hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Digital topology
Digital topology deals with properties and features of two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) digital images
that correspond to topological properties (e.g., connectedness) or topological features (e.g., boundaries) of objects.

Concepts and results of digital topology are used to specify and justify important (low-level) image analysis algorithms, 
including algorithms for thinning, border or surface tracing, counting of components or tunnels, or region-filling.

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
Karen Aleksanyan
Karen Aleksanyan (Armenian: Կարեն Համլետի Ալեքսանյան, born 17 June 1980 in Gyumri, Armenian SSR) is an Armenian retired football midfielder. Aleksanyan spent the majority of his career at Armenian Premier League club FC Shirak.

Shirak SC
Football Club Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ), commonly known as Shirak, is an Armenian professional sports club based in Gyumri. Shirak is known for its professional football team which is one of the oldest football clubs in Armenia, having been created in 1958. The club is the only team that participated in all seasons of the Armenian Premier League since its creation in 1992 until 2021. Shirak is one of the more successful clubs in Armenia, having won a total of 11 domestic titles including four Armenian Premier League titles, two Armenian Cup, and five Armenian Super Cup.

Shirak has yet to qualify for an international tournament playoff round, yet frequently plays UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League qualifying matches.

Shirak's home stadium is the 4,500 seater Gyumri City Stadium, the oldest venue in Armenia. Shirak's youth academy has also produced successful players, including Artur Petrosyan and Harutyun Vardanyan.
Julius Travis
Julius Curtis Travis (July 31, 1869 – March 11, 1961) was an American lawyer, politician, sports journalist, businessman, and judge who served as a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from January 3, 1921, to January 3, 1933.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Abu al-Ward
Majzaʾa ibn al-Kawthar ibn Zufar ibn al-Ḥārith al-Kilābī (Arabic: مَجْزَأَة بن الْكَوْثَر بن زُفَر بن الْحَارٍث الْكِلابِيّ الهَوازِنِيِّ; died 750), commonly known as Abū al-Ward (also transliterated Abūʾl-Ward), was a mid-8th century Umayyad governor of Jund Qinnasrin in Syria. He was a cavalry commander of Umayyad Caliph Marwan II and later the leader of a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate in Syria which aimed to reestablish the Umayyad Caliphate in 750.

Marwan II
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan (Arabic: مروان بن محمد بن مروان, romanized: Marwān ibn Muḥammad ibn Marwān; c. 691– 6 August 750), commonly known as Marwan II and surnamed al-Himar (Arabic: الحمار), was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 744 until his death. His reign was dominated by a civil war, and he was the last Umayyad ruler to rule the united Caliphate before the Abbasid Revolution toppled the Umayyad dynasty.
2019–20 Kerala Premier League
The 2019–20 Kerala Premier League Season was the seventh season of the Kerala Premier League. The season featured 10 teams which was divided into 2 groups and were played on a home-and-away format. The season kicked off on 15 December 2019. Former participants
Kozhikode Quartz FC, SBI Kerala, RFC Kochi, FC Thrissur withdrew from the league due to financial problems. Meanwhile, Kannur City FC withdrew mid-way throughout the tournament due to some technical issues. Kerala Blasters FC  beat Gokulam Kerala F.C. in the finals and lifted their first KPL Title.

Kerala Premier League
The Kerala Premier League is the highest state-level football league organized by the Kerala Football Association and played in the state of Kerala, India. It is the overall fifth tier of the Indian football league system. For sponsorship reasons it is officially known as the Elite Kerala Premier League. Founded in 1998, the Kerala Football League was the first football league in Kerala, and got rebranded in 2013 as the KPL. Kerala United is the current champion.
Cristina González de Moreno
Cristina González Villegas de Moreno (c. 1962) is a Colombian model and lawyer who served as First Lady of Bogotá from 2008 to 2012 during the mayoralty of Samuel Moreno.

Born in Pereira, Risaralda, González de Moreno studied law at the University of La Sabana, where she met Samuel in 1979 when they were taking a class together.

First Lady of Bogotá
The first lady of Bogotá, is the title held by the social manager of Bogotá, generally the wife of the Mayor of Bogotá, coinciding with the mayor's mandate. The role of the first lady has never been codified or officially defined; According to Colombian regulation, the first lady holds the status of private citizen before the public administration. However, this gives the first lady an additional special role, since, being the wife of the mayor, the first lady of Bogotá has the non-obligatory right to ensure the social policy of Bogotá.

