hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Periodogram
In signal processing, a periodogram is an estimate of the spectral density of a signal. The term was coined by Arthur Schuster in 1898. Today, the periodogram is a component of more sophisticated methods (see spectral estimation).  It is the most common tool for examining the amplitude vs frequency characteristics of FIR filters and window functions.  FFT spectrum analyzers are also implemented as a time-sequence of periodograms.

Finite impulse response
In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to respond indefinitely (usually decaying).

The impulse response (that is, the output in response to a Kronecker delta input) of an Nth-order discrete-time FIR filter lasts exactly  samples (from first nonzero element through last nonzero element) before it then settles to zero.

FIR filters can be discrete-time or continuous-time, and digital or analog.
Nizamabad mandal
Nizamabad mandal is one of the 27 mandals within Nizamabad District in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in the revenue division of Nizamabad, while the headquarters are located in the city of the same name. The mandal is bordered by those of Mosra, Chandur, Yedpalle, Navipet, Makloor, Gandhari, and Dichpalle.

On 11 October 2016, the government of Telangana reorganized the districts and mandals of the state. During reorganisation, the Nizamabad mandal was divided into four mandals: Nizamabad North, Nizamabad South, Nizamabad Rural, and Mugpal.

Nizamabad Rural Assembly constituency
Nizamabad (Rural) Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one among two constituencies in the city of Nizamabad with a population of 3,22,781. It is part of Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Rekulapally Bhoopathi Reddy of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency.
Dave Serrano
David Scott Serrano (born June 28, 1964) is an American college baseball coach and former pitcher who is the current head baseball coach of the Johnson Royals. Serrano formerly served as head coach at Cerritos College from 1984 to 1985 and at California State University, Fullerton from 1986 to 1987 for coach Augie Garrido. He served as the head coach at University of California, Irvine from 2005 to 2007,  Cal State Fullerton from 2008 to 2011, the University of Tennessee from 2012 to 2017 and CSU Northridge from 2020–2022.

California State University, Fullerton
California State University, Fullerton (CSUF or Cal State Fullerton) is a public research university in Fullerton, California, United States. With a total enrollment of more than 41,000, it has the largest student body of the California State University (CSU) system, and its graduate student body of more than 5,000 is one of the largest in the CSU and in all of California. As of fall 2016, the school had 2,083 faculty, of whom 782 were on the tenure track. The university offers 109 degree programs: 55 undergraduate degrees and 54 graduate degrees, including 3 doctoral programs.

Cal State Fullerton is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It is also a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).

CSUF athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the CSUF Titans. They compete in the Big West Conference.
N. V. N. Somu
Natarajan Somasundaram (11 May 1937 – 14 November 1997), popularly known as N. V. N. Somu, was a politician, journalist, lawyer, and trade unionist from Tamil Nadu, India. He was a veteran of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).

Somu served as a councillor in the Madras Corporation (1968-73), Deputy Mayor of Madras (1971-72) Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Park Town (1980-84), and Member of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha) from Chennai North (1984-89; 1996-97). In his second tenure as MP, he also served as  Minister of State for Defence under two successive Prime Ministers - H. D. Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral. The later tenure was cut short by his death in a helicopter crash, when he was on an official tour of Arunachal Pradesh in November 1997.

Somu's daughter Kanimozhi NVN Somu is also a DMK MP, representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha since 2021.

Kanimozhi NVN Somu
Dr Kanimozhi NVN Somu is an Indian politician. She is a Member of Parliament, representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of Indian Parliament as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. She is the State Medical Wing Secretary and spokesperson of the party. She is a Doctor, having done her MBBS at Kilpauk Medical College and Master of Surgery (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from the Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute. She is the Founder and Chief Consultant of Thaaimai Hospital located at TTK ROAD, Alwarpet, Chennai and Thaaimai Fertility and Research Centre located at Gopalapuram, Chennai.
Juventus FC Youth Sector
Juventus Football Club Youth Sector (Italian: Settore giovanile della Juventus Football Club) is the youth system of Italian football club Juventus. The Youth Sector is made up of various squads divided by age groups. Most of the squads train at the first team's former main training ground, Juventus Training Center, located in Vinovo.

The Youth Sector is divided into 11 squads: "Primavera" (under-19), "Allievi" (under-17), under-16, under-15, "Esordienti" (under-13), under-12, "Pulcini" (under-11), under-10, under-9, under-8 and under-7. In 2018, Juventus formed their reserve team (under-23), competing in the senior league system.

