hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vasyl Sobkov
Vasyl Tymofiyovych Sobkov (Ukrainian: Василь Тимофійович Собков; 20 October 1944 - 1 April 2020), was an officer of the Soviet and later Ukrainian Armed Forces, who had served as the Deputy Minister of Defense from 1994 to 1998.

Sobkov also served as the commander of the Carpathian Military District in post-independence Ukraine from 1992 to 1994. In 1992, Sobkov served as the Chief of the General Staff —  First Deputy Minister of Defense of Ukraine.

Chief of the General Staff (Ukraine)
The Chief of the General Staff (Ukrainian: Начальник Генерального штабу, romanized: Nachalnyk Heneralnoho shtabu, abbr. Ukrainian: НГШ, romanized: NHSh), or CGS, is the head of the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, the military staff of the Forces. He is appointed by the President of Ukraine.

Since a decree by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 28 March 2020, the posts of Chief of the General Staff and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces have been separate. Previously  the Chief of the General Staff also served as the Commander-in-Chief when a civilian was the Minister of Defense (before 1 January 2019 it was not a requirement that the Minister of Defense be a civilian).

The current Chief of the General Staff is Andrii Hnatov.
Global Privacy Control
Global Privacy Control (GPC) is a set of web technologies that can be used to inform websites of the user's wish to have their information not be sold or used by ad trackers. Unlike the now-deprecated Do Not Track header, which was unsuccessful as it was ignored by third parties, GPC is intended to have legal force under privacy laws.

GPC was developed in 2020 by privacy technology researchers including Wesleyan University professor Sebastian Zimmeck and former Chief Technologist of the Federal Trade Commission Ashkan Soltani, as well as a group of privacy-focused companies including the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Automattic (owner of Tumblr and WordPress).

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Lorica segmentata
The lorica segmentata (Latin pronunciation: [ɫoːˈriːka]), also called lorica lamminata, or banded armour is a type of personal armour that was used by soldiers of the Roman army, consisting of metal strips fashioned into circular bands, fastened to internal leather straps.

The lorica segmentata has come to be viewed as symbolic of the Roman legions in popular culture.

Roman legion
The Roman legion (Latin: legiō, Latin: [ˈɫɛɡioː]) was the largest military unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries. During the Roman Republic the manipular legion comprised 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. In late Republican times the legions were formed of 5,200 men and were restructured around 10 cohorts, the first cohort being double strength. This structure persisted throughout the Principate and middle Empire, before further changes in the fourth century resulted in new formations of around 1,000 men.
Bodenwerder
The Münchhausenstadt Bodenwerder (German pronunciation: [boːdn̩ˈvɛʁdɐ] ⓘ) is a town in Holzminden district, Lower Saxony, Germany. It lies on the river Weser and is best known as the birthplace and residence of Baron von Münchhausen.

Holzminden
Holzminden (German pronunciation: [hɔltsˈmɪndn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Holtsminne) is a town in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Holzminden. It is located on the river Weser, which at this point forms the border with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Modder River
The Modder River is a river in South Africa. It is a tributary of the Riet River  that forms part of the border between the Northern Cape and the Free State provinces. The river's banks were the scenes of heavy fighting in the beginning of the Second Boer War at the Battle of Modder River.

There is an inhabited farming place named "Modder River" just north of the confluence between this river and the Riet.

The Modder River is used extensively for irrigation, including the Krugersdrift Dam near Bloemfontein.

Battle of Modder River
The Battle of Modder River (Afrikaans: Slag van die Twee Riviere, lit. 'Battle of the Two Rivers', fought near the confluence of the Modder and Riet Rivers) was an engagement in the Boer War, fought at Modder River, on 28 November 1899. A British column under Lord Methuen, that was attempting to relieve the besieged town of Kimberley, forced Boers under General Piet Cronjé to retreat to Magersfontein, but suffered heavy casualties altogether.
Pavel Haas Quartet
The Pavel Haas Quartet is a Czech string quartet founded in 2002. Their debut album, featuring the second string quartets of Haas and Janáček, received the 2007 Gramophone Award for Chamber music. Reviewer David Fanning described their interpretation as "streamlined but full-blooded". In 2011, their recording of Dvořák’s String Quartets Op. 106 and Op. 96 won Gramophone magazine’s "Recording of the Year" award, the publication’s highest accolade.

