hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steel City Roller Derby
Steel City Roller Derby or SCRD, is a women's flat-track roller derby league based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Founded in 2006, the league celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2016. Steel City is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Blawenburg, New Jersey
Blawenburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Montgomery Township, in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 280. It is located at the juncture of two large roads, CR 518 and CR 601.

County Route 518 (New Jersey)
County Route 518 (CR 518) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 20.58 miles (33.12 km) from Route 29/Route 165 in Lambertville to Lincoln Highway (Route 27) in Franklin Township. It is also known as the Georgetown Franklin Turnpike.
Yaroslav Amosov
Yaroslav Amosov (born 9 September 1993) is a Ukrainian mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He has previously fought in Bellator MMA, where he is the former Bellator Welterweight Champion. In July 2023, Amosov reached #7 in World Welterweight rankings according to Fight Matrix.

He is a four-time world sambo champion, a two-time European and Eurasia champion, and European Cup winner. Amosov is also the winner of many national and international competitions.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Skaneateles Turnpike
The Skaneateles Turnpike was an east–west turnpike in central New York in the United States. It began east of the village of Skaneateles and ran east across southern Onondaga and Madison counties to Richfield Springs in northern Otsego County. The road began and ended at the Cherry Valley Turnpike, part of the Great Western Turnpike system, and largely paralleled the Cherry Valley Turnpike between Skaneateles and Richfield Springs. Most of the road is now county-maintained, but a handful of sections are now part of New York state touring routes.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Yi Hon (general)
Yi Hon (Korean: 이혼; Hanja: 李渾; 1547–1592) was a Korean military commander active during the mid-Joseon period. A member of the Jeonju Yi clan, he passed the military examination and held posts including Provincial Naval Commander of Right Jeolla and Magistrate of Jeju before becoming Provincial Military Commander of South Hamgyŏng.

At the outset of the Imjin War in 1592, Yi raised loyalist forces in Hamgyŏng and then marched south to reinforce the defence of the capital. At Yangju he joined Yi Yangwŏn and Sin Kak, and their combined army ambushed Japanese troops at Haeyuryŏng, securing Joseon's victory.

Subsequently, returning to Hamgyŏng, Yi was tasked with holding the pass at Ch'ŏllyŏng against Katō Kiyomasa and Mori Katsunobu but failed to halt the advance. Amid the province's collapse and local unrest, he was killed by rebellious residents at Kapsan later in 1592.

Katō Kiyomasa
Katō Kiyomasa (加藤 清正; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.toː (|) kʲi.jo.ma.sa], July 25, 1562 – August 2, 1611) was a Japanese daimyō of the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo periods. His court title was Higo no Kami (肥後守; lit. 'Chief of Higo'). His name as a child was Yashamaru, and first name was Toranosuke. He was one of Hideyoshi's Seven Spears of Shizugatake.
Dana Hall School
The Dana Hall School is an independent boarding and day school for girls in grades 5-12 located in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1881 by Henry F. Durant, Dana Hall originally served as Wellesley College's preparatory program.

Henry Fowle Durant
Henry Fowle Durant (born Henry Welles Smith; February 20, 1822 – October 3, 1881) was an American lawyer and philanthropist, as well as the co-founder, with his wife, Pauline Durant, of Wellesley Female Seminary, which became Wellesley College.
Standard cell
In semiconductor design, standard-cell methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. Standard-cell methodology is an example of design abstraction, whereby a low-level very-large-scale integration (VLSI) layout is encapsulated into an abstract logic representation (such as a NAND gate).

Cell-based methodology – the general class to which standard cells belong – makes it possible for one designer to focus on the high-level (logical function) aspect of digital design, while another designer focuses on the implementation (physical) aspect.  Along with semiconductor manufacturing advances, standard-cell methodology has helped designers scale ASICs from comparatively simple single-function ICs (of several thousand gates), to complex multi-million gate system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices.

Very-large-scale integration
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies. Microprocessors and memory chips are VLSI devices.

