hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otto Körting
Otto Körting (20 May 1884 – 3 July 1959) was a German politician.

After 1933 Germany became a one-party state. Körting was a member of the SPD which in the eyes of the new government was one of the larger "wrong" parties. He was accordingly excluded from public political roles during the ensuing twelve years, spending several significant stretches of time held in state detention.

After 1945 German borders had been moved and Körting found his home was in the Soviet occupation zone of what had previously been Germany. He was now a co-founder, and became the first president, of the territory's newly established Peasants Mutual Aid Association. In 1950, however, he again fell out of favour with the political authorities, in a second German one-party dictatorship, which ended his career, this time for good.

Peasants Mutual Aid Association
The Peasants Mutual Aid Association (German: Vereinigung der gegenseitigen Bauernhilfe, VdgB) was an East German mass organization for peasants and farmers, later also gardeners. It was founded in the 1945–1946 period and was a participant in the National Front. From 1950 to 1963 and again in 1986, it had representation in the Volkskammer.

In 1989, a GDR publication put the membership of the VdgB at 632,000 persons. During the Peaceful Revolution, the VdgB suffered because of its extensive connections with the ruling Socialist Unity Party. In February 1990, it changed its name to the Farmers Association of the GDR but was unable to make the transition from East German society to that of a reunified Germany. It was fully liquidated in 1994.

From 1979 to 1990, the VdgB operated the Ringberghaus, a large hotel east of the city of Suhl. The hotel's purpose was to provide accommodation for farmers on holiday in the Thuringian Forest, and a VdgB voucher was required for lodging.
6+4 Cycloaddition
[6+4] Cycloaddition is a type of cycloaddition between a six-atom pi system and a four-atom pi system, leading to a ten-membered ring. Because this is a higher-order cycloaddition, issues of periselectivity arise in addition to the usual concerns about regio- and stereoselectivity. Six-atom pi systems that have been employed in the reaction include tropone and tropone derivatives, fulvenes, and cycloheptatriene cobalt complexes.

Tropone
Tropone or 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one is an organic compound with some importance in organic chemistry as a non-benzenoid aromatic. The compound consists of a ring of seven carbon atoms with three conjugated alkene groups and a ketone group. The related compound tropolone (2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one) has an additional alcohol (or an enol including the double bond) group next to the ketone.  Tropones are uncommon in natural products, with the notable exception of the 2-hydroxyl derivatives, which are called tropolones.

Tropone has been known since 1951 and is also called cycloheptatrienylium oxide. The name tropolone was coined by M. J. S. Dewar in 1945 in connection to perceived aromatic properties.
Cunningham shoulder reduction
Cunningham shoulder reduction was originally published in 2003  and is an anatomically based method of shoulder reduction that utilizes positioning (analgesic position), voluntary scapular retraction, and bicipital massage. It is designed for true anterior/subcoracoid glenohumeral dislocations in patients who can fully adduct their humerus. This is distinct from anteroinferior / subglenoid glenohumeral dislocations for which alternative techniques should be used.
The method is one of several techniques used for shoulder reduction.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
764 Gedania
764 Gedania (prov. designation: A913 SF or 1913 SU) is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 26 September 1913, by German astronomer Franz Kaiser at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 24.98 hours. It was named after the Polish city of Gdańsk where the discoverer was an assistant at the observatory during the 1920s.

Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory
Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory (German: Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl) is a historic astronomical observatory located near the summit of the Königstuhl hill in the city of Heidelberg in Germany. It is operated by the Center for Astronomy (ZAH) at the University of Heidelberg.

The predecessor of the current observatory was originally opened in 1774 in the nearby city of Mannheim but degradation of observational conditions there resulted in a relocation to the Königstuhl in 1898.

The Observatory facility have little value for current astronomical research of ZAH; research is done with the Gama Ray H.E.S.S in Namibia and ESO facilities in Chile.

Andreas Quirrenbach is the observatory's director since 2005.
George Bankes
George Bankes (1 December 1787 – 5 July 1856) was the last of the Cursitor Barons of the Exchequer, the office being abolished by the Conservative ministry of the Earl of Derby in 1852.  Without any legal experience at the bar, he was the last barrister to be appointed to the post considered to be a medieval anachronism.

Who? Who? ministry
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby led the "Who? Who?" ministry, a short-lived British Conservative government which was in power for a matter of months in 1852. Lord Derby was Prime Minister and Benjamin Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. It marked the first time the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party had taken office since the Corn Laws schism of 1846. It is also called the First Derby–Disraeli ministry.

