hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Self-pollination
Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms) of the same plant. The term cross-pollination is used for the opposite case, where pollen from one plant moves to a different plant.

There are two types of self-pollination: in autogamy, pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower; in geitonogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant, or from microsporangium to ovule within a single (monoecious) gymnosperm. Some plants have mechanisms that ensure autogamy, such as flowers that do not open (cleistogamy), or stamens that move to come into contact with the stigma.

The term selfing that is often used as a synonym is not limited to self-pollination, but also applies to other types of self-fertilization.

Self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for any genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in fertile hermaphroditic organisms, and thus encourages outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation.

SI is best-studied and particularly common in flowering plants, although it is present in other groups, including sea squirts and fungi. In plants with SI, when a pollen grain produced in a plant reaches a stigma of the same plant or another plant with a matching allele or genotype, the process of pollen germination, pollen-tube growth, ovule fertilization, or embryo development is inhibited, and consequently no seeds are produced. SI is one of the most important means of preventing inbreeding and promoting the generation of new genotypes in plants and it is considered one of the causes of the spread and success of angiosperms on Earth.
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Housing
The assistant secretary for housing, who also carries the title Federal Housing Commissioner, is a position within the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The assistant secretary is responsible for overseeing the nearly $2 trillion Federal Housing Administration mortgage insurance portfolio and the Department of Housing and Urban Development's regulatory responsibilities in the area of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the housing mission of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the manufactured housing industry.

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Atiba Harris
Atiba Erasto Harris (born 9 January 1985) is a Kittitian football administrator and former professional footballer. He captained the Saint Kitts and Nevis national team.

As of August 2021, he serves as President of the St. Kitts and Nevis Football Association.

Saint Kitts and Nevis national football team
The Saint Kitts and Nevis national football team is the national team of Saint Kitts and Nevis, and is controlled by the St. Kitts and Nevis Football Association. They are affiliated to the Caribbean Football Union of CONCACAF. The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, however, they did qualify for their first CONCACAF Gold Cup appearance in 2023.

They are nicknamed The Sugar Boyz due to the sugar cultivation on the island of St. Kitts.
Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 or K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics, it forms a clade within Haplogroup K2b (K-P331). Its sister clade within K2b is K2b1 (haplogroup MS).

It was proposed to redefine the root of Haplogroup P through the novel Single-nucleotide polymorphism PF5850, yet this is so far not reflected in the International Society of Genetic Genealogy Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree nor in scientific publications.

Basal PF5850* is found in Southeast Asia. Basal P-P295* is found among South and Southeast Asians as well as Oceanians, P-FT292000 (P1b, formerly P3) with unknown distribution, and P-M45* (P1~*) commonly found among Siberians and Central Asians. P-M45 is the parent node of Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207).

The major subclades of Haplogroups P-M45, Q and R now include most males among Europeans, Native Americans, South Asians, North Africans, and Central Asians.

Haplogroup K2b1 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup K2b1, known sometimes as haplogroup MS, is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs P397 and P399. It has a complex, diverse and not-yet fully understood internal structure; its downstream descendants include the major haplogroups Haplogroup M (P256) and Haplogroup S (M230).

It is not clear at present whether the basal paragroup K2b1* is carried by any living males. Individuals carrying subclades of K2b1 are found primarily among Papuan peoples, Micronesian peoples, indigenous Australians, and Polynesians.
Bersant Celina
Bersant Celina (born 9 September 1996) is a Kosovan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Swedish club AIK and the Kosovo national team.

He began his professional career with Manchester City, having previously been with the youth system at Strømsgodset. He made his senior debut for Manchester City in 2016, going on to have loan spells at Twente and Ipswich Town during his time at the club. He signed for Swansea City in 2018. He spent two seasons at Swansea before joining French side Dijon in 2020.

Born in FR Yugoslavia, Celina was raised in Norway. After representing both Norway and Kosovo at youth level, he made his senior international debut for the Kosovo national team in 2014.

Kosovo national football team
The Kosovo national football team (Albanian: Kombëtarja e futbollit të Kosovës; Serbian: Фудбалска репрезентација Косова, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija Kosova) represents Kosovo in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Federation of Kosovo, the governing body for football in Kosovo, and is under the jurisdiction of FIFA globally.
Wally Nelson
Wallace Floyd Nelson (27 March 1909 – 23 May 2002) was an American civil rights activist and war tax resister. He spent three and a half years in prison as a conscientious objector during World War II, was on the first of the "Freedom Rides" (then called the "Journey of Reconciliation") enforcing desegregation in 1947, and was the first national field organizer for the Congress of Racial Equality.

