hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 AFC Challenge Cup qualification
The 2010 AFC Challenge Cup qualification phase saw five teams advance to the finals to join three automatic qualifiers in the final tournament in Sri Lanka.

Qualification consisted of two sections.

A playoff between the 19th and 20th ranked entrants (Mongolia and Macau)

Four qualification groups for four teams.  Each group winner advanced to the finals, along with the best-ranked runner-up. Because of the withdrawal of Afghanistan, the ranking of second-placed teams excluded results of any matches against fourth-placed sides.

Afghanistan national football team
The Afghanistan national football team represents Afghanistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The Afghanistan Football Federation was established in 1922 and joined FIFA in 1948. It was also one of the founding members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1954.

Afghanistan claimed their first international football title and marked a historic moment for Afghan football when they became champions of the 2013 tournament of the SAFF Championship.
COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia
The COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Bolivia on 10 March 2020, when its first two cases were confirmed in the departments of Oruro and Santa Cruz.

On 12 March, Bolivia suspended all public school sessions until 31 March, as well as all commercial flights to and from Europe indefinitely. They also prohibited large-scale public gatherings of more than 1,000 people.

Oruro Department
Oruro (Spanish pronunciation: [oˈɾuɾo]; Quechua: Uru Uru; Aymara: Ururu) is a department of Bolivia, with an area of 53,588 km2 (20,690 sq mi). Its capital is the city of Oruro. According to the 2012 census, the Oruro department had a population of 494,178.
Adewolu Ladoja
Oba  Adewolu Ladoja (Listenⓘ; born 25 September 1944) is a Nigerian monarch. He is the 44th Olubadan of Ibadan.

Before ascending the throne, Ladoja was a chief and politician who served as the governor of Oyo State from 2003 to 2006; and from 2006 to 2007; and as Senator representing Oyo South from 1992 to 1993. In August 2025, he was officially approved as the 44th Olubadan-designate by the Oyo State Governor, Seyi Makinde. His formal coronation ceremony took place on 26 September 2025, a day after his 81st birthday.

Seyi Makinde
Oluseyi Abiodun Makinde (Listenⓘ; born 25 December 1967) is a Nigerian engineer, businessman, and politician who has served as the governor of Oyo State since 2019.

He is an engineer and a subject matter expert on fluid and gas metering. He is the group managing director of Makon Group Limited; an indigenous oil and gas company in Nigeria. He established his first oil and gas private business called Makon Engineering and Technical Services, (METS) at the age of 29 in the year 1997, after earning years of work experience with international oil and gas companies.

Makinde had contested for the 2015 Oyo State gubernatorial election on the platform Social Democratic Party (SDP) but lost.
Woodlands Wellington FC
Woodlands Wellington Football Club was a professional football club based in Woodlands, Singapore which played in the S.League, the top division of football in Singapore. The club took part in S.League from 1996 to 2014. They are at the 4,300 seater Woodlands Stadium, where they have played since their establishment.

Woodlands Wellington's honours include winning the inaugural Singapore League Cup in 2007, defeating Sengkang Punggol 4–0 in the final. They also finished runners-up in the Singapore FA Cup in 1997, and also in the Singapore Cup in 2005 and 2008 and won the President's Centennial Cup in 1998, a cup competition organized by the Philippine Football Federation to celebrate the centennial of Philippine Independence by defeating Hong Kong Rangers 2–1 in the final in Bacolod.

Their best finish in the S-League came in the 1996 Tiger Beer Series where they were runners-up. They have also achieved 3rd place in 1997 and 2005.

Philippine Declaration of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence (Filipino: Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Declaración de Independencia de Filipinas) was proclaimed by Filipino revolutionary forces general Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898, in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. It asserted the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine islands from the 300 years of colonial rule by Spain.
Nadia Tromp
Nadia Tromp (born 31 January 1977) is a South African architect, known for her work with social and public architecture, particularly healthcare within the context of South Africa. In 2017 she was the world architecture festival winner in the category of health for her Westbury clinic. She later received the 2017 award of excellence from GIFA (Gauteng Institute for Architecture) and the 2018 award of merit from SAIA (South African Institute of Architects). In 2019 her firm won the architecture Masterprize in the category of mixed use.

Gauteng Institute for Architecture
The Gauteng Institute for Architecture (GIFA) is a professional membership organization for architects in Gauteng, South Africa. It promotes architecture and maintains standards within the profession, such as the registration of people in the industry under the Architectural Professions Act. This includes Architects, draughtsmen and architectural technologists. It organizes events, festivals and forums with architectural themes.

