hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chen Der-hwa
Chen Der-hwa (traditional Chinese: 陳德華; simplified Chinese: 陈德华; pinyin: Chén Déhuá) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Political Deputy Minister of Education from 22 October 2013 until 16 August 2014 with a brief stint as Minister of Education on 14–29 July 2014 after Chiang Wei-ling resigned due to alleged academic fraud. His appointment to Political Deputy Minister had also come in the wake of the sudden resignation of another predecessor, Chen I-hsing. He had been the Administrative Deputy Minister from June 2012 until October 2013.

Ministry of Education (Taiwan)
The Ministry of Education (MOE; Chinese: 教育部; pinyin: Jiàoyùbù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kàu-io̍k-pō͘; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄩˋ ㄅㄨˋ; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kau-yuk Phu) is the cabinet-level ministry of the Republic of China (Taiwan) responsible for formulating educational policies, managing public schools, and overseeing local educational administrative agencies.
Urs Fischer (footballer)
Urs Fischer (born 20 February 1966) is a Swiss football manager and former player, who is the head coach of Bundesliga club  Mainz 05.

As a manager he has won two Swiss Super League titles with Basel in 2016 and 2017. He then took over at Union Berlin in 2018, and guided the club to their first ever UEFA Champions League qualification in 2023.

2015–16 Swiss Super League
The 2015–16 Swiss Super League, also known as Raiffeisen Super League for sponsoring purposes, was the 119th season of top-tier football in Switzerland. Basel were the defending champions.

A total of 10 teams competed in the league, the 9 best teams from the 2014–15 season and the 2014–15 Swiss Challenge League champion Lugano.
Gascon campaign of 1450–1453
The Gascon campaign of 1450–1453 took place during the Hundred Years' War when the kingdom of France undertook a military campaign to invade and cede the Duchy of Gascony from the English. Following the decisive victory of the French at the battle of Castillion and after the fall of Bordeaux, the last English stronghold in Gascony, English control of Gascony was removed.

Siege of Bordeaux (1453)
The siege of Bordeaux by King Charles VII, between August and October 1453, is part of the third phase of the Hundred Years' War. It marks the attachment of the city to the crown of France and the end of both the English presence in Guyenne as well as in France and of the Hundred Years' War.
Alibek Dnishev
Älıbek Mūsaūly Dınışev, often Russified as Alibek Dnishev (born 30 July 1951), is a Soviet and Kazakh chamber and opera singer (tenor), educator. People's Artist of the USSR (1986). Hero of Labour of Kazakhstan (2021).

Laureate of Kazakhstan's First President and National Leader's State Award for Peace and Progress (2001), Laureate of the Republic of Kazakhstan's State Award for Literature and Arts (2012).

People's Artist of the USSR
People's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to artists of the Soviet Union. The term is confusingly used to translate two Russian language titles: Народный артист СССР (Narodny artist SSSR), awarded in performing arts and Народный художник СССР (Narodny khudozhnik SSSR), granted in some visual arts.

As those titles were granted by the government, honorees were afforded certain privileges and would often receive commissions from the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, artists and authors who expressed criticism of the Communist Party were seldom granted such recognition, if not outright censored. Each Soviet Republic, as well as the Autonomous Republics (ASSRs), had a similar award that would be held previously by virtually every receiver of the higher title of People's Artist of the USSR.
SuperTuxKart
SuperTuxKart (STK) is a free and open-source kart racing game, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3. Its initial version was released in 2007. It features mascots of various open-source projects. SuperTuxKart is cross-platform, running on Linux, macOS, Windows, iOS (beta), Android systems and Nintendo Switch (homebrew).

SuperTuxKart started as a fork of TuxKart, originally developed by Steve and Oliver Baker in 2000. When TuxKart development ended around March 2004, a fork as SuperTuxKart was conducted by other developers in 2006. SuperTuxKart is under active development by the game's community.

