hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Industrial espionage
Industrial espionage, also known as economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage, refers to the systematic and unauthorized acquisition of sensitive business information. This practice typically targets trade secrets, proprietary operational data, and intellectual property belonging to competitors or other organizations. The information is gathered with the intent to gain a competitive advantage, facilitate business decision-making, or for commercial sale to interested parties. Industrial espionage is conducted by various actors, including current or former employees, contractors, corporate competitors, foreign governments, and criminal organizations, and is universally recognized as both illegal and unethical.

While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.

Trojan horse (computing)
In computing, a trojan horse (or simply trojan; often capitalized, but see below) is a kind of malware that misleads users as to its true intent by disguising itself as a normal program.

Trojans are generally spread by some form of social engineering. For example, a user may be duped into executing an email attachment disguised to appear innocuous (e.g., a routine form to be filled in), or into clicking on a fake advertisement on the Internet. Although their payload can be anything, many modern forms act as a backdoor, contacting a controller who can then have unauthorized access to the affected device. Ransomware attacks are often carried out using a trojan.

Unlike computer viruses and worms, trojans generally do not attempt to inject themselves into other files or otherwise propagate themselves.
Sofia Grönberg-Whitmore
Sofia Grönberg-Whitmore (born 25 May 1965) is a Swedish professional golfer. She played on the Ladies European Tour (LET) between 1989 and 2001 and won three LET titles. In 1989 she also won a title on the Ladies Asian Golf Tour and its Order of Merit.

Alongside Helen Alfredsson and Liselotte Neumann, Grönberg-Whitmore was one of the pioneers of women's professional golf in Sweden in the 1980s.

Ladies Asian Golf Tour
The Ladies Asian Tour is a women's professional golf tour established in 2022 and successor to the Ladies Asia Golf Circuit which ran 1983–2004 and the Ladies Asian Golf Tour which ran 2005–2021. The successive tours have been sanctioned by the Asia-Pacific Golf Confederation since its inception as an official Asian ladies' tour.
André Evard
Jean André Evard (1 June 1876 – 20 July 1972) was a Swiss painter and drafter. His special significance lies in the field of constructive art. He is counted among the first artists who did not work figuratively. In the course of his life he produced hundreds of oil paintings, a large number of drawings as well as approximately 2000 to 3000 watercolor and gouache paintings.

Constructivism (art)
Constructivism is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko. Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism, the Bolsheviks, and the Russian avant-garde.

Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music.
MiPBF
MiPBF, also known as N-methyl-N-isopropyl-3-(2-aminoethyl)benzofuran or as 1-oxa-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (1-oxa-MiPT), is a serotonin receptor modulator of the benzofuran family related to the psychedelic tryptamine methylisopropyltryptamine (MiPT). It is the analogue and bioisostere of MiPT in which the indole nitrogen has been replaced with an oxygen atom, making it a benzofuran rather than tryptamine derivative. The drug shows affinity for serotonin receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B receptors (IC50Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 5,000 nM, 500 nM, and 800 nM, respectively). Its affinities for these receptors were 7-fold, 13-fold, and 1.5-fold lower than those of MiPT, respectively. MiPBF was first described in the scientific literature by Dennis McKenna and David Repke and colleagues in 1990.

Substituted benzofuran
The substituted benzofurans are a class of chemical compounds based on the heterocyclic and polycyclic compound benzofuran. Many medicines use the benzofuran core as a scaffold, but most commonly the term is used to refer to the simpler compounds in this class which include numerous psychoactive drugs, including stimulants, psychedelics and empathogens. In general, these compounds have a benzofuran core to which a 2-aminoethyl group is attached (at any position), and combined with a range of other substituents. Some psychoactive derivatives from this family have been sold under the name Benzofury.
Hermes Aviation
Hermes Aviation, styled as flyhermes.com and known as Fly Hermes was a short-lived Maltese airline start-up, based at the Skypark Business Center, Malta International Airport in Luqa. Hermes Aviation provided scheduled and charter flights for passengers, cargo and mail.

Malta International Airport
Malta International Airport (IATA: MLA, ICAO: LMML) is the only airport in Malta, and it serves the whole of the Maltese Islands. It is located on the island of Malta, southwest of the Maltese capital, Valletta, in the town of Luqa, and occupies the location of the former RAF Luqa. The airport serves as the main hub for KM Malta Airlines and Medavia besides being an operating base for Ryanair and its subsidiary Malta Air. It is also home to the Area Control Center and hosts the annual Malta Airshow. The airport is operated by Malta International Airport plc.

