hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Galston
Arthur W. Galston (April 21, 1920 – June 15, 2008) was an American plant physiologist and bioethicist. As a plant biologist, Galston studied plant hormones and the effects of light on plant development, particularly phototropism. He identified riboflavin and other flavins as what are called phototropins, photoreceptor proteins for phototropism (the bending of plants toward light), challenging the prevailing view that carotenoids were responsible.

As a graduate student in 1943, Galston studied the use of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) to encourage the flowering of soybeans and noted that high levels had a defoliant effect. The British and U.S. military later developed TIBA into Agent Orange which was employed extensively in Malaya and Vietnam. Galston became a bioethicist, and spoke out against such uses of science. As chairman of Yale's botany department, Galston's ethical objections led President Nixon to end the use of Agent Orange.

Photoreceptor protein
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria. They mediate light responses as varied as visual perception, phototropism and phototaxis, as well as responses to light-dark cycles such as circadian rhythm and other photoperiodisms including control of flowering times in plants and mating seasons in animals.
Tanzania pusillus
Tanzania pusillus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Tanzania that lives in the country Tanzania. First described in 2000 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith, the species was originally known as Lilliput pusillus but was renamed in 2008. it is a very small spider, which is recalled in its species name, a Latin word meaning diminutive, with a carapace and abdomen between 0.8 and 0.9 mm (0.03 and 0.04 in) long. The spider is generally yellow apart from the dark brown eye field and grey top to its abdomen. The spider's legs are also yellow with black rings around their different segments. Its pedipalps are yellow and spinnerets are grey.The male has distinctive copulatory organs with a distinctive embolus that is shaped like a corkscrew. The female has not been described.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Pitt Ohio Express
Pitt Ohio Express, LLC, stylized PITT OHIO, is a privately owned transportation and supply chain management company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania that serves the Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern US. Pitt Ohio ranked 48th on Transport Topics Top 100 For-Hire list and 14th on its Top Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Carriers list of US and Canadian freight carriers by revenue for 2021.

American Trucking Associations
The American Trucking Associations (ATA), founded in 1933, is the largest national trade association for the trucking industry. ATA represents more than 37,000 members covering every type of motor carrier in the United States through a federation of other trucking groups, industry-related conferences, and its 50 affiliated state trucking associations. Former Governor of Kansas Bill Graves was replaced by Chris Spear as the ATA's president and CEO in July 2016.

According to its website the ATA's mission is to "develop, advocate, and advance innovative research-based policies that promote highway safety, security, environmental sustainability and profitability."
Gary Paulsen
Gary James Paulsen (May 17, 1939 – October 13, 2021) was an American writer of children's and young adult fiction, best known for coming-of-age stories about the wilderness. He was the author of more than 200 books and wrote more than 200 magazine articles and short stories, and several plays, all primarily for teenagers. He won the Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association in 1997 for his lifetime contribution in writing for teens.

Margaret A. Edwards Award
The Margaret A. Edwards Award is an American Library Association (ALA) literary award that annually recognizes an author and "a specific body of his or her work, for significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature". It is named after Margaret A. Edwards (1902–1988), the longtime director of young adult services at Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore.

The award was inaugurated in 1988 as the biennial "School Library Journal Young Adult Author Award/Selected and Administered by the American Library Association's Young Adult Services Division". After 1990, it was renamed and made annual. It continues to be sponsored by School Library Journal and administered by the Young Adult Library Services Association, descendant of YASD. The winner is announced during the ALA midwinter meeting and the citation and $2000 cash prize are presented at a luncheon during the ALA annual conference (June 27 – July 2 in 2013).
Jesse Taylor
Jesse Taylor (born January 2, 1983) is an American professional mixed martial arts (MMA) and 10th Planet Brazilian Jiu Jitsu black belt fighter who last competed in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor from 2006 to 2023, he was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter 7, winning his entry, preliminary, quarterfinal and semi-final matches, and then became infamous for being the only fighter to ever be removed from finals due to events that occurred after filming was completed. Taylor later won The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Welterweight Tournament, and has also fought for top promotions such as UFC, Strikeforce, DREAM, MFC, AFC, Impact FC, Shark Fights, Cage Warriors and Absolute Championship Berkut.

