hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liupanshui–Baiguo railway
The Liupanshui–Baiguo railway or Shuibai railway (simplified Chinese: 水柏铁路; traditional Chinese: 水柏鐵路; pinyin: shuǐbái tiělù), is a single-track electrified railroad in western Guizhou province in Southwest China.  The line runs  118 km (73 mi) from Baiguo in Pan County to Liupanshui municipality, and was built from 1998 to June 2002.  The line cost the equivalent of US$392.6 million (at 2002 exchange rates) and was partially financed by a loan of US$140 million from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The rail line passes through impoverished areas in the mountains of western Guizhou and was built to promote regional economic development and poverty alleviation.  Freight operations began in March 2004 and passenger services followed in early 2005.

In 2004, the 43-km Baiguo-Hongguo section of the Panxi railway was added to the Shuibai line, and the combined line is known as the Liupanshui–Hongguo railway or Shuihong railway.

Shanghai–Kunming railway
The Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (simplified Chinese: 沪昆铁路; traditional Chinese: 滬昆鐵路; pinyin: hùkūn tiělù), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial railroad across eastern, south central and southwest China. It connects Shanghai, whose shorthand name is Hu, and Kunming. The line has a total length of 2,690 km (1,670 mi) and passes through Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan Province. Major cities along route include Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Yiwu, Jinhua, Shangrao, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Zhuzhou, Huaihua, Kaili, Guiyang, Anshun, Qujing, and Kunming.
Treasure Island (Ontario)
Treasure Island, also known as Mindemoya, is a small island in Lake Mindemoya, on Manitoulin Island, which is in Lake Huron. Aside from being Manitoulin's largest island at approximately 0.445 km2 (0.2 sq mi) in area, it is notable for being the world's largest natural island in a lake on an island in a lake.

The island has no permanent residents, but there are some cottages. Treasure Island lies at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level, with its highest point being about 225 metres (738 ft) above sea level. It is about 1.4 km (1 mile) in length and about 400 meters (yards) wide and about 110 acres.

Recursive islands and lakes
A recursive island or lake, also known as a nested island or lake, is an island that lies inside a lake, or vice versa.
For the purposes of defining recursion, small continental land masses such as Madagascar and New Zealand count as islands, while large continental land masses such as Australia do not. Islands found within lakes in these countries are often recursive islands because the lake itself is located on an island.
Arkansas Highway 250
Highway 250 (AR 250, Ark. 250, and Hwy. 250) is an east–west state highway in Scott County, Arkansas. The highway begins near Waldron and runs east into the Ouachita National Forest. The route is maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ArDOT).

Arkansas Department of Transportation
The Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT), formerly the Arkansas Highway and Transportation Department, is a government department in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Its mission is to provide a safe, efficient, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally sound intermodal transportation system for the user. The department is responsible for implementing policy made by the Arkansas State Highway Commission, a board of officials appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to direct transportation policy in the state. The department's director is appointed by the commission to hire staff and manage construction and maintenance on Arkansas's highways.

The primary duty of ARDOT is the maintenance and management of the over 16,000-mile (26,000 km) Arkansas Highway System. The department also conducts planning, public transportation, the State Aid County Road Program, the Arkansas Highway Police, and Federal-Aid project administration. Its headquarters are in Little Rock.
Case of Mines
The Case of Mines or R v Earl of Northumberland was decided in 1568.

Rather than the usual four judges, a full panel of twelve common law senior judges, on appeal, decided "that by the law all mines of gold and silver within the realm, whether they be in the lands of the Queen, or of subjects, belong to the Queen by prerogative, with liberty to dig and carry away the ores thereof, and with other such incidents thereto as are necessary to be used for the getting of the ore."

The decision was in the law of England and Wales and was later confirmed by courts to be applicable in the monarch's other realms and dominions. The royalties payable by custom to the UK government have been passed by British statute to the former dominions early in their recognition as dominions.

