hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graduation Examination of Junior High School
The Graduation Examination of Junior High School is an academic examination held annually in parts of mainland China to determine graduation from junior high school. Students who pass this exam receive a Certificate of Graduation (毕业证书). Students who fail do not graduate, and are given a Certificate of Completion (结业证书), meaning they have finished the courses but failed to graduate. In some parts of China this test is combined with the Senior High School Entrance Examination (中考).

Zhongkao
The Junior High School Scholastic Aptitude Examination (初中学业水平考试), commonly abbreviated as the Zhongkao (中考), is the examination for junior high school graduation in China. The exam scores are used for both junior high school graduation and senior high school admissions.
Saint Andrew Bobola's Church, Bydgoszcz
Saint Andrew Bobola's Church is a church in downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland. It is located on Kościelecki Square. Its patron saint is the Polish Jesuit Andrew Bobola. The edifice, completed in 1903, was designed by German architect Heinrich Seeling. It was registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List on December 15, 1998.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
Miss Brazil World 2011
Miss Brazil World 2011 was the 22nd edition of the Miss Brazil World pageant and 6th under MMB Productions & Events. The contest took place on August 13, 2011. Each state, the Federal District and various Insular Regions competed for the title. Kamilla Salgado of Pará crowned Juceila Bueno of Rio Grande do Sul at the end of the contest. Bueno represented Brazil at Miss World 2011. The contest was held at the Hotel do Frade in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
Cavin Johnson
Cavin Dennis Johnson (born 11 November 1958) is a South African soccer coach who most recently worked as an interim coach at Kaizer Chiefs in the DStv Premiership.

Johnson has previously managed South African clubs Platinum Stars (twice), SuperSport United, AmaZulu and Black Leopards in the Premier Soccer League.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Kupang
Kupang (Indonesian: Kota Kupang, Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈkupaŋ]), formerly known as Koepang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. At the 2020 Census, it had a population of 442,758; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 474,801 (comprising 238,997 males and 235,804 females). It is the largest city and port (actually the only independent city in the province) on the island of Timor, and is a part of the Timor Leste–Indonesia–Australia Growth Triangle free trade zone. Geographically, Kupang is the southernmost large city in Indonesia, as well as the closest to Australia.

Free-trade zone
A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a class of special economic zone. It is a geographic area where goods may be imported, stored, handled, manufactured, or reconfigured and re-exported under specific customs regulation and generally not subject to customs duty. Free trade zones are generally organized around major seaports, international airports, and national frontiers—areas with many geographic advantages for trade.
John Allan Wyeth (poet)
John Allan Wyeth (October 24, 1894 – May 11, 1981) served as a military intelligence lieutenant in the 33rd U.S. Division of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I and subsequently became a war poet, composer, and painter. After the Armistice, Wyeth lived in Europe and became both a Post-Impressionist painter and a war poet.

According to literary critic Dana Gioia, who wrote the introduction to the 2008 reissue of Wyeth's war sonnets, Wyeth is the only American poet of the Great War who merits comparison to British war poets Siegfried Sassoon, Isaac Rosenberg, and Wilfred Owen. In response to the 2008 republication, British poet and literary critic Jon Stallworthy, the editor of The Oxford Book of War Poetry and the biographer of Wilfred Owen, wrote, "At long last, marking the ninetieth anniversary of the Armistice, an American poet takes his place in the front rank of the War Poet's parade."

Wilfred Owen
Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 – 4 November 1918) was an English poet and soldier. He was one of the leading poets of the First World War. His war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was much influenced by his mentor Siegfried Sassoon and stood in contrast to the public perception of war at the time and to the confidently patriotic verse written by earlier war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Among his best-known works – most of which were published posthumously – are "Dulce et Decorum est", "Insensibility", "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "Futility", "Spring Offensive" and "Strange Meeting". Owen was killed in action on 4 November 1918, a week before the Armistice, at the age of 25.
Department of the Littoral (Peru)
Littoral, also known as Tacna, was a department originally part of South Peru, a constituent country of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, which existed from 1836 to 1839. Created alongside the confederate state, its capital was Tacna, the capital city of the confederation. After the state's dissolution, it continued to exist as part of Peru until the creation of the Department of Moquegua in 1857.