Before the introduction of VLSI technology, most ICs had a limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI enables IC designers to add all of these into one chip.
Clodoald
Clodoald (Latin: C(h)lodoaldus, Cloudus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hlōdōwald; 522 – c. 560 AD), better known as Saint Cloud (French: [klu]), was a Merovingian prince, grandson of Clovis I and son of Chlodomer, who preferred to renounce royalty and became a hermit and monk. Clodoald found a hill along the Seine, two leagues below Paris, in a place called Novigentum (the present commune of Saint-Cloud). Here, among the fishermen and farmers, he led a life of solitude and prayer, and built a church, which he dedicated in honor of Martin of Tours.

He is venerated as a saint in both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.

Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus Turonensis; 316/336 – 8 November 397) was the third bishop of Tours. He is the patron saint of many communities and organizations across Europe, including France's Third Republic. A native of Pannonia (present-day Hungary), he converted to Christianity at a young age. He served in the Roman cavalry in Gaul, but left military service prior to 361, when he became a disciple of Hilary of Poitiers, establishing the monastery at Ligugé. He was consecrated as Bishop of Caesarodunum (Tours) in 371. As bishop, he was active in the suppression of the remnants of Gallo-Roman religion.

The contemporary hagiographer Sulpicius Severus wrote a Life of St. Martin. He is best known for the account of his using his sword to cut his cloak in two, to give half to a beggar clad only in rags in winter. His shrine in Tours became an often-frequented stop for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Nilpotent group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Equivalently, it has a central series of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}.

Intuitively, a nilpotent group is a group that is "almost abelian". This idea is motivated by the fact that nilpotent groups are solvable, and for finite nilpotent groups, two elements having relatively prime orders must commute. It is also true that finite nilpotent groups are supersolvable. The concept is credited to work in the 1930s by Russian mathematician Sergei Chernikov.

Nilpotent groups arise in Galois theory, as well as in the classification of groups. They also appear prominently in the classification of Lie groups.

Analogous terms are used for Lie algebras (using the Lie bracket) including nilpotent, lower central series, and upper central series.

Order (group theory)
In mathematics, the order of a finite group is the number of its elements. If a group is not finite, one says that its order is infinite. The order of an element of a group (also called period length or period) is the order of the subgroup generated by the element. If the group operation is denoted as a multiplication, the order of an element a of a group, is thus the smallest positive integer m such that am = e, where e denotes the identity element of the group, and am denotes the product of m copies of a. If no such m exists, the order of a is infinite.

The order of a group G is denoted by ord(G) or |G|, and the order of an element a is denoted by ord(a) or |a|, instead of  where the brackets denote the generated group.

Lagrange's theorem states that for any subgroup H of a finite group G, the order of the subgroup divides the order of the group; that is, |H| is a divisor of |G|. In particular, the order |a| of any element is a divisor of |G|.
Rahul Bachha Sonkar
Rahul Bachha Sonkar is an Indian politician and a member of the 18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly from the Bilhaur Assembly constituency of the Kanpur Nagar district. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly
The Eighteenth Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Eighteenth Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh) is formed by the members elected in the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election. Elections for 403 seats of the state, were conducted in seven phases from 10 February 2022 to 7 March 2022 by the Election Commission of India. The votes were counted and results were declared on 10 March 2022.

Satish Mahana was elected as the speaker of the assembly.
1176 Lucidor
1176 Lucidor, provisional designation 1930 VE, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Eugène Delporte in 1930, who named it after a friend.

Eugène Joseph Delporte
Eugène Joseph Delporte (10 January 1882 – 19 October 1955) was a Belgian astronomer born in Genappe.

He discovered a total of sixty-six asteroids. Notable discoveries include 1221 Amor (which lent its name to the Amor asteroids) and the Apollo asteroid 2101 Adonis. He discovered or co-discovered some comets as well, including periodic comet 57P/du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte. He worked in the Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Belgian Royal Observatory), situated in the town of Uccle (after which the asteroid 1276 Ucclia is named). He started there in 1903 after receiving his doctorate that year from the Free University of Brussels.

In 1930 he published, on behalf of the IAU, a work delineating the modern boundaries between all of the 88 official constellations in the sky, along lines of constant right ascension and declination for the epoch B1875.0.

