hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
French Chad
Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Middle Africa, known from 1910 under the name of French Equatorial Africa. Chad passed in 1920 to French civilian administration, but suffered from chronic neglect.

Chad distinguished itself in 1940 for being, under the governorship of Félix Éboué, the first French colony to rally by the side of Free France. After World War II, the French permitted a limited amount of representation of the African population, ushering in a political clash between the progressive and southern-based Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) and the Islamic conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). It was eventually the PPT which emerged victorious and brought the country to independence in 1960 under the leadership of François Tombalbaye.

Ubangi-Shari
7°N 20°E﻿ / ﻿7°N 20°E﻿ / 7; 20

Ubangi-Shari (French: Oubangui-Chari) was a French colony in central Africa, a part of French Equatorial Africa. It was named after the Ubangi and Chari rivers along which it was colonised.

Established on 29 December 1903 from the Upper Ubangi (Haut-Oubangui) and Upper Shari (Haut-Chari) territories of the French Congo, it was renamed the Central African Republic (CAR) on 1 December 1958, and gained independence on 13 August 1960.
Bil Clemons
William "Bil" Clemons, Jr. is an American structural biologist and Professor of Biochemistry at Caltech. He is best known for his work solving the atomic structure of the ribosome with dissertation advisor, Nobel Prize winner in chemistry Venki Ramakrishnan. He is also known for his work on the structure and function of proteins involved in membrane translocation and docking of proteins, including the membrane protein translocation channel SecY, chaperones involved in the targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins in the Get pathway, and signal recognition proteins of the Twin-arginine translocation pathway. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.

Venki Ramakrishnan
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan  (born 1952) is a British-American structural biologist. He shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for research on the structure and function of ribosomes.

Since 1999, he has worked as a group leader at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UK and is a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He served as  President of the Royal Society from 2015 to 2020.
Android Apocalypse
Android Apocalypse (also known as Facing Extinction) is a 2006 science fiction film starring Scott Bairstow and Joseph Lawrence. The film was written by Karl Schiffman and directed by Paul Ziller for Sci Fi Channel as a television film. It is set on a post-apocalyptic Earth that is ruled by androids, and explores the relationship between a human, Jute (Bairstow), and an android, DeeCee (Lawrence) who is beginning to develop emotions.

Android (robot)
An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in the domain of science fiction and were frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology have allowed the creation of similar robots in real life.
Retrotransposon marker
Retrotransposon markers are components of DNA which are used as cladistic markers. They assist in determining the common ancestry, or not, of related taxa. The "presence" of a given retrotransposon in related taxa suggests their orthologous integration, a derived condition acquired via a common ancestry, while the "absence" of particular elements indicates the plesiomorphic condition prior to integration in more distant taxa. The use of presence/absence analyses to reconstruct the systematic biology of mammals depends on the availability of retrotransposons that were actively integrating before the divergence of a particular species.

Ancestor
In genealogy and evolutionary biology, an ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth). Ancestor is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an estate has been inherited."
Outline of the United States Virgin Islands
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United States Virgin Islands:

United States Virgin Islands – unincorporated organized territory of the United States of America located in the western portion of the Virgin Islands Archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.  The Virgin Islands are part of the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles.  The British Virgin Islands comprises the eastern portion of the archipelago.

The U.S. Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Saint Croix, Saint John and Saint Thomas, along with the much smaller but historically distinct Water Island, and many other surrounding minor islands. The total land area of the territory is 346.36 km2 (133.73 sq mi). As of the 2000 census the population was 108,612.

Three of the main islands have nicknames often used by locals: "Rock City" (St. Thomas), "Love City" (St. John), and "Twin City" (St. Croix).

Saint Croix
Saint Croix (/krɔɪ/ KROY; Spanish: Santa Cruz; Dutch: Sint-Kruis; French: Sainte-Croix; Danish and Norwegian: Sankt Croix; Taino: Ay Ay) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004. The island's highest point is Mount Eagle, at 355 meters (1,165 ft). St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the northeast part of the island.
WJAL
WJAL (channel 68) is a television station licensed to Silver Spring, Maryland, United States, serving the Washington, D.C., area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Altavision. Owned by Entravision Communications, it is sister to Washington-licensed WMDO-CD (channel 47). WJAL shares transmitter facilities with CBS affiliate WUSA (channel 9) on Wisconsin Avenue in the Tenleytown section of northwest Washington.

