hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Variational quantum eigensolver
In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems. It is a hybrid algorithm that uses both classical computers and quantum computers to find the ground state of a given physical system. Given a guess or ansatz, the quantum processor calculates the expectation value of the system with respect to an observable, often the Hamiltonian, and a classical optimizer is used to improve the guess. The algorithm is based on the variational method of quantum mechanics.

It was originally proposed in 2014, with corresponding authors Alberto Peruzzo, Alán Aspuru-Guzik and Jeremy O'Brien. The algorithm has also found applications in quantum machine learning and has been further substantiated by general hybrid algorithms between quantum and classical computers. It is an example of a noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithm.

Variational method (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the variational method is one way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state, and some excited states. This allows calculating approximate wavefunctions such as molecular orbitals. The basis for this method is the variational principle.

The method consists of choosing a "trial wavefunction" depending on one or more parameters, and finding the values of these parameters for which the expectation value of the energy is the lowest possible. The wavefunction obtained by fixing the parameters to such values is then an approximation to the ground state wavefunction, and the expectation value of the energy in that state is an upper bound to the ground state energy.  The Hartree–Fock method, density matrix renormalization group, and Ritz method apply the variational method.
Mads Bech Sørensen
Mads Bech Sørensen (Danish pronunciation: [ˈmæs ˈpe̝k ˈsɶɐ̯ˀn̩sn̩]; born 7 January 1999), sometimes known as Mads Bech, is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for and captains Danish Superliga club Midtjylland.

Bech began his career in his native Denmark with Horsens and transferred to Brentford in 2017. Largely a fringe player during six years in England, he returned to Denmark to join Midtjylland in 2023. Bech was capped by Denmark at youth level.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Mark Barilli
Mark Barilli (born 14 November 1973) is a Scottish darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He is well known for his throwing style where he changes the speed of his throw from fast to slow alternatively, and also for attempting outrageous outshots including one occasion where he attempted to check out 120 with 3 double 20s in a competitive match. Along with Co Stompé, he is also notable for playing competitive darts in a long-sleeved shirt.

Professional Darts Corporation
The Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) is a professional darts organisation in the United Kingdom, established in 1992 when a group of leading players split from the British Darts Organisation (BDO) to form what was initially called the World Darts Council (WDC). Sports promoter Eddie Hearn is the PDC chairman.

The PDC developed and holds several competitions, including the annual PDC World Darts Championship, the World Matchplay, World Grand Prix, UK Open, Premier League, and Grand Slam. It also runs its own world rankings based on players' performances.
COAT platelet defect
A collagen- and thrombin-activated (COAT) platelet defect is a platelet function disorder that is due to a reduced ability to generate procoagulant platelets. It is associated with a clinically relevant bleeding phenotype.

During physiological platelet activation, a fraction of platelets expresses phosphatidylserine on their surface and become highly efficient in sustaining thrombin generation. These so-called COAT platelets, can be generated by dual-agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin in a laboratory setting. COAT platelet defects should be distinguished from Scott syndrome, a rare bleeding disorder in which patients have impaired phospholipid scrambling and do not express negatively charged phospholipids on their surface even after treatment with calcium ionophores.

Thrombin
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is encoded in the human by the F2 gene. It is proteolytically cleaved during the clotting process by the prothrombinase enzyme complex to form thrombin.
ROF Risley
ROF Risley, (Filling Factory No.6) was a large World War II Royal Ordnance Factory filling munitions, including the Grand Slam bomb, in the UK. It is located roughly halfway between Liverpool and Manchester.

Royal Ordnance Factory
Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) were munitions factories run by the UK government during and after the Second World War. The three main types of factories were engineering, filling and explosives, and these were dispersed across the country for security reasons. ROFs were the responsibility of the Ministry of Supply and later the Ministry of Defence until privatisation in 1987.
Intelligent toilet
An intelligent toilet or smart toilet (sometimes referred to as a modern day bidet) is a bathroom plumbing fixture or type of electronic bidet toilet which incorporates traditional bidet cleansing (for genital, buttocks and anal hygiene), with the added enhancement of modern smart home technology.

Modern intelligent toilets incorporate electronic bidet cleansing functions into a ceramic toilet bowl for a low-profile and modern aesthetic. Intelligent toilet bidet functions are managed through voice command, mobile app or remote control navigation, depending on the toilet's manufacturer, make and model.

