hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Islam in Senegal
Islam is the predominant religion in Senegal. 97 percent of the country's population is estimated to be Muslim. Islam has had a presence in Senegal since the 11th century. Sufi brotherhoods expanded with French colonization, as people turned to religious authority rather than the colonial administration. The main Sufi orders are the Tijaniyyah, the Muridiyyah or Mourides, and to a lesser extent, the pan-Islamic Qadiriyyah and the smaller Layene order. Approximately 1% are Shiites.

Layene
The Layene (also spelled Layène, Layenne, or Layeen) is a religious brotherhood of Sufi Muslims based in Senegal and founded in 1884 by Seydina Limamou Laye (1844-1909), who was born Limamou Thiaw. It is notable for its belief that their founder was the Mahdi (the reincarnation of Muhammad), and that his son, Seydina Issa Rouhou Laye, was the reincarnation of Jesus.
Nicholas Grey
Nicholas Grey (c. 1590–1660), was an English scholar and schoolmaster. He was headmaster of Charterhouse from 1614 until 1624, and afterwards of Eton College, from which he was ousted during the English Civil War. He was later headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School and Tonbridge School.

Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Merchant Taylors' School is an 11–18 boys' public day school, founded in 1561 in London. The school has occupied various campuses. Since 1933 it has been at Sandy Lodge, a 285 acres (115 ha) site close to Northwood in the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire. The school has 1100 students between the ages of 11 and 18. The school is an all-through school from age 3 to 18 after merging with Northwood Prep School in 2015.

Founded in 1561 by Sir Thomas White, Sir Richard Hilles, Emanuel Lucar and Stephen Hales, it was one of the nine English public schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission set up in 1861, and successfully argued that it should be omitted from the Public Schools Act 1868, as did St Paul's School, London, the other day school investigated by the Clarendon Commission.
Tree (command)
In computing, tree is a recursive directory listing command or program that produces a depth-indented listing of files. Originating in PC- and MS-DOS, it is found in Digital Research FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, PTS-DOS, FreeDOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. A version for Unix and Unix-like systems is also available.

The tree command is frequently used as part of a technical support scam, where the command is used to occupy the command prompt screen, while the scammer, pretending to be technical support, types additional text that is supposed to look like output of the command.

Digital Research
Digital Research, Inc. (DR or DRI) was a privately held American software company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser DOS, DOS Plus, DR DOS and GEM. It was the first large software company in the microcomputer world. Digital Research was originally based in Pacific Grove, California, later in Monterey, California.
Edward Scrope Shrapnel
Edward Scrope Shrapnel (1845–1920) was an English-born Canadian artist. After an earlier period spent in Quebec, his family settled in Orillia, Ontario. Having learned the basic art of drawing in the military, Shrapnel became adept in watercolour, his preferred medium. In the 1870s, he began contributing works to the Ontario Society of Artists. He was elected as an associate member of the Royal Canadian Academy in 1880. After a five-year stint as a drawing teacher for a women's college, he moved west to Victoria, British Columbia. Shrapnel was president of Victoria's first art association. His painting subject matter included landscape, still lifes, and genre, often incorporating scenes from Ontario and British Columbia.

Ontario Society of Artists
The Ontario Society of Artists (OSA) was founded in 1872. It is Canada's oldest continuously operating professional art society. When it was founded at the home of John Arthur Fraser, seven artists were present. Besides Fraser himself, Marmaduke Matthews, and Thomas Mower Martin were there, among others. Charlotte Schreiber was the first woman member in 1876 and showed work in the Society's Annual show of that year.

The list of objectives drawn up by the founding executive included the "fostering of Original Art in the province, the holding of Annual Exhibitions, the formation of an Art Library and Museum and School of Art". Prominent businessman William Holmes Howland was invited to be President of the Society.
Skirts (film)
Skirts is a lost 1921 American silent comedy film directed by Hampton Del Ruth and starring Clyde Cook, Chester Conklin, Polly Moran, Jack Cooper, Billy Armstrong, and Ethel Teare. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on April 10, 1921.

