hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013 Milano–Torino
The 2013 Milano–Torino was the 94th edition of the Milano–Torino single-day cycling race. It was held on 2 October 2013, over a distance of 193 km, starting near Milan in Settimo Milanese and ending near Turin on the Colle di Superga ("Superga Hill").

Diego Ulissi of Lampre-Merida, who was second in the 2012 edition, won the race, Team Saxo-Tinkoff's Rafał Majka was second and Daniel Moreno (Team Katusha) completed the podium. The Italian rider attacked on the final climb together with Alberto Contador (2012 winner), Alejandro Valverde, Rafał Majka, Domenico Pozzovivo and Daniel Moreno, waiting the last 250 m to sprint to victory.

2012 Milano–Torino
The 2012 Milano–Torino was the 93rd edition of the Milano–Torino single-day cycling race. It was held on 26 September 2012, over a distance of 193 km, starting near Milan in Novate Milanese and ending near Turin on the Colle di Superga ("Superga Hill").

Team Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank rider Alberto Contador (winner of 2012 Vuelta a España) won the race, having attacked on the final climb to Basilica di Superga, winning a "classic" for the first time in his professional career. Diego Ulissi of Lampre–ISD was second and Astana's Fredrik Kessiakoff completed the podium.
Mason Lino
Mason Lino (born 4 February 1994) is a Samoan professional rugby league footballer who plays as a scrum-half and stand-off for Wakefield Trinity in the Super League and Samoa at the international level.

He previously played for the New Zealand Warriors and the Newcastle Knights in the NRL.

Samoa national rugby league team
The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has participated in international competition since 1986. Known as Western Samoa before 1997, the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa (English: Samoan Warriors).
Born in a Storm
Born In a Storm is the debut studio album by Dutch singer-songwriter Douwe Bob. It was released in the Netherlands on 3 May 2013, through Rodeomedia.nl. The album has peaked to number 7 on the Dutch Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "Multicoloured Angels", "Stone Into the River" and "You Don't Have to Stay".

Dutch Charts
Dutch Charts, GfK Dutch Charts, MegaCharts is a chart company responsible for producing a number of official charts in the Netherlands, of which the Single Top 100 and the Album Top 100 are the most known ones. It is owned by German market research company GfK, a subsidiary of NIQ.
State Security Council
The State Security Council (SSC) was formed in South Africa in 1972 to advise the government on the country's national policy and strategy concerning security, its implementation and determining security priorities. Its role changed through the prime ministerships of John Vorster and PW Botha (later State President), being little used during the former's and during the latter's, controlling all aspects of South African public's lives by becoming the Cabinet. During those years he would implement a Total National Strategy, Total Counter-revolutionary Strategy and finally in the mid-eighties, established the National Security Management System (NSMS). After FW de Klerk's rise to the role of State President, the Cabinet would eventually regain control of the management of the country. After the 1994 elections a committee called National Intelligence Co-ordinating Committee was formed to advise the South African president on security and intelligence as well as its implementation.

South African Defence Force
The South African Defence Force (SADF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag) comprised the armed forces of South Africa from 1957 until 1994. Shortly before the state reconstituted itself as a republic in 1961, the former Union Defence Force was officially succeeded by the SADF, which was established by the Defence Act (No. 44) of 1957. The SADF, in turn, was superseded by the South African National Defence Force in 1994.
Colin Prescod
Colin Prescod (born 1944) is a British sociologist and cultural activist, originally from Trinidad, who in a career spanning five decades has worked as an academic, documentary filmmaker, theatre maker, and BBC Television commissioning editor, as well as being involved with many cultural and community projects. He is chair of the London-based Institute of Race Relations and a member of the editorial working committee of the international journal Race and Class. Other positions in which he has served include as a member of the (London) Mayor's Commission on African and Asian Heritage, on the Greater London Authority's Heritage Diversity Task Force, as founding-Chair (1993–2001) of The Drum Arts Centre in Birmingham, and Chair of the Association for Cultural Advancement through Visual Art, London.

