hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quartus supra
Quartus supra ([Twenty-]four) is an encyclical of Pope Pius IX, dated 6 January 1873, addressed to the Armenian Catholic Church. The encyclical discusses the then-ongoing schism within the Patriarchate of Cilicia, the election of bishops, and supremacy of the Holy See.

Appointment of Catholic bishops
The appointment of bishops in the Catholic Church is a complicated process. Outgoing bishops, neighbouring bishops, the faithful, the apostolic nuncio, various members of the Roman Curia, and the pope all have a role in the selection. The exact process varies based upon a number of factors, including whether the bishop is from the Latin Church or one of the Eastern Catholic Churches, the geographic location of the diocese, what office the candidate is being chosen to fill, and whether the candidate has previously been ordained to the episcopate.
Lawrence Hargrave Drive
Lawrence Hargrave Drive, part of the Grand Pacific Drive, is a scenic coastal road and popular tourist drive connecting the northernmost suburbs of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, to Wollongong, in the south, and Sydney, in the north across the scenic Sea Cliff Bridges. It was named after Lawrence Hargrave, an Australian aviation pioneer who lived nearby.

Grand Pacific Drive
The Grand Pacific Drive is a scenic drive in New South Wales, Australia.

Starting in the Royal National Park, it crosses the Sea Cliff Bridge and continues through Wollongong, Shellharbour, Kiama, and the Shoalhaven on a total length of 140 kilometres (87 mi).
Marlin Model 1894
The Marlin Model 1894 is a lever-action repeating rifle introduced in 1894 by the Marlin Firearms Company of North Haven, Connecticut. At its introduction the rifle came with a 24-inch barrel and was chambered for a variety of rounds such as .25-20 Winchester, .32-20 Winchester, .38-40, and .44-40. Variants in other chamberings remain in production today.

Even though both are lever-action rifles and named similarly, the Marlin 1894 is different from the Winchester Model 1894.

.38-40 Winchester
The .38-40 Winchester (10.17x33mmR) is actually a .40 caliber (10 mm) intermediate cartridge shooting .401 in (10.2 mm) caliber bullets. The cartridge was introduced by Winchester in 1874 and is derived from their .44-40 Winchester. This cartridge was introduced for rifles, but in its reintroduction for cowboy action shooting it has seen some popularity as a revolver cartridge. It is not particularly well suited to hunting larger game, but it was popular when it was introduced, along with the previous .44-40 Winchester, for deer hunting. It can be used successfully on smaller game animals, and for self-defense. Current loadings are intended for revolvers.
Proplatynotia
Proplatynotia is an extinct genus of varanoid lizard from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Fossils have been found in the Barun Goyot Formation, which is mid-Campanian in age. The type and only species, P.  longirostrata, was named in 1984.

Varanoidea
Varanoidea is a superfamily of lizards, including the well-known family Varanidae (the monitors and goannas). Also included in the Varanoidea are the Lanthanotidae (earless monitor lizards), and the extinct Palaeovaranidae.

Throughout their long evolutionary history, varanoids have exhibited great diversity, both in habitat and form. This superfamily includes the largest-known terrestrial lizard, Megalania (~5 meters), and the largest extant lizard, the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis, ~3 meters).
Việt Điện U Linh Tập
Việt Điện U Linh Tập (chữ Hán: 粵甸幽靈集 or 越甸幽靈集 lit. 'Collection of Stories on the Shady and Spiritual World of the Viet Realm') is a collection of Vietnamese history written in chữ Nho compiled by Lý Tế Xuyên in 1329.

The English "Viet Realm" (or "Yue Territory") derives from alternative Chinese characters designating Vietnam under Chinese rule. Chinese sources tend to use the Chinese title Yuedian (粵甸, Yue as in Nanyue) whereas Vietnamese sources tend to use the title Việt Điện (越甸). The use differs in selection of different chữ Hán characters for Viet/Yue. The text gives not only a commentated history of historical figures, but also their roles as spirits in the afterlife according to the traditions developed in Vietnam's Mahayana Buddhism. The text also cited from contributions of Tang dynasty author Zhao Chang (fl. 791–802) and Zeng Gun (f. 866–897) who ruled the Protectorate General to Pacify the South (northern Vietnam).

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
Sarazino
Sarazino (born Lamine Fellah, 3 March 1970 in Constantine, Algeria) is an Algerian musician, songwriter and record producer, who first created the Sarazino project in 1995 while living in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Constantine, Algeria
Constantine (Arabic: قسنطينة, romanized: Qusanṭīnah), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honour of Emperor Constantine the Great. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) from the Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River.

Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial centre of its region and has a population of about 450,000 (938,475 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. There are several museums and historical sites located around the city. Constantine is often referred to as the "City of Bridges" because of the numerous picturesque bridges connecting the various hills, valleys, and ravines that the city is built on and around.

Constantine was named the Arab Capital of Culture in 2015.
Baron Geddes
Baron Geddes, of Rolvenden in the County of Kent, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 28 January 1942 for the prominent Conservative politician and former Ambassador to the United States, Sir Auckland Geddes. As of 2017 the title is held by his grandson, the third Baron, who succeeded his father in 1975. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, and sits on the Conservative benches.

Sir Eric Geddes, British Minister of Munitions and First Lord of the Admiralty during the First World War, was the elder brother of the first Baron.

Margaret Geddes, who married Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine, son of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, was the daughter of the first Baron.

The family seat is in Steeple Ashton, Wiltshire.

Auckland Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes
Auckland Campbell Geddes, 1st Baron Geddes, GCMG, KCB, PC, FRSE (21 June 1879 – 8 June 1954) was a British academic, soldier, politician and diplomat. He was a member of David Lloyd George's coalition government during the First World War and also served as Ambassador to the United States.
Geoncheonri Formation
The Geoncheonri Formation (Korean: 건천리층; Hanja: 乾川里層; RR: Geoncheolli-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) geologic formation of the Hayang Group in the Gyeongsang Basin of southeast South Korea. Fossil ornithopod tracks, as well as fossils of Kirgizemys have been reported from the lacustrine siltstones and mudstones of the formation.

Ornithopoda
Ornithopoda (/ˌɔːrnəˈθɒpədə/) is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (/ˈɔːrnəθəˌpɒdz, ɔːrˈnɪθ-/). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively small-sized, while advanced members of the subgroup Iguanodontia became quadrupedal and developed large body size. Their major evolutionary advantage was the progressive development of a chewing apparatus that became the most sophisticated ever developed by a non-avian dinosaur, rivaling that of modern mammals such as the domestic cow. They reached their apex of diversity and ecological dominance in the hadrosaurids (colloquially known as 'duck-bills'), before they were wiped out by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event along with all other non-avian dinosaurs. Members are known worldwide.
Evolutionary arms race
In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling the geopolitical concept of an arms race. These are often described as examples of positive feedback.  The co-evolving gene sets may be in different species, as in an evolutionary arms race between a predator species and its prey, or a parasite and its host.  Alternatively, the arms race may be between members of the same species, as in the manipulation/sales resistance model of communication or as in runaway evolution or Red Queen effects. One example of an evolutionary arms race is in sexual conflict between the sexes, often described with the term Fisherian runaway. Thierry Lodé emphasized the role of such antagonistic interactions in evolution leading to character displacements and antagonistic coevolution.

Red Queen hypothesis
The Red Queen hypothesis is a hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposed in 1973, that species must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate in order to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing species. The hypothesis was intended to explain the constant (age-independent) extinction probability as observed in the paleontological record caused by co-evolution between competing species; however, it has also been suggested that the Red Queen hypothesis explains the advantage of sexual reproduction (as opposed to asexual reproduction) at the level of individuals, and the positive correlation between speciation and extinction rates in most higher taxa.
Stanislas de Guaita
Stanislas de Guaita (6 April 1861, Tarquimpol, Moselle – 19 December 1897, Tarquimpol) was a French poet based in Paris, an expert on esotericism and European mysticism, and an active member of the Rosicrucian Order. He was very celebrated and successful in his time. He had many disputes with other people who were involved with occultism and magic.  Occultism and magic were part of his novels.

Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism (/ˌroʊzɪˈkruːʃəˌnɪzəm, ˌrɒzɪ-/) is a spiritual and cultural movement influenced by Esoteric Christianity and Hermeticism that arose in early modern Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts announcing to the world a new secret society. Rosicrucianism is symbolized by the Rose Cross or Rosy Cross. There have been several Rosicrucian (or Rosicrucian-inspired) organizations since the initial movement was founded, including the Order of the Golden and Rosy Cross (1750s–1790s), the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia (1865–present), and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (1887–1903).
Zafiro Respicio
Zafiro Lucas Respicio (August 11, 1947 – March 10, 2014), also known by his nickname Zaf, was a Filipino politician, lawyer and political activist who served as OIC mayor of Davao City from 1986 to 1987. A former student leader, Respicio was one of the leading opposition figures in Mindanao against the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Officer in Charge (Philippines)
The position of Officer in Charge (OIC) in the context of Philippine governance refers to an official serving their position in an interim or temporary basis or even as the Caretaker or Custodian of the office. The position of OIC is distinct from an official serving in an "Acting" capacity.
Vlinder Guyot
Vlinder Guyot (also known as Alba Seamount) is a guyot in the Western Pacific Ocean. It rises to a depth of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and has a flat top covering an area of 40 by 50 kilometres (25 mi × 31 mi). On top of this flat top lie some volcanic cones, one of which rises to a depth of 551 metres (1,808 ft) below sea level. Vlinder Guyot has noticeable rift zones, including an older and lower volcano to the northwest and Oma Vlinder seamount south.