Polly Moran
Pauline Theresa Moran (June 28, 1883 – January 24, 1952), known professionally as Polly Moran, was an American actress and comedian. Beginning her career in vaudeville, she acted in Mack Sennett comedies as one of Sennett Bathing Beauties.
Nuclear shadowing
Nuclear shadowing is an effect seen in high-energy physics where the internal structure of a nucleus appears suppressed -that is in classical terms, less dense- compared to what one would expect from simply adding up the contributions of individual, free nucleons (protons and neutrons). In technical terms, the cross sections of nucleons imbedded in a nucleus appears smaller compared to that of free nucleons. This happens because the particle used to probe the nucleus —usually a photon or gluon— can briefly transform into other particles that live long enough to interact coherently with several nucleons at once. These interactions destructively interfere with each other in a way that cancels out part of the effect, leading to a reduction in the measured cross section.

Parton (particle physics)
In particle physics, the parton model is a model of hadrons, such as protons and neutrons, proposed by Richard Feynman. It is useful for interpreting the cascades of radiation (a parton shower) produced from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes and interactions in high-energy particle collisions.
Midfield, Alabama
Midfield is a town in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, located two miles south of the Birmingham suburb of Fairfield. It incorporated in 1953. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,211.

Fairfield, Alabama
Fairfield is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area and is located southeast of Pleasant Grove. The population was 10,000 at the 2020 census. Fairfield is home to Miles College, a historically black college enrolling over 1,100 students.
Tian Zhigang
Tian Zhigang (born 11 October 1956) is a Chinese immunologist who is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, chairman of Chinese Society for Immunology, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

University of Science and Technology of China
The University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is a public university in Hefei, Anhui, China. It is owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and co-funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education of China, and the Anhui Provincial Government. It is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

The university was founded in Beijing by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in September 1958. In the beginning of 1970, the university moved to Hefei during the Cultural Revolution. The university has 13 schools, 11 national research platforms, 8 science-education integration colleges, and 5 joint cooperative institutes with local governments. The university is a member of the C9 League.
D24 road (Croatia)
D24 is a state road in the northwestern Croatia connecting Zlatar Bistrica on the D29 state road, near the D14 expressway Zlatar Bistrica interchange, Novi Marof on the D3 state road, the A4 motorway Novi Marof interchange and Ludbreg on the D2 state road. The road is 60.4 km (37.5 mi) long.

Like all other state roads in Croatia, the D24 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

D14 road (Croatia)
The D14 expressway is a state road in Croatia. The total completed length is 17.41 km and the planned length is 39.6 km.

The state road D14 will be part of the Zagreb Northern Bypass. The road is planned in the full profile of the expressway, but is currently being built in a semi-profile state.
James Roe (American football)
James Edward Roe II (born August 23, 1973) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL from 1996 to 1998, and the San Jose SaberCats of the AFL from 2000 to 2013. He was the offensive coordinator for the Baltimore Brigade of the AFL from 2017 to 2019.

Baltimore Brigade
The Baltimore Brigade was a professional arena football team based in Baltimore, Maryland, that played in the Arena Football League (AFL) from 2017 to 2019. The team's home arena was the Royal Farms Arena. The franchise was owned by Ted Leonsis through Monumental Sports & Entertainment. After the 2019 season, the entire league ceased operations.
The Blues Don't Change
The Blues Don't Change is an album by American blues musician Albert King. He recorded it at the Stax Records studio in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1973 and 1974.  In 1977, Stax released the album with the same songs and running order as The Pinch.

The album is composed of soul- and rhythm and blues-oriented songs written by Mack Rice and others, including a re-working of King's popular 1966 song "Oh, Pretty Woman".

