hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tacitus Trap
Tacitus Trap is a political theory named after Roman historian Tacitus, which describes a situation where an unpopular government is hated no matter what it does and whether it is right or wrong. The theory was brought up in a 2007 book by Professor Pan Zhichang from the School of Journalism and Communication at Nanjing University. In the book, he quoted Tacitus' remark on Galba, an unpopular emperor of Rome, to explain the recurrent declines of the Chinese dynasties throughout the history: "When a government is unpopular, either good policies or bad policies tell against the government itself." Since China’s top leader and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's use of the term in 2014, it has become increasingly popular in journalism and academia in China. State-run media in China, such as People's Daily online, noted Xi Jinping's worries about the Tacitus Trap, Thucydides Trap and the middle-income trap.

Nanjing University
Nanjing University (NJU) is a public university in Nanjing and Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is affiliated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. The university is a member of the C9 League.

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.

Nanjing University has four campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing, the Pukou campus in the Pukou District of Nanjing, and the Suzhou campus in the city of Suzhou.
Subbu Panchu
Subramaniam Panchu Arunachalam, credited as Subbu Panchu or P. Ar. Subramaniam (born 20 November 1969), is an Indian actor and film producer. Son of noted writer-producer Panchu Arunachalam, Subbu first appeared as a child artist in the Malayalam film Daisy, before working in the production department of his father's P. A. Art Productions. He returned to acting with the television series Arasi and shot to fame following his performance in the 2010 comedy film Boss Engira Bhaskaran. Subbu has occasionally worked as a voice actor and choreographer as well.

Daisy (1988 film)
Daisy is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language musical-romance film depicting teenage love, separation, and longing set in a boarding school in Ooty. It was written and directed by Prathap K. Pothan. It stars Harish and Sonia, along with Lakshmi and Kamal Haasan in pivotal roles. The screenplay was written by Prathap Pothan and the dialogues were written by Khalid. Daisy was one of the highest grossing Malayalam films of 1988. The film is mainly centralized on teenagers; it took nine years in Malayalam cinema to overcome this record with teens, which is Aniyathipravu.
Shimenolepis
Shimenolepis granifera is an extinct yunnanolepid placoderm from the Xiaoxi Formation, Li County, Hunan, China. Its age is discussed, while originally considered as late Llandovery, it is later considered to belong to the Ludlow Epoch instead. It was the first described Silurian placoderm, and was the earliest known placoderm until Xiushanosteus was described, known from distinctively ordered plates.

Xiushanosteus
Xiushanosteus is a genus of placoderm from the Huixingshao Formation of China. It contains one species, Xiushanosteus mirabilis. It is one of the earliest known jawed vertebrates, at roughly 435 million years old. Xiushanosteus is known from around 20 specimens, most of which are complete.
Emily Edwards
Emily Edwards (October 7, 1888– February 16, 1980) was a co-founder and first president of the San Antonio Conservation Society. She was an artist, historian and teacher, and a lifelong friend of Diego Rivera. She is remembered as being a key figure in preventing the paving over of the part of the San Antonio River that is now known as the San Antonio River Walk.

San Antonio River
The San Antonio River is a major waterway that originates in central Texas in a cluster of springs in midtown San Antonio, about 4 miles north of downtown, and follows a roughly southeastern path through the state.  It eventually feeds into the Guadalupe River about 10 miles from San Antonio Bay on the Gulf of Mexico.  The river is 240 miles long and crosses five counties:  Bexar, Goliad, Karnes, Refugio, and Wilson.
Daniel de la Vierge-Marie
Daniel de la Vierge-Marie (1615-1678), whose name was Latinized as Daniel a Virgin Maria, was a Flemish Carmelite, author of spiritual pamphlets in Flemish and Latin, but above all a historian and hagiographer of his order, within the Touraine Reform.

