hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geminal diol
A geminal diol (or gem-diol for short) is any organic compound having two hydroxyl functional groups (−OH) bound to the same carbon atom. Geminal diols are a subclass of the diols, which in turn are a special class of alcohols. Most of the geminal diols are considered unstable.

The simplest geminal diol is methanediol CH4O2 or H2C(OH)2. Other examples are:

dihydroxymalinic acid (HOOC)2C(OH)2

decahydroxycyclopentane (C(OH)2)5

chloral hydrate (Cl3C)HC(OH)2

Decahydroxycyclopentane
Decahydroxycyclopentane is an organic compound with formula C5O10H10 or C5(OH)10. It is a fivefold geminal diol on a cyclopentane backbone.

The compound can be regarded as the fivefold hydrate of cyclopentanepentone. Indeed, the product referred to in the literature and trade as "cyclopentanepentone pentahydrate" (C5O5·5H2O) is now believed to be the decahydroxycyclopentane.

The compound was synthesized by Heinrich Will in 1861, although for a long time it was believed to be a hydrate of C5O5. It can be prepared by oxidation of croconic acid C5O3(OH)2 with nitric acid. It can be isolated as water-soluble colorless crystals that melt with dehydration at about 115 °C, and slowly decompose at about 160 °C.
Kurt Schmitt
Kurt Paul Schmitt (7 October 1886 – 2 November 1950) was a German jurist versed in economic matters. A supporter of the Nazis since 1930, he joined the Nazi party in 1933, and was made an SS-Brigadeführer in 1935. He was the board chairman of Allianz insurance company from 1921 to 1933 and was the Reich Economy Minister from 1933 to 1934. His antisemitic views led him to believe that the role Jews played in politics, law and the arts was excessive, and had to be drastically curtailed if not eliminated. He was the board chairman of Munich Re during the Second World War. After the fall of the Nazi regime, he was removed from all his positions and underwent denazification procedures which resulted in the payment of a fine.

Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.
Pennsylvania Route 837
Pennsylvania Route 837 (PA 837) is a state route located in western Pennsylvania. The southern terminus of the route is at Pennsylvania Route 88 in the Carroll Township hamlet of Wickerham Manor. The northern terminus is at U.S. Route 19 (US 19) and PA 51 near downtown Pittsburgh at the junction of the Ohio, Allegheny and Monongahela rivers.  The highway parallels the Monongahela River for all of its route with the exceptions of its extreme north and south ends. Popular amusement park Kennywood is located along this route.

Monongahela River
The Monongahela River (/məˌnɒŋɡəˈhiːlə/ mə-NONG-gə-HEE-lə, /-ˈheɪ-/ -⁠HAY-), sometimes referred to locally as the Mon (/mɒn/), is a 130-mile-long (210 km) river on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central West Virginia and Southwestern Pennsylvania. The river flows from the confluence of its west and east forks in north-central West Virginia northeasterly into southwestern Pennsylvania, then northerly to Pittsburgh and its confluence with the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The river includes a series of locks and dams that makes it navigable.
Mawlaik
Mawlaik (Burmese: မော်လိုက် [mɔ̀ laɪʔ]; Shan: မေႃႇလဵၵ်း; /mɔ2 lek4/) is a town in Mawlaik District, Sagaing Region in north-west Myanmar, It is located along the Chindwin River, which is the largest tributary of the country's main river, the Ayeyarwady.

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.
Federal Reserve Deposits
Federal Reserve Deposits, also known as Federal Reserve Accounts, are deposits of gold or, later, Treasury Bills placed by United States banks with the Federal Reserve, the central bank. They are interchangeable with Federal Reserve Notes; both are forms of reserve balances and act as backing for the banks to create their own deposits in the form of loans to customers or to each other.

Federal Reserve Note
Federal Reserve Notes are the currently issued banknotes of the United States dollar. The United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing, within the Department of the Treasury, produces the notes under the authority of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and issues them to the Federal Reserve Banks at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Reserve Banks then circulate the notes to their member banks, at which point they become liabilities of the Reserve Banks and obligations of the United States.

Federal Reserve Notes are legal tender, with the words "this note is legal tender for all debts, public and private" printed on each note. The notes are backed by financial assets that the Federal Reserve Banks pledge as collateral, which are mainly Treasury securities and mortgage agency securities that they purchase on the open market by fiat payment.
Death and state funeral of Jiang Zemin
Jiang Zemin, the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, and the president of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, died on 30 November 2022, at the age of 96, in Shanghai. According to Xinhua News Agency, he died at 12:13 local time, from leukemia and multiple organ failures. Following a private funeral at PLA General Hospital and cremation at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, a state funeral for Jiang was held at the Great Hall of the People the next day on 6 December 2022. It was the first major state funeral held in China since 1997 when Deng Xiaoping died and the first funeral for a Chinese president since 1998 when former president Yang Shangkun died.

