hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8
Wallington Cobblestone Schoolhouse District No. 8 is a historic one-room schoolhouse located at 6135 North Geneva Road in the hamlet of Wallington, within the Town of Sodus, Wayne County, New York. Constructed in the early nineteenth century, the building is an example of regional cobblestone architecture and served as a district school for more than a century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1994, under Criteria A (Education) and C (Architecture) as part of the Cobblestone Architecture of New York State Multiple Property Submission.

Cobblestone
Cobblestone is a natural building material based on cobble-sized stones, and is used for pavement roads, streets, and buildings. Setts, also called Belgian blocks, are often referred to as "cobbles", although a sett is distinct from a cobblestone by being quarried and shaped into a regular form, while cobblestones are naturally occurring rounded forms less uniform in size.

It has been used across various cultures for millennia, particularly in Europe, and became especially prominent during the medieval and early modern periods. Today, cobblestone streets are often associated with historic preservation and are used in many cities to maintain the historical character of certain neighborhoods.
Photometry (optics)
Photometry is a branch of optics that deals with measuring light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. It is concerned with quantifying the amount of light that is emitted, reflected, transmitted, or received by an object or a system.

Photometric quantities (e.g., luminous flux) are related to their radiometric analogs (e.g., radiant flux) through standardized luminous efficiency functions that model the spectral sensitivity of the human visual system. Typically, this wavelength-dependent weighting function is the photopic sensitivity function, although the scotopic function or other functions may also be applied in the same way. The weightings are standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Photometry is a branch of radiometry. Radiometric quantities are not limited to light (i.e., cover other kinds of optical radiation and are sometimes extended to other kinds of electromagnetic radiation) and are not spectrally weighted.

Scotopic vision
In the study of visual perception, scotopic vision (or scotopia) is the vision of the eye under low-light conditions. The term comes from the Greek skotos, meaning 'darkness', and -opia, meaning 'a condition of sight'. In the human eye, cone cells are nonfunctional in low visible light. Scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells, which are most sensitive to wavelengths of around 498 nm (blue-green) and are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm. Under scotopic conditions, light incident on the retina is not encoded in terms of the spectral power distribution. Higher visual perception occurs under scotopic vision as it does under photopic vision.
Twelve Garrisons of Southern Hokkaido
The Twelve Garrisons of Southern Hokkaido (Japanese: 道南十二館, "Twelve Garrisons of the Southern Circuit") was a general term encompassing the Japanese feudal possessions in southern Ezo (now Hokkaido). The names come from the "Shinra no Kiroku" which describes the history of the Matsumae Domain. It is distributed along the southern coastline of the Oshima peninsula facing the Tsugaru Strait, from the Shimosa Garrison in Hakodate to Hanazawa Garrison in Kaminokuni. These garrisons were possessed by the Ando clan and were important sites for trade between Japanese merchants and the indigenous Ainu.

Matsumae clan
The Matsumae clan (松前氏, Matsumae-shi) was a Japanese aristocratic family who were daimyo of the Matsumae Domain, now in Matsumae, Hokkaido, from the Azuchi–Momoyama period until the Meiji Restoration. They were given the march as their fiefdom in 1590 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and charged with defending it, and by extension the whole of Japan, from the Ainu "barbarians" of the north.

The Late Middle Japanese and Early Modern Japanese term for Hokkaido was Yezo, now pronounced Ezo; it was renamed only during the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

The Matsumae were the first Yamato people to negotiate with the Russian Empire. Following the Meiji Restoration, the family was bestowed the title of Viscount.
Jack Stephens (footballer)
Jack Stephens (born 27 January 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for and captains EFL Championship club Southampton.

Born in Torpoint, Stephens began his career as a youth player with Plymouth Argyle, remaining with the club as a professional until he joined Southampton in 2011. Stephens had loan spells with Swindon Town, Middlesbrough and Coventry City before making his league debut with Southampton in January 2017. He spent the 2022–23 season on loan at Bournemouth.

Although starting his career as a right back, Stephens has been converted into a centre back. He can also operate as a left back, or in a defensive midfielder role, and has played internationally for the England under-18, under-19, under-20 and under-21 sides.