Republic of South Peru
The Republic of South Peru (Spanish: República Sud-Peruana) was one of the three constituent Republics of the short-lived Peru–Bolivian Confederation of 1836–39.

South Peru was one of two states—the other being North Peru—that arose from the division of the Peruvian Republic due to the civil wars of 1834 and 1835 to 1836. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned Peru-Bolivian Confederation, alongside Bolivia.

The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with Argentina and Chile in the War of the Confederation, and after a chaotic civil conflict between north and south Peruvians. In August 1839, Agustín Gamarra declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a unified Republic of Peru.
Paul Juda
Paul Wojciech Juda (/ˈdʒuːdə/ JOO-də; born July 7, 2001) is an American retired artistic gymnast. He is a member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team. He was a member of the bronze medal-winning team at the 2023 World Championships and the bronze medal-winning team at the 2024 Olympic Games. He was also a two-time silver medalist at the 2021 Pan American Championships. In NCAA Gymnastics, he competed for the Michigan Wolverines, where he won six Big Ten titles (two individual and four team) and nine NCAA championships (six individual and three team).

NCAA men's gymnastics championships
The NCAA men's gymnastics championships are contested at an annual competition sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.

Unlike most other NCAA-sponsored sports, the men's gymnastics championship is not separated into divisions and uses a single National Collegiate tournament instead. Currently, only 15 schools sponsor NCAA men's gymnastics teams, with three of them outside of Division I: Greenville University, Simpson College, Springfield College (Division III).
Lillian Somoza de Sevilla Sacasa
Lillian Somoza de Sevilla Sacasa (May 3, 1921 – May 17, 2003), born Lillian Ada de la Cruz Somoza Debayle and commonly known as "Lilly" or "Lilita", was a member of the Somoza family in Nicaragua. She was the daughter of dictatorial president Anastasio Somoza García and Salvadora Debayle de Somoza, the wife of Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa, and the sister of the dictatorial presidents Luis Somoza Debayle and Anastasio Somoza Debayle.

She attended the exclusive young ladies finishing school Gunston Hall School for Girls and in 1940 was chosen queen of the Apple Blossom Festival in Winchester, Virginia.

She died in Washington Hospital Center on May 17, 2003, two weeks after her 82nd birthday.

Winchester, Virginia
Winchester is the northernmost independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. As of 2020 United States census, the city's population was 28,120. It is the principal city of the Winchester metropolitan area with a population of just over 145,000 extending into West Virginia, which is a part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Winchester is home to Shenandoah University and the Museum of the Shenandoah Valley.
Glory Mountain
Glory Mountain is a 7,228-foot (2,203-metre) mountain summit located in the North Cascades Range in Chelan County of Washington state. Glory Mountain is situated southeast of Trapper Lake on the shared border of North Cascades National Park and Glacier Peak Wilderness. The nearest higher peak is Trapper Mountain, 1.72 miles (2.77 km) to the west. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Cottonwood Creek and Flat Creek, both tributaries of the Stehekin River. An unofficially named secondary peak called Halleluja Peak 7,120+ ft (2,170+ m) lies 0.32 miles (0.51 km) to the west of the summit.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
T. S. R. Subramanian
Thirumanilaiyur Sitapati Ramana Subramanian (11 December 1938 – 26 February 2018) was an Indian bureaucrat who served as the cabinet secretary of India from August 1996 to March 1998. He was a 1961 batch Indian Administrative Service officer from Uttar Pradesh Cadre.

Cabinet Secretary (India)
The cabinet secretary (ISO:मंत्रिमंडळ सचिव) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), and all Civil Services of India work under the rules of business of the government.

