hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Tesla vandalism
Beginning in early 2025, there has been an increased number of incidents of vandalism targeting Tesla property, including vehicles, dealerships, and charging stations. The incidents have been part of a larger wave of protests against Elon Musk, Tesla's owner and a key figure of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). The majority of incidents have occurred in the United States, but they have also been reported in Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Attorney General Pam Bondi have labeled the vandalism as domestic terrorism and President Donald Trump suggested the perpetrators be sent to prison in El Salvador. Although Musk has suggested that the vandalism is funded and coordinated, the FBI and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives said they could not find any evidence that attacks have been coordinated.

Domestic terrorism
Domestic terrorism or homegrown terrorism is a form of terrorism in which victims "within a country are targeted by a perpetrator with the same citizenship" as the victims. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it.

Unlike domestic terrorism, state terrorism is that perpetrated by nation states, but is not considered such by the state conducting it, making legality a grey area.
2015 CAF Champions League
The 2015 CAF Champions League (officially the 2015 Orange CAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 51st edition of Africa's premier club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and the 19th edition under the current CAF Champions League format. The winner qualified for the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, and earned the right to play in the 2016 CAF Super Cup.

TP Mazembe of the Democratic Republic of Congo won the competition for the fifth time in their history after a 4–1 aggregate victory over USM Alger of Algeria in the final. ES Sétif were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.

2015 FIFA Club World Cup
The 2015 FIFA Club World Cup (officially known as the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2015 presented by Alibaba E-Auto for sponsorship reasons) was the 12th edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, a FIFA-organised international club football tournament between the winners of the six continental confederations, as well as the host nation's league champions. The tournament was hosted by Japan between 10 and 20 December 2015.

Defending champions Real Madrid did not qualify as they were eliminated in the semi-finals of the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League. The eventual winners of that competition, Barcelona, went on to win a record third Club World Cup title, beating Guangzhou Evergrande 3–0 in the semi-finals before beating River Plate by the same margin in the final.
Jim Daley
Jim Daley (born July 15, 1951) is a Canadian football coach, who currently serves as the special teams coordinator and assistant head coach for the St. Francis Xavier X-Men football team. He has previously coached in the Canadian Football League from 1990 to 2014, including as head coach for the Saskatchewan Roughriders and Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He has also been the head coach for the Ottawa Gee-Gees and Ottawa Sooners. He won a national championship as head coach of the Sooners in 1984 and a Grey Cup championship in 2001 as an assistant coach.

Ottawa Sooners
The Ottawa Sooners are a Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the Ontario Football Conference of the Canadian Junior Football League.  The team has achieved success during its play in the CJFL, winning a total of four National Championships (1974, 1979, 1984 and 1992).  After 35 years of competition (1960–1995) in the CJFL, the Sooners moved to the Quebec Junior Football League for the beginning of the 1996 season.  There, the Sooners would win three Manson Cup Championships (1997, 2001 and 2002).  The Sooners rejoined the CJFL for the start of the 2009 season. The Sooners have a long history in the city of Ottawa, and while playing in the QJFL they had developed a good rivalry with the Ottawa Junior Riders.

The Sooners play home games at Keith Harris Stadium located on the campus of Carleton University, but previously played at the Nepean Sportsplex and Landsdowne Park Stadium.
Generalizations of Pauli matrices
In mathematics and physics, in particular quantum information, the term generalized Pauli matrices refers to families of matrices which generalize the (linear algebraic) properties of the Pauli matrices. Here, a few classes of such matrices are summarized.

Heisenberg group
In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form

under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuous Heisenberg group") or the ring of integers (resulting in the "discrete Heisenberg group").

