hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samar–Leyte Force
Samar-Leyte Force is garrison during World War II in the Philippines, the main objective is to prevent any invasion of the Japanese for the islands of Samar and Leyte located in the eastern Visayas Islands. The Garrison was not able to see action directly but provided troops to Luzon and Mindanao fronts. The Japanese did not land until the US Forces Philippines surrendered in May 1942. However, the sector was the highest guerilla activity in the entire country after the surrender.

93rd Infantry Regiment (PA)
93rd Infantry Regiment is a unit of 91st Infantry Division of Philippine Army activated in 1941. It was not organized until late of 1941. So it was left in Leyte island while the rest of the division was transferred to Luzon island to bolster its defense. It fought in Mindanao island where it was ordered to surrender and became POWs.
The Farmer's Market
The Farmer's Market, formerly Adamflowers, was an online black market for illegal drugs. It was founded by Marc Peter Willems in or before 2006, and moved operations to the dark web in 2010 using the Tor anonymity network. It was closed and several operators and users arrested in April 2012 as a result of Operation Adam Bomb, a two-year investigation led by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Tor (network)
Tor is a free overlay network for enabling anonymous communication. It is built on free and open-source software run by over seven thousand volunteer-operated relays worldwide, as well as by millions of users who route their internet traffic via random paths through these relays. This technique is called onion routing.

Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace a user's internet activity by preventing any single point on the internet (other than the user's device) from being able to view both where traffic originated from and where it is ultimately going to at the same time. This conceals a user's location and usage from anyone performing network surveillance or traffic analysis from any such point, protecting the user's freedom and ability to communicate confidentially.
Indo-Nepal Border Road
Indo-Nepal Border Road (Hindi: भारत नेपाल सीमा सड़क) is a highway approximately parallel to the international borders between India and Nepal which connects the border outposts (BOP) of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) in India near the lines of the international border.

Sashastra Seema Bal
The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB; transl. Armed Border Force) is a central armed police force in India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for guarding India’s borders with Nepal and Bhutan.

The force was originally set up under the name Special Service Bureau in 1963 in the aftermath of the Sino-Indian War to strengthen India's border areas against enemy operations.
Titumir Rebellion
Titumir Rebellion (Bengali: তিতুমীর বিদ্রোহ) also known as Barasat Rebellion (বারাসাত বিদ্রোহ) was a resistance from local Muslim fighters in Bengal who had declared "Jihad" against British rule. The movement began in 1830, lead by Titumir. It occurred after several armed clashes between British forces and local Mujahideen occurred.

Titumir
Syed Mir Nisar Ali (27 January 1782 – 19 November 1831), better known as Titumir, was one of the first Bengali-speaking revolutionaries in British India who developed a strand of Islamic revivalism, sometimes also for Bengali nationalism coupled with agrarian and political consciousness. He is famed for having built a large bamboo fort to resist the British, which passed into Bengali Muslim folk legend.

Titumir was ranked number 11 in the BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of All Time.
Malolos Historic Town Center
The Malolos Historic Town Center is a historic district located in downtown (or the old town center of the capital town of) Malolos City, Bulacan, Philippines, commonly called the Camestisuhan or Pariancillo District of Malolos. It was declared as such for its collection of Spanish and American-era houses and government structures, and for being the birthplace of the First Philippine Republic and the Malolos Constitution as well as having been the capital of the Philippines from 1898 to 1900. The National Historical Institute (now the National Historical Commission of the Philippines) declared the downtown Malolos area officially as a National Historical Landmark and a Heritage Town on August 15, 2001.

National Historical Commission of the Philippines
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP; Filipino: Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a government agency of the Philippines. Its mission is "the promotion of Philippine history and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, sites management and heraldry works." As such, it "aims to inculcate awareness and appreciation of the noble deeds and ideals of our heroes and other illustrious Filipinos, to instill pride in the Filipino people and to rekindle the Filipino spirit through the lessons of history."
1879 Iowa Senate election
In the 1879 Iowa State Senate elections Iowa voters elected state senators to serve in the eighteenth Iowa General Assembly. Elections were held in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.

The general election took place on October 14, 1879.

Following the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa Senate with 38 seats to Democrats' 12 seats.

To claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 14 Senate seats.

Republicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1879 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 41 seats, Democrats having 7 seats, and 2 Greenbackers (a net gain of 3 seats for Republicans and 2 for Greenbackers).

