaged during the war. 14 of his solo victories came against the Messerschmitt Bf 109.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Samuel H. Ordway
Samuel Hanson Ordway (born New York City, New York, June 8, 1860; died New York City, New York, April 19, 1934) was an American lawyer, judge, public servant, and advocate of civil service reform. He served briefly as a judge of the New York Supreme Court's First Judicial District during 1917.

New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the superior court in the Judiciary of New York.  It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in county courts.

New York is the only state where supreme court is a trial court rather than a court of last resort (which in New York is the Court of Appeals). Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state." The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.

A separate branch of the Supreme Court called the Appellate Division serves as the highest intermediate appellate court in New York.
WLDB
WLDB (105.3 MHz) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Mukwonago, Wisconsin, and serving the Greater Milwaukee radio market.  The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, a non-profit organization based in Franklin, Tennessee, carrying EMF's secondary network of worship music, Air1 in a simulcast with sister station WLUM-FM (102.1), with WLVE (93.3) now serving as the market's K-Love station after WLDB broadcast the network for over fourteen years.

WLDB's transmitter is sited off of Beeheim Road in Waukesha.

Air1
Air1 is an American Christian radio network owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry. It primarily broadcasts contemporary worship music, and is a sister to the EMF's K-Love network.
The Rainbow Fish
The Rainbow Fish (German: Der Regenbogenfisch) is a children's picture book drawn and written by Swiss author and illustrator Marcus Pfister; it was translated into English by J. Alison James. The book is best known for the distinctive shiny foil scales of the Rainbow Fish. Decode Entertainment turned the story into an animated television series of the same name, which aired on the HBO Family television channel in the United States and Teletoon in Canada from 1999 until 2000. The book has been criticized by Reason magazine for "promot[ing] socialism" and "collectivist" values in a children's book, with some saying that "...[the Rainbow Fish] only gets truly ostracized because he won't hand over his body parts on demand, in the name of equality."

Reason (magazine)
Reason is an American libertarian monthly magazine published by the Reason Foundation. As of 2024, the magazine has a circulation of about 50,000 (print and online), reaching nearly two million social media followers.
Thomas Ott
Thomas Ott (born 10 June 1966) is a Swiss comic artist. His comics have been published in German-speaking countries, France, the United States, Spain, Denmark, Italy and other places.

Ott's often wordless comics feature a dark, grim atmosphere; he works mainly with cutters and scratchboard.

Scratchboard
Scratchboard or scraperboard or scratch art is a form of direct engraving in which the artist scratches off dark ink to reveal a white or colored layer beneath. The technique uses sharp knives and tools for engraving into the scratchboard, which is usually cardboard covered in a thin layer of white China clay coated with black India ink. Scratchboard can yield highly detailed, precise and evenly textured artwork. Works can be left black and white, or colored.
Disqualification of Jackie Robinson West Little League from the 2014 Little League World Series
The Jackie Robinson West Little League, or JRW, based in Washington Heights, Chicago, Illinois, United States, competed in the 2014 Little League World Series in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The team was very successful, winning the U.S. bracket of the tournament, before ultimately losing the championship game to a team from South Korea. Following the tournament, Little League Baseball was tipped that JRW was definitely using ineligible players during their run to Williamsport. This led to a thorough investigation, which ultimately resulted in Little League Baseball stripping JRW of all its 2014 accomplishments on February 11, 2015.

2014 Little League World Series
The 2014 Little League World Series, held in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania, started on August 14 and ended on August 24, 2014. Eight teams from the United States, and eight from the rest of the world, competed in the 68th edition of the Little League World Series (LLWS). This was the first LLWS to feature entire rosters of players born in the 21st century.

All games took place at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Little League Volunteer Stadium. ESPN again broadcast the games. Seoul Little League of Seoul, South Korea, defeated Jackie Robinson West Little League of Chicago, Illinois, 8–4, to win the championship.

On February 11, 2015, Jackie Robinson West had all of its tournament wins forfeited after it was found that the team used ineligible players from outside the Chicago area. Mountain Ridge Little League of Las Vegas, Nevada, was named the official U.S. champion.
Manaia Elliott
Manaia Poppy Elliott (Māori: [ma.na.ia]; born 21 April 2005) is a New Zealand professional footballer who plays as a defender for A-League Women club Wellington Phoenix and for the New Zealand national team.

New Zealand women's national football team
The New Zealand women's national football team represents New Zealand in international football competitions, and is governed by New Zealand Football (NZF). They are nicknamed the Football Ferns.

The New Zealand national team has taken part in the FIFA Women's World Cup six times, making their debut in 1991. New Zealand co-hosted the 2023 World Cup alongside Australia. They have failed to go past the group stage in all occasions.
Long Lake Dam
Long Lake Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Spokane River, between Lincoln County and Stevens County about 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Spokane in eastern Washington. It forms Long Lake (Washington), a 23.5 mi (37.8 km) long reservoir, and has a hydroelectric generating capacity of 71 megawatts. The dam was built by Washington Water Power (now Avista Utilities), which operates five other dams along the Spokane.

Upon its completion in 1915, Long Lake Dam completely blocked salmon migrations to the upper portions of the Spokane River watershed, although much larger Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River extirpated salmon from the entire Spokane basin by 1942.

Lincoln County, Washington
Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,876, making it the fifth-least populous county in the state. The county seat and largest city is Davenport. Lincoln County was created from Whitman County in November 1883. It is named for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States.
Kroh
Kroh or Keruh (Thai: โกร๊ะ; RTGS: Kro), now known as Pengkalan Hulu, is a town in Hulu Perak District, Perak, Malaysia bordering Thailand and also the state of Kedah. The nearest town on the Thailand side is Betong in Yala province.

Hulu Perak District
Hulu Perak District (lit. 'Upper Perak') is the largest district in Perak, Malaysia. The seat of the district is Gerik, which is also the largest town of the district.

The highest point in the district is the Ulu Titi Basah peak in the Titiwangsa Mountains. The peak is 1,533 m (5,030 ft) tall and is located near the Malaysia–Thailand border and Temenggor Lake.

To the east, it borders the districts of Jeli and Gua Musang in Kelantan; to the west, it borders Baling and Kulim Districts of Kedah; to the south, it borders the district of Kuala Kangsar; while to the south-west, it borders the district of Larut, Matang and Selama. Hulu Perak also shares a border with Yala province's Betong district on the border with Thailand.