hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William A. Massey (mathematician)
William Alfred Massey is an American mathematician and operations researcher, the Edwin S. Wilsey Professor of Operations Research and Financial Engineering at Princeton University. He is an expert in queueing theory.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Banque Franco-Japonaise
The Banque Franco-Japonaise (BFJ) (Japanese: 日仏銀行, Hepburn: Nichi-Futsu Ginkō, lit. 'French-Japanese Bank') was a mid-sized bank headquartered in Paris, France. It was founded in 1912 with intent to pursue common projects with Japanese stakeholders in Asia, especially in China.: 4  Its Japanese activities were liquidated in 1945, whereas the French entity, renamed Crédit Parisien in 1954,: 1  eventually formed the kernel of the banking subsidiary of Axa.

Axa
Axa S.A. is a French multinational insurance corporation headquartered in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. It also provides investment management and other financial services via its subsidiaries. As of 2024, it is the fourth largest financial services company by revenue in France, and the 8th largest French company.

The Axa Group operates primarily in Western Europe, North America, South America, the Indian Pacific region, and the Middle East, with a presence in Africa as well. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In 2023, the company was ranked 48th in the Forbes Global 2000.
Shawn Daniels (Canadian football)
Shawn Daniels (born September 3, 1966) is a Canadian former professional football fullback who played fourteen seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Ottawa Rough Riders, Calgary Stampeders, Edmonton Eskimos and Toronto Argonauts. He was selected by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the third round of the 1988 CFL draft. He played college football at Bowling Green State University.

1988 CFL draft
The 1988 CFL draft composed of eight rounds where 64 Canadian football players were chosen from eligible Canadian universities and Canadian players playing in the NCAA. This was the first draft not to feature a Montreal franchise, as the Alouettes had folded just before the start of the 1987 regular season. This was also the first national draft to feature only eight teams.
Sentir
"Sentir" is a song recorded by Cuban recording artist Jon Secada for his debut self-titled studio album and for his debut Spanish-language album Otro Día Más Sin Verte (1992). It was released in 1993 as the fourth single from his Spanish-language album. The Spanish version peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart, making Secada the first Hispanic artist to do so. It was composed by Secada, Miguel Morejon, and Joseph Stefano, while Emilio Estefan Jr. produced the piece.

Hot Latin Songs
The Billboard Hot Latin Songs (formerly Hot Latin Tracks and Hot Latin 50) is a record chart in the United States for Latin songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Since October 2012, chart rankings are based on digital sales, radio airplay, and online streaming, and only predominantly Spanish-language songs are allowed to rank. The chart was established by the magazine on September 6, 1986, and was originally based on airplay on Latin music radio stations. Although the chart predominantly allows Spanish-language songs, songs in English and Portuguese have charted.

The first number one song of the Hot Latin Songs chart was "La Guirnalda" by Rocío Dúrcal on September 6, 1986. As of the issue dated February 28, 2026, the chart has had 468 different number one hits, while 192 artists have reached number one (as a lead or a featured act). The current number-one song on the chart is "DTMF" by Bad Bunny.
Salomon (surname)
Salomon is a surname. It originated as a derivative of the Hebrew biblical name Shlomo (also transliterated as Šlomo), for which the conventional latinization has been Solomon or Salomon.

Derivatives may include Salmon, Salman, Salamon and Salomons.

Salomons
Salomons is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Annie Salomons (1885–1980), Dutch writer, poet and translator

Carolien Salomons (born 1974), Dutch cricketer

David Salomons (1797–1873), British banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London

David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons (1851–1925), British author and barrister

Edward Salomons (1828–1906), English architect

Julian Salomons (1835–1909) British-born barrister and politician in Australia

Leopold Salomons (1841–1915), British financier and director

Philip Salomons (1796–1867), English financier, brother of David

Piet Salomons (1924–1948), Dutch water polo player
Ghost Manor
Ghost Manor is a horror video game released by Xonox in 1983 for the Atari 2600 and VIC-20. It was packaged in a double ended cartridge and a cassette tape along with one of three other games in an effort to appeal to budget conscious buyers who would purchase two games for the price of one cartridge and one cassette tape. There was also a more limited release of single ended cartridges and cassette tapes containing Ghost Manor by itself. The double ended cartridges and cassette tapes paired Ghost Manor with the platform game Spike's Peak, the fighting game Chuck Norris Superkicks, and a strategy game called Artillery Duel.

