hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Louis Southwestern Railway
The St. Louis Southwestern Railway Company (reporting mark SSW), known by its nickname of "The Cotton Belt Route" or simply "Cotton Belt", was a Class I railroad that operated between St. Louis, Missouri, and various points in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Texas from 1891 to 1980, when the system added the Rock Island's Golden State Route and operations in Kansas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. The Cotton Belt operated as a Southern Pacific subsidiary from 1932 until 1992, when its operation was assumed by Southern Pacific Transportation Company.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Oxendolone
Oxendolone, sold under the brand names Prostetin and Roxenone, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication which is used in Japan in the treatment of enlarged prostate. However, this use is controversial due to concerns about its clinical efficacy. Oxendolone is not effective by mouth and must be given by injection into muscle.

Oxendolone is an antiandrogen, and hence is an antagonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. It is also a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. Due to its progestogenic activity, oxendolone has antigonadotropic effects. Oxendolone has no other important hormonal activity...

Oxendolone was introduced for medical use in 1981. It is used only in Japan.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Ileitis
Ileitis is an inflammation of the ileum, a portion of the small intestine.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may mimic Crohn's disease Ileitis. Ileitis may be linked to a broad range of illnesses, such as sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, ischemia, neoplasms, spondyloarthropathies, vasculitides, drug-related conditions, and eosinophilic enteritis.`

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, M. tuberculosis can appear weakly Gram-positive.  Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen, or fluorescent stains such as auramine are used instead to identify M. tuberculosis with a microscope. The physiology of M. tuberculosis is highly aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the tuberculin skin test, acid-fast stain, culture, and polymerase chain reaction.

The M. tuberculosis genome was sequenced in 1998.
Thondaimandala Vellalar
Thondaimandala Vellalar is a high-ranking subcaste of the Vellalar caste in the state of Tamil Nadu, India who tend,  to adopt the title of Mudaliar and they were traditional "landlords and officials of the state class" described by the anthropologist Kathleen Gough. They are a closely knit community and follow the Vegetarian diet. Thondaimandalam Mudaliars / Vellalars are progressive and prosperous in the society and they are remarkably advanced in the matter of education

Kathleen Gough
Eleanor Kathleen Gough Aberle (16 August 1925 – 8 September 1990) was a British anthropologist and feminist who was known for her work in South Asia and South-East Asia.  As a part of her doctorate work, she did field research in Malabar district from 1947 to 1949. She did further research in Tanjore district from 1950 to 1953 and again in 1976, and in Vietnam in 1976 and 1982. In addition, some of her work included campaigning for: nuclear disarmament, the civil rights movement, women's rights, the third world and the end of the Vietnam War. She was known for her Marxist leanings and was on an FBI watchlist.
Timon of Athens
The Life of Tymon of Athens, often shortened to Timon of Athens, is a play written by William Shakespeare and likely also Thomas Middleton in about 1606. It was published in the First Folio in 1623. Timon lavishes his wealth on parasitic companions until he is poor and rejected by them. He then denounces all of mankind, and isolates himself in a cave in the wilderness.

The earliest-known production of the play was in 1674, when Thomas Shadwell wrote an adaptation under the title The History of Timon of Athens, The Man-hater. Multiple other adaptations followed over the next century, by writers such as Thomas Hull, James Love and Richard Cumberland.
The straight Shakespearean text was performed at Smock Alley in Dublin in 1761, but adaptations continued to dominate the stage until well into the 20th century.

Timon of Athens was originally grouped with the tragedies, but recently some scholars name it as one of the problem plays.

Smock Alley Theatre
Since the 17th century, there have been numerous theatres in Dublin with the name Smock Alley.

The current Smock Alley Theatre (Irish: Amharclann Scabhat Smock) is a 21st-century theatre in Dublin, converted from a 19th-century church building, incorporating structural material from an 18th-century theatre building, and built on the site of the 17th century Theatre Royal, Dublin. The present theatre was opened in 2012, after a €3.5 million investment.

The Smock Alley Theatre site comprises Smock Alley Theatre (177 seats), The Boys School (60 - 100 capacity), Black Box (80 capacity), and The Banquet Hall (150 capacity).
Rats: The Rusical
"Rats: The Rusical" is the second episode of the second series of the British television show RuPaul's Drag Race UK. It originally aired on 21 January 2021 and sees contestants perform in the show's first Rusical (musical theatre challenge), which is also the Drag Race franchise's first live Rusical.