England national under-19 football team
England national under-19 football team, also known as England under-19s or England U19(s), represents England in association football at under-19 age level and is controlled by the Football Association, the governing body for football in England. Primarily, it competes to qualify for the annual UEFA European Under-19 Championship.
Kepler-10b
Kepler-10b is the first confirmed terrestrial planet to have been discovered outside the Solar System by the Kepler Space Telescope. Discovered after several months of data collection during the course of the NASA-directed Kepler Mission, which aims to discover Earth-like planets crossing in front of their host stars, the planet's discovery was announced on January 10, 2011. Kepler-10b has a mass of 3.72±0.42 Earth masses and a radius of 1.47 Earth radii. However, it lies extremely close to its star, Kepler-10, and as a result is too hot to support life as we know it. Its existence was confirmed using measurements from the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
2018 Evian Championship
The 2018 Evian Championship was played 13–16 September at the Evian Resort Golf Club in Évian-les-Bains, France. It was the 25th Evian Championship (the first 20 played as the Evian Masters), and the sixth as a major championship on the LPGA Tour. The event was televised by Golf Channel and NBC Sports in the United States and Sky Sports in the United Kingdom.

At the age of 40, Angela Stanford won her first major championship on her 76th appearance in a major. Four players tied for second place, a stroke behind, including Amy Olson who came to the last hole needing a par to win but made a double bogey.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
Lu Chunfang
Lu Chunfang (born 15 May 1956) is a Chinese engineer who is deputy general manager of China National Railway Group Limited, a former vice minister of railways, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Ministry of Railways (China)
The Ministry of Railways (MOR) was a constituent department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China.

The ministry was responsible for passenger services, regulation of the rail industry, development of the rail network and rail infrastructure in mainland China. The ministry was also in charge of the operations of China Railway which manages the railway bureaux and companies in mainland China.

On 10 March 2013, it was announced that the Ministry would be dissolved and its duties taken up by the Ministry of Transport (safety and regulation), National Railway Administration (inspection) and China Railway Corporation (construction and management), in part addressing concerns about calls for independent supervision of the rail industry. It was dissolved that year.
Grace Avenue
Grace Avenue is a 0.97-mile (1.56 km) road connecting the villages of Great Neck Plaza and Thomaston on the Great Neck Peninsula within the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, New York, United States.

Owned by Nassau County and maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works, the road is designated by the county as the unsigned Nassau County Route C96.

County Route 11 (Nassau County, New York)
County Route 11 (CR 11) is a major, 6.46-mile (10.40 km) county road connecting New Hyde Park and Kings Point, in Nassau County, on Long Island, New York. The unsigned, north–south county route is the primary road serving the Great Neck Peninsula and a major access road for the United States Merchant Marine Academy. CR 11 consists of Lakeville Road and Middle Neck Road.

CR 11, in its entirety, is owned by Nassau County and is maintained by the Nassau County Department of Public Works (NCDPW).
First Maratha invasion of Bengal
The First Maratha invasion of Bengal occurred in 1742, led by Bhaskar Pandit under the command of Raghuji Bhonsle, the Maratha ruler of Nagpur. The Marathas aimed to collect chauth and exploit Bengal's wealth, targeting regions like Burdwan, Katwa, Murshidabad, Nadia and Hooghly.

Following the Maratha invasion, Nawab Alivardi Khan took decisive steps to counter the Maratha raids and ultimately expel them from Bengal Subah's territory. Despite the retreat, the invasion devastated Bengal's economy, with contemporary accounts reporting widespread looting and civilian hardship.

Hooghly district
Hooghly district is one of the 23 districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. It can alternatively be spelt Hoogli. The headquarters of the district is Chuchura. The district is named after the Hooghly River and is located in the Burdwan division. There are four subdivisions of the district: Chinsurah Sadar, Serampore, Chandannagore, and Arambagh.
Léonard She Okitundu
Léonard She Okitundu Lundula (born 8 March 1946) is a Congolese diplomat who has served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and one of the Vice Prime Ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since December 2016 until March 2019. He has formerly held a number of other government offices in the DRC and Zaïre, being the Foreign Minister before (2000–2003), a Senator, and also chief of staff of President Joseph Kabila's administration.

Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
4°19′56″S 15°18′11″E﻿ / ﻿4.3322°S 15.3031°E﻿ / -4.3322; 15.3031

The Senate (French: Sénat) is the upper house of the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The senate was established in 1960, abolished in 1967 and re-established in 2003.

During the transition period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003 - 2006), the Senate, aside from its legislative role, also had the task of drafting the country's new constitution. This task came to fruition with the adoption of the draft in Parliament in May 2005, and its approval by the Congolese people, in a successful democratic referendum on 18 and 19 December 2005.

The current president of the Senate is Sama Lukonde, elected in 12 August 2024. The secretary general is Jean Mukuala Bateke. The most recent Senate was sworn in on January 28, 2019.
32nd Texas Cavalry Regiment
The 32nd Texas Cavalry Regiment, sometimes incorrectly named Andrews's 15th Texas Cavalry Regiment, was a unit of volunteer cavalry mustered into the Confederate States Army in May 1862 and which fought during the American Civil War. The regiment was formed around companies from Richard Phillip Crump's 1st Texas Cavalry Battalion which fought in Indian Territory and at Pea Ridge. Many of the soldiers died of disease in the unhealthy camps near Corinth, Mississippi. The cavalrymen were dismounted in July 1862 and served as infantry for the rest of the war. The regiment fought at Richmond, Ky., Stones River, and Chickamauga in 1862–1863, in the Meridian and Atlanta campaigns and at Nashville in 1864, and at Spanish Fort and Fort Blakeley in 1865. The regiment's 58 surviving members surrendered to Federal forces on 9 May 1865.

Battle of Spanish Fort
30°41′3.4″N 87°54′58.95″W﻿ / ﻿30.684278°N 87.9163750°W﻿ / 30.684278; -87.9163750

The Battle of Spanish Fort took place from March 27 to April 8, 1865, in Baldwin County, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

After the Union victory in the Battle of Mobile Bay, Mobile nevertheless remained in Confederate hands. Spanish Fort was heavily fortified as an eastern defense to the city of Mobile.  Fort Huger, Fort (Battery) Tracey, Fort (Battery) McDermott, Fort Alexis, Red Fort, and Old Spanish Fort were all part of the Mobile defenses at Spanish Fort.
Luís Norton de Matos
Luís Maria Cabral Norton de Matos (born 14 December 1953) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a forward, and a manager.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 211 matches and 36 goals over nine seasons, representing in the competition Académica, Estoril, Atlético, Belenenses and Portimonense. In 1989 he became a manager, going on to work with several clubs.

Atlético Clube de Portugal
Atlético Clube de Portugal is a Portuguese sports club based in the parish of Alcântara, in the west side of Lisbon. The club was established on 18 September 1942 through the merger of two local clubs from Alcântara: Carcavelinhos Football Club and União Foot-Ball Lisboa. In addition to football, the club has sections for futsal and basketball. Historically, it also had sections for field hockey, swimming, sport fishing, cycling, table tennis, rugby, volleyball, gymnastics, triathlon, and handball.
Priapeia
The Priapeia (or Carmina Priapea) is a collection of eighty anonymous short Latin poems in various meters on subjects pertaining to the phallic god Priapus. They are believed to date from the 1st century AD or the beginning of the 2nd century. A traditional theory about their origin is that they are an anthology of poems written by various authors on the same subject. However, it has recently been argued that the 80 poems are in fact the work of a single author, presenting a kind of biography of Priapus from his vigorous youth to his impotence in old age.

Phallus
A phallus (pl.: phalli or phalluses) is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis or a mimetic image of an erect penis. In art history, a figure with an erect penis is described as ithyphallic.

Any object that symbolically—or, more precisely, iconically—resembles a penis may also be referred to as a phallus; however, such objects are more often referred to as being phallic (as in "phallic symbol"). Such symbols often represent fertility and cultural implications that are associated with the male sexual organ, as well as the male orgasm.
Semi Ajayi
Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo "Semi" Ajayi Listenⓘ MON (born 9 November 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for EFL Championship club Hull City. Born in England, he plays for the Nigeria national team.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Lafayette Mendel
Lafayette Benedict Mendel (February 5, 1872 –  December 9, 1935) was an American biochemist known for his work in nutrition, with longtime collaborator Thomas B. Osborne, including the study of Vitamin A, Vitamin B, lysine and tryptophan.

