hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian frigate Oryol (1668)
Oryol (Russian: Орёл, eagle; also Orel) was a frigate that served in the Russian Navy. It was commissioned by Tsar Alexis I to protect Russian trading ships on the Caspian Sea and became the first Russian-built warship. The ship was built between 1667 and 1669 by the developing shipyard in Dedinovo on the Oka River. Although Oryol was captured and burned in 1670, it has achieved lasting importance as a symbol of the birth of Russian naval power.

Oryol is often considered the first Russian sailing ship of Western European type, even though Frederick (or Friedrich) was built in 1636 in Nizhny Novgorod. However, Frederick sailed in the service of Holstein-Gottorp, not Russia, having been constructed as a joint venture using Russian labor and materials, but Holstein funds and expertise.

Alexis of Russia
Alexei Mikhailovich (Russian: Алексей Михайлович, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ]; 19 March [O.S. 9 March] 1629 – 8 February [O.S. 29 January] 1676), also known as Alexis, was Tsar of all Russia from 1645 until his death in 1676. He was the second Russian tsar from the House of Romanov.

He was the first tsar to sign laws on his own authority and his council passed the Sobornoye Ulozheniye of 1649, which strengthened the bonds between autocracy and the lower nobility. In religious matters, he sided closely with Patriarch Nikon during the schism in the Russian Orthodox Church which saw unpopular liturgical reforms.

While finding success in foreign affairs, his reign saw several wars with Iran, Poland (from whom left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk were annexed) and Sweden, as well as internal instabilities such as the Salt Riot in Moscow and the Cossack revolt of Stenka Razin in southern Russia. At the time of his death, Russia spanned almost 8.1 million km2 (3.1 million sq mi).
Kfar Yona
Kfar Yona (Hebrew: כפר יונה, lit. 'Yona's Village') is a city in the Central District of Israel. It is located between the cities Netanya and Tulkarm in the West Bank, about 8 km east of Netanya in the central junction between Highway 6  and Highway 4. The village was established in 1932 by Maurice Fischer and was declared a local council in the year 1940. Following developments in the fields of construction, industry, and education, the local council received city status on February 11, 2014. With a jurisdiction of 11,550 dunams (~11.55 km2), in 2023 the city had a population of 29,548.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
Cyperus
Cyperus is a large genus of about 700 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions.

The word comes from the ancient Greek κύπερος (kúperos), which meant one or several species of this genus. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges, galingales, and zozoro (from Malagasy).

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus, better known by the common names papyrus sedge, papyrus, paper reed, Indian matting plant, or Nile grass, is a species of aquatic flowering plant belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae. It is a tender herbaceous perennial, forming tall stands of reed-like swamp vegetation in shallow water.

In nature, it grows in full sun, in flooded swamps, and on lake margins throughout Africa (where it is native), Madagascar, and the Mediterranean region. It has been introduced to tropical regions worldwide, such as the Indian subcontinent, South America, and the Caribbean.

Along with its close relatives, papyrus sedge has a very long history of use by humans, notably by the Ancient Egyptians (as it is the source of papyrus paper, one of the first types of paper ever made). Parts of the plant can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats. It is now often cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly
Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is an important judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report.

Public Protector
The Public Protector in South Africa is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy.

According to Section 181 of the Constitution:

These institutions are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law. According to the Constitution, they must be impartial and must exercise their powers and perform their functions without fear, favour or prejudice.

Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect these institutions to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of these institutions.

No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of these institutions.

