hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Chambois
The Battle of Chambois was an August 1944 battle during the Battle of Normandy in World War II. Prior to the battle, a pocket had formed around Falaise, Calvados, where the German Army Group B, with the 7th Army and the Fifth Panzer Army (formerly Panzergruppe West) were encircled by the Western Allies. The seizure of Chambois by American, Canadian and Polish forces saw the final closure of the Falaise Pocket on August 21, 1944, and the destruction of most of Army Group B.

Falaise, Calvados
Falaise (French pronunciation: [falɛz] ⓘ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. The town is famous for being the birthplace of William the Conqueror. It was also the centre of the area known as the Falaise pocket, the decisive engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War.
Akilagpa Sawyerr
George Akilagpa Sawyerr, FGA (born 24 March 1939) is a Ghanaian academic. He is a professor in the field of law and has served in various universities in Ghana and abroad. He is a former vice-chancellor of the University of Ghana and also a former president of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences (GAAS) is a learned society for the arts and sciences based in Accra, Ghana. The institution was founded in November 1959 by Kwame Nkrumah with the aim to promote the pursuit, advancement and dissemination of knowledge in all branches of the sciences and the humanities.
Joël Suhubiette
Joël Suhubiette (born in 1962) is a contemporary French choral conductor. In particular, he conducts the chamber choir Les Éléments which he founded in Toulouse and with which he received a Victoire de la musique classique in 2006 and the Ensemble Jacques Moderne in Tours.

Victoires de la musique classique
The Victoires de la musique classique (French: [viktwar də la myzik klasik]; English: "Victories of Classical Music") are an annual French classical music award event founded in 1986. The awards are the classical equivalent of the popular music awards Victoires de la Musique and the Victoires du Jazz. Most of the awards are for actual performers, orchestras, composers, etc. as opposed to the Diapason d'Or given to recordings, though there is an Enregistrement français de musique classique de l'année (English: "French Classical Music Recording of the Year").
Girl Guides Australia
Girl Guides Australia (GGA) is the national Girl Guiding organisation in Australia. Its mission is to empower "girls and young women to discover their potential as leaders of their world". Membership is open to all girls and young women from all cultures, faiths and traditions. Guiding groups formed in Australia as early as 1909, and by 1920 Girl Guide Associations had been formed in six states. In 1926 the State Associations federated and formed a national organization which became a founding member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928. It still operates as a federated structure made up of six state-based Guiding organisations. It has roughly 19,000 members (as of 2021) including adult and youth members. Over a million Australian women are or have been Guides. The Girl Guide emblem incorporates the Commonwealth Star.

World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS /wæɡz/) is a global association that supports female-oriented and female-only Guiding and Scouting organizations in 153 countries. It was established in the year 1928 in Parád, Hungary. The organization now has its headquarters located in London, United Kingdom. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). WAGGGS is organized into five regions and operates five international Guiding centers. It holds full member status in the European Youth Forum (YFJ), which operates within the Council of Europe and the European Union.
Parwan Campaign (1840)
The Parwan Campaign took place from October–November 1840, as a result of Dost Mohammad Khan's rebellion against Shah Shuja and the British backed regime. The campaign saw over thirteen battles, with each ending in an Afghan victory, including a final confrontation at Parwan Darra with Robert Sale and Dost Mohammad.

Shuja Shah Durrani
Shuja Shah Durrani (Shuja ul-Mulk Mohammad Mirza Sadozai; 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was Shah of the Durrani Empire from 1803 until his deposition in 1809, and again from 1839 until his assassination in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Sadozai lineage of the Durrani clan of Pashtuns. He became the fifth King of the Durrani Empire.
Air stripline
Air stripline is a form of electrical planar transmission line whereby a conductor in the form of a thin metal strip is suspended between two ground planes.  The idea is to make the dielectric essentially air.  Mechanical support of the line may be a thin substrate, periodical insulated supports, or the device connectors and other electrical items.

Air stripline is most commonly used at microwave frequencies, especially in the C band.  Its advantage over standard stripline and other planar technologies is that its air dielectric avoids dielectric loss.  Many useful circuits can be constructed with air stripline and it is also easier to achieve strong coupling between components in this technology than with other planar formats.  It was invented by Robert M. Barrett in the 1950s.