Lower-cost options include a detachable toilet seat referred to as an "electronic bidet ("e-bidet")" seat, which are becoming increasingly popular as well.

Home automation
Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home. A home automation system will monitor and/or control home attributes such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances. It may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems.

The phrase smart home refers to home automation devices that have internet access.  Home automation, a broader category, includes any device that can be monitored or controlled via wireless radio signals, not just those having internet access.  When connected with the Internet, home sensors and activation devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things ("IoT").

A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central smart home hub (sometimes called a "gateway"). The user interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a mobile phone application, or a Web interface that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet.
Lieutenant general (Nigeria)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), is the second-highest rank of the Nigerian Army and generally it is the highest active rank as the Nigerian army do not have any appointment in the rank of full general but in the case of the appointment of Chief of Defence Staff, the rank of full general is given (if the chief is appointed from the army and not from the navy or the air force). It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank.

The rank of lieutenant general is usually held by the Chief of Army Staff.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Nigerian Navy and an air marshal in the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia is an eagle and a six-pointed star over a crossed sabre and baton.

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Ivan Damgård
Ivan Bjerre Damgård (born 1956) is a Danish cryptographer and currently a professor at the Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. Ivan is the co-founder of Cryptomathic, Partisia and Sepior. Ivan is a Professor and head of the research group in cryptography at Aarhus University. He is one of the top cited and publishing researchers in cryptography, is a fellow of the IACR (International Association for Cryptologic Research), and received the 2015 RSA Award for Excellence in the Field of Mathematics.

International Association for Cryptologic Research
The International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) is a non-profit scientific organization that furthers research in cryptology and related fields. The IACR was organized at the initiative of David Chaum at the CRYPTO '82 conference.
Idilpur Union
Idilpur Union (Bengali: ইদিলপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad of Gosairhat Upazila under Shariatpur District in the Dhaka Division, southern-central Bangladesh beside the Jayanti River. In the past Idilpur or Idalpur or Edilpur pargana was the largest zamindari of Faridpur District and before that it was one of the 5 important parganas of Bakarganj during the British Raj.

Barisal District
Barisal District, officially Barishal District (Bengali: বরিশাল জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh, it was formerly called Bakerganj district, and established in 1797. Its headquarters is in Barisal city, which is also the headquarters of Barisal Division.
Kalkrieser Berg
The Kalkrieser Berg (also called the Schmittenhöhe) is a hill, 157 m high, between the villages of Venne and Engter in the district of Osnabrück. The Kalkrieser Berg is a northern bulge of the Wiehen Hills. To the north is the great bog of Großes Moor at a height of about 47 m above sea level (NHN), the Mittelland Canal, built in the 20th century, and the Bramsche parish of Kalkriese.

Most historians believe that the narrow point – between the Kalkrieser Berg and the great bog – was where the decisive Battle of the Teutoburg Forest between the Romans and the Germanic tribes took place. In the area of  Kalkriese artifacts believed to be from the battle have been recovered and many are on display in the Kalkriese Museum and Park.

Bramsche
Bramsche (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁamʃə]) is a town in the district of Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of Osnabrück, at 52°24′N 7°59′E﻿ / ﻿52.400°N 7.983°E﻿ / 52.400; 7.983. Population is 30,952 (2018).
Hudson Avenue Line (surface)
The Hudson Avenue Line was a horse car street railway line in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, running mostly along Hudson Avenue in Vinegar Hill, near Downtown Brooklyn. It was short-lived, operating only from 1867 to 1871, but its trackage rights over the Brooklyn City Rail Road allowed the Atlantic Avenue Railroad to operate South Ferry-Prospect Park cars for many years.

Brooklyn City Railroad
The Brooklyn City Railroad (BCRR) was the oldest and one of the largest operators of streetcars (horsecars and later trolleys) in the City of Brooklyn, New York, continuing in that role when Brooklyn became a borough of New York City in 1898.
R-13 regional road (Montenegro)
R-13 regional road (Montenegrin: Regionalni put R-13) is a Montenegrin roadway.

Section from Bioče to Mateševo is a parallel road to section of Bar–Boljare motorway that was finished in 2022. When this section of Bar–Boljare motorway was finished, R-13 regional road section from Mateševo to Kolašin would serve as a major connection from motorway to the  M-2 highway.

