hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2008 in Elite Xtreme Combat
The year 2008 is the 2nd year in the history of the Elite Xtreme Combat, a mixed martial arts promotion based in The United States. In 2008 Elite Xtreme Combat held 12 events beginning with, ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series.

Elite Xtreme Combat
Elite Xtreme Combat, also known as EliteXC, was a United States–based mixed martial arts (MMA) organization owned and operated by ProElite. It was founded as a partnership between Showtime Networks and ProElite and officially announced on December 14, 2006. It was headquartered in Los Angeles.

The partnership to form EliteXC was announced on November 13, 2006. The first major event occurred February 10, 2007, at the DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi. Fighters Frank Shamrock and Renzo Gracie fought in the main event. Also debuting on this card was Charles Bennett, K. J. Noons, Mike Pyle and Antônio Silva.

In early 2008, EliteXC had reached an agreement with CBS to broadcast EliteXC shows on prime time. The arrangement was that CBS would broadcast EliteXC specials every other month on Saturday nights. CBS aired only three events in 2008, on May 31, July 26, and October 4.
A posteriori necessity
A posteriori necessity is a thesis in metaphysics and the philosophy of language, that some statements of which we must acquire knowledge a posteriori are also necessarily true. It challenges previously widespread belief that only a priori knowledge can be necessary. It draws on a number of philosophical concepts such as necessity, the causal theory of reference, rigidity, and the a priori–a posteriori distinction.

It was first introduced by philosopher Saul Kripke in his 1970 series of lectures at Princeton University. The transcript of these lectures were then compiled and assembled into his seminal book, Naming and Necessity.

Rigid designator
In modal logic and the philosophy of language, a term is said to be a rigid designator or absolute substantial term when it designates (picks out, denotes, refers to) the same thing in all possible worlds in which that thing exists. A designator is persistently rigid if it also designates nothing in all other possible worlds. A designator is obstinately rigid if it designates the same thing in every possible world, period, whether or not that thing exists in that world. Rigid designators are contrasted with connotative terms, non-rigid or flaccid designators, which may designate different things in different possible worlds.
Anglican Diocese of Ballarat
The Diocese of Ballarat is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Australia, which was created out of the Diocese of Melbourne in 1875. It is situated in the Ballarat region of the state of Victoria, Australia and covers the south-west region of the state. The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Christ the King in Ballarat. Garry Weatherill, formerly the Bishop of Willochra between 2000 and 2011, was installed as the 10th Bishop of Ballarat on 5 November 2011.

Anglican Diocese of Melbourne
The Anglican Diocese of Melbourne is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Victoria in the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847 and includes the cities of Melbourne and Geelong and also some more rural areas. The cathedral church is St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne.

The incumbent archbishop of the diocese is Ric Thorpe, who was elected on 24 May 2025 and installed on 30 November 2025. He was translated from the Diocese of London, where he was the suffragan Bishop of Islington.
Kanto Wanderer
Kanto Wanderer (関東無宿, Kantō mushuku; aka The Woman Sharper and Kanto Vagabonds) is a 1963 Japanese yakuza film directed by Seijun Suzuki and starring Akira Kobayashi, Chieko Matsubara, Daizaburo Hirata and Hiroko Itō. It was a programme picture produced by the Nikkatsu Company to fill out the second half of a double bill with Shohei Imamura's The Insect Woman. The film was based on a novel by Taiko Hirabayashi and had been previously adapted to the screen as Song from the Underworld (1956) by Suzuki's mentor, Hiroshi Noguchi. The story involves Katsuta, a yakuza member who falls in love and is torn between giri (duty) and ninjo (humanity). The Kanto of the title refers to a large plain on which Tokyo is located.

The Insect Woman
The Insect Woman (にっぽん昆虫記, Nippon konchūki, lit. "Entomological Chronicles of Japan") is a 1963 Japanese drama film directed by Shōhei Imamura. It was entered into the 14th Berlin International Film Festival, where Sachiko Hidari won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award. It was also awarded numerous national film prizes.
S-Glutathionylation
S-Glutathionylation is the posttranslational modification of protein cysteine residues by the addition of glutathione, the most abundant and important low-molecular-mass thiol within most cell types.