The continuous Heisenberg group arises in the description of one-dimensional quantum mechanical systems, especially in the context of the Stone–von Neumann theorem. More generally, one can consider Heisenberg groups associated to n-dimensional systems, and most generally, to any symplectic vector space.
Lever (company)
Lever is a software company headquartered in San Francisco, California, and Toronto, Canada that provides an applicant tracking system for hiring. It was founded in 2012 by Nate Smith, Sarah Nahm, Randal Truong, and Brian Noguchi. It is backed by an advisory board which includes Aaron Levie, Marissa Mayer, and Jeremy Stoppelman.

Applicant tracking system
An applicant tracking system (ATS) is a software application that enables the electronic handling of recruitment and hiring processes.

An ATS is very similar to a customer relationship management (CRM) system, but is designed for recruitment tracking purposes. An applicant tracking system has several use cases, including sourcing qualified candidates, posting jobs, parsing resumes, searching and filtering candidate databases, ranking and rating candidates, managing and tracking applicants, scheduling applicant interviews, providing communication support as with automated emails and reminders to candidates and hiring managers, as well as reporting and analytics.

The practice of application filtering has caused many candidates to adopt resume optimization techniques similar to those used in search engine optimization when creating and formatting their résumé. Many applicant tracking systems now offer inbuilt AI features.
Pluck railway station
Pluck railway station served Pluck in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 1 December 1883 when the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway built their line from Londonderry Graving Dock to Letterkenny (LLS).

It closed for passengers on 3 June 1940.

It remained open for freight until 10 August 1953.

Letterkenny railway station (L&LSR)
Letterkenny (LLS) railway station served the town of Letterkenny in County Donegal, Ireland.

The station opened on 30 June 1883 when the Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway built their line from Londonderry Graving Dock to Letterkenny.

It was adjacent to the Letterkenny (CDR) railway station built by the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee and had a siding connection to the system of this company.

It closed on 3 June 1953 when the LLSR closed the line from Tooban Junction to Burtonport in an effort to save money.

Freight services continued until 1 July 1953.
The Sunshine Company
The Sunshine Company was an American sunshine pop band from Los Angeles, California. Originally the duo of Mary Nance (November 7, 1947 – November 24, 2019) and Maury Manseau, the group later added the rhythm section of bassist Larry Sims and drummer Merel Bregante and signed to Imperial Records, releasing their debut album in 1967. They scored three hit singles on the U.S. singles chart over the next two years before disbanding after their third album, 1968's self-titled effort. Sims and Bregante later backed Loggins and Messina.

Imperial Records
Imperial Records is an American record company and label started in 1947 by Lew Chudd. The label was reactivated in 2006 by EMI, which owned the label and back catalogue at the time. Imperial is owned by Universal Music Group.
Earl of Lonsdale
Earl of Lonsdale is a title that has been created twice in British history, firstly in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1784 (becoming extinct in 1802), and then in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1807, both times for members of the Lowther family.

Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther
Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet (20 February 1605 – 30 November 1675) was an English lawyer, landowner, and politician who sat in the House of Commons for Westmorland in 1628 and in 1660. He took no great part in the English Civil Wars.
Dancing with the Stars (Australian TV series) season 3
The third season of the Australian Dancing with the Stars premiered on 6 September 2005. Daryl Somers and Sonia Kruger returned as hosts, while Todd McKenney, Paul Mercurio, Helen Richey, and Mark Wilson returned as judges.

Home and Away actress Ada Nicodemou and Aric Yegudkin were announced as the winners on 8 November 2005, while Seven News presenter Chris Bath and Trenton Shipley finished in second place.

Todd McKenney
Todd McKenney (born 31 May 1965) is an Australian dancer, theatre performer and TV personality. He is best known as a judge on the Australian television talent show Dancing with the Stars.

As a theatre performer, he has appeared in numerous productions, notably singer Peter Allen in the theatre production The Boy from Oz.
Cancelo, Cape Verde
Cancelo is a settlement in the eastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is part of the municipality Santa Cruz. It is situated near the east coast, 4 km northwest of Pedra Badejo and 5 km southeast of Calheta de São Miguel. In 2010 its population was 2,042.