People's Liberation Army General Hospital
The People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School (code-named as 301 Hospital; Chinese: 中国人民解放军总医院 中国人民解放军医学院; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Zǒng Yīyuàn Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Yīxué Yuàn) is the central military medical institution of the People's Liberation Army and the largest comprehensive military hospital in China.

The 301 Hospital is located in Beijing, and is administratively affiliated with the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force. The hospital consists of eight major medical centers and a branch in Hainan. Its history can be traced back to the Ninggang Maoping Hospital established by the revolutionary army in 1927. The hospital has long been ranked third in the country and is one of the best hospitals in China. The hospital is open to the public.
Aristide Razu
Aristide Razu, CB, (7 March 1868 – 1950) was a Romanian divisional general, commander of the Romanian 22nd Infantry Division in the 1916 Romanian Campaign against the Central Powers, and of the Romanian 5th Infantry Division during the Battle of Mărășești, 6–19 August 1917, in World War I.

Romanian campaign (1916)
After a series of quick tactical victories over the numerically overpowered Austro-Hungarian forces in Transylvania, in the autumn of 1916, the Romanian Army suffered a series of devastating defeats. These defeats forced the Romanian military and administration to withdraw to Western Moldavia, allowing the Central Powers to occupy two thirds of the national territory, including the Romanian capital, Bucharest.

The main causes of the Romanian Army’s defeat by the numerically inferior German and Austro-Hungarian forces in the campaign of 1916 were the major political interferences in the act of military supervision, the incompetence, the imposture and the cowardice of a significant part of the military echelon of conduct, as well as the lack of an adequate training and troops’ equipment for that specific type of war.
Gary H. Posner
Gary H. Posner (June 2, 1943 – February 26, 2018) was Scowe Professor of Chemistry at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Posner is known for his pioneering research in organocopper chemistry, including his involvement in the development of the Corey–House–Posner–Whitesides reaction.

Organocopper chemistry
Organocopper chemistry is the study of the physical properties, reactions, and synthesis of organocopper compounds, which are organometallic compounds containing a carbon to copper chemical bond. They are reagents in organic chemistry.

The first organocopper compound, the explosive copper(I) acetylide Cu2C2 (Cu+[−C≡C−]Cu+), was synthesized by Rudolf Christian Böttger in 1859 by passing acetylene gas through a solution of copper(I) chloride:

C2H2 + 2 CuCl → Cu2C2 + 2 HCl
Kandoth assault
The Kandoth Assault Names A Clash In 1930 Over Temple Entry. Lower Castes Were Not Allowed To Walk In Front Of The Kandoth Temple Of The Thiyya Castes At Kandoth In Payyanur, Kannur. A.K. Gopalan Led A Procession To Grieve The Harijans And The Thiyyar Leaders And The Thiyyar Women Who Witnessed The Brutal Beating Of A.K.G And The Harijans.

Ezhava
The Ezhavas, (Malayalam: [iːɻɐʋɐ]) also known as Thiyya or Tiyyar (Malayalam: [t̪ijːɐ]) in the Malabar region, and Chegavar/Chovar (Malayalam: [tʃeɡɐʋɐr, tʃoːʋɐr]) in the south, are a community with origins in the region of India presently known as Kerala, where in the 2010s they constituted about 23% of the population and were reported to be the largest Hindu community.

Ezhava dynasties such as the Mannanar existed in Kerala. The British also formed a separate regiment in the British Indian Army called the Thiyyar Regiment in Malabar, which was one of the oldest army regiments in India. The British deployed this unit in various military operations.

The Ezhavas are classified as an Other Backward Class by the Government of India under its system of positive discrimination.
Cynthia Voigt
Cynthia Irving Voigt (born February 25, 1942) is an American writer of books for young adults dealing with various topics such as adventure, mystery, racism and child abuse. Her first book in the Tillerman family series, Homecoming, was nominated for several international prizes and adapted as a 1996 film. Her novel Dicey's Song won the 1983 Newbery Medal.

Voigt received the Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association in 1995 recognizing her contribution in writing for teens.

Margaret A. Edwards Award
The Margaret A. Edwards Award is an American Library Association (ALA) literary award that annually recognizes an author and "a specific body of his or her work, for significant and lasting contribution to young adult literature". It is named after Margaret A. Edwards (1902–1988), the longtime director of young adult services at Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore.