Dielectric loss
In electrical engineering, dielectric loss is a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat). It can be parameterized in terms of either the loss angle δ or the corresponding loss tangent tan(δ).  Both refer to the phasor in the complex plane whose real and imaginary parts are the resistive (lossy) component of an electromagnetic field and its reactive (lossless) counterpart.
2016 Moroccan Throne Cup
The 2016 Moroccan Throne Cup was the 60th staging of the Moroccan Throne Cup. The winners were assured a place for the 2017 CAF Confederation Cup preliminary round.

Olympique Khouribga will enter as the defending champions after winning the 2015 edition.

The 2016 Moroccan Throne Cup Final was played at the Stade Sheikh Mohamed Laghdaf in Laayoune, on 18 November 2016. MAS Fez won their 4th title.

2017 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2017 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2017 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 14th edition of the CAF Confederation Cup, Africa's secondary club football competition organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

Starting from this season, the group stage was expanded from eight to 16 teams, divided into four groups of four, and the knockout stage expanded from 4 to 8 teams.

Defending champions TP Mazembe, which entered the Confederation Cup after losing in the 2017 CAF Champions League first round, defeated Supersport United in the final, and earned the right to play against the winners of the 2017 CAF Champions League in the 2018 CAF Super Cup.
Open central unrounded vowel
The open central unrounded vowel, or low central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in several spoken languages. While the International Phonetic Alphabet officially has no dedicated letter for this sound between front [a] and back [ɑ], it is normally written ⟨a⟩. If precision is required, it can be specified by using diacritics, typically centralized ⟨ä⟩.

It is usual to use plain ⟨a⟩ for an open central vowel and, if needed, ⟨æ⟩ for an open front vowel. Sinologists may use the letter ⟨ᴀ⟩ (small capital A). The IPA has voted against officially adopting this symbol in 1976, 1989, and 2012.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Heracleopolis Magna
Heracleopolis Magna (Ancient Greek: Μεγάλη Ἡρακλέους πόλις, Megálē Herakléous pólis), Heracleopolis (Ἡρακλεόπολις, Herakleópolis) or Herakleoupolis (Ἡρακλεούπολις) is the Roman name of the capital of the 20th nome of ancient Upper Egypt, known in Ancient Egyptian as nn nswt. The site is located approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the modern city of Beni Suef, in the Beni Suef Governorate of Egypt.

Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (Arabic: صعيد مصر Ṣaʿīd Miṣr, shortened to الصعيد, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [es.sˤe.ˈʕiːd], locally: [es.sˤɑ.ˈʕiːd]) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel North. It thus starts at Beni Suef and stretches down to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
Tom Nalen
Thomas Andrew Nalen (born May 13, 1971) is an American college football coach and former professional football center who is the assistant offensive line coach for the MIT Engineers. He played for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) for his entire professional career. He played college football for the Boston College Eagles and was selected by the Broncos in the seventh round of the 1994 NFL draft. He was born in Boston and grew up in Foxborough, Massachusetts southwest of Boston.

MIT Engineers football
The MIT Engineers football program represents the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the American football intercollegiate sport. The team plays in New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conferences (NEWMAC) and competes in Division III of the NCAA. Home games are played at Henry G. Steinbrenner '27 Stadium, located on the Institute's campus. The current coach is Brian Bubna.
Janice L. Jacobs
Janice Lee Jacobs (born 1946) was a United States career Senior Foreign Service Officer who was the Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs, June 2008 to April 2014. She was United States Ambassador to Senegal concurrently accredited to Guinea-Bissau from April 2006 to June 2007.

Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs
The assistant secretary of state for consular affairs is the head of the Bureau of Consular Affairs within the United States Department of State.  The assistant secretary of state for consular affairs reports to the under secretary of state for management.  From 1953 to 1977, the position was called Administrator of the Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs. The bureau is "responsible for the welfare and protection of U.S. citizens abroad, for the issuance of passports and other documentation to citizens and nationals, and for the protection of U.S. border security and the facilitation of legitimate travel to the United States" as described by the bureau's website.
Sabra Lane
Sabra Lane (born c.1968) is an Australian journalist and radio presenter. She is best known for her work at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Lane currently presents ABC News Tasmania on weekends. Previously, Sabra hosted the AM current affairs program on ABC Local Radio and ABC Radio National from 2017 to 2025.

ABC Local Radio
ABC Local Radio is a network of publicly owned radio stations in Australia, operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

ABC Local Radio stations broadcast across the continent using terrestrial transmitters and satellites. Its programming consists of news, current affairs, talkback, entertainment, sport, music and local affairs.  They are usually reckoned as the flagship ABC radio stations in their areas.

