hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Gaza Tribunal
The Gaza Tribunal was a non-governmental tribunal and public inquiry in London which sought to bring together evidence of the alleged complicity of the United Kingdom in what its organisers regarded as Israeli war crimes amounting to genocide during the Gaza war. Held on 4 and 5 September 2025 in Church House, Westminster, it was hosted by Jeremy Corbyn's Peace & Justice Project and two British-based academics. It was attended by doctors and surgeons who had attended patients in Gaza such as Nick Maynard, plus Palestinian journalists, lawmakers and campaigners, as well as United Nations special rapporteur on human rights Francesca Albanese.

Peace & Justice Project
Peace & Justice Project Ltd (PJP) is a left-wing British organisation founded on 13 October 2020 by the former leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn. Its current directors are Corbyn and Pamela Fitzpatrick.
Erebuni Fortress
Erebuni Fortress (Armenian: Էրեբունի ամրոց, romanized: Erebuni amrots') is an Urartian fortified city, located in Yerevan, Armenia. It is 1,017 metres (3,337 ft) above sea level. It was one of several fortresses built along the northern Urartian border and was one of the most important political, economic and cultural centers of the vast kingdom. The name Yerevan itself is derived from Erebuni.

Teishebaini
Teishebaini (also Teshebani, modern Karmir Blur (Armenian: Կարմիր Բլուր) referring more to the hill that the fortress is located upon) was the capital of the Transcaucasian provinces of the ancient kingdom of Urartu. It is located near the modern city of Yerevan in Armenia. The site was once a fortress and governmental centre with towered and buttressed perimeter walls, massive gates, a parade ground within its walls, and storage rooms that entirely occupied the ground floor. The site of the city, palace and citadel together measure over 0.45 km2 (110 acres). The name Karmir Blur translates to "Red Hill" because of the hill's reddish hue. It became this color after the city was burned and the upper walls which were made of mudbricks fell and crumbled by the fire. 
Teishebaini is situated at a height of 901 metres (2,956 ft).
Tracklib
Tracklib is a Swedish music service that allows producers to sample original music and clear the samples for official use. The platform was founded with the aim to solve legal and ethical issues surrounding sampling and music clearances. The platform has been previously used to sample and clear tracks for commercial releases by J. Cole, Lil Wayne, DJ Khaled, Mary J Blige, Brockhampton, A-Reece among others.

Splice (platform)
Splice is a cloud-based music creation platform founded by Matt Aimonetti and Steve Martocci which includes a sample library, audio plug-ins on a subscription basis, and integration with several digital audio workstations (DAWs).  The program is available for MacOS, Windows, iOS and Android.
Araucaria mirabilis
Araucaria mirabilis is an extinct species of coniferous tree from Patagonia, Argentina. It belongs to the genus Araucaria.

A. mirabilis are known from large amounts of very well preserved silicified wood and cones from the Cerro Cuadrado Petrified Forest, including tree trunks that reached 100 m (330 ft) in height in life. The site was buried by a volcanic eruption during the Middle Jurassic, approximately 160 million years ago.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Benjamin Busch
Benjamin B. Busch is an American actor, writer, film maker, photographer, and United States Marine Corps Reserve officer. He is best known for his portrayal of Anthony Colicchio on the HBO original series The Wire.

United States Marine Corps Reserve
The Marine Forces Reserve (MARFORRES or MFR), also known as the United States Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) and the U.S. Marine Corps Forces Reserve, is the reserve force of the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Corps Reserve is an expeditionary, warfighting organization and primarily designed to augment and reinforce the active duty units of the Marine Corps in their expeditionary role. It is the largest command, by assigned personnel, in the U.S. Marine Corps.

Marines in the Reserve go through the same training and work in the same Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) as their active-duty counterparts. The United States Marine Corps Reserve was established when Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act of 29 August 1916, and is responsible for providing trained units and qualified individuals to be mobilized for active duty in time of war, national emergency, or contingency operations.
Tonći Pirija
Tonći Pirija (born March 13, 1980) is a Croatian retired footballer.

Throughout his career Pirija managed to play in his country's highest tier with prominent clubs as HNK Hajduk Split, and HNK Šibenik. He had several stints abroad in the highest tiers in Greece, Slovenia, Kazakhstan, and Canada. His most notable stint abroad was in the Canadian Soccer League with Toronto Croatia with whom he achieved two CSL Championships, and a First Division title.

Pirija also played at the international level with the Croatian U20, U19, and U17 national teams.

