hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stout Metal Airplane
Stout Metal Airplane Division of the Ford Motor Company was an American aircraft manufacturer that was founded by William Bushnell Stout as the Stout Metal Airplane Co. in 1922. The company was purchased by Ford Motor Company in 1924 and later produced the Ford Trimotor. At the height of the Great Depression, Ford closed the aircraft design and production division in 1936, temporarily re-entering the aviation market with the production of the B-24, at the Willow Run aircraft factory during World War II.

Willow Run
Willow Run, also known as Air Force Plant 31, was a manufacturing complex in Michigan, United States, located between Ypsilanti Township and Belleville, built by the Ford Motor Company to manufacture aircraft, especially the Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber. Construction of the Willow Run Bomber Plant began in 1940 and was completed in 1942.
Chakmas of Arunachal Pradesh
Chakmas in Arunachal Pradesh, India are primarily found in three districts: Changlang, Namsai and Papum Pare.

According to the 2011 census, there were 47,073 chakmas in Arunachal Pradesh equivalent to 3.4% of the total states' population.

Papum Pare district
Papum Pare district (Pron:/ˌpæpəm ˈpæɹɪ, ˈpɑ:ɹeɪ/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh (out of 20).
Stephen Ákos
Stephen (I) from the kindred Ákos (Hungarian: Ákos nembeli (I.) István; died 1315) was an influential baron in the Kingdom of Hungary in the late 13th century and the early 14th century. He was born into an ancient Hungarian clan. He was a staunch supporter of Andrew III of Hungary. He served as Judge royal between 1298 and 1300, and Palatine of Hungary from 1301 to 1307.

Establishing a province in Borsod County, he was among the so-called oligarchs, who ruled de facto independently their dominions during the era of feudal anarchy. He built the Diósgyőr Castle, the centre of his domain. Initially, he was a partisan of Wenceslaus after the extinction of the Árpád dynasty, but later acknowledged Charles' claim to the throne and gradually retired from politics. After his death in 1315, his sons rebelled against Charles and their dominion had collapsed in the subsequent years.

Castle of Diósgyőr
The Castle of Diósgyőr is a medieval castle in the historical town of Diósgyőr which is now part of the Northern Hungarian city Miskolc.
The first Castle of Diósgyőr was built probably in the 12th century and was destroyed during the Mongol invasion (1241–42). The current, Gothic castle was built after the invasion and reached the peak of its importance during the reign of King Louis the Great (1342–1382). Later it became a wedding gift for the queens of Hungary, which it remained until the Ottoman invasion of Hungary in the 16th century. By the end of the 17th century it was already in ruins. Archaeological excavations of the site have been made, beginning in the 1960s. In 2014 the castle was restored; the rooms are furnished with Mediaeval-style furniture.
Ché Adams
Ché Zach Everton Fred Adams (born 13 July 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Torino and the Scotland national team.

Adams began his senior career in non-league football with Oadby Town and Ilkeston before moving into the Football League with Sheffield United in late 2014. He made 47 League One appearances before signing for Championship club Birmingham City in August 2016. After three seasons with Birmingham, he moved to Southampton in July 2019.

Adams represented his native England at under-20 level in 2015. He qualifies for Scotland by descent and made his senior debut in 2021. At UEFA Euro 2020 he became the first non-white player to play for Scotland at the finals of a major tournament.

England national under-20 football team
England national under-20 football team, also known as England Under-20s or England U20(s), represents England in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

England were champions of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, after defeating Venezuela in the final of the 2017 tournament.

From October 2023, the squad was rebranded as the England Men's Elite League Squad to reflect their participation in the Under 20 Elite League. This reverted back to England U20s in August 2025.
Pumelele Ndamase
Pumelele Ndamase is a South African politician and former public servant who has represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature since March 2016. He was secretary of the provincial legislature from 2009 to 2014 and before that he represented the ANC as a councillor in the Eastern Cape's OR Tambo District Municipality.

Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
The Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature is the primary legislative body of the South African province of Eastern Cape. It is unicameral in its composition, and elects the premier and the provincial cabinet from among the members of the leading party or coalition in the parliament.

At the commencement of the 7th provincial legislature on 14 June 2024, the number of seats allocated to the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature increased from 63 to 72.
Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council
Silicon Valley Monterey Bay Council (#055) is a Boy Scouts of America council headquartered in San Jose, California. It was the result of a council merger between the Santa Clara County Council and the Monterey Bay Area Council. In 2004, the previous two councils served over 11,000 youth in over 400 Boy Scout troops, Cub Scout packs, Venturing crews, and Explorer posts. In 2012, the Monterey Bay Area Council announced that after 89 years as a separate council, it had agreed to merge back into the Santa Clara County Council. As of 2013, the council served 13,000 youth in four different counties.

