hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Truban
William Andonia Truban (October 6, 1924 – February 3, 2007) was an American veterinarian and politician who served more than two decades as a Republican in the Virginia Senate, representing Shenandoah, Clarke, Frederick and Loudoun Counties and the city of Winchester, Virginia, and sometimes Fauquier and Warren counties as well. Dr. Truban was then Senate minority leader of what was then a small party as the Byrd Organization disintegrated.

Shenandoah County, Virginia
Shenandoah County (formerly  Dunmore County) is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 44,186. Its county seat is Woodstock. It is part of the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia.
Middle Street tram stop
Middle Street is a tram stop on the Nottingham Express Transit (NET) network in the town of Beeston. It is situated on street track within Middle Street and comprises a single island platform situated between the tracks. The stop is on line 1 of the NET, from Hucknall via the city centre to Beeston and Chilwell. Trams run at frequencies that vary between 4 and 8 trams per hour, depending on the day and time of day.

Middle Street stop opened on 25 August 2015, along with the rest of NET's phase two.

Beeston, Nottinghamshire
Beeston is a town in the Borough of Broxtowe, Nottinghamshire, England, it is 3 miles south-west of Nottingham. To its north-east is the University of Nottingham's main campus, University Park. The headquarters of pharmaceutical and retail chemist group Boots are 0.6 miles (1 km) east of the centre of Beeston, on the border with Broxtowe and the City of Nottingham. To the south lie the River Trent and the village of Attenborough, with extensive wetlands.
Thomas Addison
Thomas Addison (April 1795 – 29 June 1860) was an English physician and medical researcher. He is traditionally regarded as one of the "great men" of Guy's Hospital in London.

Thomas Addison began his career at Guy's Hospital in 1817, eventually becoming a full physician in 1837. He was a noted and respected lecturer and diagnostician. He experienced episodes of mental depression throughout his life, culminating in his suicide in 1860.

Addison's legacy includes the description of conditions such as Addison's disease (a degenerative disease of the adrenal glands), and pernicious anemia, a hematological disorder later found to be caused by failure to absorb vitamin B12.

Guy's Hospital
Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital founded by philanthropist Thomas Guy in 1721, located in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the King's Health Partners, an academic health science centre. It is the large teaching hospital of GKT School of Medical Education.

The hospital's Tower Wing (originally known as Guy's Tower) was, when built in 1974, the tallest hospital building in the world, standing at 148.65 metres (487.7 ft) with 34 floors. The tower was overtaken as the world's tallest healthcare-related building by The Belaire in New York City in 1988. As of June 2019, the Tower Wing, which remains one of the tallest buildings in London, is the world's sixth-tallest hospital building.
Spanish Fly (band)
Spanish Fly is an avant garde jazz trio from New York City.  It consists of Steven Bernstein (trumpet),  David Tronzo (guitar), and Marcus Rojas (tuba). Participation in other projects have limited the releases of this band. The group's first album, Fly By Night, was produced by Hal Willner, who wrote in the album's liner notes that the group's early 1990s live performances at the Knitting Factory had the same kind of impact on him as those of Miles Davis and Tim Buckley in the 1970s.

Knitting Factory
The Knitting Factory is a nightclub in New York City that features eclectic music and entertainment and is co-owned and co-operated by Knitting Factory Entertainment. After opening in 1987, various other locations were opened in the United States.

The Knitting Factory gave its audience poetry readings, performance art, standup comedy, and musicians who transcended the usual boundaries of rock and jazz, often experimental music. The Knitting Factory owners distributed some performances to radio stations, and around 1990 starting a radio show and the record label Knitting Factory Works. Later the founders started Knitting Factory Records in 1998.
Nenano
Phthora nenano (Medieval Greek: φθορὰ νενανῶ, also νενανὼ) is the name of one of the two "extra" modes in the Byzantine Octoechos—an eight-mode system, which was proclaimed by a synod of 792 (792). The phthorai nenano and nana were favoured by composers at the Monastery Agios Sabas, near Jerusalem, while hymnographers at the Stoudiou-Monastery obviously preferred the diatonic mele.