Maximum Fighting Championship
Maximum Fighting Championship was a Canadian mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion based in Edmonton, Alberta. MFC events were broadcast on The Fight Network, AXS TV (formerly HDnet) in North America and most recently TSN2. FC’s former home, in Canada, is the River Cree Resort and Casino in Enoch, Alberta, located just outside Edmonton, Alberta, but has also held events at the Edmonton Expo Centre.
Martini Rey
Geri Martini Veliganio Rey (born 13 June 1999) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Philippines Football League club Kaya–Iloilo. He has also represented the Philippines at the under-19 and under-23 levels internationally.

Philippines national under-23 football team
The Philippines national under-23 football team represents the Philippines in international football competitions in the Olympic Games, Asian Games, Southeast Asian Games and any other under-23 international football tournaments.  It is controlled by the Philippine Football Federation, the governing body of football in the country.

Their best finish in the ASEAN U-23 Championship is in 2025, when they reached the semifinals.

At the SEA Games, the team has achieved its best finish in the 2025 edition in Thailand by advancing to the semifinals. This at least matched the finishing of the senior team in the 1991 SEA Games.
323rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 323rd Infantry Division (German: 323. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Heer during World War II. It was formed in 1940, sent to the Eastern Front in 1942, and dissolved after heavy casualties in 1943. The remnants of the division were briefly grouped into the Division Group 323, which was eventually folded into the 88th Infantry Division in May 1944.

88th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 88th Infantry Division (German: 88. Infanterie-Division) was a major fighting formation of the German Army (Wehrmacht). It was created in December 1939, and first saw combat in the Battle of France, and was then posted to security duties. From December 1941, the division was shifted to the southern sector of the Eastern Front, where it fought until February 1944 when it was encircled near Cherkassy and virtually destroyed.
Augusto Mendes
Augusto Mendes (born March 3, 1983) is a Brazilian former professional mixed martial artist and Brazilian jiu jitsu practitioner. He was signed to the Absolute Championship Berkut. He was the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation Black Belt World (IBJJF World) 70 kg champion (2013), International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation World Nogi (IBJJF World No-Gi) 73.5 kg champion in 2012 and 2015 and UAEJJF Abu Dhabi World Pro Champion in 2011 and 2013.

World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship
The World IBJJF Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship is a no-gi Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) tournament hosted annually by the IBJJF commonly held at California State University in Long Beach, California. It was most recently held December 11-14, 2024 in Las Vegas at the Las Vegas Convention Center.
The Cove, Penang
The Cove is a residential complex within George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. Located at the suburb of Tanjong Bungah, it consists of Towers A, B, C and D.

All four blocks were developed by City Associates Group, a local private limited firm.

Tanjong Bungah
Tanjong Bungah is a suburb of George Town in the Malaysian state of Penang. It is located along the northern coast of Penang Island between Batu Ferringhi and Tanjong Tokong, about 6.5 km (4.0 mi) northwest of the city centre.

Tanjong Bungah is locally known as a beach destination, with several hotels and resorts lining the beaches within the area. Decades of urbanisation have also led to the mushrooming of residential high-rises at the suburb and attracted a significant expatriate population; foreigners made up 9.2% of Tanjong Bungah's population as of 2020.
Genus (linguistics)
In linguistics, a genus is a group of phylogenetically related languages inside a linguistic family, in particular a genus is a group of  languages which can be recognized as related languages without using complex methods of historical linguistics. The notion of genus was proposed by M. Dryer, and is used commonly in some academic projects such as WALS. According to WALS most families can be subdivided into a certain number of genera, so the notion is similar to the term subfamily.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Logistics Vehicle System Replacement
The Logistic Vehicle System Replacement (LVSR) is a family of heavy-duty military logistics  vehicles of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) based on a common 5-axle ten-wheel drive (10x10) chassis. The vehicles vary in individual configuration by mission requirements, with three variants in service: a cargo, a wrecker and a tractor truck. The LVSR was designed and is manufactured by Oshkosh Defense.