VIC-20
The VIC-20 (known as the VC-20 in Germany and the VIC-1001 in Japan) is an 8-bit entry level home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines. The VIC-20 was announced in September 1980, roughly three years after Commodore's first personal computer, the PET. The VIC-20 was the first computer of any description to sell one million units, eventually reaching 2.5 million. It was described as "one of the first anti-spectatorial, non-esoteric computers by design...no longer relegated to hobbyist/enthusiasts or those with money, the computer Commodore developed was the computer of the future."
Sailors Don't Care (1928 film)
Sailors Don't Care is a 1928 British silent comedy film directed by W. P. Kellino and starring Estelle Brody, John Stuart and Alf Goddard. It was written by Eliot Stannard and Austin J. Small (as "Seamark"), based on a novel by Small.

Estelle Brody
Estelle Brody (15 August 1900 – 3 June 1995) was an American actress who became one of the biggest female stars of British silent film in the latter half of the 1920s. Her career was then derailed by a series of ill-advised decisions and she disappeared from sight for many years before re-emerging between the late 1940s and the 1960s in smaller supporting film and television roles.
Danny Southwick
Daniel Aaron Southwick (born September 28, 1981) is an American professional football quarterback. He played college football for BYU, Oregon State, Dixie State, Utah, and Occidental. He has been a member of the Louisville Fire of the af2; the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL); the Dallas Vigilantes, Tampa Bay Storm, San Jose SaberCats, San Antonio Talons, Chicago Rush, Cleveland Gladiators, Portland Thunder/Steel, Spokane Shock, Los Angeles Kiss, Orlando Predators, Philadelphia Soul, and Columbus Destroyers of the Arena Football League (AFL); the Massachusetts Pirates, Jacksonville Sharks, Jersey Flight, Columbus Lions, and Orlando Predators of the National Arena League (NAL); and the FCF Zappers of Fan Controlled Football (FCF), and the Billings Outlaws of Arena Football One (AF1).

Fan Controlled Football
Fan Controlled Football (FCF) is a dormant professional 7-on-7 indoor football league that played two seasons in 2021 and 2022. The league operated on the premise of fans voting on play calls and other in-game events. All games were played at Pullman Yards in Atlanta, Georgia and broadcast on streaming television. The league previously announced plans to return in 2024.

It was created by Project Fanchise, who established the first fan-controlled professional sports franchise, the Salt Lake Screaming Eagles, and operated the Colorado Crush to play in the Indoor Football League in 2017 before Fanchise pulled both teams out of the league.

Active roster players were paid weekly $400 (before taxes) plus room and board, while coaches were paid $6,700 per month with housing and meal plan.
Cyclotella
Cyclotella is a genus of diatoms often found in oligotrophic environments, both marine and fresh water. It is in the family Stephanodiscaceae and the order Thalassiosirales. The genus was first discovered in the mid-1800s and since then has become an umbrella genus for over 100 different species, the most well-studied and the best known being Cyclotella meneghiniana. Despite being among the most dominant genera in low-productivity environments, it is relatively understudied.

Cyclotella's habitat has traditionally been described as low-productivity mesotrophic or oligotrophic freshwater environments. However, it is unclear whether there is an archetypal aquatic setting for this genus as some species are more cosmopolitan, such as C. meneghiniana, which occurs in warm, nutrient-rich environments as well as low-productivity environments.

