hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Science in the ancient world
Science in the ancient world encompasses the earliest history of science from the protoscience of prehistory and ancient history to late antiquity. In ancient times, culture and knowledge were passed through oral tradition. The development of writing further enabled the preservation of knowledge and culture, allowing information to spread accurately.

The earliest scientific traditions of the ancient world developed in the Ancient Near East, with Ancient Egypt and Babylonia in Mesopotamia. Later traditions of science during classical antiquity were advanced in ancient Persia, Greece, Rome, India, China, and Mesoamerica. Aside from alchemy and astrology that waned in importance during the Age of Enlightenment, civilizations of the ancient world laid the roots of modern sciences.

Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Pre-classic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and Postcolonial, or the period after independence from Spain (1821–present).

The periodisation of Mesoamerica by researchers is based on archaeological, ethnohistorical, and modern cultural anthropology research dating to the early twentieth century. Archaeologists, ethnohistorians, historians, and cultural anthropologists continue to work to develop cultural histories of the region.
Aaron Peskin
Aaron Dan Peskin (born June 17, 1964) is an American former elected official in San Francisco, California. He was a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 3 from 2001 to 2009, and again from 2015 to 2025.

District 3 includes the neighborhoods of North Beach, Chinatown, Telegraph Hill, North Waterfront, Financial District, Nob Hill, Union Square, Maiden Lane, Polk Gulch and part of Russian Hill.

At the end of his second set of two terms as Supervisor, Peskin ran as a candidate in the 2024 San Francisco mayoral election, where he placed third behind incumbent mayor London Breed and winner Daniel Lurie.

During his tenure on the Board of Supervisors, Peskin has been known both as a "neighborhood preservationist" by supporters or as a "NIMBY" by critics, as he has regularly sought to block new housing and other developments.

Daniel Lurie
Daniel Lawrence Lurie (born February 4, 1977) is an American politician and philanthropist who is the 46th and incumbent mayor of San Francisco, serving since 2025. He was elected in 2024, having defeated mayor London Breed. He is the founder and former CEO of Tipping Point Community.
Frank Wrathall
Frank Brian Wrathall Jr. (born 4 October 1986 in Lancaster) is a British racing driver who has competed in the British Touring Car Championship. He won his first race on 21 October 2012 in the final race of the 2012 BTCC season.

Having graduated from karting in 2007, Wrathall made his car racing debut in the Ginetta G20 Championship. Having spent a single season in the series, he then switched to the Ginetta G50 Cup for 2008, going on to win the title in 2010. He joined the British Touring Car Championship in 2011, driving for the family-run Dynojet Racing Team.

Following a 21-month prison sentence for causing death by careless driving in 2014, Wrathall has not returned to the BTCC.

Ginetta GT4 Supercup
The Ginetta GT4 Supercup is a one-make racing, Sports car racing series based in the United Kingdom, using identical Ginetta G50 and G55 sports cars. The championship supported the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) until the end of the 2022 season, then became a class in the British Endurance Championship run by Britcar.

The championship began as the Ginetta G50 Cup in 2008, supporting the British Formula Three Championship and British GT Championship. In 2009 it moved to support the BTCC. In 2011, with the introduction of the Ginetta G55, the championship became the Ginetta GT Supercup, running a multi class format for the two different cars. For the 2014 season, the championship was rebranded as the Ginetta GT4 Supercup, with both the G50 and G55 cars running in a single, performance balanced class.
Ijazat (TV series)
Ijazat (transl. Permission) is a Pakistani television series that premiered on ARY Digital on 6 May 2010. It is produced by Samina Humayun Saeed and Shehzad Naseeb under banner Six Sigma Plus and directed by Misbah Khalid. Humayun Saeed and Ayesha Khan played the lead roles in the series.