Canadian Soccer League championship final
The Canadian Soccer League championship final, or CSL Championship, is the post-season match of the Canadian Soccer League (CSL) and is the successor to the CNSL Championship. The winner is crowned champion as in other North American sports leagues (i.e. via a playoff following a regular season). This differs from other top soccer leagues, which consider the club with the most points at the end of the season to be the sole champion. It is a Non-FIFA championship match that was previously sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association (CSA) but is now affiliated with the Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).

The league hosted its inaugural championship on October 14, 1998. The CSL Championship is traditionally held in early October. Toronto Croatia is the most successful team, winning a record sixth cup in 2015.

Throughout its history, the championship has had several title sponsors, from the Primus Cup in 2000, the Rogers Cup from 2001 to 2009, and the Givova Cup from 2010 onwards.
Jean Raspail
Jean Paul Raspail (French: [ʒɑ̃ ʁaspaj]; 5 July 1925 – 13 June 2020) was a French explorer, novelist and travel writer. He was a recipient of the prestigious French literary awards Grand Prix du Roman and Grand Prix de littérature by the Académie Française. The French government honoured him in 2003 by appointing him to the Legion of Honour, with the grade of Officer.  Although the majority of his books are travelogues or novels about historical figures, exploration and indigenous peoples, internationally, he is best known for his controversial 1973 novel The Camp of the Saints, which is about mass third-world immigration to Europe.

Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
The Grand Prix du roman is a French literary award, created in 1914, and given each year by the Académie Française. Along with the Prix Goncourt, the award is one of the oldest and most prestigious literary awards in France. The Académie Française gives out over 60 literary awards each year, and the Grand Prix du roman is the most senior for an individual novel.
Nominal TAM
Nominal TAM is the indication of tense–aspect–mood by inflecting a noun, rather than a verb. In clausal nominal TAM, the noun indicates TAM information about the clause (as opposed to the noun phrase).

Whether or not a particular language can best be understood as having clausal nominal TAM can be controversial, and there are various borderline cases. A language that can indicate tense by attaching a verbal clitic to a noun (such as the -'ll clitic in English) is not generally regarded as using nominal TAM.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").
Wilfrid Bourne
Sir John Wilfrid Bourne KCB QC (27 January 1922 – 19 October 1999), known as Sir Wilfrid Bourne, was a British lawyer and civil servant who held the position of Permanent Secretary to the Lord Chancellor's Office from 1977 to 1982.

Permanent Secretary to the Lord Chancellor's Office
The Permanent Secretary to the Lord Chancellor's Department was the most senior civil servant in the Lord Chancellor's Department and a senior member of Her Majesty's Civil Service. Officially titled Her Majesty's Permanent Under-Secretary of State to the Lord Chancellor's Department (although the full title was rarely used) the Permanent Secretary oversaw the day-to-day running of the Department. The position ceased to exist in 2003 when the Lord Chancellor's Department was subsumed into the newly created Department for Constitutional Affairs, which became the Ministry of Justice in 2007. Despite existing for 118 years the position was held by only nine individuals, most notably Claud Schuster who served as Permanent Secretary for 29 years under 10 different Lord Chancellors.
Pamela Neville-Sington
Pamela A. Neville-Sington (née Neville; March 30, 1959 – March 1, 2017) was an American literary biographer and authority on the life and works of Fanny Trollope, Anthony Trollope, and Robert Browning.

Frances Milton Trollope
Frances Milton Trollope, also known as Fanny Trollope (10 March 1779 – 6 October 1863), was an English novelist who wrote as Mrs. Trollope or Mrs. Frances Trollope. Her book, Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832), observations from a trip to the United States, is the best known.

She also wrote social novels: one against slavery is said to have influenced Harriet Beecher Stowe, and she also wrote the first industrial novel, and two anti-Catholic novels, which used a Protestant position to examine self-making.

Some recent scholars note that modernist critics have omitted women writers such as Frances Trollope. In 1839, The New Monthly Magazine claimed, "No other author of the present day has been at once so read, so much admired, and so much abused".

Two of her sons, Thomas Adolphus and Anthony, became writers, as did her daughter-in-law Frances Eleanor Trollope (née Ternan), second wife of Thomas Adolphus Trollope.
Rodrigo
Rodrigo (/rɒˈdriːɡɔː/) is a Spanish and Portuguese name derived from the Germanic name Roderick (Gothic *Hroþareiks, via Latinized Rodericus or Rudericus), given specifically in reference to either  King Roderic (d. 712),  the last Visigothic ruler or to Saint Roderick (d. 857), one of the Martyrs of Córdoba (feast day 13 March).
The modern given name has the short forms Ruy, Rui, and in Galician Roy, Roi.

The patronymic surname of this name is "Rodríguez".

The name is very frequently given in Portugal; it was the most popularly given masculine name in 2011–2012, and during 2013–2016 ranked between 4th and 2nd most popular.
It is also moderately popular in Spain, ranking between 30th and 60th most popular during 2002–2015.