Its jurisdiction includes the cities of Pretoria, Johannesburg and Randburg which are some of the major cities in South Africa.  It recently organized South Africa's first week-long architectural mega-event in Johannesburg in Sept, 2010, "AZA 2010", which is set to become Africa's premier urban culture festival. It included a debate entitled, "The state of housing in SA". Gifa also awards recognition to architects and their buildings every two years.
Garip
For people with the surname, see Garip (surname).

Garip movement, Garipçiler or First New Movement; is a literary movement founded by Orhan Veli Kanık, Oktay Rifat, and Melih Cevdet Anday that rejects the established understanding in Turkish poetry and emphasizes the beauty of expression.

Varlık
Varlık is a monthly Turkish literature and art magazine. Established by Yaşar Nabi Nayır, Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil, and Nahit Sırrı Örik in 1933, it often publishes poetry and works of famous Turkish poets and writers.
Jake Woolmore
Jake Woolmore (born 7 December 1990) is an English rugby union player who plays for Bristol Bears in the Premiership Rugby. His main position is loosehead prop.

Woolmore joined Exeter Chiefs in the summer of 2015, appearing in the A League and the Anglo-Welsh Cup, and also featured as a dual-registered player for former club Taunton Titans. Woolmore joined Jersey Reds in the RFU Championship as an emergency front-cover due to injuries before becoming a permanent deal from the 2016–17 season.

On 9 March 2018, Woolmore made his return to the Premiership with Bristol Bears ahead of the 2018–19 season.

Bristol Bears
Bristol Bears (officially Bristol Rugby Club or Bristol Rugby) are a professional men's rugby union club based in Bristol, England.  They play in the Gallagher PREM, England's top division of rugby.

The club was founded as "Bristol Football Club" in 1888; between 1921 and 2014, home matches were played at the Memorial Ground, and have since been played at Ashton Gate Stadium in the south-west of the city.  The current head coach Pat Lam was appointed in 2017.  In the 2024–25 season Bristol finished 4th, losing in the play off semi-finals, entitling them to compete in the 2025-26 European Rugby Champions Cup.

In 2018, the club rebranded as "Bristol Bears"; between 2001 and 2005 the club were known as "Bristol Shoguns" due to a sponsorship deal with Mitsubishi.

Bristol won the 1983 John Player Cup and have also won England's second division four times, most recently in 2017–18. In 2019–2020, Bristol won The European Challenge Cup for the first time.
Catherine Raisin
Catherine Alice Raisin (24 April 1855 – 13 July 1945) was one of the most important early female geologists in Britain. Her research was primarily in the field of microscope petrology and mineralogy. She was the head of the geology department at Bedford College for Women in London for 30 years, and strove for women's equality in education. She was also the head of the botany department at the Bedford College for Women.

Petrology
Petrology (from Ancient Greek  πέτρος (pétros) 'rock' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous and metamorphic petrology are commonly taught together because both make heavy use of chemistry, chemical methods, and phase diagrams. Sedimentary petrology is commonly taught together with stratigraphy because it deals with the processes that form sedimentary rock. Modern sedimentary petrology is making increasing use of chemistry.
David Iacono
David Iacono (born June 20, 2002) is an American actor. On television, he appeared in the Amazon Prime series The Summer I Turned Pretty (2022–2023) and the Netflix series Dead Boy Detectives (2024). He has starred in the films Cinnamon (2023) and Jurassic World Rebirth (2025).

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Magic City Memoirs
Magic City Memoirs is a 2011 American coming of age drama film directed by Aaron J. Salgado, and stars Natalie Martinez, Dominik Garcia-Lorido, Nestor Serrano, Julio Oscar Mechoso, J. R. Villarreal and Michael Cardelle. The film is based on the true stories from Salgado's adolescence.

The film takes place in Miami, Florida, and follows the story of three lifelong friends, from very different backgrounds, who are on the verge of high school graduation who indulge in reckless behavior that finds them on the brink of either their graduation or their mortality.

Julio Oscar Mechoso
Julio Óscar Mechoso (May 31, 1955 – November 25, 2017) was a Cuban-American actor who played detective Ruiz in Bad Boys and appeared in such films as Blue Streak, Jurassic Park III, The Legend of Zorro, The Lost City, Little Miss Sunshine and Rules Don't Apply. He had over 120 well known films and TV roles.
Pannaria isidiosa
Pannaria isidiosa is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae, described in 2006. Found in montane forests of New South Wales, Australia, it grows on tree bark and occasionally on ferns at elevations between 1200 and 1450 metres. The lichen forms leaf-like rosettes with abundant coral-like reproductive structures known as isidia. It contains a unique combination of secondary metabolites, including pannarin and methylplacodiolic acid, as well as unidentified terpenoids. Closely related to Pannaria xanthomelana, this species is distinguished by its distinctive lemon-shaped spores and complex chemosyndrome.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Amelia Tucker
Amelia Audrey Moore Tucker (1902 – February 9, 1987) was an American politician and minister from the U.S. state of Kentucky. She was the first African-American woman elected to the Kentucky General Assembly, serving in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1962 to 1964.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Wadi Sharm
Wadi Sharm (Arabic: وادي شرم, romanized: Wādī Sharm) is a valley or dry river with flow ephemeral or intermittent, flowing almost exclusively during the rainy season, located in the northeast of the United Arab Emirates, in the Emirate of Fujairah.