Entravision Communications
Entravision Communications Corporation is an American media company based in Santa Monica, California. Entravision primarily caters to the Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino community and owns television and radio stations and outdoor media, in several of the top Hispanic and Latino markets. It is the largest affiliate group of the Univision and UniMás television networks. Entravision also owns a small number of English-language television and radio stations.
Charles Forson
Charles Forson (born 12 April 1974) is a Ghanaian politician and business executive. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and currently serves as the Member of Parliament for the Tema Central Constituency in the Parliament of Ghana.

Tema Central (Ghana parliament constituency)
Tema Central is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Tema Central constituency is located in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Charles Forson is a member of parliament for the constituency. He was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and won a majority of 28,334 votes to become the MP.
Jonathan Zawada
Jonathan Zawada (born 1981) is an Australian multidisciplinary artist, designer and music-video director whose work spans painting, digital image-making, installation and product design.
He gained prominence creating record-sleeve artwork, winning ARIA Awards for The Presets' Apocalypso and Flume's Skin, and has held exhibits internationally.
Zawada designed the 2018 Metamathemagical projection for the Sydney Opera House sails and created the artwork, music videos, and an accompanying film for Mark Pritchard and Thom Yorke's album Tall Tales (2025).

ARIA Award for Best Cover Art
The ARIA Music Award for Best Cover Art, is an award presented within the Artisan Awards at the annual ARIA Music Awards. The ARIA Awards recognise "the many achievements of Aussie artists across all music genres", and have been given by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) since 1987.

The award is given to the designer who is from, or resides in Australia, and has overall responsibility for the album covers' design concept. The graphics that appear on the cover must be an original work that was designed in Australia. The accolade is restricted to album recordings that have met the general eligibility criteria (however, in 2000 and 2012 single covers were included in the final nominations list). Best Cover Art is voted for by a judging academy, which consists of 1000 members from different areas of the music industry.
Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée
Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée (called Lagrenée l'aîné, Lagrenée the elder) (30 December 1724 – 19 June 1805) was a French rococo painter and student of Carle van Loo.  He won the Grand Prix de Rome for painting in 1749 and was elected a member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1755.  His younger brother Jean-Jacques Lagrenée (called Lagrenée le jeune, Lagrenée the younger) was also a painter.

Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture
The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (French: [akademi ʁwajal də pɛ̃tyʁ e də skyltyʁ]; English: "Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture") was founded in 1648 in Paris, France. It was the premier art institution of France during the latter part of the Ancien Régime until it was abolished in 1793 during the French Revolution. It included most of the important painters and sculptors, maintained almost total control of teaching and exhibitions, and afforded its members preference in royal commissions.
Stanisław Słomowski
Stanisław Słomowski (died 22 September 1575 in Lwów) was a Polish Bishop and Cardinal of Roman Catholic Church.

Born into the Abdank noble family he was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, doctor of Laws, Canon of Poznań and Gniezno, Auxiliary Bishop of Krakow and Archbishop of Lviv.

He was the son of a very wealthy nobleman, Wincenty Słomowski and relative of Bishop Piotr Tomicki. He studied at the Academy of Cracow, and in Italy. From 1529 Canon of Gniezno and Poznań, and Kielce. In 1554 was appointed vicar general and oficjałem of Kraków and then on 14 February 1560 was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Kraków and titular bishop of Laodicea in Phrygia.

In 1565 King Sigismund Augustus and Pope Pius IV, made him Archbishop of Lwów. He died on 22 September 1575 in Lwów.

Archbishop of Kraków
The archbishop of Kraków is the head of the archdiocese of Kraków. A bishop of Kraków first came into existence when the diocese was created in 1000; it was promoted to an archdiocese on 28 October 1925. Due to Kraków's role as Poland's political, cultural and spiritual center, the bishops and archbishops of Kraków were often very influential in the city, country and abroad. From 1443 to 1791, bishops of Kraków were simultaneously Dukes of Siewierz, although it was only Adam Stefan Sapieha who officially abandoned the title.
Belet Nagar
Belet Nagar ("Lady of Nagar") was the tutelary goddess of the ancient Syrian city Nagar (Tell Brak). She was also worshiped by the Hurrians and in Mesopotamia. She was connected with kingship, but much about her role in the religions of the ancient Near East remains uncertain.

Hurrians
The Hurrians (/ˈhʊəriənz/; Hurrian: 𒄷𒌨𒊑, romanized: Ḫu-ur-ri; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri) were a people who inhabited the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age. They spoke the Hurrian language, and lived throughout northern Syria, upper Mesopotamia and southeastern Anatolia.

