hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Psammophyte
A psammophyte is a plant that grows in sandy and often unstable soils. Psammophytes are commonly found growing on beaches, deserts, and sand dunes. Because they thrive in these challenging or inhospitable habitats, psammophytes are considered extremophiles, and are further classified as a type of psammophile.

Extremophile
An extremophile (from Latin  extremus 'extreme' and Ancient Greek  φιλία (philía) 'love') is an organism that is able to live (or in some cases thrive) in extreme environments, i.e., environments with conditions approaching or stretching the limits of what known life can adapt to, such as extreme temperature, pressure, radiation, salinity, or pH level.

Since the definition of an extreme environment is relative to an arbitrarily defined standard, often an anthropocentric one, these organisms can be considered ecologically dominant in the evolutionary history of the planet. Extremophiles have continued to thrive in the most extreme conditions, making them one of the most abundant lifeforms. The study of extremophiles has expanded human knowledge of the limits of life, and informs speculation about extraterrestrial life. Extremophiles are also of interest because of their potential for bioremediation of environments made hazardous to humans due to pollution or contamination.
Badarganj Upazila
Badarganj (Bengali: বদরগঞ্জ) is an Upazila of Rangpur District in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh.

Badarganj is named after the mystic-saint Hazrat Badaruddin Shah. His tomb is situated in the middle of the town. After the conquests of Bengal, Turki Commander Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji stopped over at a field at Mansinghapur, Madai Khamar during his invasion of Tibet in 1203 AD to feed his horses. After that event, the field was named 'Bakhtiyar Danga'.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Veronika Erjavec
Veronika Erjavec (born 30 December 1999) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. She has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 98, achieved on 27 October 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 101, achieved on 15 September 2025. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Slovenia.

Erjavec has won one WTA Tour title in doubles at the 2025 Iași Open, with Panna Udvardy. She also earned four WTA Challenger doubles titles.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
2006 Winter Paralympics medal table
The 2006 Winter Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 2006 Winter Paralympics, held in Turin, Italy, from March 10 to March 19, 2006.

National Paralympic Committee
A National Paralympic Committee (NPC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Paralympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), NPCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Paralympic Games.
Trevor Huddleston
Ernest Urban Trevor Huddleston CR KCMG (15 June 1913 – 20 April 1998) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Bishop of Stepney in London before becoming the second Archbishop of the Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean. He was best known for his anti-apartheid activism and his book Naught for Your Comfort.

Bishop of Stepney
The Bishop of Stepney is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of London, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name after Stepney, an inner-city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The See is vacant since Joanne Grenfell's translation to St Edmundsbury and Ipswich on 5 September 2025.

The first bishop was appointed to take responsibility for North and East London, which had been under the care of the Bishop of Bedford; the new See was erected because the retiring bishop Robert Billing retained the See of Bedford, and Stepney was a more obvious See for the suffragan for the East End. In 1898, the new Bishop of Islington received responsibility for North London. In the experimental area scheme of 1970, the bishop was given oversight of the deaneries of Tower Hamlets, Hackney, and Islington. The Bishops suffragan of Stepney have been area bishops since the London area scheme was founded in 1979.
Vivek Ram Chaudhari
Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, PVSM AVSM VM ADC is a retired four-star air officer of the Indian Air Force who served as the Chief of the Air Staff. He took over as the 27th Chief of Air Staff succeeding Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria on 30 September 2021. He previously served as the 45th Vice Chief of the Air Staff. He earlier served as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Western Air Command and as the Deputy Chief of Air Staff.

Vayu Sena Medal
The Vayu Sena Medal (lit. 'Air Force Medal') is a military decoration, usually awarded in peacetime for a job well done in the Indian Air Force. However, it has been granted during times of conflict for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, though not in the same numbers as the Vir Chakra.

Posthumous awards may be made and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Vayu Sena Medal.

The VM was established on 17 June 1960 by the President of India and awards have been made from 1961 onwards. Awards over the past decade or more have been classified into two categories. One is Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) and the other for Vayu Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty).
Bijan and Manijeh
Bijan and Manijeh (also Bizhan and Manizheh, Persian: بيژن و منيژه, romanized: Bēžan-ō Manīža) is a love story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Bijan was the son of Giv, a famous Iranian knight during the reign of Kay Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, and Banu Goshasp, the heroine daughter of Rostam. Bijan falls in love with Manijeh, the daughter of Afrasiab, the king of Turan and the greatest enemy of Iran. The tale of his suffering and Manijeh’s constancy has been quoted by several others.