Fork (software development)
In software development, a fork is a codebase that is created by duplicating an existing codebase and, generally, is subsequently modified independently of the original. Software built from a fork initially has identical behavior as software built from the original code, but as the source code is increasingly modified, the resulting software tends to have increasingly different behavior compared to the original. A fork is a form of branching, but generally involves storing the forked files separately from the original – not in the repository. Reasons for forking a codebase include user preference, stagnated or discontinued development of the original software or a schism in the developer community. Forking proprietary software (such as Unix) is prohibited by copyright law without explicit permission, but free and open-source software, by definition, may be forked without permission.
USS Saginaw (LST-1188)
USS Saginaw (LST-1188) was the tenth of the Newport-class tank landing ships of the United States Navy which replaced the traditional bow door-design tank landing ships (LSTs). The second ship of that name, Saginaw was named after the river in Michigan. The LST was constructed by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of San Diego, California, launched in 1970 and commissioned in 1971. During service with the United States Navy, the ship took part in US efforts in the Lebanese civil war and the Gulf War. Saginaw was decommissioned on 28 June 1994 and was transferred to the Royal Australian Navy on 28 August that year.

Recommissioned as HMAS Kanimbla (L 51), the LST underwent a major refit removing its bow ramps and using a crane to load and unload the vessel. The ship was retired from Australian service in 2011 after being replaced by HMAS Choules. The ship was towed back to the United States and broken up for scrap at New Orleans, Louisiana in 2013.

Saginaw River
The Saginaw River is a 22.4-mile-long (36.0 km) river in the U.S. state of Michigan.  It is formed by the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Shiawassee rivers southwest of Saginaw. It flows northward into the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City, both of which developed around it in the 19th century. The watershed area is 8,595 square miles (22,260 km2). At its mouth, the river's estimated average discharge is 4,827 cubic feet per second (136.7 m3/s).

The river is an important shipping route for Mid-Michigan, passing through the cities of Saginaw and Bay City. It is one of Michigan's few inland navigable rivers. The Saginaw River Rear Range Light, one of a pair of lighthouses built in 1876 to improve navigation, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Since the turn of the 21st century, it is being renovated.
Aracy Amaral
Aracy Abreu Amaral (born 22 February 1930) is a Brazilian art historian and curator. Born in São Paulo and raised in Buenos Aires, she worked as an art history professor at the University of São Paulo and director of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (1975–1979) and Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo (1982–1986). A 1977 Guggenheim Fellow, she is an academic who specializes in modernism in Brazil, particularly Tarsila do Amaral.

Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo
The Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo (Portuguese, Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo) is a contemporary art museum located in the main campus of the University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil, and in Ibirapuera Park, in the same city. It is one of the largest art museums in the country.
Christopher Cross
Christopher Cross (born Christopher Charles Geppert; May 3, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist.
He won five Grammy Awards for his eponymous debut album released in 1979. The singles "Sailing" (1980), and "Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)", from the 1981 film Arthur, peaked at number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

"Sailing" earned three Grammys in 1980. "Arthur's Theme" won in 1982 the Oscar for Best Original Song, with co-writers Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, and Peter Allen.

Academy Award for Best Original Song
The Academy Award for Best Original Song is one of the awards given annually to people working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is presented to the songwriters who have composed the best original song written specifically for a film. The performers of a song are not credited with the Academy Award unless they contributed either to music, lyrics, or both in their own right. The songs that are nominated for this award are typically performed during the ceremony and before this award is presented.

The award category was introduced at the 7th Academy Awards, the ceremony honoring the best in film for 1934. Nominations are made by Academy members who are songwriters and composers, and the winners are chosen by the Academy membership as a whole. Fifteen songs are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Cartilage piercing
A cartilage piercing can refer to any area of cartilage on the body with a perforation created for the purpose of wearing jewelry. The two most common areas with cartilage piercings are the ear and the nose. Outside of the body modification community, many people commonly refer to a helix piercing as a "cartilage piercing." The cartilage ear piercing is known to be more sore than the lobe as in the cartilage there is less blood, so it takes longer to heal (typically anywhere from 4-12 months).