The first LVSRs were ordered in 2006. The LVSR is the USMC's equivalent of the U.S. Army’s Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) and Palletized Load System (PLS). The Marines do not use the HEMTT or PLS and the Army does not use the LVSR, but both services use a common trailer (M1076) with all three truck types.

Tow truck
A tow truck (also called a wrecker, a breakdown truck, recovery vehicle or a breakdown lorry) is a truck used to move disabled, improperly parked, impounded, or otherwise indisposed motor vehicles. This may involve recovering a vehicle damaged in an accident, returning one to a drivable surface in a mishap or inclement weather, or towing or transporting one via flatbed to a repair shop or other location. They're part of Earth's infrastructure, helping with breakdowns, accidents, and moving vehicles.

Tow trucks are specially designed to haul vehicles of various sizes, including those as large as semi-trailer trucks. They are different from car carrier trailers, which are intended for the routine transport of multiple new or used vehicles rather than emergency recovery or roadside assistance.
Born to Fight (1989 film)
Born to Fight (Italian: Nato per combattere) is a 1989 action film, starring Brent Huff, John van Dreelen, Werner Pochath and Mary Stavin. The film was shot in the Philippines due to low budget in 1988 and is the third time − after Strike Commando 2 (1988) and Cop Game (1988) − when Brent Huff worked with director Bruno Mattei.

Werner Pochath
Werner Pochath (29 September 1939 – 18 April 1993) was an Austrian film actor. He worked in Germany, Italy and the United States, and then in the 1980s he began a second career as a Hollywood agent.
He had been the partner of the ballet director of the Hamburg State Opera, John Neumeier.

In 2019, director Alexander Wank made a documentary about Werner called Werner Pochath, Mr Nice Guy.
Abstract interpretation
In computer science, abstract interpretation is a theory of sound approximation of the semantics of computer programs, based on monotonic functions over ordered sets, especially lattices. It can be viewed as a partial execution of a computer program which gains information about its semantics (e.g., control-flow, data-flow) without performing all the calculations.

Its main concrete application is formal static analysis, the automatic extraction of information about the possible executions of computer programs; such analyses have two main usages:

inside compilers, to analyse programs to decide whether certain optimizations or transformations are applicable;

for debugging or even the certification of programs against classes of bugs.

Abstract interpretation was formalized by the French computer scientist working couple Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot in the late 1970s.

Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partial order on a set is an arrangement such that, for certain pairs of elements, one precedes the other. The word partial is used to indicate that not every pair of elements needs to be comparable; that is, there may be pairs for which neither element precedes the other. Partial orders thus generalize total orders, in which every pair is comparable.

Formally, a partial order is a homogeneous binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair  consisting of a set  (called the ground set of ) and a partial order  on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set  itself is sometimes called a poset.
Kate Deines
Kathleen Ann Deines (born September 17, 1989) is an American soccer midfielder–defender. She most recently played for Turbine Potsdam in the German Bundesliga and Seattle Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League. Deines was a fourth round pick (23rd overall) of the Atlanta Beat of Women's Professional Soccer in the 2012 WPS Draft of college seniors on January 13, 2012.  The WPS Board of Governors voted to suspend the 2012 season on January 30 citing pending legal issues.  Subsequently, she was free to sign with other teams and rejoined the Seattle Sounders Women, the organization she had previously played for from 2007 to 2009. After the formation of the National Women's Soccer League in late 2012, Deines played for the Seattle Reign during the league's first two seasons. She was traded to FC Kansas City in late 2014 but announced her retirement from professional soccer on March 31, 2015, before the 2015 season began.

Women's Professional Soccer
Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) was the top-level professional women's soccer league in the United States. It began play on March 29, 2009. The league was composed of seven teams for its first two seasons and fielded six teams for the 2011 season, with continued plans for future expansion. The WPS was the highest level in the United States soccer pyramid for the women's game.