Vlinder Guyot formed about 95 million years ago, presumably as a consequence of hotspot volcanism. The volcanic island became an atoll with active reefs that eventually drowned in the Albian-Cenomanian, although renewed volcanic activity until the Miocene sometimes sustained shallow water environments. The guyot is currently settled by numerous types of animals and is part of an area leased for mining purposes.

Guyot
In marine geology, a guyot (/ˈɡiː.oʊ, ɡiːˈoʊ/), also called a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea. The diameters of these flat summits can exceed 10 km (6 mi). Guyots are most commonly found in the Pacific Ocean, but they have been identified in all the oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They are analogous to tables (such as mesas) on land.
Dietmar Schneider
Dietmar Schneider (born 28 October 1943 in Rabenstein (now Chemnitz), Saxony, Germany) is a German internist, neurologist and an extra-curricular professor for neurological intensive care medicine (Critical Care Neurology), 1997 at the University of Leipzig Medical Center.

Intensive care medicine
Intensive care medicine, usually called critical care medicine, is a medical specialty that deals with seriously or critically ill patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from conditions that may be life-threatening. It includes providing life support, invasive monitoring techniques, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. Doctors in this specialty are often called intensive care physicians, critical care physicians, or intensivists.

Intensive care relies on multidisciplinary teams composed of many different health professionals. Such teams often include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, and pharmacists, among others. They usually work together in intensive care units (ICUs) within a hospital.
KAYQ
KAYQ (97.1 FM, "The Lake") is a radio station  broadcasting a Country / Yacht Rock hybrid format, licensed to Warsaw, Missouri, United States. The station was established in 1980 and owned by Valkyrie Broadcasting until February 2025, when Todd Nixon's Sticks Media bought the station for $135,000. KAYQ was the third station to be obtained by Sticks Media.

On March 17th, 2025, Sticks Media fully relaunched 97.1 The Lake's presence in Missouri's Truman Lake region with a new website, dedicated social media pages, a new on-air schedule featuring Kenny Treece (Treecerman) in mornings and Todd Nixon in afternoons, and a musical shift from classic country to country variety with a "yacht" presence. The station's tagline is "Come on in, the music's fine!"

Yacht rock
Yacht rock (originally known as the West Coast sound or adult-oriented rock) is a broad music style and aesthetic commonly associated with soft rock, one of the most commercially successful genres from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. Drawing on sources such as smooth soul, smooth jazz, R&B, and disco, common stylistic traits include high-quality production, clean vocals, and a focus on light, catchy melodies. The term yacht rock was coined in 2005 by the makers of the online comedy video series Yacht Rock, who connected the music with the popular Southern Californian leisure activity of boating. It was considered a pejorative term by some music critics.
Okapi BM25
In information retrieval, Okapi BM25 (BM is an abbreviation of best matching) is a ranking function used by search engines to estimate the relevance of documents to a given search query. It is based on the probabilistic retrieval framework developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Stephen E. Robertson, Karen Spärck Jones, and others.

The name of the actual ranking function is BM25. The fuller name, Okapi BM25, includes the name of the first system to use it, which was the Okapi information retrieval system, implemented at London's City University in the 1980s and 1990s. BM25 and its newer variants, e.g. BM25F (a version of BM25 that can take document structure and anchor text into account), represent TF-IDF-like retrieval functions used in document retrieval.

Karen Spärck Jones
Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a self-taught programmer and a pioneering British computer and information scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency (IDF), a technology that underlies most modern search engines. She was an advocate for women in computer science, her slogan being, "Computing is too important to be left to men." In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her "a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field." From 2008, to recognise her achievements in the fields of information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP), the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded annually to a recipient for outstanding research in one or both of her fields.
My Life in Versailles
My Life in Versailles (French: La Vie de château) is a French animated comedy short film directed by Clémence Madeleine-Perdrillat and Nathaniel H'Limi. Released in 2019, it won the jury prize at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival the same year. This film is the starting point of a series of five 26-minute-long episodes and a children's illustrated book.

Annecy International Animation Film Festival
The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (French: Festival international du film d'animation d'Annecy, officially abbreviated in English as the Annecy Festival, or simply Annecy) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became an annual event in 1998.
Miss Panamá 2015
Miss Panamá 2015 was held at the Megapolis Convention Center on Monday, August 24, 2015. The event was broadcast on Telemetro.

