hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kapalkundala (1981 film)
Kapalkundala is a 1981 Bengali drama film directed and produced by Pinaki Bhushan Mukherji. It starred Ranjit Mallick, Bhanu Bannerjee and Mahua Roy Chowdhury in lead roles. This was the fourth remake of Kapalakundala based on 1866 same name novel of Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay.

Mahua Roy Choudhury
Mahua Roy Choudhury (Bengali: মহুয়া রায় চৌধুরী; 24 September 1958 – 22 July 1985) was an Indian actress who is recognized for her work in Bengali cinema. She is considered to be one of the most successful actresses of Bengali Cinema. She received several awards including a Filmfare Award. She was posthumously conferred with the Best Actress Award for her role in Aadmi Aur Aurat (1984) at the 5th Damascus International Film Festival in 1987.
Thermocrinis jamiesonii
Thermocrinis jamiesonii is a Gram-negative bacterium that is thermophilic, growing at temperatures ranging from 70 to 85°C. It grows as a chemolithoautotroph or chemolithoheterotroph, using thiosulfate as its sole electron donor, and is obligately microaerophilic. The strain GBS1T was isolated from Great Boiling Spring, Nevada, USA.

Microaerophile
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than those present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O2; typically 2–10% O2) for optimal growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement.  Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (e.g. 10% CO2 in the case of Campylobacter species).

The original definition of a microaerophile has been criticized for being too restrictive and not accurate enough compared to similar categories. The broader term microaerobe has been coined to describe microbes able to respire oxygen "within microoxic environments by using high-affinity terminal oxidase".
Joe Brown (impresario)
Andrew Joseph Francis Brown BEM (3 October 1907 – 23 August 1986) was a New Zealand mechanic, entrepreneur, entertainment promoter, businessman and racehorse owner. He was born in Naseby, in the Maniototo, New Zealand on 3 October 1907.

In the 1970 New Year Honours, Brown was awarded the British Empire Medal for services to the community as an entertainment promoter.

British Empire Medal
The British Empire Medal (BEM; formerly British Empire Medal for Meritorious Service) is a British and Commonwealth award for meritorious civil or military service worthy of recognition by the Crown. The current honour was created in 1922 to replace the original medal, which had been established in 1917 as part of the Order of the British Empire.
Ribnik (river)
The Ribnik (Cyrillic: Рибник, pronounced [Rib-nik]) is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a headwater tributary of the Sana, which it meets at Strane and Velije hamlets of the Gornji Ribnik village, 17 km below the Sana's own source springs, bringing in a large amounts of water to the still young Sana. It is among shortest of the Sana tributaries but at the same time among largest by the volume it discharges into the receiving Sana. The Ribnik is well known as a prime fly fishing fishery and is popular among anglers throughout the world.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Alfredo Luenzo
Alfredo Héctor González Luenzo (born 16 October 1957) is an Argentine psychologist, journalist and politician, who was a National Senator for Chubut from 2015 to 2021. Luenzo belongs to the regionalist alliance We Are All Chubut, and sat with the Frente de Todos parliamentary bloc in the Senate from 2019 to 2021.

Argentine Senate
The Chamber of Senators of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Cámara de Senadores de la Nación Argentina) or Senate, officially the Honorable Chamber of Senators of the Argentine Nation (Spanish: Honorable Cámara de Senadores de la Nación Argentina) is the upper house of the National Congress of Argentina.
Lanistes ovum
Lanistes ovum is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an African apple snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae.

The shell coiling in this species is left-handed, aka sinistral.

This species of snail is widely found in Botswana, Congo, Chad, Ghana, Cameroon, Gambia, Angola, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Apple snail
Ampullariidae (commonly known as apple snails), is a family of large freshwater snails that includes the mystery snail species. They present an operculum and simultaneously have a gill and a lung as respiratory structures, which are separated by a division of the mantle cavity. This adaptation allows these animals to be amphibious. Species in this family are considered gonochoristic, meaning that each individual is either male or female.
Daiga Mieriņa
Daiga Mieriņa (née Cekule; previously Jurēvica, born 3 March 1969) is a Latvian politician who has been the 13th Speaker of the Saeima and in the Saeima since 2023, as a member of the Union of Greens and Farmers. She was active in the local politics of Carnikava and Ādaži.

Speaker of the Saeima
The Speaker of the Saeima (Latvian: Saeimas priekšsēdētājs; lit. "Chairperson of the Saeima") is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Latvia, the Saeima.

If the President of Latvia resigns from office, dies or is removed from office before their term has ended, the Speaker of the Saeima shall assume the duties of the President until the Saeima has elected a new President. Similarly, the Speaker of the Saeima shall assume the duties of the President if the latter is away from Latvia or for any other reason unable to fulfil the duties of office.