B vitamins
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. They are a chemically diverse class of compounds.

Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B1 for thiamine, B2 for riboflavin, and B3 for niacin, while some are more commonly recognized by name than by number, such as pantothenic acid (B5), biotin (B7), and folate (B9). B vitamins are present in protein-rich foods, such as fish, poultry, meat, dairy products, and eggs; they are also found in leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas. Fortified foods, such as breakfast cereals, baked products, and infant formulas, may contain B vitamins.

Each B vitamin is either a cofactor (generally a coenzyme) for key metabolic processes or is a precursor needed to make one.
2018 Kenyan Premier League
The 2018 Kenyan Premier League (known as the SportPesa Premier League for sponsorship reasons) is the 15th season of the Kenyan Premier League since it began in 2003, and the 55th season of top-division football in Kenya since 1963. It began on 3 February and is scheduled to end on 7 October. Gor Mahia are the defending champions.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting
The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a protocol developed for harvesting metadata descriptions of records in an archive so that services can be built using metadata from many archives. An implementation of OAI-PMH must support representing metadata in Dublin Core, but may also support additional representations.

The protocol is usually just referred to as the OAI Protocol.

OAI-PMH uses XML over HTTP. Version 2.0 of the protocol was released in 2002; the document was last updated in 2015. It has a Creative Commons license BY-SA.

Dublin Core
The Dublin Core vocabulary, also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Terms (DCMT), is a general purpose metadata vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It was first developed for describing web content in the early days of the World Wide Web. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is responsible for maintaining the Dublin Core vocabulary.

In March 1995,  in Dublin, Ohio, National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Online Computer Library Center held a joint workshop to discuss metadata semantics.

Initially developed as fifteen terms in 1998 the set of elements has grown over time and in 2008 was redefined as a Resource Description Framework (RDF) vocabulary.

Designed with minimal constraints, each Dublin Core element is optional and may be repeated. There is no prescribed order in Dublin Core for presenting or using the elements.
IBM Palm Top PC 110
The Palm Top PC 110 is a palmtop computer that was developed jointly by IBM's Japanese subsidiary and Ricoh. It was released exclusively in Japan in September 1995. It used the Intel 80486SX microprocessor and was available in three different configurations. It used a Japanese keyboard, could be used in a docking station, and had a modem connection. During the development phase, the size was decreased. After the release, it was received positively for the number of features, but negatively for the small keyboard.

I486SX
The i486SX was a microprocessor originally released by Intel in 1991. It was a modified Intel i486DX microprocessor with its floating-point unit (FPU) disabled. It was intended as a lower-cost CPU for use in low-end systems—selling for US$258—adapting the SX suffix of the earlier i386SX in order to connote a lower-cost option. However, unlike the i386SX, which had a 16-bit external data bus and a 24-bit external address bus (compared to the fully 32-bit i386DX, its higher-cost counterpoint), the i486SX was entirely 32-bit.: 117  The Intel486 SX-20 CPU can perform up 20 MIPS at 25 MHz while this can also perform 70% faster than the 33 MHz Intel386 DX with external cache.
Slide (musical ornament)
The slide (Schleifer in German, Coulé in French, Superjectio in Latin) is a musical ornament often found in baroque musical works, but used during many different periods. It instructs the performer to begin two or three scale steps below the marked note and "slide" upward—that is, move stepwise diatonically between the initial and final notes. Though less frequently found, the slide can also be performed in a descending fashion.

Glissando
In music, a glissando (Italian: [ɡlisˈsando]; plural: glissandi, abbreviated gliss.) is a glide from one pitch to another (Playⓘ). It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, "to glide". In some contexts, it is equivalent to portamento, which is a continuous, seamless glide between notes. In other contexts, it refers to discrete, stepped glides across notes, such as on a piano. Some terms that are similar or equivalent in some contexts are slide, sweep bend, smear, rip (for a loud, violent glissando to the beginning of a note), lip (in jazz terminology, when executed by changing one's embouchure on a wind instrument), plop, or falling hail (a glissando on a harp using the back of the fingernails). On wind instruments, a scoop is a glissando ascending to the onset of a note achieved entirely with the embouchure, except on instruments that have a slide (such as a trombone).