The cabinet secretary is the senior most cadre post of the Indian Administrative Service, ranking eleventh on the Indian order of precedence. The cabinet secretary is under the direct charge of the prime minister. Since 2010, the cabinet secretary's term length was extended to a maximum of four years. Thereafter, amended in 2019 for further extension up to 1 year. In, total up to 5 years.
Columbia County Historical Society
The Columbia County Historical Society and CCHS Museum & Library (founded in 1916) collects, preserves, interprets, and presents the history, heritage, and culture of Columbia County, New York, and serves residents of all eighteen Columbia County towns and the city of Hudson.

CCHS collections include important and rare genealogical materials, archives, paintings, photographs, textiles, furniture and decorative arts relating to Columbia County's heritage.

The Columbia County Historical Society owns and maintains four historic properties including a museum & library at its headquarters located in the village of Kinderhook, New York at the corner of Broad Street and Albany Avenue. It also publishes an annual magazine, Columbia County History & Heritage.

Columbia County, New York
Columbia County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. At the 2020 census, the population was 61,570. The county seat is Hudson. The name comes from the Latin feminine form of the surname of Christopher Columbus, which was at the time of the formation of the county a popular proposal for the name of the United States. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
J&K Bank Football Club
Jammu & Kashmir Bank Football Club (simply known as J&K Bank FC or J&K Bank XI) is an Indian professional football club based in Jammu and Kashmir, that competes in the JKFA Professional League. It is an institutional club as they are owned by Jammu & Kashmir Bank and was founded in 1984. The U-18 team played in Elite League. The senior team also participated in the first edition of Real Kashmir Cup.

Jammu and Kashmir Premier Football League
The Jammu and Kashmir Premier Football League, also known as Jammu and Kashmir Premier Division and Srinagar Premier League, is the top state-level football league in Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, conducted by Jammu and Kashmir Football Association (JKFA) and J&K Sports Council.
Charlotte Niehaus
Charlotte Niehaus (born Charlotte Schnackenberg: 30 September 1882 – 19 February 1975) was a welfare pioneer, a politician (USPD, SPD and, between 1920 and 1933, a member of the Bremen state parliament ("Bürgerschaft").

After the war she did not return to mainstream politics.   Nevertheless, according to one admirer she was a leading figure among those who helped recreate a democratic social structure in the young German Federal Republic, reversing the destructive ravages of National Socialism, and drawing on her experience of the social democratic welfare tradition that had blossomed in Bremen and elsewhere during the Weimar years.

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of anti-war members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), from the left of the party as well as the centre and the right. The organization attempted to chart a course between electorally oriented reformism on the one hand and Bolshevik revolutionism on the other. After several splits and mergers, the last part of the organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).
Spermatocele
Spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. The fluid is usually a clear or milky white color and may contain sperm. Spermatoceles are typically filled with spermatozoa and they can vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters. Small spermatoceles are relatively common, occurring in an estimated 30 percent of males. They are generally not painful. However, some people may experience discomfort such as a dull pain in the scrotum from larger spermatoceles. They are not cancerous, nor do they cause an increased risk of testicular cancer. Additionally, unlike varicoceles, they do not reduce fertility.

Varicocele
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum. In males, this plexus of veins drains blood from the testicles back to the heart. The vessels originate in the abdomen and course down through the inguinal canal as part of the spermatic cord on their way to the testis.

Many varicoceles are asymptomatic, but some cause a dull ache or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Varicoceles are the most common correctable cause of male infertility, found in approximately 35–44% of men with primary infertility. They are also increasingly recognized as a cause of reduced testicular endocrine function, including lower testosterone levels (hypogonadism). Varicoceles occur in around 15% of all men.
Nina Frances Layard
Nina Frances Layard FSA FLS ( 20 August 1853 Stratford, Essex – 12 August 1935, Ipswich) was an English poet, prehistorian, archaeologist and antiquarian who conducted important excavations, and by winning the respect of contemporary academics helped to establish a role for women in her field of expertise.