Nose piercing
Nose piercing is the piercing of the skin or cartilage which forms any part of the nose, normally for the purpose of wearing jewelry, called a nose-jewel. Among the different varieties of nose piercings, the nostril piercing is the most common.
Islam in Ethiopia
Islam is the second largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity. In 2024, 31.5% of the population was Muslim.

Islam in Ethiopia dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad; in 615, when a group of Muslims were counseled by Muhammad to escape persecution in Mecca and migrate to the Kingdom of Aksum which was based in Ethiopia and which was ruled by Najashi, a pious Christian king. It is agreed by Islamic scholars that Najashi gave shelter to the Muslim refugees around 615–616 at Axum. Bilal ibn Ribah, the first Muezzin, the person chosen to call the faithful to prayer, and one of the foremost companions of Muhammad, was born in Mecca to an Abyssinian (Ethiopian) mother.

Najashi
The Najashi (Arabic: ٱلنَّجَاشِيّ, romanized: al-Najāshī) is an Arabic term, a loanword from the word negus (Ge'ez: ንጉሥ, lit. 'king'), and refers to the ruler of the Kingdom of Aksum who reigned from 614 to 630. It is agreed by Muslim scholars that Najashi gave shelter to early Muslim refugees from Mecca, around 615–616 at Aksum.
Youssef Salimi
Youssef Salimi (born August 24, 1972, in Arles, France) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as a central defender and spent almost his entire career with Nice. He scored Nice's only goal in their triumphant 1997 Coupe de France final. He finished his career by making one Alpha Ethniki appearance for Ethnikos Asteras during 2000.

1997 Coupe de France final
The 1997 Coupe de France final was a football match held at the Parc des Princes, Paris on 10 May 1997, that saw Nice defeat Guingamp in a penalty shoot out. After normal time and extra-time could not separate the two sides, the match was to be decided on penalty kicks. Stéphane Carnot and Claude Michel missed for Guingamp, while only Louis Gomis missed for Nice. This final was the last Coupe de France final held at the Parc des Princes, with the following year's final held at the new Stade de France.
Dhaka Division
Dhaka Division (Bengali: ঢাকা বিভাগ, romanized: Ḍhaka Bibhag) is an administrative division of Bangladesh. Dhaka serves as the capital city of Dhaka Division, the Dhaka District and Bangladesh. The division remains a population magnet, and covers an area of 20,508.8 km2 with a population in excess of 44 million, it is one of the fastest growing populous administrative divisions of the world, growing at a rate of 1.94% since prior count, compared with the national average of 1.22%. However, national figures may include data skewing expatriation of male labor force as gender ratio is skewed towards females.

Dhaka Division borders every other division in the country except Rangpur Division. It is bounded by Mymensingh Division to the north, Barisal Division to the south, Chittagong Division to the east and south-east, Sylhet Division to the north-east, and Rajshahi Division to the west and Khulna Divisions to the south-west.

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ), officially Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative Divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the southeasternmost areas of the country, with a total area of 34,529.97 km2 (13,332.10 sq mi) and a population according to the 2022 census of 33,202,326, which made it the second most populous division of Bangladesh and the 45th most populous subnational entity in the world — more populous than all but 43 other countries.
Chittagong Division is home to Cox's Bazar, the longest natural sea beach in the world; as well as St. Martin's Island, Bangladesh's sole coral reef.
Kenya (Robinson)
Kenya (Robinson) (born 1977) is an American multimedia artist whose work includes performance, sculpture and installation. Raised in Gainesville, Florida, (Robinson)'s work depicts themes of privilege and consumerism, exploring perceptions of gender, race and ability. Combining a variety of audio-visual elements and live performance, (Robinson)'s work has been shown at the Museum of Modern Art, The Kitchen, The Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts, and the 60 Wall Street Gallery of Deutsche Bank. She has lectured at Hampshire College, Long Island University, and the University of Florida.

