hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General Galusha Pennypacker Memorial
The General Galusha Pennypacker Memorial is a monument in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the city's Logan Circle, the monument honors Galusha Pennypacker, a Pennsylvanian who served as a general officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Work on the memorial first commenced under sculptor Charles Grafly, though after his death in 1929, work was continued by Albert Laessle, a former student of Grafly, who completed the sculpture in 1934. The overall design for the sculpture depicts Pennypacker in classical dress descending from a stylized cannon that is surrounded by two tigers.

Logan Circle (Philadelphia)
Logan Circle, also known as Logan Square, is an open-space park in Center City Philadelphia's northwest quadrant and one of the five original planned squares laid out on the city grid. The centerpiece of the park is the Logan Circle, a circular area centered on a large water feature, bounded by a traffic circle carrying 19th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway with connections to 18th and 20th streets to the east and west and Race and Vine Streets to the south and north.

The circle exists within the original bounds of the square; the names Logan Square and Logan Circle are used interchangeably when referring to the park. Originally "Northwest Square" in William Penn's 1684 plan for the city, the square was renamed in 1825 after Philadelphia statesman James Logan. The park is the focal point of the eponymous neighborhood.

Logan Square was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.
Benjy F. Brooks
Benjy Frances Brooks (August 10, 1918 – April 2, 1998) was an American pediatric surgeon affiliated with several hospitals in Houston. She was the first woman in the surgery department at Harvard Medical School and the first woman to become a pediatric surgeon in the state of Texas. She founded the pediatric surgery division at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Brooks actively conducted research throughout her career in addition to working as a pediatric surgeon.

Brooks received the Horatio Alger Award in 1983. She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1985. The Benjy Brooks Foundation for Children was erected in her honor by the parents of one of her patients to continue her legacy.  Legislation named after Brooks was passed in Texas in 2018.

Texas Women's Hall of Fame
The Texas Women's Hall of Fame was established in 1984 by the Governor's Commission on Women. The honorees are selected biennially from submissions from the public. The honorees must be either native Texans or a resident of Texas at the time of the nomination.
Franz Beyer (pilot)
Franz Beyer (22 April 1918 – 11 February 1944) was a German Luftwaffe fighter pilot during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Beyer was killed on 11 February near Venlo, the Netherlands after dog-fighting with British Spitfires.  During his career he was credited with 83 aerial victories, 6 on the Western Front and 77 on the Eastern Front. On 1 June 1943, Beyer was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of IV. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3.

Gruppenkommandeur
Gruppenkommandeur is a Luftwaffe position (not rank), that is the equivalent of a commander of a group or wing in other air forces. A Gruppenkommandeur usually has the rank of Major or Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel), and commands a Gruppe, which is a sub-unit of a Geschwader. A Gruppe usually consists of three or four Staffeln (each of which is commanded by a Staffelkapitän).
Bruce Seals
Bruce A. Seals (June 18, 1953 – December 15, 2020) was an American basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Seals was drafted in the first round by the Utah Stars, playing two seasons in the ABA before being selected in the second round of the 1975 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. He played three seasons in the NBA.

Seals' career spanned five seasons, two leagues, primarily at the power forward position. He retired from the NBA in 1978 and went on to play in the Italian League.

In his later years, Seals worked with the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, teaching inner city youth the power of the game. He had been with  Boys and Girls Clubs of Dorchester since 1990.

1977–78 NBA season
The 1977–78 NBA season was the 32nd season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Washington Bullets winning the NBA Championship, beating the Seattle SuperSonics 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.
Choctaw Youth Movement
The Choctaw Youth Movement (CYM) was a Choctaw nationalist grassroots movement born in the late 1960s in response to efforts by the federal government to terminate the Choctaw Nation. It was formed, in part, as a tribal-centric movement to counter the Pan-Indianism of other Native rights groups, such as the American Indian Movement. As opposed to AIM, the Choctaw Youth Movement practiced non-confrontational, peaceful activism, and advocated cultural revitalization and the re-adoption of tribal language, and taking pride in the distinctness of being Choctaw. The defense of the tribal culture and history took precedence over maintaining inter-tribal alliances.

