hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Kennard Rand
Edward Kennard Rand FBA (December 20, 1871 – October 28, 1945), known widely as E.K. Rand or to his peers as EKR, was an American classicist and medievalist. He served as the Pope Professor of Latin at Harvard University from 1901 until 1942, during which period he was also the Sather Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, for two terms. Rand is best known for his 1928 work, Founders of the Middle Ages.

Rand founded the Mediaeval Academy of America, its journal Speculum, and served as the president of the American Philological Association (now the Society for Classical Studies) and the Classical Association of New England. At the end of his career, he was a senior fellow at Dumbarton Oaks.

Society for Classical Studies
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA), is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869. It is the preeminent association in the field and publishes a journal, Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). 
The SCS is currently based at New York University.
Glororum
Glororum is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bamburgh in the county of Northumberland, England, about 1.25 miles (2.01 km) south west of Bamburgh. In 1951 the parish had a population of 13.

Bamburgh
Bamburgh (/ˈbæmbərə/ BAM-bər-ə) is a village and civil parish on the coast of Northumberland, England. It had a population of 454 in 2001, decreasing to 414 at the 2011 census.

Bamburgh was the centre of an independent north Northumbrian territory between 867 and 954. Bamburgh Castle was built by the Normans on the site of an Anglo-Saxon fort. The Victorian era heroine Grace Darling is buried there.

The extensive beach by the village was awarded the Blue Flag rural beach award in 2005. The Bamburgh Dunes, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, stand behind the beach. Bamburgh is popular with holidaymakers and is within the Northumberland Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Tula Governorate
Tula Governorate (Russian: Тульская губерния, romanized: Tul'skaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. The governate existed from 1796 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Tula. It was divided into 12 districts. The main towns were Alexin, Bogoroditsk, Byelev, Chern, Epifan, Efremov, Kashira, Krapivna, Novosil, Odoyev, Tula, and Venev.

Venyov
Venyov (Russian: Венёв) is a town and the administrative center of Venyovsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Venyovka River, 52 kilometers (32 mi) east of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  15,224 (2010 Census); 16,167 (2002 Census); 13,243 (1989 Soviet census).
Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus (Greek: Ἀντίοχος Εὐσεβής Κυζικηνός, "Antiochus the Pious, the Cyzicene") was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom. He was the son of Antiochus VII and Cleopatra Thea. He left the kingdom in 129 BC and went to the city of Cyzicus, but he returned in 116 BC to challenge his half-brother Antiochus VIII for power.

The siblings fought a twenty-year civil war. In 112 BC, Antiochus IX's wife, Cleopatra IV, was killed by her sister Tryphaena, the wife of Antiochus VIII. Tryphaena herself died shortly afterwards. Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC; he was succeeded by his sons Seleucus VI and Demetrius III. Antiochus IX then took the capital Antioch and married his deceased wife's sister Cleopatra Selene, who was herself the widow of Antiochus VIII. Seleucus VI continued the war against his uncle.  Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus was killed in battle in 95 BC.

Cyzicus
Cyzicus (/ˈsɪzɪkəs/ SIZ-ik-əs; Ancient Greek: Κύζικος, romanized: Kúzikos; was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have originally been an island in the Sea of Marmara only to be connected to the mainland in historic times either by artificial means or an earthquake.

The site of Cyzicus, located on the Erdek and Bandırma roads, is protected by Turkey's Ministry of Culture.
Mike Rogers (Michigan politician)
Michael J. Rogers (born June 2, 1963) is an American law enforcement officer and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Michigan's 8th congressional district from 2001 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as chair of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence from 2011 to 2015.

After retiring from the U.S. House, CNN hired Rogers as a national security commentator. He was also executive producer of the CNN program Declassified: Untold Stories of American Spies.

Rogers was the Republican nominee in the 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan, narrowly losing to Democratic nominee Elissa Slotkin. He is a candidate in the 2026 United States Senate election in Michigan.

United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI), also known as the House Intelligence Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives, currently chaired by Rick Crawford. It is the primary committee in the U.S. House of Representatives charged with the oversight of the United States Intelligence Community, though it does share some jurisdiction with other committees in the House, including the Armed Services Committee for some matters dealing with the Department of Defense and the various branches of the U.S. military.

