hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sa'ar 4-class fast attack craft
The Sa'ar 4 or Reshef class were a series of fast attack craft built based on Israeli Navy designs grounded in accumulated experience derived in the operation of "Cherbourg" (Sa'ar 1, Sa'ar 2, and Sa'ar 3) classes. Thirteen were built at the Israel Shipyards, ten for the Israeli Navy and three for the South African Navy.  Another six were built for the South African Navy in South Africa with Israeli assistance.

Sa'ar 4 boats' first battle engagements occurred in the October 1973 Yom Kippur War when two Sa'ar 4 boats, INS Reshef and INS Keshet,  engaged Egyptian and Syrian ships and coastal targets. Israel had sold most of its Sa'ar 4 boats to other navies, but INS Nitzachon and INS Atzmaut remained in active Israeli Navy service until 2014.

Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (Hebrew: חיל הים הישראלי‎, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli, lit. '[The] Israeli Sea Corps'; Arabic: البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Eilat and the Red Sea theater. The current commander of the Israeli Navy is Rear Admiral David Saar Salama. The Israeli Navy is believed to be responsible for maintaining Israel's offshore nuclear second strike capability.
Logan Costa
Logan Evans Costa (born 1 April 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for La Liga club Villarreal. Born in France, he represents the  Cape Verde national team.

Costa is a former French youth international, having represented them at U16 and U17 level, before switching to play for Cape Verde in 2022.

France national under-16 football team
The France national under-16 football team is the national under-16 football team of France and is controlled by the French Football Federation. The team previously competed in the annual UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship before it was renamed into an under-17 competition in 2002. The under-16 team competes in regional tournaments, such as the Tournoi de Val-de-Marne and the Montaigu Tournament and international tournaments, such as the Aegean Cup.

Prior to the UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship being renamed into an under-17 event, France never won the competition, but finished as runners-up on two occasions in 1996 and 2001.
1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment
The 1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment, commonly known as the "First Tennessee", was a line infantry formation of the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. It was successively commanded by Colonels George E. Maney and Hume R. Field.

Organized in 1861 with volunteers from western Tennessee, the regiment was assigned to Maney's Brigade, Cheatham's Division, 1st Corps, Army of Tennessee. After sustaining heavy casualties at the battles of Shiloh and Perryville, it was amalgamated with the 27th Tennessee Infantry Regiment.

George Earl Maney
Brigadier-General George Earl Maney (August 24, 1826 – February 9, 1901) was an American soldier, politician, railroad executive and diplomat. He was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a reconstruction era U.S. ambassador to Colombia, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
Cadillac AOC
Cadillac (French pronunciation: [kadijak]) is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for sweet white wine from the Bordeaux wine region in France. It is located within the Entre-Deux-Mers subregion of Bordeaux. It takes its name from the town of Cadillac-sur-Garonne, formerly known as Cadillac.

In 2008, the area under cultivation was 128 hectares (320 acres), producing 6,000 hectolitres of wine.

Sweetness of wine
The subjective sweetness of a wine is determined by the interaction of several factors, including the amount of sugar in the wine, but also the relative levels of alcohol, acids, and tannins. Sugars and alcohol enhance a wine's sweetness, while acids cause sourness and bitter tannins cause bitterness. These principles are outlined in the 1987 work by Émile Peynaud, The Taste of Wine.

According to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), wines can be classified based in their sugar content. A wine is considered dry when it contains no more than 4g/L of glucose plus fructose or when its acidic strength is at least 2g/L relative to glucose plus fructose. Medium dry wines have a sugar content higher than that of dry wines. Mellow or semi-sweet wines contain more sugar than the medium dry wines but no more than 45g/L. Sweet wines contain at least 45g/L of glucose plus fructose.
Bradford Forster Square railway station
Bradford Forster Square railway station serves Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The majority of services to and from the station use Class 333 and Class 331 electric multiple units operated by Northern Trains; they run on the Airedale line to Skipton, the Wharfedale line to Ilkley and the Leeds–Bradford line to Leeds. The London North Eastern Railway LNER also run intercity trains from the station via the East Coast Main Line to London King's Cross.

The other main railway station in the city is Bradford Interchange, which is about 10 minutes on foot from Forster Square; from here, services operate along the Calder Valley line to Leeds, Halifax, Huddersfield, Manchester Victoria, Blackpool North and London King's Cross.

