hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regional Workers' Center of Paraguay
The Regional Workers' Center of Paraguay (Spanish: Centro Obrero Regional del Paraguay; CORP) was a Paraguayan anarcho-syndicalist trade union center. Founded in 1916 as the successor to the Paraguayan Regional Workers' Federation (FORP), the CORP organized workers throughout the country, at a time when the Paraguayan export market was flourishing. It led several strike actions by workers on the Asunción tram network, culminating in a general strike in 1921. It also participated in the founding of the American Continental Workers' Association (ACAT), together with other Latin American anarcho-syndicalist federations. By the late 1920s, the CORP started losing influence to socialist and communist-led trade unions. The CORP dissolved during the Chaco War (1932–1935), with some of its members joining the ranks of the Paraguayan Communist Party (PCP).

Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.
Ponderosa pine forest
Ponderosa pine forest is a plant association and plant community dominated by ponderosa pine and found in western North America. It is found from the British Columbia to Durango, Mexico. In the south and east, ponderosa pine forest is the climax forest, while in the more northern part of its range, it can transition to Douglas-fir or grand fir, or white fir forests. Understory species depends on location. Fire suppression has led to insect outbreaks in ponderosa pine forests.

Climax community
In scientific ecology, climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession  in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state. This equilibrium was thought to occur because the climax community is composed of species best adapted to average conditions in that area.  The term is sometimes also applied in soil development. Nevertheless, it has been found that a "steady state" is more apparent than real, particularly across long timescales.

The idea of a single climax, which is defined in relation to regional climate, originated with Frederic Clements in the early 1900s. The first analysis of succession as leading to something like a climax was written by Henry Cowles in 1899, but it was Clements who used the term "climax" to describe the idealized endpoint of succession.
1953 VFL Lightning Premiership
The 1953 VFL Lightning Premiership was an Australian rules football knockout competition played entirely on Tuesday, 2 June. It was played on the same day as Elizabeth II's Coronation between rounds 6 and 7 of the Victorian Football League's 1953 season with all games played at the MCG. This was the sixth time a Lightning premiership had been contested in the VFL. It was contested by the 12 VFL teams who competed in the 1953 VFL season. A total of 36,715 people attended the competition. Richmond won its first Lightning Premiership competition defeating St Kilda in the final by 14 points.

1953 VFL season
The 1953 VFL season was the 57th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 18 April until 26 September, and comprised an 18-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs.

The premiership was won by the Collingwood Football Club for the twelfth time, after it defeated Geelong by twelve points in the 1953 VFL Grand Final.
Independent Republican Party of South Carolina
The Independent Republican Party of South Carolina was a political party of South Carolina during Reconstruction. It was founded in 1872 to oppose the election of Franklin J. Moses Jr. for Governor of South Carolina after he had been nominated by the Republicans on August 21, 1872. Former governor James Lawrence Orr denounced the selection of Moses and led the formation of a new party.

Governor of South Carolina
The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly "State of the State" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.

The 117th and current governor of South Carolina is Henry McMaster, who is serving his second elected term. He assumed the office on January 24, 2017, after Nikki Haley resigned to become the United States ambassador to the United Nations. He won election to full terms in 2018 and 2022. McMaster is also the state’s longest serving governor.
Josten
Josten is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Josten, finalist of Deutschland sucht den Superstar

George Josten (born 1986), American soccer player

Günther Josten (1921–2004), German former Luftwaffe fighter ace

Julia Josten (born 1978), German television presenter

Kurt Josten (1912–1994), German-born historian of science and museum curator, largely based in England

Otto Josten, founder of the Jostens Center in Florida, USA

Werner Josten (1885–1963), German-born classical music composer based in the USA

Jostens
Jostens Inc. is an American manufacturer of memorabilia. The company is primarily known for its production of yearbooks, academic regalia, and class rings for various high schools and colleges as well as championship rings for sports. For over 50 years, Jostens has been the supplier of the Super Bowl championship rings. Jostens also produced photobook products for Disney's PhotoPass photography service offered at Disney theme parks and resorts.