Gramophone Classical Music Awards
The Gramophone Classical Music Awards, launched in 1977, are one of the most significant honours bestowed on recordings in the classical record industry. The British awards are often viewed as equivalent to or surpassing the American Grammy Awards, and referred to as the Oscars for classical music. They are widely regarded as the most influential and prestigious classical music awards in the world. According to Matthew Owen, national sales manager for Harmonia Mundi USA, "ultimately it is the classical award, especially worldwide."

The winners are selected annually by critics for the Gramophone magazine and various members of the industry, including retailers, broadcasters, arts administrators, and musicians. Awards are usually presented in September each year in London.
Leon Schiller
Leon Schiller or Leon Schiller de Schildenfeld (14 March 1887 – 25 March 1954) was a Polish theatre and film director, as well as critic and theatre theoretician. He also wrote theatre and radio screenplays and composed music. He was born in Kraków under the Austrian rule during the foreign Partitions of Poland, to a family of Jewish and Austrian origin that had been ennobled by Empress Maria Theresa.

Schiller became famous for his 1934 staging of Adam Mickiewicz's Dziady at Warsaw's Teatr Polski (Polish Theatre).  This was also presented in Lwów (now Lviv; 1932), Wilno (now Vilnius; 1933) as well as in Sofia in Bulgaria (1937).

Arnold Szyfman Polish Theatre
Polish Theatre in Warsaw (Polish: Teatr Polski im. Arnolda Szyfmana w Warszawie) is a theatre in Warsaw, Poland. It is located at ul. Karasia 2. The current artistic director is Andrzej Seweryn.

The theatre was initiated by Arnold Szyfman and designed by Czesław Przybylski. Opened on 29 January 1913, the facility featured Poland's first revolving stage. It is a private enterprise staging Polish and foreign classics, contemporary drama, as well as popular plays.

The theater was  taken over by the Nazis and the building damaged during World War II. It was also the first theatre to be nationalized in Poland.
2008 Tour de Suisse
The 2008 Tour de Suisse was the 72nd edition of the Tour de Suisse road cycling stage race. The race took place from 14 June to 22 June 2008 and is part of the 2008 UCI ProTour. It began in Langnau im Emmental and ended in Bern. The race was won by Roman Kreuziger.

Langnau im Emmental
Langnau im Emmental (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋˌnaʊ̯ ɪm ˈɛməntaːl]) is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

It is situated in the upper Emmental between Bern and Lucerne.

It has about 9,000 inhabitants and is the most important market place in the region. It is set among rolling hills. The average temperature is 7.1 °C (44.8 °F), and the average precipitation is 1,371 mm (54.0 in). The village is one of the sunniest in Switzerland, with practically no fog.
Dore Gold
Isidore "Dore" Gold (Hebrew: איזידור "דורי" גולד‎; 25 July 1953 – 3 March 2025) was an American-born Israeli political scientist and diplomat.

After making aliyah in 1980, Gold worked at the research institutes Moshe Dayan Center for Near East Studies and the Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies, before serving as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Foreign Policy Advisor from 1996 to 1997. He then was appointed Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations, and served in the post until 1999.

Gold was the president of think tank Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs from 2000 to 2022, including an appointment as Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs from May 2015 to October 2016.

Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations
The permanent representative of Israel to the United Nations is the de facto Israel ambassador to the United Nations, with the rank and status of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary.

The permanent mission of Israel to the United Nations is led by Ambassador Danny Danon, who replaced Ron Prosor in 2015, as permanent representative of Israel to the United Nations and former director general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Danon presented his credentials to UN Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson on October 19, 2015. The deputy ambassador is Jonathan Miller.