Race & Class
Race & Class is a peer-reviewed academic journal on contemporary racism and imperialism. It is published quarterly by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Institute of Race Relations and is interdisciplinary, publishing material across the humanities and social sciences.
Raymond Rougeau
Raymond Rougeau (born February 18, 1955) is a Canadian politician, former professional wrestler and French language commentator. He most notably worked for the World Wrestling Federation between 1986 and 2002, firstly as one of The Fabulous Rougeaus, and has been the mayor of Rawdon, Quebec, since 2021.

PCO (wrestler)
Carl Ouellet (born December 30, 1967) is a Canadian professional wrestler better known by his ring name PCO. He is known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (as Pierre and Jean-Pierre LaFitte) and with World Championship Wrestling (under his real name) during the 1990s. Throughout the 1990s, he regularly teamed with Jacques Rougeau as the Quebecers and the Amazing French Canadians, winning the WWF Tag Team Championship on three occasions. After retiring in 2011, Ouellet returned to the ring in 2016, undergoing a career renaissance with the gimmick of PCO: "part beast-turned-man, part old-time strongman". From 2018 to 2021, Ouellet wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH), where he was a ROH World Champion, ROH World Tag Team Champion, and ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champion. He joined TNA in 2022, winning the TNA Digital Media Championship before departing at the end of 2024.
Absolute Duo
Absolute Duo (Japanese: アブソリュート・デュオ, Hepburn: Abusoryūto Duo) is a Japanese light novel series by Takumi Hiiragiboshi with illustrations by Yū Asaba. Media Factory has published eleven volumes since 2012 under their MF Bunko J imprint. It has received two manga adaptations. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Eight Bit aired between January 4 and March 22, 2015.

MF Bunko J
MF Bunko J (MF文庫J) is a publishing label affiliated with the Japanese publishing company Media Factory. It was established in July 2002 and is a light novel label that is aimed at young men with a focus on visual novel-style plots and harem romantic comedies.
Silver-breasted broadbill
The silver-breasted broadbill (Serilophus lunatus) is a species of bird in the broadbill family, Eurylaimidae that is found in parts of Southeast Asia. There are seven currently recognised subspecies; the other species in the genus Serilophus, the grey-lored broadbill, was also previously treated as being a subspecies of this species.

Grey-lored broadbill
The grey-lored broadbill (Serilophus rubropygius) is a species of bird in the broadbill family, Eurylaimidae. It is found in Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, and Myanmar. It was previously also found in Nepal, but is now likely extinct there.
Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth
Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth is a 2018 art book exploring images of the artwork, illustrations, maps, letters and manuscripts of J. R. R. Tolkien. The book was written by Catherine McIlwaine, Tolkien archivist at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. It was timed to coincide with an exhibition of the same name, also curated by McIlwaine.

The book documents Tolkien's creative processes behind his Middle-earth books with essays by Tolkien scholars and a catalogue of his artworks, each image accompanied by a descriptive and historical text. With some 300 illustrations, mainly in double-page spreads of image and text, the book draws on the collection at the Bodleian Library, Marquette University, and private collections.

The book and exhibition have been widely admired by commentators. In 2019, McIlwaine won a World Fantasy Special Award—Professional for curating the exhibition, and both a Hugo Award for Best Art Book and a Tolkien Society Award for the book.

Tolkien's maps
J. R. R. Tolkien's maps, depicting his fictional Middle-earth and other places in his legendarium, helped him with plot development, guided the reader through his often complex stories, and contributed to the impression of depth and worldbuilding in his writings.

Tolkien stated that he began with maps and developed his plots from them, but that he also wanted his maps to be picturesque. Later fantasy writers also often include maps in their novels.