It has been the hub of KM Malta Airlines since March 2024 and the hub of its predecessor, Air Malta, from 1974 to 2024.
100 Gigabit Ethernet
40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) are groups of computer networking technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at rates of 40 and 100 gigabits per second (Gbit/s), respectively. These technologies offer significantly higher speeds than 10 Gigabit Ethernet. The technology was first defined by the IEEE 802.3ba-2010 standard and later by the 802.3bg-2011, 802.3bj-2014, 802.3bm-2015, and 802.3cd-2018 standards. The first succeeding Terabit Ethernet specifications were approved in 2017.

The standards define numerous port types with different optical and electrical interfaces and different numbers of optical fiber strands per port. Short distances (e.g. 7 m) over twinaxial cable are supported while standards for fiber reach up to 80 km.

Twinaxial cabling
Twinaxial cabling, or twinax, is a type of cable similar to coaxial cable, but with two inner conductors in a twisted pair instead of one. Due to cost efficiency it is becoming common in modern (2013) very-short-range high-speed differential signaling applications.
Asasekiryū Tarō
Asasekiryū Tarō (born Badarchiin Dashnyam, Mongolian: Бадарчийн Дашням; August 7, 1981) is a Mongolian-Japanese former sumo wrestler. He made his debut in January 2000, reaching the top makuuchi division in March 2003. He  won four special prizes, and spent a total of five tournaments in the titled san'yaku ranks. The highest rank was sekiwake. He was a runner-up in two tournaments in 2004 and 2007. After 2013 he was mainly ranked in the lower jūryō and makushita divisions. He acquired Japanese citizenship in April 2017 and retired from active competition the following month. He became a coach at Takasago stable under the elder name Nishikijima Oyakata. In November 2020 he became head coach of Takasago stable.

Professional sumo divisions
Professional sumo as administered by the Japanese Sumo Association is divided into six ranked divisions. Wrestlers are promoted and demoted within and between these divisions based on the merit of their win–loss records in official tournaments. For more information, see kachi-koshi and make-koshi. Wrestlers are also ranked within each division. The higher a wrestler's rank within a division is, the general level of opponents he will have to face becomes stronger. According to tradition, each rank is further subdivided into East and West, with East being slightly more prestigious, and ranked slightly higher than its West counterpart. The divisions, ranked in order of hierarchy from highest to lowest, are as follows:
Jan Jacob Rochussen
Jan Jacob Rochussen (23 October 1797 – 21 January 1871) was a Dutch politician. He served as finance minister from 1840 to 1843 and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1845 to 1851. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 18 March 1858 to 23 February 1860.

Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (Dutch: Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië, Indonesian: Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda) represented Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.
Meitei people in Karnataka
Meitei people (ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ), also known as the Manipuris (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ), in Karnataka, constitute a small diaspora community, mostly originated from the northeastern Indian state of Manipur. Primarily settled in urban centers such as Bengaluru, their migration has been driven by factors including education, employment, and professional opportunities. The community retains aspects of its linguistic and cultural identity, notably the use of the Meiteilon (Manipuri) language and the observance of traditional Meitei festivals and customs. While geographically distant from their native region, the Meitei population in Karnataka maintains social and cultural networks that support community cohesion and cultural continuity.
They are sometimes referred to as Kannadiga Meitei people.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Kerim Bekirbaev
Kerim Bekirbaev (Russian: Керим Бекирович Бекирбаев; 13 October 1928 – 1 July 1997) was a Crimean Tatar aircraft designer of the Soviet Union specializing in development of vertical takeoff aircraft for which he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labour in 1981.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Lü Hongchen
Lü Hongchen (Chinese: 吕宏琛; born 16 May 1989 in Tianjin) is a Chinese former professional football player who played as defender. He represented Xinjiang Sport Lottery Tianjin Locomotive and Shijiazhuang Ever Bright where he played the majority of his career, gaining two promotions with them and playing several seasons in the top tier of the Chinese Super League.