Pedra Badejo
Pedra Badejo is a city in the eastern part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is on the east coast, 25 km (16 mi) north of the island capital Praia, 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Calheta de São Miguel and 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Assomada. It is the seat of Santa Cruz municipality. At the 2010 census, the town had 9,859 inhabitants.
Westmoreland Street, London
Westmoreland Street is in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster in London, England. The street was built from the 1760s by William Franks and runs from Beaumont Street and Weymouth Street in the north to New Cavendish Street in the south. It was formerly the location of the Welbeck Chapel, which became St James's Church. In 1968, it was the site of Britain's first heart transplant when the National Heart Hospital was located there. The hospital is now known as University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street.

University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street
University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, named The Heart Hospital until refurbished and renamed in 2015, was a specialist cardiac hospital located in London, United Kingdom until 2015. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is closely associated with University College London (UCL). After the 2015 refurbishment, the hospital now provides thoracic surgery and urology services.

Before the 2015 refurbishment, the Heart Hospital conducted over 1,000 surgical heart operations each year, had 95 in-patient beds, and was one of the largest cardiac centres in the UK. It treated around 1,700 new outpatients, 5,500 follow-up outpatients and 1,200 inpatients each year. It was a centre for cardiac research, home to the UCL Centre for Cardiology in the Young, and part of the UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre and the UCL Partners academic health science centre.
Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (album)
Don't Be Afraid of the Dark, released in 1988, is American blues musician Robert Cray's follow-up to Strong Persuader. It was unable to match the mainstream success of Strong Persuader, peaking at number 32 on the Billboard 200 and staying on the chart for 60 weeks.

Strong Persuader
Strong Persuader is the fourth studio album by American blues singer and guitarist Robert Cray. It was recorded by Cray at the Los Angeles studios Sage & Sound and Haywood's with producers Bruce Bromberg and Dennis Walker, before being released on November 17, 1986, by Mercury Records and Hightone Records. Strong Persuader became his mainstream breakthrough and by 1995 it had sold over two million copies. The record was later ranked No. 42 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 greatest albums of the eighties.
Rock Island, Tennessee
Rock Island is an unincorporated community in the northeasternmost portion of Warren County, Tennessee, United States. The town is named after an island on the Caney Fork River just below the confluence of the Rocky River. Rock Island is home to the Great Falls Dam and Rock Island State Park.

Many different houses, restaurants, and marinas can be found here. Rock Island is a popular destination during the summer season. It is known for scenic waterfalls and bluffs. Boats can often be seen on the river riding by. The state park offers many different hiking trails as well as a sand bar (almost a beach front).

Great Falls Dam (Tennessee)
Great Falls Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Caney Fork, straddling the county line between White County and Warren County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the only dam outside the Tennessee River watershed owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The dam impounds the 1,830-acre (740 ha) Great Falls Lake, and its tailwaters feed into Center Hill Lake. The completion of Great Falls Dam in late 1916 was an engineering triumph, marking the first successful attempt to impound the volatile and flood-prone Caney Fork. The dam is also notable for its design, utilizing a mostly underground conduit to carry water from the reservoir via a tributary to the Power House 0.75 miles (1.21 km) downstream from the dam.

Great Falls Dam is named for the rapids and waterfalls on the Caney Fork downstream from the dam. The section of river below the powerhouse is world-renowned for whitewater kayaking. The dam and its tailwaters are surrounded by Rock Island State Park.
Bloodhounds (South Korean TV series)
Bloodhounds (Korean: 사냥개들) is a South Korean action drama television series directed by Kim Joo-hwan, and starring Woo Do-hwan, Lee Sang-yi, Park Sung-woong and Huh Joon-ho. Based on the Naver Webtoon of the same name by Jeong Chan, the series follows the story of a young boxer who teams up with a delinquent and a moneylender to fight against a loan shark organization. The first season was released on Netflix on June 9, 2023. A second season has been confirmed in production.