Humayun Saeed
Humayun Saeed (born 27 July 1971) is a Pakistani actor and producer. Describing himself as a method actor, Saeed is primarily known for his work on Pakistani television and cinema and is the recipient of several accolades, including Lux Style Awards and ARY Film Awards. Saeed also runs the Six Sigma Plus media production house  which produces television drama serials and commercial movies.
The Collection (1993 Baccara album)
The Collection is a compilation album by Spanish duo Baccara released on label BMG-Ariola in 1993. This compilation includes recordings by the original formation of the duo, Mayte Mateos and María Mendiola, taken from their RCA-Victor studio albums Baccara (1977), Light My Fire (1978), Colours (1979), Bad Boys (1981) and the greatest hits collection The Hits Of Baccara (1978). The Collection was re-issued in 1998 with alternative cover art.

Bad Boys (Baccara album)
Bad Boys is the fourth and final studio album by the original formation of Spanish duo Baccara, first released on label RCA-Victor in Germany in 1981. It contains European single release "Colorado". This is the first album to have not been produced by Rolf Soja. The album was produced by Graham Sacher in London, UK. The typical Baccara sound of early albums was gone, a more pop-rock album was the result. Also missing was the original Baccara logo that was on the three albums produced before Bad Boys. This album was not a commercial success nor did it sell as much as the first three albums. This album would be the last time the original girls would record together.

The rights to the RCA-Victor back catalogue are currently held by Sony BMG Music Entertainment – the original Bad Boys album in its entirety remains unreleased on compact disc. However, all tracks can be found on the 3-disc 30th Anniversary box set issued in 2007.
Life in London (novel)
Life in London – in full, Life in London; or, The Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and his elegant friend, Corinthian Tom, accompanied by Bob Logic, the Oxonian, in their Rambles and Sprees through the Metropolis – is a book by the author and journalist Pierce Egan, first published in 1821. It depicts the progress through London of two young men and their associates, encountering both high and low life. The book has coloured illustrations by George and Robert Cruikshank, which were much admired at the time and subsequently.

The book was first published in monthly instalments, and was an instant success. Several adaptations for the stage followed almost immediately, the most successful of which was Tom and Jerry, or Life in London which ran for a record-breaking 100 performances.

Isaac Robert Cruikshank
Isaac Robert Cruikshank, sometimes known as Robert Cruikshank (27 September 1789 – 13 March 1856), was a caricaturist, illustrator and portrait miniaturist, the less well-known brother of George Cruikshank, both sons of Isaac Cruikshank. Just like them, he holds importance as a pioneer in the history of comics for creating several cartoons which make use of narrative sequence and speech balloons.
Charles Babbage Premium
The Charles Babbage Premium was an annual award "for an outstanding paper on the design or use of electronic computers".

The award was established in 1959. It was initiated by the British Institution of Radio Engineers, which became the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers. In 1988, it merged with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), which later became the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) in 2006. Winners have been announced in journals such as Nuclear Power, Electronic Engineering, British Communications and Electronics, and the Software Engineering Journal.

The Premium was named after the mathematician Charles Babbage FRS (1791–1871), inventor of the Analytical Engine, a design for an early mechanical computer.

The IET now makes separate Premium Awards for papers in each of its journals, named after the journal itself. This includes the IET Software Premium Award, the nearest equivalent to the Charles Babbage Premium Award.

IET Software
IET Software is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on software engineering and related issues, published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) in the United Kingdom.

The journal was previously published under the following titles:

Software & Microsystems (1982–1986, Online ISSN 2053-9096, Print ISSN 0261-3182)

Software Engineering Journal (1986–1996, Online ISSN 2053-910X, Print ISSN 0268-6961)

IEE Proceedings - Software (1997–2006. Online ISSN 1463-9831, Print ISSN 1462-5970)

The journal is listed on the online IEEE Xplore Digital Library. It is indexed by DBLP, EBSCO, Ei Compendex, IET Inspec, ProQuest, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), SCImago, and Scopus.
Tampico
Tampico is a city and port in the southeastern part of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located on the north bank of the Pánuco River, about 10 kilometers (6 mi) inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and directly north of the state of Veracruz. Tampico is the fifth-largest city in Tamaulipas, with a population of 314,418 in the city proper and 929,174 in the metropolitan area.