These institutions are accountable to the National Assembly, and must report on their activities and the performance of their functions to the Assembly at least once a year.
Adad-guppi
Adad-guppi /ˈædəˌɡɒpi/ (Neo-Babylonian Akkadian: 𒊩𒀭𒅎𒄖𒌒𒉿𒀪, romanized: Adad-gûppîʾ; c. 648-544 BC), also known as Addagoppe, was a devotee of the moon god Sîn in the northern Assyrian city of Harran, and the mother of King Nabonidus (ruled 556–539 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

Lunar deity
A lunar deity or moon deity  is a deity who represents the Moon, or an aspect of it. These deities can have a variety of functions and traditions depending upon the culture, but they are often related. Lunar deities and Moon worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms.
Crataegus ellwangeriana
Crataegus ellwangeriana is a named hawthorn species that has been poorly understood and often misidentified. It is now considered to be a synonym of C. coccinea var. coccinea. A study concluded, that C. pennsylvanica of series Molles has frequently been misidentified as C. ellwangeriana.

Crataegus ser. Molles
Series Molles is a series within the genus Crataegus that contains at least six species of hawthorn trees and shrubs, native to Eastern North America. Some of the species are cultivated as ornamental plants. They have relatively large leaves, large flowers, and bloom early for hawthorns. The plant parts are usually hairy, particularly in early growth, and the fruit are generally red (sometimes yellow) and are large for hawthorn fruit (up to 2.5 cm diameter in some species).
Natural American Spirit
Natural American Spirit, often referred to simply as American Spirit, is an American brand of cigarettes and other tobacco products.  It is manufactured by the Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company, a subsidiary of Reynolds American which itself is owned by British American Tobacco.  Outside of the United States it is marketed by Japan Tobacco.

British American Tobacco
British American Tobacco p.l.c. (BAT) is a British multinational company that manufactures and sells cigarettes, tobacco and other nicotine products including electronic cigarettes. The company, established in 1902, is headquartered in London, England. As of 2025, it is the second-largest tobacco company in the world based on net sales.

BAT has operations in around 180 countries and its cigarette brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike, Pall Mall and Rothmans. Its brands also include Vuse e-cigarettes, Glo heated tobacco, and Velo nicotine pouches.

BAT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. BAT plc ordinary shares are also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares.
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor
Phyllis Reynolds Naylor (born January 4, 1933) is an American writer best known for children's and young adult fiction. Naylor is best known for her children's-novel quartet Shiloh (a 1992 Newbery Medal winner) and for her "Alice" book series, one of the most frequently challenged books of the early 21st Century.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Kettle River (Blueberry River tributary)
The Kettle River, also known as Kettle Creek, is a tributary of the Blueberry River, 17 miles (28 km) long, in north-central Minnesota in the United States.  Via the Blueberry, Shell, and Crow Wing Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining a rural area.

The Blueberry River rises approximately one mile (2 km) south of Wolf Lake in Spruce Grove Township in southeastern Becker County and flows generally eastwardly through Runeberg Township into northwestern Wadena County.  It flows into the Blueberry River in Blueberry Township, approximately two miles (3 km) west of Menahga.  The Kettle River flows in the Northern Lakes and Forests ecoregion, which is characterized by conifer and hardwood forests on flat and rolling till plains and outwash plains.

Crow Wing River
The Crow Wing River is a 113-mile-long (182 km) tributary of the Mississippi River in Minnesota, United States. The river rises at an elevation of about 1391 feet in a chain of 11 lakes in southern Hubbard County, Minnesota, and flows generally south, then east, entering the Mississippi at Crow Wing State Park northwest of Little Falls, Minnesota. Its name is a loose translation from the Ojibwe language Gaagaagiwigwani-ziibi ("Raven-feather River"). A wing-shaped island at its mouth accounts for the river's name. Because of its many campsites and its undeveloped shores, the Crow Wing River is considered one of the state's best "wilderness" routes for canoeists; although it is shallow (seldom more than 3 feet (0.91 m) deep), it is nearly always deep enough for canoeing.
Lynching at Włodowo
The lynching at Włodowo (Polish: Samosąd we Włodowie, Lincz we Włodowie) took place in a village of Włodowo in North-Eastern Poland on 1 July 2005. Local men killed a criminal Józef "Ciechanek" Ciechanowicz who was terrorizing the community.