Early in 1852 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, by then very deaf, gave Derby's first government its nickname by shouting "Who? Who?" as the list of inexperienced cabinet ministers was read out in the House of Lords.
Natalia Shlyapina
Natalia Shlyapina (née Mokshanova; born 13 July 1983) is a former Russian football forward, who played for Rossiyanka in the Russian Championship. Before signing for Rossiyanka in 2005 she was a mini football and futsal player.

She is a member of the Russian national team.

Russian Women's Football Championship
The Russian Women's Football Championship (Russian: Чемпионат России по футболу среди женщин, romanized: Chempionat Rossii po futbolu sredi zhenshchin), also known as the Top Division and the Women's Football League, is the highest professional  women's football league in Russia.

The Top Division was founded in 1992. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the women's league played two seasons in 1990 and 1991.
Scouting and Guiding in Hungary
The Scout and Guide movement in Hungary is served by

Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts

Magyar Cserkészszövetség, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement

Magyarországi Európai Cserkészek, candidate for membership within the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe

Magyar Öregcserkész Klub, member of the International Scout and Guide Fellowship

Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség
Girl Guides in Hungary are served by the Association of Hungarian Girl Guides (Hungarian: Magyar Cserkészlány Szövetség), with 512 members as of 2003. Founded in 1919, the girls-only organization became a full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928, and an associate member again in 1993. It regained full membership in 2008.
13 Flavours of Doom
13 Flavours Of Doom is the sixth album by Canadian hardcore punk band D.O.A. It was released in 1992 on band member Joe Keithley's own record label, Sudden Death Records, and also in the UK on Alternative Tentacles. In spite of its title, the album actually had fourteen tracks – the last one not being numbered on the CD inlay.

Joe Keithley
Joseph Edward "Joey Shithead" Keithley (né Keighley; June 3, 1956) is a Canadian punk musician who is best known as the lead guitarist and vocalist of the punk band DOA. He was elected a city councillor in Burnaby, British Columbia, in the 2018 municipal elections as a member of the Burnaby Green Party and was re-elected in the 2022. As of 2025, he sits on council as a member of the Burnaby Citizens Association.
Sōta Yamamoto
Sōta Yamamoto (山本 草太, Yamamoto Sōta; born 10 January 2000) is a Japanese figure skater. He is the 2026 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2022–23 Grand Prix Final silver medalist, a three-time ISU Grand Prix medalist (including gold at the 2023 Skate Canada International), a five-time ISU Challenger Series medalist (three gold, two silver), the 2023 World University Games champion, and the 2023–24 Japanese national bronze medalist.

Earlier in his career, he was the 2016 Youth Olympic champion, the 2015 World Junior bronze medalist, a two-time Junior Grand Prix Final medalist (silver in 2014, bronze in 2015), and the 2015–16 Japan junior national champion.

2015–16 Japan Figure Skating Championships
The 2015–16 Japan Figure Skating Championships was held on December 24–27, 2015 at the Makomanai Sekisui Heim Ice Arena in Sapporo. It was the 84th edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Scam
A scam, or a confidence trick, is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their trust. Confidence tricks exploit victims using a combination of the victim's credulity, naivety, compassion, vanity, confidence, irresponsibility, and greed. Researchers have defined confidence tricks as "a distinctive species of fraudulent conduct ... intending to further voluntary exchanges that are not mutually beneficial", as they "benefit con operators at the expense of their victims (the 'marks')".

Naivety
Naivety (also spelled naïvety), naiveness, or naïveté is the state of being naive. It refers to an apparent or actual lack of experience and sophistication, often describing a neglect of pragmatism in favor of moral idealism. A naïve may be called a naïf.
Bloodfist V: Human Target
Bloodfist V: Human Target is a 1994 American action film directed by Jeff Yonis and starring Don Wilson, Denice Duff and Steve James. It was written by Rob Kerchner and Jeff Yonis. James succumbed to pancreatic cancer shortly before the movie's release.

Don Wilson (kickboxer)
Donald Glen Wilson (born September 10, 1954), nicknamed "the Dragon", is an American former professional kickboxer, boxer, actor, and martial artist. An 11-time world champion who scored 47 knockouts in four decades, he has been called by the STAR System Ratings as "perhaps the greatest kickboxer in American history. He has disposed of more quality competition than anyone we've ever ranked". In 2015, he was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame.

Wilson was a fight commentator and interviewer in many of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) events, beginning with UFC 7. As an actor, he is best known for starring in several B movie action films in the 1980s and 1990s, such as the Bloodfist series (from Bloodfist to Bloodfist VIII: Trained to Kill), the Ring of Fire series (from Ring of Fire to Ring of Fire III: Lion Strike), Red Sun Rising (1994), and the Cyber Tracker series (CyberTracker and CyberTracker 2).
Live and Die for Hip Hop
"Live and Die For Hip Hop" is a song by American hip-hop duo Kris Kross, released as the second and final single from their third album, Young, Rich & Dangerous (1996). It is their ninth and final single overall, and features Da Brat, Jermaine Dupri, Mr. Black, and background vocals by R&B singer Aaliyah. The song contains a sample of "Baby Come to Me" by Regina Belle.