Huh Joon-ho
Huh Joon-ho (Korean: 허준호; born April 14, 1964) is a South Korean actor. His name was previously officially romanized as Hur Joon-ho and is sometimes romanized unofficially as Heo Joon-ho. Huh began his career in theater became active in film and television as a character actor, notably in the film Silmido (2003) for which he won Best Supporting Actor at the Grand Bell Awards. He has also reprised the leading role in the stage musical Gambler several times.
Elliot Hirshman
Elliot Lee Hirshman (born February 21, 1961) is an American psychologist and academic who is the president of Stevenson University in Owings Mills, Maryland, since July 3, 2017. Prior to Stevenson University he served as president at San Diego State University (SDSU) and served as the provost and senior vice president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Jens Jørn Bertelsen
Jens Jørn Haahr Bertelsen (born 15 February 1952), known as Jens Jørn Bertelsen and Sjønne, is a Danish former association football player in the defensive midfielder position. He played 362 matches and scored 42 goals for Danish club Esbjerg fB, and played for a number of European clubs. He played 69 matches and scored two goals for the Denmark national football team, and represented Denmark at the UEFA Euro 1984 and 1986 FIFA World Cup tournaments.

UEFA Euro 1984
The 1984 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in France from 12 to 27 June 1984. It was the seventh UEFA European Championship, a competition held every four years and endorsed by UEFA.

At the time, only eight countries took part in the final stage of the tournament, seven of which had to come through the qualifying stage. France qualified automatically as hosts of the event; in the tournament led by Michel Platini, who scored nine goals in France's all five matches, which is still the record for goals scored in a single tournament and until UEFA Euro 2020 was also the record for goals scored by a single player at all tournaments. Les Bleus won the championship – their first major international title.
Franz Xaver Gebauer
Franz Xaver Gebauer (c.1784 – 13 December 1822), born in Prussian Silesia, was an organist, composer of church music, and choirmaster and music director of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. Before his early death he organised the 'Concerts Spirituels' which promoted German music in Vienna at a time when Italian opera was particularly popular.

Augustinian Church, Vienna
The Augustinian Church (German: Augustinerkirche) in Vienna is a parish church located on Josefsplatz, next to the Hofburg, the winter palace of the Habsburg dynasty in Vienna. Originally built in the 14th century as the parish church of the imperial court of the Habsburgs, the harmonious Gothic interior was added in the 18th century. The official name of church and parish is St. Augustin, but it is locally called Augustinerkirche.
Arctostaphylos imbricata
Arctostaphylos imbricata is a species of manzanita known by the common name San Bruno Mountain manzanita.

It is endemic to San Mateo County, California, where it is known only from six populations on San Bruno Mountain. Despite its rarity, this manzanita is not a federally listed endangered species because five of its six remaining populations are protected by the San Bruno Mountain Habitat Conservation Plan.

This plant grows in the chaparral plant community. Like many other chaparral species, it requires wildfire for reproduction. Fire suppression in its native habitat is one threat to its survival.

Arctostaphylos
Arctostaphylos (/ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/; from ἄρκτος árktos "bear" and σταφυλή staphulḗ "bunch of grapes") is a genus of plants within the family Ericaceae. Many plants within the genus Arctostaphylos are also commonly called manzanitas(/ˌmænzəˈniːtəz/) or bearberries. There are 107 taxa within Arctostaphylos, 106 of which are found in the California Floristic Province. From prostrate shrubs to small erect trees, Arctostaphylos is known for characteristic red bark, urn-shaped flowers and being fire adapted .
Disley Tunnel
Disley Tunnel was built by the Midland Railway in 1902 on its line between New Mills South Junction and Manchester Central, which was more direct than the congested and difficult lines through Stockport Tiviot Dale.

It was the most expensive work on the line and at 2 miles, 346 yards (3,535 m), the second-longest tunnel on the Midland system.