Sheridan Smith is a guest judge. Veronica Green wins the episode's challenge. Cherry Valentine eliminated from the competition after placing in the bottom two and losing a lip-sync contest against Tayce to "Memory" by Elaine Paige.

Memory (Cats song)
"Memory" is a show tune composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Trevor Nunn based on poems by T. S. Eliot. It was written for the 1981 musical Cats, where it is sung primarily by the character Grizabella as a melancholic remembrance of her glamorous past and as a plea for acceptance. "Memory" is the climax of the musical and by far its best-known song, having achieved mainstream success outside of the musical. According to musicologist Jessica Sternfeld, writing in 2006, it is "by some estimations the most successful song ever from a musical."

Elaine Paige originated the role of Grizabella in the West End production of Cats and was thus the first to perform the song publicly on stage. "Memory" was named the Best Song Musically and Lyrically at the 1982 Ivor Novello Awards. In 2020, Jessie Thompson of the Evening Standard wrote, "Paige’s version set the standard and enabled Memory to become one of the most recognisable musical theatre songs of all time."
Omar Khribin
Omar Khribin (Arabic: عمر خربين, also spelled Kharbin or Kh'rbin; born 15 January 1994) is a Syrian professional footballer who plays as a forward or a winger for Emirati Club Al-Wahda and the Syria national team.

In 2017, Khribin became the first Syrian ever to win the Asian Footballer of the Year. He has also won the 2019 AFC Champions League with Al Hilal and has plied his trade in Iraq, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

2019 AFC Champions League
The 2019 AFC Champions League was the 38th edition of Asia's premier club football tournament, organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 17th under the current AFC Champions League title.

Al-Hilal defeated Urawa Red Diamonds 3–0 on aggregate in the final to earn a record-tying third Champions League title. As winners, they qualified for the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup in Qatar.

Kashima Antlers were the defending champions, but they were eliminated by Guangzhou Evergrande in the quarter-finals on away goals.
1924 Southern Rhodesian general election
General elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 29 April 1924, the first elections to the new Legislative Assembly following the granting of responsible government to the colony. The result was a comprehensive victory for the Rhodesia Party, which had been formed by the supporters of responsible government, who won 26 out of the 30 seats.

Responsible Government Association
The Responsible Government Association (RGA), called the Rhodesia Party from 1923, was a political party in Southern Rhodesia. Founded in 1917, it initially advocated responsible government for Southern Rhodesia within the British Empire, as opposed to incorporation into the Union of South Africa. When responsible government was achieved in 1923, the party became the governing Rhodesia Party. It endured until 1934, when it merged with the right wing of the Reform Party to create the United Party, which remained in power for 28 years afterwards, and was itself defunct by 1965.
Henri Scheibenstock
Henri Scheibenstock (24 March 1894 – 8 May 1978) was a French footballer who played as a midfielder for SH de Marseille and Olympique de Marseille. His brothers Andreas, Charley, and René are also footballers.

Stade Helvétique de Marseille
Stade Helvétique de Marseille, commonly abbreviated to Stade Helvétique or SH Marseille, was a French football club founded on 22 July 1904 under the name of La Suisse. On 19 July 1907 the club was renamed to the Stade Helvétique de Marseille. The club was dissolved in 1932 due to the Wall Street crash.
James Ferguson (Scottish politician)
James Ferguson FRSE (25 May 1735 – 6 September 1820) was a Scottish advocate and Tory politician and the third Laird of Pitfour, a large estate in the Buchan area of north east Scotland, which is known as the 'Blenheim of the North'.

Ferguson studied law in Edinburgh, qualifying in 1757 to gain membership of the Faculty of Advocates. He then undertook a tour of Europe throughout 1758 before following in his father's footsteps by joining the Scottish legal profession. Later in life his interests turned to politics and he became a Scottish Tory politician.

Among the extensive work carried out by Ferguson at Pitfour, he is also credited with beginning work on a canal between the Pitfour estate and the sea at Peterhead in order to transport agricultural produce. Despite planning objections from neighbours, work began in 1797. He is also credited with establishing the planned village of Mintlaw in 1813.

Faculty of Advocates
The Faculty of Advocates (Scottish Gaelic: Dàmh an Luchd-tagraidh) is an independent body of lawyers who have been admitted to practise as advocates before the courts of Scotland, especially the Court of Session and the High Court of Justiciary. The Faculty of Advocates is a constituent part of the College of Justice and is based in Edinburgh.