Wharfedale line
The Wharfedale line is one of the rail services in the West Yorkshire Metro area of northern England.  The service connects Ilkley with Leeds and Bradford, and is operated by Northern Trains.  West Yorkshire Metrocards are available for use on the line, covering Zones 3–5. The line is served predominantly by four-coach Class 333 electric multiple units as well as some three-coach Class 331 EMUs.
Nation (novel)
Nation is a novel by Terry Pratchett, published in the UK on 11 September 2008 and in the US on 6 October 2009. It was the first non-Discworld Pratchett novel since Johnny and the Bomb (1996). Nation is a low fantasy set in an alternative history of our world in the 1860s.  The book received recognition as a Michael L. Printz Honor Book for 2009.

Michael L. Printz Award
The Michael L. Printz Award is an American Library Association literary award that annually recognizes the "best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit". It is sponsored by Booklist magazine; administered by the ALA's young-adult division, the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA); and named for the Topeka, Kansas, school librarian Mike Printz, a long-time active member of YALSA.
Up to four worthy runners-up may be designated Honor Books and three or four have been named every year.
Frederick Christian Palmer
Frederick Christian Palmer (East Stonehouse, Plymouth 1866 − Hungerford 1941; fl.1892–1935), known professionally as Fred C. Palmer, was the main public photographer of Herne Bay, Kent in the early years of the 20th century, working from Tower Studio. He photographed all the civic events in Herne Bay before 1914, and made portraits of the eccentric Edmund Reid, the erstwhile head of Metropolitan Police Service CID who had investigated the Whitechapel murders and then retired to Hampton-on-Sea, Herne Bay. In 1913 Marcel Duchamp used Palmer's 1910 photograph of the illuminated Grand Pier Pavilion as found object art in his Note 78, part of his Green Box artwork. In the 1920s and early 30s, Palmer took over William Hooper's Cromwell Street studio in Swindon, again producing local postcards, photographing prominent people and doing freelance work for local newspapers and the council.

Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (UK: /ˈdjuːʃɒ̃/, US: /djuːˈʃɒ̃, djuːˈʃɑːmp/; French: [maʁsɛl dyʃɑ̃]; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French American artist, chess player, and inventor who played a key role in the development of the avant-garde in the United States and in New York City, where he spent the last 25 years of his life.

Duchamp was the first artist to elevate a toilet to the status of an art form. By the time of World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (such as Henri Matisse) as "retinal," intended only to please the eye. Instead, he wanted to use art to serve the mind. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as one of the three artists who helped to establish the post-industrial perspective in art history, and  his work is considered the progenitor of Conceptual art.
Smart order routing
Smart order routing (SOR) is an automated process of handling orders, aimed at taking the best available opportunity throughout a range of different trading venues.

The increasing number of various trading venues and MTFs has led to a surge in liquidity fragmentation, when the same stock is traded on several different venues, so the price and the amount of stock can vary between them. SOR serves to tackle liquidity fragmentation, or even benefit from it. Smart Order Routing is performed by Smart Order Routers - systems designed to analyze the state of venues and to place orders the best available way, relying on the defined rules, configurations and algorithms.

Best execution
Best execution refers to the duty of an investment services firm (such as a stock broker) executing orders on behalf of customers to ensure the best execution possible for their customers' orders. Some of the factors the broker must consider when seeking best execution of their customers' orders include: the opportunity to get a better price than what Is currently quoted, and the likelihood and speed of execution.
Luce Line Trail
Luce Line Trail is a 74.9-mile (120.5 km), shared-use path in Minnesota, United States, that stretches from Cosmos to Minneapolis. The trail system was built after 1995 when the Luce Line Railroad was abandoned west of Interstate 494. The previous line extended 104 miles (167 km) to Gluek. The multi-use trail has varying surface features, though it is primarily made up of crushed limestone or aggregate base, and the section from Cosmos to Cedar Mills is undeveloped. The trail is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources west of Vicksburg Lane, where it is named Luce Line State Trail. East of Vicksburg Lane, it is maintained by the Three Rivers Park District and named Luce Line Regional Trail.

Interstate 494
Interstate 494 (I-494) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway making up part of a beltway of I-94, circling through the southern and western portions of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota. The 42.94-mile (69.11 km) road is coupled with I-694 (which circles the northern edge of the Twin Cities metro area) at each end and composes more than half of the major beltway of the region. I-694/I-494 also act as loop routes for I-35E and I-35W.

The speed limit on I-494 is 60 mph (97 km/h). Interstate Highways outside of the loop in Minnesota may be signed as high as 70 mph (110 km/h). Most highways inside the loop are signed at speeds of 55 mph (89 km/h) or lower, though a few exceptions were added in September 2005, allowing speeds of up to 60 mph (97 km/h) in some places. Those roads had been signed at 60 mph (97 km/h) or higher up until the 1973 oil crisis.
Agus Amàrach
Agus Amàrach, an EP, is the first CD released by Mistle Thrush, a goth-identified band based in Boston, Massachusetts. It came out in 1994 on Washington, D.C.–based Bedazzled Records (catalog #BDZ19). It was followed by the band's debut full-length, Silt, in 1995. "Agus amàrach" is Celtic, and translates as "and tomorrow".