Protein S-glutathionylation is involved in

oxidative stress

nitrosative stress

preventing irreversible oxidation of protein thiols

control of cell-signalling pathways by modulating protein function

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
G. D. Sweet Famous Players
The G. D. Sweet Famous Players was an American theater company that performed in tent shows and opera houses. The company was founded by George D. Sweet and was based in Storm Lake, Iowa. Its performers included Sweet's family members. The performances were named "Sunday school" shows because they were family friendly. The company performed well-known Broadway pieces including Abie's Irish Rose and Up in Mabel's Room. The theater company toured throughout Iowa including in Le Mars, Sioux City, and Humboldt. Sweet died on November 30, 1936, from injuries due to a traffic collision three days prior in Louisiana.  The shows originally ended following his death, and Frank Gifford took over the company until 1941. At some point, Vincent Dennis took over the company and held performances in Spencer, Iowa, in May 1947.

Storm Lake, Iowa
Storm Lake is a city in and the county seat of Buena Vista County, Iowa, United States. The population was 11,269 in the 2020 census, an increase from 10,076 in the 2000 census. It is one of the only cities in Iowa with a non-white majority population.

Located along the northern shore of Storm Lake, the city is home to King's Pointe Waterpark Resort, the Living Heritage Tree Museum, the Santa's Castle holiday attraction, and Buena Vista University, a private university. Housing a large Tyson Foods meatpacking plant, the town is responsible for some 3.5% of pork production in the United States.
Ahirwati
Ahirwati (Ahīrvāṭī, sometimes also known as Hīrwāṭī) is an Indo-Aryan dialect of India. It is spoken within the Ahirwal region located to the south-west of the capital Delhi. It belongs to the Rajasthani language group and is commonly taken to be a dialect of Mewati, but in many respects it is intermediate with the neighbouring varieties of Haryanvi and Bagri, and is especially close to Shekhawati.

There are no reliable census figures for the number of speakers. In the past it was variously written in either Devanagari, Gurmukhi, or the Perso-Arabic script.

A peculiar feature of the grammar of Ahirwati is the use of the same postposition to mark both the agent (in certain tenses) and the object.

Shekhawati language
Shekhawati is an Indo-Aryan language of north-eastern Rajasthan, India. It belongs to the Rajasthani languages group and is spoken by an estimated three million people in the Shekhawati region, which comprises the  Jhunjhunu, Neem-Ka-Thana and Sikar districts according to Census 1931 provided by Government of India.

A descriptive grammar of Shekhawati was published in 2001. The word order of the language is typically SOV, and the phonology is characterised by the presence of implosive consonants and a distinct high tone.
Nephilengys
Nephilengys is a genus of tropical spiders of the family Nephilidae, consisting of two currently described species. (The genus was formerly placed in the Araneidae and Tetragnathidae.) The genus Nephilingis has been split off from this genus. Both genera have been called hermit spiders from the habit staying in their retreats during the day; the name eunuch spiders has been used for Nephilengys alone. Males may sever parts of their palpal bulbs after copulation.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Doug Padman
Dudley Gordon Padman OBE (16 June 1885 – 31 August 1970) was an Australian politician who served as the member for Albury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as well as an alderman on and the Mayor of Albury Council.

Electoral district of Albury
Albury is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is currently held by Justin Clancy of the Liberal Party.