During the period of Mexico's first oil boom in the early 20th century, the city was the "chief oil-exporting port of the Americas" and the second-busiest in the world, yielding great profits that were invested in the city's famous architecture, often compared to that of Venice and New Orleans. The first oil well in Mexico was drilled near Tampico in 1901 at Ébano.

The city is also a major exporter of silver, copper, and lumber, as well as wool, hemp, and other agricultural products. Containerized cargo is mainly handled by the neighboring ocean port of Altamira.

Ébano, San Luis Potosí
Ébano is a town and municipality in the central Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. It is located in the eastern corner of the state, on the border with Veracruz, in the Huasteca region. Its name comes from the Spanish word for ebony.

The area was the birthplace, on May 14, 1901, of the petroleum industry in Mexico, with the first strike made by the Mexican Petroleum Company of California (later part of Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company), owned by Edward L. Doheny, assisted by geologist Ezequiel Ordóñez of the Mexican Central Railway.
In 1914, during the Mexican Revolution, the Battle of Ébano took place in the town.
2023 Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador leadership election
The 2023 Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador leadership election was held between October 13–15, 2023 to select a successor to Ches Crosbie, who stepped down following his defeat in the 2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election. Candidate nominations opened May 17, 2023, and closed June 16, 2023. On October 14, 2023, MHA Tony Wakeham was narrowly elected leader on the second ballot.

Ches Crosbie
Chesley Furneaux Crosbie, KC (born 12 June 1953) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician. Crosbie was elected leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador on April 28, 2018 serving until March 31, 2021. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 2018 until 2021.
Eisen Flügel
Eisen Flügel (アイゼンフリューゲル, Aizenfuryūgeru) is a Japanese light novel series written by Gen Urobuchi and illustrated by Higashiguchi Chūō. The series was published in two volumes under Shogakukan's Gagaga Bunko light novel imprint from July to December 2009. The series was also adapted into a manga series illustrated by Anno Nanakamado, which was serialized from May 2016 to September 2018. An anime film adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures has been announced.

A-1 Pictures
A-1 Pictures, Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社A-1 Pictures, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ē-wan Pikuchāzu) is a Japanese animation studio and production company founded by ex-Sunrise producer Mikihiro Iwata. It is a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan's anime production firm Aniplex.
Stanisław Kostka Starowieyski
Stanisław Kostka Starowieyski (1895-1941) is Polish Blessed of the Catholic Church, who was a church, social, and charitable activist, as well as and a papal chamberlain. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and then served in the Polish Armed Forces during the Polish–Ukrainian and Polish–Soviet Wars from 1918 to 1920. He died in Dachau concentration camp, and was beatified in 1999.

Polish–Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War, from November 1918 to July 1919, was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic).

The conflict had its roots in ethnic, cultural, and political differences between the Polish and Ukrainian populations living in the region, as Poland and both Ukrainian republics emerged from the collapse of the Russian and Austrian empires.

The war started in Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and spilled over into the Chełm and Volhynia regions formerly belonging to the Russian Empire.

Poland won the disputed territory on 18 July 1919.
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture is a Golden Globe Award that was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association in 1944 for a performance in a motion picture released in the previous year. The formal title has varied since its inception; since 2005, the award has officially been called "Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture". Six actors have won the award twice: Richard Attenborough, Edmund Gwenn, Martin Landau, Edmond O'Brien, Brad Pitt, and Christoph Waltz.

Martin Landau
Martin James Landau (/ˈlændaʊ/; June 20, 1928 – July 15, 2017) was an American actor. His career began in the late 1950s, with early film appearances including a supporting role in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest (1959). His career breakthrough came with leading roles in the television series Mission: Impossible (1966–1969) and Space: 1999 (1975–1977).