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.
Mike Tenay
Michael William Tenay (born March 1, 1955) is an American podcast presenter and retired professional wrestling play-by-play announcer known for his time as an announcer for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, later Impact Wrestling). Tenay, according to Impact Wrestling, "is known as "The Professor" for his extensive knowledge of the sport". Former Impact Wrestling Executive Producer and WCW president Eric Bischoff has described Tenay as "a walking encyclopedia of knowledge".

Tenay is a five-time recipient of the Wrestling Observer award for Best Television Announcer, and was inducted into the Impact Hall of Fame (alongside longtime broadcast partner Don West) in 2023.

TNA Hall of Fame
The TNA Hall of Fame is a hall of fame that honors professional wrestlers and wrestling personalities who contributed to the history of the American based professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

It was established in 2012, and created as part of the celebration of the promotion's 10th anniversary. Inductees are usually announced at either the Slammiversary pay-per-view event or on episodes of TNA Impact!, and the ceremony takes place prior to Bound for Glory. It has been an annual tradition for TNA since 2012 with the exception of two years (2017 and 2019).

As of 2025, there have been 16 inducted in total; 13 individually, and two group inductions.
Boo Suk-jong
Boo Suk-jong (Korean: 부석종; Hanja: 夫石鍾; born 8 January 1964) is a former South Korean Navy Admiral who served as its Chief of Naval Operations under President Moon Jae-in from 2020 to 2021. He is the first Jeju Island native to lead the Navy.

Before being promoted to the head of Navy in 2020, Boo had served at Joint Chiefs of Staff as head of its Military Support Center from November 2018.

Chief of Naval Operations (South Korea)
The chief of naval operations of the Republic of Korea Navy (Korean: 대한민국 해군참모총장; Hanja: 大韓民國海軍參謀總長) is the head of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The post was established following the induction of Joseon Coastal Guards (조선해안경비대) into the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and the subsequent renaming of the organization as the Republic of Korea Navy in 1948. Originally held by a vice admiral, the post of CNO has been held by an admiral since 1968.

The appointment of the CNO, along with the chiefs of staff of the Army, chiefs of staff of the Air Force and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is referred to the State Council of South Korea for deliberation according to Article 89, Constitution of South Korea.
Kenny Atkinson (chef)
Kenny Atkinson (born in December 1976) is an English chef, who won Michelin stars at the restaurants St Martin's on the Isle, and Kenny Atkinson at the White Room within Seaham Hall. He has appeared on the BBC show Great British Menu, where he has twice been selected as the chef for courses at the final banquets. He was named Chef of the Year at the 2009 Catey Awards. In 2015 he was awarded a Michelin star for his own restaurant House of Tides in Newcastle upon Tyne.

The Catey Awards
The Cateys are a UK award ceremony for the hospitality industry, first held in 1984. They have been described as the hospitality industry's equivalent of the Oscars.
Recipients are nominated, selected and awarded by the industry through The Caterer magazine.

The Chef Award is one of the most coveted and previous winners include Paul Ainsworth in 2019, Claude Bosi in 2018, Tom Kerridge in 2017, Jason Atherton in 2012, Angela Hartnett in 2009, Heston Blumenthal in 2004, Gordon Ramsay in 2000, Brian Turner in 1997 and Raymond Blanc in 1990.

November 2007 saw the first spin-off event, The Hotel Cateys, which took place at the London Hilton on Park Lane, with Grant Hearn, CEO of Travelodge, taking the inaugural Outstanding Contribution to the Industry Award.

The Foodservice Cateys launched in 2013 at Park Plaza Westminster Bridge.
Linda Sheskey
Linda Sheskey (born Linda Detlefsen on October 18, 1962, nka Linda Nicosia) is a retired middle-distance runner from the United States. She competed in the 1980s and 90s for her native country. While running for the University of Georgia, she became the first women's NCAA champion for that school.  She was the 1986 National Champion at 1500 meters. She was also the 1989 Indoor champion both times representing Athletics West.  Sheskey set her personal best in the women's 1,500 metres event (4:04.89) on July 16, 1987, at the Meeting de Paris in Paris, France.  Later that year she was the Pan American Games champion.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Moorfield Storey
Moorfield Storey (March 19, 1845 – October 24, 1929) was an American lawyer, anti-imperial activist, and civil rights leader based in Boston, Massachusetts. According to Storey's biographer, William B. Hixson Jr., he had a worldview that embodied "pacifism, anti-imperialism, and racial egalitarianism fully as much as it did laissez-faire and moral tone in government." Storey served as the founding president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), serving from 1909 to his death in 1929. He opposed United States expansionism beginning with the Spanish–American War.