Włodowo
Włodowo [vwɔˈdɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świątki, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-west of Świątki and 30 km (19 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Avengers (band)
The Avengers are an American punk rock band formed in 1977 in San Francisco. The band recorded an EP, We Are the One (1977) and, after opening for the Sex Pistols, worked with Steve Jones, but had not released an album before breaking up in 1979. After the breakup an EP with the Steve Jones-produced songs was released (The Avengers), and later an album, Avengers, in 1983. Their lead singer, Penelope Houston, is also a folk singer who has a solo career. Since 1999 a number of other albums were released with studio and live tracks, and the band has come together for various occasions.

Steve Jones (musician)
Stephen Philip Jones (born 3 September 1955) is an English guitarist, best known as a member of the punk band Sex Pistols. Following the split of the Sex Pistols, he formed the Professionals with former bandmate Paul Cook. He has released two solo albums, and worked with Johnny Thunders, Iggy Pop, Cheap Trick, Bob Dylan and Thin Lizzy.

In 1995, he formed the short-lived supergroup Neurotic Outsiders with members of Guns N' Roses and Duran Duran. He played with Suicidal Tendencies frontman Mike Muir's Cyco Miko, which is still an ongoing project. Jones was ranked No. 97 in Rolling Stone's 2015 list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".
Habits & Contradictions
Habits & Contradictions is the second studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q. It was released on January 14, 2012, exclusively on iTunes, by Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE). The album features guest appearances from ASAP Rocky, Jhené Aiko, Dom Kennedy, Currensy, Ab-Soul, Kendrick Lamar and Jay Rock. The production was handled by American producers The Alchemist, Lex Luger, Mike Will Made It, Best Kept Secret and ASAP Ty Beats, as well as members of Top Dawg Entertainment in-house production team Digi+Phonics.

Dom Kennedy
Dominic Ross Hunn (born August 22, 1984), better known by his stage name Dom Kennedy, is an American rapper. His fourth mixtape, From the Westside with Love (2010), was met with critical acclaim; its sequel, From the Westside with Love II (2011), served as his debut studio album and entered the Billboard 200. His second and third albums, Get Home Safely (2013) and By Dom Kennedy (2015), both peaked at number 23 on the chart and were met with continued praise.

Kennedy is also known for his guest appearance alongside Belly on Nipsey Hussle's 2019 song "Double Up", which entered the Billboard Hot 100. An independent artist, Kennedy's releases are distributed by his own label, the Other People's Money Company, or simply Other People's Money (OPM). His 2012 single, "My Type of Party" (featuring TeeFlii) was ranked by Complex magazine as among the 50 Best Songs of that year.
Andy Mitchell (footballer, born 1907)
Andrew Mitchell (born 20 April 1907 – 3 December 1971) was an English footballer who played as an outside forward. Born in Coxhoe, County Durham, he played for Ferryhill Athletic, Crook Town, Sunderland, Notts County, Darlington, Manchester United, Hull City, Northampton Town, Rossendale United and Great Harwood.

Ferryhill Athletic F.C.
Ferryhill Athletic Football Club is an association football club based in Ferryhill, County Durham, England. They are currently member of Wearside Football League, the eleventh tier of English football, and play at Dean Bank Recreation Ground.

The club was founded in 1921, and were the competitive opponent of Sunderland. They joined the Palatine League and defeated Evenwood Town 5–1 in their first ever league match and also won the Durham Amateur Cup after defeating Lambton Star in the finals. 
In 1923–24 they were elected to join Northern Football League and finished second in their inaugural league season and won Durham Challenge Cup.
Radja Nainggolan
Radja Nainggolan (born 4 May 1988) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Challenger Pro League club Patro Eisden.

Nicknamed Il Ninja, he spent almost his entire professional career in Italy, representing Piacenza, Cagliari, Roma and Inter Milan. He made 367 appearances and scored 48 goals in Serie A, being named four consecutive times in its Team of the Year.