Choctaw
The Choctaw (Choctaw: Chahta Choctaw pronunciation: [tʃahtá(ʔ)]) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, historically based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled primarily in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, and the Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. The Yowani Choctaw, a historic Choctaw band, are federally recognized as a people within the Caddo Nation and are also enrolled as citizens of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes.
Radomir Đalović
Radomir Đalović (Montenegrin: Радомир Ђаловић; born 29 October 1982) is a Montenegrin professional football coach and a former player. He last managed Süper Lig club Kayserispor. In international competitions, he has played 26 matches for the national team of Montenegro.

Montenegro national football team
The Montenegro national football team (Montenegrin: Fudbalska reprezentacija Crne Gore) has represented Montenegro in men's international football since 2007. It is controlled by the Football Association of Montenegro, the governing body for football in Montenegro. Montenegro's home ground is Podgorica City Stadium in Podgorica.

Montenegro is one of the world's youngest international teams, having joined FIFA and UEFA in 2007 following the 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum. The team played its first official international match against Hungary in March 2007.
Polly Bemis House
Polly Bemis House was the home of Charles Bemis and his wife Polly Bemis, two pioneers to Idaho County, Idaho, United States, who lived alongside the Salmon River in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Polly was a Chinese American former teenage slave whose story became a biographical novel and was fictionalized in the 1991 film A Thousand Pieces of Gold.

Thousand Pieces of Gold
Thousand Pieces of Gold  is a 1981 historical novel by Ruthanne Lum McCunn and based on the life of Polly Bemis, a 19th-century Chinese immigrant woman in the American Old West. In 1991, the novel was adapted into a film of the same name.
Claude Alvares
Claude Alphonso Alvares (born 1947 or 1948) is an Indian environmentalist based in Goa. He is the editor of the Other India Press and Director of the Goa Foundation, an environmental monitoring action group that has filed successful public interest litigation cases. Alvares is a member of the Goa Coastal Zone Management Authority of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). He is also a member of the Supreme Court Monitoring Committee (SCMC) on Hazardous Wastes constituted by the Supreme Court of India.

Public interest litigation in India
The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is public interest litigation (PIL) or social action litigation (SAL). It refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. It is a relaxation on the traditional rule of locus standi. Before 1980s the judiciary and the Supreme Court of India entertained litigation only from parties affected directly or indirectly by the defendant. It heard and decided cases only under its original and appellate jurisdictions. However, the Supreme Court began permitting cases on the grounds of public interest litigation, which means that even people who are not directly involved in the case may bring matters of public interest to the court. It is the court's privilege to entertain the application for the PIL.
Warszawa Służewiec railway station
Warszawa Służewiec is a railway stop in the city of Warsaw, Poland, on Marynarska Street, operated by the Polish State Railways. It is located at the railway line no. 8, which connects Warszawa Zachodnia (Warsaw West) and Kraków Główny (Kraków Main) railway stations. It operates lines of the Fast Urban Railway and Masovian Railways.

The railway stop is located in the city district of Mokotów, within the City Information System of Służewiec, and the Municipal neighbourhood of Służewiec Południowy.

Warszawa Zachodnia station
Warszawa Zachodnia station, in English Warsaw West, is a railway and long-distance bus station in Warsaw, Poland on the border of Ochota and Wola districts. The railway station is the westernmost terminus of the Warsaw Cross-City Line. It serves trains from PKP Intercity, Polregio, Koleje Mazowieckie, Szybka Kolej Miejska and Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa as well as international trains passing through Warsaw. It is one of the busiest railway stations in Poland, with over 1100 daily trains.

The station has undergone an extensive modernization between 2020 and 2025, the first since its construction in 1936.
MS Europic Ferry
MS Europic Ferry was a roll-on/roll-off car ferry built in 1967 by Swan Hunter for the Atlantic Steam Navigation Company (ASN).  She was acquired by European Ferries in 1971 when they took over the ASN and served with them under the Townsend Thoresen branding.  The Europic Ferry was requisitioned by the British government in April 1982 and transported stores, equipment and troops to the South Atlantic during the Falklands War.  After the war she returned to service  with European Ferries until that company was sold to P&O in 1987.  She was sold again to Namora Shipping in 1993 and served on routes in the Mediterranean until sold for scrapping in 2004.

P&O
P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.
Grandhi Srinivas
Grandhi Srinivas (10 June 1965) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is a two-time member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing Bhimavaram. He won the 2019 election representing YSR Congress Party.