On May 11, 2020, Benjamin Netanyahu announced that Gilad Erdan, minister of internal security, would be Israel’s new ambassador to the UN and in an unusual move, would also become the ambassador to the United States after the 2020 elections.

The permanent mission of Israel to the United Nations has nearly 30 staff members, including diplomats from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and civil servants.
Paramvir Singh (politician)
Paramvir Singh is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Tohana Assembly constituency as a Member of the Indian National Congress party.

Haryana Legislative Assembly
The Haryana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Hariyāṇā Vidhāna Sabhā) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Haryana. The seating of the assembly is at Chandigarh, the capital of the state. There are 90 seats in the house filled by direct election using a single-member first-past-the-post voting system. The term of office is five years.
Baharul Alam
Baharul Alam is a Bangladeshi physician and retired officer of the Bangladesh Police. He was the 31st Inspector General of Police. He was appointed to the position on November 20, 2024. Prior to his appointment as IGP, he served as the head of hospital at ICDDR,B. He was former director general of the Rapid Action Battalion and former chief of Special Branch.

Inspector General of Police (Bangladesh)
The Inspector General of Police (IGP) (Bengali: পুলিশের মহাপরিদর্শক, romanized: Pulisher Mohāporidôrśok) is the highest-ranking officer and professional head of the Bangladesh Police. The Inspector General of Police is responsible for the overall command, administration, and operational effectiveness of the national police force, overseeing law enforcement, public order, and internal security across the country.

The office is held by a senior officer of the Bangladesh Police and is appointed by the Government of Bangladesh under the supervision of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The IGP also coordinates with other security and law enforcement agencies to ensure public safety and effective policing nationwide.
Tantra (TV series)
Tantra  (transl. Black Magic) is an Indian Hindi language supernatural television series based on black magic which aired from 3 December 2018 to 5 April 2019 on Colors TV. Produced by Siddharth Kumar Tewary under Swastik Productions, it starred Sargun Kaur Luthra, Juhi Parmar, Manish Goel, Gautam Singh Vig and Sameksha.

Gautam Vig
Gautam Vig (born 27 September 1987) is an Indian model and actor. He is best known for his role as Surya Seth in Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2 and  Jordan Junooniyatt. He was also a contestant on Bigg Boss 16. His early on screen appearance can be traced to him playing a college student in Pyaar Ki Ye Ek Kahaani in 2010 for a couple of episodes.
Béarnaise sauce
Béarnaise sauce (/bɛərˈneɪz/; French: [be.aʁ.nɛz] ⓘ; Occitan: Bearnesa) is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolk, white wine vinegar, and herbs.  It is regarded as a "child" of hollandaise sauce. The difference is in the flavoring: béarnaise uses shallot, black pepper, and tarragon, while hollandaise uses white pepper or a pinch of cayenne.

The sauce's name derives from the province of Béarn, France. It is a traditional sauce for steak.

Shallot
The shallot /ʃəˈlɒt/ is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, Allium ascalonicum. The taxon was synonymized with Allium cepa (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species.

As part of the onion genus Allium, its close relatives include garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, and the Chinese onion.
Disney Resort Line
The Disney Resort Line is an automated straddle-beam, Alweg-type monorail line serving the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. Operated by Maihama Resort Line Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Oriental Land Company (OLC), the system connects Maihama Station to major resort destinations including Tokyo Disneyland, Tokyo DisneySea, hotels, and commercial facilities. Passenger service began on 27 July 2001, shortly before the opening of Tokyo DisneySea.

Automatic train operation
Automatic train operation (ATO) is a method of operating trains automatically where the driver is not required or is required for supervision at most. Alternatively, ATO can be defined as a subsystem within the automatic train control, which performs any or all of functions like programmed stopping, speed adjusting, door operation, and similar otherwise assigned to the train operator.