A Belgium international for eight years, Nainggolan played 30 times for his country (scoring six goals) and represented it at Euro 2016.

Cagliari Calcio
Cagliari Calcio, commonly referred to as Cagliari (Italian: [ˈkaʎʎari] ⓘ), is a professional Italian football club based in Cagliari, Sardinia, that plays in Serie A, the first tier of Italian football. The club currently plays home matches at the 16,416-seat Unipol Domus.

Founded in 1920, they won their first and only Scudetto in 1969–70, when they were led by the Italian national team's all-time leading scorer, Gigi Riva. The triumph was also the first by a club from south of Rome. The club's best European performance was in the 1993–94 UEFA Cup, reaching the semi-finals before losing to eventual winners Internazionale.

As with the flag of its city, Cagliari's main colours are blue and red. The club badge incorporates the flag of Sardinia.
Oak Knoll, Pasadena, California
Oak Knoll is the southernmost neighborhood in Pasadena, California. It is bordered by Oak Knoll Circle to the north, Old Mill Road to the south, South Oak Knoll Avenue and South Oakland Avenue to the west, and the San Marino border (Kewen Drive and Encino Drive) to the east.

The eponymous knoll is a 150 ft-high ridge formed by the Raymond Fault.

An upscale neighborhood on rolling, oak-covered terrain, it was developed in 1905 by a corporate partnership between prominent Northeastern United States and California residents A. Kingsley Macomber, Henry E. Huntington and William R. Staats.  Huntington owned the Pacific Electric and built the Pasadena via Oak Knoll Line to serve the Wentworth Hotel (later Huntington Hotel, and now The Langham Huntington, Pasadena) and later the rest of the neighborhood.

Several listed properties, such as the Robert R. Blacker House, are located in the Oak Knoll neighborhood.

Robert R. Blacker House
The Robert Roe Blacker House, often referred to as the Blacker House or Robert R. Blacker House, is a residence in Pasadena, California, United States, which is now on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It was built in 1907 for Robert Roe Blacker and Nellie Canfield Blacker. It was designed by Henry and Charles Greene of the renowned Pasadena firm of Greene and Greene. This house was a lavish project for the Greene brothers, costing in excess of US$100,000.00 ($3.37 million today). Everything for the house was custom designed, down to the teak escutcheon plates of the upstairs mahogany panel doors to the linen closets with their ebony cloud adorned keys.
Her Dark Secret
Her Dark Secret (German: Ihr dunkler Punkt) is a 1929 German silent comedy film directed by Johannes Guter and starring Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch, and Harry Halm. The film reunited Harvey and Fritsch, who had previously appeared together in Chaste Susanne (1926), although this time, their characters become a couple at the end of the film. This provided a template for a number of popular films over the following decade, such as The Three from the Filling Station. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jacek Rotmil.

The Three from the Filling Station (1930 film)
The Three from the Filling Station (German: Die Drei von der Tankstelle) is a 1930 German musical film directed by Wilhelm Thiele and starring Lilian Harvey, Willy Fritsch, Heinz Rühmann, and Oskar Karlweis. Produced by Erich Pommer, the film was a major success for the UFA studio, outgrossing even The Blue Angel. Several songs composed by Werner R. Heymann and performed by the Comedian Harmonists have remained popular up to today. The film also had a heavy influence on Hollywood musicals during the 1930s.
Oude Rijn (Utrecht and South Holland)
The Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine") is a branch of the Rhine delta in the Dutch provinces of Utrecht and South Holland, starting west of Utrecht, at Harmelen, and running by a mechanical pumping station into the North Sea at Katwijk. Its present-day length is 52 kilometres.

In ancient times, it was the lower part of the main River Rhine, which forked at the Betuwe into a northern branch, the Rhine, and a southern branch, the Waal. The Oude Rijn was then much wider than it is now, and tidal. During the Roman occupation, the river formed part of the northern border of the Empire. In medieval times, the River Lek became the main outlet for the Rhine, and the Oude Rijn silted up. The river was still important as a drain for the surrounding lowlands, for the clay industry, and as a transport and trade route. Ships were towed by horse and human power, using a towpath along large sections of the river, many parts of which have since been upgraded to roads or cycle paths.

Waal (river)
The Waal (Dutch name, pronounced [ʋaːl] ⓘ) is the main distributary branch of the river Rhine flowing approximately 80 km (50 mi) through the Netherlands. It is the major waterway connecting the port of Rotterdam to Germany. Before it reaches Rotterdam, it joins with the Afgedamde Maas near Woudrichem to form the Boven Merwede. Along its length, Nijmegen, Tiel, Zaltbommel and Gorinchem are towns of importance with direct access to the river.

The river, which is the main channel in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta system, carries 65% of the total flow of the Rhine.
Yumna Maumoon
Yumna Maumoon (born 20 March 1970) is a Maldivian politician who served as Minister of Arts, Culture, and Heritage from 17 November 2018 to 17 November 2023 under the administration of Ibrahim Mohamed Solih.

Yumna is the younger daughter of president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who served as the president of the Maldives from 1978 to 2008. She also served as assistant director at National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research.

Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih (Dhivehi: އިބްރާހީމް މުޙައްމަދް ޞޯލިޙް; born 4 May 1964), popularly known as Ibu, is a Maldivian politician who served as the 7th President of the Maldives from 2018 to 2023. Solih was a parliamentarian for 15 years, he represented the Hinnavaru constituency and the Lhaviyani Atoll constituency during his tenure. He played a significant role in the democratic reforms of the Maldives and led the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) to victory in the 2018 presidential election. Solih was elected president on 23 September 2018 after winning the 2018 presidential election as the candidate for the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP). His presidency focused on democratic governance, environmental sustainability, and strengthening international relations.
9th Missouri Infantry Regiment
The 9th Missouri Infantry Regiment (originally Clark's Missouri Infantry) was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.  The unit was formed on November 16, 1862, and was originally commanded by Colonel John Bullock Clark Jr.  At the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, 1862, the regiment was officially in Brigadier General John S. Roane's brigade, although it served with Brigadier General Mosby M. Parsons' brigade for most of the battle.  After spending the summer of 1863 harassing Union Navy shipping on the Mississippi River, the regiment was reorganized, with elements of an Arkansas unit being replaced with the 8th Missouri Infantry Battalion.  After the reorganization, the regiment fought in the Battle of Pleasant Hill and the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry in April 1864.  On June 7, 1865, the men of the regiment were paroled; they would eventually be sent back to Missouri via steamboat.

Mosby Monroe Parsons
Brigadier-General Mosby Monroe Parsons (May 21, 1822 – August 15, 1865) was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War. Parsons was murdered by Captain Dario Garza, at the head of a body of Mexican soldiers, on or about August 15, 1865, near China, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Manuel Fernández Silvestre
Manuel Fernández Silvestre (December 16, 1871 – July 22, 1921) was a Spanish general.

Manuel Fernández Silvestre was the son of a lieutenant colonel of artillery, Victor Fernández and Eleuteria Silvestre. In 1889, he enrolled in the Toledo Infantry Academy, where he met with the future high commissioner of Spanish Morocco, Dámaso Berenguer. He served as commander of the Spanish enclaves in Morocco: Ceuta from 1919 to 1920 and of Melilla from 1920 to 1921. Afterward he commanded all Spanish armies in Africa during the opening phase of the Rif War in which his forces suffered a massive and disastrous defeat at Annual. With the battle lost, Silvestre was either killed or committed suicide on July 22, 1921. This is considered one of the worst defeats ever suffered by the contemporary Spanish Army.

High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.

The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages.