hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secretariat of Public Works (Argentina)
The Secretariat of Public Works (Spanish: Secretaría de Obras Públicas, formerly Ministry of Public Works) of Argentina is a secretariat and former ministry of the national executive power that oversaw and advised on the elaboration and maintenance of roadways, urban and hydraulic infrastructure and other types of public works.

From 2003 to 2015 it was known as the Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services; it was reorganized as a secretariat of the Interior Ministry during the 2015–2019 presidency of Mauricio Macri, and reinstated as a ministry with its original name in 2019 under President Alberto Fernández.

The ministry was dissolved following a presidential decree from President Javier Milei, and turned into a secretariat, controlled by the Ministry of Economy.

Ministry of Economy (Argentina)
The Ministry of Economy (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía) of Argentina is the country's state treasury and a ministry of the national executive power that manages economic policy.

The Ministry of Economy is one of the oldest ministries in the Argentine government, having existed continuously since the formation of the first Argentine executive in 1854, in the presidency of Justo José de Urquiza – albeit under the name of Ministry of the Treasury. The current minister responsible is Luis Caputo, who has served since 2023 in the cabinet of Javier Milei.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus
Lucius Licinius Lucullus was the name used by men of gens Licinia in Ancient Rome. They came from the Licinii Luculli, in which the most famous member was the consul in 74 BC and conqueror of Mithridates VI of Pontus.

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (aedile 202 BC), great-grandfather of the famous conqueror

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (consul 151 BC), grandfather of the famous conqueror

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 104 BC), father of the famous conqueror

Lucullus (Lucius Licinius Lucullus), consul 74 BC and the general in the Third Mithridatic War

Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 67 BC)

Lucullus the Younger (Lucius Licinius Lucullus), son of the famous conqueror.

Licinia gens
The gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at ancient Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo, who, as tribune of the plebs from 376 to 367 BC, prevented the election of any of the annual magistrates, until the patricians acquiesced to the passage of the lex Licinia Sextia, or Licinian Rogations. This law, named for Licinius and his colleague, Lucius Sextius, opened the consulship for the first time to the plebeians. Licinius himself was subsequently elected consul in 364 and 361 BC, and from this time, the Licinii became one of the most illustrious gentes in the Republic.
Cyrus Vance
Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917 – January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as the 57th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to serving in that position, he was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense in the Johnson administration. During the Kennedy administration he was Secretary of the Army and General Counsel of the Department of Defense.

As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, he resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. He was succeeded by Edmund Muskie.

Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of 1924 Democratic presidential nominee and lawyer John W. Davis. He was the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr.

United States Secretary of the Army
The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications and financial management.

The secretary of the Army is nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. The secretary is a non-Cabinet-level official, subordinate to the secretary of defense. This position was created on September 18, 1947, replacing the secretary of war, when the Department of War was split into the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force.

On February 25, 2025, Daniel P. Driscoll was confirmed as the secretary of the Army, and was sworn in to office later that day.
Caverns of Mars
Caverns of Mars is a vertically scrolling shooter for Atari 8-bit computers  written by Greg Christensen, then a high school senior, with some features added by Richard Watts. It was published by the Atari Program Exchange in 1981. Caverns of Mars became the best selling Atari Program Exchange software of all-time and was moved into Atari, Inc.'s official product line, first on diskette in 1982, then on cartridge in 1983.

In Caverns of Mars, the player descends into a cave and at the end must retrace their steps back to the top. Christensen wrote two less successful follow-ups: Phobos, which is an enhanced version of the original, and Mars Mission II, which scrolls horizontally and is similar to the arcade video game Scramble.

Scramble (video game)
Scramble is a 1981 horizontally scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Konami for arcades. It was distributed by Leijac for manufacture in Japan and Stern in North America. It was the first side-scrolling shooter with forced scrolling and multiple distinct levels, and it established the foundation for a new genre.

It was Konami's first major worldwide hit. In the United States, it sold 15,136 arcade cabinets within five months and became Stern's second best-selling game. Scramble was not ported to any major contemporary consoles or computers, but there were releases for the Tomy Tutor and Vectrex as well as dedicated tabletop/handheld versions. Unauthorized clones for the VIC-20 and Commodore 64 use the same name as the original.

Scramble's sequel, the more difficult Super Cobra, was released the same month in 1981. Gradius (1985) was originally intended to be a follow-up to Scramble.
Transform theory
In mathematics, transform theory is the study of transforms, which relate a function in one domain to another function in a second domain. The essence of transform theory is that by a suitable choice of basis for a vector space a problem may be simplified—or diagonalized as in spectral theory.

Main examples of transforms that are both well known and widely applicable include integral transforms such as the Fourier transform, the fractional Fourier Transform, the Laplace transform, and linear canonical transformations. These transformations are used in signal processing, optics, and quantum mechanics.