In about 1895 Layard met Mary Frances Outram; they formed a relationship and lived together. Layard was one of the first four women to be admitted as Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, in the first year of admission, and was admitted Fellow of the Linnean Society in the second year of women's admission. In 1921 she was the first woman to be President of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Departmental Council of Morbihan
The Departmental Council of Morbihan (French: Conseil départemental du Morbihan, Breton: Kuzul-departamant ar Morbihan) is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Morbihan. It consists of 42 members (departmental councillors) elected from 21 cantons and its headquarters are in Vannes, capital of the department. The departmental councilors are elected for a 6-years term.

The president of the departmental council is David Lappartient.

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei
Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ sen(ə)ʁi lə ʒeʁɛ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

It lies on the river Sarthe 13 km (8.1 mi) from Alençon, the chef-lieu of the department, and some 200 km (120 mi) west of Paris. It is classed as a Petites Cités de Caractère.

Sarthe (river)
The Sarthe (French pronunciation: [saʁt] ⓘ) is a 313.9-kilometre-long (195.0 mi) river in western France. Together with the river Mayenne it forms the river Maine, which is a tributary to the river Loire.

Its source is in the Orne department, near Moulins-la-Marche. It flows generally southwest, through the following departments and towns:

Orne: Le Mêle-sur-Sarthe, Alençon

Sarthe: Fresnay-sur-Sarthe, Beaumont-sur-Sarthe, Le Mans, Sablé-sur-Sarthe

Maine-et-Loire: Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe, Tiercé, Angers

Its main tributaries are the Loir and the Huisne from the left, and the Vaige, the Erve and the Vègre from the right.
Casimir Palace
The Casimir Palace (Polish: Pałac Kazimierzowski), formerly known as Villa Regia, is a reconstructed palace located in Warsaw, Poland. It is adjacent to the Royal Route, at Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28.

Originally built in 1637–41, it was first remodelled in 1660 for King John II Casimir (Polish: Jan II Kazimierz Waza, from whom it takes its name) and again in 1765–68, by Domenico Merlini, for the Corps of Cadets established by King Stanisław II Augustus. Since 1816, the Casimir Palace has served intermittently as the seat of Warsaw University.

Krakowskie Przedmieście
Krakowskie Przedmieście (Polish) (Polish pronunciation: [kraˈkɔfskʲɛ pʂɛdˈmjɛɕt͡ɕɛ] ⓘ, lit. 'Kraków Fore-town') is one of the best known
streets of Poland's capital Warsaw, surrounded by historic palaces, churches and manor-houses. It constitutes the northernmost part of Warsaw's Royal Route, and links the Old Town and Royal Castle (at Castle Square) with some of the most notable institutions in Warsaw, including, proceeding southward, the Presidential Palace, Warsaw University, and the Polish Academy of Sciences headquartered in the Staszic Palace. The immediate southward extension of the street along the Royal Route is New World Street.

Several other Polish cities also have streets named Krakowskie Przedmieście. In Lublin, it is the main and most elegant street. Other cities include Piotrków Trybunalski, Bochnia, Krasnystaw, Olkusz, Sieradz and Wieluń.
Deniss Vasiļjevs
Deniss Vasiļjevs (born 9 August 1999) is a Latvian figure skater. He is the 2022 European bronze medalist, the 2022 MK John Wilson Trophy silver medalist, a five-time ISU Challenger Series medalist (including gold at the 2020 Nebelhorn Trophy), and a seven-time Latvian national champion (2016–18, 2020, 2022–24).

At the junior level, Vasiļjevs is the 2016 Youth Olympics silver medalist, 2015 European Youth Olympic Festival silver medalist, a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) silver medalist, and a two-time Latvian junior national champion (2014-15). He is the first Latvian skater to podium at a JGP event and at an ISU Championships event.

Vasiļjevs represented Latvia at the 2018, 2022, and 2026 Winter Olympics.

2022 European Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 European Figure Skating Championships were held from 10 to 16 January 2022 at the Tondiraba Ice Hall in Tallinn, Estonia. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation at the 2023 European Championships. Tallinn was announced as the host in June 2019. The city had previously hosted the competition in 2010.