hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Burpee Appleby
Stephen Burpee Appleby (1830 – December 10, 1903) was a Canadian politician and lawyer.

Appleby was born in Florenceville, New Brunswick. In 1864, Appleby married Harriet Elizabeth Estey. He was called to the New Brunswick bar in 1869. Appleby practised law in Woodstock, New Brunswick. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Liberal Party in an 1873 by-election held in the riding of Carleton after the death of Charles Connell. Appleby was reelected in the 1874 general election. He was defeated in the 1878 election by Connell's son George Heber Connell.

In 1900, Appleby returned to politics as a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.

Charles Connell
Charles Connell (1810 – June 28, 1873) was a Canadian politician, now remembered mainly for placing his image on a 5-cent postage stamp. Born in Northampton in the then-British colony of New Brunswick to a family of Loyalists who had fled the American Revolution, he entered politics in 1846, serving in the colony's Legislative Assembly and House of Assembly.
James Healy Seamount
James Healy Seamount (former names Healy Seamount, Healy Volcano) is a submarine volcano located among the South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts south of New Zealand's Kermadec Islands. It consists of a volcanic cone that reaches a depth of 1,150 metres (3,770 ft) below sea level, two 2–2.5-kilometre-wide (1.2–1.6 mi) and 1.3-kilometre-wide (0.81 mi) calderas, and a parasitic cone that reaches a depth of 950 metres (3,120 ft) below sea level. The flanks of the volcano are covered with pumice and volcanic rocks, and hydrothermal venting occurs inside the caldera.

The caldera appears to have formed in one large explosive eruption that may have generated a pumice raft. Parts of the "Loisels Pumice" in New Zealand are suspected to have originated in this eruption, which took place 590±80 years before present (1950). Healy is also suspected to be the source of a tsunami that impacted Maori communities during the 15th century, and may be a continuing tsunami hazard.

Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1 January 1950 as the commencement date (epoch) of the age scale, with 1950 being labelled as the "standard year". The abbreviation "BP" has been interpreted retrospectively as "Before Physics", which refers to the time before nuclear weapons testing artificially altered the proportion of the carbon isotopes in the atmosphere, which scientists must account for when using radiocarbon dating for dates of origin that may fall after this year.

In a convention that is not always observed, many sources restrict the use of BP dates to those produced with radiocarbon dating; the alternative notation "RCYBP" stands for the explicit "radio carbon years before present".
Six Sonatas for solo violin (Ysaÿe)
Eugène Ysaÿe's set of Six Sonatas for solo violin, Op. 27, was written in July 1923. Each sonata was dedicated to one of Ysaÿe’s contemporary violinists: Joseph Szigeti (No. 1), Jacques Thibaud (No. 2), George Enescu (No. 3), Fritz Kreisler (No. 4), Mathieu Crickboom (No. 5), and Manuel Quiroga (No. 6).

Fritz Kreisler
Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer. One of the most noted violin masters of his day, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing, with marked portamento and rubato. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.
Osinakachukwu Ideozu
Osinakachukwu Ideozu (born July 1965) is a Nigerian businessman and People's Democratic Party politician. He is currently a member of the Senate of Nigeria representing the Rivers West senatorial district. Ideozu was a member and Minority Whip of the Rivers State House of Assembly from 1999 to 2003 where he represented Ahoada East I and was subsequently elected into the Nigerian House of Representatives between 2003 and 2007 where he represented Abua-Odual/Ahoada East Federal Constituency. Ideozu was appointed the Honourable Commissioner of Finance in October 2007 by the then Governor of Rivers State, Chibuike Amaechi, a position he held till June 2009 when the cabinet was dissolved.