As well as its headquarters near Minneapolis and operational offices in Owatonna, Minnesota, Jostens has facilities in Clarksville, Tennessee; Denton, Texas; Eagan, Minnesota; Laurens, South Carolina; Sedalia, Missouri; Shelbyville, Tennessee; the Dominican Republic; and Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Doclea (Illyria)
Doclea or Dioclea, also known as Diokleia or Diocleia (Montenegrin: Дукља, romanized: Duklja; Greek: Διοκλεία), was an ancient Illyrian, Roman and Byzantine city, in the region of the Docleatae tribe (Roman province of Dalmatia, later Praevalitana), now an archeological site near Podgorica in modern Montenegro.

It was an episcopal see from the late Roman period through the Early Middle Ages. Today, it is a titular see, both in the Eastern Orthodox Church, and in the Catholic Church (Latin Rite).

When spelled as Diocleia or Diokleia, it should not be confused with ancient Phrygian city of Diokleia in Phrygia (Greek: Διόκλεια Φρυγίας).

Dalmatia (Roman province)
Dalmatia was a Roman province. Its name is derived from the name of an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, which lived in the central area of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It encompassed the northern part of present-day Albania, much of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia, thus covering an area significantly larger than the current Croatian and Montenegrin region of Dalmatia. Originally this region was called Illyria (in Greek) or Illyricum (in Latin).

The province of Illyricum was dissolved and replaced by two separate provinces: Dalmatia and Pannonia.
Industrialisation in Africa
Industrialisation in Africa has been slow, with most economies geared towards raw material exports. Colonial administrations attempted rapid industrialisation starting in the 1920s but largely prioritised resource extraction over domestic manufacturing. Post-independence governments in Africa pursued industrialisation as a means of economic development in the latter half of the 20th century, but the implemented policies achieved limited success amid structural challenges. Economic crises and neoliberal policies promoted by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund in the 1980s resulted in deindustrialisation. Despite high growth rates in the early-21st century, structural change toward growing manufacturing sectors was minimal. As of 2023, Africa remained the least industrialised continent in the world.

Raw material
A raw material, also known as a feedstock, unprocessed material, or primary commodity, is a basic material that is used to produce goods, finished goods, energy, or intermediate materials/Intermediate goods that are feedstock for future finished products. As feedstock, the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are required to produce other products.

The term raw material denotes materials in unprocessed or minimally processed states such as raw latex, crude oil, cotton, coal, raw biomass, iron ore, plastic, air, logs, and water. The term secondary raw material denotes waste material which has been recycled and injected back into use as productive material.
He Zehui
Professor He Zehui or Ho Zah-wei (Chinese: 何泽慧; March 5, 1914 – June 20, 2011) was a Chinese nuclear physicist who worked with Walther Bothe in Nazi Germany during World War II and with Irène Joliot-Curie in Paris, and later helped develop the Chinese nuclear programme. She is credited with discovering the phenomenon of elastic collision between positrons and electrons by 1945, and – jointly with her husband Qian Sanqiang – ternary and quaternary fission in the uranium nucleus in 1946.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Swash Channel Wreck
The Swash Channel Wreck is the remains of an early 17th-century armed merchantman possibly of Dutch origin wrecked outside of Poole Harbour.  The vessel was approximately 40 m long and has been predicted to be around 600 tonnes.  The ship was probably involved with the beginning of internationalization.

The archaeological evidence, including the small number of guns, the position of the galley, wooden sheathing, ornate carvings and that only one row of knees is present on the wreck, suggest that the vessel was a high-status merchantman bound for the tropics. Dendrochronology dates the ship's timbers to 1628 from the Dutch/German Border.
Approximately 40% of the port side of the wreck remains from above the keel line to the stern and bow castles.

Poole Harbour
Poole Harbour is a large natural harbour in Dorset, southern England, with the town of Poole on its shores. The harbour is a drowned valley (ria) formed at the end of the last ice age and is the estuary of several rivers, the largest being the Frome. The harbour has a long history of human settlement stretching to pre-Roman times. The harbour is extremely shallow (average depth 48 cm [19 in]), with one main dredged channel through the harbour, from the mouth to Holes Bay.

Poole Harbour has an area of approximately 36 km2 (14 sq mi). It is one of several which lay claim to the title of "second largest natural harbour in the world" (after Port Jackson, Sydney).
Gamma Arietis
Gamma Arietis is a binary or possibly trinary star system in the northern constellation of Aries. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from γ Arietis, and abbreviated Gamma Ari or γ Ari. This system is called "The First Star in Aries" as having been at one time the nearest visible star to the equinoctial point. The combined apparent visual magnitude of the stars is 3.86, which is readily visible to the naked eye and makes this the fourth-brightest member of Aries. Based upon parallax measurements, the distance to Gamma Arietis from the Sun is approximately 166 light-years (51 parsecs).