Albury is a regional electorate in the state's south. It encompasses the local government areas of the City of Albury, Greater Hume Shire, Federation Council, part of Snowy Valleys Council that includes the town of Cabramurra. Its significant population centres include Albury, Culcairn, Jindera, Corowa, Howlong, Holbrook and Tumbarumba.
James Holt Clanton
James Holt Clanton (January 8, 1827 – September 27, 1871) was an American soldier, lawyer, legislator, and was later also a Confederate soldier. He enlisted in the United States Army for service during the Mexican–American War, and later was a Confederate Army brigadier general during the American Civil War. Following the war he returned to practicing law and later was murdered in a private feud in Tennessee.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Rest in Bass
Rest in Bass (stylized in all caps) is the second studio album by American rapper Che, released on July 18, 2025, through 10K Projects. The album is a successor to his 2024 debut project Sayso Says and features a darker, grimmer musical aesthetic with heavy emphasis on distorted basslines and industrial synths. The album is hosted by DJ Rennessy and features guest appearances from OsamaSon, Xaviersobased and Chuckyy.

On December 25, 2025, Che would release a deluxe edition of the album titled Rest in Bass: Encore consisting of 14 additional tracks and another guest appearance from OsamaSon.

Rest in Bass marks a stylistic evolution for Che, fusing Southern rap and experimental trap.

OsamaSon
Amari Deshawn Adham Middleton (born May 20, 2003), known professionally as OsamaSon, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He became widely known within the underground rap scene after his breakout hits "Cts-V" and "Troops" gained traction online in early to mid-2023; his debut studio album, Osama Season, was released in July 2023. His second studio album, Flex Musix, was released in December 2023. His third studio album, Jump Out, was released in January 2025, becoming his first album to chart on the Billboard 200. His fourth studio album, Psykotic, was released in October 2025, it debuted at #81 on the Billboard 200, marking it as OsamaSon's second ever album to chart, it gained 50 spots higher than Jump Out.
2023 Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship
The 2023 Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship was the sixth staging of the Offaly Senior B Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 2018. The group stage placings were confirmed on 20 March 2023. The championship ran from 7 July to 30 September 2023.

The final was played on 30 September 2023 at Glenisk O'Connor Park in Tullamore, between Kilcormac–Killoughey and Clodiagh Gaels, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Kilcormac–Killoughey won the match by 0–12 to 0–08 to claim their first ever championship title. They later declined their automatic right to promotion due to the fact that their first team already participates in the Offaly SHC.

Offaly Senior Hurling Championship
The Offaly Senior Hurling Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the Molloy Environmental Senior Hurling Championship) is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Offaly GAA clubs. The Offaly County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1896.

Kilcormac–Killoughey are the title-holders, defeating shinrone by 1–24 to 2–14 in the 2025 final.
Ollie Dobbins
Oliver Wendel Dobbins (born November 30, 1941) is an American former professional football defensive back who played one season with the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the eighteenth round of the 1964 NFL draft after playing college football at Morgan State University. He was a member of the Bills team that won the 1964 AFL championship.

1964 American Football League Championship Game
The 1964 AFL Championship Game was the American Football League's fifth championship game, played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York, on Saturday, December 26.

The Buffalo Bills (12–2) of the Eastern Division hosted the defending AFL champion San Diego Chargers (8–5–1) of the Western Division. The two had met twice in the regular season and the Bills won both, most recently by three points in San Diego a month earlier on Thanksgiving Day. This was the first time the city of Buffalo had competed for a football championship since the AAFC Championship Game sixteen years ago in 1948. Hall of fame wide receiver Lance Alworth of the Chargers was injured in the final regular season game (left knee hyperextension) and did not play. The Chargers had lost three of their last four games to end the regular season, and the Bills were slight favorites to win the title at home; with Alworth out they became strong favorites.
Yoo Jae-suk
Yoo Jae-suk (Korean: 유재석; Korean pronunciation: [jud͡ʑεsʌk̚] or [ju] [t͡ɕεsʌk̚]; born on 14 August 1972) is a South Korean comedian, host and television personality. He has hosted several variety television shows in South Korea, including Infinite Challenge, Running Man, Happy Together, and Hangout With Yoo. Known for his quick wit and appeal across a wide range of demographics, Yoo has established himself as one of South Korea's top comedians and TV personalities, as well as one of the most well-known and popular celebrities in South Korea.

Happy Together (talk show)
Happy Together (Korean: 해피투게더; RR: Haepitugedeo) is a South Korean talk show which first ran on November 8, 2001, on KBS2. It was the most popular show on KBS from 2002 to 2003, and continued its success in two more seasons. Happy Together is one of the most popular shows on Korean free-to-air networks which airs every Thursday at 23:05 (KST). The program celebrated its 200th episode during its third season on July 7, 2011.
Armour in the 18th century
Armour in the 18th century was minimalist and restricted almost entirely to cavalry, primarily to cuirassiers and, to a lesser degree, carabiniers and dragoons. Armour had been in rapid decline since the Thirty Years' War, although some archaisms had lingered on into the early years of the 18th century, like Austrian cuirassiers with buff coats and lobster-tailed helmets or Hungarian warriors with mail armour and shields. With the exception of Poland-Lithuania, which still made use of hussars wearing suits of plate armour, armour in Europe was primarily restricted to a (sometimes blackened) breast- and backplate, the cuirass, and a simple iron skull cap worn under the hat. By the later 18th century, there were two contradicting developments. Many cuirassier regiments were discarding their cuirasses, while helmets in the form of so-called dragoon helmets, made of brass or leather, made a comeback among the cavalry and infantry.

Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry.

The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a dragon, which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments.
Steam Frame
Steam Frame is an upcoming virtual reality headset developed by Valve Corporation. Announced in November 2025 as part of a new lineup of Valve-produced hardware, and replacing the Valve Index, it is expected to be released in 2026.

The Frame is a standalone headset utilizing inside-out tracking, competing primarily with similar Android-based headsets such as Meta Quest. It can run software (including both VR and non-VR games) natively via its Linux-based SteamOS operating system, leveraging the existing Proton compatibility layer for Microsoft Windows software, as well as additional compatibility layers for Android apps (primarily for running software targeting similar standalone headsets), and running x86-64 code on its ARM-based CPU. It can also stream software wirelessly from a personal computer using Steam Link.

Compatibility layer
In software engineering, a compatibility layer is an interface that allows binaries for a legacy or foreign system to run on a host system. This translates system calls for the foreign system into native system calls for the host system. With some libraries for the foreign system, this will often be sufficient to run foreign binaries on the host system. A hardware compatibility layer consists of tools that allow hardware emulation.
Wagga Wagga High School
Wagga Wagga High School (abbreviated as WWHS) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located on Coleman Street, Wagga Wagga, a city in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1912, the school catered for approximately 1,050 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom eight percent identified as Indigenous Australians and twelve percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Chris Davies.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Betty Batham
Elizabeth Joan Batham (2 December 1917 – 8 July 1974) was a New Zealand marine biologist and university lecturer. A past president of the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Batham directed the Portobello Marine Biological Station at the University of Otago for more than 23 years.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
It was just last year...
It was just last year... is a 2013 installation by Richard Ross, which consists of three photomurals containing a total of 108 24" x 24" photographs, that is located within the Eskenazi Health Outpatient Care Center on the Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Hospital campus, near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, and is part of the Eskenazi Health Art Collection.

Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital
The Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital is a public hospital located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The hospital is the flagship medical center for Eskenazi Health, founded in 1859 as Indiana's oldest public healthcare system. The hospital is operated by Health and Hospital Corporation of Marion County. The current hospital opened December 7, 2013, less than 1,300 feet (400 m) to the west of the original campus, replacing Wishard Memorial Hospital.

Many of Eskenazi Hospital's 4,620 medical staff are provided by a mix of faculty, residents, and students of the adjacent Indiana University School of Medicine. The hospital is an Adult Level I Trauma Center and serves about 1 million outpatients annually.
Kanjikoil
Kanjikoil is a panchayat town in Perundurai taluk of Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located in the north-western part of the state. Spread across an area of 24 km2 (9.3 sq mi), it had a population of 11,294 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.