hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arif Çetin
Arif Çetin (born 1959) is a Turkish retired general who served as the 48th commander of the Gendarmerie General Command from 2017 until his retirement in 2024. He served in this position for over seven years, making him the longest-serving commander in the modern history of the Gendarmerie Force.

Gendarmerie General Command
The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national gendarmerie force of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of the General Directorate of Security (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. 
The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuk Empire.
Lerret
A lerret is a type of rowing boat designed for use off the Chesil Beach in Dorset.  It is of wooden, clinker construction and varied in size, depending on the number of oars – the largest would have up to eight.   It was primarily used for fishing but, in emergencies, lerrets would be used as lifeboats.

Clinker (boat building)
Clinker-built, also known as lapstrake-built, is a method of boat building in which the edges of longitudinal (lengthwise-running) hull planks overlap each other.

The technique originated in Northern Europe, with the first known examples using metal fastenings that join overlapped planks in c. 310-320 AD. It was employed by the Anglo-Saxons, Frisians, and Scandinavians in the early middle ages, and later in the Basque shipbuilding region where the Newport medieval ship was built. It was also used in cogs, the other major ship construction type found in Northern Europe in the latter part of the medieval period.

UNESCO named the Nordic clinker boat tradition to its List of Intangible Cultural Heritage on December 14, 2021, in the first approval of a joint Nordic application.
Montréalone
Montréalone (synonyms: montrealone, phospha-münchnone) is a mesoionic heterocyclic chemical compound. It is named for the city of Montréal, Canada, which is the location of McGill University, where it was first discovered.

Heterocyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a hydrocarbon-based cyclic compound that contains at least one heteroatom as member(s) of its ring(s). Heterocyclic organic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of organic heterocycles.

Examples of heterocyclic compounds include all of the nucleic acids, the majority of drugs, most biomass (cellulose and related materials), and many natural and synthetic dyes.  More than half of known compounds are heterocycles.  59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles.
Pullen Park
Pullen Park is a 66.4-acre (0.27 km2) public park immediately west of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina. It is located on Ashe Avenue and is adjacent to the Main and Centennial campuses of North Carolina State University, covering an area between Western Boulevard and historic Hillsborough Street. Founded in 1887, Pullen Park is the oldest public park in North Carolina.

The park features picnic areas, a concessions stand along with several small rides including the Pullen Park Carousel, train, and kiddie boats. Pedal boats are also available for rent seasonally on the park's small lake. The Pullen Aquatic Center, Pullen Arts Center and Theatre in the Park are also located on the park grounds. It is one of the most famous and well-known parks in the Research Triangle region.

The East Coast Greenway, a 3,000 mile long system of trails connecting Maine to Florida, runs through Pullen Park.

Ridable miniature railway
A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by diesel or petrol engines, live steam or electric motors).
Palla (troubadour)
Palla was a Galician-Portuguese troubadour or minstrel from Santiago de Compostela, active at the court of Alfonso VII of León in the mid-twelfth century.

Palla is described in contemporary documentation as a iuglar (cognate with "juggler", but signifying jongleur). He was at Alfonso's court at Burgos on 24 April 1136 and again at Toledo on 9 December 1151.

Minstrel
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. The term originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments.
8th Mixed Brigade
The 8th Mixed Brigade (Spanish: 8.ª Brigada Mixta) was a mixed brigade of the Spanish Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. It was formed at the beginning of the Defence of Madrid in early spring 1937 with battalions of the Carabineros corps and it remained in Madrid all along the war. Its first commander was Carabineros Lt. Colonel Enrique del Castillo Bravo who was succeeded by Carabineros Commanders Emeterio Jarillo Orgaz and José Casted Sena.

This unit should not be confused with the 8th Santander Brigade or 8th Mixed Brigade of the Santander Army Corps (Cuerpo del Ejército de Santander) led by Militia Major Juan Egea Jiménez, which later became the 169th Mixed Brigade.