The Hurrians were first documented in the city of Urkesh, where they built their first kingdom. The largest and most influential Hurrian kingdom was Mitanni. The population of the Hittite Empire in Anatolia included a large population of Hurrians, and there is significant Hurrian influence in Hittite mythology. By the Early Iron Age, the Hurrians had been assimilated with other peoples. The state of Urartu later covered some of the same area. A related people to the Hurrians are the Urarteans.
Tartus District
Tartus District (Arabic: منطقة طرطوس, romanized: manṭiqat Ṭarṭūs) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Tartus. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 283,571.

Tartus
Tartus (Arabic: طَرْطُوس / ALA-LC: Ṭarṭūs; officially known as Tartous and also historically known in the County of Tripoli as Tortosa) is a major port city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria. It is the second largest port city in Syria (after Latakia), and the largest city in Tartus Governorate. Tartus was under the governance of Latakia Governorate until the 1970s, when it became a separate governorate. The population is 458,327 (2023 estimate). In the summer it is a vacation spot for many Syrians.
Burundi–Rwanda relations
Relations between Burundi and Rwanda have existed for at least as long as the states themselves. Before contact with Europeans, Rwanda and Burundi were kingdoms (primarily inhabited by Hutu, Tutsi and Twa) competing to gain control over nearby territory. In the 1880s, the two kingdoms were placed under colonial authority, first by Germany, and then by Belgium after 1919.

Since regaining their independence in the 1960s, the crises and political developments of both nations have had profound impacts on each other. Bilateral relations between Burundi and Rwanda have ranged from being very friendly to very hostile, and are regularly shaped by the relations between Hutu and Tutsi in general.

German East Africa
German East Africa (GEA; German: Deutsch-Ostafrika DOA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique. GEA's area was 994,996 km2 (384,170 sq mi), which is nearly three times the area of present-day Germany and almost double the area of metropolitan Germany at the time.

The colony was organised when the German military was asked in the late 1880s to put down a revolt against the activities of the German East Africa Company. It ended with Imperial Germany's defeat in World War I. Ultimately the territory was divided amongst Britain, Belgium and Portugal, and was reorganised as a mandate of the League of Nations.
Malorossian Cossacks
The Malorossian Cossacks (Ukrainian: Малоросійські козаки, Russian: Малороссийские казаки, lit. 'Little Russian Cossacks') were hostless Cossacks who lived primarily in the Chernigov and Poltava governorates of the Russian Empire from 1782 to 1917, following the liquidation of the Hetmanate's administrative system in Left-bank Ukraine.

Cossack host
A Cossack host, sometimes translated as Cossack army, was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in the Russian Empire. Earlier the term voysko (host, in a sense as a doublet of guest) referred to Cossack organizations in their historical territories, most notable being the Zaporozhian Host of Zaporozhian Cossacks.
Gil Green (communist)
Gil Green (September 24, 1906 – May 4, 1997) was a leading figure in the Communist Party of the United States of America until 1991. He is best remembered as the leader of the party's youth section, the Young Communist League, during the tumultuous decade of the 1930s.

Young Communist League USA
The Young Communist League USA (YCLUSA) is a communist youth organization in the United States and the youth wing of the Communist Party USA. The stated aim of the League is the development of its members into Communists, through studying socialism and through active participation in the struggles of the American working class. Although the name of the group changed a number of times during its existence, its origins trace back to 1920, shortly after the establishment of the first communist parties in the United States.

On November 14, 2015, the CPUSA's National Committee voted to suspend funding to the Young Communist League and the organization was subsequently dissolved.

In 2019, at the 31st party convention, the organization was re-established.
Raphael Assibey-Mensah
Raphael Assibey-Mensah (born 31 August 1999) is a German professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Regionalliga Nordost club Rot-Weiß Erfurt.

Assibey-Mensah is a product of the Mainz 05 academy. Following two seasons as a professional with Brentford B in England, he returned to his native Germany. Since 2018, Assibey-Mensah has played lower-league football for TSV Schott Mainz, SC Freiburg II, FSV Zwickau, 1. FC Bocholt and Rot-Weiß Erfurt.

Brentford F.C. Reserves and Academy
Brentford F.C. Reserves was the reserve team of Brentford. The reserve team played at varying times from 1900 until 2011. During the 2012 off-season, the English reserve football pyramid and youth system was overhauled under the Elite Player Performance Plan and replaced with a new Academy system and development leagues. Brentford's reserve team was relaunched as the Brentford Development Squad in 2011 and in 2012 it began competing in Professional Development League 2 South. After closing the academy in May 2016, the club withdrew from the Elite Player Performance Plan and Professional Development League and launched a new Brentford B team. Following the first team's promotion to the Premier League in 2021, the club reopened its academy in time for the start of the 2022–23 season, under the Elite Player Performance Plan, while retaining the B team.
Ashram Chowk
Ashram Chowk is a crossways located on the southeastern corner of the Delhi Ring Road. It is at the intersection of the Ring Road and Mathura Road from the ITO crossing, the Supreme Court, Pragati Maidan, Purana Quila, Nizamuddin Dargah and the Haryana border at Faridabad.