Cangzhou Mighty Lions F.C.
Cangzhou Mighty Lions Football Club (Chinese: 沧州雄狮足球俱乐部; pinyin: Cāngzhōu Xióngshī Zúqiú Jùlèbù) was a Chinese professional football club based in Cangzhou, Hebei. Cangzhou Mighty Lions played its home matches at the Cangzhou Stadium, located within Yunhe District. Their majority shareholder is the Yongchang Real Estate, who own 70% of the shares of the club.
Garden Court, Philadelphia
Garden Court is a neighborhood in the West Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is situated between 45th and 52nd Streets and stretches from Locust Street south to Cedar Street. There is overlap in area with the nearby neighborhoods of Walnut Hill, Spruce Hill, and Cedar Park.

West Philadelphia
West Philadelphia, nicknamed West Philly, is a section of the city of Philadelphia. It has no officially defined boundaries, but is generally considered to be west of the Schuylkill River between City Avenue in the northwest, Cobbs Creek in the southwest, and the SEPTA Media/Wawa Line in the south. An alternate definition includes all city land west of the Schuylkill, thus including Southwest Philadelphia and its neighborhoods.  The eastern side of West Philadelphia is also known as University City.
Connie Mocumie
Baratang Constance Mocumie (born 10 August 1965) is a South African judge of the Supreme Court of Appeal. Before joining the Supreme Court, she was a judge of the Free State High Court from March 2008 until June 2016. She is also a judge in the Military Court of Appeal and the primary South African liaison judge to the Hague Conference on Private International Law, and she was the president of the South African chapter of the International Association of Women Judges between 2010 and 2014. She began her legal career as a prosecutor and magistrate in the North West and Gauteng provinces.

Free State Division of the High Court of South Africa
The Free State Division of the High Court of South Africa (previously named the Orange Free State Provincial Division and the Free State High Court, and commonly known as the Bloemfontein High Court) is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the Free State province of South Africa. The division sits at Bloemfontein.
Hiroaki Uchikura
Hiroaki Uchikura (内倉 浩昭, Uchikura Hiroaki; born January 11, 1965) is a Japanese military general who serves as the incumbent Chief of Staff, Joint Staff of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. General Uchikura previously served as the Chief of the Air Staff of the JASDF, commander of the Air Defense Command, and as wing commander of the 5th Air Wing.

Born and raised from Tarumizu, Kagoshima, Uchikura served into various positions in the Air Self-Defense Force and later served as a fighter pilot flying the Mitsubishi F-15J. Uchikura later served into various administrative and staff positions within the Air Self Defense Force Staff Office and the Ministry of Defense, both being located in Ichigaya, Shinjuku, before being named in major positions such as being the commander of the Air Defense Command and later as the Chief of the Air Staff in March 2023.

Japan Air Self-Defense Force
The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 航空自衛隊, Hepburn: Kōkū Jieitai), JASDF (空自, Kūji), also referred to as the Japanese Air Force, is the air and space branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace, other air and space operations, cyberwarfare and electronic warfare. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining a network of ground and air early-warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has provided air transport in UN peacekeeping missions.

The JASDF had an estimated 49,913 personnel as of 2018, and as of 2023 operates about 712 aircraft, approximately 321 of them being fighter aircraft.

The service was to be renamed in 2027 to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (航空宇宙自衛隊, Kōkū Uchū Jieitai), in recognition of the increasing importance of the space domain. However, the schedule was then changed to 2026 in the 2026 defense budget.
Church of St James, Los Realejos
The Church of St James (Spanish: Parroquia Matriz del Apóstol Santiago) is a Roman Catholic parish church located in the town of  Los Realejos, Tenerife, Spain. Founded in 1496, it was declared a national monument of Spain by Royal decree of Spain 598 (February 2, 1983) (B.O.E. N.º 69).  It is dedicated to Saint James the Great, the patron saint of Spain.

James the Great
James the Great (Koine Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Classical Syriac: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died c. 44) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was the second of the apostles to die, after Judas Iscariot, and the first to be martyred. Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed to be his remains are held in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain.

He is also known as James, son of Zebedee, James, brother of John, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, St. James Son of Thunder, St. James the Major, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob, James the Apostle or Santiago.
Valeriy Pysarenko
Valeriy Volodimirovich Pysarenko (Ukrainian: Валерій Володимирович Писаренко; born July 8, 1980, Nova Kakhovka, Kherson region, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian politician, nonpartisan, who was a People's Deputy of Ukraine of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Convocations from 2006 until 2019. He is an Honored Lawyer of Ukraine and candidate of Juridical Sciences. In 2006 and 2007 he was elected to parliament as a candidate of Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko. Since then he has been an independent candidate.

