hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lothar Lutze
Lothar Lutze (7 September 1927 – 4 March 2015) was a German scholar, writer, translator and Indologist. He was the Emeritus Professor of the Department of Modern Languages and Literatures at the Heidelberg University. He is known for his research on Hindi literature and Indian culture, which prompted many to classify him under Heidelberg Indologists. He is a recipient of the Tagore Award and the Dr. George Grierson Award of the Central Hindi Directorate of the Government of India. The Government of India honored him again the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri, in 2006, for his contributions to Indian literature.

Central Hindi Directorate
The Central Hindi Directorate (Hindi: केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय, romanized: Kendrīya Hindī Nideśālay), New Delhi is the directorate, under the Ministry of Education (India), responsible for promotion of Standard Hindi. It also regulates the use of Devanagari script and Hindi spelling in India. In keeping with the instructions of Article 351 of the Constitution of India, the Central Hindi Directorate of 1 March 1960 was established. There are four regional offices situated at Chennai, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Kolkata.
1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series
The 1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 7th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races. Al Unser Sr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Arie Luyendyk. The 1985 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Danny Sullivan won the Indy 500, in dramatic fashion, a race that became known as the "Spin and Win."

In September 1984, Rick Mears suffered serious leg injuries in a crash at Sanair. Mears drove only a part-time schedule in 1985, racing at Indianapolis, and subsequently on ovals only. Al Unser Sr. took Mears' full-time seat at Penske Racing as a substitute for the season. Unser had one win, ten top fives, and one other top ten, en route to the championship, a battle that climaxed in dramatic fashion in the final race of the season.

Rick Mears
Richard Ravon Mears (born December 3, 1951) is an American former race car driver. He is one of four men to win the Indianapolis 500 four times (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991) and is the current record-holder for pole positions in the race with six (1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991). Mears is also a three-time Indycar series/World Series champion (1979, 1981 and 1982).
William Horne (golfer)
William Henry Horne (born 1880) was an English professional golfer. He finished in the top 10 in the Open Championship in 1909 and 1920 and was South African Open champion in 1919. He was a well-travelled professional and was also renowned for his long hitting.

South African Open (golf)
The South African Open is one of the oldest national open golf championships in the world, having first been played in 1903, and is one of the principal tournaments on the Southern-Africa-based Sunshine Tour. Since 1997 it has also been co-sanctioned by the European Tour.
Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
John Aiken Carleton
Commissioner John Aiken Carleton (21 May 1848 – 21 June 1934) was a contemporary of William Booth and played a significant role in the early days of The Salvation Army. He was the first Chair of the Salvation Army International Musical Board.  He is known for his idea of giving up pudding that gave rise to Self-Denial week, something still in existence to this day. He was in the first cohort to be awarded the Order of the Founder in 1920.

William Booth
William Booth (10 April 1829 – 20 August 1912) was an English Methodist preacher who, along with his wife, Catherine, founded the Salvation Army and became its first General (1878–1912). This Christian movement, founded in 1865, has a quasi-military structure and government and has spread from London to many parts of the world. It is one of the largest distributors of humanitarian aid.
Charlottenlund
Charlottenlund is a suburban area on the coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the administrative seat of Gentofte Municipality. Bordered to the east by the Øresund, to the South by Hellerup and to the north by Klampenborg, it is one of the wealthiest areas in Denmark. The neighbourhood takes its name after Charlottenlund Palace.

Klampenborg
Klampenborg is a northern suburb of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located in Gentofte municipality, directly on the shores of the Øresund Strait, between Taarbæk and Skovshoved.

Like other neighbourhoods along the Øresund coast, Klampenborg is an affluent area with many large houses.
HMS Hostile
HMS Hostile (H55) was an H-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the 1930s. She was the first and so far only Royal Navy ship to bear the name Hostile. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. She was transferred to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in October 1939 to hunt for German commerce raiders in the South Atlantic with Force K. Hostile participated in the First Battle of Narvik in April 1940 and the Battle of Calabria in July 1940. The ship was damaged by a mine off Cape Bon in the Strait of Sicily while on passage from Malta to Gibraltar on 23 August 1940. She was then scuttled by HMS Hero.