Bedazzled Records
Bedazzled Records was an American record label, based in Washington, D.C., which existed from 1989 to 2000. It primarily featured ethereal wave, goth rock, dream pop and shoegaze bands. The label was known for its intricate packaging/graphic design.

Bands that recorded for the label include Strange Boutique, Siddal, An April March, Ultracherry Violet, The Curtain Society, Mistle Thrush, The Freed Unit, and Halou.

The name of the label was taken from the movie of the same name (starring Peter Cook and Dudley Moore), and started by the members of Strange Boutique.
Hans Kollwitz
Hans Kollwitz (14 May 1892 – 22 September 1971) was a German epidemiologist, eldest son of artist Käthe Kollwitz. He obtained his degree in medicine and psychotherapy in 1928. He was also a World War I veteran, in which he voluntarily served, after joining from the German Youth Movement where he was a Wandervogel.

Käthe Kollwitz
Käthe Kollwitz (German pronunciation: [kɛːtə kɔlvɪt͡s] born Schmidt; 8 July 1867 – 22 April 1945) was a German artist who worked with painting, printmaking (including etching, lithography and woodcuts) and sculpture. Her most famous art cycles, including The Weavers and The Peasant War, depict the effects of poverty, hunger and war on the working class. Despite the realism of her early works, her art is now more closely associated with Expressionism. Kollwitz was the first woman not only to be elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts but also to receive honorary professor status.
Brad Soderberg
Bradley William Soderberg (born May 10, 1962) is a men's college basketball coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Millikin Big Blue of the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (CCIW). Soderberg was previously head coach at Lindenwood, St. Louis, South Dakota State, Loras College, was the interim head coach at Wisconsin, and an assistant coach for the University of Virginia Cavaliers.

Lindenwood University
Lindenwood University is a private university in St. Charles, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1832 by George Champlin Sibley and Mary Easton Sibley as The Lindenwood School for Girls, it is the second-oldest higher-education institution west of the Mississippi River.

Lindenwood offers undergraduate and graduate degrees through nine colleges and schools. Its enrollment was 6,992 students in 2021. The main academic and residential campus is located 24 miles (39 km) northwest of St. Louis, Missouri, in St. Charles.
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.

It was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, founded in 1884, and the adjacent Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1945. The two medical entities had formally coordinated their operations since 1960.

NCI-designated Cancer Center
NCI-designated Cancer Centers are a group of 73 cancer research institutions in the United States supported by the National Cancer Institute.

Three designations are recognized: Comprehensive Cancer Centers, Clinical Cancer Centers and Basic Laboratory Cancer Centers. As of January 10, 2026, there are 8 Clinical Cancer Centers, 58 Comprehensive Cancer Centers and 7 Basic Laboratory Cancer Centers. Most are associated with a university. Receiving the NCI-designation places cancer centers among the top 4% of the approximately 1,500 cancer centers in the United States.

In 2021, more than 411,000 new patients were enrolled in a clinical trial at an NCI-designated Cancer Center.
Stamp Fairtex
Nadthawan Panthong (Thai: ณัฐวรรณ พานทอง, born November 16, 1997), known professionally as Stamp Fairtex (Thai: แสตมป์ แฟร์เท็กซ์), is a Thai professional mixed martial artist, Muay Thai fighter, and kickboxer. She is currently signed to ONE Championship, where she is the former ONE Women's Atomweight MMA World Champion. She is the organization's first three-sport world champion, having also held the ONE Atomweight Muay Thai World Championship and ONE Atomweight Kickboxing World Championship.

Initially competing in the all-striking ONE Super Series, Stamp made her mixed martial arts (MMA) debut on October 11, 2018. She won the 2021 ONE Women's MMA Atomweight World Grand Prix.

Her ring name is inspired by the Fairtex Gym in Pattaya where she trained from age 18.

ONE Championship
ONE Championship, formerly ONE Fighting Championship (ONE FC) until January 2015, is a multinational combat sports promotion founded on 14 July 2011 by Chatri Sityodtong and Victor Cui. Originally focused on mixed martial arts (MMA), ONE events have since incorporated muay thai, kickboxing, and submission grappling bouts. The promotion held its first event on 3 September 2011 at the Singapore Indoor Stadium, and has since held over 200 events across Asia. In 2022, parent company One Group Holdings, changed its legal operations from Singapore to the Cayman Islands.
Vada Chennai (soundtrack)
Vada Chennai is the soundtrack album for the 2018 action crime film of the same name directed by Vetrimaaran, starring Dhanush in the lead role. The film featured music composed by Santhosh Narayanan in his maiden collaboration with Vetrimaaran. Vada Chennai also marks the 25th film of Narayanan as a composer in his career. The album in its entirety was released on 23 September 2018 to positive response from critics and audiences. At the 12th Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards held in Chennai, Santhosh received an award for Best Music Director also  for his work in Kaala and Pariyerum Perumal.