The publisher Allen & Unwin commissioned Pauline Baynes to paint a map of Middle-earth, based on Tolkien's draft maps and his annotations; it became iconic. A later redrafting of the maps by the publisher HarperCollins however made the maps look what the J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia called "bland, modern, professional", losing the hand-drawn feeling of Tolkien's maps.
2018 Asian Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2018 Asian Women's Volleyball Cup, so-called 2018 AVC Cup for Women was the sixth edition of the Asian Cup, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) with Thailand Volleyball Association (TVA). The tournament was held in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand from 16 to 23 September 2018.

As hosts, Thailand automatically qualified for the tournament, while the remaining 9 teams, qualified from the 2017 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship in Biñan and Muntinlupa, Philippines.

Asian Volleyball Confederation
The Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) is one of five continental governing bodies in volleyball. It governs indoor volleyball, beach volleyball, and other disciplines in Asia and Oceania, excluding the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey, as well as the West Asian countries of Armenia, Cyprus, and Israel. The AVC consists of 65 national association members.

The AVC consists of the national volleyball federations of Asia and Oceania, and club competitions including the Asian Volleyball Championships, Nations Cup, and Champions League, and also controls the prize money, regulations, as well as media rights to those competitions.

Masaichi Nishikawa acted as the first president. The current president is Ramon Suzara, a Philippine National Volleyball Federation president, who was elected as AVC's ninth president at the 25th AVC General Assembly in Bangkok in August 2024.
Iloikop wars
The Iloikop wars were a series of wars between the Maasai and a community referred to as Kwavi and later between Maasai and alliance of reformed Kwavi communities. These were pastoral communities that occupied large tracts of East Africa's savannas during the late 18th and 19th centuries. These wars occurred between c.1830 and 1880.

For these communities, a delicate balance existed between the amount of pasture land required for successful pastoralism and the number of men and animals available to exploit it effectively. It has been suggested that the Iloikop wars resulted  from demographic pressure within these societies leading to congestion and conflict.

The Iloikop wars ended in the 1870s with the defeat and dispersal of the Laikipiak. However, the new territory acquired by the Maasai was vast and left them overextended thus unable to occupy it effectively.

Maasai people
The Maasai (/ˈmɑːsaɪ, mɑːˈsaɪ/) are an Eastern Nilotic ethnic group native to northern, central and southern regions of Kenya including northern Tanzania, near the African Great Lakes region. Their native language is the Maasai language, a Nilotic language related to Dinka, Kalenjin and Nuer. A branch within the broader Nilo-Saharan language family. Except for some elders living in rural areas, most Maasai people speak the official languages of Kenya and Tanzania—Swahili and English.

The Maasai population has been reported as numbering 1,189,522 in Kenya in the 2019 census compared to 377,089 in the 1989 census.
Qarawat Bani Hassan
Qarawat Bani Hassan (Arabic: قراوة بني حسان) is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate of the state of Palestine, 30 kilometers southwest of Nablus and 8 kilometers northwest of Salfit in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 5,513 in 2017.

Its total land area is 9,684 dunams, of which 507 dunams is built-up area. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, 10.7% of its municipal jurisdiction is under the civil administration of the Palestinian National Authority and the security of Israel, while 89.2% is under complete Israeli control.

Salfit
32°04′55″N 35°10′56″E﻿ / ﻿32.08194°N 35.18222°E﻿ / 32.08194; 35.18222

Salfit (Arabic: سلفيت, romanized: Salfīt) is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Salfit Governorate. It is located adjacent to the Israeli settlement of Ariel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Salfit had a population of 10,911 in 2017. Since the 1995 Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Salfit, located in Area A, has been administered by the Palestinian National Authority, while continuing under Israeli military occupation.
Kylie Minogue's 2009 North American tour
In 2009, Australian singer Kylie Minogue embarked on her first concert tour of North America, her eleventh concert tour at that point in her career. The tour took place following the release of her tenth studio album X (2007), and featured new material from her then-upcoming eleventh studio album, Aphrodite (2010).