Although traditionally the spouse of the mayor of Bogotá fulfills the functions of Social Manager, these functions can be replaced by another person completely different from his or her spouse, in cases where the mayor is not married or is widowed.

Carolina Deik is the current first lady of Bogotá as wife of the current Superior mayor of Bogotá, Carlos Fernando Galán.
Oxfordshire Militia
The Oxfordshire Militia was an auxiliary military force in the English county of Oxfordshire. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1572, the Militia of Oxfordshire provided internal security and home defence during times of international tension and major wars, relieving regular troops from routine garrison duties and acting as a source of trained officers and men for the Regular Army. The Oxfordshire Militia was active in suppressing Monmouth's Rebellion in 1685 and served overseas at various times in Ireland and the Ionian Islands. It became a battalion of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and trained thousands of reservists and recruits during World War I. It maintained a shadowy existence until final disbandment in 1953.

Militia (England)
The English Militia was the principal military reserve force of the Kingdom of England. Militia units were repeatedly raised in England from the Anglo-Saxon period onwards for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. One of the first militia units in England were the fyrd, which were raised from freemen to defend the estate of their local Shire's lord or accompany the housecarls on offensive expeditions. During the Middle Ages, English militia units continued to be raised for service in various conflicts such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses. Militia troops continued to see service in Tudor and Stuart periods, most prominently in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the Acts of Union 1707, the English Militia was transformed into the British Militia.
Yngve Ekstrand
Rear Admiral Sven Yngve Ekstrand (22 February 1888 – 30 March 1951) was a Swedish Navy officer. He was Chief of the Naval Staff from 1939 to 1942, Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet from 1942 to 1945 and the East Coast Naval District from 1945 to 1951.

Rear admiral (Sweden)
Rear admiral (RAdm) (Swedish: Konteramiral, Kam) is a two-star commissioned naval officer rank in the Swedish Navy. Rear admiral ranks above rear admiral (lower half) and below vice admiral. Rear admiral is equivalent to the rank of major general.
Khaldoon Al Mubarak
Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak (Arabic: خلدون المبارك; born 27 January 1976) is an Emirati government official and business leader. Al Mubarak holds senior positions within the Government of Abu Dhabi, including as a member of the Executive Council since 2006, a member of the Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs, and as the founding chairman of the Executive Affairs Authority. He fulfills responsibilities for the UAE Federal government and has served as Presidential Special Envoy to the People's Republic of China since 2018.

Al Mubarak is chief executive officer and managing director of Mubadala Investment Company. He is chairman of the football clubs Manchester City, Melbourne City and Mumbai City. Al Mubarak is on the board of the UAE business ADNOC and serves as the Chairman of the Boards of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and Emirates Global Aluminium.

Mubadala Investment Company
Mubadala Investment Company PJSC (Arabic: شركة مبادلة للاستثمار), or simply Mubadala, is a state-owned global investment firm that acts as one of the sovereign wealth funds of the government of Abu Dhabi. The company was established in 2017 when then-named Mubadala Development Company (now Mamoura Diversified Global Holding) and the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) merged. Headquartered in Abu Dhabi, Mubadala also has offices in London, Rio de Janeiro, New York, San Francisco and Beijing.
Hennessy Islands
The Hennessy Islands (65°53′S 65°43′W﻿ / ﻿65.883°S 65.717°W﻿ / -65.883; -65.717) are a group of small islands 2 nautical miles (4 km) in extent, lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) southeast of Jurva Point, the southeast end of Renaud Island, in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica. The main islands in the group were first accurately shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. The group was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Jack Hennessy (1885–1954), Deputy Marine Superintendent of the (British) Meteorological Office, 1940–54, who collected and published reports on sea ice observations in Antarctic waters, 1902–53.

Renaud Island
Renaud Island is an ice-covered island in the Biscoe Islands of Antarctica, 40 km (25 mi) long and from 6.4 to 16.1 km (4 to 10 mi) (average 11.3 km (7 mi)) wide, lying between the Pitt Islands and Rabot Island. It is separated from the Pitt Islands to the northeast by Mraka Sound, and from Lavoisier Island to the southwest by Pendleton Strait.
Enzo Boschetti
Enzo Boschetti (19 November 1929 – 15 February 1993) – once known as Giuliano in the religious life – was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Casa del Giovane. He once served as a friar from the Carmelites and did work in the missions in Kuwait though decided to return to his homeland to serve as a diocesan priest instead. He did his studies in Rome before his sacerdotal ordination in 1962; he began working in parishes where he became sensitive to the needs of workers and those suffering from gambling and drug addictions. He founded an institute for those people suffering from addictions and set up a range of courses and workshops to help addicts lead better and healthier lives.