Miss Panamá 2014, Yomatzy Hazlewood of Darién crowned her successor Gladys Brandao of Los Santos, as the Miss Panama. Nicole Pinto, Miss World Panama 2014 of Panamá Oeste, crowned her successor, Diana Jaen of Cocle, as the Miss World Panama winner and Marisel Franco of Veraguas crowned her successor Catherine Agrazal of Veraguas.

Brandao later competed in Miss Universe 2015, which was held on December 20 at Zappos Theater in Las Vegas, Nevada. Jaén represented Panama in Miss World 2015, which was held on December 19 at the Crown of Beauty Theatre in Sanya, Hainan.

Miss Universe 2015
Miss Universe 2015 was the 64th Miss Universe pageant, held at The AXIS in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, on December 20, 2015. This was the first edition of the pageant to be held under the ownership of WME/IMG, which purchased the Miss Universe Organization from Donald Trump on September 14, 2015. Consequently, it was also the first Miss Universe event to be aired by Fox and Azteca as the pageant's respective English and Spanish broadcasters instead of NBC.

At the conclusion of the event, Paulina Vega of Colombia crowned Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines as Miss Universe 2015. It was the Philippines' third victory after 42 years in the pageant's history.

Contestants from eighty countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition featured Steve Harvey as host and Roselyn Sánchez as backstage host. Charlie Puth, The Band Perry, and Seal performed in this year's pageant.
Maattoly
Maattoly is a 1978 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by A. Bhimsingh and starring M. G. Soman, Sharada, Sukumari, Jayabharathi, and Jagannatha Varma. It is a remake of the 1972 Hindi film Dushmun. The last Malayalam film of Bhimsingh, it was released on 25 April 1978, three months after his death.

Sarada (actress)
Thadiparthi Saraswati Devi (born 12 June 1945), better known by her stage name Sarada, is an Indian actress and politician. Though known for her work predominantly in Telugu and Malayalam cinema, she has also appeared in Tamil, Hindi and Kannada language films.

Sarada is a three-time recipient of the National Film Award for Best Actress for her roles in Thulabharam (1968), Swayamvaram (1972), and Nimajjanam (1977). She is also known as Urvasi Sarada – the National Film Award for Best Actress was officially designated the Urvasi Award. Sarada also won the NTR National Award by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for her contributions to Indian cinema. In 2024, she was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award by the Government of Kerala, for her contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Nellie Jimmie
Nellie Darlene Jimmie (Yup'ik: Unangik; born 1979) is an American politician and community leader serving as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives for district 38. She previously operated a local business and was a representative on the Alaska Village Electric Cooperative board for Toksook Bay, Alaska.

Toksook Bay, Alaska
Toksook Bay (TOOK-sook or TUCK-sook) is a city and village on Nelson Island in Bethel Census Area, Alaska. As of the 2020 census, Toksook Bay had a population of 658.

Toksook Bay (pronounced Tuqsuk Bay in Yup'ik) was established in 1964 by residents of nearby Nightmute. Nunakauyaq is its ‘real name’. Almost the entire population are members of the Alaska Native Nunakauyarmiut ("People of Nunakauyaq"), who rely on fishing and other subsistence activities.
Evansville and Ohio Valley Railway
Evansville and Ohio Valley Railway was a transit operator in Indiana and Kentucky. The company operated local services in Evansville as well as longer-distance routes to outlying towns; it additionally operated the local transit system of Owensboro, Kentucky. The company originally consolidated the existing interurbans and streetcars in the area, but would transition to buses by 1939.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Delia Ramirez
Delia Catalina Ramirez (born June 2, 1983) is an American politician serving as  the U.S. representative for Illinois's 3rd congressional district since 2023. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Before her election to the US House of Representatives, Ramirez served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 4th district from 2018 to 2023. The 4th district includes the Chicago neighborhoods of East Humboldt Park, Hermosa, Bucktown, West Town, Ukrainian Village, East Village, and Logan Square. Ramirez was elected to the House in 2018 and reelected in 2020. She was the first Guatemalan American elected to the Illinois General Assembly.

In 2022, Ramirez was elected to the United States House of Representatives in Illinois's 3rd congressional district.

Humboldt Park, Chicago
Humboldt Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the West Side of Chicago. The Humboldt Park neighborhood is known for its dynamic social and ethnic demographic change over the years. The Puerto Rican community has identified strongly with the area since the 1970s. Humboldt Park is also the name of the Chicago Park District's historic 207-acre (0.8 km2) park or public garden adjacent to the community area.