hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viral marketing research
Viral marketing research is a subset of marketing research that measures and compares the relative return on investment (ROI) of advertising and communication strategies designed to exploit social networks.

Algorithms are used to derive respondent-level coefficients of Social Networking Potential (SNP). These coefficients are integrated with respondent-level data measuring

the selling effectiveness of specific communications and

the Viral Marketing Potential of those communications within specific media (e.g., Internet video, texting, print ads, television).

Results identify strategies that are likely to drive sales among the target audience and be distributed throughout relevant social networks.
Viral marketing is more of online and when it is done offline it is called buzz marketing.

Return on investment
Return on investment (ROI) or return on costs (ROC) is the ratio between net income or profit to investment (costs resulting from an investment of some resources). A high ROI means the investment's gains compare favorably to its cost. As a performance measure, ROI is used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiencies of several different investments. In economic terms, it is one way of relating profits to capital invested.
Gravenkapel
The Count's Chapel (Gravenkapel in Dutch) is a medieval chapel in the historic city centre of Kortrijk, Belgium. It is located next to the Church of Our Lady. It was built under Louis II, Count of Flanders as a mausoleum to the Counts of Flanders and a shrine to Saint Catherine. The Count's Chapel was finished around 1374.

Louis II, Count of Flanders
Louis II (Dutch: Lodewijk; 25 October 1330 – 30 January 1384), also known as Louis of Male, a member of the House of Dampierre, was the count of Flanders, Nevers, and Rethel from 1346 to 1384, and also of Artois and Burgundy from 1382 until his death. He was the son and successor of Count Louis I of Flanders and Countess Margaret I of Burgundy, a daughter of King Philip V of France.
NW5
"NW5" is a song by the band Madness, which was debuted live at the Brixton Academy in December 2006.  The single was released in January 2008 on the band's own label, Lucky 7 Records, and entered the chart at no.24 on Sunday 20th Jan 2008, going to no.1 on the UK Independent Label Chart on Sunday 20th Jan 2008.  It was very well received by fans and critics alike.

The song was subsequently included on their critically acclaimed 2009 album, The Liberty of Norton Folgate and has become a regular at Madness concerts.

The song's title is a reference to the UK postal code area for the north London district of Kentish Town, from where the band originated.  It was written by saxophone player Lee Thompson and pianist Mike Barson, who also wrote some of the band's other hits including "House of Fun".

The b-side "Bittersweet" is a cover of a song by The Undertones, recorded for the Dangermen Sessions.

Mike Barson
Michael Barson (born 21 April 1958) is a British multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and composer. In a career spanning more than 45 years, Barson came to prominence in the late 1970s as keyboard-player for the band Madness.
Rampal Yadav
Rampal Yadav is an Indian politician and a member of the 16th Legislative Assembly in India. He represents the Biswan constituency of Uttar Pradesh and was a member of the Samajwadi Party political party until 2017.

Biswan Assembly constituency
Biswan  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Sitapur district and one  of the five assembly constituencies in the Sitapur Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 149.
Carrier Strike Group 14
Carrier Strike Group 14 (CSG-14 or CARSTRKGRU 14, sometimes with the "Fourteen" spelled out) was a U.S. Navy carrier strike group. The group was for some time the only U.S. carrier strike group that did not have an assigned aircraft carrier or carrier air wing. As of December 2010, it directed the cruisers USS Gettysburg (CG-64) and USS Philippine Sea (CG-58). Carrier Strike Group 14 was seemingly last based at Naval Station Mayport. Without a carrier flagship, it did not conduct the typical deployments of other carrier strike groups; instead, its two cruisers made independent voyages.

The group is not listed in the Administrative Organisation of the Operating Forces of the United States Navy: Fleet Chain of Command, March 2012, and thus appears to have been disestablished.

Naval Station Mayport
Naval Station Mayport (IATA: NRB, ICAO: KNRB, FAA LID: NRB) is a major United States Navy base on San Pablo Island in Jacksonville, Florida. It contains a protected harbor that can accommodate aircraft carrier-size vessels, ship's intermediate maintenance activity (SIMA) and a military airfield (Admiral David L. McDonald Field) with one asphalt paved runway (5/23) measuring 8,001 ft × 200 ft (2,439 m × 61 m).
Kizhan Clarke
Kizhan Andre Clarke (born December 16, 1997) is a German-American freestyle wrestler who competes internationally at 65 kilograms. He was a medalist at the European Championship and the Grand Prix Henri Deglane, and was also an NCAA Division I National runner-up out of the University of North Carolina.