Spectral theory
In mathematics, spectral theory is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix to a much broader theory of the structure of operators in a variety of mathematical spaces. It is a result of studies of linear algebra and the solutions of systems of linear equations and their generalizations. The theory is connected to that of analytic functions because the spectral properties of an operator are related to analytic functions of the spectral parameter.
LeVar Woods
LeVar Woods (born March 15, 1978) is the special teams coordinator and assistant head coach for the Michigan State Spartans football team. Woods played linebacker for the Hawkeyes, under both Hayden Fry and Kirk Ferentz. He played professionally with the Arizona Cardinals, Detroit Lions, and Tennessee Titans in the NFL.

Woods has held a variety of administrative and on-field coaching positions since the end of his playing career, all with Iowa up until 2026, when he took on the special teams coordinator position at Michigan State.

Hayden Fry
John Hayden Fry (February 28, 1929 – December 17, 2019) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Southern Methodist University (SMU) from 1962 to 1972, North Texas State University—now known as the University of North Texas—from 1973 to 1978, and the University of Iowa from 1979 to 1998, compiling a career coaching record of 232–178–10. Fry played in college at Baylor University. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2003.
Neer Nirmal Pariyojana
The Neer Nirmal Pariyojana (NNP) is a World Bank assisted and funded project undertaken by the Government of India. It was started with an aim to improve piped water supply and sanitation services for selected rural communities in the target states through decentralized service delivery systems. The scheme is being undertaken in the four Indian states, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam and Jharkhand. It is a joint initiative by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MoDWS), Government of India and the World Bank.

It was launched in 2013 as the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project for Low Income States (RWSS-LIS), but later it was renamed as Neer Nirmal Pariyojana.

Ministry of Jal Shakti
The Ministry of Jal Shakti (lit. 'Ministry of Water Resources') is a ministry under the Government of India which was formed in May 2019 under the second Modi ministry. This was formed by merging of two ministries; the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.

The formation of this ministry reflects India's seriousness towards the mounting water challenges the country has been facing over the past few decades. WAPCOS is an Indian multinational government undertaking and consultancy firm wholly owned by Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India.
Guy Gregson-Ellis
Guy Saxon Llewellyn Gregson-Ellis MC (3 November 1895 – 12 August 1969) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. He had a military career that spanned 32 years and two world wars, as well as appearing in four first-class cricket matches for the Europeans cricket team in British India.

Europeans cricket team
The Europeans cricket team was an Indian first-class cricket team which took part in the annual Bombay Tournament and Lahore Tournament.  The team was founded by members of the European community in Bombay who played cricket at the Bombay Gymkhana.

The Europeans were involved in the Bombay tournament from its outset in 1877, when they accepted a challenge from the Parsis cricket team to a two-day match.  At this time, the competition was known as the Presidency Match.  They played first-class matches from 1892 to 1948.

There was also a European team composed of European cricketers from Madras Presidency who played in the Madras Presidency Matches.
Tout, tout de suite
Tout, tout de suite is a 2016 crime thriller-drama film directed by Richard Berry. The film is a co-production between France, Luxembourg and Belgium. Written by Richard Berry and Morgan Sportès, it is based on a novel by Sportès which was in turn inspired by the events of the Affair of the Gang of Barbarians in 2006. The film was released on 11 May 2016.

Murder of Ilan Halimi
The murder of Ilan Halimi (Hebrew: אילן חלימי) was the kidnapping, torture, and murder of a young Frenchman of Moroccan Jewish ancestry in France in 2006. Halimi was kidnapped on 21 January 2006 by a group calling themselves the Gang of Barbarians. The kidnappers, believing that all Jews are rich, repeatedly contacted the victim's modestly placed family demanding very large sums of money. Halimi was held captive and tortured for three weeks, and died of his injuries. The case drew national and international attention as an example of antisemitism in France.
Ken Lackey
Kenneth Lackey (born 1943) is an American businessman and politician from Oklahoma who formerly served as the president of the University of Oklahoma-Tulsa.

Lackey has previously served in numerous positions within the administration of Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating, including Keating's chief of staff (1997–1999) and Oklahoma Secretary of Health and Human Services (1995–1997). In addition to his service as secretary, Lackey served concurrently as the executive director of the Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs.

Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.
Žatec
Žatec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʒa.tɛt͡s]; German: Saaz) is a town in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 19,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře River. Žatec is famous for an over-700-year-long tradition of growing Saaz noble hops used by several breweries. Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2023. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation and partly also as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Harvey Cartwright
Harvey Jay Cartwright (born 9 May 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL Championship club Hull City.

Coming through the youth academies of Grimsby Town and Hull City. He turned professional for City in 2019. He has since spent time on loan with Barton Town, Gainsborough Trinity, Peterborough United and Wycombe Wanderers. He is a former England U18 and England U20 international.

England national under-20 football team
England national under-20 football team, also known as England Under-20s or England U20(s), represents England in association football at an under-20 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

England were champions of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, after defeating Venezuela in the final of the 2017 tournament.

From October 2023, the squad was rebranded as the England Men's Elite League Squad to reflect their participation in the Under 20 Elite League. This reverted back to England U20s in August 2025.
Weil–Petersson metric
In mathematics, the Weil–Petersson metric is a Kähler metric on the Teichmüller space Tg,n of genus g Riemann surfaces with n marked points. It was introduced by André Weil (1958, 1979) using the Petersson inner product on forms on a Riemann surface (introduced by Hans Petersson).