Siege of Madrid
The siege of Madrid was a two-and-a-half-year siege of the Republican-controlled Spanish capital city of Madrid by the Nationalist armies, under General Francisco Franco, during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). The city, besieged from October 1936, fell to the Nationalist armies on 28 March 1939. The Battle of Madrid in November 1936 saw the most intense fighting in and around the city when the Nationalists made their most determined attempt to take the Republican capital.

The highest military awards of the Spanish Republic, the Laureate Plate of Madrid (Spanish: Placa Laureada de Madrid), and the Madrid Distinction (Spanish: Distintivo de Madrid), established by the Republican government to reward courage, were named after the capital of Spain because the city symbolised valour and Republican resistance during the long siege throughout the war.
2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.

Hamar Municipality
Hamar Municipality (Norwegian: Hamar kommune; [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ) is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Hamar. Other settlements in Hamar include Hjellum, Slemsrud, Ridabu, Ingeberg, and Ilseng.

The 351-square-kilometre (136 sq mi) municipality is the 250th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hamar Municipality is the 31st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 33,441. The municipality's population density is 95.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (247/sq mi) and its population has increased by 11.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Among the municipality's responsibilities of local government, it also runs nine primary and three lower secondary schools, with a combined 3,115 pupils. The municipality also owns the power company Hamar Energi, and the sports venues Briskeby Arena, Vikingskipet, and Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre.
Santa Cruz de Abranes
Santa Cruz de Abranes (Santa Cruz d'Abranes in the vernacular Leonese language)  is a Spanish village in the municipality of Pedralba de la Pradería (Zamora, Castile and León) and is situated on the Spanish-Portuguese border.

The village belonged to Portugal until the eighteenth century, and it now belongs to the comarca of Senabria. The village is located within the protected natural space of  Sierra de la Culebra.

Leonese language
Leonese (llionés, ḷḷionés, lionés) is a set of vernacular Romance language varieties spoken in northern and western portions of the historical region of León in Spain (the modern provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca), the village of Riudenore (in both Spain and Portugal) and Guadramil in Portugal, sometimes considered another language.  In the past, it was spoken in a wider area, including most of the historical region of Leon. The current number of Leonese speakers is estimated at 20,000 to 50,000. Spanish is now the predominant language in the area.

Leonese forms part of the Asturleonese linguistic group along with dialects of Asturian. The division between Asturian and Leonese is extra-linguistic, as the main divisions within the Asturleonese complex are between eastern and western varieties, rather than between varieties spoken in Asturias and Leon.
Vũ Như Thành
Vũ Như Thành (born 28 August 1981) Vietnamese football coach and former professional player who is currently the head coach of V.League 2 club Phú Thọ.

He was a member of the Vietnam team that won the 2008 AFF Championship.

2008 AFF Championship
The 2008 AFF Championship was the seventh edition of the tournament. It was primarily sponsored by Suzuki and therefore officially known as the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup. The group stage was held in Indonesia and Thailand from 5 to 10 December 2008. Two-legged home-and-away semi-finals and finals were held between 16 and 28 December 2008 in Singapore and Vietnam.

Singapore were the two-time defending champions, but were eliminated by Vietnam in the semi-finals. Vietnam, managed by Portuguese Henrique Calisto, won the tournament by a 3–2 victory in the two-legged final against Thailand to win their first title. In 2008, this was rank 7th of the top ten greatest football events in Asia by Goal.com.
Take My Breath Away
"Take My Breath Away" is a song written by Giorgio Moroder and Tom Whitlock for the 1986 film Top Gun's soundtrack, performed by American new wave band Berlin and included on their album Count Three & Pray. The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 59th Academy Awards, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 44th Golden Globe Awards in 1986.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Ana Victoria Jiménez
Ana Victoria Jiménez (August 31, 1941 – November 23, 2025) was a Mexican photographer, editor and feminist activist, who actively participated in the second wave of Mexico's feminist movement. She was best known for her archive, Archivo Ana Victoria Jiménez, which contains photographs, posters, and flyers that demonstrated or related to women activism in Mexico.