Roderic
Roderic (also spelled Ruderic, Roderik, Roderich, or Roderick; Spanish and Portuguese: Rodrigo, Arabic: لذريق, romanized: Ludharīq; died July 711) was the Visigothic king in Hispania between 710 and 711. He is well known as "the last king of the Goths". He is an obscure figure about whom little can be said with certainty. He was the last Goth to rule from Toledo, but not the last Gothic king, a distinction which belongs to Ardo.

Roderic's election as king was disputed and he ruled only a part of Hispania while an opponent, Achila, ruled the rest. He faced a rebellion from the Basques and the Umayyad invasion, during which he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Guadalete. His widow, Egilona, is believed to have married Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, the first Muslim governor of Hispania.
Julija Stoliarenko
Julija Stoliarenko (born 8 April 1993) is a Lithuanian mixed martial artist, submission grappler, Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) black belt athlete and former Lethwei fighter. A two-time European Open champion and two-time IBJJF World medallist in the lower BJJ belt divisions; Stoliarenko is an ADCC Submission Fighting European medallist and competed in MMA in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Stoliarenko is the former Invicta FC Bantamweight Champion and ILFJ Women's Featherweight Lethwei World Champion.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system
The Brazilian jiu-jitsu ranking system signifies a practitioner's increasing level of technical knowledge and practical skill within the art. Colored belts worn as part of the uniform are awarded to the practitioner. The ranking system shares its origins with the judo belt-rank system, but the Brazilian system incorporates some minor differences from Judo such as a division between youths and adults and the issuance of stripes and degrees. Some differences have become synonymous with the art, such as a marked informality in promotional criteria, a focus on competitive demonstration of skill, and conservative promotion.
Silvia Lospennato
Silvia Gabriela Lospennato (born 21 December 1977) is an Argentine political scientist and politician, currently serving as National Deputy elected in Buenos Aires Province since 2015. She is a member of Republican Proposal (PRO).

Lospennato was previously Undersecretary of Government in the City of Buenos Aires during the mayoralty of Mauricio Macri.

Republican Proposal
Republican Proposal (Spanish: Propuesta Republicana), usually referred to by its abbreviation PRO, is a political party in Argentina. PRO was formed as an electoral alliance in 2005, but was transformed into a national party in 2010. It is led by former Argentine president Mauricio Macri, who has been the party's president since May 2024.

PRO has governed the city of Buenos Aires since 2007 and formed Cambiemos with the Radical Civic Union and the Civic Coalition ARI with which they won the 2015 general election.

Macri re-opened Argentina to international markets by lifting currency controls, restructuring sovereign debt, and pressing free-market solutions.
Feargus B. Squire
Feargus O'Conner Bowden Squire (February 12, 1850 – July 21, 1932), often referred to as F. B. Squire, was an executive with the Standard Oil Company and former mayor of Wickliffe, Ohio. He is well known in the petroleum industry for introducing a number of innovations, such as the tanker truck and door-to-door delivery of refined oil, and for financing a breakthrough in the mining of sulfur.

Tank truck
A tank truck, gas truck, fuel truck, or tanker truck (American English) or tanker (British English) is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquids or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars, which are also designed to carry liquid loads. Many variants exist due to the wide variety of liquids that can be transported. Tank trucks tend to be large; they may be insulated or non-insulated; pressurized or non-pressurized; and designed for single or multiple loads (often by means of internal divisions in their tank). Some are semi-trailer trucks. They are difficult to drive and highly susceptible to rollover due to their high center of gravity and, when they are partially filled, to the free surface effect of liquid sloshing in the tank.
Bolton Group
The Bolton Group is an Italian multinational company that produces and sells consumer goods, with the headquarter based in Milan, Italy.

The group's portfolio includes more than 60 brands in the food (canned fish and meat, sauces), home care, personal care, adhesives and cosmetics sectors. As of 2024, the group employs about 11,000 people distributed across 60 offices, 16 production sites, 10 research and development laboratories and 13 fishing vessels worldwide.

Potted meat
Potted meat is a form of traditional food preservation, potting, in which hot cooked meat is placed in a pot, tightly packed to exclude air, and then covered with hot fat, such as butter. As the fat cools, it hardens and forms an airtight seal, preventing some spoilage by airborne bacteria. 
Before the days of refrigeration, potted meat was developed as a way to preserve meat when a freshly slaughtered animal could not be fully eaten immediately.

Spores of Clostridium botulinum can survive cooking at 100 °C (212 °F), and, in the anaerobic neutral pH storage environment, result in botulism.