Landau earned Academy Award nominations for his performances in Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988) and Woody Allen's Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989). He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award and a Golden Globe Award for his portrayal of Bela Lugosi in Ed Wood (1994). Landau is also remembered for his performances in Cleopatra (1963), The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Rounders (1998), Sleepy Hollow (1999), and Remember (2015). He headed the Hollywood branch of the Actors Studio until his death in July 2017.
The Key to Rebecca
The Key to Rebecca is a novel by the British author Ken Follett. Published in 1980 by Pan Books (ISBN 0792715381), it was a best-seller that achieved popularity in the United Kingdom and worldwide. The code mentioned in the title is an intended throwback from Follett to Daphne du Maurier's famed suspense novel Rebecca.

Daphne du Maurier
Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning, DBE (/duː ˈmɒrieɪ/; 13 May 1907 – 19 April 1989) was an English novelist, biographer and playwright. Her parents were actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and his wife, actress Muriel Beaumont. Her grandfather George du Maurier was a writer and cartoonist.

Many of du Maurier's novels have been successfully adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca, Frenchman's Creek, My Cousin Rachel and Jamaica Inn, and the short stories "The Birds" and "Don't Look Now". Du Maurier spent much of her life in Cornwall, where most of her works are set. As her fame increased, she became more reclusive.
Canguaretama
Canguaretama is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the Northeast region of Brazil. With an area of 245.485 square kilometers (94.782 sq mi), of which 6.6117 square kilometres (2.5528 sq mi) is urban, it is located 65 km from Natal, the state capital, and 1,746 km from Brasília, the federal capital. Its population in the 2022 demographic census was 29,668 inhabitants, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), ranking as the 19th most populous municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

2022 Brazilian census
The 2022 Brazilian Census was the 13th national population census in Brazilian history, and took place on 1 August 2022. It was intended to take place in 2020, but postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and budgetary issues.
Alberto Lopo
Alberto Lopo García (born 5 May 1980) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

His physical style of play resulted in him being one of the most booked players every season in Spanish football. He spent 16 years of his career – youth years accounted for – at Espanyol, winning the Copa del Rey twice.

Over 18 seasons, Lopo amassed La Liga totals of 409 matches and 19 goals, also representing in the competition Deportivo and Getafe.

Getafe CF
Getafe Club de Fútbol S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈtafe ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol]) is a Spanish professional football club based in Getafe, a city in the Community of Madrid. They compete in La Liga, the top tier of the Spanish football. The team has played its home matches in the 16,500-capacity Estadio Coliseum since 1998.

Founded in 1983, the club was promoted to La Liga for the first time in 2004, and participated in the top level of Spanish football for twelve years between 2004 and 2016, and again since 2017. The club maintain rivalries with neighbours Leganés, who are based near the town of Getafe, Atlético Madrid and Real Madrid.
Ian R. Gibbons
Ian Read Gibbons, FRS (30 October 1931 – 30 January 2018) was a biophysicist and cell biologist. He discovered and named dynein, and demonstrated energy source as ATP is sufficient for dynein to walk on microtubules. In 2017, he and Ronald Vale received the Shaw Prize for their research on microtubule motor proteins.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Great Britain in 1983.  The Society stated:

He discovered, named and characterised the founding member of the dynein ATPase family of motor proteins and other microtubular components in cilia and flagella. By elegantly combining biochemical techniques with light and electron microscopy, he greatly advanced our understanding of microtubule-based motility, particularly by the direct visual demonstration of active dynein-dependent sliding between adjacent microtubules in structurally weakened flagella.