Rotimi Amaechi
Chibuike Rotimi AmaechiListenⓘ CON (born 27 May 1965) is a Nigerian politician, who served as the federal minister of transportation of Nigeria from 2015 to 2022 under the administration of President Muhammadu Buhari. He resigned to contest for Nigeria's presidency under the governing All Progressive Congress (APC). He had previously served as governor of oil-rich Rivers State, from 2007 to 2015 and earlier, as speaker of the Rivers State House of Assembly from 1999 to 2007.  On 9 April 2022, Amaechi declared interest to contest in the presidential election in 2023. He polled second position in the APC presidential primaries held in June 2022 behind eventual president Bola Tinubu with 316 delegate votes against Tinubu's 1271 votes.
He is currently a member of the African Democratic Congress (ADC)
Betrayer of Worlds
Betrayer of Worlds is  a science fiction novel  by American writers Larry Niven and Edward M. Lerner, set in the Known Space series. It is a sequel to their previous novels Fleet of Worlds, Juggler of Worlds, and Destroyer of Worlds. Set 70 years before Ringworld, it features returning character Nessus, a young Louis Wu, and the rapidly evolving Gw'oth civilization posing a potential threat to the puppeteer Concordance.

Destroyer of Worlds (novel)
Destroyer of Worlds is a science fiction novel  by American writer Larry Niven and Edward M. Lerner, set in the Known Space series. It is a sequel to their previous novels, Fleet of Worlds and Juggler of Worlds. It is set ten years after Juggler of Worlds, drawing heavily from Protector, but, like the rest of the series, can stand alone.

The plot involves New Terra and the Puppeteers (and the Gw'oth) entering into conflict with a Pak Protector fleet (though not the fleets featured in Protector). It also resolves why Alice Jordan's knowledge about the Pak never entered later novels, and restates the known timeline of the Home conversion to a planet of Protectors.
Gregory Mandel
Gregory Mandel is Provost and Laura H. Carnell Professor of Law at Temple University.  He previously served as Dean of the Temple University Beasley School of Law. He succeeded former Provost JoAnne A. Epps, who returned to the faculty of the Temple University Beasley School of Law before being named acting president of the university in 2023 and dying in office later that year.

JoAnne A. Epps
JoAnne Adrienne Epps (May 28, 1951 – September 19, 2023) was an American legal scholar and academic. After serving as the executive vice president and provost of Temple University, she was the university's 13th president.  She was the first Black woman to be permanently appointed and serve as President of the University.
Hely Yánes
Hely Yánes (born May 25, 1967) is a male light-middleweight boxer from Venezuela, who represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. There he was defeated in the second round of the men's light-middleweight division (– 71 kg) by Kazakhstan's eventual gold medalist Yermakhan Ibraimov. Yánes also competed at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, where he lost in the quarterfinals to Cuba's eventual gold medalist Jorge Gutiérrez.

Jorge Gutiérrez (boxer)
Jorge Gutiérrez Espinosa (born 18 September 1975, in Camagüey) is a former boxer from Cuba. He won the Middleweight Gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Gutiérrez's Olympic results were:

Defeated Somchai Chimlum (Thailand) 20–11

Defeated Antonios Giannoulas (Greece) 20–7

Defeated Adrian Diaconu (Romania) KO 1

Defeated Vugar Alekperov (Azerbaijan) 19–9

Defeated Gaydarbek Gaydarbekov (Russia) 17–15

He was technically too old to compete in the 1994 World Junior Championship. He was 19 years old, born in 1975 (the limit was 1976). He competed anyway and won the gold medal.
Fei Fu Kwan Ying
Fei Fu Kwan Ying, also known by its alternative title Flying Squads, is a 1989 Hong Kong action crime thriller television series produced by TVB and starring Donnie Yen, Pauline Yeung and Eddie Kwan. Originally aired from 7 to 25 August 1989 on TVB Jade, the series reran on TVB's Network Vision channel from 11 to 29 January 2016 on weekends as a part of the special, Our... Donnie Yen (我們的...甄子丹), which began running on the same day.