The award was inaugurated in 1988 as the biennial "School Library Journal Young Adult Author Award/Selected and Administered by the American Library Association's Young Adult Services Division". After 1990, it was renamed and made annual. It continues to be sponsored by School Library Journal and administered by the Young Adult Library Services Association, descendant of YASD. The winner is announced during the ALA midwinter meeting and the citation and $2000 cash prize are presented at a luncheon during the ALA annual conference (June 27 – July 2 in 2013).
Toyokawa Inari
Myōgon-ji (妙厳寺), also known as Toyokawa Inari (shinjitai: 豊川稲荷; kyūjitai: 豐川稲荷), is a Sōtō Zen Buddhist temple located in the city of Toyokawa in eastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

Although the temple's main image is that of the thousand-armed form of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Senju Kannon), it is more well-known for its guardian deity Toyokawa Dakini Shinten, a syncretic goddess who assumed characteristics of Inari, the Shinto kami of fertility, rice, agriculture, industry and worldly success. Despite the presence of a torii gate at the entrance (a relic of the amalgamation of Buddhism and native beliefs before the early modern period), the institution is a Buddhist temple and has no overt association with the Shinto religion.

Sōtō
Sōtō Zen or the Sōtō school (曹洞宗, Sōtō-shū) is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and Ōbaku). It is the Japanese line of the Chinese Caodong school, which was founded during the Tang dynasty by Dongshan Liangjie. It emphasizes Shikantaza, meditation with no objects, anchors, or content. The meditator strives to be aware of the stream of thoughts, allowing them to arise and pass away without interference.

The Japanese brand of the sect was imported in the 13th century by Dōgen Zenji, who studied Caodong Buddhism (Chinese: 曹洞宗; pinyin: Cáodòng Zōng) abroad in China. Dōgen is remembered today as the ancestor of Sōtō Zen in Japan along with Keizan Jōkin.

With about 14,000 temples, Sōtō is one of the largest Japanese Buddhist organizations. Sōtō Zen is now also popular in the West, and in 1996 priests of the Sōtō Zen tradition formed the Soto Zen Buddhist Association based in North America.
El Salvador at the 2023 Pan American Games
El Salvador competed at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile from October 20 to November 5, 2023. This was El Salvador's 19th appearance at the Pan American Games, having competed at every edition of the games.

On 5 October 2023, the El Salvador Olympic Committee officially named the team of 80 athletes (35 men and 45 women) competing in 23 sports (e-sports total of 1 is not included).

Surfers Amado de Jesús Alvarado and Sindy Portillo were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile, archer Roberto Hernández and roller speed skater Ivonne Nóchez were the country's flagbearers during the closing ceremony.

2023 Pan American Games
The 2023 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2023), officially the XIX Pan American Games (Spanish: XIX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Santiago 2023, were an  international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, held in Santiago, Chile from 20 October to 5 November 2023; preliminary rounds in certain events began on 18 October 2023. These are the first Pan American Games to be held in Chile, and the eighth to be held in South America.

The games were held in 39 venues across the Santiago Metropolitan Region and another three regions of Chile. The Pan American Games and the 2023 Parapan American Games were organized by the Santiago Organizing Committee for the 2023 Pan and Parapan American Games.
Cebuano grammar
Cebuano grammar encompasses the rules that define the Cebuano language, the most widely spoken of all the languages in the Visayan Group of languages, spoken in Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, part of Leyte island, part of Samar island, Negros Oriental, especially in Dumaguete, and the majority of cities and provinces of Mindanao.

Cebuano has eight basic parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, particles, prepositions and conjunctions. Cebuano is an agglutinative yet partially inflected language: pronouns are inflected for number, and verbs are inflected for aspect, focus, and mood.

Adverb
An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, or level of certainty by answering questions such as how, in what way, when, where, to what extent. This is called the adverbial function and may be performed by an individual adverb, by an adverbial phrase, or by an adverbial clause.

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. Modern linguists note that the term adverb has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, used to classify words with various types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc.).
Clapton Moor
Clapton Moor is a 40-hectare (99-acre) Avon Wildlife Trust nature reserve and part of the Gordano Valley, Clapton Moor, Middle Bridge and rhynes Site of Nature Conservation Interest in Somerset, England.

Clapton Moor is located in the Gordano Valley region of North Somerset. Precisely, north of Clevedon lane, in between the villages of Weston-in-Gordano and Clapton-in-Gordano. The nature reserve lies within the borders of the Clapton-in-Gordano civil parish.

Access to the reserve is restricted for non-permit holders, but a public footpath passes through the reserve from Clapton Drove to Clevedon lane. There is a path which leads to a bird hide in the south of the reserve, and a bridge across a large rhyne near the eastern boundary.