It forms its own drainage basin, covering an area of approximately 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi), bordered to the north by the Wadi al Huwaybit / Wādī Liḩwе̄biţ; to the west by the Wadi Zikt and Wadi Wurayah, and to the south by Al Bidiyah.

The wadi originates on the northwestern slope of Jabal Badiyah (459 m (1,506 ft)), and runs towards the coast, from southwest to east, zigzagging between steep, low hills, composed almost entirely of harzburgite, with a very steep and rugged relief.

On its course, the Wadi Sharm passes through the small town of Sharm (Sha'biyyah Sharm).

Wadi Wurayah
Wadi Wurayah (Arabic: وَادِي ٱلْوُرَيْعَة, romanized: Wādī Al-Wurayʿah) is a 12,700-hectare (31,000-acre) wadi between the towns of Masafi, Khor Fakkan, and Bidiyah in the United Arab Emirates. It has been designated as Ramsar Wetland of International Importance. The lush canyon in the area was named after the tall marsh plant known as ‘warrah’, that flourishes in its wetlands, while the word ‘wadi’ is the Arabic term for valley.
Ami, Ibaraki
Ami (阿見町, Ami-machi) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 47,927 in 20,279 households and a population density of 671 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 28.3%. The total area of the town is 71.40 square kilometres (27.57 sq mi).

Kasumigaura Air Field
Kasumigaura Air Field (霞ヶ浦飛行場, Kasumigaura Hikōjō; ICAO: RJAK) is a military aerodrome of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Camp Kasumigaura (霞ヶ浦駐屯地, Kasumigaura Chūtonchi), 2.7 NM (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) south of Tsuchiura in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
Bert Sparks
Robert Henry Ware Sparks (19 February 1899 – 15 August 1984) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in East Stonehouse, Plymouth, Sparks was a charge hand at the HM Devonport dockyards and played his rugby as a front row forward with Plymouth Albion, which he captained for two seasons.

Sparks debuted for England in their grand slam-winning 1928 Five Nations campaign, playing three of the matches, as one of three Plymouth forwards (with Jerry Hanley and Edward Stanbury). He made another three appearances in 1929, didn't feature in 1930, then played three times in 1931, to finish with nine caps.

Jerry Hanley
Joseph "Jerry" Hanley (14 September 1901 – 5 May 1981) was an English international rugby union player.

A Plymouth Albion wing-forward, Hanley was capped seven times for England, including all four matches of their 1928 Five Nations campaign, where his try in final fixture against Scotland helped secure the grand slam.

Hanley was falsely reported to have been killed following a German raid on Plymouth in 1941.
Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca
Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca (1451–1524) was a Spanish archbishop, a courtier and bureaucrat, whose position as royal chaplain to Queen Isabella enabled him to become a powerful counsellor to  Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic Monarchs. He controlled the Casa de Contratación, an agency which managed expeditions to the New World on behalf of the Spanish crown. He later served as the president of the Council of the Indies, when it was founded in 1521. He managed the administration of a number of significant Spanish expeditions including voyages by Christopher Columbus and Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth.

Casa de Contratación
The Casa de Contratación (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkasa ðe kontɾataˈθjon], House of Trade) or Casa de la Contratación de las Indias ("House of Trade of the Indies") was established by the Crown of Castile, in 1503 in the port of Seville (and transferred to Cádiz in 1717) as a crown agency for the Spanish Empire. It functioned until 1790, when it was abolished in a government reorganization.

Before the establishment of the Council of the Indies in 1524, the Casa de Contratación had broad powers over overseas matters, especially financial matters concerning trade and legal disputes arising from it.  It also was responsible for the licensing of emigrants, training of pilots, creation of maps and charters, probate of estates of Spaniards dying overseas. Its official name was La Casa y Audiencia de Indias.
Juraj Minčík
Juraj Minčík (born 27 March 1977 in Spišská Stará Ves) is a Slovak slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1993 to 2008, specializing in the C1 event.

He competed at two Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in the C1 event in Sydney in 2000, where he shared the podium with his fellow Slovak Michal Martikán. Four years earlier he finished 15th in the C1 event at the Atlanta games in Ocoee.

Minčík also won three medals in the C1 team event at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with two golds (1997, 2003) and a bronze (1995). At the European Championships he won a total 8 medals (5 golds and 3 silvers).

As a coach he led Ladislav Škantár and Peter Škantár to Olympic gold and Matej Beňuš to Olympic silver at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Michal Martikán
Michal Martikán (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈmixal ˈmartikaːn]; born 18 May 1979) is a Slovak slalom canoeist who has been competing at the international level since 1994. In 1996 he became the first athlete to win an Olympic gold medal for Slovakia since the country gained independence in 1993. In total he won 5 Olympic medals (2 golds, 2 silvers and 1 bronze), which is the most among all slalom paddlers. He has also won the World Championship title in the C1 individual category four times.
Chief of the General Staff (Kuwait)
The General Staff H.Q. of the Kuwait Army (Arabic: رئاسة الأركان العامة للجيش الكويتي) redesignated in 1953 following formation in 1949, is a management department of the Kuwait Armed Forces, the national military of the State of Kuwait. The Chief of the General Staff (Arabic: رئيس هيئة الأركان العامة) is the senior combat military officer governing doctrines of the Kuwait Army, the Kuwait Air Force and the Kuwait Naval Force, but excludes the Kuwait National Guard, the Kuwait Police and Kuwait Fire Service Directorate. He is appointed by the Kuwait Defense Minister, a deputy prime minister, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Kuwait; the latter is appointed by the Emir of Kuwait, the Commander-in-chief of the Military of Kuwait.

Emir of Kuwait
The Emir of the State of Kuwait (Arabic: أمير دولة الكويت) is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, and is the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.

Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah became the emir of Kuwait on 16 December 2023, following the death of Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
Papi Turgeman
Shalom Charly "Papi" Turgeman (Hebrew: פפי תורג'מן; born April 7, 1970) is an Israeli former basketball player. He played in the Israel Basketball Premier League and the Euroleague and was Captain of the Israel national basketball team. In 1995 he was the Israel Premier League Assists Leader.

Israeli Basketball Premier League Statistical Leaders
The Israeli Basketball Premier League Statistical Leaders, or Israeli Basketball Super League Statistical Leaders, are the stats leaders of the top-tier level men's professional club basketball league in Israel, the Israeli Premier Basketball League.
2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group F
The 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group F was one of the ten UEFA groups in the World Cup qualification tournament to decide which teams would qualify for the 2022 FIFA World Cup finals tournament in Qatar. Group F consisted of six teams: Austria, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Israel, Moldova and Scotland. The teams played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format.

The group winners, Denmark, qualified directly for the World Cup finals, while the runners-up, Scotland, and the fourth placed team, Austria, advanced to the second round (play-offs).

2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA second round
The second round of the qualification tournament for the 2022 FIFA World Cup from UEFA (also known as the UEFA play-offs) was contested by twelve teams from the UEFA segment of qualifying. The play-offs determined the final three European teams that joined the group winners at the World Cup in Qatar. The ten runners-up from the UEFA first round groups participated in the play-offs, along with two group winners from the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League. The teams were divided into three paths, each containing four teams, with each play-off path featuring two single-leg semi-finals, and one single-leg final. The matches took place in March and June 2022.
Renaissance in Ferrara
The Renaissance in Ferrara began with the signoria of Leonello d'Este around the mid-15th century. Under Leonello's patronage, Ferrara became a hub for the arts and intellectual thought, attracting prominent artists and scholars of the time. A significant contribution came from the Ferrarese school of painters, including Cosmè Tura, Francesco del Cossa, and Ercole de' Roberti. These artists were known for their innovative use of color, intricate detail, and emotive expressions, helping to define early Italian Renaissance art.

The 16th century saw the emergence of another influential school led by Dosso Dossi, who was known for his imaginative and often fantastical landscapes and subjects. In addition to painting, Ferrara was a vibrant center for literature, music, and architecture. The Este family, as patrons of the arts, played a crucial role in fostering this environment, supporting not only visual artists but also poets and musicians.

Ercole de' Roberti
Ercole de' Roberti (c. 1451 – 1496), also known as Ercole Ferrarese or Ercole da Ferrara, was an Italian artist of the Early Renaissance and the School of Ferrara.  He was profiled in  Vasari's Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori.

The son of the doorkeeper at the Este castle, Ercole later held the position of court artist for the Este family in Ferrara.  According to Vasari:

Ercole had an extraordinary love of wine, and his frequent drunkenness did much to shorten his life, which he had enjoyed without any accident up to the age of forty, when he was smitten one day by apoplexy, which made an end of him in a short time.

Paintings by Ercole are rare.  His life was short and many of his works have been destroyed.