Vetrimaaran
Vetrimaaran is an Indian film director, film producer and screenwriter who primarily works in Tamil cinema. He is known for his unique filmography with major commercial success and highly critically acclaimed body of work. He has won five National Film Awards, three Filmfare South Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award.

Vetrimaaran made his directorial debut with Polladhavan (2007). His second feature film Aadukalam (2011) won six National Film Awards. His 2016 directorial Visaranai was selected as India's official entry to the Academy Awards. His film Asuran (2019) received the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. He produces films under his production company, Grass Root Film Company.  He is also the founder of International Institute of Film and Culture (IIFC).
Ill Blood
Ill Blood is the second studio album by Canadian hardcore band No Warning. It was released on November 26, 2002, on Bridge 9 Records.

It is the band's last album on the indie hardcore label Bridge 9. This album was produced by Ben Cook and Dean Baltulonis.

Bridge 9 Records
Bridge 9 Records is an American hardcore record label located outside Beverly, Massachusetts. Bridge Nine is owned by Chris Wrenn of Salem, Massachusetts, who began the label in 1995 and produced its first release in 1996.

In 2022, the label opened a record store.
Tom Berry (rugby union)
Joseph Thomas Wade Berry (17 July 1911 – 1 July 1993) was a rugby union player and administrator who appeared in 277 games for Leicester Tigers between 1932–1948, and three times for England in 1939.  He was President of the Rugby Football Union for the 1968–69 season, the first person from Leicester Tigers to hold the position and was also tour manager of England's first over-seas tour in 1963.

Rugby Football Union
The Rugby Football Union (RFU) is the national governing body for rugby union in England. It was founded in 1871, and was the sport's international governing body prior to the formation of what is now known as World Rugby (WR) in 1886. It promotes and runs the sport, organises international matches for the England national team, and educates and trains players and officials.

The RFU is an industrial and provident society owned by over 2,000 member clubs, representing over 2.5 million registered players, and forms the largest rugby union society in the world, and one of the largest sports organisations in England. It is based at Twickenham Stadium, London.

In September 2010 the equivalent women's rugby body, the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW), was able to nominate a member to the RFU Council to represent women's and girls' rugby. The RFUW was integrated into the RFU in July 2012.
Morehead v. New York ex rel. Tipaldo
Morehead v. New York ex rel. Tipaldo, 298 U.S. 587 (1936), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that New York State's minimum wage law for women violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by infringing upon the freedom of contract between employers and adult female employees. The Court reaffirmed its prior holding in Adkins v. Children's Hospital, which was overturned the very next year in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish in what has since become known as the switch in time that saved nine.

The switch in time that saved nine
In U.S. Supreme Court history, "The switch in time that saved nine" is the phrase—originally a quip by humorist Cal Tinney—about what was perceived in 1937 as the sudden jurisprudential shift by Associate Justice Owen Roberts in the 1937 case West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish. Conventional historical accounts portrayed the Court's majority opinion as a strategic political move to protect the Court's integrity and independence from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's court-reform bill, also known as the "court-packing plan", but later historical evidence gives weight to Roberts' decision being made immediately after oral arguments, much earlier than the bill's introduction. The term itself is a reference to the aphorism "a stitch in time saves nine", meaning that preventive maintenance before something breaks is less work than fixing that thing after it breaks.
Alforsite
Alforsite is a barium phosphate chloride mineral with formula: Ba5(PO4)3Cl. It was discovered in 1981, and named to honor geologist John T. Alfors (1930–2005) of the California Geological Survey  for his work in the area where it was discovered.

Alforsite is a hexagonal colorless crystal in the chemical class phosphates and the group apatite.   It is found in certain parts of central California, primarily Fresno, Mariposa, and Tulare Counties.  It has also been found in Baja California, Mexico.

Alforsite is a constituent of the apatite group of minerals. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with a point group of 6/m and space group P63/m. It occurs as colorless grains that are hard to distinguish from fluoroapatite, as they both display low birefringence and high relief.

Hexagonal crystal family
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the trigonal crystal system and the rhombohedral lattice system are not equivalent (see section crystal systems below). In particular, there are crystals that have trigonal symmetry but belong to the hexagonal lattice (such as α-quartz).

The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice, and is the union of the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system. There are 52 space groups associated with it, which are exactly those whose Bravais lattice is either hexagonal or rhombohedral.