Rhyne
A rhyne (Somerset), rhine/rhyne (Gloucestershire), or reen (South Wales) (all pronounced /ˈriːn/ "reen"; from Old English ryne or Welsh rhewyn or rhewin "ditch") is a drainage ditch, or canal, used to turn areas of wetland close to sea level into useful pasture. Water levels will usually be controlled by a system of sluice gates and pumps. Rhynes have been used extensively in the United Kingdom.
SPH Media
SPH Media Trust (SMT), trading as SPH Media, is a mass media company in Singapore. It was incorporated on 19 July 2021 as a company limited by guarantee, having been spun off from Singapore Press Holdings as part of a restructuring. It owns several major newspapers in the country, including the English-language The Straits Times and The Business Times, Chinese-language Lianhe Zaobao and Shin Min Daily News, Malay-language Berita Harian, and the Tamil Murasu. The company also publishes magazines and operates five radio stations.

It forms part of a duopoly of the country's mass media, alongside the state-owned enterprise Mediacorp. SPH Media has over 2,500 employees, including a team of approximately 1,000 journalists, including correspondents operating around the world.

Tamil Murasu
Tamil Murasu (Tamil: தமிழ் முரசு) is a Singapore-based Tamil-language newspaper officially launched on 2 May 1936 by Thamizhavel G. Sarangapani, Tamil Murasu is Singapore's only Tamil-language newspaper. It is one of the sixteen newspapers in Singapore.
Landry River (Manic Deux Reservoir tributary)
The Landry River (in French: rivière Landry) is a tributary of Manic 2 Reservoir, which is crossed from North to South by Manicouagan River. It flows into the non organized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in Quebec, in Canada.

Manicouagan River
The Manicouagan or Manicuagan River, often clipped to Manic, is a river in Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. The river originates in the Manicouagan Reservoir and flows approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south, emptying into the Saint Lawrence River near Baie-Comeau.  The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded impact crater (astrobleme). It was formed following the impact of a 5-kilometre-diameter (3.1 mi) asteroid which excavated a crater originally about 100 km (62 mi) wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about 72 km (45 mi). The Manicouagan impact structure is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.
Austrian Warmblood
An Austrian Warmblood is a warmblood type of horse registered with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Warmblutzucht in Österreich (Association of Warmblood Breeding in Austria (AWÖ)). Although the studbook is made up of jumping and dressage horses from many other countries, the mare base consists of native horses with a long history. The AWÖ keeps an open studbook, in which mares and stallions must pass rigorous inspections before becoming breeding stock.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
The Rubens
The Rubens are an Australian alternative rock band from Menangle, New South Wales. The band comprises the three Margin brothers, Izaac, Sam and Elliott, Scott Baldwin and William Zeglis. Their debut self-titled album The Rubens gained them domestic success with it reaching number 3 on the ARIA Charts and being nominated for a J Award for Album of the Year.

J Awards
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards, established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J, and which also extend to sister stations, Triple J Unearthed and Double J. The awards are presented through on-air ceremony held in November each year as part of Triple J's Ausmusic Month.
Stoke Gifford depot
Stoke Gifford depot (or the Filton Triangle depot) is a railway depot built for AT300 units from the Hitachi A-train procured under the Intercity Express Programme. The depot is situated between Filton and Stoke Gifford at a junction intersection of the Cross Country Route, South Wales Main Line and the Filton to Avonmouth Docks line. It is operated by Agility Trains as part of its contract to maintain the Class 800 fleet operated by Great Western Railway.

Henbury Loop Line
The Henbury Loop Line, also known as the Filton to Avonmouth Line, is a railway line following the boundary between Bristol and South Gloucestershire between the Severn Beach Line at Hallen Marsh Junction, Avonmouth and the Cross Country Route/South Wales Main Line at Filton. It is currently only used for freight.
Serbs in Germany
Serbs in Germany are German citizens of ethnic Serb descent and Serbian citizens living in Germany. According to data from 2024, there were 272,690 Serbian citizens in Germany, while estimated number of people of Serb ethnic descent stands at around 387,000, representing the largest group within the global Serb diaspora.

Serb diaspora
The Serb diaspora (Serbian: Српска дијаспора, romanized: Srpska dijaspora) consists of ethnic Serbs and their descendants living outside Serbia and its neighboring countries. Recent estimates indicate that about 1.6 million ethnic Serbs and their descendants live abroad, predominantly in Europe and, to a much lesser extent, overseas (primarily in North America and Oceania).

Serbs in the countries bordering Serbia, commonly termed "Serbs in the Region" (Срби у Региону, Srbi u Regionu), are not regarded as part of the Serb diaspora, since they constitute autochthonous communities that have the legal status of recognized ethnic minorities or, in case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the constituent peoples.