hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 Evin prison hunger strike
On July 26, 2010, seventeen prisoners from Ward 350 of Evin prison, Iran, executed a 16-day hunger strike to protest solitary confinement, as well as the poor living conditions within the prison. This included the lack of necessary medical treatment, arbitrary detention, denial of access to legal counsel, suspension of visitation privileges and abuse from prison guards. Subsequent to the hunger strike, authorities placed the seventeen prisoners in solitary confinement in Ward 240, while also prohibiting them from making phone calls, visiting their families, or contacting their lawyers. Overall, the action did not achieve its objectives of improving conditions within the prison or gaining access to legal counsel. However, one of the prisoners on strike, Babak Bordbar, was released for unknown reasons on August 10.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Harold C. Hinton
Harold Clendenin Hinton (1924 – September 24, 1993) was an American sinologist and scholar of international relations. Born in France to a New York Times correspondent, he moved with his father to Washington, D.C., where he attended school. His college education at Harvard was interrupted by his service in the Pacific during World War II. After the war, he continued study at Harvard, receiving his PhD in 1946 under the direction of John King Fairbank. He began teaching at Georgetown University, and became one of the first American academics to specialize in the study of the emerging communist government of China. After brief stints at various universities in Washington and New York, he joined the Institute of Sino-Soviet Studies at George Washington University in 1964; during this period he worked as a government advisor on Sino-Soviet relations and an analyst at the Institute for Defense Analyses. He retired in 1992, and died at Estes Park, Colorado in 1993.

John King Fairbank
John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907 – September 14, 1991) was an American historian of China and United States–China relations. He taught at Harvard University from 1936 until his retirement in 1977. He is credited with building the field of China studies in the United States after World War II with his organizational ability, his mentorship of students, support of fellow scholars, and formulation of basic concepts to be tested.

The Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard is named after him. Among his most widely read books are The United States and China, first published in 1948 and revised editions in 1958, 1979, and 1983; East Asia: The Great Tradition (1960) and East Asia The Great Transformation (1965), co-authored with Edwin O. Reischauer; and his co-edited series, The Cambridge History of China.
Île aux Oeufs
Île aux Œufs (lit. 'Egg Island') is an island on the north shore of St. Lawrence River located in Port-Cartier, Quebec, Canada. It is a 19-hectare rocky island resting on a Precambrian bedrock, located two kilometers east of the mainland shore, about five kilometers from the hamlet of Pointe-aux-Anglais and forty kilometers from Pointe-des-Monts. It is mainly covered in balsam fir and includes the fourth-largest colony of common eiders in the St. Lawrence Estuary, as well as a colony of Double-crested Cormorants.

In 1711, the island's reefs witnessed the sinking of the Walker expedition, in which 900 of Admiral Hovenden Walker's 12,000 men perished, putting an end to the British attempt to invade New France. In 1871, the Ministère de la Marine et des Pêches built a lighthouse and was replaced in 1955, automated in 1970 and finally closed in 2003.

Hovenden Walker
Rear-Admiral Sir Hovenden Walker (1656 or 1666 – 1725 or 1728) was a British naval officer noted for, during Queen Anne's War, having led an abortive 1711 expedition against Quebec City, then the capital of New France.
Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt
Wettin (German pronunciation: [vɛˈtiːn] ⓘ) is a small town belonging to the municipality of Wettin-Löbejün in the Saale District of Saxony-Anhalt (Saxony-Ascania), in east-central Germany. It is situated on the River Saale, just north of Halle. It is known for Wettin Castle, the ancestral seat of the House of Wettin, the former ruling dynasty of Saxony, Poland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Bulgaria. The town and its name are of Slavic origin.

Saalekreis
Saalekreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The district seat is Merseburg. Its area is 1,434.2 km2 (553.7 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Kyffhäuserkreis (Thuringia), Mansfeld-Südharz, Salzlandkreis, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Nordsachsen, Leipzig (both Saxony) and Burgenlandkreis. The district-free city of Halle is surrounded by the Saalekreis.
2021 Rolex Paris Masters
The 2021 Rolex Paris Masters was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 49th edition of the tournament, and a Masters 1000 event on the 2021 ATP Tour. It was held at the Palais omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris, France, between 1 and 7 November 2021.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
S.L. Benfica (handball)
Sport Lisboa e Benfica (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈpɔɾ liʒˈβoɐ i βɐ̃jˈfikɐ] ⓘ), commonly known as Benfica, is a professional handball team based in Lisbon, Portugal.