Afrasiab
In Iranian legend, Afrasiab (Persian: افراسياب afrāsiyāb;  Middle Persian: Frāsiyāv, Frāsiyāk), also known as Fraŋrasyan, is the king and hero of Turan in Iranian national history. He is the main antagonist of the Iranians in the Persian epic Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi.
2011–12 in Spanish football
The 2011–12 season was the 108th season of competitive football in Spain.

The season began on 3 August 2011 for the Copa Federación, 19 August for Tercera División, 20 August for Segunda División B, 26 August for Segunda División, 27 August for La Liga and 31 August 2011 for the Copa del Rey. Both La Liga and Segunda División had a delayed start after the Association of Spanish Footballers (AFE) called a strike. The season ended on 13 May 2012 for La Liga, 17 June 2012 for Segunda División and 24 June for Segunda División B and Tercera División.

2011–12 La Liga
The 2011–12 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st season of the top level Spanish association football competition. The campaign began on 27 August 2011, and concluded on 13 May 2012. Real Madrid won a record 32nd title following victory over Athletic Bilbao on 2 May 2012.

Real Madrid broke a number of league records, including most points in a single season (100), most goals scored (121), best goal difference (+89), most away wins (16), and most overall wins (32). This season also saw Lionel Messi score a record 50 league goals in 37 games. Behind Messi was Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo, who scored 46 goals; the pair's combined tally of 96 goals was the most ever by two players playing in the same major European league in the same season.
John Schwada (journalist)
John Schwada is an American political-government and investigative reporter.  After he won the Los Angeles Press Club's Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001, the Los Angeles City Council declared August 12, 2011 as John Schwada Day in the City of Los Angeles, although in July 2011, Schwada's contract with KTTV expired and was not renewed.

Los Angeles Press Club
The Los Angeles Press Club is an American journalism organization founded in 1913. It honors journalists through its annual National Arts & Entertainment Journalism Awards and SoCal Journalism Awards. As of 2023, the Los Angeles Press Club hosted the 65th SoCal Journalism Awards and the 16th National Arts & Entertainment Journalism Awards in downtown Los Angeles.

In 2024, the Board of Directors includes the organization's president – Robert Kovacik of KNBC, vice president – Cher Calvin of KTLA, and treasurer Chris Palmeri of Bloomberg. The executive director is Swedish-born journalist Diana Ljungaeus.
Daniel Baldy
Daniel Baldy (born 25 September 1994 in Bingen am Rhein) is a German teacher and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been a Member of the German Bundestag for Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate since 2021.

Mainz (electoral district)
Mainz is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 204. It is located in eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, comprising the city of Mainz and the northern part of the Mainz-Bingen district.

Mainz was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Whilst the Christian Democratic Union won the plurality in the 2025 election, under the new voting system, their candidate did not actually win a seat in the Bundestag. This was due to the distribution of seats won by the CDU being decided by the first (direct) vote percentage of each winning CDU candidate, determining who took the seats. As the CDU candidate got a low vote of 27.3%, the seat will remain vacant throughout the 21st Bundestag.
Sarkata Insaan
Sarkata Insaan (Urdu: سر کٹا انسان,  transl. Beheaded man) is a 1994 Pakistani science fiction horror action drama film directed, produced and visual effects created by Saeed Rizvi.

The film stars Babra Sharif, Ghulam Mohiuddin and Qavi Khan in lead roles.

Babra Sharif
Babra Sharif (Urdu: بابرہ شرِیف; born 10 December 1954) is a Pakistani film actress, best known for her acting roles from the mid-1970s to the 1990s. She is one of the most popular actress of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as well a leading actress in urdu films.

She started her career in television commercials in 1973. She has worked with many famous names of her time, including Shahid, Nadeem, Asif Khan, Waheed Murad, Ghulam Mohyedin, Faisal Rehman, Muhammad Ali and even Sultan Rahi. She had great success in Urdu films in Pakistan. She was also known as Audrey Hepburn of Pakistan and Marilyn Monroe of Pakistan due to her fashion styles roles and romantic comedy roles in films.

She did a variety of roles which proved her versatility as an actress. Some critics have also considered her among the best actresses of her time in Pakistan.