Pauline Yeung
Pauline Yeung Po-ling (Chinese: 楊寶玲) (born April 17, 1967) is a Hong Kong actress and beauty pageant titleholder who won the 1987 Miss Hong Kong Pageant and did well in other international pageants too. She was born in Hong Kong with ancestry in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. She graduated from Diocesan Girls' School, one of the top schools in Hong Kong, then further her studies in the UK.
Petrila Mine disaster
On November 15, 2008, 12 miners died in two explosions at a mine in Petrila, one of six coal mining cities in the Jiu Valley region of Hunedoara County, Romania. On November 24 another miner died at Floreasca Hospital in Bucharest raising the death toll to 13.

Jiu Valley
The Jiu Valley (Romanian: Valea Jiului pronounced [ˈvale̯a ˈʒi.uluj], Hungarian: Zsil-völgy) is a region in southwestern Transylvania, Romania, in Hunedoara county, situated in a valley of the Jiu River between the Retezat Mountains and the Parâng Mountains. The region was heavily industrialised and the main activity was coal mining, but due to low efficiency, most of the mines were closed down in the years following the collapse of Communism in Romania. For a long time the place was called Romania's biggest coalfield.
Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz
"Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz" (original Spanish title: Biografía de Tadeo Isidoro Cruz) is a short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. The story was first published in the Argentine literary magazine Sur, December 1944, and later included in the short story collection The Aleph and Other Stories in 1949.

It is an example of intertextuality because it is a retelling of the story of Sargeant Cruz, an important character in the epic poem Martín Fierro by José Hernández.

It also contains references to various aspects of Argentine History, such as montoneros, the Cisplatine War, the Argentine Civil Wars, and culturally significant symbols of Argentina, such as the gaucho.

José Hernández (writer)
José Hernández (born José Rafael Hernández y Pueyrredón; 10 November 1834 in Chacras del Perdriel – 21 October 1886 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine journalist, poet, and politician best known as the author of the epic poem Martín Fierro. In his tribute, his birthday is celebrated in Argentina as a national holiday, called Tradition Day.
Zarafshan Bridge
Zarafshan Bridge (Uzbek: Zarafshon suvayirgʻich koʻprigi|Zarafshon water divider  bridge) is an architectural monument located 7–8 km northeast of Samarkand on the left bank of the Zarafshan River (Samarkand Region, Uzbekistan). The bridge was built in the year 1502 by the order of Muhammad Shaybani. It served as a water divider on the Zarafshan River, giving rise to two branches—Akdarya and Karadarya.

Muhammad Shaybani
Muhammad Shaybani Khan (Chagatai and Persian: محمد شیبانی; c. 1451 – 2 December 1510) was an Uzbek leader who consolidated various Uzbek tribes and laid the foundations for their ascendance in Transoxiana and the establishment of the Khanate of Bukhara. He was a Shaybanid or descendant of Shiban (or Shayban). He was the son of Shah-Budag, thus a grandson of the Uzbek conqueror Abu'l-Khayr Khan.
Linn Creek, Missouri
Linn Creek is a city in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 216 at the 2020 census.

The original Linn Creek, which was the former county seat of Camden County, Missouri, is now under water, in the Lake of the Ozarks. Construction of the Bagnell Dam that created the lake was begun August 8, 1929. The county seat was moved to the new town of Camdenton which had its beginnings in 1931.

Camdenton, Missouri
Camdenton is a city in and the county seat of Camden County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Camdenton had a population of 3,960. The city is enveloped by the Lower Niangua arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, and serves as a popular trade point for visitors to the area.
Differentiation in Fréchet spaces
In mathematics, in particular in functional analysis and nonlinear analysis, it is possible to define the derivative of a function between two Fréchet spaces.  This notion of differentiation, as it is Gateaux derivative between Fréchet spaces, is significantly weaker than the derivative in a Banach space, even between general topological vector spaces.  Nevertheless, it is the weakest notion of differentiation for which many of the familiar theorems from calculus hold.  In particular, the chain rule is true.  With some additional constraints on the Fréchet spaces and functions involved, there is an analog of the inverse function theorem called the Nash–Moser inverse function theorem, having wide applications in nonlinear analysis and differential geometry.