The two components are designated γ1 Arietis or Gamma Arietis B and γ2 Arietis or Gamma Arietis A. The latter is formally named Mesarthim, pronounced /mɛˈsɑːrθɪm/, the traditional name for the Gamma Arietis system. γ1 Arietis may itself be a spectroscopic binary with a low mass companion.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
CJCH-FM
CJCH-FM (101.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The station broadcasts a Contemporary hit radio format branded on-air as 101.3 Virgin Radio, and is owned by Bell Media. CJCH's studios and offices are located at the intersection of Russell and Agricola streets in Halifax (behind TV sister station CJCH-DT). The transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.

Virgin Radio
Virgin Radio is a branding of radio stations broadcast in Canada, France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. As of January 2026, there were over 60 stations globally.

The stations in each country are owned and operated locally and independently of each other and the Virgin Group, which licenses the Virgin Radio brand and provides support services.
Alexandra quarry
Alexandra quarry was a slate quarry in North Wales, on the slopes of Moel Tryfan in north Gwynedd. It was part of one of the major slate quarrying regions of Wales, centred on the Nantlle Valley during the 19th and 20th centuries. Output increased when a connection to the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways branch to Bryngwyn was created. It closed in the late 1930s, but was subsequently amalgamated with the Moel Tryfan quarry, and production continued until the 1960s.

Bryngwyn railway station
Bryngwyn railway station is a former station which was the terminus for passengers on the Bryngwyn Branch of the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways, and later the Welsh Highland Railway. Beyond the station, an incline climbed the slope of Moel Tryfan to serve a series of slate quarries. Those connected by tramways to the incline head included the Alexandra quarry, Moel Tryfan quarry, Fron quarry, Braich quarry and Cilgwyn quarry.
Max Waldmeier
Max Waldmeier (18 April 1912 – 26 September 2000) was a Swiss astronomer whose career centered on solar physics. He served as director of the Swiss Federal Observatory at ETH Zurich from 1945 to 1979 and oversaw the Zurich sunspot number program during the postwar decades.

Sunspot number
The Wolf number (also known as the relative sunspot number or Zürich number) is a quantity that measures the number of sunspots and groups of sunspots present on the surface of the Sun. Historically, it was only possible to detect sunspots on the far side of the Sun indirectly using helioseismology. Since 2006, NASA's STEREO spacecrafts allow their direct observation.
Collemopsidium foveolatum
Collemopsidium foveolatum is a species of lichen in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. It is a marine lichen that grows entirely embedded within calcareous substrates in the intertidal zone, particularly on limestone rocks and marine shells. The species is characterised by its minute, black, sunken reproductive structures (perithecia) that measure 0.10–0.24 mm in diameter and create small pits in the substrate. First described in 1911 from specimens collected in England, it has since been documented along coastlines in western Europe, North America and North Africa. The species can be distinguished from similar marine lichens by its consistently small, deeply embedded perithecia and its ability to maintain stable growth by keeping pace with natural substrate erosion.

Xanthopyreniaceae
The Xanthopyreniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Collemopsidiales. Members of this family are found worldwide on rocks in various climates, from temperate to polar regions, where they form inconspicuous crusty growths or live hidden within the rock surface. Where lichenised, species partner with cyanobacteria, and several lineages are parasitic (lichenicolous) on other lichens. The family is characterized by small, dark fruiting bodies that release spores through a single opening at the top.
Being Canadian
Being Canadian is a 2015 Canadian documentary comedy film that was written and directed by Robert Cohen and produced by The Sibs (Colin Keith Gray and Megan Raney Aarons), in association with Movie Central and The Movie Network. The film is an examination of Canadian identity and is structured around a cross-country road trip. Cohen interviews Canadian celebrities, most of whom are comedians.

The film premiered in Canada at the Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto on 26 April 2015. Its American premiere in New York City on 18 September 2015 launched the Canada Cool film tour, which was sponsored by Telefilm Canada and the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA). Critical response to the film was mixed; while some critics said it is an entertainingly patriotic love letter to Canada, others said it fails to provide a fresh perspective or meaningful answers to the questions it asks. The Writers Guild of America nominated the film for a Best Documentary Screenplay award.

Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival
The Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival is the largest documentary festival in North America. The event takes place annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 27th edition of the festival took place online throughout May and June 2020. In addition to the annual festival, Hot Docs owns and operates the Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema, administers multiple production funds, and runs year-round screening programs including Doc Soup and Hot Docs Showcase.
Army Group South Rear Area
Army Group South Rear Area (Rückwärtiges Heeresgebiet Süd) was one of the three Army Group Rear Area Commands, established during the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union. Commanded by General Karl von Roques, it was an area of military jurisdiction behind Wehrmacht's Army Group South.

The Group South Rear Area's outward function was to provide security behind the fighting troops. It was also a site of mass murder during The Holocaust and other crimes against humanity targeting the civilian population. In the words of historian Michael Parrish, the army commander "presided over an empire of terror and brutality".

Army Group South
Army Group South (German: Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the invasion of Poland, Army Group South was led by Gerd von Rundstedt and his chief of staff Erich von Manstein.

Two years later, Army Group South became one of three army groups into which Germany organised their forces for Operation Barbarossa. Army Group South's principal objective was to capture Soviet Ukraine and its capital Kiev.

In September 1944, Army Group South Ukraine was renamed Army Group South in Eastern Hungary. It fought in Western Hungary until March 1945 and retired to Austria at the end of the Second World War, where it was renamed Army Group Ostmark on 2 April 1945.
Mohammad Solaiman
Mohammad Solaiman (Bengali: মোহম্মদ সোলায়মান; born 1955) is a Bangladeshi academic. He is the vice chancellor of the University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC). He was the vice chancellor of the University of Information Technology and Sciences (UITS) in Dhaka. He is a professor of marketing at Chittagong University.

University of Chittagong
The University of Chittagong (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) also known as Chittagong University (CU), is a public research university located in Chittagong, Bangladesh. It was established on 18 November 1966. It is the fifth oldest university of Bangladesh. Having an area of 2,312.32 acres (935.76 ha) campus, CU is the largest university in Bangladesh. It is one of the four autonomous universities of Bangladesh.
2,2,5,5-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran
2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF) or 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane (TMO) is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C8H16O, or (CH3)2(C(CH2)2OC)(CH3)2.  It can be seen as derivative of tetrahydrofuran (oxolane) with four methyl groups replacing four hydrogen atoms on each of the carbon atoms in the ring that are adjacent to the oxygen.  The absence of hydrogen atoms adjacent to the oxygen means that TMTHF (TMO) does not form peroxides, unlike other common ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and CPME.

The compound has been demonstrated as a non-polar solvent in research chemistry, having similar properties to toluene and as a reagent in chemical synthesis.

Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O. The compound is classified as heterocyclic compound, specifically a cyclic ether.  It is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity.  It is mainly used as a precursor to polymers.  Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, butanone.
Sulecio Sanford
Sulecio Sanford (born March 23, 1976) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL), Arena Football League (AFL), and NFL Europe. He played college football at Middle Tennessee, and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round of the 1999 NFL draft.

Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football
The Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football is the intercollegiate football program representing Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Blue Raiders compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and are a member of Conference USA. They are coached by Derek Mason, who was hired as the 15th head coach in program history on December 6, 2023.

Middle Tennessee has appeared in 14 bowl games and seven I-AA playoffs. The Blue Raiders play their home games at the Johnny "Red" Floyd Stadium, which has a seating capacity of 27,303.
Thomas Larsson (musician)
Thomas Larsson (born 1964 in Falun, Sweden) is a Swedish guitarist and songwriter, perhaps most famous for his work with singer Glenn Hughes and with the band Baltimoore. He has also released a few solo albums.

Glenn Hughes (musician)
Glenn Hughes (born 21 August 1951) is an English musician, best known as the bassist and singer in the hard rock band Trapeze and in the Mk. III and IV line-ups of Deep Purple, as well as briefly fronting Black Sabbath in the mid-1980s.

In addition to being an active session musician, Hughes maintains a notable solo career. He fronts the supergroup Black Country Communion, and fronted California Breed from 2013 to 2015 and The Dead Daisies from 2019 to 2023. In 2016, Hughes was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Deep Purple.