Oligotroph
An oligotroph is an organism that can live in an environment that offers very low levels of nutrients. They may be contrasted with copiotrophs, which prefer nutritionally rich environments. Oligotrophs are characterized by slow growth, low rates of metabolism, and generally low population density. Oligotrophic environments are those that offer little to sustain life. These environments include deep oceanic sediments, caves, glacial and polar ice, deep subsurface soil, aquifers, ocean waters, and leached soils.

Examples of oligotrophic organisms are the cave-dwelling olm; the bacterium "Candidatus Pelagibacter communis", which is the most abundant organism in the ocean (with an estimated 2 × 1028 individuals in total); and lichens, with their extremely low metabolic rate.
Agualin
Agualin, sometimes Aguarin or Diego de Aguarin, was a Chamorro chief who led a siege of Hagåtña (1676–1677) on Guam during the Spanish-Chamorro Wars. This was the second of three unsuccessful sieges of the Spanish presidio carried out by Chamorus seeking to eject the colonial presence, with the final widespread violence on Guam in 1683. While Spanish colonial history vilified Agualin as being anti-Christian and anti-civilization, a modern reevaluation reframes Agualin as a champion of CHamoru nationalism.

Hagåtña, Guam
Hagåtña, formerly Agana or Agaña, is a coastal village and the capital of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today, it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government.
Stochastic processes and boundary value problems
In mathematics, some boundary value problems can be solved using the methods of stochastic analysis. Perhaps the most celebrated example is Shizuo Kakutani's 1944 solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator using Brownian motion. However, it turns out that for a large class of semi-elliptic second-order partial differential equations the associated Dirichlet boundary value problem can be solved using an Itō process that solves an associated stochastic differential equation.

Dirichlet problem
In mathematics, a Dirichlet problem asks for a function which solves a specified partial differential equation (PDE) in the interior of a given region that takes prescribed values on the boundary of the region.

The Dirichlet problem can be solved for many PDEs, although originally it was posed for Laplace's equation.  In that case the problem can be stated as follows:

Given a function f that has values everywhere on the boundary of a region in , is there a unique continuous function  twice continuously differentiable in the interior and continuous on the boundary, such that  is harmonic in the interior and  on the boundary?

This requirement is called the Dirichlet boundary condition.  The main issue is to prove the existence of a solution; uniqueness can be proven using the maximum principle.
Instant Armadillo Blues
Instant Armadillo Blues is a two-CD compilation album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage.  Subtitled Best of 1971–1975, it contains songs selected from the first seven New Riders albums.  It was released in Australia on the Raven Records label on November 21, 2011.

The songs on Instant Armadillo Blues were excerpted from New Riders of the Purple Sage (1971), Powerglide (1972), Gypsy Cowboy (1972), The Adventures of Panama Red (1973), Home, Home on the Road (1974), Brujo (1974), and Oh, What a Mighty Time (1975).

Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead plays pedal steel guitar on the first nine tracks of the album. Guest musicians who contribute to individual songs include Mickey Hart, Bill Kreutzmann, Donna Jean Godchaux, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Commander Cody, Nicky Hopkins, and Sly Stone.

The photo on the front cover of the album is from approximately 1975, and depicts, from left to right, David Nelson, John Dawson, Skip Battin, Buddy Cage, and Spencer Dryden.

Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. (/ˈkrɔɪtsmɑːn/ KROYTS-mahn; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued to perform with former members of the Grateful Dead in various lineups, and with his own bands BK3, 7 Walkers and Billy & the Kids.
Kazimierz Łyszczyński
Kazimierz Łyszczyński (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ wɨˈʂt͡ʂɨj̃skʲi]; 4 March 1634  – 30 March 1689), also known in English as Casimir Liszinski, was a Polish nobleman, philosopher, and soldier in the ranks of the Sapieha family, who was accused, tried, and executed for atheism in 1689.