Depending on the time of day and the day of the week, programming can either be purely local (typically on weekday mornings), broadcast from the state or territory capital city ABC station, or simulcast across all ABC Local Radio services across the country (typically overnight, public holidays, in the summer months and on weekends).
Church of San Pedro de Atacama
The Church of San Pedro de Atacama (Iglesia San Pedro de Atacama) is a Catholic church in San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. Constructed during the Spanish colonial period, it is reportedly the second oldest church in Chile. Indigenous adobe material was used in the church's construction, whose appearance is characterized as simple and elegant. The church was built in the seventeenth century, underwent modifications in the eighteenth century, and additions were made in the nineteenth century. The church was declared a historical monument in 1951.

Adobe
Adobe (/əˈdoʊbi/ ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; Spanish: [aˈðoβe]; via Spanish, from Arabic  الطّوب (at-tūb)) is a building material made from loam and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 BP.
Hypoiodous acid
Hypoiodous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula HIO. It forms when an aqueous solution of iodine is treated with mercuric or silver salts. It rapidly decomposes by disproportionation:

5 HIO → HIO3 + 2 I2 + 2 H2O

Hypoiodous acid is a weak acid with a pKa of about 11. The conjugate base is hypoiodite (IO−). Salts of this anion can be prepared by treating iodine with alkali hydroxides. They rapidly disproportionate to form iodides and iodates, but an iodine–hydroxide mixture can be used an in situ preparation of hypoiodite for other reactions.

Ammonium hypoiodites can be formed by oxidation of the analogous iodide salts. These and also sodium hypoiodite are useful as oxidizing agents for a various types of organic compounds and also for a reaction analogous to the haloform reaction.

Hypoiodite is one of the active oxidizing agents generated by lactoperoxidase as part of the mammalian innate immune system.

Iodide
An iodide ion is I−. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. In everyday life, iodide is most commonly encountered as a component of iodized salt, which many governments mandate. Worldwide, iodine deficiency affects two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.
RGW-Auto
RGW-Auto was a joint project for the construction of passenger cars in the former East Germany and Czechoslovakia. Both countries were members of Comecon (the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). The aging Trabant 601, Wartburg 353, Škoda 100 and Dacia 1300 were to be replaced by vehicles with a modern design. The manufacturers involved were Automobilwerk Eisenach (Wartburg), Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau (Trabant), AZNP Mladá Boleslav (Škoda) and Uzina de Autoturisme Pitești (Dacia). Mass production of the ambitious project was to begin in 1978, but it never happened.

Škoda Auto
Škoda Auto a.s. (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃkoda] ⓘ), often shortened to Škoda, is a Czech automobile manufacturer established in 1896 as the successor to Laurin & Klement and headquartered in Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. Škoda Works became state owned in 1948. After the Velvet Revolution, it was gradually privatized starting in 1991, eventually becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the German multinational conglomerate Volkswagen Group in 2000.

Škoda automobiles are sold in over 100 countries, and in 2018, total global sales reached 1.25 million units, an increase of 4.4% from the previous year. The operating profit was €1.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 34.6% over the previous year. As of 2017, Škoda's profit margin was the second-highest of all Volkswagen AG brands after Porsche.

Its slogan was “Simply Clever” until 2022, when a new brand identity and a new slogan "Let's Explore" were introduced.
Leonard W. Doob
Leonard William Doob (March 3, 1909 – March 29, 2000) was an American academic who worked as the Sterling Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Yale University and was a pioneering figure in the fields of cognitive and social psychology, propaganda and communication studies, as well as conflict resolution. He served as director of overseas intelligence for the United States Office of War Information in World War II and also wrote several works intersecting cognition, psychology and philosophy.

United States Office of War Information
The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a United States government agency created during World War II. The OWI operated from June 1942 until September 1945. Through radio broadcasts, newspapers, posters, photographs, films and other forms of media, the OWI was the connection between the battlefront and civilian communities. The office also established several overseas branches, which launched a large-scale information and propaganda campaign abroad. From 1942 to 1945, the OWI reviewed film scripts, flagging material which portrayed the United States in a negative light, including anti-war sentiment.
Sybil Kathigasu
Sybil Medan Kathigasu GM (née Daly; 3 September 1899 – 12 June 1948) was a Malayan Eurasian nurse who supported the resistance during the Japanese occupation of Malaya. She is the only Malayan woman ever to be awarded the George Medal for bravery.