By means of a connection on to the old LNWR line from Buxton at Hazel Grove that was opened in 1986, it is now part of the Hope Valley Line into the present-day Stockport railway station.

There is also a short (174 yard) Disley Tunnel nearby on the Buxton Line.

Stockport Tiviot Dale railway station
Stockport Tiviot Dale was one of two main railway stations serving the town of Stockport, Cheshire, England; the other being Stockport Edgeley, which is now simply referred to as Stockport. It was a stop on the Cheshire Lines Committee-operated Stockport, Timperley and Altrincham Junction Railway line.

Tiviot Dale was named after Teviotdale in Scotland. Prince Charles Stuart camped to the north of the town in 1745.
Mount Popov
Mount Popov (Bulgarian: Попов връх, romanized: Popov vrah, IPA: [poˈpɔv ˈvrɤx]) is the broad ice-covered peak with precipitous rocky slopes rising to 1248 m in eastern Bigla Ridge on Heros Peninsula, Foyn Coast on the Antarctic Peninsula. It surmounts Beaglehole Glacier to the west and Cabinet Inlet to the northeast.

The feature is named after Todor Popov, physician at St. Kliment Ohridski Base during the 1996/97 and 1997/98 seasons.

Bigla Ridge
Bigla Ridge (Bulgarian: хребет Бигла, ‘Hrebet Bigla’ \'hre-bet 'bi-gla\) is the rocky, partly ice-free ridge extending 19 km in northwest-southeast direction, 8.8 km wide and rising to 1644 m (Stancheva Peak) on Foyn Coast, Antarctic Peninsula.  The ridge is crescent-shaped facing southwest and surmounting Sleipnir Glacier to the northwest and Beaglehole Glacier to the southwest, with its southeast half forming Heros Peninsula.

The feature is named after Bigla Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.
Julian MacKay
Julian MacKay (born 28 October 1997) is an American ballet dancer. He is the first American to have completed both the lower and upper schools at the Bolshoi Ballet Academy in Moscow. In 2016, he joined the Mikhailovsky Ballet as a second soloist, where he later reached the rank of first soloist. Between 2020 and 2022, he was a principal dancer at the San Francisco Ballet. In 2022, he joined the Bavarian State Ballet.

Bayerisches Staatsballett
The Bavarian State Ballet (German: Bayerisches Staatsballett) is a professional ballet company in Munich, Germany. It was founded in 1988 by Konstanze Vernon as an independent company. The ballet had previously been part of the Bayerische Staatsoper. In a broader sense, Bavarian State Ballet is sometimes used for the Bavarian State Opera Ballet before 1988. Vernon was the director of the independent company for the first 10 years, succeeded by Ivan Liška. From 2016 to 2022, Igor Zelensky was director of the ballet. In 2022, Laurent Hilaire took over the ballet. The company is formed by international dancers and has a repertory of more than 80 works from Romantic ballet to the 21st century. It is considered as a leading company in Europe.
1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic
The 1870 Barcelona yellow fever epidemic was an epidemic that took place in the Spanish city of Barcelona in 1870.

The epidemic started in August 1870 and lasted to the end of the year. The yellow fever virus is transmitted via a species of invasive mosquitoes called Aedes aegypti. The yellow fever was brought to the city by a ship that had arrived from Cuba, but the mosquitoes failed to survive Barcelona's cold weather conditions in December 1870.

Aedes aegypti
Aedes aegypti (/ˈiːdiːz eɪˈdʒɪpti/; US: /eɪdz -, ˈeɪdiːz -/; from Ancient Greek  αηδής (aēdḗs) 'unpleasant' and Latin  aegyptī 'Egyptian') – sometimes called the Egyptian mosquito, dengue mosquito, or yellow fever mosquito – is a mosquito that spreads diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, and chikungunya. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. The mosquito is native to north Africa, but is now a common invasive species that has spread to tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions throughout the world.