Grand Prix de France Henri Deglane 2023
The XLIX Grand Prix de France Henri Deglane 2023 (also known as Grand Prix of France 2023 and Henri Deglane Grand Prix 2023) was a wrestling event held in Nice, France. It was held in the memory of 1924 Olympic Gold medalist Henri Deglane.
Melissa Lucashenko
Melissa Lucashenko is an Indigenous Australian writer of adult literary fiction and literary non-fiction, who has also written novels for teenagers.

In 2013 at the Walkley Awards, she won the "Feature Writing Long (over 4000 words) Award" for her piece Sinking Below Sight: Down and Out in Brisbane and Logan. In 2019, she won the Miles Franklin Award for Too Much Lip.

Walkley Awards
The annual Walkley Awards are presented in Australia to recognise and reward excellence in journalism. They cover all media including print, television, documentary, radio, photographic and online media. The Gold Walkley is the highest prize and is chosen from all category winners. The awards are under the administration of the Walkley Foundation for Journalism.

The Nikon Photography Prizes are also awarded by the Walkley Foundation at the awards ceremony, on behalf of Nikon.
Banda Paramasivam
Banda Paramasivam is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by T. P. Gajendran and produced by P. T. Selvakumar. The film stars Prabhu, Kalabhavan Mani, Abbas, Rambha, Abhinayashree, and Monica while Manivannan, Vinu Chakravarthy, P. Vasu, and Livingston, among others, play supporting roles. The music was composed by Sirpy, and editing was done by Ganesh Kumar. The film was released on 14 April 2003. It is a remake of the Malayalam film Mattupetti Machan (1998).

Rambha (actress)
Yeedi Vijayalakshmi (born 5 June 1976), known professionally as Rambha, is an Indian former actress. She was one of the prominent actresses in Indian cinema in the 1990s and early 2000s. In an acting career spanning almost two decades, Rambha had appeared in more than 100 films across eight languages, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil, in addition to Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada, along with a few Bengali, Bhojpuri and English films. Rambha made her debut with the Malayalam film Sargam.
University Park Mall
University Park Mall is a shopping mall in Mishawaka, Indiana, United States. It serves the South Bend and Michiana areas. Opened in 1979, the mall currently features Barnes & Noble, JCPenney, and Macy's as its anchor stores, with one vacant anchor previously occupied by Sears. The mall was built by the Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation along with George and Donald Cressy. It opened with JCPenney, Sears, L. S. Ayres, and Hudson's, the last of which converted to Marshall Field's in 1997. Marshall Field's was closed in 2006 and demolished for an outdoor concourse featuring Barnes & Noble, while L. S. Ayres was converted to Macy's the same year. Sears closed in 2019. The mall has undergone a number of renovations in its history, including the addition of a food court in 1995 and removal of a movie theater in 2000. University Park Mall features over 100 stores within over 900,000 square feet (84,000 m2) of mall space. It is owned and managed by Simon Property Group.

Simon Property Group
Simon Media Properties, LLC, doing business as Simon Property Group, Inc., is an American real estate investment trust that invests in shopping malls, outlet centers, and community/lifestyle centers. It is the largest owner of shopping malls in the United States and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. As of December 31, 2024, it owned  interests in 232 properties.
Doomsday argument
The doomsday argument (DA), or Carter catastrophe, is a probabilistic argument that aims to predict the total number of humans who will ever live. It argues that if a human's birth rank is randomly sampled from the set of all humans who will ever live, it is improbable that one would be at the extreme beginning. This implies that the total number of humans is unlikely to be much larger than the number of humans born so far.

The doomsday argument was originally proposed by the astrophysicist Brandon Carter in 1983, leading to the initial name of the Carter catastrophe. The argument was subsequently championed by the philosopher John A. Leslie and has since been independently conceived by J. Richard Gott and Holger Bech Nielsen.

Brandon Carter
Brandon Carter, FRS (born 1942) is an Australian theoretical physicist who explores the properties of black holes, and was the first to name and employ the anthropic principle in its contemporary form. He is a researcher at the Meudon campus of the Laboratoire Univers et Théories, part of the French CNRS.
6-Br-APB
6-Br-APB is a synthetic and selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist and stimulant-like drug of the 3-benzazepine family. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and modified derivative of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine. The (R)-enantiomer is a potent dopamine D1 receptor full agonist, while the (S) enantiomer retains selectivity but is a weak partial agonist of the receptor. (R)-6-Br-APB and similar dopamine D1 receptor-selective full agonists like SKF-81,297 and SKF-82,958 produce characteristic anorectic effects, stereotyped behaviour, and self-administration in animals, with a similar but not identical profile to that of dopaminergic stimulants such as amphetamine.

Substituted 3-benzazepine
A substituted 3-benzazepine, or simply 3-benzazepine, is a derivative of 3-benzazepine. They are cyclized phenethylamines and are closely related to the tetrahydroisoquinolines. In addition, they are analogous to the cyclized tryptamine ibogalogs and their β-carboline relatives.

3-Benzazepines are known to act as monoamine receptor modulators, including as dopamine D1-like receptor agonists, dopamine D1 receptor antagonists, and serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonists, among other activities. 3-Benzazepines acting as serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists generally show varying degrees of preferential activity at the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor over the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with occasional exceptions. One 3-benzazepine, the non-selective serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist and previously marketed anorectic lorcaserin (Belviq), is known to produce psychedelic effects at supratherapeutic doses.
Green Hope High School
Green Hope High School is a secondary school located at 2500 Carpenter Upchurch Road in Cary, North Carolina. It is a part of the Wake County Public School System. Green Hope High School has a current enrollment of over 2,000 students, and is one of the highest performing high schools in North Carolina. After only ten years as a Wake County High School, Green Hope earned the North Carolina Honor School of Excellence designation, an honor that only a few high schools in North Carolina have achieved.

Wake County Public School System
The Wake County Public School System (WCPSS) is a public school district located in Wake County, North Carolina. With 159,995 students in average daily membership and 198 schools as of the 2023–24 school year, it is the largest public school district in North Carolina and 14th-largest in the United States as of 2016.

To see the list of schools and their statistics, see List of schools in the Wake County Public School System.
92nd Infantry Regiment (PA)
92nd Infantry Regiment is a reserve unit of Philippine Commonwealth Army activated and organized in September 1941. It was part of 91st Division under Brigadier General Luther Stevens. They fought in Battle of Bataan and surrendered in April 1942 when Luzon Force commander Major General Edward P. King Jr., surrendered all his troops.

Luther R. Stevens
Luther Rea Stevens (3 July 1889 – 7 February 1973) was a military officer who served in the Philippine Constabulary, Philippine Army and United States Army. During World War II, he commanded the 91st Division during the Philippines campaign and then spent more than three years as a prisoner of war after surrendering at Bataan in April 1942.
Idris Jusoh
Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Haji Idris bin Jusoh (Jawi: إدريس بن جوسوه; born 15 November 1955) is a Malaysian politician who served as Chairman of the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) from May 2020 to June 2023, the Minister of Higher Education and Minister of Education II in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018. He also served as the 12th Menteri Besar of Terengganu from March 2004 to March 2008, Member of Parliament (MP) for Besut from May 2013 to November 2022, Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jertih from March 2004 to May 2013 and Chairman of the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) from July 2008 to March 2013. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Besut (federal constituency)
Besut is a federal constituency in Besut District, Terengganu, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1959.

The federal constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
King's College School, Cambridge
King's College School is a coed preparatory school for pupils aged 4 to 13 in Cambridge, England, situated on West Road off Grange Road, west of the city centre. It was founded specially to educate the choristers in the King's College Choir during the 15th century. Although no longer located on College grounds, it remains an integral part of the Chapel's musical tradition and is still governed by and receives some funding from the College. The school is part of the same historic foundation as Eton College. The most recent fully integrated Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) inspection awarded the grade of "excellent" in all rating categories.

Independent Schools Inspectorate
The Independent Schools Inspectorate (ISI) is approved by the Secretary of State for Education – under section 106 of the Education and Skills Act 2008 – to inspect private schools in England. These schools are members of associations, which form the Independent Schools Council.
Benjamin Hermalin
Benjamin E. Hermalin is an American economist and university administrator. He holds professorships in the economics department at the University of California, Berkeley, and in Berkeley's Haas School of Business, where he is the Thomas & Alison Schneider Distinguished Professor of Finance. Since 2022, he has been Berkeley's executive vice chancellor and provost. In this role, Hermalin made the controversial recommendation to suspend a computer science lecturer over pro-Palestinian comments.

Haas School of Business
The Haas School of Business (branded as Berkeley Haas) is the business school of the University of California, Berkeley, a public research university in Berkeley, California. It was the first business school at a public university in the United States.

Named after Walter A. Haas, the school is housed in four buildings surrounding a central courtyard on the southeastern corner of the Berkeley campus, where both undergraduate and graduate students attend classes. Its resident startup incubator, Berkeley SkyDeck, is located west of campus in downtown Berkeley. Notable faculty include former chairs of the Federal Reserve and the Council of Economic Advisors, Nobel laureates in economics, the secretary of the treasury, the chief economist of Google, and more.
Model Context Protocol
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard and open-source framework introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 to standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) systems like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data with external tools, systems, and data sources. MCP provides a universal interface for reading files, executing functions, and handling contextual prompts. Following its announcement, the protocol was adopted by major AI providers, including OpenAI and Google DeepMind.

Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.
Sofia Berezanska
Sofia Stanislavivna Berezanska (Ukrainian: Софія Станіславівна Березанська; 15 May 1924 - 2 May 2024) was a Ukrainian archaeologist who focused on the Bronze Age. A graduate of the History Department of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the NASU Institute of Archaeology, she worked as a senior research associate at the Kherson Local History Museum from 1948 to 1949. Berezanska then worked at the NASU Institute of Archaeology, firstly as a junior researcher, then as a senior researcher and finally as lead researcher. She conducted approximately 40 archaeological expeditions and was the author of monographs, collective books and articles. Berezanska was made laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology in 1977.

State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology
The State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology is an annual award given by the President of Ukraine for accomplishments in science and technology. It is given for one of four categories: outstanding scientific research in the humanities, social, or natural sciences; development of new equipment, technologies, or methods of disease prevention; the solution of environment problems or invention of new environmental conservation techniques; or textbooks or new vocational techniques. It is the highest award given by The Government of Ukraine for accomplishments in science and technology. Recipients are called Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology.
The Rescue (1988 film)
The Rescue is a 1988 American adventure film about a group of teenagers who infiltrate a North Korean prison to rescue their Navy SEAL fathers. It was written by Michael J. Henderson, Jim Thomas, and John Thomas, produced by Laura Ziskin, and directed by Ferdinand Fairfax. The film stars Kevin Dillon, Ned Vaughn, Marc Price, Charles Haid, Christine Harnos, Ian Giatti, and James Cromwell.

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
Indian Head Peak
Indian Head Peak is a prominent 7,448-foot (2,270-metre) mountain summit located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, in the North Cascades of Washington state. The mountain is situated in Chelan County, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher neighbor is Kololo Peaks, 3.29 mi (5.29 km) to the north. Indian Head Peak is the second-highest point on Wenatchee Ridge, a subrange which also includes Mount Saul, Whittier Peak, and Mount David. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Indian Creek and White River which are tributaries of the Wenatchee River.

The mountain's name was given by Albert Hale Sylvester (1871–1944), for its resemblance to an "Indian's headdress" when viewed from the south, near Kodak Peak. Sylvester was a pioneer surveyor, explorer, topographer, and forest supervisor in the Cascades. Indian Head Peak was first climbed on July 2, 1870 by railroad surveyors D. C. Linsley and John A. Tennant.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog
Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; often referred to as Llanarmon DC or locally simply as Llanarmon) is a village in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It lies on the River Ceiriog and is at the end of the B4500 road, five miles (8.0 km) south-west of Glyn Ceiriog and ten miles (16 km) north-west of Oswestry. It is within the Ceiriog Valley ward, Clwyd South Senedd constituency and Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr UK parliamentary constituency. It is in the community of Ceiriog Ucha ("Upper Ceiriog").

Clwyd South (Senedd constituency)
Clwyd South (Welsh: De Clwyd) is a constituency of the Senedd. It elects one Member of the Senedd by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of nine constituencies in the North Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to nine constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole.
Gold Star Chili
Gold Star Chili is a restaurant chain based in Cincinnati, Ohio, that sells Cincinnati chili. The original restaurant was established in the Cincinnati neighborhood of Mt. Washington in 1965 by four Daoud brothers, immigrants from Jordan. Gold Star Chili was the "Official Chili" of the Cincinnati Bengals until April 19, 2023.

Mount Washington, Cincinnati
Mount Washington is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It borders the neighborhoods of California and the East End, as well as Anderson Township, Hamilton County, Ohio. The population was 20,540 at the 2020 census.