Minogue had initially given the tour the working title For You, For Me upon its announcement; however, this name was not retained, with certain promotional materials later referencing the tour as KylieUSA2009. The nine-date mini-tour began on 30 September 2009 at the Fox Theatre in Oakland, California, and concluded on 13 October 2009 in New York City, after three nights at the famed Hammerstein Ballroom. The tour and concerts received favourable reviews from music critics, and grossed over US$3 million (or roughly $4.5 million in 2026).

Fox Oakland Theatre
The Fox Oakland Theatre is a 2,800-seat concert hall, a former movie theater, located at 1807 Telegraph Avenue in Downtown Oakland. It originally opened in 1928, running films until 1970. Designed by Weeks and Day, the theatre is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was refurbished in the 2000s and reopened as a concert venue on February 5, 2009.
Claudiu Târziu
Claudiu Richard Târziu (born 20 February 1973) is a Romanian right-wing politician and journalist. Together with George Simion, he was the co-president of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), a political party in Romania that gained popularity after its unexpected high score in the 2020 Romanian legislative election, until 27 March 2022, when Simion was elected as the party's sole president. Târziu remained a member of the party, being the president of its National Leadership Council (CNC), until his departure from AUR on 9 April 2025. On 7 May that year, he became the president of the newly-founded Conservative Action (ACT) party.

2020 Romanian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 6 December 2020 to elect the 136 members of the Senate and the 330 constituent members of the Chamber of Deputies.

While the Social Democratic Party (PSD) remained the largest political party in the Parliament, its popular vote share dropped considerably, by a third. The elections resulted in a centre-right coalition government was formed by the National Liberal Party (PNL), USR PLUS, and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) (i.e. the former Cîțu Cabinet) with former Minister of Public Finance and former PNL president Florin Cîțu as Prime Minister.

The final voter turnout was approximately 32%, the lowest since the end of the communist era in Romania, partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.
East Zenati languages
The East Zenati languages (Blench, 2006) or Tunisian and Zuwara (Kossmann, 2013) are a group of the Zenati Berber dialects spoken in Tunisia and Libya.

Maarten Kossmann considers the easternmost varieties of Zenati dialects as transitional to Eastern Berber, but they are quite different from the neighboring Nafusi.

According to Kossmann, the dialect cluster of Tunisian Berber and Zuwara is consisting of the varieties spoken in mainland Tunisia (Sened (extinct), Matmata and Douiret), Jerba and Zuwara, but not Nafusi which is considered a dialect of Eastern Berber.

Before Kossmann, Roger Blench (2006) considered East Zanati to be a dialect cluster consisting of Sened (extinct, including Tmagurt), Djerbi, Matmata (Tamezret, Zrawa & Taujjut), and Nafusi.

Nafusi language
Nafusi (also spelt Nefusi; in Nafusi: Ažbali / Maziɣ / Mazoɣ or Tanfust) is a Berber language spoken in the Nafusa Mountains (Adrar 'n Infusen), a large area in northwestern Libya. Its primary speakers are the Ibadi Muslim communities around Jadu, Nalut (Lalut) and Yafran.

The dialect of Yefren in the east differs somewhat from that of Nalut and Jadu in the west. Old Nafusi phrases appear in Ibadite manuscripts as early as the 12th century.

The dialect of Jadu is described in some detail in Beguinot (1931). Motylinski (1898) describes the dialect of Jadu and Nalut as spoken by a student from Yefren.

Nafusi shares several innovations with the Zenati languages, but unlike these Berber varieties, it maintains prefix vowels before open syllables. For example, ufəs "hand" < *afus, rather than Zenati fus. It appears especially closely related to Sokni and Siwi to its east.
Orfeur Cavenagh
General Sir Orfeur Cavenagh KCSI (8 October 1820 – 3 July 1891) was the last Governor of the Straits Settlements to be appointed by the East India Company, governing from 1859 to 1867 under the India Office.

India Office
The India Office was a British government department in London established in 1858 to oversee the administration of crown rule in India and its presidencies and provinces, through the British viceroy and other officials. The administered territories comprised most of the modern-day nations of the Indian Subcontinent as well as Yemen and other territories around the Indian Ocean. The India Office was headed by the Secretary of State for India, a member of the British cabinet, who was formally advised by the Council of India.