Cub Scouts (Scouting America)
Cub Scouts is a Scouting America program available to children from kindergarten through fifth grade (or 5 to 10 years of age) and their families. Its membership is the largest of the five main Scouting America divisions (Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Exploring and Sea Scouting). Cub Scouts is part of the worldwide Scouting movement and aims to promote character development, citizenship training, personal fitness, and leadership. Cub Scouts are organized into local packs where they complete requirements to advance in rank as well as engage in pack events such as the Pinewood Derby.
Pellet (air gun)
A pellet is a non-spherical projectile designed to be fired from an air gun, and an airgun that fires such pellets is commonly known as a pellet gun.  Air gun pellets differ from bullets, shells and shot used in firearms and artillery in terms of the pressures encountered; airguns operate at pressures as low as 50 atmospheres, while firearms and artillery operate at thousands of atmospheres.  Airguns generally use a slightly undersized projectile that is designed to obturate upon shooting so as to seal the bore, and engage the rifling; firearms have sufficient pressure to force a slightly oversized bullet to fit the bore in order to form a tight seal.  Since pellets may be shot through a smoothbore barrel, they are often designed to be inherently stable, much like the Foster slugs used in smoothbore shotguns.

Gun barrel
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns.  It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal, through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end (muzzle) at a high velocity.  The hollow interior of the barrel is called the bore, and the diameter of the bore is called its calibre, usually measured in inches or millimetres.

The first firearms were made at a time when metallurgy was not advanced enough to cast tubes capable of withstanding the explosive forces of early cannons, so the pipe (often built from staves of metal) needed to be braced periodically along its length for structural reinforcement, producing an appearance somewhat reminiscent of storage barrels being stacked together, hence the English name.
Josef Hampl
Josef Hampl (17 April 1932 – 25 March 2019) was a Czech collage artist, painter, sculptor, printmaker and creator of land art projects. He is one of the founders of Czech abstract art. As a world-famous author of the original technique of sewn collages, he is represented in many foreign collections.

Vladimír Boudník
Vladimír Boudník (17 March 1924 – 5 December 1968) was a Czech graphic artist and photographer. He was a key figure in Czech post-war art and a representative of the "explosionism" movement. He is best known for his active and structural graphic art, but also created mostly photographic and monotype works that, until recently, remained unknown.
Scott Fisher (technologist)
Scott Fisher is the Professor and Founding Chair of the Interactive Media Division in the USC School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California, and Director of the Mobile and Environmental Media Lab there. He is an artist and technologist who has worked extensively on virtual reality, including pioneering work at NASA, Atari Research Labs, MIT's Architecture Machine Group (now the MIT Media Lab) and Keio University.

USC School of Cinematic Arts
The USC School of Cinematic Arts is an academic unit of the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles. With a history that dates to the first years of talkies, the school descends from America's first program to confer a college degree in film.  Under a name that directly preceded its present one, it became, in the 1980s, an academic unit of its own, within the university.  Colloquially "SCA" or "the USC film school," it now has several divisions or programs, which treat artistic or business aspects of the creation of motion pictures and related media.
Losheimergraben
Losheimergraben is a hamlet belonging to Manderfeld, which itself is a submunicipality of the Belgian municipality of Büllingen and the German municipality of Hellenthal. It is situated on both sides of the Belgian-German border. The hamlet consists of a few houses and a roundabout where the N626 to Manderfeld and the N632 to Büllingen meet. German Federal Road 265 from Schleiden to Prüm is connected to this roundabout by two connecting roads.

Büllingen
Büllingen (German: [ˈbʏlɪŋən]; French: Bullange [bylɑ̃ʒ] ⓘ) is a municipality of East Belgium, located in the Belgian province of Liège, Wallonia. On January 1, 2006, Büllingen had a total population of 5,385 inhabitants. The total area is 150.49 km2 which gives a population density of 36 inhabitants per km2. The official language of Büllingen is German, but it offers French language facilities to francophones.

Since 1977 Büllingen consists of 27 villages:

Büllingen, Honsfeld, Hünningen, Mürringen

Rocherath, Krinkelt, Wirtzfeld

Manderfeld, Afst, Allmuthen, Andlermühle, Berterath, Buchholz, Eimerscheid, Hasenvenn, Hergersberg, Holzheim, Hüllscheid, Igelmonder Hof, Igelmondermühle, Kehr, Krewinkel, Lanzerath, Losheimergraben, Medendorf, Merlscheid, Weckerath.
Gibraltar Secondary School
Gibraltar Secondary School is a public school in the unincorporated community of Fish Creek, Town of Gibraltar, Door County, Wisconsin, United States. It serves grades 6-12 and is a part of the Gibraltar Area Schools.