The Florian asteroid 1274 Delportia (discovered by himself) and the lunar impact crater Delporte were named after him.
Institute of International Relations Prague
The Institute of International Relations Prague (IIR) (Czech: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů Praha) is a public research institution that produces basic and applied scientific research in the field of international relations. Dr. Mats Braun is the director of the IIR. The founder of the IIR is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MFA). The activities of the IIR are financed from the government budget for science, research, and innovation of the Czech Republic, on the basis of horizontal cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, from domestic and international projects, and by sales of its publications. The IIR carries out independent research in the public interest.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (MFACR; Czech: Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky; MZVČR) is a Czech government ministry responsible for international relations of the Czech Republic.

The Ministry is headquartered in Černín Palace, Loretánské náměstí 5, 118, Prague 1, (Hradčany). The Ministry operates the diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic abroad and is responsible for implementing the foreign policy of the Czech Republic and Czech diplomacy efforts.

The Ministry is led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who is nominated by the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Petr Macinka, in office since 15 December 2025.
Antoine Martinez
Antoine Martinez (born January 17, 1948) is a French far-right activist and former general. He is president of the Volontaires pour la France (VPF) party since 2016.

A retired Air Force brigadier general since 2005, he entered politics in 2015. With politician Yvan Blot, he founded Volontaires pour la France, which brings together mainly former military and police officers and defends a radically anti-Islam, anti-immigration and nationalist line. It gained strength after the November 2015 Paris attacks. More radical militants split off in 2017 to form Action des Forces Opérationnelles.

Antoine Martinez gained media notoriety through his participation in “generals' tribunes”, signed alongside Christian Piquemal and Didier Tauzin, which criticized the management of immigration by François Hollande and then by Emmanuel Macron. Martinez is also a member of the National Council of European Resistance, founded by identitarian Renaud Camus and described as pro-Russian.

Christian Piquemal
Christian Piquemal (born 17 December 1940 in Huos (Haute-Garonne)), is a retired army corps general of the French Army and Commandant of the Legion from 1994 to 1999.

At 75, he was struck off the generals of the 2nd section for breaching the duty of reserve and loyalty after participating in a far-right political demonstration in 2016 around the Calais Jungle (the statute of soldiers in France provides that they are subject to a strict obligation of reserve).

In 2021, he is one of the signatories of a controversial letter from former generals and retired military personnel.
Book of Common Prayer (1552)
The 1552 Book of Common Prayer, also called the Second Prayer Book of Edward VI, was the second version of the Book of Common Prayer (BCP) and contained the official liturgy of the Church of England from November 1552 until July 1553. The first Book of Common Prayer was issued in 1549 as part of the English Reformation, but Protestants criticised it for being too similar to traditional Roman Catholic services. The 1552 prayer book was revised to be explicitly Reformed in its theology.

During the reign of Mary I, Roman Catholicism was restored, and the prayer book's official status was repealed. When Elizabeth I reestablished Protestantism as the official religion,  the 1559 Book of Common Prayer—a revised version of the 1552 prayer book—was issued as part of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. It was this pattern which formed the basis for the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, which remains the official liturgical book of the Church of England.

First Statute of Repeal
The First Statute of Repeal was an act of the Parliament of England (1 Mar. Sess. 2. c. 2), passed in 1553 in the first Parliament of Mary I's reign, that nullified all religious legislation passed under the previous monarch, the boy-king Edward VI, and the de facto rulers of that time, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, and John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland.
Mammadrafi Mammadov
Mammadrafi Ismayil oghlu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Məmmədrəfi İsmayıl oğlu Məmmədov) was Minister of Defense of Azerbaijan from September 2, 1993 until February 6, 1995. Mammadov served as minister during the period of fierce fighting on the Karabakh front.

Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Müdafiə Nazirliyi) or MN is an Azerbaijani government agency that is associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan (for example, Azerbaijan's contribution to the war on terror), and the surveillance of the Azerbaijani sector of the Caspian Sea sea and airspace. The Minister of Defence is appointed and removed from the post by the Commander-in-chief of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, the President of Azerbaijan.

The ministry building is located in Baku, at 3 Parliament Avenue.
Vilma Rojas
Vilma Eliana Rojas Alfaro (born 1 February 1932) is a Chilean politician affiliated with the Communist Party of Chile.

She served as Deputy for the 2nd Departmental Group (Antofagasta, Tocopilla, El Loa, and Taltal) beginning in May 1973. Her term was cut short by the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile, PCCh) is a communist party in Chile. It was founded in 1912 as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) and adopted its current name in 1922. The party established a youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC), in 1932.
HMS Sepoy (1918)
HMS Sepoy was an S-class destroyer, which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War and the Russian Civil War. Sepoy was launched in 1918 and initially joined the Grand Fleet. After the Armistice that ended the First World War,  the ship was briefly transferred to the Reserve Fleet before sailing to Tallinn in 1919 as part of the Royal Navy response to the fighting there. Sepoy rejoined the Reserve Fleet at the end of the year. In 1922, the destroyer served in the Mediterranean Sea. The ship was later allocated to the naval base in Hong Kong, arriving in 1929. During exercises the following year, a depth charge  explosion killed six sailors. The destroyer was also damaged. Following the signing of the London Naval Treaty a few days later, Sepoy returned to the United Kingdom and, in 1932, was sold to be broken up at Newport, Wales.

HMS Tamar (shore station)
HMS Tamar (Chinese: 添馬艦) was the name for the British Royal Navy's base in Hong Kong from 1897 to 1997. It took its name from HMS Tamar, a ship that was used as the base until replaced by buildings ashore.
Gimnasia y Esgrima (basketball)
The Gimnasia y Esgrima basketball section is part of the Argentine sports club Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata. The  professional senior team currently competes in La Liga Argentina de Básquet (former "Torneo Nacional de Ascenso"), the second division of Argentine basketball league system.

Gimnasia y Esgrima plays its home venues at Polideportivo Víctor Nethol, a multi-purpose stadium with capacity of 3,000.

La Liga Argentina de Básquet
The La Liga Argentina de Básquet (abbreviated "LLA", and literally in English "The Argentine Basketball League"), previously known as the Torneo Nacional de Ascenso (abbreviated "TNA", and literally in English "National Promotion Tournament") is the second division of the Argentine basketball league system. The La Liga's predecessor is the Torneo Federal de Básquetbol, which became the third division when the LLA was created in 1992.
Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.

Metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough (or metropolitan district) is a type of local government district in England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts within metropolitan counties. All of the metropolitan districts have been granted or regranted royal charters giving them borough status (and in some cases, they also have city status). Metropolitan boroughs have been effectively unitary authority areas since the abolition of metropolitan county councils by the Local Government Act 1985. Metropolitan boroughs pool much of their authority in joint boards and other arrangements that cover whole metropolitan counties, such as local enterprise partnerships and combined authorities, with most of the latter having a directly elected metropolitan mayor.
Dave Lee (jazz musician)
Dave Lee (born David Cyril Aarons, 12 August 1926) is an English jazz pianist, and a former orchestra leader, music arranger, songwriter and film composer.

In a varied musical career, he wrote the hit song "Goodness Gracious Me", was the resident musician on That Was the Week That Was, wrote the score for the movie The Masque of the Red Death (1964), had a hit jazz album in the US, and was a resident fixture in early episodes of The Avengers. Later in life he was instrumental in founding 102.2 Jazz FM.

John Dankworth
Sir John Phillip William Dankworth (20 September 1927 – 6 February 2010) was an English jazz composer, saxophonist, clarinettist and writer of film scores. With his wife, jazz singer Dame Cleo Laine, he was a music educator and also her music director.
Battle of Santa Vittoria
The Battle of Santa Vittoria was an encounter battle or skirmish in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna on 26 July 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession between a French force under Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme and an Imperial cavalry detachment under General Annibal Visconti.

Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme
Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, often simply called Vendôme (1 July 1654 – 11 June 1712) was a French general and Marshal of France. He was one of Louis XIV's most successful commanders in the War of the Grand Alliance and War of the Spanish Succession.

Vendôme joined the French Army and was promoted Lieutenant General in 1688 after his distinguished combat record in the Franco-Dutch War. Further successes entitled him to his first army command in 1695, and soon after, he was rewarded with a promotion to Marshal of France.

Vendôme was one of the most aggressive and successful French army commanders during the wars of Louis XIV. His charisma, courage and skill won him the loyalty of his troops and the Spanish crown for the House of Bourbon.