Mack Rice
Bonny "Mack" Rice (November 10, 1933 – June 27, 2016), sometimes credited as Sir Mack Rice, was an American songwriter and singer. His best-known composition and biggest hit as a solo performer was "Mustang Sally".  He also wrote "Respect Yourself" with Luther Ingram.
Nardi Suxo
Nardi Elizabeth Suxo Iturry (born 23 February 1961) is a Bolivian lawyer and sociologist. She served as the ambassador of Bolivia to Austria, Croatia, Hungary, and Slovakia from June to November 2019.

She was the country's Minister of Institutional Transparency and Fight Against Corruption from 2006 to 2015, during the first and second governments of President Evo Morales. During her tenure, the Bolivian state recovered about 800 million bolivianos (US$115 million) through more than 100 convictions in corruption cases.

Bolivian boliviano
The boliviano ([boliˈβjano]; sign: Bs ISO 4217 code: BOB) is the currency of Bolivia.  It is divided into 100 cents or centavos in Spanish. Boliviano was also the name of the currency of Bolivia between 1864 and 1963. From April 2018, the manager of the Central Bank of Bolivia, Pablo Ramos, announced the introduction of the new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, started with the 10 Bs note, and then gradually arrived to introduce the 200 Bs note, presented in April 2019. The new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State received several awards such as "the best banknotes in Latin America", was highlighted by its security measures, its aesthetics and its inclusion of prominent figures in Bolivian history, being among those who awarded the "Latin American High Security Printing Press Conference".
G-class landing craft
The G class, or "G-boat" also known as the Marine Alutech Watercat M8 landing craft (Finnish: G-vene, Swedish: Gruppbåt) is a type of vessel in use by the Finnish Navy and the Swedish Navy. The G-boat was originally designed for the Swedish Navy which ordered about 100 of them. It is primarily used for amphibious landings by, and transportation of, marines. It has a very low draught (approximately 20 cm) at high speeds which makes it ideal for amphibious assault even in shallow waters. It has a cargo capacity of 8 men or one metric ton.

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
Nayanam
Nayanam is a 2025 Telugu-language sci-fi psychological web series written and directed by Swathi Prakash Mantripragada and stars Varun Sandesh, in his web-series debut, as an ophthalmologist whose scientific experiments become tied to questions of privacy and obsession. Priyanka Jain also plays a lead role. The supporting cast includes Uttej, Ali Reza, Rekha Nirosha, and Harish, among others. It is scheduled to premiere on ZEE5 on 19 December 2025.

Varun Sandesh
Jeedigunta Varun Sandesh (born 21 July 1989) is an Indian actor known primarily for his works in Telugu cinema. He made his debut with Sekhar Kammula's coming-of-age blockbuster drama Happy Days (2007), and went on to star in films such as  Kotha Bangaru Lokam (2008), Kurradu (2009), Yemaindi Ee Vela (2010), D for Dopidi (2013), Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda (2014), Mama Manchu Alludu Kanchu (2015), Michael  (2023) and Nindha (2024). In 2019, Sandesh appeared in Telugu reality TV show Bigg Boss 3 as a contestant and finished as a finalist.
Rebecca Trussell
Rebecca "Becky" Scott, née Trussell, is an American retired martial arts athlete who competed in sambo and judo. She is a US National Championships Bronze Medalist in judo. At the time, this was the highest level of competition as there was no world championship. She eventually became a team alternate for the first Judo World Championship for women. Scott competed at 149lbs. Scott competed at the Sambo at the 1983 Pan American Games Scott was a five-time National Champion in sombo. She additionally won the 1984 AAU National Women's Sombo championships. She later competed in the Sambo at the 1983 Pan American Games. It was here that she initially won the title. She also served as the coach for the Judo Junior National Team for the United States.

She is the sister of Jan Trussell. and is married to Steve Scott. She currently works as a referee at Freestyle Judo Tournaments.

Sambo (martial art)
Sambo is a combat sport, and is essentially a mixed martial art, as it utilizes techniques from other classical martial arts such as boxing, judo, jujutsu,  Greco-Roman wrestling, and freestyle wrestling. Sambo is a recognized style of amateur wrestling governed by the UWW in the World Wrestling Championships along with Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.  Practiced worldwide, sambo is a martial art with Soviet and Russian origins.
1992 VFA season
The 1992 VFA season was the 111th season of the Victorian Football Association (VFA), an Australian rules football competition played in the state of Victoria.