Advocates are privileged to plead in any cause before any of the courts of Scotland, including the sheriff courts and district courts, where counsel are not excluded by statute.
Rose baronets of Rayners (1874)
The Rose baronetcy, of Rayners in the County of Buckingham, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 14 May 1874 for the solicitor and political agent, Philip Rose, legal counsel to the Conservative Party and founder of the Brompton Hospital for Consumption.

As of 2026, the baronetcy is marked dormant on the Official Roll.

Sir Philip Rose, 1st Baronet
Sir Philip Rose, 1st Baronet, DL (12 April 1816 – 17 April 1883) was a British solicitor and political agent. A close political associate of Benjamin Disraeli, he is perhaps best-known today as one of the namesakes of the law firm Norton Rose Fulbright.
Vojnomir
Vojnomir, Voynomir or Vonomir I was a Slavic military commander in Frankish service, the duke of Slavs in Lower Pannonia, who ruled from c. 790 to c. 800 or from 791 to c. 810 over an area that corresponds to modern-day Slavonia, Croatia.

The Royal Frankish Annals makes mention of a Wonomyrus Sclavus (Vojnomir the Slav) active in 795. Eric of Friuli, sent Vojnomir with his army into Pannonia, between the Danube and Tisza, where they pillaged the Avars' dominions. According to Milko Kos they were not met with serious Avar resistance, and they conquered many forts. The next year the Avars were defeated and Frankish power was extended further east, to the central Danube. Vojnomir's leading position in the campaign has been presumed as very possible with regard to the textual analysis of Annales regni Francorum.

His origin and social position are not mentioned in any contemporary medieval source. His identity has been the subject of several hypotheses.

Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia)
Ljudevit (pronounced [ʎûdeʋit]) or Liudewit (Latin: Liudewitus), often also Ljudevit Posavski, was the Duke of the Slavs in Lower Pannonia[b] from 810 to 823. The capital of his realm was in Sisak (today in Croatia). As the ruler of the Pannonian Slavs, he led a resistance to Frankish domination. Having lost the war against the Franks, who were aided by Borna duke of Guduscani, Dalmatia and Liburnia, Ljudevit fled first to an unknown Serbian župa (a topic of historical debates) and killed the presiding Serbian župan there.  He  then fled to the Dalmatian duke Ljudemisl, who then killed him.
Proteus phenomenon
The Proteus phenomenon is the tendency in science for early replications of a work to contradict the original findings, a consequence of publication bias. It is akin to the winner's curse.

The term was coined by John Ioannidis and Thomas A. Trikalinos in 2005 named after the Greek god Proteus who could rapidly change his appearance. A 2013 paper argued that the phenomenon might be "desirable or even optimal" from a scientific standpoint.

Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method. For the findings of a study to be reproducible means that results obtained by an experiment or an observational study or in a statistical analysis of a data set should be achieved again with a high degree of reliability when the study is replicated. There are different kinds of replication but typically replication studies involve different researchers using the same methodology. Only after one or several such successful replications should a result be recognized as scientific knowledge.
Prajanchai P.K.Saenchaimuaythaigym
Nonthasit Phetnamthong (Thai: นนทสิทธิ์ เพชรน้ำทอง; born 16 October 1994), known professionally as Prajanchai P.K.Saenchai Muaythaigym (Thai: พระจันทร์ฉาย พี.เค.แสนชัยมวยไทยยิม) is a Thai professional Muay Thai fighter, kickboxer, and former boxer currently signed to ONE Championship. He is both the reigning ONE Strawweight Muay Thai World Champion and ONE Strawweight Kickboxing World Champion as well as a two-time Lumpinee Stadium champion and three-time Rajadamnern Stadium champion across four divisions.

Prajanchai also won a WBA Asia South Featherweight title. As of August 2024, he is the #8 ranked Bantamweight kickboxer by Beyond Kickboxing, the #7 ranked Flyweight kickboxer by Combat Press, and the #9 ranked P4P and #2 ranked Super Featherweight Muay Thai fighter by Combat Press.

Lumpinee Boxing Stadium
Lumpinee Boxing Stadium (Thai: สนามเวทีมวยลุมพินี) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand.  Opened more than a decade later than Rajadamnern Stadium, Lumpinee is run by the Royal Thai Army. It has become the symbol of modern Muay Thai. Only Rajadamnern Stadium rivals the prestige of holding the title of "Muay Thai Champion of Lumpinee". The ranking system and championship titles are held from mini flyweight (105 lb) up to super welterweight (154 lb).

Muay Thai bouts are held on Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The fights usually start around 18:00.