Young, Rich & Dangerous
Young, Rich & Dangerous is the third and final studio album by American hip hop duo Kris Kross, released on January 9, 1996, by So So Def Recordings. Produced by both Jermaine Dupri and the duo, the album features the singles "Tonite's tha Night" and "Live and Die for Hip-Hop"; the latter single featured Da Brat, Aaliyah, Jermaine Dupri and Mr. Black. Despite some positive reviews, Young, Rich & Dangerous was the least successful album for Kris Kross. It was certified Gold by the RIAA on March 4, 1996.
Máscara Sagrada Jr.
Hugo Torres Sapp (born September 12, 1973), best known by his ring name Máscara Sagrada Jr., is a Mexican Luchador. He is best known for appearing in the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion. While he portrays a storyline relative of Máscara Sagrada, they are not related.

Máscara Sagrada Jr. has worked under various ring names such as Aguila de Acero, Directo, Emo Extreme, Máscara Jr., Super AAA, and Muerte Roja. He is a former holder of the Mexican National Middleweight Championship and co-holder the Mexican National Atómicos Championship along with Blue Demon Jr., La Parka Jr. and Perro Aguayo Jr.

Mexican National Atómicos Championship
The Mexican National Atómicos Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Nacional Atómicos) was a tag team championship for four-man teams, or Atómicos as they are referred to in Lucha libre. The title is a national championship, controlled by the Mexico City Boxing and Wrestling Commission, which regulates all matches where the title is defended. The championship was created in 1996 and was primarily defended in the Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) promotion. In early 2009, the reigning champions, Chessman and Los Psycho Circus (Killer Clown, Psycho Clown, and Zombie Clown) were stripped of the title and it was subsequently declared inactive.
2019 Newport West by-election
A by-election was held in the UK Parliament constituency of Newport West in south Wales on 4 April 2019, following the death of Labour Party MP (Member of Parliament) Paul Flynn. Labour nominated the trade unionist Ruth Jones, who held the seat for the party with 40% of the vote and a reduced majority. The Conservative candidate Matthew Evans came second with 31% of the vote, followed by Neil Hamilton, the UKIP candidate, on 8%. This was the third parliamentary by-election held during the 57th UK Parliament, which was elected at the 2017 general election.

Welsh Conservatives
The Welsh Conservative Party (Welsh: Plaid Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), commonly the Welsh Conservatives (Welsh: Ceidwadwyr Cymreig), is the branch of the United Kingdom Conservative Party that operates in Wales. At Westminster elections and as of 1999, it was the second-most popular political party in Wales by vote share, having obtained the second-largest share of the vote at every general election since 1931. In Senedd elections, the Conservatives are currently the second-most supported party but have at times been third. Presently, they hold 13 of the 60 seats in the Senedd and none of the 32 Welsh seats in the House of Commons.
Redemptive violence
Redemptive violence  is defined as a belief that "violence is a useful mechanism for control and order", or, alternately, a belief in "using violence to rid and save the world from evil". The French Revolution involved violence that was depicted as redemptive by revolutionaries, and decolonization theorist Frantz Fanon was an advocate of redemptive violence. Pacifism rejects the idea that violence can be redemptive.

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Penrod and His Twin Brother
Penrod and His Twin Brother is a 1938 American comedy film directed by William C. McGann and written by William Jacobs and Hugh Cummings. The film stars Billy Mauch, Bobby Mauch, Frank Craven, Spring Byington, Charles Halton and Claudia Coleman. The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on February 26, 1938.

Billy and Bobby Mauch
William John Mauch (July 6, 1921 – September 29, 2006) and his identical twin brother, Robert Joseph Mauch (July 6, 1921 – October 15, 2007), were child actors in the 1930s. They had starring roles in the 1937 film The Prince and the Pauper, based on the 1881 novel of the same name by Mark Twain.
Mickaël Rouch
Mickaël Rouch is a French rugby league footballer who represented France national rugby league team in the 2017 World Cup.

Rouch began his career at Limoux Grizzlies, having a spell with Saint-Esteve XIII Catalan before returning to Limoux. He was selected as part of the France squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup and made his French debut against Australia on 3 November 2017.