Ebenezer R. Hoar
Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar (February 21, 1816 – January 31, 1895) was an American politician, lawyer, and jurist from Massachusetts. He served as U.S. Attorney General from 1869 to 1870, and was the first head of the newly created Department of Justice. Hoar assisted President Ulysses S. Grant in appointing two United States Supreme Court justices and was himself nominated to the Court. His nomination was rejected by the United States Senate, in part for his positions on patronage reform. In 1871, Hoar was appointed by Grant to the United States high commission that negotiated the Treaty of Washington between the U.S. and the United Kingdom, helping to settle the Alabama Claims.
Munisuvrata
Munisuvrata or Munisuvratanatha (IAST: Munisuvratanātha) (Devanagari: मुनिसुव्रतनाथ) (Sanskrit: मुनिसुव्रतः) was the twentieth Tirthankara of the present half time cycle (avasarpini) in Jain cosmology. He became a siddha, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of his karma. Events of the Jaina version of Ramayana are placed at the time of Munisuvrata. Munisuvrata lived for over 30,000 years. His chief apostle (gaṇadhara) was sage Malli Svāmi.

Ganadhara
In Jainism, the term Ganadhara is used to refer the chief disciple of a Tirthankara. In samavasarana, the Tīrthankara sat on a throne without touching it (about two inches above it). Around, the Tīrthankara sits the Ganadharas. According to Digambara tradition, only a disciple of exceptional brilliance and accomplishment (riddhi) is able to fully assimilate, without doubt, delusion, or misapprehension, the anekanta teachings of a Tirthankara. The presence of such a disciple is mandatory in the samavasarana before Tirthankara delivers his sermons. Ganadhara interpret and mediate to other people the divine sound (divyadhwani) which the Jains claim emanates from Tirthankara's body when he preaches.

The monastic sangha of Jainism is divided into a number of orders or troupes called ganas, each headed by a ganadhara.

In 20th century, statues depicting Tīrthankaras and Ganadharas were unearthed in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha.
St John Berchmans College
St John Berchmans College (Dutch: Sint-Jan Berchmanscollege) is a Roman Catholic secondary school founded by the Society of Jesus in Brussels, Belgium. It is situated close to the Church of Our Lady of the Chapel and is named after the Belgian Jesuit Saint John Berchmans.

Church of Our Lady of the Chapel
The Church of Our Lady of the Chapel (French: Église Notre-Dame-de-la-Chapelle; Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ter-Kapellekerk), or the Chapel Church (French: Église de la Chapelle; Dutch: Kapellekerk), is a Catholic church in the Marolles/Marollen district of Brussels, Belgium. It is dedicated to Our Lady of the Chapel.

The church, in a Romanesque-Gothic transitional style, was built between the 12th and 13th centuries above an earlier chapel. Following a fire in 1405, its nave was rebuilt in the Brabantine Gothic style and enlarged with side chapels. Its Baroque slate bell tower dates from the 18th century. The complex was designated a historic monument in 1936.

The church is located on the Place de la Chapelle/Kapelleplein, between the Rue Haute/Hoogstraat and the Rue de la Chapelle/Kapellestraat. This site is served by Brussels-Chapel railway station.
Laidlaw Purves
William Laidlaw Purves MRCS, LRCP (16 April 1842 – 30 December 1917) was a Scottish-born surgeon who worked in London as an aural and ophthalmic surgeon. He contributed specialist articles to the medical literature but is mainly remembered for his contributions to golf. He planned and designed the course that became Royal St Georges in Kent and was an important figure in the establishment of the Ladies Golf Union in the United Kingdom. He was a prime mover in introducing the rules of handicapping into British golf.

Handicap (golf)
A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's ability, or potential ability, that is used to enable players of different abilities to compete against one another. Better players are those with the lowest handicaps.

Historically, rules relating to handicaps have varied from country to country with many different systems in force around the world. Because of incompatibilities and difficulties in translating between systems, the sport's governing bodies, the USGA and The R&A, working with the various existing handicapping authorities, devised a new World Handicap System (WHS) which began to be introduced globally in 2020.
Attilio Maseri
Attilio Maseri OMRI KSG (12 November 1935 – 3 September 2021) was an Italian academic and physician specialized in cardiology, considered a leading researcher in the field of ischemic heart disease. His patients included Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John Paul II.

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the most senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second president of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.

The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of science, literature, arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers.

The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).
Gandalf Award
The Gandalf Awards, honoring achievement in fantasy literature, were conferred by the World Science Fiction Society annually from 1974 to 1981. They were named after Gandalf the wizard, from the Middle-earth stories by J. R. R. Tolkien. The award was created and sponsored by Lin Carter and the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA), an association of fantasy writers. Recipients were selected by vote of participants in the World Science Fiction Conventions according to procedures of the Hugo Awards.