The committee was preceded by the Select Committee on Intelligence between 1975 and 1977. House Resolution 658 established the permanent select committee, which gave it status equal to a standing committee on July 14, 1977.
Garuda Indonesia Flight 421
Garuda Indonesia Flight 421 was a scheduled domestic flight operated by Indonesian flag carrier Garuda Indonesia travelling about 625 km (388 mi; 337 nmi) from Ampenan to Yogyakarta. On 16 January 2002, the flight encountered severe thunderstorm activity during approach to its destination, suffered flameout in both engines, and ditched in a shallow river, resulting in one fatality and several injuries.

Water landing
In aviation, a water landing is, in the broadest sense, an aircraft landing on a body of water. Seaplanes, such as floatplanes and flying boats, land on water as a normal operation. Ditching is a controlled emergency landing on the water surface in an aircraft not designed for the purpose, and it is a very rare occurrence. Controlled flight into the surface and uncontrolled flight ending in a body of water (including a runway excursion into water) are generally not considered water landings or ditching, but are considered accidents. Most times, ditching results in aircraft structural failure.
New South Wales Government Architect
The New South Wales Government Architect, an appointed officer of the Government of New South Wales, serves as the General Manager of the Government Architect's Office (GAO), a multi-disciplinary consultancy operating on commercial principles providing architecture, design, and engineering services, that is an agency of the government within NSW Public Works.

Historically, the government architect was in charge of the government's public building projects across the state of New South Wales, Australia. Since the 1990s, when the consultancy service began operating on commercial principles, the Government Architect has reported separately in a second capacity, as an advisor to the government, and serves on various committees and boards in relation to heritage protection, architecture, and design.

The first officer in the role, then styled Colonial Architect, was Francis Greenway, appointed in 1816.

NSW Public Works
NSW Public Works (or New South Wales Public Works) is a statutory agency of the Government of New South Wales that is responsible for providing expert advice to government and professional services, as well as government agency clients in New South Wales, Australia.

The agency manages a range of large and small projects and facilities contracts with an annual value of more than A$1 billion. It merged with Property NSW to form a new Property and Advisory Group of the New South Wales Public Works Advisory in July 2016.

The agency was led by Deputy Director-General, presently Brian Baker, who reported to the Director General of the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation, most recently Martin Hoffman, who reported to the Minister for Finance, Services and Property, most recently Victor Dominello MP.

NSW Public Works is an active agency as of 2024
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Congenital hemolytic anemia is a diverse group of hereditary conditions marked by premature removal of red blood cells from circulation (hemolysis), often leading to severe anemia and decreased life expectancy. This may be caused by defects in the red cell's membrane proteins, internal metabolism, or by defective or deficient hemoglobin.

Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis (/hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs/), also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma). Hemolysis may occur in vivo or in vitro.

One cause of hemolysis is the action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, causing lysis and eventually cell death.
Selenge Erdene-Ochir
Selenge Erdene-Ochir (born 30 December 1987, Erdenet, Mongolia) is a Mongolian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of Miss World Mongolia 2006 and represented her country at Miss World 2006. She was the first Mongolian to compete and work for FashionTV. She won the "First Runner Up" and "Ambassador of Mongolia" award at the "Miss Fashion TV" models contest.

Erdene-Ochir moved to the United Kingdom in October 2020 from Antalya, Turkey.

Miss World 2006
Miss World 2006 was the 56th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sala Kongresowa, a theatre at the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland, on 30 September 2006. It was the first time ever that the pageant was held in the Continental Europe and a European city other than London.

At the end of the event, Taťána Kuchařová of Czech Republic was crowned by the previous winner Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir of Iceland. This is the first time the Czech Republic won the title of Miss World, and its first crown in the Big Four international beauty pageants.

A total of 104 countries competed in the pageant.
Central Vermont Railroad Pier
The Central Vermont Railroad Pier is a historic pier on State Pier Road in New London, Connecticut, built in 1876. It originally served as an interchange point between ocean-going freighters and the rail network of the Central Vermont Railroad. It is the only 19th-century pier in Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Central Vermont Railway
The Central Vermont Railway (reporting mark CV) was a railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont, as well as the Canadian province of Quebec. After decades of ownership by Canadian National Railway, the company was spun off under the name New England Central Railroad in 1995.

It connected Montreal, Quebec, with New London, Connecticut, using a route along the shores of Lake Champlain, through the Green Mountains and along the Connecticut River valley. It also connected Montreal to Boston, in eastern Massachusetts, through a junction with the Boston and Maine Railroad at White River Junction, Vermont.
2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament
The 2023 ASUN women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the ASUN Conference held from October 26 through November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at campus sites, with the #3 and #6 seed hosting the First Round and Quarterfinals while the #1 seed hosted the Semifinals and Final. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Florida Gulf Coast Eagles were the defending tournament champions. The Eagles successfully defended their tile, defeating North Alabama in a penalty-shoot out in the Final. It was Florida Gulf Coast's eighth overall title.  All of the Eagle's titles have come under coach Jim Blankenship. As tournament champions, Florida Gulf Coast earned the ASUN's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer tournament.

Florida Gulf Coast Eagles women's soccer
The Florida Gulf Coast Eagles women's soccer team represents Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) in Fort Myers, Florida in all NCAA Division I women's soccer competitions. The Eagles compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference. The soccer team is one of several varsity sports teams that represent the Florida Gulf Coast Eagles.

The team made the NCAA tournament in the first year of eligibility in 2011, and returned in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2022, and 2023.
Pseudomonas extremaustralis
Pseudomonas extremaustralis is an extreme cold-resistant (psychrotolerant), Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Pseudomonas. It was first isolated in Antarctica and is known for producing the polymer, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) that helps with bacterial survival and other biodegradable polymers that exhibit industrial potential. It is also known for its adaptability to cold environments.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms, including through bacterial fermentation of sugars or lipids. When produced by bacteria they serve as both a source of energy and as a carbon store. More than 150 different monomers can be combined within this family to give materials with extremely different properties.  These plastics are biodegradable and are used in the production of bioplastics.

They can be either thermoplastic or elastomeric materials, with melting points ranging from 40 to 180 °C.

The material properties and biocompatibility of PHA can also be changed by blending, modifying the surface or combining PHA with other polymers, enzymes and inorganic materials, expanding the range of applications.
Hymnody of continental Europe
Hymnody in continental Europe developed from early liturgical music, especially Gregorian chant. Music became more complicated as embellishments and variations were added, along with influences from secular music. Although vernacular leisen and vernacular or mixed-language carols were sung in the Middle Ages, more vernacular hymnody emerged during the Protestant Reformation, although ecclesiastical Latin continued to be used after the Reformation. Since then, developments have shifted between isorhythmic, homorhythmic, and more rounded musical forms with some lilting. Theological underpinnings influenced the narrative point of view used, with Pietism especially encouraging the use of the first person singular. In the last several centuries, many songs from Evangelicalism have been translated from English into German.

Isorhythm
Isorhythm (from the Greek for "the same rhythm") is a musical technique using a repeating rhythmic pattern, called a talea, in at least one voice part throughout a composition. Taleae are typically applied to one or more melodic patterns of pitches or colores, which may be of the same or a different length from the talea.
France women's national squash team
The France women's national squash team represents France in international squash team competitions, and is governed by the French Squash Federation.

Since 1987, France has participated in five quarter finals of the World Squash Team Open.

World Squash Team Championships
The World Squash Team Championships are an international squash competition organised by the World Squash Federation and played between teams representing different nations. Countries enter teams of three or four players to represent them in the championships. In each round of the competition, teams face each other in a best-of-three singles matches contest. The competition is held once every two years, with the venue changing each time. Normally the men's and women's events are held in different years in two locations. Australia have won the championship a record eight times, followed by Pakistan, which have been champions on six occasions.
South Bay Interchange
The South Bay Interchange is a massive interchange in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, in the US. The interchange consists of Interstate 90, the Mass Pike Extension, and the Interstate 93 concurrency with US 1 and MA 3 south of the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Tunnel.

The interchange dominates the South Bay parcel, a 10-acre (40,000 m2) site between Chinatown and the Leather District. It is roughly bounded by Kneeland Street, Hudson Street, the Massachusetts Turnpike mainline, and the Interstate 93 mainline. Currently owned by the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT), the area is taken up by a major highway interchange between 90, 93, and local streets. There were original plans to re-develop the area with a 600-foot-tall (180 m) office tower, but no such project has taken place.