Royal prerogative
The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity recognised in common law (and sometimes in civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy) as belonging to the sovereign, and which have become widely vested in the government. It is the means by which some of the executive powers of government, possessed by and vested in a monarch with regard to the process of governance of the state, are carried out.
Nanmadaw Me Nu
Nanmadaw Me Nu (Burmese: နန်းမတော် မယ်နု, pronounced [náɰ̃mədɔ̀ mɛ̀ nṵ]; 18 June 1783 – 12 May 1840), commonly known by her regnal title Thiri Pavara Mahayazeinda Yadana Dewi (Burmese: သီရိပဝရ မဟာရာဇိန္ဒာ ရတနာဒေဝီ; Pali: Sīri pavara mahārajindā ratanadevī) was the chief queen consort of King Bagyidaw of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 to 1837. Her nickname "Nanmadaw" come from her status as Nanh madaw Miphayah Khaung-gyii (lit. Queen of the Main Palace).

The chief queen was the leader of the powerful palace faction that advocated for war with the British. Even after the disastrous First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), she consolidated more power as her husband withdrew from governing. She and her brother Prince Maung O of Salin became the de facto rulers of the kingdom until Bagyidaw was overthrown in 1837. The queen and her brother were executed on the order of the new king Tharrawaddy Min in 1840.

Tharrawaddy Min
Tharrawaddy Min (Burmese: သာယာဝတီမင်း, pronounced [θàjàwədì mɪ́ɰ̃]; 14 March 1787 – 17 November 1846) was the 8th king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma. He repudiated the Treaty of Yandabo and almost went to war with the British.
Jang Chol
Jang Chol (Korean: 장철, born 1955) is a North Korean politician and scientist. He served as President of the State Academy of Sciences under the Cabinet of North Korea and a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. He was elected a deputy to the 11th and 12th convocations of the Supreme People's Assembly, North Korea's unicameral parliament.

2009 North Korean parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in North Korea on 8 March 2009 to elect the members of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly. They were originally scheduled to be held in August 2008 but were postponed for unknown reasons. Observers of North Korea speculated that it was in relation to Kim Jong Il's ill health.

All candidates standing in the elections in North Korea were members of one of the parties comprising the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland. A single candidate, approved by the North-Korean leadership, ran in each of the 687 districts, thereby guaranteeing a full victory by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, regardless of voter turnout. Kim Jong Il, the de facto leader of North Korea and the Chairman of the National Defence Commission, ran for election in Constituency 333.
Mike Panasiuk
Mike Panasiuk (born October 13, 1997) is an American professional football center for the St. Louis Battlehawks of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the  Michigan State Spartans. Panasiuk has made the transition from defensive to offensive line.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Jerry Hudson
Jerry Hudson (born February 12, 1929, in Gananoque) is a former Canadian ice hockey player. He played several seasons with clubs in the United Kingdom and Italy, and a season both in the Netherlands, and Austria during the 1950s and 60s.

Gananoque
Gananoque (/ˌɡænəˈnɒkweɪ/ GAN-ə-NOK-way) is a town in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville of Ontario, Canada. The town had a population of 5,383 year-round residents in the 2021 Canadian Census, as well as summer residents sometimes referred to as "Islanders" because of the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence River, Gananoque's most important tourist attraction. The Gananoque River flows through the town and the St. Lawrence River serves as the southern boundary of the town.
Abubakar Atiku Bagudu
Abubakar Atiku Bagudu Listenⓘ CON (born 26 December 1961) is a Nigerian politician who is the Nigerian minister of budget and economic planning. He served as governor of Kebbi State from 2015 to 2023. He also served as the senator representing the Kebbi Central senatorial district from 2009 to 2015.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Preemption (computing)
In computing, preemption is the act performed by an external scheduler — without assistance or cooperation from the task — of temporarily interrupting an executing task, with the intention of resuming it at a later time.: 153  This preemptive scheduler usually runs in the most privileged protection ring, meaning that interruption and then  resumption are considered highly secure actions. Such changes to the currently executing task of a processor are known as context switching.

Interrupt
In digital computers, an interrupt is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner. If the request is accepted, the processor will suspend its current activities, save its state, and execute a function called an interrupt handler (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event. This interruption is often temporary, allowing the software to resume normal activities after the interrupt handler finishes, although the interrupt could instead indicate a fatal error.

Interrupts are commonly used by hardware devices to indicate electronic or physical state changes that require time-sensitive attention. Interrupts are also commonly used to implement computer multitasking and system calls, especially in real-time computing. Systems that use interrupts in these ways are said to be interrupt-driven.
USM Alger in African football
USM Alger, an Algerian professional association football club, has gained entry to Confederation of African Football (CAF) competitions on several occasions. They have represented Algeria in the Champions League on seven occasions, the Confederation Cup  on Three separate occasions, the now-defunct Cup Winners' Cup five separate occasions, and the now-defunct CAF Cup one occasions. At the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA), they participated several times, They have represented Algeria in the Arab Champions League on five occasions, and the now-defunct Maghreb Cup Winners Cup two occasions.