She has worked in more than 150 movies.
The Lamentation of Cloris
The Lamentation of Cloris or "The Lamentation of Cloris, For the Unkindness of her Shepherd" is a broadside ballad, which dates from, by estimation of the English Short Title Catalogue, 1678-1680. The ballad begins, "MY Shepherd's unkind,/ alas, what shall I do?."  Copies of the ballad can be found at the National Library of Scotland, the British Library, the Pepys Library at Magdalene College, and the University of Glasgow Library. Alternatively, online facsimiles of the ballad are available for public consumption. The nucleus of the ballad centers around a cuckolding and the justification for marital infidelity.

Cuckold
A cuckold is the husband of an adulterous wife; the wife of an adulterous husband is a cuckquean. In biology, a cuckold is a male who unwittingly invests parental effort in juveniles who are not genetically his offspring. A husband who is aware of and tolerates his wife's infidelity is sometimes called a wittol or wittold. The slang term bull refers to the dominant man who has relations with the cuckold's partner.
Bison schoetensacki
Bison schoetensacki, commonly as the Pleistocene woodland bison or Pleistocene wood bison, was a species of bison that lived from the Early Pleistocene to at least the early Middle Pleistocene from western Europe to southern Siberia. Its presence in the Late Pleistocene is debated.

Steppe bison
The steppe bison (Bison priscus, also less commonly known as the steppe wisent, the Asian bison and the primeval bison) is an extinct species of bison which lived from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. During the Late Pleistocene, it was widely distributed across the mammoth steppe, ranging from Western Europe to eastern Beringia in North America.

It is ancestral to all North American species of bison, including the modern American bison (Bison bison). Three chronological and regional subspecies, B. p. priscus, B. p. mediator, B. p. gigas, and B. p. alaskensis have been suggested.
Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln
Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln (23 February 1913 – 7 July 2001) was an aristocratic Australian engineer, who succeeded to his family's earldom of Lincoln (cr. 1572) by primogeniture upon the death in 1988 of his 10th cousin, the last Duke of Newcastle.

Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through their father's lineage. It generally involves the inheritance of property, rights, names, or titles by persons related through male kin. This is distinguished from cognate kinship which is through any combination of lineages, and from matrilineality which is through the mother's lineage, also called the spindle side, the distaff side or enatic kinship.

A patriline ("father line") is a person's father, and additional ancestors, as traced only through males.
Eros Djarot
Erros Djarot (born 22 July 1950) is an Indonesian songwriter, director and politician of Bantenese descent. Beginning his music career with the soundtrack of Kawin Lari in 1976, Djarot became famous with the success of Badai Pasti Berlalu and its soundtrack album. In 1988, he directed Tjoet Nja' Dhien which received nine Citra Awards and was Indonesia's submission to the 62nd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In the late 1990s, Djarot entered politics, later forming the Bung Karno National Party in 2002.

Indonesian Film Festival
The Indonesian Film Festival (Indonesian: Festival Film Indonesia, 'FFI') is an annual awards ceremony organised by the Indonesian Film Board and the Ministry of Culture to celebrate cinematic achievements in the Indonesian film industry. During the festival, the Citra Awards winners are announced and the best Indonesian films of the year are presented.

The awards ceremony was first held in 1955 as the Pekan Apresiasi Film Nasional (National Film Appreciation Week). It changed to Festival Film Indonesia in 1973. In 1986, the festival included awards for television movies called Vidia Awards.
Dave Schrage
Dave Schrage is an American baseball coach and former outfielder. He played college baseball at Creighton University for head coach Dave Underwood from 1980 to 1983. He then served as the head coach of the Waldorf Warriors (1988–1990), Northern Iowa Panthers (1991–1999), Northern Illinois Huskies (2000–2002), Evansville Purple Aces (2003–2006), Notre Dame Fighting Irish (2007–2010) South Dakota State Jackrabbits (2012–2016) and the Butler Bulldogs (2017–2022).

Northern Iowa Panthers
The Northern Iowa Panthers are the athletic teams of the University of Northern Iowa. The university is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference and competes in NCAA Division I (Division I FCS in football).
John McLeay Sr.
Sir John McLeay, KCMG, MM (19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966, representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term, from 1956 to 1966. McLeay was a businessman by profession, and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley (1935–1937), as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly (1938–1941), and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide (1946–1950).

