hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1605 Syriam battles
The 1605 Syriam battles were a series of battles between Portuguese forces led by Filipe de Brito and Paulo do Rego Pinheiro and Arakan forces led by prince Min Khamaung by request of the king, Min Razagyi.

Min Razagyi
Min Razagyi (Arakanese and Burmese: မင်းရာဇာကြီး, Arakanese pronunciation: [máɴ ɹàzà ɡɹí], Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɴ jàzà dʑí]; c. 1557–1612; also spelled as Mang Raza Gree), was king of Arakan from 1593 to 1612. His early reign marked the continued ascent of the coastal kingdom, which reached full flight in 1599 by defeating its nemesis Toungoo dynasty, and temporarily controlling the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans to the Gulf of Martaban until 1603. But the second half of his reign saw the limits of his power: he lost the Lower Burmese coastline in 1603 and a large part of Bengal coastline in 1609 due to insurrections by Portuguese mercenaries. He died in 1612 while struggling to deal with Portuguese raids on the Arakan coast itself.
Deschutes Land Trust
The Deschutes Land Trust (formerly "Deschutes Basin Land Trust") is a private charitable conservation organization focused on preserving natural landscapes and rivers in the Deschutes River Basin in Oregon, US. The Trust was formed in 1995, and since then has grown to conserve more than 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) of land in over 17 preserves.

Deschutes River
The Deschutes River (/dəˈʃuːts/ də-SHOOTS) in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River. The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many of the tributaries that descend from the drier, eastern flank of the mountains. The Deschutes provided an important route to and from the Columbia for Native Americans for thousands of years, and then in the 19th century for pioneers on the Oregon Trail. The river flows mostly through rugged and arid country, and its valley provides a cultural heart for central Oregon. Today the river supplies water for irrigation and is popular in the summer for whitewater rafting and fishing.

The Deschutes flows generally north, as do several other large Oregon tributaries of the Columbia River, including the Willamette and John Day.
Dave Bowman (footballer, born 1964)
David Bowman (born 10 March 1964) is a Scottish football coach and former player. In a 12-year career with Dundee United he played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final and won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup. At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner up.

He also played for Heart of Midlothian, Coventry City, Raith Rovers and Forfar Athletic as well as having a spell in Hong Kong with Yee Hope FC. He played six times for the Scotland national team and was a non-playing squad member at UEFA Euro 1992. Since 2007 he has worked as a community coach at Dundee United.

Yee Hope FC
Yee Hope Football Club (Chinese: 二合足球會) was a Hong Kong football club which played in the Hong Kong First Division League between 1997 and 2001. In the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 season, the club played in the name Orient & Yee Hope Union (Chinese: 東聯二合) due to sponsorship reasons.
Pennon
A pennon, also known as a pennant or pendant, is a long narrow flag which is larger at the hoist than at the fly, i.e., the flag narrows as it moves away from the flagpole. It can have several shapes, such as triangular, tapering (square tail) or triangular swallowtail (forked tail), etc. In maritime use, pennants are to be hung from the main truck.

Pennon-style flags were one of the principal three varieties of flags carried during the Middle Ages (the other two were the banner and the standard). The pennon is a flag resembling the guidon in shape, but only half the size. It does not contain any coat of arms, but only crests, mottos and heraldic and ornamental devices.

Pennoncell, streamer and wimpel are minor varieties of this style of flag (see variant types).

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Paramedics incident in Oslo 2007
The paramedics incident in Oslo 2007 involved two paramedics who were dispatched to Sofienberg park in Oslo, Norway, on August 6, 2007, in response to a reported head injury from an altercation. Upon arrival, paramedics determined the issue was not medically urgent, and requested police at the scene take the subject to the hospital as he appeared intoxicated and unruly. It was later revealed the man's injuries were indeed life-threatening, which led to public outcry and controversy in the months following the incident.

Paramedic
A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of a hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances. They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine.  The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients.

Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although the term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice.
Yee-Sin Leo
Yee-Sin Leo FRCP (Chinese: 梁玉心; born 1958 or 1959), also known as Yee Sin Leo, is a Singaporean physician. Leo is the executive director of the National Centre for Infectious Diseases and researches emerging infectious diseases. She has  been in charge of Singapore's response to several outbreaks, including Nipah, SARS and COVID-19. In 2020, she was selected as one of the BBC's top 100 Women.

SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. In the 2010s, Chinese scientists traced the virus through the intermediary of Asian palm civets to cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan.

SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004.

In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease behind the COVID-19 pandemic.
Renato (footballer, born 1979)
Renato Dirnei Florêncio Santos (born 15 May 1979), known simply as Renato, is a Brazilian former professional footballer.

A central midfielder with good heading ability in spite of a small frame, he played most of his professional career in Spain with Sevilla, appearing in 286 official games with the club (39 goals scored).

A Brazilian international during two years, Renato was part of the squads that won one Copa América and one Confederations Cup.

2005 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup football tournament was the seventh FIFA Confederations Cup. It was held in Germany between 15 June and 29 June 2005, as a prelude to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The tournament was won by 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América winners Brazil, who defeated Argentina 4–1 in the final at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt. The final was a rematch of the 2004 Copa América final, which was also won by Brazil. It was Brazil's second win at the Confederations Cup. After winning the 2005 tournament, the 2002 FIFA World Cup and 2004 Copa América, Brazil became the first country to be the reigning World Cup champions, Confederations Cup champions, and continental champions twice, having previously achieved this feat in 1997 when they won the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 1997 Copa América, and 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Dublin County (Dáil constituency)
Dublin County was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1921 to 1969. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

Dáil constituencies
There are 43 multi-member electoral districts, known as Dáil constituencies, to elect 174 TDs to Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas, Ireland's parliament, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV), to a maximum term of five years. The configuration of constituencies was amended by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2023, which were in operation for the 2024 general election.
Dendeviin Terbishdagva
Dendeviin Terbishdagva (Mongolian: Дэндэвийн Тэрбишдагва) is a politician from Mongolia who served as Acting Prime Minister of Mongolia in 14 November 2014 and Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia from August 2012 to November 2014.

Prime Minister of Mongolia
The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of government of Mongolia. The prime minister is nominated by the president, appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence. The incumbent prime minister is Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, who succeeded Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene on 13 June 2025, following his resignation.
2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was an association football competition used to determine the two participants who would compete at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was held at BC Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from January 19–29, 2012.

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in the United Kingdom from 25 July to 9 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their women's teams in regional qualifying competitions, from which 11 teams, plus the hosts Great Britain reached the final tournament. There are no age restrictions for the players participating in the tournament. It is the first major FIFA affiliated women's tournament to be staged within the United Kingdom, and marked the first time a team representing Great Britain took part in the women's tournament.
Gary Alejano
Gary Cajolo Alejano Sr. is a Filipino politician and former soldier who was a member of the House of Representatives for Magdalo Party-List. He was a major participant in the Oakwood mutiny in 2003 and the Manila Peninsula siege in 2007, both involving military personnel who expressed grievances against perceived corruption in the Arroyo administration.

Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served two consecutive terms as the 14th President of the Philippines. Her presidency began on January 20, 2001, following the Second EDSA Revolution, and continued until 2010. She completed her first term from 2001 to 2004. In the 2004 Philippine presidential election, Arroyo ran as the incumbent and defeated her main opponent, Fernando Poe Jr. She was inaugurated for her second term on June 30, 2004.
Carde y Escoriaza railcar
The Carde y Escoriaza railcar is a railcar train type formerly operated in the Basque Country, Spain. They were introduced in the Bilbao-Plentzia railway in 1927, and were later operated by Ferrocarriles y Transportes Suburbanos, Euskotren, Metro Bilbao and Euskal Trenbide Sarea until 2012.

Euskal Trenbide Sarea
Euskal Trenbide Sarea (Basque for 'Basque Railway Network', Spanish: Red Ferroviaria Vasca), commonly known by its acronym ETS, is a railway infrastructure manager operating in the Basque Country, Spain. The company was formed in 2004, but the railway infrastructure it operates was transferred from Euskotren in 2006. It is a member of the International Union of Railways.

The company owns the network in which Euskotren operates (including the Irauregi–Lutxana and Ariz–Basurto freight lines), as well as the infrastructure of the Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz tram systems. It also shares the ownership of lines 1 and 2 of the Bilbao metro with the Biscay Transport Consortium. The company is also building the Gipuzkoan branch of the Basque Y high-speed line under an agreement with ADIF.
Lego: The Adventures of Clutch Powers
Lego: The Adventures of Clutch Powers is a 2010 animated epic action comedy film. The film is based on the concept of the Lego toy series and is the first feature-length film based on the property. It stars the voices of Ryan McPartlin, Yvonne Strahovski, Roger Rose, Jeff Bennett, Paul Michael Glaser, Gregg Berger, Christopher Emerson and Alex Désert.

The film received positive reviews for the action and humor, although the consumerism and the animation were criticized.

Alex Désert
Alex Désert is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in the TV series The Flash, The Heights with Jamie Walters, Becker with Ted Danson, and Mr. Williams on Boy Meets World, as well as the voice of Nick Fury for The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes and Wolverine and the X-Men. Désert has been seen in Mom and Grey's Anatomy. Other television credits include Tyler Perry's House of Payne, House,  A League of Their Own, Reno 911!, and The Sarah Silverman Program. In 2020, he started voicing Carl Carlson and Lou on The Simpsons, replacing Hank Azaria.
South Tees Development Corporation
The South Tees Development Corporation (STDC) is the first mayoral development corporation outside of Greater London, established under the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016. It was created to "promote the economic growth and commercial development of Tees Valley by converting assets in the South Tees area into opportunities for business investment and economic growth".

The jurisdiction comprises approximately 1,800 hectares of land to the south of the River Tees in the Borough of Redcar and Cleveland. The land includes former Teesside Steelworks and other industrial sites and is close to Teesport.

Teesside Steelworks
The Teesside Steelworks was a large steelworks that formed a continuous stretch along the south bank of the River Tees from the towns of Middlesbrough to Redcar in North Yorkshire, England.  At its height there were 91 blast furnaces within a 10-mile radius of the area. By the early 1990s, when No.4 furnace at Cleveland Iron closed there was only one left on Teesside.  Opened in 1979 and located near the mouth of the River Tees, the Redcar blast furnace was the second largest in Europe.

The majority of the steelworks, including the Redcar blast furnace, Redcar and South Bank coke ovens and the BOS plant at Lackenby closed in 2015. The Teesside Beam Mill and some support services still operate at the Lackenby part of the site.

On 1 October 2022, the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) Plant at Lackenby was demolished in one of the largest single explosive demolition operations in the country in 75 years.
Feodor Pryanishnikov
Feodor Ivanovich Pryanishnikov (Russian: Фёдор Иванович Прянишников; 2 February 1793 – 28 April 1867) was a Russian actual privy councillor and postal administrator. At the height of his career (1857–1863), F. I. Pryanishnikov ultimately run the Russian postal department on an equal footing with ministers.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Efraim Benmelech
Efraim Benmelech is a financial economist.

Benmelech is the Henry Bullock Professor of Finance and Real Estate at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, the director of the Guthrie Center for real estate research and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).

He is a winner of the 2011 Brattle Prize for his article "Bankruptcy and Collateral Channel".

In 2013, Benmelech was associate editor of the Journal of Finance and editor of the Review of Corporate Finance Studies.

Benmelech earned his BA and MBA from Hebrew University and his PhD in finance from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

The Journal of Finance
The Journal of Finance is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Finance Association. It was established in 1946. The editor-in-chief is Antoinette Schoar. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.870, ranking it 6th out of 111 journals in the category "Business, Finance" and 16th out of 381 journals in the category "Economics".
1948 British Grand Prix
The Royal Automobile Club International Grand Prix was a motor race held on 2 October 1948, at Silverstone Airfield, Northamptonshire, UK. It is commonly cited as the first British Grand Prix of the modern era.

Held two years before the inauguration of the FIA World Championship of Drivers, the 65-lap race was run under the new Formula One regulations which effectively replaced the pre-war Grand Prix motor racing standards. Winner was the Italian Luigi Villoresi, in a Maserati 4CLT/48. A 13-lap 500 cc race, preceding the Grand Prix, was won by Spike Rhiando in a Cooper. Stirling Moss failed to finish after mechanical problems.

The race meeting marked the opening of the Silverstone Circuit, although at the time the site was only on a one-year loan to the RAC from the Air Ministry, having been a bomber station during World War II.

RAF Silverstone
Royal Air Force Silverstone or more simply RAF Silverstone is a former Royal Air Force (RAF) station, built during the Second World War, and used by the RAF from 1943 until 1947. It straddles the Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire border 10 miles (16 km) south west of Northampton, and is named after the nearby village of Silverstone.

In 1948, the Royal Automobile Club hosted the first British Grand Prix at this location, and the site is now Silverstone Circuit.
SAP Mobile Platform
SAP Mobile Platform (formerly Sybase Unwired Platform) is a mobile enterprise application platform designed to simplify the task of creating applications that connect business data to mobile devices for workflow management and back-office integration. SAP Mobile Platform provides a layer of middleware between heterogeneous back-end data sources, such as relational databases, enterprise applications and files, and the mobile devices that need to read and write back-end data.

Application developers write the business logic of a mobile application using the development tools in SAP Mobile Platform. The product automatically does the translation required to create customized versions of the new application for a wide variety of mobile devices and operating systems. The intent is to make it easier and faster to create complex applications that use multiple data sources and will work on many different mobile devices.

Mobile device
A mobile device or handheld device is a computer small enough to hold and operate in hand. Mobile devices are typically battery-powered and possess a flat-panel display and one or more built-in input devices, such as a touchscreen or keypad. Modern mobile devices often emphasize wireless networking, to both the Internet and to other devices in their vicinity, such as headsets or in-car entertainment systems, via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or near-field communication.
Earthworm Jim 4
Earthworm Jim 4 is a proposed video game in the Earthworm Jim series. It was originally announced by Interplay Entertainment in 2008, and referred to by Interplay as "still in development" in May 2011. Later commentary over the next decade from individual developers would contest its development status, until May 2019, when it was announced that the game was being developed for the Intellivision Amico console. Lack of updates in the years following has again led to the belief that the game is on hold or cancelled.

Interplay Entertainment
Interplay Entertainment Corp. is an American video game developer and publisher based in Los Angeles. The company was founded in 1983 as Interplay Productions by developers Brian Fargo, Jay Patel, Troy Worrell, and Rebecca Heineman, as well as investor Chris Wells. As a developer, Interplay is best known as the creator of the Fallout series and as a publisher for the Baldur's Gate and Descent series.
Kra–Dai-speaking peoples
The term Kra–Dai peoples or Kra–Dai-speaking peoples refers collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and Southeast Asia, stretching from Hainan to Northeast India and from southern Sichuan to Laos, Thailand and parts of Vietnam, who not only speak languages belonging to the Kra–Dai language family, but also share similar traditions, culture and ancestry.

Tai Lue people
The Tai Lü people (Tai Lue: ᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ, Chinese: 傣仂, Dǎi lè, Lao: ລື້, Lư̄, Thai: ไทลื้อ, RTGS: Thai Lue, Vietnamese: Người Lự) are an ethnic group of China, Laos, Thailand, Burma and Vietnam. They speak a Southwestern Tai language.
Amanita australis
Amanita australis is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It produces small- to medium-sized fruit bodies, with brown caps up to 9 centimetres (3+1⁄2 inches) in diameter covered with pyramidal warts. The gills on the underside of the cap are white, closely crowded together, and free from attachment to the stem. The stem, up to 9 cm (3+1⁄2 in) long, has a ring and a bulbous base. The mushroom may be confused with another endemic New Zealand species, A. nothofagi, but can be distinguished by differences in microscopic characteristics.

The species was first described by New Zealand mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962, along with a purported unique species which 30 years later was reduced to synonymy with A. australis. The species is found only in New Zealand, where it occurs in Leptospermum and Nothofagus forests.

Nothofagus
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and eastern and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America.