Benfica play in the top tier domestic league, Andebol 1, and hold home matches at the Pavilhão da Luz Nº 2. Since its inception in 1932, Benfica have won 7 Portuguese League titles, 6 Portuguese Cups, 2 Portuguese League Cups, and 7 Portuguese Super Cups. Internationally, Benfica won the EHF European League in 2021–22, becoming the first Portuguese club to win the competition.

In addition to the club's men's reserve team, Benfica B, playing in the second division, Benfica also has a women's team, who are the current Portuguese champions, having won 11 League titles, 9 Cups, 1 Federation Cup and 5 Super Cups.

Portuguese Women's Handball Cup
The Portuguese Women's Handball Cup (Portuguese: Taça de Portugal de Andebol Feminino) is a Portuguese handball  competition, played in the Swiss system and eligible for all women's professional or amateur teams.
M. N. Roy
Manabendra Nath Roy (born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, better known as M. N. Roy; 21 March 1887 – 25 January 1954) was a 20th-century Indian revolutionary, philosopher, radical activist and political theorist. Roy was the founder of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India (Tashkent group).

He was also a delegate to the Communist International congresses and Russia's aide to China. In the aftermath of World War II Roy moved away from orthodox Marxism to espouse the philosophy of radical humanism, attempting to chart a third course between liberalism and communism.

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay CIE (anglicised as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; 26 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was an Indian Bengali novelist, poet, essayist and journalist.

Noted for his pro-British stance, he accepted the legitimacy of the British rule and supported English education.

He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Indian literature. He was the composer of Vande Mataram, written in highly Sanskritised Bengali, personifying India as a mother goddess. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels and many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.
Southern Tomb 23
Southern Tomb 23 is a sepulchre in Amarna, Egypt. It was used for the burial of Any, whose titles included, Royal scribe, Scribe of the offering-table of the Aten, Steward of the estate of Aakheperura (Amenhotep II).

Amenhotep II
Amenhotep II (also called Amenophis II and meaning "Amun is Satisfied") was the seventh pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He inherited a vast kingdom from his father Thutmose III, and held it by means of a few military campaigns in Syria; however, he fought much less than his father, and his reign saw the effective cessation of hostilities between Egypt and Mitanni, the major kingdoms vying for power in Syria. His reign is usually dated from 1427 to 1401 BC. His consort was Tiaa, who was barred from any prestige until Amenhotep's son, Thutmose IV, came into power.
Battle of Nedumkotta
The Battle of Nedumkotta took place between December 1789 and May 1790, and was a reason for the opening of hostilities in the Third Anglo-Mysore War. This battle was fought between Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore and Dharma Raja, Maharaja of Travancore. Mysore army attacked the fortified line in Thrissur district at the Travancore border known as the Nedumkotta. The Mysore army was successfully repulsed by the Travancore army under the leadership of Raja Kesavadas, Dewan of Travancore.

Dewan
Dewan (also known as diwan, sometimes spelled devan or divan) designated a powerful government official, minister, or ruler. A dewan was the head of a state institution of the same name (see Divan). Diwans belonged to the elite families in the history of Mughal and post-Mughal India and held high posts within the government.
Ahmo Hight
Ahmo Kathleen Hight (September 18, 1973 – August 29, 2023) was an American fitness model, actress, pornography actress and reality television star. She also went by the alias Amy Hite. Best known for her work in softcore pornography and for her appearances on hit VH1 celebreality shows; Real Chance of Love season 1 and I Love Money season 2.

I Love Money season 2
The second season of the VH1 reality television series I Love Money, created by The Surreal Life executive producers Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin, premiered on February 2, 2009 with Craig J. Jackson returning to host. The 19 contestants for the second season were drawn from I Love New York, Flavor of Love, Rock of Love with Bret Michaels, and Real Chance of Love to compete in physical and mental challenges, aiming for a $250,000 grand prize. Production began in late October 2008 & wrapped November 2008.
Dean Murray (basketball)
Dean Murray (born June 6, 1964) is an American professional basketball coach. He is currently an assistant coach with MBB Basketball of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). Murray has coached several professional teams in Europe, Asia and Africa.

MBB Basketball
Made by Ball Blue Soldiers, commonly known as MBB or MBB Blue Soldiers, is a South African basketball team based in Johannesburg. The team plays in the Basketball National League (BNL), the highest level of basketball in the country, following their promotion in 2024. They have won one National Championship title in 2024.