The Speaker of the Saeima must be elected at the first meeting of the current convocation of the Saeima.
Naminoue Shrine
Naminoue Shrine (Japanese: 波上宮, Hepburn: Naminoue-gū; Okinawan: Nanmin-guu) is a Shinto shrine in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, the ichinomiya (primary shrine) of the prefecture. It sits atop a high bluff, overlooking Naminoue Beach and the ocean.

Originally a sacred space of the native Ryukyuan religion, due to its location and natural beauty, it was dedicated to nirai kanai, the mythical source of all life, and to the sea. At some point it came to be known as Hana gusuku and Nanminsan; Nanmin is the Okinawan reading of 波上, meaning "above the waves", which is pronounced as Naminoue in Japanese.

In 1890, it was recognized in the system of State Shinto.  It is among the ranked, nationally significant shrines or Kanpei-shōsha (官幣小社).

Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
The modern system of ranked Shinto shrines (近代社格制度, Kindai Shakaku Seido; sometimes called simply shakaku (社格)) was an organizational aspect of the establishment of Japanese State Shinto. This system classified Shinto shrines as either official government shrines or "other" shrines. The official shrines were divided into

Imperial shrines (kampeisha), which are parsed into minor, medium, or major sub-categories; and

National shrines (kokuheisha), which are similarly categorized as minor, medium, or major.

Some shrines are the "first shrines" called ichinomiya that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan.

The Ise Grand Shrine stood at the top of all shrines and thus was outside the classification.

All listed shrines on this page with the exception of Ise Grand Shrine are Beppyo shrines.
Solmōnaþ
In the Anglo-Saxon calendar, Solmōnaþ (modern English: month of the hearthcakes) was the month roughly corresponding to February.

The name was recorded by the Anglo-Saxon scholar Bede in his treatise De temporum ratione (The Reckoning of  Time), saying that "Sol-Monath can be said to be the month of cakes, which were offered to their gods"; It was formerly argued that there is no other reference to sol meaning ‘cake’ in Old English, and that as sol is used to mean ‘mud’ or ‘dirt’ in most texts, a far more likely meaning is that the sol month was the muddy month, especially given the English climate at that time of year.  However, it has since been discovered that sol is equivalent to 'hearthcake' in several texts, and thus Bede is likely to have been correct in his definition.

Early Germanic calendars
The early Germanic calendars were the regional calendars used among the early Germanic peoples before they adopted the Julian calendar in the Early Middle Ages. The calendars were an element of early Germanic culture.

The Germanic peoples had names for the months that varied by region and dialect, but they were later replaced with local adaptations of the Julian month names. Records of Old English and Old High German month names date to the 8th and 9th centuries, respectively. Old Norse month names are attested from the 13th century. As with most pre-modern calendars, the reckoning used in early Germanic culture was likely lunisolar. As an example, the Runic calendar developed in medieval Sweden was lunisolar, fixing the beginning of the year at the first full moon after winter solstice.
Morris Downtown Commercial Historic District
The Morris Downtown Commercial Historic District is a historic district in downtown Morris. The district includes 116 buildings and a monument; 105 of these are commercial buildings, and 87 are contributing properties to the district.

Morris, Illinois
Morris is a city in and the county seat of Grundy County, Illinois, United States and part of the southwest Chicago metropolitan area. The population was 14,163 as of the 2020 census.

A team of ten anthropologists and sociologists from the nearby University of Chicago studied the city in depth and reported its findings in W. Lloyd Warner, editor, Democracy in Jonesville: A Study of Quality and Inequality (1949).
Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground
"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" is a gospel blues song written and performed by American musician Blind Willie Johnson and recorded in 1927. The song is primarily an instrumental featuring Johnson's self-taught bottleneck slide guitar and picking style accompanied by his vocalizations of humming and moaning. It has the distinction of being one of 27 samples of music included on the Voyager Golden Record, launched into space in 1977 to represent the diversity of life on Earth. The song has been highly praised and covered by numerous musicians and is featured on the soundtracks of several films.

Voyager Golden Record
The Voyager Golden Records are two identical phonograph records, with one copy aboard each of the two Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977. The records contain sounds and data to reconstruct raster scan images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form who may find them. The records are a time capsule.

Although neither Voyager spacecraft is heading toward any particular star, Voyager 1 will pass within 1.6 light-years' distance of the star Gliese 445, currently in the constellation Camelopardalis, in about 40,000 years.

Carl Sagan noted that "The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced space-faring civilizations in interstellar space, but the launching of this 'bottle' into the cosmic 'ocean' says something very hopeful about life on this planet."
Ivan Petrovsky
Ivan Georgiyevich Petrovsky (Russian: Ива́н Гео́ргиевич Петро́вский; 18 January 1901 – 15 January 1973) was a Soviet mathematician working mainly in the field of partial differential equations. He greatly contributed to the solution of Hilbert's 19th and 16th problems, and discovered what are now called Petrovsky lacunas. He also worked on the theories of boundary value problems, probability, and on the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces.

Pavel Alexandrov
Pavel Sergeyevich Alexandrov (Russian: Па́вел Серге́евич Алекса́ндров), sometimes romanized Paul Alexandroff (7 May 1896 – 16 November 1982), was a Soviet mathematician. He wrote roughly three hundred papers, making important contributions to set theory and topology. In topology, the Alexandroff compactification and the Alexandrov topology are named after him.
Rio Negro (ship)
Rio Negro is a container ship owned by A.P. Moller Singapore Pte. Ltd. and operated by Maersk Line AS. The 286.45-metre (939.8 ft) long ship was built at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in Okpo, South Korea in 2008.  Originally owned by Rio Negro GmbH & Co KG, a subsidiary of Hamburg Süd, she has had two owners and been registered under two flags.

The vessel is one of three ships of the Rio class built for Hamburg Süd by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in 2008.

Container ship
A container ship (also called boxship or spelled containership) is a cargo ship that carries all of its load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization. Container ships are a common means of commercial intermodal freight transport and now carry most seagoing non-bulk cargo.

Container ship capacity is measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Typical loads are a mix of 20-foot (1-TEU) and 40-foot (2-TEU) ISO-standard containers, with the latter predominant.

Today, about 90% of non-bulk cargo worldwide is transported by container ships, the largest of which, from 2023 onward, can carry over 24,000 TEU.
Audi Crooks
Audi Rae Crooks (born December 13, 2004) is an American college basketball player for the Iowa State Cyclones of the Big 12 Conference. She plays the center position.

Crooks attended Bishop Garrigan High School in her hometown of Algona, Iowa, where she won back-to-back state titles and was named Iowa Miss Basketball as a senior. A four-star recruit, she left as the state's all-time leader in field goals made, as well as the state tournament's all-time leader in points and rebounds. Crooks also won four state titles in track and field, including three straight in the shot put.

As a freshman at Iowa State, Crooks scored 40 points against Maryland in the first round of the 2024 NCAA tournament, setting a new single-game tournament record for freshmen. She was an All-Big 12 Conference first team selection and received an All-American honorable mention recognition from the Associated Press.

Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball
The Iowa State Cyclones women's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The team is coached by Bill Fennelly, who is in his 30th year at Iowa State.  The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.
Lawyers for Liberty
Lawyers for Liberty (LFL) is a Malaysian human rights and law reform NGO. In 2010 it revealed several years' statistics of lethal police shootings in Malaysia and inferred that police had impunity to murder. In 2011 it commented on the exchange of political refugees with Australia and alleged police harassment of journalists. In 2011 LFL criticised Malaysian authorities' arrest and deportation of the Saudi Hamza Kashgari, who had published three allegedly blasphemous tweets, and filed a habeas corpus affidavit against four Malaysian authorities. LFL claimed that it would try to obtain Kashgari's freedom.

Blasphemy law in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's laws are an amalgam of rules from Sharia (mainly the rules formulated by the Hanbali school of jurisprudence but also from other schools of law like the Ja'fari school), royal decrees, royal ordinances, other royal codes and bylaws, fatwas from the Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) and custom and practice.
Francyne Aparecida
Francyne Aparecida Jacintho (born 16 July 1992) is a Brazilian volleyball player who has represented her country in  world championships. She is a member of the Brazil women's national volleyball team.

She was part of the Brazil national indoor volleyball team at the  2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, and 2016 Montreux Volley Masters.

She participated at the 2018 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.

Brazil women's national volleyball team
The Brazil women's national volleyball team is administered by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (CBV) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. With a tally of 46 titles the Brazil women's volleyball national team is one of the most successful national teams of all time. They have won 6 olympic medals including two gold medals, in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in 2012 Summer Olympics. They also hold the record of FIVB World Grand Prix championship titles having won the competition 12 times. In regional competitions they have won gold four times in the Pan American Games, and have 23 titles in the Women's South American Volleyball Championship.

The most successful coaches for Brazil are Bernardo Rezende, who led the team from 1990 to 2000, and José Roberto Guimarães, who has managed the team since 2004. Currently the team is ranked second in the FIVB World Rankings as of June 2025.
Rail transport in Senegal
Senegal's historic rail network totalled 1,087 km of railway at 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge, and 36 km at 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge. The current (2024) operational length is 602 km and 36 km respectively.

The metre-gauge network is part of the Dakar–Niger Railway which crosses the border to Mali.

The single standard gauge line is a commuter railway in Dakar, the Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD, whose first phase opened in 2021.

Dakar–Niger Railway
The Dakar–Niger Railway (French: Chemin de fer Dakar-Niger) connects Dakar, Senegal to Koulikoro, Mali. The name refers to the Niger River, not the Republic of Niger. It serves many cities in Senegal, including Thiès, and in Mali, including Kayes, Kita, Kati, Bamako. The line covers a course of 1,287 km of which 641 km lies in Mali.

There have been no international passenger trains in operation since 2010. A scheduled passenger service between Kayes and Bamoko (both in Mali) restarted in 2023.
Nawëal Ouinekh
Nawëal Ouinekh-Youssouf (born 8 January 1997), known as Nawëal Ouinekh, is a footballer who plays as a forward for Division 2 Féminine club Saint-Étienne and the Morocco national team.

Born in France, Ouinekh represented her native country internationally at youth level, before switching allegiance to Morocco in 2020.

Morocco women's national football team
The Morocco women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب المغرب لكرة القدم للسيدات) represents Morocco in international women's football and is managed by the Royal Moroccan Football Federation.

The team played its first international match in 1998 during the inaugural Women's Africa Cup of Nations. They later achieved runners-up finishes in the 2022 and 2024 editions of the tournament. They made their debut at the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2023, where they advanced to the knock-out stage after finishing second in their group, before being eliminated in the Round of 16 by France.
Vedganga River
The Vedganga River is a river in India, which joins the Dudhganga River. Further, Dudhganga joins the Krishna River. Several villages like Jatrat, Barawad, Kunnur in Karnataka are dependent on Vedganga for water.

The Vedganga River rises at an elevation of 900 m in the Kolhapur District of Maharashtra State from the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. The river flows mostly north-eastwards in Maharashtra State and thereafter continues to flow eastwards in Karnataka state to join the Dudhganga River at Barawad in Karnataka, Dudhganga River flowing eastwards joining the Krishna River in Kallol Yedur in Karnataka from the right bank.

The rugged terrain is cut with valleys of dentritic pattern of streams feeding the tributaries of the Krishna River system. The sub-tributaries and tributaries of Ghatprabha and Malprabha located on the right bank of the Krishna River offer good sites for hydro-electric development through dam-toe-power stations.

Krishna River
The Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau is the third-longest in India, after the Ganga and Godavari. It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganga, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called the Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and flows for 282 kilometres in Maharashtra. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
View of Delft
View of Delft (Dutch: Zicht op Delft) is an oil painting by Johannes Vermeer, painted c. 1659–1661. The painting of the Dutch artist's hometown is among his best known. It is one of three known paintings of Delft by Vermeer, along with The Little Street and the lost painting House Standing in Delft, and his only cityscape. According to art historian Emma Barker, cityscapes across water, which were popular in the Netherlands at the time, celebrated the city and its trade. Vermeer's View of Delft has been held in the Dutch Royal Cabinet of Paintings at the Mauritshuis in The Hague since its establishment in 1822.

The painting was featured in the 1980 BBC Two series 100 Great Paintings.

Delft
Delft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam, to the southeast, and The Hague, to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad.

Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau, for its blue pottery, for being home to the painter Jan Vermeer, and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age. In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck, Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology.
Salem (painting)
Salem is a painting created by the English artist Sydney Curnow Vosper in 1908. It depicts a scene within Capel Salem, a Baptist chapel in Pentre Gwynfryn, Gwynedd, Wales. It is noteworthy as a depiction of Welsh piety, the traditional Welsh national costume, and for a contentious belief that the devil is depicted within it.

Mass reproductions in the early and mid 20th century allowed the image to become widespread throughout the United Kingdom. It has been described as an iconic symbol of Wales, as The Hay Wain by John Constable is described as a symbol of England, and as the Sacred Heart lamp is of Ireland.

Cythraul
Cythraul (formerly also Kythreul and Cythrawl) is a Welsh language word for Satan or other incarnations of evil spirits. The word appears in Medieval Welsh literature and bardic poetry but has a wide variety of uses in modern Welsh and popular culture.
Paco Casal
Paco Casal (born Francisco Casal) is a Uruguayan entrepreneur.

Emerging as a football agent, Casal quickly acquired total relevance in the market of his country. He owns the company Tenfield, and the television channel GolTV.

Nelson Gutiérrez
Nelson Daniel Gutiérrez Luongo (born 13 April 1962) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played as a defender. He obtained a total number of 57 international caps for the Uruguay national football team, and was a member of the team that competed at the 1986 and 1990 FIFA World Cups.