Mar Saba
The Holy Lavra of Saint Sabbas Greek: Ἱερὰ Λαύρα τοῦ Ὁσίου Σάββα τοῦ Ἡγιασμένου, romanized: Yerá Lávra tú Osíu Sávva tú Iyazménu, known in Arabic and Syriac as Mar Saba (Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܣܒܐ, romanized: Dayrā d-Mār Sabba; Levantine Arabic: دير مار سابا, romanized: Dēr Mār Sābā; ) and historically as the Great Laura of Saint Sabas, is a Greek Orthodox Christian monastery overlooking the Kidron Valley in the Bethlehem Governorate of Palestine in the West Bank, at a point halfway between Bethlehem and the Dead Sea. The monks of Mar Saba and those of subsidiary houses are known as Sabaites.

Mar Saba is considered one of the world's oldest (almost) continuously inhabited monasteries, and it maintains many of its ancient traditions. One in particular is the restriction on women entering the main compound. The only building women can enter is the Women's Tower, near the main entrance.
Pamplin College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences
The Katherine Reese Pamplin College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences is one of ten colleges and schools at Augusta University, and is the largest with seven departments. It offers a variety of undergraduate degrees, an MA in Intelligence and Security Studies and also an NASPAA-certified Master of Public Administration. Classes are primarily located in Allgood Hall on the Summerville campus, with music classes primarily in the music building and art classes in Washington Hall.

Accreditations include the Council on Social Work Education, National Association of Schools of Art and Design, National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration, and the National Association of Schools of Music.

Master of Public Administration
The academic qualification of Master of Public Administration (MPA) is a specialized professional graduate degree in public administration. Its course of studies prepares students for  roles as leaders, and resembles or mirrors training for qualification as a Master of Business Administration, but with an emphasis on issues of public services.

This program covers principles of public administration, policy development, and management. Graduates may work in government, nonprofits, or  private companies. The specifics of the program can vary by university or country. It typically requires two years for completion.
2017 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
The qualification phase of the 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations decided the participating teams of the final tournament. A total of eight teams played in the final tournament, hosted by Gabon.

The draws were conducted during the CAF Executive Committee meeting held on Friday, 5 February 2016 in Kigali, Rwanda.

2017 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2017 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations, officially known as the Total U-17 Africa Cup Of Nations, Gabon 2017, was the 12th edition of the Africa U-17 Cup of Nations (17th edition if tournaments without hosts are included), the biennial international youth football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) for players aged 17 and below.

The top four teams qualified for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup in India.
Isothermal–isobaric ensemble
The isothermal–isobaric ensemble (constant temperature and constant pressure ensemble) is a statistical mechanical ensemble that maintains constant temperature  and constant pressure  applied. It is also called the -ensemble, where the number of particles  is also kept as a constant.  This ensemble plays an important role in chemistry as chemical reactions are usually carried out under constant pressure condition. The NPT ensemble is also useful for measuring the equation of state of model systems whose virial expansion for pressure cannot be evaluated, or systems near first-order phase transitions.

In the ensemble, the probability of a microstate  is , where  is the partition function,  is the internal energy of the system in microstate , and  is the volume of the system in microstate .

The probability of a macrostate is , where  is the Gibbs free energy.

Microstate (statistical mechanics)
In statistical mechanics, a microstate is a specific configuration of a system that describes the precise positions and momenta of all the individual particles or components that make up the system. Each microstate has a certain probability of occurring during the course of the system's thermal fluctuations.
In a quantum system, a microstate is a pure state, which is specified by a wave function.

In contrast, a macrostate of a system is a subset of its microstates; the microstates in a macrostate often share macroscopic properties, such as temperature, pressure, volume and density.  
In this description, microstates appear as different possible ways the system can achieve a particular macrostate. 
Thus, a macrostate is an equivalence class of microstates whose differences are ignored for a given analysis.

In the thermodynamic limit, the microstates visited by a macroscopic system during its fluctuations all have the same macroscopic properties.
Royal Pari F.C.
Royal Pari Fútbol Club, best known as Royal Pari, is a Bolivian football club based in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Founded in 2002, it plays in the Santa Cruz Football Association Championship following relegation from the Bolivian Primera División in the 2024 season.

FBF División Profesional
The División Profesional de Fútbol Boliviano is the top-flight professional football league in Bolivia. In 2017, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈliɣa ðe ˈfuðβol pɾofesjoˈnal βoliˈβjano]; English: Bolivian Professional Football League) was disbanded and the FBF became responsible for the organisation of the league.

Since 1950, a total of 16 clubs have been crowned champions of the Bolivian football league system. The current champions are Always Ready, who won the title in the 2025 tournament. Bolívar is the most successful club in the league, with 31 titles to date.
Paris Lee
Paris Lee (born April 20, 1995) is an American-born naturalized Cameroonian professional basketball player for UNICS Kazan of the VTB United League. He played college basketball for Illinois State University. A 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) point guard, Lee was named the Missouri Valley Conference Player of the Year as a senior in the 2016–17 season.

Lee started his professional career with Antwerp Giants in Belgium in 2017. Lee had a successful season in 2018–19 as he reached the Basketball Champions League Final Four with Antwerp. Individually, he was named to the All-Champions League Second Team and was named the Pro Basketball League MVP.

BC UNICS
BC UNICS (Russian: БК УНИКС) is a professional basketball club in Kazan, Russia, that plays in the VTB United League, and formerly played in the EuroLeague. On February 28, 2022, EuroLeague Basketball suspended the team because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Their home arena is Basket-Hall Kazan.
Jane Richmond
Jane Richmond (née Garwell, born 16 June 1961) is a Welsh chess Woman FIDE Master (WFM), British Women's Chess Championship winner (1982), twelve-times Welsh Women's Chess Championship winner (1976, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2004), Chess Olympiad individual silver medal winner (1978).

Welsh Chess Championship
The modern Welsh Chess Championship was inaugurated in 1955.
The champion earned a place in the British Championship.

The Henry Golding Individual Trophy for the Welsh Champion Archived 2015-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
Mohamed Muse Diriye
Mohamed Muse Diriye (Somali: Maxamed Muuse Diiriye) is a Somali politician and the former Minister of Water Resources of Somaliland. He has previously served as the Minister of Information of Somaliland, State Minister and Deputy Minister of Ministry of Interior of Somaliland. He also served as the Governor of Togdheer region of Somaliland.

Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs & Security Of Republic of Somaliland) "(MoIAS)" (Somali: Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Iyo Amniga Qaranka Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland) (Arabic: وزارة الداخلية)  is a Somaliland government ministry, tasked and primarily responsible for  the internal policies, state security, administration of internal affairs involving the state, the current minister is Abdalle Mohamed Arab
Elisa Molinari
Elisa Molinari is an Italian physicist from the University of Modena and a member of CNR, Italy. She has been primarily interested in computational materials science and nanotechnologies, and she has been particularly active in the theory of fundamental properties of low-dimensional structures, in the simulation of nanodevices, and in the development of related computational methods. She also has a continuing interest in scientific imaging and communication.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in Europe, founded in 1175, with a population of 20,000 students.

The medieval university disappeared by 1338 and was replaced by "three public lectureships" which did not award degrees and were suspended in the 1590s "for lack of money". The university was not reestablished in Modena until the 1680s and did not receive an imperial charter until 1685.

Some famous students who attended the university include Ludovico Antonio Muratori, a noted Italian historian and scholar who graduated in 1694, the playwright Carlo Goldoni in the 17th century and, in the last century, Sandro Pertini, who became President of the Italian Republic.
Code enforcement
Code enforcement, sometimes encompassing law enforcement, is the act of enforcing a set of rules, principles, or laws (especially written ones) and ensuring observance of a system of norms or customs. An authority usually enforces a civil code, a set of rules, or a body of laws and compel those subject to their authority to behave in a certain way.

A bylaw enforcement officer (also called municipal law enforcement or municipal enforcement) is an employee of a municipality, county or regional district, charged with the enforcement of local ordinance—bylaws, laws, codes, or regulations enacted by local governments. Bylaw enforcement officers often work closely with police and other law enforcement agencies, but are generally not considered emergency services.

Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.

Codification is one of the defining features for most civil law jurisdictions. In common law systems, such as that of English law, codification is the process of converting and consolidating judge-made law or uncodified statutes enacted by the legislature into codified statute law.
Ivory Nwokorie
Ivory NwokorieListenⓘ MON is a Nigerian powerlifter who won the gold medal in the women's 44 kg weight class at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. She was banned for two years in 2013, after testing positive for Furosemide.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
Jennings Motor Group
Jennings Motor Group  was a group of car dealerships in the north east of North East England. It represented several car manufacturers including Ford, Kia, Mazda, Mitsubishi and SEAT, as well as Harley-Davidson. The company was based in Washington, Tyne and Wear, with dealerships in Gateshead, Middlesbrough, South Shields, Sunderland, and Stockton on Tees. It remained a Limited company for over 100 years until it was taken over by Lookers in 2018.