They made their debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in the 2025 season.
Anatoliy Dimarov
Anatoliy Dimarov (born Anatoly Andronikovych Harasyuta on May 17, 1922, in Haratsky, Poltava Oblast – June 29, 2014, Kyiv, Ukraine) was a Ukrainian writer. He was awarded the 1981 Shevchenko Prize in literature for the second volume of the novel Pain & Anger (Volume 1: 1974; Volume 2: 1980).

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
Marquess or Marchioness of Galatone
Marquess or Marchioness of Galatone (Marchese o Marchesa di Galatone) was a hereditary title of Spanish nobility created by King Philip II of Spain for Stefano Squarciafico, Patrician of Genoa, on 29 June 1562, and inherited according to Spanish nobiliary law. The title is currently (yet unofficially) held by the Prince or Princess Belmonte.

The title is not currently extant in the peerage of Spain.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Dee Hsu
Dee Hsu (Chinese: 徐熙娣; pinyin: Xú Xīdì; born 14 June 1978), stage name Little S (小S; Xiǎo S), also credited as elephant DEE for her EP of the same name (2014), is a Taiwanese television host, actress, and singer. She debuted alongside her older sister Barbie Hsu (Big S) in 1994 as part of the musical duo S.O.S (later A.S.O.S), which shifted its focus to television hosting beginning in 1996. The sisters co-hosted variety shows such as Guess (1996–2000) and 100% Entertainment (1998–2005). Hsu gained wide popularity for co-hosting Kangsi Coming (2004–2016) with Kevin Tsai, for which the duo won Best Host in a Variety Show at the 40th Golden Bell Awards in 2005. She won the award again for Dee Girl's Talk at the 60th Golden Bell Awards in 2025.

Hsu ranked 27th on the Forbes China Celebrity 100 in 2010, 46th in 2011, 31st in 2012, 27th in 2013, 54th in 2014, and 75th in 2015.

Golden Bell Award for Best Host in a Variety Show
The Golden Bell Award for Best Host in a Variety Show (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎綜藝節目主持人獎) is one of the categories of the competition for the Taiwanese television production, Golden Bell Awards. It has been awarded since 1980.
Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Rudra Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana was an erstwhile field-marshal and the Western Commander-in-Chief of Nepal. He was the third son of Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana and in line to be the Prime Minister of Nepal. He was exiled to the Palpa District, where he was made the district's Tainathwalla (chief administrative official). He held this position from 1934 till 1951 and was the last Tainathwalla ever appointed in the Palpa District. He rebuilt the Char Burja Durbar which Bir Shumsher JBR had given him after it was destroyed by fire in 1962 BS.

Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Commanding General Shree Maharaja Sir Bir Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana GCSI (10 December 1852 – 5 March 1901) was the 11th Prime Minister of Nepal. He is remembered as a statesman who made reforms and infrastructure improvements. Bir Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana was known as Kailay in his childhood; this name was given by Jung Bahadur. His mother was daughter of Pahalman Singh Basnyat and sister of Lalitman Singh Basnyat. His mother died at his birth and he was taken care of by Putali Maharani, wife of Jung Bahadur. He spent his childhood at Thapathali Durbar.
Paranormal Challenge
Paranormal Challenge is an American competitive paranormal reality television series that aired from June 17, 2011 to September 16, 2011 on the Travel Channel. A spin-off of Ghost Adventures, the series was created and hosted by lead investigator Zak Bagans, with each episode featuring him challenging two teams of ghost hunters to go head-to-head in a weekly competition to gather paranormal evidence by spending a night in reportedly haunted locations in the United States. The final episode aired on September 16, 2011 and judge David Schrader announced that the show would not be renewed for a second season.

Paranormal television
Paranormal television is a genre of reality television that purports to document factual investigations of the paranormal rather than fictional representations seen in traditional narrative films and TV. Over the years, the genre has grown to be a staple of television and even changed the programming focus of networks like the History Channel and the Travel Channel. By highlighting beliefs in topics ranging from Bigfoot to aliens, paranormal television continues to elevate popular interest in the paranormal.
Kid vs. Kat
Kid vs. Kat (stylized KiD vs KaT) is a Canadian animated television series that originally aired on YTV in Canada from October 25, 2008, until June 4, 2011. The series was created and co-directed by Rob Boutilier, and developed and produced at Studio B Productions (a subsidiary of DHX Media, now WildBrain), in association with YTV and Jetix Europe and (later rebranded as Disney XD for its second season). Two seasons of 52 episodes total were produced.