On January 30, 2012, the league announced suspension of the 2012 season, citing several internal organization struggles as the primary cause. Some of these issues included an ongoing legal battle with magicJack owner Dan Borislow and the lack of resources invested into the league. On May 18, 2012, WPS announced the league folded and would not return in 2013. After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League formed in 2013 and took WPS's place as the top professional women's soccer league in the United States.
Naomi Nari Nam
Naomi Nari Nam (born July 6, 1985) is an American former competitive figure skater who competed in both single skating and pair skating. As a single skater, she was the 1999 U.S. national silver medalist. As a pair skater, she was the 2006 Skate America bronze medalist and 2007 U.S. national bronze medalist with Themistocles Leftheris.

2007 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2007 U.S. Figure Skating Championships took place between January 21 and 28 at the Spokane Arena and the Spokane Convention Center in Spokane, Washington. Skaters competed in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth).

The event was used to determine the U.S. teams for the 2007 World Championships, 2007 Four Continents Championships, and 2007 World Junior Championships.

The event was later named the Sports Event of the Year by Sports Travel Magazine.
Su Yiran
Su Yiran (Chinese: 苏毅然; 5 November 1918 – 7 June 2021) was a Chinese revolutionary and politician. He served as party secretary of Shandong from 1982 to 1985, and governor of Shandong from 1979 to 1982. He was a member of the 11th and 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

Governor of Shandong
The governor of Shandong, officially the Governor of the Shandong Provincial People's Government, is the head of the Shandong Provincial People's Government. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Shandong Committee.
Alcoholic polyneuropathy
Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously. It is defined by axonal degeneration in neurons of both the sensory and motor systems and initially occurs at the distal ends of the longest axons in the body. This nerve damage causes an individual to experience pain and motor weakness, first in the feet and hands and then progressing centrally. Alcoholic polyneuropathy is caused primarily by chronic alcoholism; however, vitamin deficiencies are also known to contribute to its development. This disease typically occurs in chronic alcoholics who have some sort of nutritional deficiency. Treatment may involve nutritional supplementation, pain management, and abstaining from alcohol.

Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory  information.  A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.  Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, balance and visceral sensation. Sense organs are transducers that convert data from the outer physical world to the realm of the mind where people interpret the information, creating their perception of the world around them.

The receptive field is the area of the body or environment to which a receptor organ and receptor cells respond. For instance, the part of the world an eye can see, is its receptive field; the light that each rod or cone can see, is its receptive field. Receptive fields have been identified for the visual system, auditory system and somatosensory system.
Kabali (soundtrack)
Kabali is the soundtrack album, composed by Santhosh Narayanan for the 2016 Indian Tamil-language action crime film of the same name written and directed by Pa. Ranjith and produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu, starring Rajinikanth, Radhika Apte and Winston Chao. The soundtrack album featuring five songs with lyrics written by Kabilan, Vivek, Umadevi and Arunraja Kamaraj was released on 12 June 2016, at Chennai and was also released in Telugu, Hindi and Malay languages. Santhosh Narayanan won the Best Music Director Award at the 2017 Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards. Initially, he was nominated for the Best Music Director – Tamil award at the 2017 Filmfare Awards South, along with Arunraja Kamaraj, for Best Lyricist – Tamil, Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil for the song "Neruppu Da". However, Shweta Mohan won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil for "Maya Nadhi".

Kalaipuli S. Thanu
Kalaipuli S. Thanu (pronounced [ðaːnu]) is an Indian film producer and distributor, known for his films in Tamil cinema. He has produced several films through his two companies, V Creations and Kalaipuli Films International. Many of his films have been commercially successful, three of which are among the top-ten highest grossing Tamil films. He has won two National Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards and one Filmfare Awards South.
Darwin Dam
The Darwin Dam is an offstream earthfill embankment saddle dam without a spillway, located in Western Tasmania, Australia. The impounded reservoir, also formed by Crotty Dam, is called Lake Burbury.

The dam was constructed in 1990 by the Hydro Electric Corporation (TAS) for the purpose of generating hydro-electric power via the John Butters Power Station.  It had been known during construction as the Andrew Divide Dam.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.