African Cup Winners' Cup
The African Cup Winners' Cup was a football competition that started in 1975 and merged with the CAF Cup in 2004 to form the CAF Confederation Cup. It was a competition between the winning clubs of domestic cups in CAF-affiliated nations and was modelled after the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
Governor of Aydın
The Governor of Aydın (Turkish: Aydın Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Aydın. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Aydın is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Aydın. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Aydın provincial police force and the Aydın Gendarmerie.

Governor (Turkey)
In Turkey, a governor (Turkish: Vali) is an official responsible for the implementation of legislation, constitutional and government decisions in individual provinces. There are 81 governors in Turkey, one for each province, appointed ceremonially by the president on the recommendation of the Interior Ministry. Governors are legally required to be politically neutral and have power over public offices within their province, including the provincial police force. They also have a certain role in local government, though mayors and councillors are elected to these roles in local elections. The provincial head of security (the police force) also concurrently serves as deputy governor.

The Kaymakam (roughly translated as 'sub-governor') has similar functions and roles as the governor but operates on a district level.
Indiana County Athletic Conferences
There were numerous conferences within the Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA) that were made up of schools based entirely in one county. Many of these "County Conferences" also contained schools from neighboring counties that were either geographically closer or smaller than the other schools in their home county. These conferences would fold when schools would consolidate and seek out other, more expansive conferences that included similar-sized schools. The starting date of many of these conferences is hard to confirm, so the listing for many of these leagues uses the earliest date that can be confirmed.

Tri-County Conference (Northern Indiana)
The Tri-County Conference was a league that ran from 1950 to 1965, and is considered a direct forerunner to the Mid-Indiana Conference. The league began in 1950 as the Howard-Miami Conference, as the three schools left from the post-consolidation Howard County Conference joined with three schools from Miami County. The conference changed its name to the TCC when Swayzee and Sweetser, from Grant County joined. When school consolidation forced the conference to look outside its footprint to find similar-sized schools, in 1965 it became the current MIC.

This should not be confused with conferences of the same name based in the southern and western portions of the state.
Tafsir al-Khazin
Lubab al-Tawil fi Ma'ani al-Tanzil (Arabic: لباب التأويل في معاني التنزيل), commonly known as Tafsir al-Khazin (Arabic: تفسير الخازن), is a 14th-century Sunni Quranic commentary authored by 'Ala al-Din al-Khazin. Completed in 725 AH (1325 CE), this work is a summary of Ma'ālim al-Tanzīl by al-Baghawi. It is primarily a tafsir bil-mathur (interpretation based on transmitted reports) but also incorporates analytical methods, drawing on Quranic cross-references, hadith, jurisprudential discussions, and occasional Arabic poetry.

Tafsir al-Baghawi
Tafsīr al-Baghawī (Arabic: تفسير البغوي), also known as Ma‘ālim al-Tanzīl, is a classical Sunni tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis) by Husayn b. Mas'ūd al-Baghawī (d. 1122), written as an abridgement of Tafsir al-Thalabi by al-Tha'labī (d. 1035). It is generally classified as one of the books of narration-based tafsir, as it collects and presents many statements from the Sahabah and Tabi'oon. The book primarily relies on 11 reliable chains of narrations, which al-Baghawi mentions in the introduction to his work. It currently exists in four volumes and eight volumes in its Lebanon edition and Cairo edition respectively.
Aarya Ambekar
Aarya Ambekar is a Marathi playback singer and actor from Pune, Maharashtra. She has recorded numerous songs for films and albums in Marathi and Hindi. She has also performed at various prestigious concerts across India and overseas including UAE, USA amongst others. Aarya has won numerous accolades including a Filmfare Award and Maharashtra State Film Awards.

She participated and reached the finals of the first season of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs aired on Zee Marathi channel between July 2008 and February 2009.

Aarya made her acting debut in January 2017 through the film and act character Tanvi in Ti Saddhya Kay Karte.

Lagu Bandhu a Mumbai based jewellery brand announced Aarya as their brand ambassador in October 2025.

Zee Marathi
Zee Marathi is an Indian  Marathi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. The channel was launched on 15 August 1999 and was known as Alpha TV Marathi until 28 March 2005, when it was renamed as Zee Marathi. It is the first Marathi GEC channel. A HD version of this channel, Zee Marathi HD, was launched on 20 November 2016.
Francesca McGhie
Francesca McGhie (born 7 May 2003, in Edinburgh) is a Scottish rugby union player, who often plays fullback or wing. She plays for Trailfinders Women in Premiership Women's Rugby as well as the Scotland national team.

Trailfinders Women
Trailfinders Women are a professional women's rugby union club based in Ealing, Greater London. They currently compete in Premiership Women's Rugby, the highest division of women's rugby union in England.
Tipped tool
A tipped tool is any cutting tool in which the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material that is brazed, welded, or clamped onto a body made of another material. In the types in which the cutter portion is an indexable part clamped by a screw, the cutters are called inserts (because they are inserted into the tool body). Tipped tools allow each part of the tool, the shank and the cutter(s), to be made of the material with the best properties for its job. Common materials for the cutters (brazed tips or clamped inserts) include cemented carbide, polycrystalline diamond, and cubic boron nitride. Tools that are commonly tipped include milling cutters (such as end mills, face mills, and fly cutters), tool bits, router bits, and saw blades (especially the metal-cutting ones).

Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.
Henning Klöter
Henning Klöter (born 1969 in Münster, simplified Chinese: 韩可龙; traditional Chinese: 韓可龍; pinyin: Hàn Kělóng) is a German sinologist and linguist. Since 2015, is professor of modern Chinese languages and literature at Humboldt University of Berlin.

Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han (202 BC – 220 AD) and Tang (618–907 AD) dynasties were considered golden ages of poetry, while the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) were notable for their lyrics (ci), essays, dramas, and plays. During the Ming and Qing, mature novels were written in written vernacular Chinese, an evolution from the preeminence of Literary Chinese patterned off the language of the Chinese classics. The introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the Tang and the invention of movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the Song rapidly spread written knowledge throughout China. Around the turn of the 20th century, the author Lu Xun (1881–1936) is considered an influential voice of vernacular Chinese literature.
Doug Hamilton (chess player)
Douglas Gibson Hamilton (born 15 August 1941) is an Australian chess player who holds the titles of FIDE Master and International Correspondence Chess Master (2001). He is a three-time Australian Chess Championship winner (1965, 1967, 1982).

International Correspondence Chess Federation
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF) was founded on 26 March 1951 as a new appearance of the International Correspondence Chess Association (ICCA), which was founded in 1945, as successor of the Internationaler Fernschachbund (IFSB), founded on 2 December 1928.

The current president is Eric Ruch, while the first president was Jean-Louis Ormond.
Personetics Technologies
Personetics Technologies is a financial technology (fintech) software company headquartered in New York The company's product uses artificial intelligence to analyze bank's customer transaction data in real-time and use this analysis to deliver financial management information.

Financial technology
Financial technology (abbreviated as fintech) refers to the application of innovative technologies to products and services in the financial industry. This broad term encompasses a wide array of technological advances in financial services, including mobile banking, online lending platforms, digital payment systems, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based applications such as cryptocurrencies. Financial technology companies include both startups and established technology and financial firms that aim to improve, complement, or replace traditional financial services.
Falguni Singhababu
Falguni Singhababu is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly since 2024, representing Taldangra Assembly constituency as a Member of the All India Trinamool Congress.

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Operation Strength (1972)
Operation Strength (6 February – 17 March 1972) was a Royalist military offensive of the Laotian Civil War. The attack, undertaken against the advice of his American backers by Hmong General Vang Pao, was launched across the rear of the attacking People's Army of Vietnam forces. A distracting attack was launched from Boumalong in the north while the main assault struck northwards from Ban Pa Dong. A BLU-82 superbomb served as a secondary distraction. Having drawn 11 of the 22 attacking Communist battalions back into their own rear area, the Royalists withdrew after suffering light casualties. The Operation Strength feints into the PAVN rear area sapped the vigor from the ongoing Campaign Z.

Hmong people
The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob, CHV: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃́], Chinese: 苗族蒙人) are an ethnic group from East and Southeast Asia. In China, the Hmong people are classified as a sub-group of the Miao people. The modern Hmong reside mainly in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. There are also diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, France, and South America.