Fréchet derivative
In mathematics, the Fréchet derivative is a derivative defined on normed spaces. Named after Maurice Fréchet, it is commonly used to generalize the derivative of a real-valued function of a single real variable to the case of a vector-valued function of multiple real variables, and to define the functional derivative used widely in the calculus of variations.

Generally, it extends the idea of the derivative from real-valued functions of one real variable to functions on normed spaces. The Fréchet derivative should be contrasted to the more general Gateaux derivative which is a generalization of the classical directional derivative.

The Fréchet derivative has applications to nonlinear problems throughout mathematical analysis and physical sciences, particularly to the calculus of variations and much of nonlinear analysis and nonlinear functional analysis.
Queen Fabiola Foundation for Mental Health
The Queen Fabiola Foundation for Mental Health is a Belgian non-profit organization, named after Queen Fabiola. It operates within the framework of the King Baudouin Foundation

The fund was founded on 10 October 2004 on World Mental Health Day. As its main objective the foundation organizes activities in the field of mental health and stimulates the exchange of ideas and good practice between the various organisations and association, which are active in this area.

King Baudouin Foundation
The King Baudouin Foundation (KBF) (Dutch: Koning Boudewijnstichting, KBS; French: Fondation Roi-Baudouin) is a foundation based in Brussels (Belgium). It seeks to change society for the better and invests in inspiring projects and individuals.

The Foundation was set up in 1976, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of King Baudouin's accession to the throne, and has been under the honorary Presidency of Queen Mathilde since 2015.

The Foundation supports projects in Belgium and at the European and international level. To support its international goal, the KBF set up a US public charity and an office in New York City. Since 1999, the KBFUS facilitates philanthropy in the US, Europe and Africa. In 2017, KBFCanada was launched.
New Market, Kolkata
New Market, formally known as Sir Stuart Hogg Market, is a market complex in Kolkata situated on Lindsay Street at Dharmatala. Although primarily "New Market" referred to the original enclosed market, but in local parlance, the entire shopping area along with the market complex is known as "New Market".

Dharmatala
Dharmatala (archaic spelling Dharmotola) is a neighbourhood of Central Kolkata, in Kolkata district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Dharmatala Street has been renamed after Lenin as Lenin Sarani but the neighbourhood up to Wellington Square continues to be referred as Dharmatala. It is a busy commercial area that had come up with the growth of Calcutta during the British Raj and is thus one of the repositories of history in the city.
Family Reunion: A Relative Nightmare
Family Reunion: A Relative Nightmare is a 1995 American comedy television film starring Melissa Joan Hart and Jason Marsden. It was directed by Neal Israel and written by Israel and Patrick J. Clifton. It was originally aired by ABC on April 1, 1995.

Melissa Joan Hart
Melissa Joan Hart (born April 18, 1976) is an American actress, director and producer. She had starring roles as the title characters in the sitcoms Clarissa Explains It All, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, and Melissa & Joey, and appeared as Liz in No Good Nick. She has also appeared in the films Drive Me Crazy (1999), Nine Dead (2009), and God's Not Dead 2 (2016).
Swansea Sound (band)
Swansea Sound are an indie pop band from Kent and Swansea, formed in 2020. The group reunites Amelia Fletcher and Hue Williams, who previously sang together in 1990s indie band The Pooh Sticks. The songs are written by Rob Pursey, Fletchers's husband and long-term musical partner in Heavenly, Marine Research and Tender Trap. Ian Button, formerly of Death in Vegas and Thrashing Doves plays drums. Bob Collins, of The Dentists, plays guitar.

The Dentists
This band is unrelated to the short-lived Nazi punk band of the same name. See Nazi punk for information on the latter.