For their role as civil rights activists, they received the Courage of Conscience Award from The Peace Abbey in Sherborn, Massachusetts. Wally & Juanita were also founding members of the Valley Community Land Trust in western Massachusetts. A no-interest loan fund is now held by the trust in Wally's memory. Wally Nelson died at the age of 93 after more than a half-century of war tax resistance and activism.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.
Puliyankudi
Puliyangudi is a municipal town located in Tenkasi district.The town located between Tenkasi and Rajapalayam on the National Highway 208 (Kollam to Tirumangalam).

It falls under the administrative jurisdiction of Tenkasi District and Kadayanallur Taluk. Taluk headquarters, Kadayanallur, is 16 km south from Puliyangudi, and the district headquarters, Tenkasi lies 31 km south. It is nicknamed the "Lemon City of India". The climate, soil, and marketing facilities in Puliyangudi are particularly suitable for lemon cultivation.
It has two big lemon markets located in Puliyangudi and Punnaiyapuram lemon markets especially for exporting lemons in daily Tamilnadu other districts area and Kerala state. Puliyangudi's Big Mosque or Jumma Masjid, built by the Lebbai family (Lebbai Sha), holds significant historical and cultural importance. The Lebbai family was influential in the early period, playing a central role in leading the Muslim community in Puliyangudi.

Tenkasi
Tenkasi (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is a Municipality and headquarters of the Tenkasi district in Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Tenkasi is the third largest city in Tenkasi district after Kadayanallur and Sankarankovil.

Being one of the most significant spiritual and cultural places in South Tamilnadu, Tenkasi houses The Kutraleeshwarar temple (Chitra Sabha), one of the five sabhas of Lord Nataraja, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. Tamil poet Thirikooda Rasappa Kavirayar describes this temple in his poem as “Kutrala Kuravanji” which means 'beauty of Kutralam'. the city also houses the famous TenKasi Viswanathar temple, Sankarankoil temple and Ilangi Kumarar temple.
2008 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota
The 2008 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota took place on Tuesday, November 4, 2008. Voters selected a representative for their single at-large district, who ran on a statewide ballot.

Democratic incumbent Stephanie Herseth Sandlin was challenged by the Republican nominee, businessman and attorney Chris Lien. Neither candidate was opposed in the June 3, 2008 primary. CQ Politics forecasted this race as 'Safe Democrat'. George W. Bush won in this district 60% to 38% for John Kerry in 2004.

As of 2026, this election, along with the simultaneous Senate race, is the last time a Democrat won a statewide election in South Dakota. This also the last time either party won every county in the state in a contested race.

South Dakota's at-large congressional district
South Dakota's at-large congressional district is the sole congressional district for the state of South Dakota. Based on area, it is the fourth largest congressional district in the nation.

The district is currently represented by Dusty Johnson.
Micro combined heat and power
Micro combined heat and power, micro-CHP, μCHP or mCHP is an extension of the idea of cogeneration to the single/multi family home or small office building in the range of up to 50 kW. Usual technologies for the production of heat and power in one common process are e.g. internal combustion engines, micro gas turbines, stirling engines or fuel cells.

Local generation has the potential for a higher efficiency than traditional grid-level generators since it lacks the 8-10% energy losses from transporting electricity over long distances. It also lacks the 10–15% energy losses from heat transport in heating networks due to the difference between the thermal energy carrier (hot water) and the colder external environment.

The most common systems use natural gas as their primary energy source and emit carbon dioxide; nevertheless the effective efficiency of CHP heat production is much higher than of a condensing boiler, and thus reducing emissions and fuel costs.

Microturbine
A microturbine (MT) is a small gas turbine with similar cycles and components to a heavy gas turbine. The MT power-to-weight ratio is better than a heavy gas turbine because the reduction of turbine diameters causes an increase in shaft rotational speed. Heavy gas turbine generators are too large and too expensive for distributed power applications, so MTs are developed for small-scale power like electrical power generation alone or as combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The MT are 25 to 250 kW (34 to 335 hp) gas turbines evolved from piston engine turbochargers, aircraft auxiliary power units (APU) or small jet engines, the size of a refrigerator.
Early turbines of 30–70 kW (40–94 hp) grew to 200–250 kW (270–340 hp).
Air National Guard (Ukraine)
The Air National Guard is the aerial component of the National Guard of Ukraine tasked with all aviation related operations of the National Guard. It was established in 1992 and has seen combat during the Transnistrian war, War in Donbass and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It operates a variety of rotary wing, fixed wing and unmanned aircraft. Headquartered in Oleksandriia.