M-2 highway (Montenegro)
The M-2 highway (Montenegrin: Magistralni put M-2) is a Montenegrin roadway.

The M-2 highway is the oldest and most important connection between the coastal region and the North of Montenegro. It goes from Petrovac na Moru in Budva Municipality, through the capital city of Podgorica, and the towns of Kolašin and Mojkovac, to the border of Serbia north of Bijelo Polje. In 2016, the highway was shortened, and its route changed. The road is considered to be the "backbone of the Montenegrin road network".

Most notorious part of this road is Platije Canyon, where more than 1200 people have lost their lives. Part of the Bar-Boljare motorway that was built from 2015 to 2022 is a new and safe connection between Podgorica and Kolašin avoiding Platije Canyon.
Oakland Six
The Oakland Six was a six-cylinder automobile offered by the Oakland Motor Company in 1913, which had become a division of General Motors in 1909. The company's first six-cylinder auto, Oakland Six was offered in many different model names that changed every year, along with several body styles and engine displacements, until 1929, when a V8 engine was reintroduced.  In 1931 Oakland was renamed Pontiac.

When Oakland became a division of GM and introduced the Oakland Four, Oldsmobile and Buick shared bodywork and chassis of their six-cylinder models with Oakland. When Chevrolet became part of GM in 1917, Oakland chassis and bodywork were shared with Chevrolet. Manufacture of the Oakland was completed in Pontiac, Michigan.

Oakland Four
The Oakland Model A was the first four-cylinder engine offered by the Oakland Motor Company in 1907, which became a division of General Motors in 1909. The Model A was developed and manufactured from former Oakland Motor Company sources while the engine was provided by Northway Motor and Manufacturing Division of GM of Detroit. The Model A was available in several body styles and prices ranged from US$1,300 ($45,495 in 2024 dollars ) to US$2,150 ($75,242 in 2024 dollars ). Once Oakland became a division of GM, Oldsmobile and Buick shared bodywork and chassis of their four-cylinder models with Oakland. Manufacture of the Oakland was completed in Pontiac, Michigan. Oakland (Pontiac) wouldn't use another 4-cylinder engine until 1961 with the Pontiac Trophy 4 engine.
Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)
A "Black Lives Matter" street mural was painted in Capitol Hill, Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington in June 2020. Many of the artists who originally painted it formed the Vivid Matter Collective to steward the mural. Annually repainted by the collective and maintained by the Seattle Department of Transportation, the artwork has survived longer than many Black Lives Matter street murals across the United States.

Capitol Hill, Seattle
Capitol Hill is a densely populated residential district and a neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is immediately east of Downtown Seattle and north of First Hill. The neighborhood is one of the city's most popular nightlife and entertainment districts and is home to a historic gay village and vibrant music community.
Ishūretsuzō
Ishūretsuzō (夷酋列像), also known as or A Series of Paintings of Ainu Chieftains: 5  or Portraits of Ezo Chieftains,: 9  is a series of twelve painted portraits, dating to 1790, of Ainu elders in the aftermath of the Menashi–Kunashir rebellion. They are by the Japanese artist and Matsumae Domain retainer Kakizaki Hakyō (1764–1826). Eleven of the twelve paintings survive, in the collection of the Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Besançon. A number of preparatory drawings and copies are to be found in collections in Japan. The clothing worn and other accoutrements depicted help cast light on late eighteenth-century connections between the indigenous inhabitants of Ezochi, the Wajin, China, and Russia. The portrait of Ininkari from the series also represents the earliest known documentation of brown bears (Ursus arctos) with white pelage, the so-called "Ininkari bears" that are to be found on Kunashir (Kunashiri) and Iturup (Etorofu) in the disputed Southern Kurils.

Kunashir
Kunashir (Russian: Кунаши́р, romanized: Kunashír) or Kunashiri (Japanese: 国後島, Hepburn: Kunashiri-tō) is the southernmost island of the Kuril Islands. The island has been under Russian administration since the end of World War II, when Soviet forces took possession of the Kurils. It is claimed by Japan as part of its "Northern Territories".
John Kelsay (judge)
John Kelsay (October 23, 1819 – January 19, 1899) was an American politician and judge in Oregon. He was the 18th justice of the Oregon Supreme Court, and fought in the Rogue River Wars. A Kentucky native, he was a member of the 1857 Oregon Constitutional Convention and served in the Missouri General Assembly.