Italian football league system
The Italian football league system, also known as the Italian football pyramid, refers to the hierarchically interconnected league system for association football in Italy. It consists of nine national and regional tournaments, the first three being professional, while the remaining six are amateur, set up by the Italian Football Federation. One team from San Marino also competes. The system has a hierarchical format with promotion and relegation between different divisions.

In theory, it is possible for a local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the Italian game and win the Scudetto. While this is unlikely in practice, movement within the pyramid does occur. A notable example is AC ChievoVerona, which from the lower division went to Serie A, the highest level, reaching as high as 4th place in 2005–06 Serie A. The top two levels contain one division each. Below this, the levels have progressively more parallel divisions, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas.
Andrew Young (mathematician)
Andrew White Young FRSE WS (10 October 1891 – 20 July 1968) was a Scottish mathematician, natural scientist, and lawyer. He conducted research on Temperature Seiches in Loch Earn and presented papers on Mathieu function and Lagrange polynomials. He was elected a Fellow of Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1937.

Lagrange polynomial
In numerical analysis, the Lagrange interpolating polynomial is the unique polynomial of lowest degree that interpolates a given set of data.

Given a data set of coordinate pairs ⁠⁠, the ⁠⁠ are called nodes and the ⁠⁠ are called values. The Lagrange polynomial ⁠⁠ which interpolates the data assumes each value at the corresponding node, ⁠⁠. If there are ⁠⁠ data pairs, the Lagrange polynomial has degree ⁠⁠.

Although named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who published it in 1795, the method was first discovered in 1779 by Edward Waring. It is also an easy consequence of a formula published in 1783 by Leonhard Euler.

Uses of Lagrange polynomials include the Newton–Cotes method of numerical integration, Shamir's secret sharing scheme in cryptography, and Reed–Solomon error correction in coding theory.

For equispaced nodes, Lagrange interpolation is susceptible to Runge's phenomenon of large oscillation.
Lee Jewitt
Lee Jewitt (born 14 February 1987) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop.

He played for Wigan Warriors, Salford City Reds, Castleford Tigers and Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League. He also played for the Widnes Vikings in the RFL Championship, Limoux Grizzlies in the Elite One Championship and the Townsville Blackhawks in the Queensland Cup.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Glen Moss
Glen Robert Moss (born 19 January 1983) is a New Zealand former football goalkeeper who is goalkeeping coach for Macarthur FC. He played for New Zealand at international level. A foundational member of both the New Zealand Knights and Wellington Phoenix, Moss has competed in 14 seasons of the A-League, making 250 appearances while playing for the Knights, Phoenix, Melbourne Victory, Gold Coast United, and Newcastle Jets. Career highlights include starting a Grand Final with Newcastle, appearing in AFC Champions League games with Melbourne Victory and Newcastle, and making an A-League Team of the Season with Gold Coast.

With his birth country of New Zealand, Moss made 29 appearances, and was a member of their 2010 FIFA World Cup squad, although was controversially suspended for the first two games after an appeal for an earlier four-game ban was not submitted in time.

Macarthur FC
Macarthur Football Club, also known as Macarthur Bulls, is an Australian professional football club based in South Western Sydney, New South Wales. It competes in Australia's premier football competition, the A-League, under licence from Australian Professional Leagues (APL). On 13 December 2018, it was announced that the club would be accepted into the A-League as part of the new expansion process.
Anne Solsvik
Anne Tørå Solsvik (born 25 February 1981) is a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party (Venstre). She became State Secretary at Ministry of Education and Research in 2020; until 2020 she was a partner at First House.

Between 2007 and 2010 she was the leader of the Young Liberals of Norway, the youth wing of the Liberal Party. Upon her election she stated that her most important goal was to work for Norwegian membership in the European Union.

Solsvik is also a member of the city council in her home town Arendal.

From October 2020 she served as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Education. She left when Solberg's Cabinet fell in October 2021.

State Secretary (Norway)
In Norway, a state secretary (Norwegian: statssekretær) is a partisan political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position secretary of state in many other countries, a Norwegian state secretary does not head the ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a minister. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the state secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State, and does not act as a temporary minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.
Labouchère Amendment
Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, commonly known as the Labouchère Amendment, made "gross indecency" a crime in the United Kingdom. In practice, the law was used broadly to prosecute male homosexuals where actual sodomy (meaning, in this context, anal intercourse) could not be proven. The penalty of life imprisonment for sodomy (until 1861 it had been death) was also so harsh that successful prosecutions were rare. The new law was much more enforceable. In England and Wales, section 11 was repealed and re-enacted by section 13 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956; this in turn was repealed by the Sexual Offences Act 1967, which partially decriminalised male homosexual behaviour.

Most famously, Oscar Wilde was convicted under section 11 and sentenced to two years' hard labour, and Alan Turing was convicted under it and sentenced to oestrogen injections (chemical castration) as an alternative to prison.

Sodomy
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/), also called buggery in British English, principally refers to either anal sex (but occasionally also oral sex) between people, or any sexual activity between a human and another animal (bestiality). It may also mean any non-procreative sexual activity (including manual sex). Originally the term sodomy, which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite, a pejorative term.
Hod (organization)
Hod (Hebrew: הו"ד) is an independent Israel-based organization run by and intended for Orthodox Jewish homosexuals. It was established by the Orthodox Rabbi Ron Yosef in 2008. The organization opposes anal intercourse between men, following the prohibition in Leviticus.

Hod's goal is

... to initiate a public dialogue in the religious community, among its leaders, its rabbis, encompassing both the Halakhic and social scopes, in order to obtain recognition of religious gay men as a part of the religious community which cannot be neglected anymore. A dialogue that would lead to an improvement of the social situation of the religious homosexual man, within the religious society.

Havruta (organization)
Havruta (Hebrew: חַבְרוּתָא, from Talmudic Aramaic for "fellowship") is an organization of religiously inclined Jewish LGBTQ people in Israel which acts to promote tolerance and acceptance of gay, lesbian, and transgender people in the Orthodox community in Israel.

Havruta started as part of Jerusalem Open House and split off in 2010.
Jämtland Wing
Jämtland Wing (Swedish: Jämtlands flygflottilj), also F 4 Frösön, or simply F 4, is a former Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located at Åre Östersund Airport outside Östersund on Frösön in the middle of Sweden.

Åre Östersund Airport
Åre Östersund Airport (IATA: OSD, ICAO: ESNZ), previously known as Östersund–Frösön Airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) west of Östersund, Sweden and 94 km (58 mi) east of Åre, Sweden. The airport opened in 1958.

Åre Östersund airport is an international airport and served 465,196 passengers in 2015.
2026 Delray Beach Open
The 2026 Delray Beach Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 34th edition of the tournament and part of the ATP 250 tournaments of the 2026 ATP Tour. It took place in Delray Beach, United States between February 16 and February 22, 2026.

Delray Beach Open
The Delray Beach Open is an ATP 250 professional tennis tournament held annually in Delray Beach, Florida, United States, on hardcourts.

It was previously known as America's Red Clay Championships, Citrix Tennis Championships,  and the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships (ITC). The event was held in Coral Springs from 1993 to 1998; in 1999, it was relocated to the Delray Beach Tennis Center. American Todd Martin won the tournament's first singles event in 1993. The tournament was renamed to its current name in 2014.
Hans Jacob Stabel
Hans Jacob Stabel (27 August 1769 – 7 January 1836) was a Norwegian priest and elected official.

Hans Stabel was born at the parsonage where his father was parish pastor in Onsøy at Fredrikstad in Østfold county. In 1792, he took a job as personnel chaplain in Onsøy. From 1799, he was an assistant pastor at Slidredomen in Oppland county. In 1806, he became pastor in Søndre Aurdal. He was a vicar in Kristiansand from 1822 to 1825. He served as pastor in Østre Toten from 1825 until he died in 1836.

In 1814, he was a member of the constitutional assembly at Eidsvoll Manor to draft and sign the Norwegian Constitution as a representative from Christians amt, now Innlandet county. He was made a member of the Royal Order of Vasa by King Karl XIV Johan.

Oppland
Oppland [ˈɔ̂plɑn] ⓘ is a former county in Norway which existed from 1781 until its dissolution on 1 January 2020. The old Oppland county bordered the counties of Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo and Hedmark. The county administration was located in the town of Lillehammer.
1990 Centennial Cup
The 1990 Centennial Cup is the 20th Junior "A" 1990 ice hockey National Championship for the Canadian Junior Hockey League.

The Centennial Cup was competed for by the winners of the Doyle Cup, Anavet Cup, Dudley Hewitt Cup, the Callaghan Cup, and a host city.

The tournament was hosted by the Vernon Lakers and Vernon, British Columbia.

Vernon Vipers
The Vernon Vipers are a junior "A" ice hockey team based in Vernon, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the Interior Conference of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). They play their home games at Kal Tire Place.
The French Angel
Maurice Tillet (French: [mɔʁis tije]; Russian: Мори́с Тийе́; 23 October 1903 – 4 September 1954) was a Russian-French professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, The French Angel/The Angel. Tillet was a leading box office draw in the early 1940s and was twice World Heavyweight Champion in the American Wrestling Association run by Paul Bowser in Boston.

AWA World Heavyweight Championship (Boston version)
The AWA World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship promoted by Paul Bowser in Boston.

The title was created by Bowser after Gus Sonnenberg, who had beaten Ed Lewis for the original World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship in 1929, was stripped of recognition as champion by the National Boxing Association. Browser continued to recognize Sonnenberg as champion and named his championship after the "American Wrestling Association" governing body, which hitherto did not actually exist. Rival promoters, including Jack Curley, countered by forming the National Wrestling Association and its NWA World Heavyweight Championship.

During Don Eagle's second reign, splinter titles were created by regional promoters in Chicago and Ohio. Bowser abandoned the championship later in Eagle's reign, while he was rendered inactive due to injuries in November 1952.
Sachin Yadav (javelin thrower)
Sachin Yadav (born 25 October 1999) is an Indian javelin thrower. He competed at the 2025 World Championships, where he narrowly missed a medal with a fourth-place finish. He has won a silver medal at the 2025 Asian Championships.

2025 Asian Athletics Championships
The 2025 Asian Athletics Championships was the 26th edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 27 to 31 May 2025 in Gumi, South Korea. This was the third time South Korea have hosted the championships after the 1975 and 2005 editions.
Lightnin' Strikes
"Lightnin' Strikes" is a song written by Lou Christie and Twyla Herbert, and recorded by Christie on the MGM label. It was a hit in 1966, making it to No. 1 in Canada in February 1966 on the RPM Top Singles chart, then to No. 1 in the U.S. on the Billboard Hot 100 in February, No. 3 on the New Zealand Listener chart in May, and No. 11 on the UK Record Retailer chart. It attained RIAA certification on March 3, 1966, garnering gold status for shipping a million copies.

MGM Records
MGM Records was a record label founded by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack recordings (later LP albums) of their musical films. It transitioned into a pop music label that continued into the 1970s. The company also released soundtrack albums of the music for some of their non-musical films as well, and on rare occasions, cast albums of off-Broadway musicals such as The Fantasticks and the 1954 revival of The Threepenny Opera. In one instance, MGM Records released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by another studio, Columbia Pictures's Born Free (1966).
James J. Montague
James Jackson Montague (April 16, 1873 – December 16, 1941) was an American journalist, satirist, and poet. Renowned as a "versifier", Montague is best known for his column "More Truth Than Poetry", which was published in a wide number of newspapers for nearly 25 years.

Montague's journalism career began in 1896 at The Oregonian, where he started as a copy boy. He was soon promoted to reporter and eventually took over the column "Slings and Arrows". In 1902 he was hired by William Randolph Hearst to work at the New York American and New York Evening Journal, where he debuted "More Truth Than Poetry". Montague wrote the column six days a week, in addition to articles on topics such as politics, theater and sports. In 1919 he moved to the New York World, which described him as "the most widely circulated poet in the United States." Later in Montague's career, his whimsical pieces were often carried by the Bell Syndicate.

New York World
The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 to 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers as a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it was a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers' attention with sensation, sports, sex and scandal and pushing its daily circulation to the one-million mark. It was sold in 1931 and merged into the New York World-Telegram.
M. Osman Siddique
M. Osman Siddique (born 1950) is an American politician, former ambassador, and author. He served as the United States Ambassador to the Republic of Fiji and to the Republic of Nauru, to the Kingdom of Tonga and to Tuvalu from 1999 to 2001. He was the US ambassador during the 2000 Fijian coup d'état. Siddique is the first American Muslim to be appointed as an Ambassador from the United States.

2000 Fijian coup d'état
The 2000 Fijian coup d'état was a civilian coup d'état by an armed group of indigenous Fijian  nationalists supported by the Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit, against the elected government of Indo-Fijian Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, on 19 May 2000. This was followed by President Kamisese Mara's attempt to assert executive authority on 27 May. Mara would resign under duress on 29 May, handing power to Frank Bainimarama, a commander of the Fijian military.

The coups resulted in the removal of the elected government and its replacement by an interim regime headed by Josefa Iloilo. In March 2001, the Court of Appeal of Fiji ruled that the coups and interim regime were illegal. An elected government was finally restored by the 2001 Fijian general election.

George Speight, the leader of the coup, was convicted of treason and sentenced to death. The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and on 18 September 2024, he was pardoned by Fiji's Mercy Commission.