Oleksandriia
Oleksandriia (Ukrainian: Олександрія, IPA: [oleksɐnˈd⁽ʲ⁾r⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ] ⓘ) is a city in Kirovohrad Oblast, central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Oleksandriia Raion and Oleksandriia urban hromada. Oleksandriia is located within the Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area.

In 2001, it had a population of 93,357, and including the villages (selo) and urban type settlements in the city municipality a population of 103,856. In 2022, it had a population of 76,097.
Trần Quốc Toản
Marquis Hoài Văn, better known as Trần Quốc Toản (chữ Hán: 陳國瓚), born 1267 (fl. 1267–1285), was a marquis of the Trần dynasty who was well known for his active role in the second war of resistance of Đại Việt against the Mongol invasion. Although there were only a few historical records about Trần Quốc Toản, he is still widely known as an example of patriotism in Vietnam while he participated and ultimately sacrificed himself for the country at a very young age. Today, story about Trần Quốc Toản is taught in Vietnamese schoolbooks and many places in Vietnam are named in honour of this young hero.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.
2019 Saudi Super Cup
The 2019 Saudi Super Cup was the sixth edition of the Saudi Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Saudi Pro League and King Cup competitions.

The match was played on 4 January 2020 between Al-Nassr, the winners of the 2018–19 Saudi Pro League, and Al-Taawoun, the winners of the 2019 King Cup.

It was the first edition of the Saudi Super Cup to be held at the King Abdullah Stadium in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Al-Nassr won 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw at the end of extra time, claiming their first Saudi Super Cup title.

King Abdullah Sports City Stadium
King Abdullah Sports City Stadium (Arabic: مدينة الملك عبدالله الرياضية), known as Alinma Stadium due to sponsorship reasons, also nicknamed the Shining Jewel (Arabic: الجوهرة المشعة, romanized: al-Jawhara Al-Moshe'ah) or simply the Jewel, is a multi-purpose stadium and the main stadium of the sports city located 30 kilometers north of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It currently has the highest seating capacity of any stadium in Saudi Arabia, but this will be surpassed by King Fahd Sports City Stadium in Riyadh once renovations there are complete.
2005 Telus Cup
The 2005 Telus Cup was Canada's 27th annual national midget 'AAA' hockey championship, played April 18–24, 2005 at the Robert Guertin Arena in Gatineau, Quebec.  The Saskatoon Contacts defeated the host L'Intrépide de Gatineau 4–1 in the gold medal game to win the national title.  National Hockey League defencemen Luke Schenn and Eric Gryba were members of the Contacts' championship team.

At the start of the 2004-05 hockey season, Telus signed on as a premier sponsor of Hockey Canada.  As a result of the sponsorship agreement, the national midget championship was named the Telus Cup.  Until 2003, it had been known as the Air Canada Cup.

Hockey Canada
Hockey Canada (which merged with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1994) is the national governing body of ice hockey and ice sledge hockey in Canada. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and controls the majority of organized ice hockey in Canada. There are some notable exceptions, such as the Canadian Hockey League, U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport), and Canada's professional hockey clubs; the former two are partnered with Hockey Canada but are not member organizations. Hockey Canada is based in Calgary, with a secondary office in Ottawa and regional centres in Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal.
UB-612
UB-612 is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by United Biomedical Asia, and Vaxxinity, Inc.  It is a peptide vaccine.

It is composed of SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD protein and synthetic peptides representing T cell (Th and CTL) epitopes on the nucleocapsid, spike and membrane proteins. The multitope composition is differentiated from other solely spike-protein based vaccines. By recognition against epitopes on Spike (S1-RBD and S2) and non-Spike (N and M) structure proteins, UB-612 provides B-cell and T-cell memory immunity and offers a potential as a universal vaccine to fend off the Omicron variant and new emerging variants of concern. Vaxxinity began seeking regulatory approval for UB-612 for use as a booster vaccine in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2022.

Peptide vaccine
Peptide-based synthetic vaccines (epitope vaccines) are subunit vaccines made from peptides. The peptides mimic the epitopes of the antigen that triggers direct or potent immune responses.  Peptide vaccines can not only induce protection against infectious pathogens and non-infectious diseases but also be utilized as therapeutic cancer vaccines, where peptides from tumor-associated antigens are used to induce an effective anti-tumor T-cell response.
Momu Tsukamoto
Momu Tsukamoto (Japanese: 塚本 望夢, Tsukamoto Momu; born October 6, 2005) is a Japanese kickboxer, currently competing in the RISE promotion.