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Manuel Arellano
Manuel Arellano (born 19 June 1957) is a Spanish economist specialising in econometrics and empirical microeconomics. Together with Stephen Bond, he developed the Arellano–Bond estimator, a widely used GMM estimator for panel data. This estimator is based on the earlier article by Arellano's PhD supervisor, John Denis Sargan, and Alok Bhargava (Bhargava and Sargan, 1983). RePEc lists the paper about the Arellano-Bond estimator as the most cited article in economics.

Denis Sargan
John Denis Sargan, FBA (23 August 1924 – 13 April 1996) was a British econometrician who specialized in the analysis of economic time-series.

Sargan was born in Doncaster, Yorkshire in 1924, and was educated at Doncaster Grammar School and St John's College, Cambridge. He made many contributions, notably in instrumental variables estimation, Edgeworth expansions for the distributions of econometric estimators, identification conditions in simultaneous equations models, asymptotic tests for overidentifying restrictions in homoskedastic equations and exact tests for unit roots in autoregressive and moving average models.  At the LSE, Sargan was Professor of Econometrics from 1964–1984. Sargan was President of the Econometric Society, a Fellow of the British Academy  and an (honorary foreign) member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

His influence on econometric methodology is evident in several fields including in the development of Generalized Method of Moments estimators.
León de Febres Cordero
León de Febres Cordero y Oberto (Los Puertos de Altagracia, Captaincy General of Venezuela, 28 June 1797 - Mérida, United States of Venezuela, 7 July 1872) was a Venezuelan Conservative general and politician who participated in the Spanish American wars of independence (1812–1824), the Gran Colombia–Peru War (1829), the Revolution of the Reforms (1835–1836) and the Federal War (1859–1863).

Gran Colombia–Peru War
The Gran Colombian–Peruvian War (Spanish: Guerra grancolombo-peruana) of 1828 and 1829 was the first international conflict fought by the Republic of Peru, which had gained its independence from Spain in 1821, and Gran Colombia, that existed between 1819 and 1830.
Gavin Morrison
Gavin Morrison (born 3 January 1990) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Spartans.

Morrison has formerly played for Inverness, Elgin City, Brora Rangers and Cowdenbeath.

Cowdenbeath F.C.
Cowdenbeath Football Club (/kaʊdənˈbiːθ/ kow-dən-BEETH) is a Scottish semi-professional football team based in Cowdenbeath, Fife. They are members of the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system after their relegation from Scottish League Two on 14 May 2022 following a 4–0 aggregate defeat to Bonnyrigg Rose. Formed in 1881, the club has played at Central Park since 1917. They first joined the Scottish Football League (SFL) in 1905. The club has never won any of the major honours in Scottish football, but have won lower tier divisional titles on five occasions. They competed in the top division of the SFL from 1924 to 1934, but have only completed one further top flight season since, in 1970–71.
William E. Gortney
William Evans "Bill" Gortney (born 25 September 1955) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the sixth commander of United States Northern Command and the 23rd commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). He previously served as the Commander, United States Fleet Forces Command from  14 September 2012 to December 2014 and Director of the Joint Staff from 1 July 2010 to August 2012. Prior to that, he served as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/5th Fleet. He assumed his post as CDRUSNORTHCOM and commander of NORAD on 5 December 2014, and was succeeded by General Lori Robinson on 13 May 2016.

United States Naval Forces Central Command
United States Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) is the United States Navy element of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM). Its area of responsibility includes the Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, and Arabian Sea. It consists of the United States Fifth Fleet and several other subordinate task forces, including Combined Task Force 150, Combined Task Force 158 and others.
Josef Fleckenstein
Josef Fleckenstein (18 February 1919 in Kämmeritz bei Querfurt - 4 November 2004 in Gottingen) was a German historian and essayist. His central field of research was the Middle Ages. He did his doctorate and habilitation with Gerd Tellenbach in Freiburg. From 1962 to 1965 he was a professor at the University of Frankfurt, then from 1965 to 1971 at the University of Freiburg as Tellenbach's successor. From 1971 to 1987 he directed the Max Planck Institute for History in Göttingen.

