hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Prayag Maha Kumbh Mela crowd crush
On 29 January 2025, crowd crushes occurred at the 2025 Prayag Kumbh Mela at the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati rivers in Prayagraj, in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. At least 30 people were killed, while 90 others were injured. This is the sixth crowd crush during the Kumbh Mela in the past 70 years.
A second crush in the following hours killed seven people including a three-year-old child. The official death toll count has been disputed, with reports suggesting the actual number of fatalities being higher than the government’s figure. A Newslaundry report based on hospital and police records claims the death toll to be at least 79. These discrepancies have led to criticism of the government’s handling of the incident and calls for greater transparency.

1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede
1954 Kumbh Mela crowd collapses was a major crowd crush that occurred on 3 February 1954 at Kumbha Mela  in Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh state in India.  It was the main bathing day of Mauni Amavasya (New Moon), when the incident took place. 4–5 million pilgrims took part in the festival that year, which was also the first Kumbh Mela after India's Independence.

The figures for the tragedy varied according to different sources. Officially, 316 people lost their lives. While The Guardian reported more than 800 people died, and over 100 were injured, TIME reported "no fewer than 350 people were trampled to death and drowned, 200 were counted missing, and over 2,000 were injured". According to the book Law and Order in India, over 500 people died.
Baháʼí Faith in South Africa
The Baháʼí Faith in South Africa began with the holding of Baháʼí meetings in the country in 1911. A small population of Baháʼís remained until 1950 when large numbers of international Baháʼí pioneers settled in South Africa. In 1956, after members of various tribes in South Africa became Baháʼís, a regional Baháʼí Assembly which included South Africa was elected. Later each of the constituent countries successively formed their own independent Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly. Then in 1995, after a prolonged period of growth and oppression during Apartheid and the homelands reuniting with South Africa, the Baháʼí National Spiritual Assembly of South Africa was formed. In 2005 Baháʼís were estimated at 240,100 adherents.

Spiritual Assembly
Spiritual Assembly is a term given by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá to refer to elected councils that govern the Baháʼí Faith. Because the Baháʼí Faith has no clergy, they carry out the affairs of the community.  In addition to existing at the local level, there are national Spiritual Assemblies (although "national" in some cases refers to a portion of a country or to a group of countries). Spiritual Assemblies form part of the elected branch of the Baháʼí administration.
Muhammad Hafiz Hashim
Muhammad Hafiz bin Hashim AMN (born 13 September 1982) is a former Malaysian badminton player who currently works as a coach. His biggest success was winning the 2003 All England Open Badminton Championships.

2003 All England Open Badminton Championships
The 2003 Yonex All England Open was the 93rd edition of the All England Open Badminton Championships. It was held from 11 to 16 February 2003, in Birmingham, England.

It was a four star tournament and the prize money was US$125,000.
Treehouse of Horror XXXI
"Treehouse of Horror XXXI" is the fourth episode of the thirty-second season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 688th episode overall as well as the thirty-first "Treehouse of Horror" episode. It aired in the United States on Fox on November 1, 2020. The episode was directed by Steven Dean Moore, and written by Julia Prescott.

The episode is made up of four segments: "2020 Election," "Toy Gory" (a parody of the Toy Story franchise), "Into the Homerverse" (a parody of Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse), and "Be Nine, Rewind" (a parody of time loop stories, whose title parodies Be Kind, Rewind). Ben Mankiewicz guest-stars in the episode as himself. It also received generally positive reviews, and was watched live in the United States by 4.93 million viewers.

Be Kind Rewind
Be Kind Rewind is a 2008 buddy comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry and starring Jack Black, Mos Def, Danny Glover, Mia Farrow, and Melonie Diaz with supporting roles done by Chandler Parker, Irv Gooch, Arjay Smith, Marcus Carl Franklin, Blake Hightower, and Amir Ali Said. It tells the story of an employee at the titular VHS rental store and his conspiracy theorist friend, who work to recreate the rental store's film inventory after they were accidentally erased when the latter got himself magnetized while the proprietor was away. The film first appeared on January 20, 2008, at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. It was later shown at the Berlin International Film Festival. The film opened on February 22, 2008, in the United Kingdom and in North America.

The title is inspired by a phrase that was commonly displayed on video rental cassettes in America during the medium's heyday.

The film was met with mixed reviews.
Philosophy & Public Affairs
Philosophy & Public Affairs is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes philosophical articles on legal, social, and political issues. The journal was established in 1972 under the sponsorship of Princeton University Press. Blackwell (now Wiley) became the journal's publisher in 2004. The current editor-in-chief is Jason Brennan (Georgetown University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.000, ranking it 100th out of 183 journals in the category "Political Science" and 20th out of 56 journals in the category "Ethics".

Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons. It was formed by the merger of John Wiley & Sons Global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing in 2007.

Wiley-Blackwell is now an imprint that publishes a diverse range of academic and professional fields, including biology, medicine, physical sciences, technology, social science, and the humanities.
Arseny of Winnipeg
Arseny of Winnipeg, known to be the most reverend archbishop (secular name Andrew Lvovich Chagovtsov, Russian: Андрей Львович Чаговцов; 10 March 1866 – 4 October 1945) was a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in America.

He came to the United States as a monk in the early twentieth century and was instrumental in the founding of St Tikhon's Monastery in South Canaan, Pennsylvania. He was administrator of the Canadian parishes under Abp. Platon (Rozhdestvensky) before returning in 1910 to Russia where he stayed until after the Russian Civil War. In 1926, he was elected Bishop of Winnipeg. He retired to St. Tikhon's Monastery where he established the Pastoral School.

Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary
Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Russian: Свято-Тихоновская духовная семинария) is an Orthodox Christian seminary located in South Canaan Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania. It is one of three seminaries operated by the Orthodox Church in America, the others being St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in Crestwood, Yonkers, New York, and St. Herman's Orthodox Theological Seminary in Kodiak, Alaska. It is named after Tikhon of Zadonsk.
Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton
Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton (commonly referred to as SHS, Sacred Heart, The Prep, or Sacred Heart, Atherton) is a private, Roman Catholic, co-educational school in Atherton, California, United States. It was established in 1898 by the Society of the Sacred Heart and is governed by an independent board of trustees.

It is composed of a preschool and kindergarten; a lower school for grades 1 through 5; a middle school for grades 6 through 8; and a college-preparatory school for grades 9 through 12. It has been open to both Catholic and non-Catholic students since its inception. Niche ranked it for 2020 as the best Catholic, PK-12, co-educational school in the United States.

Society of the Sacred Heart
The Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (French: Religieuses du Sacré-Cœur de Jésus; Latin: Religiosae Sanctissimi Cordis Jesu), abbreviated RSCJ, is a Catholic centralized religious institute of consecrated life of pontifical right for women established in France by Madeleine Sophie Barat in 1800.
Bubble column reactor
A bubble column reactor is a  chemical reactor that belongs to the general class of multiphase reactors, which consists of three main categories: trickle bed reactor (fixed or packed bed), fluidized bed reactor, and bubble column reactor. A bubble column reactor is a very simple device consisting of a vertical vessel filled with water with a gas distributor at the inlet. Due to the ease of design and operation, which does not involve moving parts, they are widely used in the chemical, biochemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries to generate and control gas-liquid  chemical reactions.

Despite the simple column arrangement, the hydrodynamics of bubble columns are very complex due to the interactions between liquid and gas phases. In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a very popular tool to design and optimize bubble column reactors.

Trickle-bed reactor
A trickle-bed reactor (TBR) is a  chemical reactor that uses the downward movement of a liquid and the downward (co-current) or upward (counter-current) movement of gas over a packed bed of (catalyst) particles. It is considered to be the simplest reactor type for performing catalytic reactions where a gas and liquid (normally both reagents) are present in the reactor and accordingly it is extensively used in processing plants. Typical examples are liquid-phase hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation in refineries (three phase hydrotreater) and oxidation of harmful chemical compounds in wastewater streams or of cumene in the cumene process.
Also in the treatment of waste water trickle bed reactors are used where the required biomass resides on the packed bed surface.
Dogū with palms pressed together
The so-called "dogū with palms pressed together" (合掌土偶, gasshō dogū) is a Japanese dogū or clay figurine of the late Jōmon period (c. 2000–1000 BC). Excavated from the Kazahari I Site in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, it is exhibited at the nearby Korekawa Jōmon Kan. Alongside "Hollow Dogū" from Hokkaidō, "Jōmon Goddess" from Yamagata Prefecture, and "Jōmon Venus" and "Masked Goddess" from Nagano Prefecture, it is one of five dogū that have been designated National Treasures.