Peter Thomas (saint)
Peter Thomas, OCarm (1305–1366), also known as Petrus de Thomas or Pierre de Thomas, was a French Carmelite friar, preacher, and teacher. He was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions by the Holy See. Thomas was canonized by Pope Urban VIII in 1628.
Central Elevated Walkway
The Central Elevated Walkway is an extensive footbridge network spanning Admiralty, Central and parts of Sheung Wan, near Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong.

The system was built in phases by the Hong Kong Government and various developers, such as Hongkong Land, Jardine Matheson Holdings and Shun Tak Holdings. It has escalators and staircases for access. Parts of it are air-conditioned. There is another system in Admiralty that is currently not connected to the Central system.

Sheung Wan
Sheung Wan (Chinese: 上環) is an area in Hong Kong, located in the north-west of Hong Kong Island, between Central and Sai Ying Pun. Administratively, it is part of the Central and Western District. The name can be variously interpreted as Upper District (occupying relatively high ground compared to Central and Wan Chai), or Gateway District (perhaps a reference to the location where the British first entered and occupied Hong Kong).
Ndleleni Duma
Ndleleni Moses Duma (26 August 1958 – 23 November 2018) was a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the North West Provincial Legislature until his death in 2018. He also served in the National Assembly between 2009 and 2014. He was a Member of the North West Executive Council from 2004 to 2009 during the premiership of Edna Molewa; during the same period, he was convicted on theft charges in connection with his involvement in the Travelgate scandal during an earlier period of service in the national Parliament.

A former anti-apartheid activist, Duma was a prominent figure in the ANC of the North West Province. He was the inaugural Provincial Secretary of the North West ANC between 1994 and 1998, under Chairperson Popo Molefe, and later deputised Supra Mahumapelo as Deputy Provincial Secretary from 2005 to 2008. He served on the ANC National Executive Committee from 2007 to 2012.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Iniyum Kaanaam
Iniyum Kaanaam is a 1979 Indian Malayalam-language film,  directed by Charles Ayyampally and produced by S. S. R. Thambidurai. The film stars Prem Nazir, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Ushakumari and Alummoodan. The film has musical score by M. S. Viswanathan.

M. S. Viswanathan
Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (24 June 1928 – 14 July 2015), also known as M.S.V., was an Indian music director, singer and actor who predominantly worked in Tamil film industry. Popularly known by the sobriquet "Mellisai Mannar" (transl. King of Melody), he composed songs for more than 800 Indian films and various albums across languages primarily in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films. He has also acted and sung in a few Tamil films. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu J Jayalalithaa conferred the "Thirai Isai Chakravarthy" (transl. The Emperor of Cine Music) title on him in August 2012 and presented him with 60 gold coins and a new car.

Viswanathan composed film music together with composer and violinist T. K. Ramamoorthy from the 1950s to 1965, as Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy for 100 Films. He independently composed for 700 films from 1965 to 2015.
2013 Balochistan provincial election
Provincial elections were held in the  Pakistani province of Balochistan on 11 May 2013, alongside nationwide general elections and three other provincial elections in Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and  Punjab. The remaining two territories of Pakistan, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, were ineligible to vote due to their disputed status.

Administrative units of Pakistan
Pakistan is administratively divided into four provinces, one federal territory, and two disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan. As part of the Kashmir conflict with neighbouring India, Pakistan has also claimed sovereignty over the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since the First Kashmir War of 1947–1948. It also has a territorial dispute with India over Junagadh, but has never exercised administrative authority over either regions. All of Pakistan's provinces and territories are subdivided into divisions, which are further subdivided into districts, and then tehsils, which are again further subdivided into union councils.
Mark Messner
Mark W. Messner (born December 29, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) during the 1989 season. He sustained a serious knee injury in the 1989-90 NFC Championship Game against the San Francisco 49ers and never played in another game.

Messner played college football at the University of Michigan. He started every game, 49 in all, at defensive tackle for Michigan from 1985 to 1988.  He was the first position player ever to be selected as a first-team All-Big Ten Conference player all four years.

Messner was also a four-time All-American, earning third-team selections in 1985 and 1986, first-team in 1987, and unanimous honors in 1987.