Boschetti's process for beatification opened in 2005 and he became titled as a Servant of God. The cause culminated on 11 June 2019 after Pope Francis signed a decree that acknowledged the fact that Boschetti had led a life of heroic virtue.

Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or be a non-ordained brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites.
Cross of Merit of the Army of Central Lithuania
The Cross of Merit of the Army of Central Lithuania was a military order of merit awarded by the Republic of Central Lithuania in 1922, and by the Second Polish Republic, from 1922 to 1926. It was awarded to the soldiers of the Polish Armed Forces, and the Army of Central Lithuania, in recognition of merit, expressed by the soldiers during the war Polish–Lithuanian War, from 9 October to 19 November 1920, which included the Żeligowski's Mutiny, and the Central Lithuanian Offensive on Kaunas.

Żeligowski's Mutiny
Żeligowski's Mutiny (Polish: bunt Żeligowskiego, also żeligiada, Lithuanian: Želigovskio maištas) was a Polish false flag operation led by General Lucjan Żeligowski in October 1920, which resulted in the creation of the Republic of Central Lithuania. Józef Piłsudski, the Chief of State of Poland, surreptitiously ordered Żeligowski to carry out the operation, and revealed the truth only several years afterwards.

The Second Polish Republic formally annexed Vilnius and its region on 4 March 1922 and the area was recognized by the Conference of Ambassadors as Polish territory on 15 March 1923, which was unrecognized by Lithuania, that claimed Vilnius and its region, and by the Soviet Union. The International Court of Justice in The Hague arbitrated in 1931 that Poland broke international law by occupying Vilnius.
Cameron Gliddon
Cameron Richard Gliddon (born 16 August 1989) is an Australian basketball coach and former professional player, currently the head coach of the Auckland Tuatara in the New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL). He played four years of college basketball for Concordia University before returning to Australia and joining the Cairns Taipans of the National Basketball League (NBL), where he won the NBL Rookie of the Year Award in 2013. After six seasons with the Taipans, he played two seasons for the Brisbane Bullets (2018–20), two for the South East Melbourne Phoenix (2020–22), and two for the New Zealand Breakers (2022–24). He also played in Poland, Russia and the New Zealand NBL throughout his career. In September 2024, he retired from playing and was appointed head coach of the Auckland Tuatara.

NBL Rookie of the Year Award
The National Basketball League Rookie of the Year was an annual National Basketball League (NBL) award given between 1983 and 2022 to the top rookie of the regular season. Traditionally for a player to be considered for Rookie of the Year, they must have been an unrestricted non-import player without previous professional experience. This rule was relaxed in 2020 when American Next Star LaMelo Ball was named Rookie of the Year.

The award was discontinued in 2023 following the introduction of the Next Generation Award.
2020 Drydene 200 (Sunday)
The second race of the 2020 Drydene 200 doubleheader was the 21st stock car race of the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series season and the 35th iteration of the event. The race was originally going to be held on August 22, 2020, but was delayed by a day due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The race was held on Sunday, August 23, 2020, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Chase Briscoe of Stewart-Haas Racing would come to dominate and win the race, the 8th NASCAR Xfinity Series win of his career and the 6th of the season. To fill out the podium, Ross Chastain of Kaulig Racing and Austin Cindric of Team Penske would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
NGC 486
NGC 486, also occasionally referred to as LEDA 1281966 or GC 275, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. NGC 486 was discovered on December 6, 1850 by Irish engineer Bindon Blood Stoney.

NGC 486 is commonly misidentified as PGC 4975, which is sometimes referred to as NGC 492A.

NGC 488
NGC 488 is a face-on spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 13 December 1784. It is at a distance of about 90 million light-years away from Earth. Its diameter is estimated to be ~185,800 Light Years (~52.7 Kpc). The galaxy has a large central bulge, and is considered a prototype galaxy with multiple spiral arms. Its arms are tightly wound. Star forming activity has been traced within the arms. The nucleus of NGC 488 has been found to be chemically decoupled, being twice as metal rich as the central bulge of the galaxy. NGC 488, with the exception of its smaller companions, form the NGC 488 group; a relatively isolated galaxy group.
God's Seat
God's Seat is a popular vista and rock formation in Malibu, California, United States, about two miles east of Circle X Ranch in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. God's Seat's name derives from its natural throne-like shape at the top of a thousand-foot cliff. It is well known locally for its scenic views of Lake Sherwood, Sandstone Peak, the Conejo Valley and the Pacific Ocean.

