hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alfred Rush
Alfred Rush (died May 13, 1876) was a state representative in South Carolina during the Reconstruction era, serving two non-consecutive terms between 1868 and 1876. Rush was one of four men who represented Darlington County, South Carolina, three of whom were African Americans and one was white. Rush was elected to serve just a few years after the Civil War (1861–1865). He was ambushed and murdered on May 13, 1876.

Darlington County, South Carolina
Darlington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 62,905. Its county seat is Darlington. Hartsville is the largest community in the county. Darlington County is home to the Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500. Darlington County is also home to Coker College in Hartsville. Darlington County was named by an act in March 1785. Darlington County is included in the Florence, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Newport River (North Eaton River tributary)
The Newport River is a tributary of the North Eaton River whose current flows successively into the Eaton River, Saint-François River, then the Saint Lawrence River.

The Newport River flows through the municipalities of Newport and Cookshire-Eaton in the Le Haut-Saint-François Regional County Municipality (MRC), in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Saint-François River
The Saint-François River (French: Rivière Saint-François, pronounced [ʁivjɛʁ sɛ̃ fʁɑ̃swa]) is a right tributary of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada.

Its source is Lake Saint-François in Chaudière-Appalaches, southeast of Thetford Mines. It flows southwest towards Sherbrooke, where it changes course northwest towards Drummondville, and finally empties into the Saint Lawrence River near Pierreville. Its total length is 218 km.
Belmont City College
Belmont City College is a comprehensive independent public co-educational high school, located in Belmont, 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Perth, Western Australia. Opening in 1957, the school's catchment area covers most of the City of Belmont and the eastern part of the Town of Victoria Park. As of Semester 1, 2020 the college had an enrolment of 929 students between Year 7 and Year 12. In Semester 1, 2011, 69 students enrolled were Indigenous Australians.

From 1957 until 2000, the college was known as Belmont Senior High School.

Independent Public Schools
Independent Public Schools (IPS) refers to an education reform first introduced in Western Australia in 2009 by the state's Department of Education. An independent public school is a state/public school that, while a part of the state education system, has been granted a higher degree of decision-making authority than a regular, non-independent state school. The term, Independent Public School, has been increasingly used by other state governments in Australia, such as Queensland, to label similar reforms to the governance of their state schools. Federal Australian governments also use the term Independent Public Schools. In February 2014 the Federal Education Minister, Christopher Pyne, announced a $70 million Independent Public Schools Initiative to support 1,500 state schools across Australia to become more autonomous.
Inspiring Generation
Inspiring Generation (Korean: 감격시대; RR: Gamgyeoksidae) is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Kim Hyun-joong, Im Soo-hyang and Jin Se-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from 15 January to 3 April 2014 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.

Based on the manhwa by Bang Hak-gi (published daily by Sports Seoul from June 1985 to June 1988), the drama series had a budget of US$14 million and its story depicts the loves, friendships and patriotism of young Korean independence fighters in 1930s Shanghai.

History of Shanghai
The history of Shanghai spans over a thousand years and closely parallels the development of modern China. Originally a small agricultural village, Shanghai developed during the late Qing dynasty (1644–1912) as one of China's principal trading ports. Although nominally part of China, in practice foreign diplomats controlled the city under the policy of extraterritoriality. Since the reform and opening up of the early 1990s the city has burgeoned to become one of Asia's major financial centers and the world's busiest container port.
Diana Pickler
Diana Lynn Pickler (born December 9, 1983) is an American heptathlete from Shreveport, Louisiana. She has represented her country at the Olympic and World Championship levels and was the 2009 US heptathlon champion. Her twin sister, Julie Pickler, is also a track and field athlete.

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Netnod
Netnod AB (previously Netnod Internet Exchange i Sverige AB) is a private limited company based in Stockholm, Sweden, that operates Internet exchange points (IXes) and manages one of the thirteen root name servers for the Domain Name System (DNS). It also distributes the official Swedish time through Network Time Protocol (NTP). It is a wholly owned subsidiary of the nonprofit Stiftelsen för Telematikens utveckling (Foundation for the Development of Telematics), or TU-stiftelsen (TU Foundation).

Root name server
A root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for records in the root zone and answers other requests by returning a list of the authoritative name servers for the appropriate top-level domain (TLD). The root name servers are a critical part of the Internet infrastructure because they are the first step in resolving human-readable host names into IP addresses that are used in communication between Internet hosts.