Often when making potted meat, the meat of only one animal was used, although other recipes, such as the Flemish potjevleesch, used meats from three or four different animals.
Maya Pedersen-Bieri
Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 27 November 1972 in Spiez) is a Swiss-Norwegian skeleton racer who has competed since 1995. She won the gold medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.  She retired from the sport in 2010 before returning to compete for Norway (the country of her husband and coach, Snorre Pedersen) in 2016, becoming at the oldest woman to start a World Cup race when she returned to the top level of skeleton in 2017. She is listed in the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation athlete registration system as Maya Pedersen.

Born in Spiez, Switzerland, Pedersen-Bieri is married to Snorre Pedersen (who is her trainer), has two children, both of her children are females and lives in Øyer Municipality near Lillehammer, Norway.

International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) is the international sports federation for the sliding sports of Bobsleigh and Skeleton. It was founded on 23 November 1923 by the delegates of Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and the United States at the meeting of their first International Congress in Paris, France as the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (International Federation of Bobsleigh and Tobogganing; FIBT). In June 2015, it announced a name change from FIBT to IBSF. The federation's headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The IBSF works closely with the IOC to conduct Winter Olympics every four years. Along with the Winter Olympics, the IBSF hosts World Championships the other three years. The races are hosted on tracks in North America, Europe, and Asia. The tracks are shared with the sport of Luge, although that is managed under a different governing body, the International Luge Federation.
Bridge of Tilt
Bridge of Tilt (Scottish Gaelic: Drochaid Theilt) is a village in Perthshire, Scotland, built around the River Tilt (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Teilt), near its confluence with the River Garry. It is 5+3⁄4 miles (9.3 kilometres) northwest of Pitlochry. The newer part of the village is continuous with Blair Atholl, only separated by the River Tilt. The village is located primarily on the B8079 between Pitlochry and Dunalastair Water, but the older part of the village (Old Bridge of Tilt) is located further up the River Tilt. The A9 runs past the River Garry to the south of Bridge of Tilt, and connects the village with Newtonmore and Inverness in the north and Pitlochry, Perth and Stirling in the south.

Blair Atholl
Blair Atholl (from the Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Athall, originally Blàr Ath Fhodla) is a village in Perthshire, Scotland, built about the confluence of the Rivers Tilt and Garry in one of the few areas of flat land in the midst of the Grampian Mountains. The Gaelic place-name Blair, from blàr, 'field, plain', refers to this location. Atholl, which means 'new Ireland', from the archaic Ath Fhodla is the name of the surrounding district.

On 13 March 2008, it was announced that Blair Atholl (together with some other Highland Perthshire villages) would be included in the Cairngorms National Park. This change was made at the request of the people of the town. The Forest of Atholl already formed part of the Cairngorms.
Mounted Carabiniers (France)
The Carabiniers-à-Cheval (French for Horse Carabiniers or Mounted Carabiniers) were mounted troops in the service of France.

Their origins date back to the mid-16th century, when they were created as elite elements of the French light cavalry, armed with carbines but then gradually evolved towards semi-independent status during the 18th century. They only became independent units as late as 1788, when a two-regiment heavy cavalry corps was created. From the French Revolutionary Wars onwards, they were the senior heavy cavalry regiments in the French army, rose to prominence during the Napoleonic Wars and were disbanded in 1871, after the fall of the Second French Empire.

Carbine
A carbine (/ˈkɑːrbiːn/ KAR-been or /ˈkɑːrbaɪn/ KAR-byn) is a long gun that has a barrel shortened from its original length. Most modern carbines are rifles that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful cartridges.

The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to handle. They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as special operations soldiers and paratroopers, as well as to mounted, artillery, logistics, or other non-infantry personnel whose roles do not require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the M4 carbine, the standard issue carbine of the United States Armed Forces.
Garganornis
Garganornis (meaning "Gargano bird") is an extinct genus of enormous flightless anatid waterfowl from the Late Miocene of Gargano, Italy. The genus contains one species, G. ballmanni, named by Meijer in 2014. Its enormous size is thought to have been an adaptation to living in exposed, open areas with no terrestrial predators, and as a deterrent to the indigenous aerial predators like the eagle Garganoaetus and the giant barn owl Tyto gigantea.

Garganoaetus
Garganoaetus is an extinct genus of buteonin accipitrid bird of prey from the early Pliocene in Italy. G. freudenthali was comparable in size to a golden eagle; G. murivorus was hawk sized.  Species of Garganoaetus would have lived alongside other Gargano island animals, such as large dormice Stertomys and Hattomys hamsters, the giant, long-skulled Deinogalerix moonrats, an otter, Prolagus pikas, and the multi-horned artiodactyl Hoplitomeryx.