The degree of automation is indicated by the Grade of Automation (GoA), up to GoA4 in which the train is automatically controlled without any staff on board. On most systems for lower grades of automation up to GoA2, there is a driver present to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Driverless automation is primarily used on automated guideway transit systems where it is easier to ensure the safety due to isolated tracks. Fully automated trains for mainline railways are an area of research. The first driverless experiments in the history of train automation  date back to 1920s.
Third Time Lucky (song)
"Third Time Lucky" is a song by Polish-born singer-songwriter Basia, released in 1994 by Epic Records as the fourth single from her third album, The Sweetest Illusion (1994). It was written and produced by Basia Trzetrzelewska and Danny White. The lyrics tell about drawing lessons from failed relationships and having hope for the next partner to be the ultimate.

"Third Time Lucky" also served as the final single from The Sweetest Illusion and was remixed by Johnny Vicious. The single was a minor success on the UK Singles Chart.

Matt Bianco
Matt Bianco are a British band formed in 1983, performing sophisti-pop, jazz-funk and Latin-flavoured music. From around mid- to late-80s, the group scored a number of internationally charting singles, including "Get Out of Your Lazy Bed", "Whose Side Are You On?", "Half a Minute", "Yeh Yeh" and "Don't Blame It on That Girl".

The group's name suggests that Matt Bianco is a person, often assumed to be an alias for the main member and front man Mark Reilly. According to the group, however, Matt is in fact "a made up spy, a secret agent; we loved spy TV themes and film scores; we were really into that 60s spy movie image". Initially, the line-up included Danny White and Basia Trzetrzelewska, who left the band to focus on Basia's solo career, but rejoined Matt Bianco briefly in mid-2000s.
Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve
The Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve (Ojibwe: Dootinaawi-ziibiing) is a First Nation located 35 km (22 mi) east of Roblin, Manitoba, 74 km (46 mi) west of Dauphin, Manitoba, and approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Highway 5. Tootinaowaziibeeng is a Treaty 4 First Nation.

Its main reserve is Valley River 63A, which is bordered by both the Municipality of Roblin and Grandview Municipality, as well as by the Duck Mountain Provincial Forest on its north side. The Valley River runs through the First Nation starting in the northwestern corner and exiting at the southeast.

The total population of the First Nation in 2025 was 1,667, of which about half are at the Valley River reserve and the remainder at various locations off-reserve.

Municipality of Roblin
The Municipality of Roblin is located in western Manitoba, within the Parkland region, near the border with Saskatchewan. It encompasses a mix of rural landscapes, agricultural land, and small urban areas. The municipality serves as a hub for nearby communities, offering essential services, schools, and infrastructure that support residents and surrounding areas.
Enrico Castelnuovo (art historian)
Enrico Castelnuovo (26 May 1929, in Rome – 15 June 2014, in Turin) was an Italian art historian, specialising in medieval Italian art. His essays on Matteo Giovanetti published in 1962 earned him a Viareggio Prize, and in 1991, he received a Feltrinelli Prize from the Accademia dei Lincei along with Paola Barocchi, with whom he later on worked on the restoration of the Camposanto Monumentale di Pisa. He graduated from the University of Turin alongside Anna Maria Brizio, and studied under Roberto Longhi at the University of Florence. He subsequently was a professor emeritus at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and a member of the Accademia dei Lincei, the Accademia di San Luca, and the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno.

Camposanto Monumentale
The Camposanto Monumentale ("Monumental Cemetery"), also Camposanto Vecchio ("Old Cemetery") or simply Campo Santo, is a historical edifice at the northern edge of the Cathedral Square in Pisa, Italy.

Campo Santo can be literally translated as "holy field", because it is said to have been built around a shipload of sacred soil from Golgotha, brought to Pisa from the Third Crusade by Ubaldo Lanfranchi, archbishop of Pisa in the 12th century. A legend claims that bodies buried in that ground will rot in just 24 hours. The burial ground lies over the ruins of the old baptistery of Santa Reparata, the church that once stood where the cathedral now stands.
Omar Elhussieny
Omar Elhussieny (born 3 November 1985) is a retired Egyptian footballer. He is an attacking midfielder, who can also play as a striker or a winger.