Oregon Constitutional Convention
The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859.
Florentino Solon
Florentino Sanico Solon (September 17, 1931 – June 21, 2020) was a Filipino nutritionist and politician who served as the mayor of Cebu City from 1978 to 1983. He served as the first executive director of the Nutrition Center of the Philippines in 1974 and as Deputy Minister of Health from 1983 to 1986 during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos.

Department of Health (Philippines)
The Department of Health (DOH; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Kalusugan) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to basic public health services by all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care, the regulation of all health services and products. It is the government's over-all technical authority on health. It has its headquarters at the San Lazaro Compound, along Rizal Avenue in Manila.

The current head of the department is Sec. Ted Herbosa. The health secretary is also a member of the Cabinet.
Richard D. Bennett
Richard D. Bennett (born August 12, 1947) is a United States Senior District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Born in Maryland, Bennett is a graduate of Severn School, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. He previously served as an Assistant United States Attorney and the United States Attorney for Maryland, and was awarded multiple commendations for his service. In private practice, Bennett was a partner in a major Maryland law firm, where he specialized in white collar criminal defense. Appointed to the federal bench in 2003, he took senior status in 2021. While maintaining an active trial docket in the District of Maryland, Bennett has increasingly been sitting by designation with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (formerly University of Maryland School of Law from 1924 to 2011) is the law school of the University of Maryland, Baltimore. It is located in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1816, it is one of the oldest law schools in the United States.

The law school is fully accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). It is a member of the Association of American Law Schools and has a chapter of the Order of the Coif honor society.
Erika Booth
Erika Booth (born September 27, 1977) is an American educator and politician who currently serves as a Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives from the 35th district, which includes most of Osceola County and eastern parts of Orange County. She previously served as a member of the Osceola County School Board from 2022 to 2023.

Osceola County, Florida
Osceola County (/ˌɒsiˈoʊlə/ OSS-ee-OH-lə) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 388,656. Its county seat is Kissimmee. Osceola County is included in the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Fla. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Being 54.3% Hispanic, Osceola is one of three Hispanic-majority counties in Florida, owing to its large Puerto Rican American population. It also is the 12th-largest majority-Hispanic county in the nation.
Jakob Johansson
Jakob Johansson (born 21 June 1990) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Becoming the first player born in the 1990s to play in Allsvenskan while at IFK Göteborg, he went on to represent AEK Athens and Rennes before retiring at IFK Göteborg in 2021. A full international between 2013 and 2019, he won 18 caps for the Sweden national team and is best remembered for scoring the winning goal in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying playoffs against Italy when Sweden qualified for their first FIFA World Cup in 12 years.

2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA second round
The UEFA second round was contested by the best eight runners-up from the nine first round groups from the UEFA segment of the qualification tournament for the 2018 FIFA World Cup final tournament. The winners — Croatia, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland — of each of four home and away ties joined the group winners in the World Cup in Russia. These pairs of matches, also commonly known as the playoffs, were held in November 2017. The losers were Greece, Italy, Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland.

The draw for the ties was held in Zürich on 17 October 2017, with the October 2017 FIFA World Rankings being used in deciding which of the teams would be seeded.
Thad H. Brown
Thaddeus Harold Brown (January 10, 1887 – February 25, 1941) was a Republican lawyer and politician from the U.S. State of Ohio.  After serving in the United States Army during World War I, he was elected Ohio Secretary of State 1923–1927, and was a commissioner of the Federal Radio Commission and then the Federal Communications Commission from 1932 to 1940.

Ohio Secretary of State
The secretary of state of Ohio is an elected statewide official in the state of Ohio. The secretary of state is responsible for overseeing elections in the state; registering business entities (corporations, etc.) and granting them the authority to do business within the state; registering secured transactions; and granting access to public documents.

From 1803 to 1851, the Ohio secretary of state was elected by the Ohio General Assembly to a three-year term. The 1851 Ohio Constitution made the office elective, with a two-year term. In 1954, the office's term was extended to four years. The secretary of state is elected in even-numbered, off cycle years, (no Presidential elections), after partisan primary elections.