Military Medal
The Military Medal (MM) was a military decoration awarded to personnel of the British Army and other arms of the armed forces, and to personnel of other Commonwealth countries, below commissioned rank, for bravery in battle on land. The award was established in 1916, with retrospective application to 1914, and was awarded to other ranks for "acts of gallantry and devotion to duty under fire". The award was discontinued in 1993, when it was replaced by the Military Cross, which was extended to all ranks, while other Commonwealth nations instituted their own award systems in the post war period.
Crofelemer
Crofelemer (USAN, trade name Mytesi) is an antidiarrheal indicated for the symptomatic relief of non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy. Other possible uses include diarrhea in children, acute infectious diarrhea, and diarrhea in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. It is a purified oligomeric proanthocyanidin from "dragon's blood", the sap of the South American tree Croton lechleri.

Crofelemer treats the symptoms of disease, but it is not used to treat infectious diarrhea (diarrhea caused by infection of the digestive system by a bacterium, virus or parasite).
It was initially developed by Napo Pharmaceuticals, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Jaguar Health, Inc. A Phase III clinical trial for diarrhea in HIV patients was completed in 2012, and the drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 31 December 2012.

Proanthocyanidin
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds.  Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters. More complex polyphenols, having the same polymeric building block, form the group of condensed tannins.

Proanthocyanidins were discovered in 1947 by Jacques Masquelier, who developed and patented techniques for the extraction of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from pine bark and grape seeds. Proanthocyanidins are under preliminary research for the potential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by consuming cranberries, grape seeds or red wine.
Salzburg Protestants
The Salzburg Protestants (German: Salzburger Exulanten) were Protestant refugees who had lived in the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg until the 18th century. In a series of persecutions ending in 1731, over 20,000 Protestants were expelled from their homeland by the Prince-Archbishops. Their expulsion from Salzburg triggered protests from the Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire and criticism across the rest of the Protestant world, and the King in Prussia offered to resettle them in his territory. The majority of the Salzburg Protestants accepted the Prussian offer and traveled the length of Germany to reach their new homes in Prussian Lithuania. The rest scattered to other Protestant states in Europe and the British colonies in America.

Prince-bishop
A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty, as opposed to Prince of the Church itself, a title associated with cardinals. Since 1951, the sole extant prince-bishop has been the Bishop of Urgell, Catalonia, who has remained ex officio one of two co-princes of Andorra, along with the French president.
Laysters
Laysters is a civil parish in north-east Herefordshire, England, and approximately 15 miles (20 km) north-northeast from the city and county town of Hereford. The nearest towns are the market towns of Leominster 4.5 miles (7 km) to the south-west, and Tenbury Wells in Worcestershire, 3.5 miles (6 km) miles to the north-east. Within Letton is the Grade 1 listed Church of St Andrew. The parish was alternatively spelt 'Leysters', the ecclesiastic spelling.

Tenbury Wells
Tenbury Wells (locally Tenbury) is a small market town and civil parish in the north-western extremity of the Malvern Hills District of Worcestershire, England. Situated 6 miles southeast of Ludlow, its northern border adjoins Shropshire and, at the 2021 census jointly with Burford, it had a population of 5,224.

The town has become subject in the 2020s to almost annual very severe flooding.
High-speed rail in the Netherlands
High-speed rail service in the Netherlands started in 2009 with the opening of the dedicated HSL-Zuid, which connects the Randstad via Brussels to the rest of the European high-speed rail network. In later years improved traditional rail sections were added to the high-speed network. Proposals for more dedicated high-speed lines were deemed too costly; plans for the HSL-Oost to Germany were mothballed and instead of the Zuiderzeelijn the less ambitious Hanzelijn was built to enable future high-speed service between the northern provinces and the Randstad.

As of 2025, four high-speed train services are operative in the Netherlands: Intercity Express (ICE), Eurostar, the Eurocity Direct and the domestic Intercity Direct which replaced the short-lived Fyra service was cancelled in 2013 after severe reliability issues.

Eurostar
Eurostar is an international high-speed rail service in Western Europe, connecting Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom through the Channel Tunnel.

The service is operated by the Eurostar Group which was formed from the merger of Eurostar, which operated trains through the Channel Tunnel to the United Kingdom, and Thalys which operated entirely within continental Europe.

Eurostar has transported over 400 million passengers since services began in 1994, including a record 20 million passengers in 2025. The operator is exploring future network expansions and aims to double passenger numbers between 2022 and 2030.