2017 Rugby League World Cup
The 2017 Rugby League World Cup was the fifteenth staging of the Rugby League World Cup tournament and took place in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea between 27 October and 2 December 2017. The tournament featured the national teams of 14 Rugby League International Federation member countries who qualified through either standing in the previous tournament or a series of qualification play-off matches. In the final, defending champions Australia, playing in their 14th consecutive World Cup final, faced England at Brisbane's Lang Park, the home side keeping the British scoreless with the Kangaroos winning 6 - 0.
Joachim Hansen (fighter)
Joachim B. Hansen (born 26 May 1979) is a retired Norwegian mixed martial artist. He began his career fighting for FinnFight before moving on to fight for Shooto where he became the first Scandinavian person to hold an MMA world title after winning the Shooto World Lightweight Championship in 2003 from Takanori Gomi. Hansen later fought for the Pride Fighting Championship and most recently Dream where he became the Dream Lightweight Champion.

Dream (mixed martial arts)
Dream (styled DREAM in capitals) was a Japanese mixed martial arts (MMA) organization promoted by former PRIDE FC executives and K-1 promoter Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG).

Dream replaced FEG's previous-run mixed martial arts fight series, Hero's. It retained many of the stylistic flourishes and personnel from Pride FC broadcasts, including fight introducer Lenne Hardt.

They promoted over 20 shows highlighting Japanese and international talent, establishing or enhancing the careers of fighters such as Shinya Aoki, Gesias Cavalcante, Tatsuya Kawajiri, Ronaldo Jacaré, Eddie Alvarez, Jason Miller, Kazushi Sakuraba, Gegard Mousasi and Alistair Overeem.

Dream became defunct as FEG went bankupt in 2012, ending with a final New Year's Eve event later that year. In 2015, most of the old personnel from both Pride FC and Dream founded Rizin Fighting Federation as a successor.
Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.

Pollen tube
A pollen tube is a tubular structure produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it germinates. Pollen tube elongation is an integral stage in the plant life cycle. The pollen tube acts as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain—either from the stigma (in flowering plants) to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms. In maize, this single cell can grow longer than 12 inches (30 cm) to traverse the length of the pistil.

Pollen tubes were first discovered by Giovanni Battista Amici in the 19th century.

They are used as a model for understanding plant cell behavior. Research is ongoing to comprehend how the pollen tube responds to extracellular guidance signals to achieve fertilization.

Pollen tubes are unique to seed plants and their structures have evolved over their history since the Carboniferous period. Pollen tube formation is complex and the mechanism is not fully understood.
1931 Valentine earthquake
In the early morning hours of August 16, 1931, a powerful earthquake occurred in West Texas with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). Estimates of its magnitude range between 5.8 and 6.4 mb, making it the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Texas history. Its epicenter was near the town of Valentine, Texas; there, the earthquake caused damage to many homes and buildings. The earthquake may have been caused by movement along oblique-slip faulting in West Texas, the most seismically active region in the state. Shaking from the earthquake was perceptible within a 400 mi (640 km) radius of the epicenter, affecting four U.S. states and northern Mexico. Several foreshocks and aftershocks accompanied the primary temblor, with the aftershocks continuing until at least November 3, 1931. The main earthquake caused no fatalities, though several people sustained minor injuries; the damage in Valentine amounted to $50,000–$75,000 ($962,195–$1,443,293 today).

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
Conflent
Conflent (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃flɑ̃]; Catalan pronunciation: [kumˈflen]) is a historical Catalan comarca of Northern Catalonia, now part of the French  department of Pyrénées-Orientales. In the Middle Ages it comprised the County of Conflent.

The capital of this pays is Prades (Catalan: Prada de Conflent), and it borders the pays of Capcir, Rosselló, Vallespir, Alta Cerdanya and Ripollès, and the Occitan-speaking pays of Fenolleda.
It roughly corresponds to the Têt River (Catalan: Tet) and its neighbourhoods between Rodès and Mont-Louis (Catalan: Montlluís). Conflent is dominated by the Canigou (Catalan: Canigó) mountain.

The town of Prades, in the Têt valley, seen from the south-west.

The village of Fillols (Conflent), lying at the foot of Canigou mountain.

Marble, schist and granite are among the predominant formations in the surface geology of Conflent. Near the centre of Prades, there is this elegant wall built with stones from these formations.

Têt (river)
The Têt (French: [tɛt] ⓘ; Catalan: Tet [ˈtɛt]) is the largest river in Pyrénées-Orientales, southwestern France. It is 115 kilometres (71 mi) long. The Têt has  its source at the foot of the Puig de la Cometa de l'Espagne in the Carlit massif in the eastern Pyrenees. It crosses the Pyrénées-Orientales département (Northern Catalonia) from West to East and ends in the Mediterranean Sea, near Perpignan (Catalan: Perpinyà).

A staircase of fluvial terraces of the Têt along the length of the valley has been studied in detail.