Battle of Calabria
The Battle of Calabria (Battaglia di Punta Stilo) on 9 July 1940, was a naval battle during the Battle of the Mediterranean in the Second World War between ships of the Regia Marina and those of the Mediterranean Fleet. The battle took place 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) to the east of Punta Stilo, Calabria.

Both fleets went to sea to protect convoys that reached their destinations and both had signals intelligence giving them notice of their opponent's intentions and both had air support, the Italians from land-based aircraft and the British from the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle.

The battle involved many ships on both sides but it was indecisive and the ships returned to base; it was the first battleship engagement between the Italians and the British.
Paraenhydrocyon
Paraenhydrocyon ("beside Enhydrocyon") is an extinct genus of bone crushing omnivorous early canid which inhabited North America during the Early Miocene, 24.8—20.4 Ma, existing for approximately 5 million years.

The dentition suggests that this animal was a hypercarnivore or mesocarnivore. In addition to its retention of several primitive cranial characters, this includes unique sharp-tipped, slender premolars that clearly contrast with the strong premolars of the Mesocyon–Enhydrocyon group, but also parallels that clade by having a reduced metaconid cusp on the lower molars.

Mesocyon
Mesocyon ("middle dog") is an extinct genus of the Hesperocyoninae subfamily of early canids native to North America. It lived from the Oligocene to Early Miocene, 30.3—20.3 Ma, existing for approximately 10 million years. Fossils are known from Oregon, southern California and the northern Great Plains. It was roughly coyote-sized, and the first known canid to have a primarily meat-based diet.
Sacheon
Sacheon (Korean: 사천; Korean pronunciation: [sʰa.tɕʰʌn]) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Sacheon's chief fame comes from its being the site of two naval battles in the Seven Year War.

The city as it now exists results from the merging of Sacheon-gun and Samcheonpo-si in 1995. The northern part of the city is called Sacheon-eub and is located at the top of Sacheon Bay, near the city of Jinju. The southern part of the city is located in the old Samcheonpo-si, which is located at the mouth of Sacheon Bay.

South Gyeongsang Province
South Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상남도, romanized: Gyeongsangnam-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.nam.do]) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO World Heritage Site Haeinsa, a Buddhist temple that houses the Tripitaka Koreana and tourist attraction, is located in this province. Automobile and petrochemical factories are largely concentrated along the southern part of the province, extending from Ulsan through Busan, Changwon, and Jinju.
Kim Sang-wook (politician)
Kim Sang-wook (Korean: 김상욱; born 1 January 1980) is a South Korean lawyer and politician. A person from North Gyeongsang Province, he is currently a member of Democratic Party of Korea since 18 May 2025 after leaving People Power Party on 8 May 2025 due to his support of Impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
2021 Tour de Ski
The 2021 Tour de Ski was the 15th edition of the Tour de Ski and part of the 2020–21 FIS Cross-Country World Cup. The World Cup stage event began in Val Müstair, Switzerland on 1 January 2021 and conclude with the Final Climb stage in Val di Fiemme, Italy, on 10 January 2021. The tour was the second edition starting in Val Müstair. The last stage known as the Final Climb was held as a mass start for the second time. Alexander Bolshunov from Russia and Therese Johaug from Norway were the title defenders. However, Johaug and other athletes from Norway decided to skip the Tour de Ski with concerns about competing and travelling during coronavirus pandemic.

Bolshunov defended his title on this year's Tour de Ski, finishing in the overall standings with a three minute margin from the runner-up. Jessie Diggins won her first Tour de Ski cup; her best result prior to that was third, which she reached at the 2017–18 Tour de Ski. She became the first American to win the Tour de Ski.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
Well Hill
Well Hill is a small rural hamlet within the civil parish of Shoreham in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It borders east of Orpington & 3.5 miles south of Swanley, adjacent to the Kent border with Greater London, within the constituency of Sevenoaks .

Shoreham, Kent
Shoreham is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located 5.2 miles north of Sevenoaks.

The probable derivation of the name is estate at the foot of a steep slope. Steep slope was from the Saxon word scor. pronounced shor, but written sore by Norman scribes.

The village of Shoreham contains three traditional independent pubs: The Samuel Palmer (formally Ye Olde George Inn), The King's Arms and the Crown; with The Rising Sun in nearby Twitton.
Rothco
Rothco, later rebranded as Droga5 Dublin, is a creative and advertising agency based in Dublin, Ireland. The agency was founded in 1995, employs more than 150 people, and was acquired by Accenture in December 2017. Accenture, which also acquired the Droga5 agency in 2019, rebranded Rothco as "Droga5 Dublin" in 2022.

Accenture
Accenture plc is a multinational technology consulting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Founded in 1989, Accenture provides information technology and management consulting services across 120 countries globally.
Agnes Syme Lister
Agnes Syme, Lady Lister (23 November 1834 – 12 April 1893), was a British botanist. She was the wife of and assistant to her husband, Joseph Lister. A botanical collector in her own right, she collaborated with her husband on many of his experiments, including the dosage of chloroform.

Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
Tommy Wingels
Thomas Wingels (born April 12, 1988) is an American former professional ice hockey forward and current player development coach for the San Jose Sharks. He played most of his career in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the San Jose Sharks, the Ottawa Senators, the Chicago Blackhawks and the Boston Bruins and retired after two seasons in the National League (NL) with Genève-Servette HC.

Genève-Servette Hockey Club
Genève-Servette Hockey Club, also known as Genève-Servette HC, (also called Servette or GSHC) is a professional ice hockey club based in Geneva, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. The team plays its home games at the Patinoire des Vernets, which has a seating capacity of 7,135.

The team is currently the oldest team in the NL, being founded in 1905.
St. Francis Institute of Management and Research
St. Francis Institute of Management and Research is a Management Institute located in Borivali West, Mumbai. The college is popularly known as SFIMAR. The college is rated as 'A+' grade college by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in the second NAAC cycle.

Borivali
Borivali (Pronunciation: [boːɾiʋəliː]) is a suburb located in northwestern Mumbai, India. Traditionally, tribals and East Indians lived in Borivali.

Attractions include the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Fish Park, Kanheri Caves, Mandapeshwar Caves, Water Kingdom, the Rushivan and Hanuman Tekdi, with views of the suburbs.

Borivali railway station is an originating and terminating Railway Station for Mumbai local trains towards Churchgate in the South & Virar in the North. Also some express trains halt at this rail station which provides ease for people travelling long distances.
NOVA (filesystem)
The NOVA (non-volatile memory accelerated) file system is an open-source, log-structured file system for byte-addressable persistent memory (for example non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) and 3D XPoint DIMMs) for Linux.

NOVA is designed specifically for byte-addressable persistent memories and aims to provide high-performance, atomic file and metadata operations, and fault tolerance. To meet these goals NOVA combines several techniques found in other file systems. NOVA uses log structure, copy-on-write (COW), journaling, and log-structured metadata updates to provide strong atomicity guarantees, and it uses a combination replication, metadata checksums, and RAID 4 parity to protect data and metadata from media errors and software bugs. It also supports checkpoints to facilitate backups.

Journaling file system
A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a "journal", which is usually a circular log.  In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems can be brought back online more quickly with a lower likelihood of becoming corrupted.

Depending on the actual implementation, a journaling file system may only keep track of stored metadata, resulting in improved performance at the expense of increased possibility for data corruption.  Alternatively, a journaling file system may track both stored data and related metadata, while some implementations allow selectable behavior in this regard.
R. H. C. Davis
Ralph Henry Carless Davis (7 October 1918 – 12 March 1991) was a British historian and educator specialising in the European Middle Ages.  Davis was born and died in Oxford. He was a leading exponent of strict documentary analysis and interpretation, was keenly interested in architecture and art in history, and was successful at communicating to the public and as a teacher.

Dragon School
The Dragon School is a private school across two sites in Oxford, England. The Dragon Pre-Prep (children aged 4–7) and Prep School (children aged 8–13) are both co-educational schools. The Dragon Prep School was founded in 1877 as the Oxford Preparatory School. It takes day pupils and boarders.

Originally established for boys, the Dragon School also accepted a small number of day girls with a close connection to the school, first admitting girls as boarders in 1994. The school educates children aged 4 to 13 in two sites in North Oxford: Bardwell Road and Richards Lane. Boarding starts at 8, and there are 10 boarding houses, including one weekly-boarding house. Dragon Lane runs along the edge of the school immediately to the west.
Mistress and Maid
Mistress and Maid (Dutch: Dame en dienstbode) is an oil-on-canvas painting produced by Johannes Vermeer c. 1667. It portrays two women, a mistress and her maid, as they look over the mistress' letter. The painting displays Vermeer's preference for yellow and blue, female models, and domestic scenes. It is now in the Frick Collection in New York City.