Disney XD (international)
Disney XD is a children's television channel brand owned by the Disney Branded Television and Disney Entertainment divisions of the Walt Disney Company, that launched in the United States on February 13, 2009, as the successor to Toon Disney and Jetix, both of which previously had individual international presence.

Since 2019, Disney XD has been discontinued or closed down globally (except in Poland and locally in the United States) to prioritize Disney Channel by moving its content to the respective channel, and also by the launches of Disney+ in those regions, excluding Canada, which the closure in Canada occurred due to financial pressure occurring at Corus Entertainment.
Stathis Kefallonitis
Efstathios "Stathis" Kefallonitis FRSA FRAeS FCIM (born 1977) is a Greek-American consumer engagement strategist, neuroscientist and member of the leadership team at United Airlines. He has had a scientific career at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University & University College London. He is a foundation board member of the International Flight Services Association (IFSA) & a former board member of the International Flight Services Association.

The Chartered Institute of Marketing
The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) was founded in 1911. It has over 30,000 members, including more than 3,000 registered Chartered Marketers. CIM offers 130 study centres in 36 countries, and exam centres in 132 countries.

In 1952 Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, became the institute's patron, taking over from King George VI who was appointed in 1937 as CIM's first royal patron. In 2019 King Charles III (then Prince of Wales), became the new patron of CIM.

The first Code of Practice was introduced in 1973, and in 1989, the institute was awarded a royal charter.

CIM offers training courses, and professional qualifications, from foundation to postgraduate or master's degree level (EQF Level 7). In 1992, the European Union declared CIM's flagship qualification as the "preferred professional marketing qualification through member states".
Cross modal plasticity
Cross modal plasticity is the adaptive reorganization of neurons to integrate the function of two or more sensory systems. Cross modal plasticity is a type of neuroplasticity and often occurs after sensory deprivation due to disease or brain damage. The reorganization of the neural network is greatest following long-term sensory deprivation, such as congenital blindness or pre-lingual deafness. For example, individuals with auditory deficits may experience strengthened visual processing compared to hearing individuals. In these instances, cross modal plasticity can strengthen other sensory systems to compensate for the lack of vision or hearing. This strengthening is due to new connections that are formed to brain cortices that no longer receive sensory input.

It is important to note that cross modal plasticity is not only limited to auditory and visual systems but can cause reorganization in tactile and olfactory systems too.

Prelingual deafness
Prelingual deafness refers to deafness that occurs before learning speech or language. Speech and language typically begin to develop very early with infants saying their first words by age one. Therefore, prelingual deafness is considered to occur before the age of one, where a baby is either born deaf (known as congenital deafness) or loses hearing before the age of one. This hearing loss may occur for a variety of reasons and impacts cognitive, social, and language development.
Pete Katinsky
Pete Katinsky is a fictional character on the FX Network television series The Bear, the husband of Natalie Berzatto (Abby Elliott). Pete is played by Chris Witaske. The character of Pete has appeared in 15 episodes of the show, beginning with the season one installment "Hands," written by Christopher Storer. Pete is a lawyer by profession and temperamentally much gentler than the sometimes fractious Berzattos.

Christopher Storer
Christopher Storer (born 1980 or 1981) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer. Having initially risen to prominence for his collaborations with comedian Bo Burnham, such as co-directing Burnham's comedy specials what. (2013) and Make Happy (2016) and producing Burnham's debut film Eighth Grade (2018), he became more widely known as the creator, co-showrunner, writer, and director of the comedy-drama series The Bear (2022–present), for which he has won four Primetime Emmy Awards.
Environmental law in New Jersey
Environmental law in New Jersey consists of legislative and regulatory efforts to protect the natural environment in the State of New Jersey. Such efforts include laws and regulations to reduce air and water pollution, regulate the purity of drinking water, remediate contaminated sites, and preserve lands from development, particularly in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey and the Highlands in the north of the state. Environmental laws in New Jersey are enforced primarily by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP).

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) is a government agency in the U.S. state of New Jersey that is responsible for managing the state's natural resources and addressing issues related to pollution. NJDEP now has a staff of approximately 2,850.

The department was created on April 22, 1970, America's first official Earth Day, making it the third state in the country to combine its environmental activities into a single, unified agency, with about 1,400 employees in five divisions, charged with responsibility for environmental protection and conservation efforts. Governor William T. Cahill appointed Richard J. Sullivan as the first commissioner.

In December 2017, Catherine McCabe was nominated by New Jersey governor-elect Phil Murphy to serve as Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Shawn M. LaTourette succeeded her in January 2021. Other former Commissioners have included Lisa P. Jackson and Bradley M. Campbell.