The premiership was won by the Sandringham Football Club, after it defeated Williamstown in the grand final on 20 September by 44 points. It was Sandringham's fourth top-division premiership.

Sandringham Football Club
The Sandringham Football Club, nicknamed the Zebras, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Sandringham. It currently competes in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the VFL Women's (VFLW).

Sandringham has competed in the VFL – originally known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA) – since 1929, and was one of only two clubs to not be relegated to Division 2 when the VFA was split into two divisions.

Sandringham men's side is a standalone outfit and is not affiliated with any other club. Between 2009 and 2025, the club had a reserves affiliation with Australian Football League (AFL) club St Kilda, and prior to that were affiliated with Melbourne. The club's women's side, which competes in the VFLW, retains an affiliation with St Kilda.
Hofesh
Hofesh (Hebrew: חופש, lit. "freedom"), officially Hofesh - Freedom from Religion (Hebrew: חופש – עמותה לחופש מדת) is an Israeli organization advocating separation of religion and state and stopping the religious coercion in Israel, objecting to and going against activities whose goal is to persuade secular or moderately religious Jews to adopt a more religiously observant lifestyle. The organization is an affiliate of Atheist Alliance International.

Atheist Alliance International
Atheist Alliance International (AAI) is a non-profit advocacy organization committed to raising awareness and educating the public about atheism. The group supports atheist and freethought organizations around the world through promoting local campaigns, raising awareness of related issues, sponsoring secular education projects, and facilitating interaction among secular groups and individuals.
TCDD E23000
The TCDD E23000 series are Electric Multiple Units that were built by Hyundai Rotem, with delivery beginning in 2009. The E23000s were built to replace the E8000 and E14000 EMUs. Each set has 3 permanently coupled cars.

They are operated by the Turkish State Railways for commuter service in Ankara and leased by İZBAN A.Ş. (10 EMUs) for commuter service in Izmir. After that all E22100 EMUs ordered by İZBAN A.Ş. will enter in service, these 10 sets will go back to Ankara.

These EMUs also operated in Istanbul (Sirkeci–Halkalı line and Haydarpaşa–Gebze line) before the closing of these lines for the construction of Marmaray. As E32000 plans are in place to use EMUs, on Marmaray, these sets won't be used in Istanbul any more.

TCDD E32000
The TCDD E32000 is an electric multiple unit railway car built by Hyundai Rotem for the Turkish State Railways. They were ordered exclusively to operate along the Marmaray commuter rail network in Istanbul with delivery beginning in 2011. The EMUs consist of 5-car and 10-car sets respectively. The first EMUs went into service along Istanbul's two commuter rail lines from 2012 and 2013. On 29 October 2013, the first 5-car sets began operating between Kazlıçeşme and Ayrılıkçeşmesi as part of Phase I of the Marmaray project.

Hyundai Rotem announced on 11 November 2008, that it had signed a €580 million contract to supply the rolling stock for the Marmaray project. The Korean firm had competition from shortlisted bidders Alstom, CAF, and a consortium of Bombardier, Siemens, and Nurol for the 440-vehicle contract which was placed by the Ministry of Transport's General Directorate of Railways, Harbours, and Airports.
St. Thomas Jacobite Syrian Church, North Paravur
Saint Thomas Jacobite Syrian church, also known as Paravur Cheriyapally, is a Syrian Orthodox church located in North Paravur, India. This church was constructed in AD 1566 in the midst of the seven bazaars of Paravur town by the parishioners of the ancient Kottakkavu Paravur Valiapally. The church houses the tomb of famous Syrian Orthodox prelate Gregorios Abdul Jaleel and has staged consecrations of various prelates of the Jacobite Syrian Church since then.

Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur
Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church is a Syro-Malabar church located in North Paravur. According to Saint Thomas Christian tradition, the church was established in 52 AD by St. Thomas (Mar Thoma shleeha), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. It is one of the first churches in India and is called an Apostolic Church credited to the Apostolate of St. Thomas who preached and also started the conversion of people to Syriac Christianity here. It is one of the Ezharappallikal (seven and Ara ( Ara In malayalam Royal) churches - Total 8 Churches) that he established in India; the other Seven churches were established at Kodungalloor,  Kokkamangalam, Palayoor, Kollam, Niranam, Thiruvithamcode and Nilackal.
Ituran
Ituran Location and Control Ltd. is an Israeli company that provides stolen vehicle recovery (SVR) and tracking services, and markets GPS wireless communications products. Ituran is traded on NASDAQ and is included in the TA-100 Index. Ituran has over 3,200 employees worldwide and is a market leader in Brazil, Argentina, Israel and the United States. As of June 2020, the company has more than 2M subscribers.

Telematics
Telematics is an interdisciplinary field encompassing telecommunications, vehicular technologies (road transport, road safety, etc., as part of Intelligent transportation systems), electrical engineering (sensors, instrumentation, wireless communications, etc.), and computer science (multimedia, Internet, etc.). Telematics can involve any of the following:

The technology of sending, receiving, and storing information using telecommunication devices, such as a Telematic control unit, to control remote objects

The integrated use of telecommunications and informatics for application in vehicles and to control vehicles on the move

Global navigation satellite system technology (most commonly GPS) integrated with computers and mobile communications technology in automotive navigation systems, often using a GPS tracking unit

(Most narrowly) The use of such systems within road vehicles (also called vehicle telematics)
Hip Hip Hurray (film)
Hip Hip Hurray  is a 1984 Hindi sports drama film directed by Prakash Jha with screenplay by Gulzar. It had Raj Kiran and Deepti Naval as leads and debutant Nikhil Bhagat. The film was the directorial debut of Prakash Jha.

Deepti Naval
Deepti Naval (born 3 February 1952) is an Indian-American actress, director, and writer, predominantly active in Hindi cinema.

Her major contribution has been in the area of art cinema, winning critical acclaim for her sensitive and 'close to life' characters that emphasized the changing roles of women in India. She is the first Indian-American actress to make her debut in the Hindi film industry.
Stag (TV series)
Stag is a British black comedy television serial created by Jim Field Smith and George Kay, starring Jim Howick, Stephen Campbell Moore, Pilou Asbæk, JJ Feild, Rufus Jones, Amit Shah, Reece Shearsmith, and Tim Key. The three-part series, directed by Jim Field Smith from his scripts co-written with George Kay, began broadcasting on BBC Two, in the United Kingdom, on 27 February 2016.

Amit Shah (actor)
Amit Kaushik Shah (born 26 April 1981) is a British actor who was BAFTA nominated for his role as Faisal Bhatti in the AMC/BBC hit third series of Happy Valley. He is known for his roles in the ITV series Mr Bates vs The Post Office (2024) and the Channel 4 comedy-drama Crashing (2016). His films include Pain Hustlers (2023), Final Score (2018), and The Courier (2019).
Willie Montañez
Guillermo Montañez Naranjo (born April 1, 1948) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the California Angels (1966), Philadelphia Phillies (1970–1975, 1982), San Francisco Giants (1975–1976), Atlanta Braves (1976–1977), New York Mets (1978–1979), Texas Rangers (1979), San Diego Padres (1980), Montreal Expos (1980–1981), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1981-1982). He batted and threw left-handed.

Along with Tito Fuentes, Montañez was most noted for being one of MLB's two most flamboyant personalities during the 1970s, so much so that he was labeled a hot dog by detractors. He once commented, “I don't mind being called a hot dog, but it all depends on how people say it."

Tito Fuentes
Rigoberto "Tito" Fuentes Peat (born January 4, 1944) is a retired professional baseball player. He played for 13 seasons in the major leagues between 1965 and 1978, primarily as a second baseman. Fuentes played for most of his career with the San Francisco Giants.