For eight years he studied philosophy as a Jesuit and then became a podsędek (supply judge) in legal cases against the Jesuits concerning estates. He wrote a treatise entitled On the Non-Existence of God and was later executed on charges of atheism. His trial has been criticised and is seen as a case of legalised religious murder in Poland.

Sapieha
The House of Sapieha is a Polish–Lithuanian noble and magnate family of Ruthenian origin, descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk and Polotsk. The family acquired great influence and wealth in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th century.
Ian Goulden
Ian P. Goulden is a Canadian and British mathematician. He works as a professor at the University of Waterloo in the department of Combinatorics and Optimization. He obtained his PhD from the University of Waterloo in 1979 under the supervision of David M. Jackson. His PhD thesis was titled Combinatorial Decompositions in the Theory of Algebraic Enumeration. Goulden is well known for his contributions in enumerative combinatorics such as the Goulden-Jackson cluster method.

Goulden was the dean at the University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics from 2010 to 2015 and served as chair of the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization three times.

University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics
The University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics is one of six faculties of the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, offering more than 500 courses in mathematics, statistics and computer science. The faculty also houses the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, formerly the faculty's computer science department. There are more than 31,000 alumni.
Kristiansund (town)
Kristiansund (US: /ˈkrɪstʃənsʌnd, ˈkrɪstiənsʊn/, Norwegian: [krɪstjɑnˈsʉnː] ⓘ; historically spelled Christianssund and earlier named Fosna) is a town in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of the municipality. The town is located on the islands of Kirklandet, Innlandet, and Nordlandet in the Nordmøre region of the county.

The 8.45-square-kilometre (2,090-acre) town has a population (2024) of 18,337 and a population density of 2,170 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,600/sq mi). Kristiansund is one of the most densely populated cities of Norway, having what is arguably the country's most urban small city centre, due to the relatively small size of the islands on which it is built and the very constricted central harbour/town area of Kirklandet.

Kjøpstad
A kjøpstad (historically kjøbstad, kjöbstad, or kaupstad, from Old Norse: kaupstaðr) is an old Scandinavian term for a "market town" in Denmark–Norway for several hundred years. Kjøpstads were places of trade and exporting materials (e.g. timber, flour, iron and other common goods). Towns were given the "dignity" or rank of being referred to as a kjøpstad when they reached a certain population. They had an established means of industry and other notable items, such as dockyards, steam mills, forges, churches, and grammar schools. The citizens of a kjøpstad could buy and sell goods and conduct other economic activities.
Bai Shan
Bai Shan (白珊) (born on 4 December 1969), is a Chinese actress. She is currently under contract with Yuzheng Studio. She is especially known for her performances in TV dramas. Born in Chengdu, Sichuan, she graduated from Hunan Art School. Some of her best known roles include Consort Bo in Beauty's Rival in Palace (2010), Lu Mingzhu in Beauty World (2011), and Yuegui in Xiao hongyan (2012).

Empress Dowager Bo
Empress Dowager Bo (薄太后), personal name lost to history, was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang). She was also known as Consort Bo (薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen (孝文太后) or (rarer) Empress Gao (高皇后). Despite being a concubine of lower standing, her son, Liu Heng, became Emperor Wen of Han, cementing her place in history. The year of her birth is not known. She died on 9 June 155 BC.

Empress Dowager Bo is formally the first grand empress dowager in Chinese history, as Empress Dowager Lü, the only other empress dowager till then who lived to see her grandson become emperor, never claimed the title.
Ljubo Novaković
Ljubo Novaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Љубо Новаковић; 1883–1943) was a Montenegrin officer in the Royal Yugoslav Army who became a Chetnik commander during World War II. He initially fought for the Chetniks of Draža Mihailović and those of Kosta Pećanac, but became disillusioned with both movements. He went to eastern Bosnia in late 1941, and raised Chetnik bands to fight Yugoslav Partisans there. He was captured by the Partisans in January 1942 and taken to Foča, where he was kept under constant surveillance. Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito likely believed that Novaković could be used to counteract Mihailović's influence among Chetniks in eastern Bosnia. Novaković left Foča with a British mission in April 1942 and returned to Montenegro with the intention of reassembling the disorganized Chetnik formations there. He was killed in late 1943, either by the Partisans or Mihailović's Chetniks.

Foča
Foča (Serbian Cyrillic: Фоча, pronounced [fôtʃa]) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the south-east on the banks of Drina river. As of 2013, the town has a population of 12,234 inhabitants, while the municipality has 18,288 inhabitants.
Foča houses some faculties (including the Medical and Orthodox Theological Faculty of Saint Basil of Ostrog) from the Istočno Sarajevo University. It is also home to the "Seminary of Saint Peter of Sarajevo and Dabar-Bosna", one of seven seminaries in the Serbian Orthodox Church. Foča was, before the ethnic cleansing in 1992-1994, home to one of Bosnia's most important Islamic high schools, the Madrasa of Mehmed Pasha Kukavica. The Sutjeska National Park, which is the oldest National Park in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is located in the municipality.
Parthenope Wald-Harding
Parthenope Ann Wald-Harding (/pɜːrθɛnoʊpiː/) (born 2002), usually credited as Parthenope, is an English musician and singer. She is best known for her cover of Norah Jones's "Don't Know Why", and is a member of Loud LDN.

Loud LDN
Loud LDN is a British collective of female and gender-expansive artists based in London. Formed in May 2022 by Coupdekat and Maisi as a WhatsApp group chat called Ladies Making Noise in London, the chat started off with ten members including Piri and Matilda Cole and later added Caity Baser, Venbee, Issey Cross, Charlotte Plank, and Bshp. The chat expanded into its own Instagram page and eventually into its own events before moving to Discord. One UK Singles Chart in 2023 featured five entries from Loud LDN members.
Hardi Pardaillan!
Hardi Pardaillan! is a 1964 French-Italian adventure film directed by Bernard Borderie and starring Gérard Barray, Valérie Lagrange, Philippe Lemaire, Sophie Hardy, and Guy Delorme. It was also known as The Gallant Musketeer. It is based on a novel by Michel Zévaco.

Philippe Lemaire
Philippe Lemaire (14 March 1927 – 15 March 2004) was a French actor. He appeared in more than 90 films from 1946 to 2004.

Lemaire was married three times; Nicole Pinton (1949–1951) (divorced); Juliette Gréco from 1953 to 1956, had one daughter, Laurence-Marie Lemaire (1954–2016); and to Claude Bouton (1959–1980) (divorced).  He took his own life the day after his 77th birthday throwing himself in front of a Paris metro train.
RSG Philippines
RSG Philippines was a Philippine-based esports team and organization that competes in the Mobile Legends: Bang Bang Professional League in the Philippines. RSG Philippines is a direct-sister team of the Singapore-based RSG Organization.

Minana EVOS
Minana EVOS (MNNE) (formerly known as: Nexplay EVOS and Aether Rift) was a Filipino-based esports team. Starting in 2021, it was the result of joint collaboration of Nexplay and EVOS Esports, with Nexplay bought by Minana in 2023. At the conclusion of MPL-PH Season 13 in 2024, EVOS decided to leave the region, before Minana sold their spot to Russian organization Aurora Gaming. The team was last managed by streamer Setsuna "Dogie" Ignacio.
Big Fork River
The Big Fork River (French: Rivière Grande Fourche; Ojibwe: Baas-achaabaani-ziibi) is a stream in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Starting in the Chippewa National Forest at Dora Lake, it flows for 168 mi (270 km) into the Rainy River.

Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario)
The Rainy River (French: Rivière à la Pluie; Ojibwe: ojiji-ziibi) is a river, approximately 137 miles (220 km) long, forming part of the Canada–United States border separating Northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota.