hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Commanday
Robert Paul Commanday (June 18, 1922 – September 3, 2015) was an American music critic who specialized in classical music. Among the leading critics of the West Coast, Commanday was a major presence in the Bay Area music scene over a five-decade career. From 1964 to 1994 he was the chief classical music critic of the San Francisco Chronicle, following which he became the founding editor of San Francisco Classical Voice in 1998.

As a critic, Commanday held high standards, though his writing was interspersed with humorous comments. His focus concerned American music in general, but particularly ensembles, performers and events in San Francisco. Also a music educator and choral conductor, Commanday held brief teaching posts at Ithaca College and the University of Illinois, before a decade of teaching music and conducting choirs at the University of California, Berkeley.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Bakhtawar Singh Thapa
Bakhtawar Singh Thapa (Nepali: बख्तावर सिंह थापा), also spelled Bhaktawar, was a Nepalese military commander, politician, and governor. He acted as an aide of his brother Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa and was appointed the commander of Samar Jung Company. He commanded the Bijayapur-Sindhuli Gadhi Axis in the first campaign of Anglo-Nepalese War and Makwanpur Gadhi Axis in the second campaign. Later, he became the governor of Palpa and died in the office.

Anglo-Nepalese War
The Anglo-Nepalese War (1 November 1814 – 4 March 1816), also known as the Gorkha War, was fought between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal. The conflict was caused by territorial disputes and expansionist ambitions on both sides. Nepal had expanded westward and eastward in the late 18th century, bringing it into conflict with British interests in northern India.
Fighting took place across rugged Himalayan terrain, with the British facing strong resistance from Nepalese forces under commanders such as Amar Singh Thapa. Early British setbacks were followed by advances under leaders like Sir David Ochterlony. The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli.
The Treaty of Sugauli was concluded to bring an end to the prolonged conflict between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal, as both sides had incurred significant losses and could no longer sustain the ongoing hostilities.
Raffaele Costa
Raffaele Costa (born 8 September 1936) is an Italian politician who was a deputy for decades and a minister and undersecrtary in various givernments. He was the president of the province of Cuneo from June 2004 to June 2009. Previously, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies representing the Italian Liberal Party and later Forza Italia between 1976 and 2003, and was also Minister for the Coordination of Community Policies and Regional Affairs from 1992 to 1993, Minister of Transport and Navigation from 1993 to 1994, Minister of Health between 1993 and 1995, and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) of the European People's Party from 1999 until June 2004. He was a author and publisher, and his son also became a prominent politician.

Minister for Regional Affairs
The minister for regional affairs and autonomies (Italian: ministro per affari regionali e le autonomie) is one of the positions in the Italian government.

The current minister for regional affairs and autonomies is Roberto Calderoli, a member of the League, who held the office since 22 October 2022 in the cabinet of Giorgia Meloni.
Nada Meawad
Nada Meawad (Arabic: ندى معوض; born April 12, 1998) is an Egyptian indoor and beach volleyball player, a member of the Egypt women's national volleyball team. She made her international debut when she was 15 years old on the 2013 FIVB Volleyball Girls' U18 World Championship in Thailand. She started playing in El Shams Club at the age of five years old. Nada Meawad and her teammate Doaa Elghobashy were the first ever African team to take part in the FIVB beach volleyball Olympic Games in 2016. She is a Five-time AVCA First Team All-American and Three-time NAIA Player of the Year 2018, 2020 and 2021 while playing college volleyball at Park University.

American Volleyball Coaches Association
The American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) is an organization of over 9,000 members, incorporated as a private non-profit educational corporation in 1981, as the Collegiate Volleyball Coaches Association. It is currently headquartered in Lexington, Kentucky.

The original members of the AVCA were intercollegiate coaches who banded together to form this particular coaching body. In 1986, during the San Francisco convention, the membership recognized the growing and developing high school and club communities. The name of the association was then changed to reflect these growing constituencies. The original Collegiate Volleyball Coaches Association was renamed the American Volleyball Coaches Association with the intent of responding to and serving all volleyball coaches.

The organization also produces a weekly national poll for collegiate volleyball similar to how the Associated Press makes a poll for NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision.
2022 Asian Men's Youth Beach Handball Championship
The 2022 Asian Youth Beach Handball Championship will be 2nd edition of the championship to be held from 22 to 28 March 2022 at Tehran, Iran under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation (AHF). It will be first time in history that the championship will be organised by IR Iran Handball Federation. It also acts as a qualification tournament for the 2022 Youth Beach Handball World Championship, with the two teams in each gender from the championship directly qualifying for the event to be hosted by Greece. The participants should be born between 1 January, 2004 and 31 December, 2006.

On 19 February 2020, the AHF decided to postpone the championship due to COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, the championship was scheduled to take place firstly from 1 to 10 April 2020, then from 11 to 17 September 2020 and then from 15 to 22 February 2021 but was postponed all times due to COVID-19 outbreak.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Nishinomiya Station (JR West)
Nishinomiya Station (西宮駅, Nishinomiya-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).  As a part of the JR West Urban Network, the following cards are accepted: J-Thru Card, ICOCA, Suica, Pasmo, and PiTaPa.

Sakura Shukugawa Station
Sakura Shukugawa Station (さくら夙川駅, Sakura Shukugawa eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, and is operated by the West Japan Railway Company. As a part of the JR West Urban Network, the following cards are accepted: J-Thru Card, ICOCA, Suica, and PiTaPa. The station's name comes from the park approximately 200m west of the station, Shukugawa Park (夙川公園).  The park is situated on the banks of the Shukugawa riverbed and is famous for its annual display of Cherry Blossoms, and is quite a popular site for flower viewing parties.
National Center for the Middle Market
The National Center for the Middle Market (NCMM) is a research center located at The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business. The center conducts research about and for middle market companies. The center focuses its efforts on research, outreach, events, student programs, and policy to spread awareness of the middle market, which is defined as businesses with revenues from $10 million to $1 billion.

Thomas A. Stewart is the Executive Director of the NCMM.

The NCMM was created in 2011 out of a partnership between the Fisher College of Business and GE Capital. It works on a variety of academic research each year. The center publishes the quarterly Middle Market Indicator as a check of middle market businesses, with over 1,000 senior executives of middle market companies surveyed on questions about revenue and employment growth, plans to invest, and other areas of concern.

Fisher College of Business
40°00′16.62″N 83°00′54.17″W﻿ / ﻿40.0046167°N 83.0150472°W﻿ / 40.0046167; -83.0150472

The Fisher College of Business is the business school of Ohio State University, a public research university in Columbus, Ohio. Fisher's campus is located on the northern part of the university within a partially enclosed business campus adjacent to St. John Arena. It is composed of brick buildings loosely arranged in a quadrangle. The 370,000-square-foot (34,000 m2) complex is the largest multi-building project ever undertaken by the university. Fisher is one of the founding members of the AACSB.

Established in 1916 as the College of Commerce and Journalism, the college was renamed in 1993 for Max M. Fisher, a 1930 Ohio State graduate who led efforts to provide a $20 million gift to the college. It has nearly 83,000 living alumni.
SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown
SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown is a shopping mall owned and operated by SM Prime Holdings, the largest mall operator in the Philippines, located in the city's business district along Luna St. cor. Mabini St., Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. Opened on October 12, 2017, it is the first SM Supermall in Cagayan, the second in Cagayan Valley and the 64th in the Philippines. Also the seventh SM Mall under the "Center" brand, it has a gross floor area of 33,301 m2 (358,450 sq ft).

SM Prime
SM Prime Holdings, Inc. (SMPH) is a Filipino integrated property developer and a public subsidiary of SM Investments Corporation. It was incorporated on January 6, 1994, to develop, conduct, operate, and maintain the SM commercial shopping centers and all businesses related thereto, such as the lease of commercial spaces within the compound of shopping centers. It went public on July 5, 1994, and subsequently grew to become the largest company listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange in terms of revenue. The company's main sources of revenues primarily include rental income from mall and food courts, as well as from cinema ticket sales and amusement income.
Marc Muniesa
Marc Muniesa Martínez  (born 27 March 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays mainly as a centre-back or left-back for Qatari Stars League club Al Shahaniya.

Muniesa began his career with Barcelona, making his debut at the end of the 2008–09 season at the age of 17. He then played for Barcelona B, helping them to win promotion to the Segunda División in 2009–10. He was on the verge of breaking into the first team in 2012–13, but suffered a torn knee ligament in pre-season and missed most of the season. In July 2013, he joined English side Stoke City on a free transfer. Four years later, he returned to La Liga with local side Girona, on a season-long loan. He made this move permanent in 2018 for €5 million but severed his contract a year later following their relegation, and joined Al-Arabi in Qatar.

Muniesa gained 26 caps for Spain at youth level, including five for the under-21 side with which he won the 2013 European Championship.

2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, or simply the 2013 Euro Under-21, was the 19th staging of UEFA's European Under-21 Championship. The final tournament was hosted by Israel from 5–18 June 2013.

The Israeli bid was chosen by UEFA's Executive Committee on 27 January 2011 in Nyon, Switzerland. This bid defeated the other bids from Bulgaria, Czech Republic, England and Wales.

Spain defended the title they won two years prior, winning their fourth championship after defeating Italy 4–2 in the final.
Dusack
A dusack or dussack (also dusägge and variants, from Czech tesák "cleaver; hunting sword", lit. "fang") is a  single-edged sword of the cutlass or sabre  type, in use as a side arm in Germany and the Habsburg monarchy during the 16th to 17th centuries, as well as a practice weapon based on this weapon used in early modern German fencing.

Sabre
A sabre or (American English) saber (/ˈseɪbər/ SAY-bər) is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry.

The military sabre was used as a duelling weapon in academic fencing in the 19th century, giving rise to a discipline of modern sabre fencing (introduced in the 1896 Summer Olympics) loosely based on the characteristics of the historical weapon.
Saughtonhall
Saughtonhall is a residential neighbourhood in the west of Edinburgh, Scotland, bordering Balgreen directly to the south and south-west, Murrayfield to the north (on the opposite side of Corstorphine Road (A8)), Carrick Knowe golf course to the west (bounded by the route of the Corstorphine Branch railway which is now a section of the pedestrian John Muir Way), and sports facilities (including Murrayfield Stadium, Murrayfield Ice Rink, Edinburgh Rugby Stadium and Roseburn Park cricket ground) on the opposite bank of the Water of Leith and its walkway to the east, connected by several footbridges which now also incorporate flooding defences. It is within the Corstorphine/Murrayfield ward under the City of Edinburgh Council.

A8 road (Scotland)
The A8 is a major road in Scotland, connecting Edinburgh to Greenock via Glasgow. Its importance diminished following the construction of the M8 motorway which also covers the route between Edinburgh and Glasgow.
Ally Pickering
Albert Gary Pickering (born 22 June 1967) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.

As a player, he played as a defender from 1989 until 2003 notably in the Premier League for Coventry City. He has also played in the Football League for Rotherham United, Stoke City, Burnley, Chesterfield and Chester City, as well as spells in Non-League football for Altrincham, Hyde United, Gainsborough Trinity and Mossley.

In 2001 he took charge of Mossley in a player/manager role and then went on to have spells in charge of Woodley Sports and New Mills before joining Hyde as their reserve team manager.

Hyde United F.C.
Hyde United Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Hyde, Greater Manchester, England, formed in 1919.

The team's strip is red shirts and black shorts and their home ground is the 4,250 capacity Ewen Fields, known as Project Solar Stadium for sponsorship reasons. Hyde United's record attendance was in 1952 when 7,600 spectators attended a game against Nelson. The club's all-time leading goalscorer is Pete O'Brien who scored 247 goals.
Prisse Papyrus
The Papyrus Prisse is an ancient Egyptian text written on papyrus in abbreviated hieratic script, sometimes referred to as the "oldest book in the world",
named after the French Egyptologist Émile Prisse d'Avennes, who purchased the papyrus scroll in Cairo 1843 claiming it was stolen from excavations he was conducting near Thebes.  Prisse later donated 1947 the papyrus to the Bibliothèque nationale de France and published its facsimile at the same time.

Thebes, Egypt
Thebes (Egyptian Arabic: طيبه), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about 800 kilometers (500 mi) south of the Mediterranean. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor. Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome (Sceptre nome) and was the capital of Egypt for long periods during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras.

The city was close to Nubia and the Eastern Desert, with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes. It was a religious center and the most venerated city during many periods of ancient Egyptian history.

The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and where the city was situated; and the western bank, where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found. In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Nayanar (Nair subcaste)
Nayanar (meaning "the Nayar") is an honorific title used by sub-castes of the Nair community from North Malabar, India. The word Nayanar is believed to have originated from the word "Nayanmar" meaning "Nairs", which is a title of nobility. Nayanar families are mostly seen north of the river Korapuzha. Like other North Malabar (Kannur and neighboring districts) Nairs, Nayanars earlier claimed a higher status to Nairs of South Malabar (Kozhikode and neighboring districts).

The Nayanar title is mostly given to prominent Nambiar families by the Chirakkal Raja. They sometimes have interchangeable surnames like Nambiar and Kurup. Samantha Nairs of South Malabar, Kaimals of Cochin, and Pillais of Travancore are considered similar castes to Nayanars.

Nambiar (Nair subcaste)
Nambiār, also known as Nambiyār, is a subcaste of the Nair caste in Kerala, India. The majority of them were the Jenmimar (feudal landlords) of the Malabar region.

In earlier days, Nambiar women, like most women of Nair clans of North Malabar (present-day Kannur, Kasaragod, Wayanad districts) would not marry Nair men of South Malabar (present-day Kozhikode, Malappuram, Palakkad, Thrissur districts).
Death by Lightning
Death By Lightning is an American historical drama miniseries created by Mike Makowsky and based on the 2011 book Destiny of the Republic by Candice Millard. It stars Michael Shannon as United States President James A. Garfield and Matthew Macfadyen as his assassin Charles J. Guiteau. The four-episode series premiered on November 6, 2025, on Netflix. It received widespread acclaim from critics, with particular praise for the performances, and was named one of the best television programs of the year by the American Film Institute.

American Film Institute Awards
The American Film Institute Awards (also known as the AFI Awards) are awards presented by the American Film Institute to recognize the top ten films and television programs of the year. Unlike other accolades about the art form, the AFI Awards acknowledge the film and television productions deemed culturally and artistically representative of the year's most significant achievements in the art of the moving image in American cinema.

Media that does not fit the AFI's conventional eligibility criteria for the main categories, such as non-American productions as well as other types of media, are given recognition through the AFI Special Award.
John Papworth
John Papworth (12 December 1921 – 4 July 2020) was an English clergyman, writer and activist. Throughout his life, he campaigned for the causes of antimilitarism, localism and ecologism. He founded Resurgence magazine and wrote in numerous other journals.

In 1997, his controversial views on shoplifting in supermarkets attracted international attention.

Localism (politics)
Localism is a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local over the national or international. Generally, localism supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture and local identity. Localism can be contrasted with regionalism and centralized government, with its opposite being found in unitarism.

Localism can also refer to a systematic approach to organizing a central government so that local autonomy is retained rather than following the usual pattern of government and political power becoming centralized over time.

On a conceptual level, there are important affinities between localism and deliberative democracy. This concerns mainly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Consequently, localism will encourage stronger democratic and political participatory forums and widening public sphere connectivity.
1923 Malaya Cup
This was the third season of the Malaya Cup (later known as the Malaysia Cup), an annual soccer tournament. It was contested by states in Malaya. The final was contested by the southern and northern champions in their respective conference rounds. Seven states sent their teams. The final was held at Selangor Club Field on 25 August 1923 where Singapore collected their second title in three consecutive final appearances against Perak with scoreline 2–1. It was during this year that a newspaper described it as "by far the greatest sporting event of the year (in Malaya)".

Malaysia Cup
The Malaysia Cup (Malay: Piala Malaysia), formerly known as Malaya Cup, is an annual football tournament in Malaysia, held at the end of the calendar year. The cup was first held in 1921. Despite its prestige and popularity as the country's oldest cup tournament, it does not guarantee a place in a continental competition, which is allocated to the Malaysia FA Cup winners. The competition was previously managed by the Football Association of Malaysia, before it was transferred to the Football Malaysia LLP (now known as the Malaysian Football League) in the 2016 season.

In the 2016 edition, the competition structure changed and only the top eleven teams of the Malaysia Super League and the top five teams of the Malaysia Premier League qualified for the cup.

The current title holder is Johor Darul Ta'zim, who won its fifth title in the 2024–25 edition.
Brandon Scherff
Brandon Scherff (born December 26, 1991) is an American former professional football guard who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes, earning unanimous All-American honors. He was selected by the Washington Redskins in the first round of the 2015 NFL draft, where he played for seven seasons and earned five Pro Bowls and one All-Pro selection. He also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.