Lookers
Lookers is a British car dealership chain in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It represents multiple brands, and is based in Altrincham. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was bought by Global Auto Holdings, a sister company of Alpha Auto Group, for £465.4m in 2023.
Pável Pardo
Pável Pardo Segura (Spanish: [ˈpaβel ˈpaɾðo] ⓘ; born 26 July 1976) is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Pardo spent most of his career playing with Club América and is the fifth most capped player in the history of the Mexico national football team. Pardo participated in two World Cups (1998 and 2006), won two CONCACAF Gold Cups and won the FIFA Confederations Cup with Mexico in 1999.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
The CONCACAF Gold Cup (Spanish: Copa Oro CONCACAF) is an association football  competition organized by CONCACAF as its premier continental tournament for men's senior national teams from North America, Central America and the Caribbean. The tournament is held every two years with its inaugural edition in 1991. It is the direct successor competition of the CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989).

So far, three national teams have won the tournament: Mexico (10 times), the United States (7), and Canada (1). All of them are member associations of the North American Football Union (NAFU).
Palatine of Hungary
The Palatine of Hungary (Hungarian: nádor or nádorispán, German: Landespalatin, Latin: palatinus regni Hungariae) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the Kingdom of Croatia until 1918 the ban held similar function as the highest office in the Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and viceroy (after the union of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).

King of Hungary
The King of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország királya) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918. The style of title "Apostolic King of Hungary" (Magyarország apostoli királya) was endorsed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all monarchs of Hungary.
Chinnakkampalayam
Chinnakkampalayam  is a panchayat town in Dharapuram taluk of Tiruppur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located in the western part of the state, it is one of the 15 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 32.3 km2 (12.5 sq mi), it had a population of 11,546 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Ibn Jurayj
ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Jurayj al-Rūmī al-Umawī al-Qurashī al-Makkī (Arabic: عبد الملك بن عبد العزيز بن جريج الرومي الأموي القرشي المكي, 80 AH/699 CE - 150 AH/767 CE) commonly known as Ibn Jurayj ([/ʔibn ʒuˈrajʒ/]) was an eighth-century tabi'i faqīh, exegete and transmitter of hadith.

A student of early Meccan jurist Ata ibn Abi Rabah, Ibn Jurayj became a scholar in his own right and served as the mufti of Mecca under the Umayyads. He composed works on Quranic exegesis and the rites of pilgrimage, and his compilation of hadith, Kitab al-Sunan, was a founding work of the musannaf genre. Though lost, much of the latter was preserved in the musannaf of his student Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani, who cites Ibn Jurayj as an informant in approximately one-third of the traditions transmitted.

Manasik
Manasik (Arabic: مناسك) is the whole of rites and ceremonies that have to be performed by Islamic pilgrims in and around Mecca. The Qur'an differentiates between two manasiks: The Manasik of Hajj, has to be done in the month Dhu al-Hijjah and The Manasik of ʿUmra, which can be performed any time of the year. The knowledge of manasik is an independent part of Fiqh.
Subdivisions of Belfast
The subdivisions of Belfast are a series of divisions of Belfast, Northern Ireland that are used for a variety of cultural, electoral, planning and residential purposes.

The city is traditionally divided into four main areas based on the cardinal points of a compass, each of which form the basis of constituencies for general elections: North Belfast, East Belfast, South Belfast, and West Belfast. These four areas meet at Belfast City Centre. The second traditional divide is that formed by the River Lagan, with the northern bank of the River being part of County Antrim, while the southern bank is part of County Down.

The city's subdivisions reflect the divided nature of Northern Ireland as a whole, with areas tending to be highly segregated, especially in working-class neighbourhoods. Walls known as peace lines, originally erected by the British Army after August 1969, divide fourteen inner city neighbourhoods.

Cardinal direction
The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the four main compass directions: north (N), east (E), south (S), and west (W). The corresponding azimuths (clockwise horizontal angle from north) are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°.

The four ordinal directions or intercardinal directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and northwest (NW).
The corresponding azimuths are 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°.

The intermediate direction of every pair of neighboring cardinal and intercardinal directions is called a secondary intercardinal direction. These eight shortest points in the compass rose shown to the right are:

West-northwest (WNW)

North-northwest (NNW)

North-northeast (NNE)

East-northeast (ENE)

East-southeast (ESE)

South-southeast (SSE)

South-southwest (SSW)

West-southwest (WSW)

Points between the cardinal directions form the points of the compass. Arbitrary horizontal directions may be indicated by their azimuth angle value.