André Weil
André Weil (/veɪ/; French: [ɑ̃dʁe vɛj]; 6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998) was a French mathematician, known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. His influence is due
both to his original contributions to a remarkably broad
spectrum of mathematical theories, and to the mark 
he left on mathematical practice and style, through
some of his own works as well as through the Bourbaki group, of which he was one of the principal
founders.
St Mary's College RFC
St Mary's College Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in South Dublin, Ireland, playing in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. The club was founded in 1900 by former pupils of St. Mary's College, Dublin and was originally known as Old St Mary's. They club won the Leinster Senior Cup for the first time in 1958. In 2000 they won the AIB League for the first time under the captaincy of Trevor Brennan.

The club was formerly sited at College Drive, Templeogue from 1955 until the 1970s, including clubhouse and grounds which have since been developed as Fortfield Square apartments. In the 1970s, the club moved to Templeville Road to rugby grounds formerly owned and used by Templeogue College, the Holy Ghost Fathers sister school of St Mary's College.

All-Ireland League (rugby union)
The All-Ireland League (AIL), known for sponsorship reasons as the Energia All-Ireland League, is the national league system for the 50 senior rugby union clubs in Ireland, covering both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The league was inaugurated in the 1990–91 season.

Cork Constitution F.C are the only club to have constantly retained their status in Division 1 since 1990/91. All other clubs in the league have experienced relegation.

The league is the second highest level of rugby union in Ireland, as professional teams representing the four provinces of Ireland play in the United Rugby Championship.

Division 1 sides may field no more than two professional players in their matchday sides, and only one may be a forward. Division 2 sides may not field professional players. Foreign professional players may not play in the League.
Cork Constitution, the inaugural winners, are the only club to have retained top division status since the inception of the league.
Roland E. Arnall
Roland E. Arnall (March 29, 1939 – March 17, 2008) was an American businessman and diplomat. As the owner of ACC Capital Holdings, he became a billionaire with Ameriquest Mortgage. Additionally he funded, financed and was the visionary and co-founder of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and from 2006 until shortly before his death he was the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands. He was the originator of stated income loans, better known as sub-prime loans.

Subprime lending
In finance, subprime lending (also referred to as near-prime, subpar, non-prime, and second-chance lending) is the provision of loans to people in the United States who may have difficulty maintaining the repayment schedule. Historically, subprime borrowers were defined as having FICO scores below 600, although this threshold has varied over time.

These loans are characterized by higher interest rates, poor quality collateral, and less favorable terms in order to compensate for higher credit risk. During the early to mid-2000s, many subprime loans were packaged into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and ultimately defaulted, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis.
David Walker (historian)
David Robert Walker AM FASSA FAHA (born 12 November 1945) is an Australian academic historian who has been the professor of Australian studies at Deakin University since 1991. He is a leading authority in the study of Australian perceptions of Asia.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
Robbinsdale Armstrong High School
Robbinsdale Armstrong High School (AHS; full name Robbinsdale Neil A. Armstrong Senior High School) is located in Plymouth, Minnesota, just outside Minneapolis. The school serves students from the cities of Robbinsdale, Crystal, New Hope, Plymouth and Golden Valley.

The school offers core subjects as well as technology education, physical education, and the fine arts.  Newsweek ranked the school 1324.
In their "List of the 1500 Top High Schools in America," and The Washington Post ranked AHS as #11 in Minnesota. Armstrong, along with the Robbinsdale Area School District, have also been ranked among the "100 Best Communities for Music Education" by the American Music Conference.

The school's athletic programs have made it to state competitions on many occasions. School tradition maintains that the school's rival is Robbinsdale Cooper. Together, Robbinsdale Armstrong and Robbinsdale Cooper serve the secondary school population of over 4000 students in the district.

Plymouth, Minnesota
Plymouth is a city in Hennepin County in the U.S. state of Minnesota. A suburb in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the city is about 10 miles (16 km) west of downtown Minneapolis. The population was 81,026 at the 2020 census, making it Minnesota's 7th-largest city.
Henry Primrose
Sir Henry William Primrose KCB CSI ISO PC (22 August 1846 – 17 June 1923) was a Scottish civil servant. He joined the Treasury in 1869, served as private secretary to the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884 and to Gladstone in 1886. He was secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895. He became chairman of the Board of the Inland Revenue from 1899 to 1907.

In his youth, he made one appearance for the Scottish football XI against England in the representative match played in November 1870.

England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–1872)
Between 1870 and 1872, the Football Association (FA) organised five representative association football matches between teams representing England and Scotland, all held in London. The first of these matches was held at The Oval on 5 March 1870, and the fifth was on 21 February 1872. The matches, which were organised by Charles W. Alcock, are the precursors to modern international football and were referred to as internationals at the time. They are not recognised, however, as full internationals by FIFA as the players competing in the Scotland team were drawn only from London-based Scottish players. They were followed by the 1872 match in Glasgow between Scotland and England which is recognised as the first international match.