As of June 2025, he was the #9 ranked -53 kg kickboxer in the world according to Beyond Kickboxing.

RISE (kickboxing)
Extreme Fight Game RISE, known simply as RISE, is a Japanese kickboxing promotion company based in Tokyo. Their name is an abbreviation of "Real Impact Sports Entertainment".

Its main roster showcases ten male and three female weight classes. They also hold the KAMINARIMON events, which are exclusively open to amateur fighters.
Will Tuckett
Will Tuckett (born 1969) is an English director and choreographer, who has created works for many international companies including the Royal Ballet, The National Ballet of Canada, and English National Ballet.

National Ballet of Canada
The National Ballet of Canada is a Canadian ballet company that was founded in 1951 in Toronto, Ontario, with Celia Franca, the first artistic director. A company of 70 dancers with its own orchestra, the National Ballet has been led since 2022 by artistic director Hope Muir. Renowned for its diverse repertoire, the company performs traditional full-length classics, embraces contemporary work and encourages the creation of new ballets, as well as the development of Canadian dancers and choreographers.

The company's repertoire includes works by Sir Frederick Ashton, George Balanchine, John Cranko, Rudolf Nureyev, John Neumeier, William Forsythe, James Kudelka, Wayne McGregor, Alexei Ratmansky, Crystal Pite, Christopher Wheeldon, Aszure Barton, Guillaume Côté and Robert Binet. The National Ballet tours in Canada and internationally, with appearances in London, Paris, Hamburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg, New York City, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, and San Francisco.
Martino Abellana
Martino Abellana (1914–1988), known as "Noy Tinong",  was a renowned Cebuano painter from Carcar. Dubbed "The Dean of Cebuano Painters", he was born to an artistic family. His main influence was his father, who was a school principal and a sculptor. Martino, along with his four brothers, including renowned sculptor and composer Dr. Ramon Abellana, were exposed to art early, and they helped their father with his sculptures.

Carcar
Carcar, officially the City of Carcar (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Carcar; Filipino: Lungsod ng Carcar), is a component city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 140,308 people.
John McNeill (Australian politician)
John James McNeill (1868 – 14 June 1943) was an Australian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and served two terms in the House of Representatives (1922–1925, 1929–1931), representing the Division of Wannon in Victoria. He was Minister for Health and Minister for Repatriation from 1931 to 1932, holding office in the government of his brother-in-law James Scullin.

Minister for Veterans' Affairs
The Minister for Veterans' Affairs is an Australian Government position. In the Government of Australia, the minister oversees income support, compensation, care and commemoration programs for more than 400,000 veterans and their widows, widowers and dependants; and administers the portfolio through the Department of Veterans' Affairs. Since 2017 the office has been held in conjunction with the Minister for Defence Personnel.
Episcopal Church in North Texas
The Episcopal Church in North Texas was a diocese of the Episcopal Church from 1982 to its merger with the Diocese of Texas in 2022.  The diocese included a geographic area of 24 counties in the north central part of Texas. As of 2021, it includes 13 churches, including a number of other congregations in the process of reorganization. The jurisdiction was the site of a major schism in 2008. This schism was the result of the diocese's bishop, Jack Iker, leading the majority of clergy and parishes to join the Anglican Church of North America as the Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth. The Episcopal Church diocese is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It announced on April 22, 2022, that it would seek reunion with the Episcopal Diocese of Texas. The merger was finalized by the 80th General Convention of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America on July 11, 2022.

Jack Iker
Jack Leo Iker SSC (August 31, 1949 – October 5, 2024) was an American Anglican bishop. From 1995 to 2019, he was the third bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth. In this capacity, he was a leading figure in the Anglican realignment, overseeing the departure of the Diocese of Fort Worth from the Episcopal Church in 2008 and co-founding the Anglican Church in North America. He was also a leading figure in American Anglo-Catholicism and an opponent of women's ordination to the priesthood.
Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng
Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng FGA (born 1949) is a Ghanaian physician and cardiothoracic surgeon who established the National Cardiothoracic Center in Accra, Ghana. He is also the president of the Ghana Heart Foundation and was the chief executive officer of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra.

A well-known figure in his country, Frimpong-Boateng was elected a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences in December 2002.

Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) is a public teaching hospital located in Ablekuma South district, Greater Accra Region, Ghana. It was established in 1923. It is the only public tertiary hospital in the southern part of the country. It is a teaching hospital affiliated with the medical school of the University of Ghana. In 2019, the hospital gained a licence from the Health Facilities Regulatory Agency (HeFRA), after meeting the requirement.