Korekawa Archaeological Institution (Korekawa Jōmon Kan)
Korekawa Archaeological Institution (Korekawa Jōmon Kan) (八戸市埋蔵文化財センター 是川縄文館, Hachinohe-shi Maizō Bunkazai Sentā (Korekawa Jōmon-kan)), more literally the Hachinohe City Buried Cultural Property Center, opened in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan in 2011. It exhibits Jōmon materials from the nearby Korekawa Site and Kazahari I Site (風張１遺跡), finds at the latter including the "Palms Together Dogū" (合掌土偶) that has been designated a National Treasure.
Madonna of Žebrák
Madonna of Žebrák (c. 1380) is a fully sculpted Gothic wooden statue, the work of an anonymous carver known as the Master of the Madonna of Žebrák, who worked at the same time as the Master of the Třeboň Altarpiece and was close to him in his artistic style. The sculpture occupies an exceptionally important place in the development of Czech sculpture of the late 14th century and forms a wooden counterpart to the beautiful Madonnas carved in marlstone. As a loan from the parish church of St. Lawrence in Žebrák, it is on display in the exposition of medieval art of the National Gallery in Prague.

National Gallery Prague
The National Gallery Prague (Czech: Národní galerie Praha, NGP), formerly the National Gallery in Prague (Národní galerie v Praze), is a state-owned art gallery in Prague, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic and presents masterpieces of Czech and international fine art in permanent and temporary exhibitions. The collections of the gallery are not housed in a single building, but are presented in a number of historic structures within the city of Prague, as well as other places. The largest of the gallery sites is the Trade Fair Palace, which houses the National Gallery's collection of modern art. Other important exhibition spaces are located in the Convent of St Agnes of Bohemia, the Kinský Palace, the Salm Palace, the Schwarzenberg Palace, the Sternberg Palace, and the Wallenstein Riding School. Founded in 1796, it is one of the world's oldest public art galleries and one of the largest museums in Central Europe.
Arthur Freeman (jockey)
Arthur Freeman (7 January 1926 - 1988) was an English jockey who is most well known for winning the 1958 Grand National riding Mr. What. He also won the 1958 King George VI Chase riding Lochroe, the 1960 Triumph Hurdle riding Turpial and the 1958 and 1959 Broadway Novices' Chase riding Just Awake and Mac Joy respectively. He was The Queen Mother's jockey. He rode M'as Tu Vu in the 1955 and 1956 Grant National but did not finish either. In 1960, he fell during a race at Plumpton and suffered a fractured skull. He was in a coma for three days and the injury ended his jockey career and so he became a trainer out of Newmarket. Freeman once owned future Grand National winner Specify. In his later years he suffered with depression, gambling and alcohol problems which contributed to the break up of his marriage, estrangement from his sons and bankruptcy. He died in 1988.

He is the father of Conservative MP George Freeman.

Broadway Novices' Chase
The Brown Advisory Novices' Chase is a Grade 1 National Hunt chase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham over a distance of about 3 miles and half a furlong (3 miles and 110 yards, or 4,928 metres), and during its running there are twenty fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and it is scheduled to take place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March.
National electronic Library for Health
The National electronic Library for Health (NeLH) was a digital library service provided by the NHS for healthcare professionals and the public between 1998 and 2006. It briefly became the National Library for Health and elements of it continue to this day as NHS Evidence, managed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and a range of services provided by Health Education England's Library and Knowledge Service Leads.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care of the United Kingdom.

As the national health technology assessment body of England, it is responsible for judging the cost-effectiveness of medicines and making them available on the NHS through reimbursement, with its judgements informing decisions in Wales and Northern Ireland. It also provides a range of clinical guidance to the NHS in England and Wales, which are considered by Northern Ireland.
Steve McNamara
Steve McNamara (born 18 September 1971) is an English professional rugby league football coach who is an assistant coach of the Warrington Wolves in the Super League, and a former professional player. He is a former coach of England, and a Great Britain international as a player.

At club level he played for Hull FC, Bradford Bulls, Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the Huddersfield Giants. He came through the coaching ranks at the Bradford Bulls, rising to the Head coach position in the Super League. He held assistant coaches positions at the Sydney Roosters and the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL, and was then head coach of the Catalans Dragons from 2017 to 2025.

McNamara is currently the most successful head coach in the Catalans Dragons club history, winning the 2018 Challenge Cup, and taking the Dragons to two Super League Grand Finals in 2021 and 2023 as runners-up, including winning the League Leaders' Shield in 2021.

League Leaders' Shield
The League Leaders' Shield is a trophy awarded to the team finishing the season top of Super League in the sport of rugby league football. This regular portion of the season precedes the playoffs for the eventual Super League Grand Final. The trophy was first awarded in Super League VIII in 2003.

Bradford Bulls won the first shield in 2003, but St. Helens have won it most, winning it on a total of 8 occasions.

Wigan Warriors became only the 2nd team (along with St Helens), to retain the shield in 2024.
William Belter
William N. Belter (July 7, 1926 – December 12, 1999) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician. He represented Green Lake and Waushara counties in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1953 to 1957.