It used to be known as Gibraltar High School and served grades 9 through 12.

Door County, Wisconsin
Door County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Its population was 30,066 at the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest city is Sturgeon Bay.

Door County is named after the strait between the Door Peninsula and Washington Island. This dangerous passage, known as Death's Door, contains shipwrecks and was known to Native Americans and early French explorers. The county was created in 1851 and organized in 1861.

Nicknamed the "Cape Cod of the Midwest," Door County is a popular Upper Midwest vacation destination. Tourism is a major contributor to Door County's economy. It is Wisconsin's forty-fourth largest county in population, but it is the eighth largest in terms of economic impact from tourism (over $600 million in 2023). The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, (DZNE)) is an interdisciplinary research institution that investigates neurodegenerative disease in all its facets. It is one of six "centers for health research" founded by the German Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR) to combat the most important and widespread diseases. The DZNE is part of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.

Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space
The Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (German: Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt; abbreviated BMFTR) is a cabinet-level ministry of Germany. It is headquartered in Bonn, with an office in Berlin. The Ministry provides funding for research projects and institutions.

The ministry has been headed by Dorothee Bär since 6 May 2025.
Assassination of Vijaya Kumaratunga
Vijaya Kumaratunga, Sri Lankan politician and founder of the Sri Lanka Mahajana Pakshaya, was assassinated by an assassin of the militant organization Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya (DJV) on February 16, 1988, while attempting to leave his home in Polhengoda in Colombo.

Kumaratunga was the son-in-law of former prime ministers S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and Sirimavo Bandaranaike, as well as the husband of future president Chandrika Kumaratunga, and with his funeral the Sri Lankan government declared an extended period of national mourning.

Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya
Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya (abbreviated as DJV) (දේශප්‍රේමී ජනතා ව්‍යාපාරය; Patriotic People's Movement) was a militant organisation in Sri Lanka. It was widely considered to be the military branch of the Marxist–Leninist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna and had been designated as a terrorist organisation by the Sri Lankan government.

The DJV operated as an armed organisation from 1987 till 1989. Throughout this period, it perpetrated attacks on the Sri Lankan Armed Forces (SLAF) and those who it claimed to be 'Indian proxy'; a majority of attacks attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, were carried on by guerillas or assassins belonging to the DJV.
Pité
Luís Pedro de Freitas Pinto Trabulo (born 22 August 1994), known as Pité, is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga Portugal 2 club Torreense.

He played 82 games and scored six goals in the Primeira Liga for Tondela and Arouca but spent most of his career in the second tier, making over 150 appearances for Beira-Mar, Porto B, Arouca, Mafra and Torreense and winning the title with the second of those teams in 2016.

Pité played for the Portugal Olympic team at the 2016 tournament.

C.D. Tondela
Clube Desportivo de Tondela (Portuguese pronunciation: [tõˈdɛlɐ] ⓘ) is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Primeira Liga, the top tier of Portuguese football, following their promotion after winning the 2024–25 Liga Portugal 2. They are based in the town of Tondela and play in the Estádio João Cardoso. Founded in 1933, the club predominantly played within Portugal's regional leagues until their gradual climb up the league pyramid since 2004.
Free verse
Free verse is an open form of poetry which does not use a prescribed or regular meter or rhyme and tends to follow the rhythm of natural or irregular speech. It encompasses a large range of poetic form, and its distinction to other forms (such as prose) is often ambiguous.  In general, the core characteristic of free verse is its flexibility.

Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.  Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse metre, or a certain set of metres alternating in a particular order. The study and the actual use of metres and forms of versification are both known as prosody. (Within linguistics, "prosody" is used in a more general sense that includes not only poetic metre but also the rhythmic aspects of prose, whether formal or informal, that vary from language to language, and sometimes between poetic traditions.)
Mississippi Highway 548
Mississippi Highway 548 (MS 548) is a highway in western Mississippi. The route starts near Bruce Road, just east of Hermanville, and travels southeastward, before ending at the Claiborne–Copiah county line. It is not connected with the rest of the state highway system. The route was created around 1957, connecting from Mississippi Highway 18 to western Copiah County. The route was removed from maps in 1967, but was restored in 1998, with only a fraction of the route state maintained.

Copiah County, Mississippi
Copiah County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,368. The county seat is Hazlehurst.