Upon the independence of India in 1947 into the new independent dominions of India and Pakistan, the India Office was closed down.  Responsibility for the United Kingdom's relations with the new countries was transferred to the Commonwealth Relations Office (formerly the Dominions Office).
Transmittance
Electromagnetic radiation can be affected in several ways by the medium in which it propagates.  It can be scattered, absorbed, and reflected and refracted at discontinuities in the medium.  This page is an overview of the last 3.  The transmittance of a material and any surfaces is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy; the fraction of the initial (incident) radiation which propagates to a location of interest (often an observation location). This may be described by the transmission coefficient.

Radiant flux
In radiometry, radiant flux or radiant power is the radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received per unit time, and spectral flux or spectral power is the radiant flux per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiant flux is the watt (W), one joule per second (J/s), while that of spectral flux in frequency is the watt per hertz (W/Hz) and that of spectral flux in wavelength is the watt per metre (W/m)—commonly the watt per nanometre (W/nm).
Jacob Bayley
Jacob Bayley (July 19, 1726 – March 1, 1815) was an officer, first serving with the British in the French and Indian War, then later as a brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

After the French and Indian War, Bayley was one of the founders of Newbury, Vermont, and Haverhill, New Hampshire, He became wealthy from the proprietorship thereof, but during the Revolutionary War he paid for military expenses and soldiers' pay out of his own pocket, for which he was never compensated, and he died an impoverished man.

Haverhill, New Hampshire
Haverhill is a town and the seat of Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,585 at the 2020 census. Haverhill includes the villages of Woodsville, Pike, and North Haverhill, the historic town center at Haverhill Corner, and the district of Mountain Lakes. Located here are Bedell Bridge State Park, Black Mountain State Forest, Kinder Memorial Forest, and Oliverian Valley Wildlife Preserve. It is home to the annual North Haverhill Fair.
John Halls
John Halls (born 14 February 1982) is a model and former English footballer.

Halls began his career with Arsenal making three appearances in the League Cup for the "Gunners" before spending time out on loan at Colchester United, Belgian club Beveren and Stoke City. He joined Stoke on a permanent basis in December 2003 and became a regular in the side. He left for Reading in January after rejecting a new contract with Stoke but he struggled to force his way into a Reading side who were well on their way to gaining promotion to the Premier League and despite spending three season at the Madjeski Stadium Halls managed just eight appearances and spent time on loan at Preston North End, Crystal Palace and Sheffield United. He then played for lower league sides Brentford, Aldershot Town and Wycombe Wanderers. After leaving Wycombe in May 2012 Halls decided to retire and set up his own male fashion business. Halls currently models for Next Models.

Madejski Stadium
The Madejski Stadium (/məˈdeɪski/), currently known as the Select Car Leasing Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Reading, Berkshire, England. It is the home of Reading Football Club, who play in EFL League One. It also provides the finish for the Reading Half Marathon. It is an all-seater bowl stadium with a capacity of 24,161 and is located close to the M4 motorway and Reading Green Park railway station. The West Stand contains the Voco Reading Hotel.

The stadium was opened on 22 August 1998 and replaced Elm Park as Reading's home ground. It was named after John Madejski, who was chairman of Reading FC and provided most of the funding.
Retroaortic lymph nodes
The retroaortic lymph nodes (or postaortic lymph nodes) are placed below the cisterna chyli, on the bodies of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae.

They receive lymphatic trunks from the lateral and preaortic glands, while their efferents end in the cisterna chyli.

Cisterna chyli
The cisterna chyli or receptaculum chyli (chy·li pronounced: ˈkī-ˌlī) is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct in most mammals into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. It receives fatty chyle from the intestines and thus acts as a conduit for the lipid products of digestion. It is the most common drainage trunk of most of the body's lymphatics. The cisterna chyli is a retroperitoneal structure.