Dynein
Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins (though they are actually protein complexes) that move along microfilaments in cells. They convert the chemical energy stored in ATP to mechanical work. Dynein transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements important in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. All of these functions rely on dynein's ability to move towards the minus-end of the microtubules, known as retrograde transport; thus, they are called "minus-end directed motors". In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport.
Mitr, My Friend
Mitr, My Friend is a 2002 Indian English-language drama film directed by Revathi in her directorial debut, and written by V. Priya and Sudha Kongara. The film stars Shobana, Nasir Abdullah and Preeti Vissa. Set partly in India and the US the film was also noted for having an all-woman crew. The movie won the Best English Film of the Year award at the 49th National Film Awards. The movie also won Best Actress and Best Editor awards for Shobhana and Beena Paul, respectively, at the same function. Revathi received the "Special Jury Award: Silver Peacock" at the 33rd International Film Festival of India. The film also contains Tamil dialogues, while most of the songs are in Hindi.

National Film Award for Best Editing
The National Film Award for Best Editing is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus).

The award was instituted in 1976, at the 24th National Film Awards and awarded annually for films produced in the year across the country, in all Indian languages;Hindi (17 awards), Tamil (12 awards), Malayalam (6 awards), Bengali (4 awards), Telugu(3 awards) ,English and Assamese(2 awards each), Kannada and Marathi(one award each) .The editor with the most awards in this category is A. Sreekar Prasad with nine wins.
Lemlem Hailu
Lemlem Hailu (Amharic: ለምለም ኃይሉ; born 25 May 2001) is an Ethiopian middle- and long-distance runner. She won the gold medal in the 3000 metres at the 2022 World Indoor Championships. Lemlem earned bronze in the 1500 metres at the 2019 African Games.

At age 16, she was the 1500 m 2017 World Youth champion to take a bronze in the event at the Youth Olympic Games a year later. She represented Ethiopia in the women's 1500 m at the 2019 World Championships and 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Lemlem holds the world junior indoor record in the event.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.
Battle of the Flockey
The Battle of the Flockey, fought on August 13, 1777, occurred in Fultonham near present-day Middleburgh in what is now Schoharie County (then Albany County), New York, and was a small part of the Saratoga campaign. It stemmed from a Tory uprising aiming to support British Lieutenant‑Colonel Barry St. Leger's northward advance. Loyalist leaders Captain John McDonell and Adam Crysler—backed by local tavern-owner Captain George Mann - mobilized an estimated 73 - 100 Tory militia and allied Mohawks at Crysler's farm, a low-lying, swampy plain known as "die Flache" (later "Flockey").

It is widely recognized as the site of the first recorded United States Cavalry charge by American forces during the Revolutionary War, executed by the 2nd Continental Light Dragoons (Sheldon's Horse) under Captain Jean‑Louis de Vernejoux on August 13, 1777.

Barry St. Leger
Barrimore Matthew "Barry" St. Leger (1 May 1733 – 23 December 1793) was a British Army officer. St. Leger was active in the Saratoga Campaign, commanding an invasion force that unsuccessfully besieged Fort Stanwix. St. Leger remained on the frontier for the duration of the war; after its conclusion, he served briefly as commander of British forces in Quebec.
Andraca
Andraca is a genus of moths of the family Endromidae.

The genus had been placed in the family Bombycidae for over 150 years, but was recently transferred to family Endromidae based on the molecular study of Zwick et al. in 2011.

Andraca bipunctata
Andraca bipunctata is a moth of the family Endromidae. It is found in China (Yunnan), India (Sikkim, Darjeeling, Meghalaya), Bhutan, northern Thailand, Myanmar and Nepal. The larvae are referred to as bunch caterpillars.

The wingspan is 42–45 mm. Adults are rather variable in coloration and size. Adults have been recorded from March to April, May to June, July to August and October to November.

The larvae feed on Camellia sinensis, Camellia assamica and Camellia oleifera and are a well-known serious pests of tea trees. They feed on the young leaves and remove the epidermis. Larvae can be found from March to April, May to June, July to August and October to November.