With an eastern border formed by the Pearl River, Copiah County is part of the Jackson, Mississippi metropolitan area.
Modular decomposition
In graph theory, the modular decomposition is a decomposition of a graph into subsets of vertices called modules.  A module is a generalization of a connected component of a graph.  Unlike connected components, however, one module can be a proper subset of another.   Modules therefore lead to a recursive (hierarchical) decomposition of the graph, instead of just a partition.

There are variants of modular decomposition for undirected graphs and directed graphs. For each undirected graph, this decomposition is unique.

This notion can be generalized to other structures (for example directed graphs) and is useful to design efficient algorithms for the recognition of some graph classes, for finding transitive orientations of comparability graphs, for optimization problems on graphs, and for graph drawing.

Comparability graph
In graph theory and order theory, a comparability graph is an undirected graph that connects pairs of elements that are comparable to each other in a partial order. Comparability graphs have also been called transitively orientable graphs, partially orderable graphs, containment graphs, and divisor graphs.
An incomparability graph is an undirected graph that connects pairs of elements that are not comparable to each other in a partial order.
Sinhala kingdom
The Sinhala kingdom or Sinhalese kingdom refers to the successive Sinhalese kingdoms that existed in what is today Sri Lanka. The Sinhalese kingdoms are kingdoms known by the city at which its administrative centre was located. These are in chronological order: the kingdoms of Tambapanni, Upatissa Nuwara, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Gampola, Kotte, Sitawaka and Kandy.

Upatissagāma
Upatissagāma was the second capital of the Kingdom of Tambapanni, during the Pre Anuradhapura period of Sri Lanka. It was seven or eight miles further north of the previous capital Tambapaṇṇī, which was in present-day Puttalam. The city was established by Upatissa, a follower and senior minister of Vijaya.

During the end of his reign Vijaya, who was having trouble choosing a successor, so sent a letter to the city of his ancestors at Sinhapura, in order to invite his brother Sumitta to take over the throne. However Vijaya had died before the letter had reached its destination so the  monarchy was succeeded by his chief minister Upatissa who acted as king for a year.
Kōtachi Kofun
The Kōtachi Kofun (甲立古墳)  is a Kofun period burial mound, located in the Kōda neighborhood of the city of Akitakata, Hiroshima in the San'yō region of Japan. The tumulus, which is the second largest in Hiroshima Prefecture, was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2016. It is estimated to have been built around the latter half of the 4th century (the end of the first half of the Kofun period).

Akitakata
Akitakata (安芸高田市, Akitakata-shi) is a city located in north-central Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 26,810 in 13,319 households and a population density of 50 persons per km². The total area of the city is 537.75 square kilometres (207.63 sq mi).The city lays claim to be the birthplace and hometown of Mōri Motonari, the Sengoku period daimyō of the 16th century.
2005 FC Moscow season
The 2005 FC Moscow season was the club's 2nd season in existence after taking over the licence of Torpedo-Metallurg in 2004. They finished the season in 5th place, qualifying for the UEFA Intertoto Cup for the first time. In the 2004–05 Russian Cup, Moscow reached the Round of 16, whilst in the 2005–06 Russian Cup they progressed to the Round of 16 which took place during the 2006 season.

2006 FC Moscow season
The 2006 FC Moscow season was the club's 3rd season in existence after taking over the licence of Torpedo-Metallurg in 2004. They finished the season in 6th place, reached the Round of 16 in the 2005–06 Russian Cup, and in the 2006–07 Russian Cup they progressed to the Round of 16 which took place during the 2007 season.
Freshwater Senior Campus
The Freshwater Senior Campus (known locally as Freshie) of Northern Beaches Secondary College is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive senior secondary day school, located in Curl Curl, a suburb on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1983 as Manly Girls High School, and then became Freshwater High School, the school caters to approximately 650 students from Year 11 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education; the principal is Chantell Phair.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Thokozani Majozi
Thokozani Majozi OMB (born 3 October 1972) is a South African chemical engineer. He has been the Dean of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand since 2021. He holds the South African Research Chair in Sustainable Process Engineering at the same university. His research focuses on chemical process engineering, particularly batch chemical process integration.

Majozi joined the University of the Witwatersrand's School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering as a professor in 2013. Before that he worked at the University of Pretoria from 2004 to 2013 and at the University of Pannonia from 2005 to 2009.

Order of Mapungubwe
The Order of Mapungubwe is a South African civilian honour awarded by the President of South Africa. It recognises South African citizens whose achievements have international impact and serve the interests of South Africa. It is South Africa's highest honour.

The order is named after the ancient civilisation of Mapungubwe, which was located in modern-day South Africa. It was instituted on 6 December 2002, and its first recipient (in the highest class) was former president Nelson Mandela.