The final event at its original site on Rama IV Road near Lumphini Park (where One Bangkok is currently being built) was held on 8 February 2014. The stadium then moved to its new home on Ram Inthra Road which can hold up to 5,000 spectators. The new stadium held the first fight on 11 February 2014 and was officially opened on 28 February 2014.
Mark Miloscia
Mark Anthony Miloscia (born September 13, 1958) is an American politician and former public school teacher who served in the Washington State Senate from 2015 to 2019. A Democrat for more than twenty years, in 2014 he switched to the Republican Party and ran for election to represent the 30th Legislative District in the state senate - winning by more than ten percentage points. In 2016, Miloscia ran for state auditor as a Republican, but lost general election to Democrat Pat McCarthy by five percentage points. He represented the 30th legislative district for seven terms, from 1999 to 2013, in the Washington House of Representatives.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Austin Reed (American football)
Austin Reed (born February 22, 2000) is an American professional football quarterback for the Dallas Renegades of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Southern Illinois Salukis, West Florida Argonauts, and Western Kentucky Hilltoppers before signing with the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2024.

West Florida Argonauts football
The West Florida Argonauts football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the University of West Florida located in the U.S. state of Florida. The team competes in the NCAA Division II and are members of the Gulf South Conference. West Florida's first football team was fielded in 2016. The team plays its home games at Pen Air Field in Pensacola, Florida. The Argonauts are coached by Kaleb Nobles.
FC Hulbuk
Football Club Hulbuk Vose (Tajik: Клуби футболи «Ҳулбук» Восеъ) is a Tajikistani professional football club based in the city of Hulbuk (formerly known as Vose), located in the southern part of the country.   The club competes in the Tajikistan Higher League, the top tier of Tajik football, following promotion from the 2024 Tajikistan First League as league champions.

Tajikistan First League
The Ligai Yakumi Tojikiston (Tajik: Лигаи Якуми Тоҷикистон; Russian: Первая лига Таджикистана), or Tajikistan First League is a football league in Tajikistan, the second level of importance after the Tajikistan Higher League.

It is operated under the auspices of the Tajikistan Football League Organization and rebranded Tajikistan Football Federation. The Tajikistan First League was founded in 2004. According to previous reports, Tajikistan's First League was founded in 1992, as well as many "First Leagues" of other Post-Soviet countries.
Savitri Upanishad
The Savitri Upanishad (Sanskrit: सावित्री उपनिषत्),  or Savitryupanishad, is a Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is attached to the Samaveda, and one of the Samanya Upanishads. The text title is related to the Hindu Sun god.

The Upanishad describes the Savitri-vidya (knowledge of sunlight), asserting that everything in the universe is a manifestation of the masculine Savitr and feminine Savitri, elaborating on the Gayatri Mantra. The text also presents the Advaitic notion of nondual Brahman, as well as two mantras called the Bala (Strength) and Atibala (Super Strength) to meditate on Virat Purusha and Om.

Muktikā
Muktikā (Sanskrit: मुक्तिका) refers to the Sanskrit-language anthology of a canon of 108 Upaniṣhads. The date of composition of each is unknown, with the oldest probably from about 800 BCE. The Principal Upanishads were composed in the 1st millennium BCE, most Yoga Upanishads composed probably from the 100 BCE to 300 CE period, and seven of the Sannyasa Upanishads composed before the 3rd century CE.

The canon is part of a dialogue between Rama and Hanuman dealing with the inquiry into mukti in the Muktikā Upanishad (108 in the list). The other collections of Upanishads include Oupanekhat, a Persian language anthology of 50 Upanishads; the Colebrooke Collection of 52 Upanishads, and the 52 Upanishad Collection of Nārāyana.
Natural gas in Israel
Natural gas in Israel is the country's primary energy source for electricity production. Israel began producing natural gas from its own offshore gas fields in 2004. Between 2005 and 2012, Israel imported gas from Egypt via the al-Arish-Ashkelon pipeline, an arrangement that ended due to Egyptian Crisis of 2011-14. In  2017, Israel was producing  over 9 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas a year. Israel had 1,087 billion cubic meters (cu m) of proven reserves of natural gas as of 2022. In early 2017, Israel began exporting natural gas to the Kingdom of Jordan.

Arab Gas Pipeline
The Arab Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in the Middle East. It originates near Arish in the Sinai Peninsula and was built to export Egyptian natural gas to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, with branch underwater and overland pipelines to and from Israel. It has a total length of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), constructed at a cost of US$1.2 billion.