He set still holds Michigan records for quarterback sacks in a game (5), career tackles for loss (70), and career sacks (36). He was inducted into the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor in 2014.

1989–90 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1989 season began on December 31, 1989. The postseason tournament concluded with the San Francisco 49ers defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXIV, 55–10, on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.

This was the last season in which the NFL used a 10-team playoff format. The league would expand the playoffs to 12 teams next season. This is also the last time in which two teams from the same division could not face each other in the Divisional Round.

This season featured only three teams that failed to make the previous season's postseason. The New York Giants, who were eliminated on the final day of the 1988 season, rebounded to win a division title, while the Denver Broncos and Pittsburgh Steelers recovered from disappointing seasons.
Refugee Education Council
The Refugee Education Council is a Government of Canada advisory body that works to include the voices of refugees in refugee-education programs.

It was founded in 2021 as part of wider attempts by the Government of Canada to include refugees in decision making. The creation of the group has been described by OpenCanada as "promising" and was welcomed by Right to Play.

In 2022, the group presented a manifesto to further increase inclusion.

Canadian International Council
The Canadian International Council (CIC; French: Conseil international du Canada) is a Canadian think tank on foreign relations. Its stated goal is to strengthen Canada's role in international affairs, considering issues across academic disciplines, policy areas, and economic sectors.

The council is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, with 19 branches across Canada, which organize speaker programs, study groups, conferences, and seminars. It has also established a pan-Canadian Young Professionals Network.
Piketberg (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Piketberg was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. It covered a rural area centred on its namesake town and mountain range. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

House of Assembly (South Africa)
The House of Assembly (known in Afrikaans as the Volksraad, or "People's Council") was the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa from 1910 to 1981, the sole parliamentary chamber between 1981 and 1984, and latterly the white representative house of the Tricameral Parliament from 1984 to 1994, when it was replaced by the current National Assembly. Throughout its history, it was composed exclusively of white members who were elected to office predominantly by white citizens, though until 1960 and 1970, respectively, some Black Africans and Coloureds in the Cape Province voted under a restricted form of suffrage.

The old House of Assembly chamber was severely damaged in a fire in January 2022.
Gerald S. Graham
Gerald Sandford Graham (born 27 April 1903 in Sudbury, Ontario – died 5 July 1988 St Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex) was Rhodes Professor of Imperial History at King's College London from 1949 until his retirement in 1970. He earned a world reputation for his series of in-depth studies of the interrelationship between sea power and the development of the British empire.

In 1929, Graham married Winifred Emily Ware (1907–1990), with whom he had a son. They divorced in 1950 and he married Constance Mary Greey, with whom he had two daughters and a son.

St Leonards-on-Sea
St Leonards-on-Sea (commonly known as St Leonards) is a town and seaside resort in the borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. It has been part of the borough since the late 19th century and lies to the west of central Hastings. The original part of the settlement was laid out in the early 19th century as a new town: a place of elegant houses designed for the well-off; it also included a central public garden, a hotel, an archery, assembly rooms and a church. Today's St Leonards has extended well beyond that original design, although the original town still exists within it.
Nathan Weber
Nathan "Nate" Weber (born
February 1, 1987) is an American bobsledder. He competed in the four-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Weber joined the U.S. Army in 2005, and served with the Special Forces in Niger, Cameroon and Afghanistan. In 2012, he started training as a bobsled pusher, in Lake Placid, New York, motivated by the American bobsledder Justin Olsen. He is currently in the U.S. Army World Class Athlete Program.

Justin Olsen
Justin Bradley Olsen (born April 16, 1987) is an American bobsledder who has competed since 2008. He won two medals at the 2009 FIBT World Championships in Lake Placid, New York, with a gold in the four-man and a bronze in the mixed team events. Olsen's best event bobsleigh World Cup finish was second on three occasions in 2008–09. Olsen won a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics in the four-man bobsled with driver Steve Holcomb.

He is a native of San Antonio, Texas, and a graduate of Sandra Day O'Connor High School.