The formation is visible from Yerba Buena Road, about two miles north of Mulholland Highway along the Backbone Trail. The California Hells Angels were supposedly once common fixtures at the site, which they nicknamed Smoker's Perch. The "seat of the throne" today is a floor of broken glass, though the site is now patrolled daily so as to prevent further vandalism.

Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (SMMNRA) is a national recreation area containing many individual parks and open space preserves, located primarily in Southern California's Santa Monica Mountains. Located in greater Los Angeles, two thirds of SMMNRA's parklands are in northwest Los Angeles County and the remaining third, including a Simi Hills extension, is in southeastern Ventura County. It is administered by the National Park Service in coordination with state, county, municipal, and university agencies.

In size, the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area is the largest urban national park in the world. It is also one of the best examples of a Mediterranean climate ecosystem and it protects one of the highest densities of archaeological resources in any mountain range in the world.
Indian Springs Pass
Indian Springs Pass, is a mountain pass 40-mi (64 km) northwest of Las Vegas in northwest Clark County, Nevada.

The pass is in a region of converging landforms of various watersheds, valleys, and mountain ranges; specifically it lies on the north perimeter of the Ivanpah-Pahrump Watershed-(Pahrump Valley). The endorheic Indian Springs Valley watershed lies due north, and the endorheic Three Lakes Valley is adjacent east.

Three Lakes Valley (Nevada)
Three Lakes Valley is a 25-mile (40 km) long,  partially endorheic valley in southwest Lincoln County and northwest Clark County, Nevada.  The southwest of the valley has a narrowing with washes that flow south into the watershed of the Las Vegas Valley, a tributary to Lake Mead–Colorado River watersheds.
Mary Wallace
Mary Wallace (born 13 June 1959) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister of State at the Department of Health from 2008 to 2009, Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine from 2006 to 2008, and Minister of State at the Department of Justice from 1998 to 2002. She served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Meath and Meath East constituencies from 1989 to 2011. She was a Senator for the Administrative Panel from 1987 to 1989.

Minister of State at the Department of Health
The Minister of State at the Department of Health is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Health of the Government of Ireland who may perform functions delegated by the Minister for Health. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank.

As of January 2025, there are three Ministers of State:

Mary Butler, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for mental health. Butler is also Government Chief Whip;

Jennifer Murnane O'Connor, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for public health, well-being and drugs; and

Kieran O'Donnell, TD – Minister of State with responsibility for older people.
Batu Kawan
Batu Kawan is an island & newly developing suburb of Seberang Perai in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is geographically separated from the rest of Seberang Perai by the Jawi and Tengah rivers. As of 2020, Batu Kawan contained a population of 11,409.

Long considered a quiet agricultural backwater, Batu Kawan is undergoing rapid development, which was sparked by the completion of the Second Penang Bridge that connects the town with Batu Maung on Penang Island in 2014. A host of multinational firms, including Boston Scientific, Western Digital Corporation, Bose Corporation, Dexcom and Bosch, have set up manufacturing plants within the Batu Kawan Industrial Park. In addition, Batu Kawan is home to Design Village, Malaysia's largest outlet mall.

Among the ongoing developments within Batu Kawan are an IKEA store, Aspen Vision City and Utropolis, the latter of which is expected to serve as a hub for tertiary education.

Western Digital
Western Digital Corporation, doing business as WD, is an American data storage company headquartered in San Jose, California. Established in 1970, the company is one of the world's largest manufacturers of hard disk drives (HDDs).
Geology of Tyne and Wear
This article describes the geology of the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear in northeast England. It includes the cities of Newcastle upon Tyne and Sunderland and the modern metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside. Prior to 1974 that part of the county north of the River Tyne was a part of the historic county of Northumberland whilst that to the south was a part of County Durham

The geology of Tyne and Wear in northeast England largely consists of a suite of sedimentary rocks dating from the Carboniferous and Permian periods into which were intruded igneous dykes during the later Palaeogene Period.

River Tyne
The River Tyne /ˈtaɪn/ ⓘ is a river in North East England. Its length (excluding tributaries) is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

The Tyne Rivers Trust measure the whole Tyne catchment as 2,936 km2 (1,134 square miles), containing 4,399 km (2,733 miles) of waterways.