In July 2024, the Bishop of Penang, Cardinal Sebastian Francis, opened her cause for canonization. In consequence of this step, she is referred to as a Servant of God.

George Medal
The George Medal (GM), instituted on 24 September 1940 by King George VI, is a decoration of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth, awarded for gallantry, typically by civilians, or in circumstances where military honours are not appropriate.
Alcohols (medicine)
Alcohols, in various forms, are used medically as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote. Alcohols applied to the skin are used to disinfect skin before an injection and before surgery. They may also be used as a hand sanitizer; to clean other areas; and in mouthwashes. Taken by mouth or injected into a vein, ethanol is used to treat methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity when fomepizole is not available.

Side effects of alcohols applied to the skin include skin irritation. Care should be taken with electrocautery, as ethanol is flammable. Types of alcohol used include ethanol, denatured ethanol, 1-propanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Alcohols are effective against a range of microorganisms, though they do not inactivate spores. Concentrations of 60% to 90% work best.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem
The Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem (or Bernstein–Khovanskii–Kushnirenko (BKK) theorem), proven by David Bernstein and Anatoliy Kushnirenko in 1975, is a theorem in algebra. It states that the number of non-zero complex solutions of a system of Laurent polynomial equations  is equal to the mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of the polynomials , assuming that all non-zero coefficients of  are generic.

Askold Khovanskii has found about 15 different proofs of this theorem.

Laurent polynomial
In mathematics, a Laurent polynomial (named
after Pierre Alphonse Laurent) in one variable over a field  is a linear combination of positive and negative powers of the variable with coefficients in . Laurent polynomials in  form a ring denoted . They differ from ordinary polynomials in that they may have terms of negative degree. The construction of Laurent polynomials may be iterated, leading to the ring of Laurent polynomials in several variables.  Laurent polynomials are of particular importance in the study of complex variables.
José Antonio Conde
José Antonio Conde y García (28 October 1766–12 June 1820) was a Spanish Orientalist and historian of Al-Andalus period. His Anacreon (1791) obtained him a post in the royal library in 1795. He also published several paraphrases of Greek classics. These were followed in 1799 by an edition of the Arabic text of Muhammad al-Idrisi's Description of Spain, with notes and a translation. As an afrancesado, he fled Spain in 1813, but returned a year later and was eventually reinstated to his honors.  His magnum opus,  the three-volume Historia de la Dominación de los Árabes en España, was published after his death.

Leandro Fernández de Moratín
Leandro Fernández de Moratín ORE (Spanish pronunciation: [leˈandɾo feɾˈnandeθ ðe moɾaˈtin]; 10 March 1760 – 21 June 1828) was a Spanish dramatist, translator and neoclassical poet. He was a major poet, dramatist and man of letters whose writings promoted the reformist ideas associated with the Spanish Enlightenment.
Esteban Saveljich
Esteban Ariel Saveljich (Montenegrin: Естебан Савељић, romanized: Esteban Saveljić; born 20 May 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Primera Federación club Murcia. Born in Argentina, he played for the Montenegro national team.

Real Murcia CF
Real Murcia Club de Fútbol, S.A.D., commonly known as Real Murcia ([reˈal ˈmuɾθja], "Royal Murcia"), is a Spanish football club based in Murcia, in the Región de Murcia. Founded in 1919, it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 2, playing home matches at Estadio Nueva Condomina, which holds 31,179 spectators.

In domestic football, the club has won a record 8 Segunda División titles and 1 Spanish Royal Federation Cup.

Home colours are mainly scarlet shirt and white shorts.
San Martín barracks
San Martín barracks (Spanish: Cuartel San Martín), originally Junín barracks (Spanish: Cuartel Junín), was a military installation inaugurated in 1921 to house the Mounted Grenadiers Regiment of the Argentine delegation that visited the country for the Centennial of the Independence of Peru. Located the 13th block of the Avenida del Ejército, it was subsequently closed and auctioned in 2009 and demolished a year later.

Embassy of Argentina, Lima
The embassy of Argentina in Peru represents the permanent diplomatic mission of Argentina in Peru. It is located at the Casa Gabaldoni, a former private residence by Luis Miró Quesada Garland at 326 Las Flores Avenue, in San Isidro District, Lima, having previously operated at its traditional location from 1938 to 2012.

The embassy operates a Consulate-General in Santa Beatriz, a neighbourhood of Lima District.

The current Argentine ambassador is Samuel Ortiz Basualdo.