Study of a Young Woman
Study of a Young Woman (also known as Portrait of a Young Woman or Girl with a Veil) is a painting by the Dutch artist  Johannes Vermeer, completed between 1665 and 1667, and now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

The painting was painted around the same time as the better-known Girl with a Pearl Earring and has a near-identical size. Because of this, and its proximity in tone and composition, it is sometimes considered to be either a variant or pendant painting (counterpart) of Girl with a Pearl Earring. The subjects of both paintings wear pearl earrings, have scarves draped over their shoulders, and are shown in front of a plain black background. In addition, it has been suggested (though this has also been widely contested) that the creation of both works involved the use of some optical device, such as a camera obscura or mirror, as the Hockney–Falco thesis speculates.
1905 Edmonton municipal election
The 1905 municipal election was held December 11, 1905 for the purpose of electing a mayor and four aldermen to sit on the Edmonton City Council, as well as five public school trustees and five separate school trustees.  This was the second election to be held since Edmonton became a city.

There were eight aldermen on city council. Two of the positions were already filled: John R. Boyle and Thomas Bellamy were both elected to two-year terms in 1904 and were still in office (Boyle had been elected MLA in the 1905 provincial election and would resign as alderman in March 1906).

Aldermen Charles May and Kenneth McLeod had resigned partway through their two-year terms. Their seats would be filled after the election by appointment of the two most popular unsuccessful candidates - Robert Mays and David Latta. Amendments to the city charter were passed by the Legislature in early 1906. Thereafter, vacant seats were filled by a by-election or as part of a general municipal election.

1904 Edmonton municipal election
The 1904 municipal election was held December 12, 1904 for the purpose of electing a mayor and eight aldermen to sit on the Edmonton City Council, as well as five public school trustees and five separate school trustees.  It was Edmonton's first election as a city, and the first in which there were eight aldermanic positions instead of six.  Because of this new composition of city council, all aldermanic positions were elected instead of only half as had been the case in previous elections and would again be the case in subsequent elections.  Accordingly, even though Edmund Grierson, Charles May, and Joseph Henri Picard had been elected to two-year terms in the 1903 election, their terms were truncated.  May and Picard decided to stand for re-election, while Grierson did not.

In order to re-establish staggered aldermanic terms, the top four finishers were elected to two-year terms while the next four were elected to one-year terms.
Camarasaurus lewisi
Camarasaurus lewisi is a species of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the United States. It was named by James A. Jensen in 1988. C. lewisi was originally placed in its own genus, Cathetosaurus, but in 1996 it was reclassified as a species of Camarasaurus; most researchers since have considered it to be one of the four valid species of Camarasaurus. Two unpublished studies have since argued that the genus Cathetosaurus should be reinstated, whereas two other studies have argued that C. lewisi may be a junior synonym of another species of Camarasaurus.

James A. Jensen
James Alvin Jensen (August 2, 1918 – December 14, 1998), better known as "Dinosaur Jim", was an American paleontologist. His extensive collecting program at Brigham Young University in the Utah–Colorado region which spanned 23 years was comparable in terms of the number of specimens collected to that of Barnum Brown during the early 20th century. He was given the name "Dinosaur Jim" during the media coverage of his activities. Perhaps his most significant contribution to paleontology was to replace the 19th-century web of external metal struts, straps and posts that had been used to mount dinosaurs with a system of supports which were placed inside of bones, which produced free-standing skeletons with few or no obvious supports.

He is credited with naming and describing Supersaurus (1985) and Torvosaurus (with Peter Galton, 1979).
Waliul Islam
Waliul Islam is a retired secretary and the chairman of the board of trustees of Gono Bishwabidyalay. He is the chairperson of Social Marketing Company. He is a former director of Dhaka Stock Exchange. He was the secretary of the Ministry of Shipping.

Islam was the secretary of the Statistics and Informatics Division of the Ministry of Planning. He contributed to the Bangladesh Liberation War while serving as the Sub Divisional Officer (SDO) of Magura District.

Social Marketing Company
Social Marketing Company (aka SMC) is a Bangladeshi non-profit organisation which offers education and products for family planning, maternal and child health, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and AIDS. It is the largest social marketing company in Bangladesh.