The Dentists were an English indie rock band from the Medway towns (as part of the Medway scene) in England, who were active from 1984 to 1995. The band's permanent members were Mick Murphy (lead vocals), Bob Collins (guitar) and Mark Matthews (bass). The band also had three different drummers: Ian Smith (1984–1986), Alun Jones (1986–1991) and Rob Grigg (1991–1995). All members participated in writing songs. Mark ('Jock') Reid was Mick Murphy's predecessor as lead singer for the band in 1983 when they were known as The Ancient Gallery.
Urine test
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, which examines the  physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the urine; urine drug screening; and urine pregnancy testing.

Urine organic acids
Urine organic acids is a medical diagnostic test that measures organic acid metabolites in the urine. The metabolites can come from host cells or from flora. The test can be used to exclude the possibility that a person has an inborn error of metabolism, usually one of the organic acidemias. It is also used to look for problems with nutrition or evidence of certain infections or bacterial overgrowth. The usual method of analysis is tandem mass spectrometry.
Martin Filler
Martin Myles Filler (born September 17, 1948) is an American architecture critic. He is best known for his long essays on modern architecture that have appeared in The New York Review of Books since 1985, and which served as the basis for his 2007 book Makers of Modern Architecture, published by New York Review Books.

New York Review Books
New York Review Books (NYRB) is the publishing division of The New York Review of Books. Its imprints are New York Review Books Classics, New York Review Books Collections, The New York Review Children's Collection, New York Review Comics, New York Review Books Poets, and NYRB Lit.
Kedah-class patrol vessel
The Kedah-class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) are six ships based on the MEKO 100 design by Blohm + Voss. Originally, a total of 27 ships were planned, but due to programme delays and overruns, only six were eventually ordered. Their construction began in the early 2000s, and by 2009, all six were in active service. The six vessels are named after Malaysian states.

Blohm+Voss
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships, its most famous product was the World War II battleship Bismarck. In the 1930s, its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company. Following a difficult period after the war, B+V was revived, changing ownership among several owners, such as Thyssen Group and Star Capital.

In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and supplied both the military and civilian markets before becoming subsidiary of Rheinmetall in 2025.

The company  serves two areas – new construction of warships as NVL B.V. & Co. KG, and new construction and refitting of megayachts.
Kavos Weekender
Kavos Weekender is a British reality television series that premiered on ITV2 on 6 January 2013. The series follows a group of 18–24 year olds spending a weekend at a hotel resort. From series 1–3, it was titled The Magaluf Weekender, and was located at Lively Hotel in Magaluf. In 2015, for the fourth series, production was relocated to Ryans Ibiza Apartments, on the island of Ibiza, Spain, and the series was renamed Ibiza Weekender. In 2022, production was relocated to the Morfeas Hotel, Kavos for the tenth series, and the series was renamed Kavos Weekender.

Geordie Shore
Geordie Shore is a British reality television series broadcast on MTV. It debuted on 24 May 2011, and is the British spin-off of the American series Jersey Shore. Set in Newcastle upon Tyne, the show follows the daily lives of a group of young participants. As of 2026, Geordie Shore has aired 26 series, making it one of MTV’s longest-running reality formats. Episodes have also been released on Paramount+ in the United Kingdom alongside MTV UK.
Species III
Species III is a 2004 science fiction action thriller television film. The film is a sequel to Species II (1998) and the third installment of the Species franchise. Directed by Brad Turner, it stars Robin Dunne, Robert Knepper, Sunny Mabrey, Amelia Cooke and John Paul Pitoc. Natasha Henstridge, who was contracted to a trilogy commencing with the first Species film, briefly reprises the role of Eve in the opening scene.

The film premiered on the American Sci Fi Channel on November 27, 2004, and released on DVD on December 7, in both a standard and an unrated version. The film was shot in HD video.

Robert Knepper
Robert Lyle Knepper (born July 8, 1959) is an American actor best known for his role as Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell in the Fox drama series Prison Break (2005–2009, 2017), Samuel Sullivan in the final season of the NBC series Heroes (2009–2010),  Angus McDonough in The CW series iZombie (2015–2018) and Rodney Mitchum in Showtime's revival of Twin Peaks (2017). He has appeared in films such as Hitman (2007), Transporter 3 (2008) and Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016).