The award was given for life achievement, and corresponds roughly to the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, which was started the year after the Gandalf. In 1978 and 1979, an award was also given for a novel published during the preceding year.

Worldcon
The World Science Fiction Convention, branded as Worldcon, is a science fiction convention and the annual convention of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS). It has been held each year since 1939 (except for the years 1942 to 1945, during World War II). The members of each Worldcon are the members of WSFS, and vote both to select the site of the Worldcon two years later, and to select the winners of the annual Hugo Awards, which are presented at each convention.
Napoleonic looting of art in Spain
The art looting carried out by the Napoleonic troops and the government of Joseph Bonaparte —imposed by his brother Napoleon— during the Peninsular War (1808–1814) was the most important cultural plunder suffered by Spain.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
Rocket artillery
Rocket artillery is artillery that uses rockets as the projectile. The use of rocket artillery dates back to medieval China where devices such as fire arrows were used (albeit mostly as a psychological weapon). Fire arrows were also used in multiple launch systems and transported via carts. In the late nineteenth century, due to improvements in the power and range of conventional artillery, the use of early military rockets declined; they were finally used on a small scale by both sides during the American Civil War. Modern rocket artillery was first employed during World War II, in the form of the German Nebelwerfer family of rocket ordnance designs, Soviet Katyusha-series and numerous other systems employed on a smaller scale by the Western allies and Japan. In modern use, the rockets are often guided by an internal guiding system or GPS in order to maintain accuracy.

Fire arrow
Fire arrows were one of the earliest forms of weaponized gunpowder, being used from the 9th century onward. Not to be confused with earlier incendiary arrow projectiles, the fire arrow was a gunpowder weapon which receives its name from the translated Chinese term huǒjiàn (火箭), which literally means fire arrow. In China, a 'fire arrow' referred to a gunpowder projectile consisting of a bag of incendiary gunpowder attached to the shaft of an arrow. Fire arrows are the predecessors of fire lances, the first firearm.

Later rockets utilizing gunpowder were used to provide arrows with propulsive force and the term fire arrow became synonymous with rockets in the Chinese language. In other languages such as Sanskrit, 'fire arrow' (agni astra) underwent a different semantic shift and became synonymous with 'cannon'.
China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones.  Typhoon Nina in 1975 caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1062 mm (41.81 inches) of rain fell in Henan Province during a 24‑hour period.  Super Typhoon Carla was the wettest tropical cyclone on record for mainland China. Since 1957, there has been a downward trend in tropical cyclone rainfall for the country.

Typhoon Nina (1975)
Typhoon Nina, named Bebeng by PAGASA, was an extremely deadly tropical cyclone that brought catastrophic damage across the country of China in the summer of 1975. It formed on July 30 and gradually intensified as it moved generally to the west. On August 2, Nina reached peak intensity, and a day later the typhoon struck Taiwan. It weakened before moving ashore southeastern China. While moving slowly through central China, it dropped heavy rainfall and caused several dam failures, including the Banqiao Dam. It is one of the deadliest typhoons in the Pacific. Flooding from the Banqiao Dam collapse killed 26,000 people, with 100,000 more dying from subsequent famine and diseases.
Geirry Garccia
Geraldo A. Garccia (1952 – February 12, 2010), known professionally as Geirry Garccia or Geirry A. Garccia, was a Filipino animator, painter and filmmaker. A prominent figure in Philippine animation since the People Power Revolution, he was recognized as a "brainchild" for his well-known pioneering mainstream animated works, predominantly Ang Panday (1986), Isko: Adventures in Animasia (1995), and Adarna: The Mythical Bird (1997).

Panday (character)
The Panday (Filipino for smith) is a fictional Philippine comics character created by writer Carlo J. Caparas and artist Steve Gan. His stories were first serialized in the comic series Ang Panday ("The Smith") in Pilipino Komiks during the late 1970s. The character, whose real name is Flavio, became a Philippine pop culture icon since it was adapted to film (Ang Panday) in 1980 with Fernando Poe Jr. portraying Flavio and Max Alvarado as his archenemy Lizardo. The film spawned three direct sequels, as well as multiple other more loosely connected films and television series including an animated version.
Persepam Madura Utama
Persatuan Sepak Bola Pamekasan Madura Utama, commonly known as Persepam Madura Utama or Persepam, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Pamekasan, East Java. The club plays in the Liga 4.

Liga 4 (Indonesia)
Liga 4 (English: League Four) is the fourth-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia. The competition is organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) and the first season started in 2024.