Gerd Tellenbach
Gerd Tellenbach (17 September 1903 – 12 June 1999) was a German historian and scholar of medieval social and religious history, particularly of the Papacy and German church during the Investiture Controversy and reform movements of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Tellenbach also made groundbreaking contributions to the study of the medieval nobility and helped establish a new field of research dedicated to mapping social networks and familial ties among medieval elites (Personenforschung). After studying history at the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg, he taught in Gießen, Münster, and finally the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg, where he served as Rektor (chancellor) in 1949–1950 and again in 1957–1958. From 1962 to 1971, he was director of the German Historical Institute in Rome, a state-sponsored research center dedicated to German-Italian studies and the history of the Papacy in the Middle Ages.
Hiroaki Tsutsumi
Hiroaki Tsutsumi (Japanese: 堤 博明, Hepburn: Tsutsumi Hiroaki; born June 5, 1985) is a Japanese musician and composer best known for his work on various anime television series. He started his musical career at the age of 14 when he first started playing the guitar. After winning a guitar contest three years later, he decided to become a professional musician and later graduated from Kunitachi College of Music.

In 2013, he was given the role of lead composer for the first time with Hyperdimension Neptunia: The Animation. Since Hyperdimension Neptunia: The Animation, he has composed many series, including Dr. Stone, Jujutsu Kaisen, and Teasing Master Takagi-san.

Kunitachi College of Music
The Kunitachi College of Music (国立音楽大学, Kunitachi Ongaku Daigaku) is a private music conservatory in Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. Founded in 1926 as the Tokyo Conservatory of Music, Kunitachi now offers study programs in performance, music education, composition, computer music, and musicology, for bachelor's degree, post-bachelor's diploma, master's degree, and doctorate. It has signed cooperation agreements with notable music schools around the world, such as Geneva University of Music, California Institute of Arts, among others.
2020–21 Vitória S.C. season
The 2020–21 season was the 98th season in the existence of Vitória S.C. and the club's 14th consecutive season in the top-flight of Portuguese football. In addition to the domestic league, Vitória de Guimarães participated in this season's editions of the Taça de Portugal and the Taça da Liga. The season covers the period from 26 July 2020 to 30 June 2021.

2020–21 Taça de Portugal
The 2020–21 Taça de Portugal (also known as Taça de Portugal Placard for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st edition of the Taça de Portugal, the premier knockout competition in Portuguese football.
A total of 165 clubs compete in this edition, including all teams from the top three tiers of the Portuguese football league system – excluding reserve or B teams, which are not eligible – and representatives of the fourth-tier District leagues and cups.
The competition began on 26 September 2020 with the first-round matches involving teams from the third and fourth tiers, and concluded on 23 May 2021 with the final at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras.

Primeira Liga side Porto were the defending champions and entered the competition in the third round, but they were eliminated by eventual winners Braga in the semi-finals.
Braga beat Benfica 2–0 in the final to win their third title.
Gō (TV series)
Gō: Himetachi no Sengoku (江〜姫たちの戦国〜, lit. "Gō: The princesses' Sengoku) is a 2011 Japanese historical drama television series and the 50th NHK taiga drama. It was written for television by Kumiko Tabuchi, based on her own novel of the same name. The drama stars Juri Ueno in the title role, with Rie Miyazawa and Asami Mizukawa as Cha-cha and Hatsu respectively, the sisters of Gō.

The series was critically panned by viewers for being "dark" and "boring", and it received two Shinchō Razzie Awards for Worst TV Series and Worst Actress (Juri Ueno).

Asami Mizukawa
Asami Mizukawa (水川 あさみ, Mizukawa Asami; born July 24, 1983) is a Japanese actress.

She made her debut in 1996 at age 13 in an advertisement for Asahi Kasei's "Hebel Haus". In 2000, she won the Grand Prix at the “3rd Miss Tokyo Walker” competition (the first winner was Chiaki Kuriyama) and gained the supporting role in the 2002 J-horror film Dark Water. She has since appeared in many films, television dramas, and commercials.
Palmaris longus muscle
The palmaris longus is a muscle visible as a small tendon located between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris, although it is not always present. Reviews report rates of absence in the general population ranging from 10–20%; however, the rate varies in different ethnic groups. Absence of the palmaris longus does not have an effect on grip strength. The lack of palmaris longus muscle does result in decreased pinch strength in fourth and fifth fingers. The absence of palmaris longus muscle is more prevalent in females than males.

The palmaris longus muscle can be observed by touching the pads of the fourth finger and thumb and flexing the wrist. The tendon, if present, will be visible in the midline of the anterior wrist.

Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.