A combination of limits in the DNS and certain protocols, namely the practical size of unfragmented User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets, resulted in a decision to limit the number of root servers to thirteen server addresses. However, enabled by the use of anycast addressing, the actual number of root server instances—1954—is much larger, as of December 5, 2025.
Royal Queensland Regiment
The Royal Queensland Regiment (RQR) is a reserve light infantry regiment of the Australian Army based in Queensland. Part of the Royal Australian Infantry Corps, the regiment was established in 1960 following a reorganisation of Australia's part-time infantry regiments that saw the creation of six state-based regiments through the amalgamation of the previously existing regionally designated infantry battalions. Initially only two battalions were raised, but since then the size of the regiment has fluctuated depending upon the Army's requirements. There are currently three battalions within the regiment based at various locations throughout Queensland, all of which are assigned to the 11th Brigade.

11th Brigade (Australia)
The 11th Brigade is an Australian Army brigade which currently comprises most Australian Army Reserve units located in Queensland. The brigade was first formed in early 1912 following the introduction of the compulsory training scheme. Later, as part of the 3rd Division and saw action during World War I on the Western Front as part of the First Australian Imperial Force. In the interwar years, the brigade was re-raised with its headquarters in Brisbane.

During World War II, it undertook garrison and defensive duties in north Queensland before deploying to Dutch New Guinea in 1943. In 1944–1945, the brigade took part in the fighting against the Japanese on Bougainville. In the postwar era, the 11th Brigade was raised and disbanded several times, before being raised in Townsville in 1987, where its headquarters is currently located. It forms part of the 2nd Division, and consists of units based across Queensland and New South Wales.
Apis mellifera macedonica
The Macedonian bee (Apis mellifera macedonica) is a subspecies of the western honey bee. It is found mainly in Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Northern Greece and other places in the Balkans as well. Originally this subspecies was described based on morphological characteristics by Friedrich Ruttner, as were the adami, cecropia and cypria subspecies.

The bee populations of Thrace, Macedonia, Central Greece and the Peloponnese are completely distinguishable from those on the island of Crete. Studies of bee populations in 2005 from various areas of Greece (Ikaria, Kasos, Kythira, Phthiotis, Macedonia) and Cyprus analyzing mitochondrial DNA segments and finding differences in enzymatic restrictions, resulting in Apis mellifera adami, Apis mellifera cecropia and Apis mellifera cypria having a haplotype which differs from the Macedonian Apis mellifera haplotype, this subspecies being the most distant of all.

Friedrich Ruttner
Friedrich Ruttner (15 May 1914 – 3 February 1998) was an Austrian SA-member, NSDAP member, SS-physician, neurologist, zoologist and bee expert. He became internationally known for his advances in honey bee breeding, instrumental insemination, classification of various subspecies and as a co-founder of Apidologie.
BMW S68
The BMW S68 is a twin-turbocharged V8 engine produced by BMW. Its first use was in the 2023 revised BMW X7 as the M60i. A few weeks after its presentation, BMW showed a study of the XM with a more powerful version of the engine. In addition, the basic version is also used in BMW 760i, BMW X5 M60i, and BMW X6 M60i.

BMW X7
The BMW X7 is a full-size luxury crossover sport utility vehicle manufactured by BMW. It is BMW's largest and second most expensive SUV in its line-up, and is considered a flagship SUV for the brand, and borrows design cues from the 6th and 7th generations of the BMW 7 Series.

The X7 was first announced by BMW in March 2014. It was officially unveiled on October 17, 2018, with pre-orders being taken online. The X7 has been available at dealers since March 2019.
Tbilisi Rock Festival (1980)
Spring Rhythms: Tbilisi-80 (Russian: Весенние ритмы. Тбилиси-80, Vesennye ritmy. Tbilisi-80) was a musical event held in Tbilisi, capital of the Georgian SSR, Soviet Union, from March 8 to March 16, 1980. It was the first official rock festival in the Soviet Union and is frequently considered the turning point in the history of Soviet and Russian rock music.

Rock festival
A rock festival is an open-air rock concert featuring many different performers, typically spread over two or three days and having a campsite and other amenities and forms of entertainment provided at the venue. Some festivals are singular events, while others recur annually in the same location. Occasionally, a festival will focus on a particular genre (e.g., folk, heavy metal, world music), but many attempt to bring together a diverse lineup to showcase a broad array of popular music trends.
Laura Hartley
Laura Hartley (born 31 January 2001) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ipswich Town. She previously played for Lewes, she joined the FA Women's Championship club from Brighton & Hove Albion of the FA WSL, initially on loan.

Brighton & Hove Albion W.F.C.
Brighton & Hove Albion Women Football Club is an English women's football club affiliated with Brighton & Hove Albion. The club currently compete in the Women's Super League and the first team play at the Broadfield Stadium, home of Crawley Town F.C.
Deli Railway Company
N.V. Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij (DSM, lit. 'Deli Railway Company plc'), was a private railway company that operated near the east coast of Sumatra around Deli (now Medan). The Deli Company established itself as a tobacco plantation and then expanded into tea, rubber and timber products. The company was founded in 1883. Routes were built in 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) (cape gauge). It was the last remaining private Dutch railway when it was taken over by the Indonesian State Railways in 1957.

All DSM lines are operated under the 1st Regional Division of Indonesian Railways.

3 ft 6 in gauge railways
Railways with a track gauge of 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 mm) were first constructed as horse-drawn wagonways. The first intercity passenger railway to use the 3 ft 6 in gauge was constructed in Norway by Carl Abraham Pihl. From the mid-nineteenth century, the gauge became widespread in the British Empire. In Africa it became known as the Cape gauge as it was adopted as the standard gauge for the Cape Government Railways in 1873, even though it had already been established in Australia and New Zealand before that. It was adopted as a standard in New Zealand, South Africa, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Queensland (which has the second largest narrow gauge network in the world) in Australia.

There are approximately 112,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) of 1,067 mm gauge track in the world, which are classified as narrow-gauge railways.
Eco-Block
An Eco-Block is an environmental-friendly brick made from recycled materials and construction waste. The brick was invented by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2006. Its major feature is to catalyze the nitrogen oxide and other pollutants in air into non-hazardous substances. Eco-Blocks have been mainly used as paving brick in pedestrians and vehicular areas in Hong Kong and are now in their third generation.

Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU or HKPU) is a public university in Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. The university is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded in 1937 as the first Government Trade School, it is the first institution to provide technical education in Hong Kong. In 1994, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a bill which granted the former Hong Kong Polytechnic official university status.

PolyU consists of 7 Faculties, 4 Schools and 1 College, offering programmes covering business, computer and mathematical sciences, construction & environment, engineering, health & social science, humanities, design, fashion & textiles, hotel and tourism management.
Gmina Bojszowy
Gmina Bojszowy is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bieruń-Lędziny County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Bojszowy, which lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Bieruń and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.

The gmina covers an area of 34.07 square kilometres (13.2 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 7,899.

Bieruń
Bieruń [ˈbʲɛruɲ] (German: Berun, Silesian: Bieruń) is a town in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland, seat of the Bieruń-Lędziny County in the Silesian Voivodeship. It is located about 25 km (16 mi) south of Katowice.
Adam Helms
Adam Helms (born 1974) is an American contemporary artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York City. His work encompasses drawing, printmaking, sculpture, assemblage, and archival research, often having to do with the iconography of marginalized social and political groups and the American frontier. Helms's work has been exhibited at the New Museum of Contemporary Art (New York), MoMA PS1 (New York), the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (New York), Walker Art Center (Minneapolis), and Museum of Contemporary Art Denver (Denver).

He is the recipient of the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award  and the Rema Hort Mann Foundation Visual Art Grant Award, and has been an artist in residence at the Chinati Foundation in Marfa, Texas.

MoMA PS1
MoMA PS1 is a contemporary art institution at 22-01 Jackson Avenue in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens in New York City, United States. In addition to its exhibitions, the institution organizes the Sunday Sessions performance series, the Warm Up summer music series, and the Young Architects Program with the Museum of Modern Art. MoMA PS1 has been affiliated with the Museum of Modern Art since January 2000 and, as of 2013, attracts about 200,000 visitors a year.
Gokarna Bista
Gokarna Bista (Nepali: गोकर्ण विष्ट) is a Nepalese politician and former secretary of Communist Party of Nepal (UML). He served as Minister of Energy under prime minister Jhala Nath Khanal and as Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Security in the KP Oli-led cabinet. He was elected in the 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from Gulmi district constituency number 3. In April 2011, during his tenure as the minister of energy, he was stabbed by two motorcyclists outside his house. He became popular for revolutionary changes in the power sector of Nepal.

Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation
The Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (Nepali: ऊर्जा, जलस्रोत तथा सिंचाइ मन्त्रालय) is a governmental body of Nepal that governs the development and implementation of energy including its conservation, regulation and utilization. It furthermore develops operates electricity projects including hydropower projects. Due to the importance of water resources in Nepal, the ministry focuses on the development and utilization of hydropower.  In 2018, under the Second Oli cabinet, the portfolio of the ministry was enlarged and the portfolios of Water Resources and Irrigation was added to the then Ministry of Energy, while the Ministry of Irrigation was discontinued.
Peter Hall (RNZAF officer)
Peter Francis Locker Hall, DFC & Bar (16 May 1922 – 22 May 2010) was a New Zealand flying ace of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the Second World War. He is credited with the confirmed destruction of eight German aircraft and one more probably destroyed.

Born in Ōpōtiki, Hall joined the RNZAF in 1941. After completing flight training he went to the United Kingdom to serve with the Royal Air Force, initially with 140 Squadron. He was later posted to 488 (New Zealand) Squadron, shooting down several German aircraft over England and France, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar. He was repatriated to New Zealand in early 1945. He later worked in the aviation industry in England before starting a furniture business. Hall died in 2010, aged 88.

No. 488 Squadron RNZAF
No. 488 Squadron was the name given to two distinct Royal New Zealand Air Force squadrons during the Second World War. Both were formed under Article XV of the Empire Air Training Scheme and served under the operational command of the Royal Air Force.
1st Wiltshire Battery, Royal Field Artillery
The 1st Wiltshire Battery, Royal Field Artillery, and its successors were part-time Territorial Force units of the British Army from 1908 to 1950. It carried out garrison duties in India during World War I and saw active service in the Third Afghan War. It served in various units in the interwar years, finally becoming a full regiment (as 112th (Wessex) Field Regiment) in time for World War II. It saw action with 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division in the campaign in North West Europe, including Operations Epsom, Jupiter and Bluecoat in Normandy, the crossing of the Seine, the battle for Arnhem (Operation Market Garden) in the Low Countries, and then Operations Clipper, Blackcock, Veritable and Plunder across Germany. Its short-lived postwar successor unit had little or no Wiltshire connection.

Operation Blackcock
Operation Blackcock was an operation to clear German troops from the Roer Triangle, formed by the towns of Roermond and Sittard in the Netherlands and Heinsberg in Germany during the fighting on the Western Front in the Second World War. It was conducted by the British Second Army between 13 and 26 January 1945. The objective was to drive the German 15th Army back across the rivers Roer and Wurm and move the frontline further into Germany. The operation was carried out by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie's XII Corps by three divisions: the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Lewis Lyne), the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division (Major-General Ivor Thomas) and the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (Major-General Edmund Hakewill-Smith). The operation, named after the Scottish male black grouse, is relatively unknown.
Mary May Scollen
Mary May Scollen (1887–1967), known by her religious name as Sister Mary Justinian, was an Australian religious who was notable for her nursing and hospital administration. She joined the North Sydney congregation of the Sisters of Mercy, professing final vows in 1907. Trained as a nurse, she served as matron of the Mater Misericordis Hospital in the north Sydney area, for 44 years. She then served as hospital administrator for four years, and concurrently was the superior for her convent. She was appointed M.B.E. in 1958.

Sisters of Mercy
The Sisters of Mercy is a religious institute for women in the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1831 in Dublin, Ireland, by Catherine McAuley. In 2019, the institute had about 6,200 sisters worldwide, organized into a number of independent congregations. Notable achievements include the foundation of education and health care facilities around the world.
Tesfaye Abera
Tesfaye Abera Dibaba (born 31 March 1992) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in marathons. His personal best of 2:04:24 hours ranks him in the all-time top ten, as of 2016. He has won marathons in Dubai, Hamburg and Mumbai. He twice represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, taking the team title in 2013 and in 2015.

Hamburg Marathon
The Hamburg Marathon (German: Hamburg-Marathon) is an annual marathon race over the classic distance of 42.195 km (26.219 mi) held in Hamburg, Germany. In 2009, 13,938 participants were counted.  The marathon is categorized as a Gold Label Road Race by World Athletics.
Blaster Master Zero 2
Blaster Master Zero 2 is a platform video game developed and published by Inti Creates. It was released in March 2019 for the Nintendo Switch, in November 2019 for Windows, and in June 2020 for PlayStation 4. Versions for the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S were released on July 15, 2021. The game is a sequel to the Blaster Master Zero, which was a remake of Sunsoft's Blaster Master for the Nintendo Entertainment System. A sequel, Blaster Master Zero 3, was released in 2021.

Inti Creates
Inti Creates Co., Ltd. (株式会社インティ・クリエイツ, Kabushiki gaisha Inti Kurieitsu) is a Japanese video game development company. Formed by ex-Capcom staff in May 1996, they are best known for developing games in the Mega Man series, namely the Mega Man Zero series and its follow-ups Mega Man ZX and Mega Man ZX Advent, as well as their flagship Azure Striker Gunvolt and Gal Gun franchises.
United Nations Associations Test of English
The United Nations Associations Test of English (国際連合公用語英語検定試験, kokusai rengō kōyōgo eigo kentei shiken, abbreviated as UNATE) is a standardized test of English administered by the United Nations Association of Japan, a public interest incorporated foundation. It is supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japanese: 外務省, Hepburn: Gaimu-shō) is an executive department of the Government of Japan, and is responsible for the country's foreign policy and international relations.

The ministry was established by the second term of the third article of the National Government Organization Act, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act. According to the law, the mission of the ministry is "to aim at improvement of the profits of Japan and Japanese nationals, while contributing to maintenance of peaceful and safe international society, and, through an active and eager measure, both to implement good international environment and to keep and develop harmonic foreign relationships".