Purana Qila
Purana Qila (lit. 'Old Fort') is one of the oldest forts in Delhi, India. It was built by the second Mughal Emperor Humayun and Surid Sultan Sher Shah Suri. The fort forms the inner citadel of the city of Dinpanah. It is located near the expansive Pragati Maidan exhibition ground and is separated from Dhyanchand Stadium by Mathura Road, Delhi.
Clube Esportivo Bento Gonçalves
Clube Esportivo Bento Gonçalves, commonly referred to as Esportivo, is a Brazilian football club based in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul. It currently plays in Campeonato Gaúcho Série A2, the second level of the Rio Grande do Sul state football league.

Campeonato Gaúcho Série A2
The Campeonato Gaúcho Série A2 (Gaucho Championship Series A2) is the second tier of the professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is run by the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation (FGF).
Campbell Park
Campbell Park is the name of the central park for Milton Keynes (England) and an electoral ward of the civil parish of Central Milton Keynes. (The nearby civil parish called Campbell Park previously included the park but no longer does so. It did not change its name after the park district was transferred to CMK Town Council).

The park is listed (grade 2) "due to its historic interest and innovative architectural design".

Central Milton Keynes
Central Milton Keynes is the central business district of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is a civil parish in its own right, with a town council, making it one of the constituent towns of the city.

The district is approximately 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long by 1 km (0.6 mi) wide and occupies some of the highest land in the city. It contains (behind the Central Library) the historic site of the moot hill for Secklow (or Sigelai) Hundred. It is the site of the central retail, business, law enforcement and governmental districts, Milton Keynes Central railway station and around 2,000 residential dwellings.
Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan, 1st Baronet, KCB (2 April 1807 – 19 June 1886) was an English civil servant and colonial administrator. As a young man, he worked with the colonial government in Calcutta, India. He returned to Britain and took up the post of Assistant Secretary to the Treasury. During this time he was responsible for facilitating the government's response to the Great Famine in Ireland. In the late 1850s and 1860s, he served there in senior-level appointments. Trevelyan was instrumental in the process of reforming the British Civil Service in the 1850s.

Today Trevelyan is mostly remembered for his reluctance to disburse direct government food and monetary aid to the Irish during the famine due to his strong belief in laissez-faire economics. Trevelyan's defenders say that larger factors than his own acts and beliefs were more central to the problem of the famine and its high mortality.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Günther Merk
Günther Friedrich Wilhelm Merk (14 March 1888 – 16 January 1947) was a German lawyer and SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of police. During the Second World War he served as the SS and Police Leader in the Charkow region (today, Kharkiv Oblast) and in a military capacity with the Waffen-SS. After the end of the war, he was executed in the Soviet Union for war crimes.

SS and Police Leader
The title of SS and Police Leader (German: SS- und Polizeiführer) designated a senior Nazi Party official who commanded various components of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and the Ordnungspolizei (Orpo; regular uniformed police), before and during World War II in the German Reich proper and in the occupied territories.
Alabama's 6th congressional district
33°18′35.54″N 86°44′23.31″W﻿ / ﻿33.3098722°N 86.7398083°W﻿ / 33.3098722; -86.7398083

Alabama's 6th congressional district is a United States congressional district in Alabama that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It is composed of the wealthier portions of Birmingham, nearly all of Jefferson County outside Birmingham and the entirety of Autauga, Bibb, Chilton, Coosa, Elmore, and Shelby counties. It is the richest congressional district in the state of Alabama.

It is currently represented by Republican Gary Palmer.

Jefferson County, Alabama
Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama, located in the central portion of the state. As of the 2020 census, its population was 674,721. Its county seat is Birmingham. Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century, based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron, established its dominance. Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
James Brailsford Erwin
Brigadier General James Brailsford Erwin (July 11, 1856 − July 10, 1924) was a United States Army officer who served in the American Indian Wars, the Philippine–American War from 1899 to 1902, the Pancho Villa Expedition from 1915 to 1916 and briefly led the 6th Division towards the end of World War I in 1918.

6th Infantry Division (United States)
The 6th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army active in World War I, World War II, and the last years of the Cold War. Known as "Red Star", it was previously called the "Sight Seein' Sixth". The six points of the star refer to the unit's numerical designation.