Mónica Mayer
Mónica Mayer (born 1954) is a feminist Mexican artist, activist, and art critic whose work includes performance, digital graphics, drawing, photography and art theory.  As a conceptual artist, curator, art critic and art theorist she has been engaged in various forums and groups, and has organized workshops and collective movements. From 1988 to 2008, she was a columnist for Mexican newspaper, El Universal. She continues writing for various blogs.

Since the start of her career, Mayer has expressed disagreement with traditional definitions of art. Her restless spirit, criticism, and sense of humor can be seen throughout her work. Over the years, she has developed an important focus not only on her performances, drawings, and interventions, but also in her artistic contribution through writing, teaching, archiving, and active participation in the community.
My Queen
My Queen (Chinese: 敗犬女王; pinyin: Bài Quǎn Nǚwáng), also known as Defeated Queen or Queen of No Marriage, is a 2009 Taiwanese romantic-comedy television series. The television drama was produced by Sanlih E-Television starring Ethan Juan and Cheryl Yang. It was first aired on January 4, 2009 on TTV after Invincible Shan Bao Mei and last aired on May 31, 2009.

Sanlih E-Television
Sanlih Entertainment Television or Sanlih E-Television (SET; Chinese: 三立電視) is a Taiwanese nationwide cable TV network founded in May 1993. It also produces Taiwanese drama that are broadcast on free-to-air channels like Taiwan Television (TTV).

In terms of political orientation, Sanlih leans heavily towards the Pan-Green Coalition.
1895 Iowa Senate election
In the 1895 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the twenty-sixth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 31 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

A statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the 1895 elections is provided by the Iowa General Assembly here.

The general election took place on November 5, 1895.

Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 34 seats to Democrats' 16 seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 10 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1895 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 43 seats and Democrats having 7 seats (a net gain of 9 seats for Republicans).

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Tyun (Armenian letter)
Tyun, Tyown, or Tiwn (majuscule: Տ; minuscule: տ; Armenian: տյուն; Classical Armenian: տիւն) is the thirty-first letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ in Eastern Armenian and the voiced alveolar plosive /d/ in Western Armenian. It is typically romanized with the letter T (or D, depending on the dialect). Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 4000. The uppercase Տ is similar to the Latin uppercase S, whilst the lowercase տ is like a ligature of the lowercase u and n.

Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right.
Jean-Baptiste Olivier
Jean-Baptiste Olivier (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ batist ɔlivje]; 25 December 1765 – 27 September 1813) enlisted in the French Royal Army as foot soldier in 1781. During the French Revolutionary Wars he was promoted general of brigade, fighting at Kaiserslautern, Fleurus, and Neuwied. He famously observed the action at Fleurus from a hot air balloon. In 1799 he transferred to the Army of Naples as a general of division. He fought at the Trebbia where he was severely wounded, losing a leg. During the Napoleonic Wars he held military commands in the interior and was appointed Baron of the Empire and Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur. He died in 1813. Olivier is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

Battle of Fleurus (1794)
The Battle of Fleurus was fought on 26 June 1794 during the War of the First Coalition between the French Revolutionary Army under Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and an Austro-Dutch army commanded by Prince Josias of Coburg. In what was the most significant battle of the Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition, Jourdan's army was able to concentrate its forces and defeat Coburg and his troops. The Allied defeat led to the permanent loss of the Austrian Netherlands and to the dissolution of the Dutch Republic. The battle marked a turning point for the French army, which remained ascendant for the rest of the War of the First Coalition.
Yisroel Avrohom Portugal
Rabbi Yisroel Avrohom Portugal (or Israel Abraham Portugal) (June 2, 1923 –  April 1, 2019) son of Rabbi Eliezer Zusia, was the Rebbe (Grand Rabbi) of Skulen in Brooklyn, New York. He was the last Holocaust era Rebbe to lead a Hasidic dynasty.

Rebbe
A rebbe (Yiddish: רבי, romanized: rebe) or admor (Hebrew: אדמו״ר) is the spiritual leader in the Hasidic movement, and the personalities  of its dynasties. The titles of rebbe and admor, which used to be a general honorific even before the beginning of the movement, became, over time, almost exclusively identified with its Tzadikim.
Konni Assembly constituency
Konni State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, the current MLA is K. U. Jenish Kumar of CPI(M).

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Johnston's Creek Sewer Aqueduct
Johnston's Creek Sewer Aqueduct is a heritage-listed sewage aqueduct located in Hogan Park, off Taylor Street, Annandale, Inner West Council, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by William Julius Baltzer, an engineer in the NSW Public Works Department, and built by the Department in 1897. The property is owned by Sydney Water. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 18 November 1999.

NSW Public Works
NSW Public Works (or New South Wales Public Works) is a statutory agency of the Government of New South Wales that is responsible for providing expert advice to government and professional services, as well as government agency clients in New South Wales, Australia.

The agency manages a range of large and small projects and facilities contracts with an annual value of more than A$1 billion. It merged with Property NSW to form a new Property and Advisory Group of the New South Wales Public Works Advisory in July 2016.

The agency was led by Deputy Director-General, presently Brian Baker, who reported to the Director General of the Department of Finance, Services and Innovation, most recently Martin Hoffman, who reported to the Minister for Finance, Services and Property, most recently Victor Dominello MP.

NSW Public Works is an active agency as of 2024
History of Lahore
The recorded history of Lahore (Punjabi: لہور دی تریخ (Shahmukhi); romanized: Làhaur dī tàrīk͟h) refers to the past history of the city of Lahore, the post-medieval cultural and political hub of the Punjab region. Today, the city is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is primarily inhabited by the native ethnic Punjabis. Throughout its recorded history, it has changed hands from many foreign to native states and empires such as the Indo-Greeks, Kushans, Guptas, Alchon Huns, Takkas, Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate, Surs, Mughals, Durranis, Misls, Sikh Empire and the British, thereby becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan.

Sur Empire
The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was founded by Sher Shah Suri.

The Sur dynasty held control of nearly all the Mughal Empire territories along the Indo-Gangetic Plain, from eastern Balochistan in the west of Indus River to modern-day Rakhine, Myanmar in the east. Even as Sher Shah Suri consolidated his power over North India, Eastern India was still considered to be the seat of Sur power in India. This is demonstrated by the fact that 8 of the 16 silver mint cities he established were in the region between Chunar and Fathabad.
Ice cauldron
Ice cauldrons are ice formations within glaciers that cover some subglacial volcanoes. They can have circular to oblong forms. Their surface areas reach from some meters (as indentations or holes in the ice) to up to 1 or more kilometers (as bowl shaped depressions).

Their existence is connected to ice-volcano interaction in two possible ways: They can be formed in the course of a subglacial eruption or on top of a continuously active subglacial high temperature geothermal area.

In both cases, a jökulhlaup may be produced in connection with them.

Subglacial eruption
Subglacial eruptions, those of ice-covered volcanoes, result in the interaction of magma with ice and snow, leading to meltwater formation, jökulhlaups, and lahars. Flooding associated with meltwater is a significant hazard in some volcanic areas, including Iceland, Alaska, and parts of the Andes. Jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods) have been identified as the most frequently occurring volcanic hazard in Iceland, with major events where peak discharges of meltwater can reach 10,000 – 100,000 m3/s occurring when there are large eruptions beneath glaciers.
It is important to explore volcano-ice interactions to improve the effectiveness of monitoring these events and to undertake hazard assessments. This is particularly relevant given that subglacial eruptions have demonstrated their ability to cause widespread impact, with the ash cloud associated with Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010 resulting in significant impacts to aviation across Europe.