Leather District
The Leather District is a neighborhood of Boston near South Street, between the Financial District and Chinatown.  The Leather District (occasionally referred to as the "LD") is a tightly defined area bounded by Kneeland Street to the south, Essex Street to the north, Atlantic Avenue to the east and Lincoln Street to the west. It is so named due to the dominance of the leather industry in the late 19th century.
Man on the Run (album)
Man on the Run is the sixth studio album by the British rock band Bush, released on 21 October 2014, through Zuma Rock Records. It marks the band's second studio album to be recorded under its current incarnation (Gavin Rossdale, Robin Goodridge, Chris Traynor, Corey Britz), which reformed in 2010 after an eight-year hiatus and released The Sea of Memories in 2011. The album release in 2014 marks the 20th anniversary of the band's debut album, Sixteen Stone.

The Sea of Memories
The Sea of Memories is the fifth studio album by English alternative rock band Bush, released on 13 September 2011 through Zuma Rock Records, eOne Music and earMUSIC. It is the band's first studio album in ten years, following 2001's Golden State, and the first to be recorded with Chris Traynor and Corey Britz on lead guitar and bass, respectively. It is also the first Bush album released on E1 Records, marking their first venture away from Interscope (or Atlantic), who handled all of their previous releases. The album's title comes from a line in the song "Baby Come Home". The cover art is by Los Angeles–based street artist RETNA.
Tha Din Daeng campaign
The Tha Din Daeng campaign (Thai: สงครามท่าดินแดง, RTGS: Songkhram Tha Din Daeng, literally "Tha Din Daeng War") was a short military campaign that took place in 1786 at Tha Din Daeng in present-day Sangkhla Buri District, Kanchanaburi Province in western Thailand. The conflict occurred during the Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786), and was fought between the Burmese forces of King Bodawpaya of the Konbaung dynasty and Siamese forces commanded by King Rama I of the Rattanakosin Kingdom, together with his brother Maha Sura Singhanat. The campaign represented Burma's renewed attempt to invade Siam following its defeat during the Nine Armies War, but the Siamese victory at Tha Din Daeng halted the advance and secured Siam's western frontier against further incursions.

Kanchanaburi province
Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี, pronounced [kāːn.t͡ɕā.ná(ʔ).bū.rīː]) is the largest province (changwat) of Western Thailand. Tourists are attracted by the history of its ancient civilization and the World War II Bridge over the River Kwai, originally spelt "Khwae" but officially changed to Kwai to accommodate the expectations of tourists.
Wynnstay Arms Hotel, Ruabon
The Wynnstay Arms is a hotel and public house in Ruabon, Wales. The Grade II listed building dates from the 18th-century and was a coaching inn. Meetings of the Football Association of Wales were held in the hotel in the 19th century shortly after the organisation was founded in the Wynnstay Arms Hotel, Wrexham.

Ruabon
Ruabon (Welsh: Rhiwabon; pronounced [r̥ɪʊˈɑːbɔn]) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The name comes from Rhiw Fabon, rhiw being the Welsh word for "slope" or "hillside" and Fabon being a mutation from St Mabon, the original church name, of earlier, Celtic origin. An older English spelling, Rhuabon, can sometimes be seen.

From the mid-19th century, Ruabon became famous across the UK, for its red bricks and terracotta, which earnt the village the nickname "Terracottapolis". The local discovery of high-quality Etruria marl clay led to the rise of the Dennis Ruabon Tile Factory, whose durable and richly coloured products were used nationwide. The tiles were used in landmark projects such as Cardiff's Pier Head and Liverpool University's Victoria Building.

In 2001, more than 80% of the population of 2,400 were born in Wales, with 13.6% having some ability in Welsh.
Injustice: Gods Among Us (comics)
Injustice: Gods Among Us is an American comic book series that serves as the prequel to the fighting video game of the same name. The series takes place in an alternate reality, where Superman descends into villainy following his family's death at the Joker's hands. The Justice League is split by those who put their trust in Superman, establishing the totalitarian One Earth Regime, while Batman forms an insurgency out of the other half of the League to fight back against the Regime.

The series was written by Tom Taylor and Brian Buccellato, and illustrated by a number of artists, including Jheremy Raapack, Mike S. Miller, Bruno Redondo, Tom Derenick, and others. It was released digitally by DC Comics from January 2013 to September 2016, and was later released in physical comic book form and collected in trade paperback and hardcover editions.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.