Following a groin injury in June 2013 which left Olsen out of training for two months, he was later replaced on his original four-man bobsled team for the 2013–2014 season.  His new team, composed of him, Nick Cunningham, Johnny Quinn, and Dallas Robinson, finished twelfth at the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Bombil and Beatrice
Bombil & Beatrice is an Indian English language romantic thriller film directed by Kaizad Gustad. Presented by Medient in association with Crossover Joint Ventures & Quest Films Limited, the film stars Katie McGuinness, Prashant Narayanan and Piyush Mishra in lead roles. The film was released at the Cannes film festival in 2007.

Piyush Mishra
Piyush Mishra (born as Priyakant Sharma; 13 January 1962) is an Indian actor, singer, lyricist, playwright, musician, and screenwriter. Mishra grew up in Sambhal, and graduated from National School of Drama, Delhi in 1986. Thereafter, he started his career in Hindi theatre in Delhi. Over the next decade, he established himself as a theatre director, actor, lyricist and singer. He moved to Mumbai in 2002, receiving acclaim for his acting in Maqbool (2003) and Gangs of Wasseypur (2012).

As a film lyricist and singer, he is noted for his songs "Arre Ruk Ja Re Bandeh" in Black Friday (2004), "Aarambh Hai Prachand" in Gulaal (2009), "Ik Bagal" in Gangs of Wasseypur - Part 1 (2012), and "Husna" in Coke Studio (2012).
Linda Hartley-Clark
Linda Hartley-Clark (born 28 December 1967) is an Australian actress, known for her role as Kerry Bishop on the Australian soap opera Neighbours from 1989 to 1990. She had early lead roles in Cornflakes for Tea, The Bush Gang, and Home, before appearing in The Flying Doctors miniseries as Diana Daniels, and Prisoner as Roach Waters in 1986.

The Flying Doctors
The Flying Doctors is an Australian drama TV series produced by Crawford Productions that revolves around the everyday lifesaving efforts of the Royal Flying Doctor Service, starring Andrew McFarlane as the newly arrived Dr. Tom Callaghan.

The series started as a 1985 mini-series set in the fictional outback town of Cooper's Crossing (Minyip in north-western rural Victoria), and originally ran for over seven years. Several early online episode listings split the 221 episodes into six seasons, however the National Film and Sound Archive confirms nine. Crawford Productions have released the show in DVD and on streaming in ten seasons (including the 13 episodes of the 1992 spin-off R.F.D.S.).

The series' episodes were mostly self-contained medical dramas, but also explored social issues, such as domestic violence, alcohol abuse, and the struggles faced by Indigenous Australians.
1942 Massachusetts elections
The 1942 Massachusetts general election was held on November 3, 1942, throughout Massachusetts. Primary elections took place on September 15.

At the federal level, Republican Incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. was reelected to the United States Senate over Democratic U.S. Representative Joseph E. Casey and Republicans won ten of fourteen seats in the United States House of Representatives.

In the race for Governor, Republican incumbent Leverett Saltonstall defeated Democrat Roger Putnam. Overall, Republicans won four of the six elected state-wide offices and both houses of the Massachusetts General Court.

Roger Putnam
Roger Lowell Putnam (December 19, 1893 – November 24, 1972) was an American politician and businessman. A member of the prominent Lowell family of Boston, he served as mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts, from 1937 until 1943, and as director of the Economic Stabilization Administration from 1951 until 1952. During his short tenure in federal office, the nation's steelworkers struck—leading United States President Harry S. Truman to seize the nation's steel mills.

For 40 years, Putnam was also the sole trustee of the Lowell Observatory. During that time, he purchased three new telescopes for the observatory and was instrumental in pushing Lowell astronomers to search for Percival Lowell's theoretical "Planet X"—which led to the discovery of Pluto in 1930.
Katie Cronin
Katie Cronin (born September 9, 1977) is a former American professional basketball player and coach who played one season in the WNBA for the Chicago Sky. She played college basketball at Colorado State. She also spent 2 years coaching  as an assistant for Seton Hall and  Santa Clara.

Colorado State Rams women's basketball
The Colorado State Rams women's basketball team represents Colorado State University, located in Fort Collins, in the U.S. state of Colorado, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They play their home games at the Moby Arena and are members of the Mountain West Conference. They are led by head coach Ryun Williams.
South Harwich station
South Harwich station was a train station located in South Harwich, Massachusetts. Built in 1887, it was a small wooden structure.

The Chatham Railroad opened between Harwich and Chatham on November 21, 1887. It was immediately leased by the Old Colony Railroad, which controlled all rail lines on Cape Cod, as its Chatham Branch. The Old Colony was leased by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1893.

Passenger service on the Chatham Branch ended in 1931; it was the first line on Cape Cod to lose service. Freight service continued until the line was abandoned in 1937. The stations were sold to private individuals; all but Chatham were eventually demolished.

Harwich station (Massachusetts)
Harwich station was a railway station located in Harwich, Massachusetts. It opened in 1865 and closed in 1940. The station was the junction between the Cape Cod Railroad mainline and the Chatham Branch.
Renaldo and Clara
Renaldo and Clara is a 1978 American film directed by Bob Dylan and starring Bob Dylan, Sara Dylan and Joan Baez. Written by Dylan and Sam Shepard, the film incorporates three distinct film genres: concert footage, documentary interviews, and dramatic fictional vignettes reflective of Dylan's song lyrics and life.

Filmed in the fall of 1975 prior to and during Bob Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue tour, the film features appearances and performances by Phil Ochs, Ronee Blakley, T-Bone Burnett, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Allen Ginsberg, Arlo Guthrie, Ronnie Hawkins, Roger McGuinn, Joni Mitchell, Mick Ronson, Arlen Roth, Sam Shepard, Anne Waldman, and Harry Dean Stanton. Renaldo and Clara was released in its original four-hour form on January 25, 1978, in the United States. Its limited release in theaters in New York City, Los Angeles, and other cities was discontinued after a few weeks following widespread negative reviews.

Harry Dean Stanton
Harry Dean Stanton (July 14, 1926 – September 15, 2017) was an American actor. In a career that spanned more than six decades, Stanton played supporting roles in films including Cool Hand Luke (1967), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Dillinger (1973), The Godfather Part II (1974), Alien (1979), Escape from New York (1981), Christine (1983), Repo Man (1984), One Magic Christmas (1985), Pretty in Pink (1986), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), Wild at Heart (1990), The Straight Story (1999), The Green Mile (1999), The Man Who Cried (2000), Alpha Dog (2006), Inland Empire (2006), Rango (2011), The Avengers (2012), and Seven Psychopaths (2012). He had rare lead roles in Paris, Texas (1984) and Lucky (2017).
Om Shanti Om (album)
Om Shanti Om is a live album by multi-instrumentalist Don Cherry. It was recorded in 1976 at RAI Studios in Rome, Italy, for television broadcast, and was released in 2020 by Black Sweat Records. On the album, Cherry is heard on pocket trumpet, ngoni, kora, and flute, and is joined by Naná Vasconcelos on berimbau, Gian Piero Pramaggiore on guitar, and his wife Moki Cherry on tambura.

Moki Cherry
Moki Cherry (born Monika Marianne Karlsson; 8 February 1943 – 29 August 2009) was a Swedish interdisciplinary artist and designer who worked in textiles, fashion design, woodworks, painting, collage, ceramics, and set design. Her practice traversed the worlds of art, music, and theater with diverse influences such as Indian art and music, Tibetan Buddhism, fashion, traditional folk arts and dress, abstraction, cartoons, and pop art. From 1977 she split her time living between Tågarp, Sweden and Long Island City in New York. Moki collaborated with her husband, the American jazz trumpeter, Don Cherry, throughout her lifetime – they performed in concerts as Organic Music, where her artworks were also displayed, and ran workshops for children. Her designs also appeared on Don's album covers and as costumes worn by him in concert.