An established blogger and Arts and Culture contributor to the Huffington Post, (Robinson), who chooses to have her last name placed in parentheses, documents her work on her Instagram account kenya9. She earned her MFA in Sculpture from the School of Art at Yale University in 2013.

Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts
The Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts (MoCADA), is Brooklyn's first and only contemporary art museum dedicated to the art and culture of Africa and its diaspora. Since 2023, the museum has operated within an expanded campus which includes three venues:

- Culture Lab II, the flagship gallery, performance space, giftshop, and cafe, located at 10 Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11217

- Ubuntu Garden, a community garden + public art space, which is located at 48 Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11217

- Abolition House, a seasonal art residency on Governors Island, located at House 7A Nolan Park, Governors Island, NY 10004
Parupalli Kashyap
Parupalli Kashyap (born 8 September 1986) is an Indian former badminton player who has represented India at the Olympics, World Championships, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games and other major international tournaments. He is best known for reaching the quarterfinals at the 2012 London Olympics, becoming the first Indian male shuttler to achieve this feat. A former World No. 6, he is now a coach at the Gopichand Badminton Academy. Kashyap announced his retirement from professional badminton in 2024.

Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles
The badminton men's singles tournament at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place from 28 July to 5 August at Wembley Arena.

The draw was held on 23 July 2012. Forty players from 34 nations competed in the event. China's Lin Dan won the gold medal, defeating Lee Chong Wei from Malaysia in the final. Chen Long, also of China, won the bronze medal.
Harriet Duncan Hobart
Harriet Duncan Hobart (1825–1898) was an American schoolteacher and women's rights advocate. After teaching in New York City, she moved to Minnesota and became an advocate for temperance and women's suffrage. She was president of the Minnesota Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) for thirteen years and urged the WCTU to work on behalf of women's rights more broadly.

Temperance movement in the United States
The temperance movement in the United States, which sought to curb the consumption of alcohol, had a large influence on American politics and American society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, culminating in the prohibition of alcohol, through the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, from 1920 to 1933. Today, there are organizations that continue to promote the cause of temperance.
Shō Sen'i
Shō Sen'i (c. 1430–1477) was the second ruler of the Second Shō dynasty of the kingdom of Ryukyu, based on the western Pacific island of Okinawa. He briefly ruled for six months in 1477, succeeding his elder brother Shō En. The official histories of the Ryukyu Kingdom state that Sen'i and his brother were the sons of Shō Shoku and were born on the small island of Izena, and that Sen'i left his parents at age five to live under the care of his brother. En made Sen'i the lord of Goeku, likely as a signal that he was his expected heir to the throne.

The official histories note that Sen'i's coronation ceremonies were not performed in accordance to the proper ritual, casting spiritual doubt on his reign. He allegedly resigned in 1466 and went to live at Goeku, dying less than a month later. Modern historians have attributed his short reign instead to a coup d'état by Ogiyaka, the mother of his nephew Shō Shin, who seized the throne for her son and killed Sen'i.

Second Shō dynasty
The Second Shō dynasty (第二尚氏王朝, daini Shō-shi ōchō) was the last dynasty of the Ryukyu Kingdom from 1469 to 1879, ruled by the Second Shō family (第二尚氏, daini Shō-shi) under the title of King of Chūzan. This family took the family name from the earlier rulers of the kingdom, the first Shō family, even though the new royal family has no blood relation to the previous one. Until the abolition of Japanese peerage in 1947, the head of the family was given the rank of marquess while several cadet branches held the title of baron.
G. A. K. Lohani
Ghulam Ambia Khan Lohani (2 December 1892 – 17 September 1938), stylized as G. A. K. Lohani, or Luhani, was a Bengali revolutionary, journalist and professor from modern-day Bangladesh who struggled against British Raj.