Waushara County, Wisconsin
Waushara County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,520. Its county seat is Wautoma.

Waushara County is located in central Wisconsin, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Madison.
Banksia ser. Dryandroideae
Banksia ser. Dryandroideae is a taxonomic series in the plant genus Banksia. First published by Carl Meissner in 1856, the name has had two circumscriptions. As presently circumscribed it is monotypic, containing only B. dryandroides.

Banksia tricuspis
Banksia tricuspis, commonly known as Lesueur banksia or pine banksia, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a stunted tree or shrub with narrow leaves and cylindrical spikes of golden-coloured flowers and it occurs in a geographic range of just 15 square kilometres near Jurien.
Merrimack Warriors softball
The Merrimack Warriors softball team represents Merrimack College in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC), having joined following the 2023–2024 academic school year. From 1985 until 2019, the team was a member of the Northeast-10 Conference (NE–10), playing at the Division II level before transitioning to Division I in 2020. From 2020 until 2024, the team was a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC). In 2024 they joined the Metro athletic conference (MAAC). The Warriors are currently led by head coach Elaine Schwager. The team plays its home games at Martone-Mejail Field located on the college's campus.

Northeast Conference
The NEC (formerly the Northeast Conference) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports; football competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States, from which the conference derives its name.
Littoral dialect group
The Littoral dialect group (primorska narečna skupina) is a group of very heterogeneous dialects of Slovene. The Littoral dialects are spoken in most of the Slovenian Littoral (except for the mountainous areas around Tolmin and Cerkno, where Rovte dialects are spoken) and in the western part of Inner Carniola. They are also spoken by Slovenes in the Italian provinces of Trieste and Gorizia, and in the mountainous areas of eastern Friuli (Venetian Slovenia and Resia).

Province of Trieste
The province of Trieste (Italian: provincia di Trieste) is a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Trieste. It has a population of 227,792 in an area of 212 square kilometres (82 mi2). It has a coastal length of 48.1 kilometres (29.9 mi). Abolished in 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Trieste (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Trieste; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Trst; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Triest), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.

The province contains 6 municipalities (comuni). It is the smallest province in Italy by area, and its land area is much smaller than large Italian cities.
WJFG
WJFG (1480 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Latrobe, Pennsylvania. It simulcasts with co-owned WJFA 910 AM in Apollo, Pennsylvania. They carry a conservative talk radio format and are owned by John Fredericks, through licensee Disruptor Radio LLC. The two stations formerly subscribed to the nationally syndicated JACK FM programming service.

WJFG has a daytime power of 500 watts using a non-directional signal, but at night, it switches to a directional antenna and increases power to 1,000 watts, using a four-tower array located at the end of Rocky Hill Lane in Unity Township, about two miles due east of the Arnold Palmer Regional Airport. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W298DH at 107.5 MHz.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Vin Denson
Vincent Denson (born 24 November 1935) is a former professional racing cyclist who rode the Tour de France, won a stage of the Giro d'Italia and won the Tour of Luxembourg in the 1960s.

He was a team-mate of Rik Van Looy and of Jacques Anquetil and, in the Tour de France, of Tom Simpson. He was the first British rider to win a stage of the Giro, before finishing 40th overall.

1966 Giro d'Italia
The 1966 Giro d'Italia was the 49th running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Monaco's Monte Carlo, on 18 May, with a 149 km (92.6 mi) stage and concluded in Trieste, on 8 June, with a 172 km (106.9 mi) leg. A total of 100 riders from 13 teams entered the 22-stage race, which was won by Italian Gianni Motta of the Molteni team. The second and third places were taken by Italian Italo Zilioli and Frenchman Jacques Anquetil, respectively.

The points classification was introduced in this edition.
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry
Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technology which uses the properties of scattered light to measure the average size of cell structures, including cell nuclei. The technology shows promise as a clinical tool for in situ detection of dysplastic, or precancerous tissue.

Dysplasia
Dysplasia is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) or organs (macroscopic scale), and the abnormal histology or anatomical structure(s) resulting from such growth. Dysplasias on a mainly microscopic scale include epithelial dysplasia and fibrous dysplasia of bone. Dysplasias on a mainly macroscopic scale include hip dysplasia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multicystic dysplastic kidney.

In one of the modern histopathological senses of the term, dysplasia is sometimes differentiated from other categories of tissue change including hyperplasia, metaplasia, and neoplasia, and dysplasias are thus generally not cancerous. An exception is that the myelodysplasias include a range of benign, precancerous, and cancerous forms. Various other dysplasias tend to be precancerous. The word's meanings thus cover a spectrum of histopathological variations.