In October 2016 he was elected as Vice-Chairman of the Bureau of the Group of Experts on Renewable Energy and Vice-Chairman of the Bureau of the Group of Experts on Energy Efficiency of the Committee on Sustainable Energy of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in 1947 in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states.

The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States and Uzbekistan.
Brian Harold Thomson
Colonel Brian Harold Thomson (21 November 1918 – 7 November 2006) was a newspaper proprietor of D. C. Thomson & Co. and soldier in the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry. He was widely known as "Mr Brian" within D. C. Thomson & Co. and throughout the business community of Dundee.

Fife and Forfar Yeomanry
The Fife and Forfar Yeomanry (FFY) was an Armoured Yeomanry Regiment of the British Army formed in 1793. It saw action in the Second Boer War, the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the Scottish Horse to form the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse in 1956. The lineage is maintained by "C" Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse Squadron of The Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry based in Cupar in Fife.
Tom Tobiassen
Tom Tobiassen (November 21, 1931 – April 8, 2010) was an American politician. He served as a member for the 1st and 3rd district of the Florida House of Representatives. He also served as a member for the 2nd district of the Florida Senate.

Florida's 1st House of Representatives district
Florida's 1st House district elects one member of the Florida House of Representatives. The district is represented by Michelle Salzman. This district is located in the Florida Panhandle and encompasses part of the Pensacola metropolitan area. The district covers the northern portion of Escambia County. The largest city in the district is Ferry Pass. As of the 2010 Census, the district's population is 156,030.

This district contains the University of West Florida, located in Ferry Pass.

Bolley Johnson served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives from 1992 until 1994.
Eric Edwards Jr.
Eric Edwards Jr. (born January 3, 2000) is an American hurdler specializing in the 110 metres hurdles. He was the only athlete in Pan American U20 Championships history to win twice in the 110 m hurdles, at the 2017 and 2019 editions. At the 2022 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships, Edwards finished 2nd in a time of 13.15 seconds, the fifth-fastest time in American collegiate history.

2019 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships
The 2019 Pan American U20 Athletics Championships is the 20th edition of the biennial track and field competition for under-20 athletes from the Americas, organised by the Association of Panamerican Athletics. It is held in San José, Costa Rica, from 19 to 21 July 2019.
Décoration for the Yellow House
Décoration for the Yellow House was the main project Vincent van Gogh focused on in Arles, from August 1888 until his breakdown the day before Christmas. This Décoration had no pre-defined form or size; the central idea of the Décoration grew step by step, with the progress of his work. Starting with the Sunflowers, portraits were included in the next step. Finally, mid-September 1888, the idea took shape: from this time on he concentrated on size 30 canvases (Toiles de 30), which were all meant to form part of this Décoration.

The Roulin Family
The Roulin Family is a group of portrait paintings Vincent van Gogh executed in Arles in 1888 and 1889 of Joseph, his wife Augustine and their three children: Armand, Camille, and Marcelle.  This series is unique in many ways.  Although Van Gogh loved to paint portraits, it was difficult for financial and other reasons for him to find models.  So, finding an entire family that agreed to sit for paintings — in fact, for several sittings each — was a bounty.

Joseph Roulin became a particularly good loyal and supportive friend to Van Gogh during his stay in Arles. To represent a man he truly admired was important to him. The family, with children ranging in age from four months to seventeen years, also gave him the opportunity to produce works of individuals in several different stages of life.

Rather than making photographic-like works, Van Gogh used his imagination, colours, and themes artistically and creatively to evoke desired emotions from the audience.
South Carolina Highway 20
South Carolina Highway 20 (SC 20) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina.  The highway connects the cities of Abbeville, Belton, Williamston and Greenville. The 53-mile-long (85 km) highway is signed as a west-east highway though it physically runs south-to-north.

U.S. Route 178
U.S. Highway 178 (US 178) is a spur of U.S. Highway 78.  It currently runs for 240.49 miles (387.03 km) from Dorchester, South Carolina, at U.S. Highway 78 to Rosman, North Carolina, at U.S. Highway 64. It passes through the states of South Carolina and North Carolina.  It goes through the cities of Pickens, Anderson, North, Orangeburg, Harleyville, South Carolina and Bowman, South Carolina.