During 1914–1925, Lohani lived in Europe, where he studied law and then became active in the local labor movement and Indian independence movement. Inspired by Russia's 1917 October Revolution, he attended the 1921 3rd World Congress of the Communist International where he corresponded with Vladimir Lenin. In 1925, he moved permanently to the USSR, where he worked as a translator, researcher and professor, authoring numerous articles on South Asian society and revolutionary strategy.

In 1938, during the Great Purge, Lohani was arrested and executed by the NKVD on false charges of espionage. He was posthumously rehabilitated (found innocent) in 1957.

3rd World Congress of the Communist International
The 3rd World Congress of the Communist International was held in Moscow between 22 June and 12 July 1921.  The third official meeting of the Communist International included delegations from more than 50 different national structures and took place in the back-drop of two major events; the failure of the German revolution and the introduction of New Economic Policy in Soviet Russia.

The main language of the congress was German, with three further working languages: French, English and Russian (of the three, French being predominant).

Over 600 delegates were housed at Hotel Lux.
Patricia Gualinga
Patricia Gualinga (or Patricia Gualinga Montalvo) is a women human rights defender and indigenous rights defender of the Pueblo Kichwa de Sarayaku (Kichwa People of Sarayaku), an indigenous community in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Patricia's nieces Nina Gualinga and Helena Gualinga are also environmental and indigenous rights activists. Her mother Cristina Gualinga is also a land defender, who passed down the family tradition. Her sister Noemí Gualinga, who has a lower profile as an activist, is a community leader, while her brother Eriberto Gualinga is a globetrotting filmmaker who documents the Sarayaku resistance.

Gualinga currently lives in cantón del Puyo, in the Pastaza Province of Ecuador.

Land defender
A land defender, land protector, or environmental defender is an activist who works to protect ecosystems and the human right to a safe, healthy environment. Often, defenders are members of Indigenous communities who are protecting property rights of ancestral lands in the face of expropriation, pollution, depletion, or destruction. Land and its resources may be considered sacred by Indigenous peoples, and caring for land is considered a duty that honors ancestors, current peoples, and future generations.

In 2021, the United Nations Human Rights Council determined that land defenders are "among the human rights defenders who are most exposed and at risk."
I Corps (Australia)
I Corps was an Australian Army corps, one of three that were raised by the Army during World War II. It was the main Australian operational corps for much of the war. Various Australian and other Allied divisions came under its control at different times. In 1940–1942, the corps was based in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern theatres, and controlled forces in action against the Germans, Italians and later the Vichy French in North Africa, Greece and Syria–Lebanon.

In 1942, following Japan's entry into the war, I Corps was transferred to the South West Pacific Area. Forces assigned to the corps undertook garrison duties in Ceylon, and briefly deployed to the ill-fated defence of Java in 1942, before returning to Australia. Between late 1942 and 1945, the corps oversaw Allied frontline units fighting against the Japanese in New Guinea and then Borneo in 1945.

19th Brigade (Australia)
The 19th Brigade was a formation of the Australian Army that was raised as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force for service during World War II. It was briefly raised in 1912 as a Militia formation providing training as part of the compulsory training scheme. Later, during World War II, the brigade was established in April 1940 in Palestine as a triangular formation, the brigade was created by transferring one infantry battalion from three other brigades. It was subsequently assigned to the 6th Division. Throughout 1941, the brigade fought in North Africa, Greece and on Crete, before undertaking garrison duties in Syria, remaining there until January 1942. Following the Japanese entry into the war, the 19th Brigade was withdrawn to Australia and subsequently undertook garrison duties in Darwin. It did not see combat again until late in the war, when it was committed to the Aitape–Wewak campaign in 1944–1945. The brigade was disbanded in December 1945 in Puckapunyal.