Omar Elhussieny won all trophies in Estonia being crowned with FC Levadia Tallinn in 2014 with the titles of Meistriliiga, Estonian Cup and Estonian Super Cup.

FCI Levadia Tallinn
Football Club Infonet Levadia Tallinn, commonly known as FCI Levadia, or simply as Levadia, is a professional football club based in Tallinn that competes in the Meistriliiga, the top flight of Estonian football. The club's home ground is Lilleküla Stadium.

Founded in 1998 in Maardu, the club moved to Tallinn in 2000 and officially affiliated themselves with the capital city in 2004. In 2017, Levadia's first team merged with FCI Tallinn, and became FCI Levadia. Levadia has played in the Meistriliiga since the 1999 season and have never been relegated from the Estonian top division. Levadia are the second most successful club in Estonian football with 31 domestic titles; including 11 Meistriliiga titles, a record 11 Estonian Cups and 9 Estonian Supercups.
Asiana Airlines Flight 733
Asiana Airlines Flight 733 was a domestic Asiana Airlines passenger flight from Seoul-Gimpo International Airport to Mokpo Airport, South Korea. The Boeing 737-500 operating the flight crashed on 26 July 1993, in the Hwawon area of Haenam County, South Jeolla Province. The cause of the accident was determined to be pilot error leading to controlled flight into terrain. 68 of the 116 passengers and crew members on board were killed. The crash resulted in the first hull loss of a 737-500.

Haenam County
Haenam (Haenam-gun) is a county in South Jeolla Province, South Korea.
The capital of Haenam-gun is Haenam-eup (Haenam town).

The economy of the county is based mainly on agriculture, with rice and radish being the two most common crops.
Miles Lerman
Miles Lerman (January 6, 1920 – January 22, 2008) was an American activist who helped plan and create both the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and the memorial at the Bełżec extermination camp. Lerman, a Holocaust survivor himself, had fought as a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II in Nazi German occupied Poland.

Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe
Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe encompassed various forms of organized underground activities undertaken by Jews against German occupational regimes in Europe during World War II. According to historian Yehuda Bauer, Jewish resistance can be defined as any action that defied Nazi laws and policies. The term is particularly associated with the Holocaust and includes a wide range of responses, from social defiance to both passive and armed resistance by Jews themselves.

Due to the overwhelming military power of Nazi Germany and its allies, the system of ghettoization, and the hostility or indifference of various segments of the civilian population, most Jews had limited opportunities for effective military resistance against the Final Solution. Nevertheless, there were numerous instances of resistance, including more than a hundred documented armed uprisings.

Historiographically, the study of Jewish resistance to Nazi rule remains an important aspect of Holocaust research.
Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
Macedonia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Lost and Found" written by Bojan Trajkovski and Darko Dimitrov. The song was performed by the group Eye Cue, which were internally selected by the Macedonian broadcaster Macedonian Radio Television (MRT) to compete for Macedonia at the 2018 contest in Lisbon, Portugal. Eye Cue's appointment as the Macedonian representative was announced on 13 February 2018, while their song, "Lost and Found", was presented to the public on 11 March 2018.

Macedonia was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 8 May 2018. Performing during the show in position 11, "Lost and Found" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Macedonia placed eighteenth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 24 points.

Macedonian Radio Television
Macedonian Radio Television (Macedonian: Македонска радио-телевизија, romanized: Makedonska radio-televizija), or MRT (МРТ) for short, is the public broadcasting organisation of North Macedonia. It was founded in 1993 by the Macedonian Assembly.

Its legally defined service is the production and broadcasting of radio and television programmes of all genres, which should satisfy the public information, cultural, educational and recreational needs of the people of North Macedonia.

MRT is directed by Marijan Cvetkovski. MRT has 1,200 employees.