hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Separation of powers in Hong Kong
The concept of separation of powers has been considered and disputed in Hong Kong and its various forms of government. Prior to the Handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the government of British Hong Kong did not have a Western-style separation of powers. The post-handover Hong Kong Basic Law does not explicitly prescribe a separation of powers, but allocates power to the Executive Council, Legislative Council, and Judiciary. Since the 1997 handover, whether the separation of powers principle exists within the Hong Kong political system has been disputed among the Hong Kong SAR Government, central Chinese Government, and public media.

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Shavendra Silva
General Shavendra Silva, WWV, RWP, RSP, VSV, USP (Sinhala: ශවේන්ද්‍ර සිල්වා, Tamil: ஷவேந்திர சில்வா) is a retired Sri Lanka Army officer who served as Chief of Defence Staff, the head of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2024. He also served as the Commander  of the Sri Lanka Army from 19 August 2019 to 31 May 2022. His other important appointments include, Chief of Staff of the army, Adjutant General and Director of Operations of the Army. During the Sri Lankan civil war he gained fame as the General Officer Commanding of the elite 58 Division. He had also served as the Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations Headquarters.

Uththama Seva Padakkama
The Uttama Seva Padakkama (USP, Meritorious Service Medal) (Sinhala: උත්තම සේවා පදක්කම uṭṭama sēvā padakkama) is presented to all ranks of the regular forces of the Sri Lankan military for:

...valuable service and devotion to duty marked by exceptional ability, merit and exemplary conduct provided they count not less than 15 years continuous and uninterrupted service and possess and unblemished record of moral and military conduct...—
Safavid Karabakh
The province of Karabakh (also spelled Qarabagh; Persian: ولایت قره باغ, romanized: Velāyat-e Qarabāgh) was a north-western province of the Safavid Iran, centered on the geographic region of Karabakh.

The governorship of Karabakh was generally held by a member of the Qajars, one of the Qizilbash tribes. Its highlands were controlled by the five Armenian melikdoms.

Qajar (tribe)
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.
Society for Medieval Feminist Scholarship
The Society for Medieval Feminist Scholarship (SMFS) is an academic organization which "promotes the study of the Patristic Age, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern era from the perspective of gender studies, women's studies, and feminist studies". Its development followed the rise of the study of medieval women in the 1970s and 1980s, and sought to increase the number of and sponsor papers about medieval women, and feminist theory driven scholarship, at the largest international medieval studies conferences, International Congress on Medieval Studies in Kalamazoo and Leeds IMC.

In 2007, the Society had over 1000 members from around the world.

International Medieval Congress
The International Medieval Congress (IMC) is an annual academic conference held for scholars specializing in, or with an interest in, the study of the European Middle Ages (c. 300–1500). It is organised and administered by the Institute for Medieval Studies at the University of Leeds and is held in early July. The Congress is the largest annual conference in any subject in the UK, regularly attracting over 2,700 registered participants, and has been used in some research as a barometer for trends in Medieval Studies generally. In 2020 and 2021 the conference was held online (branded as the vIMC) due to restrictions to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022, the IMC has been held as hybrid event.
Dwayne Slay
Dwayne Slay (born June 21, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a safety. He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders. Later he also played professionally for the Chicago Bears and Amarillo Dusters and Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the CFL.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Farooq Feroze Khan
Farooq Feroze Khan (17 August 1939 – 9 October 2021), also known as Feroze Khan, was a Pakistani four-star air officer who served as the sixth Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force from 1991 to 1994 and eighth Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1994 to 1997.

His career in the Air Force is subjected to distinction as he was the only air force officer whose career spanned more than 40 years of military service.: 355  He was also the only Air Force officer to be appointed Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.

Air officer
An air officer is an air force officer of the rank of air commodore or higher. Such officers may be termed "officers of air rank". While the term originated in the Royal Air Force, air officers are also to be found in many Commonwealth nations who have a similar rank structure to the RAF.

Air officers holding command appointments receive the title Air Officer Commanding (AOC), whereas air officers holding commander-in-chief positions are titled as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C).
Sideromycin
Sideromycins are a group of antibiotics linked to siderophores by covalent bonds. Examples of naturally occurring sideromycins are albomycin and salmycin. Sideromycins have some unique merits as antibiotic. They can actively bypass permeability barriers (membranes) to deliver the drug inside the target bacterial cell, irrespective of the size and polarity of the antibiotic moiety contained into it. Most importantly as they are substrates of high affinity siderophore transport systems they can be effective to kill bacteria at very low concentration. Also the delivery of the antibiotic will be highly target specific, so wouldn't affect the host system. Sideromycins is being considered as a new microbe-selective antibacterial agent, which can limit the emergence of resistance.

Siderophore
Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds that are secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They help the organism accumulate iron. Although a widening range of siderophore functions is now being appreciated, siderophores are among the strongest (highest affinity) Fe3+ binding agents known. Phytosiderophores are siderophores produced by plants.
Klamath smallscale sucker
The Klamath smallscale sucker (Catostomus rimiculus), also known as the Jenny Creek sucker, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Catostomidae. It is a freshwater fish that primarily inhabits the Trinity and Klamath River watersheds, as well as the overall region of the Klamath Basin in general. Within the Klamath Basin, they inhabit the area along with three other sucker fish: the Lost River sucker, shortnose sucker, and the Klamath largescale sucker. These fish can vary in length from 35 cm to 50 cm, and usually have a lifespan of around 9-15 years. They often form mixed schools with speckled dace, sculpins, and juvenile steelhead.

A population of the species separated from the Klamath River by a waterfall are called Jenny Creek suckers.

Shortnose sucker
The shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris),
also known as the koptu (pronounced /ˈkɒp.tuː/ KOP-too) by the Klamath Tribes,
is a rare species of fish in the family Catostomidae, the suckers. It is native to southern Oregon and northern California in the United States.
This species and related ones were a major food source for local tribes, and are still considered to be sacred animals. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
Kilquade
Kilquade, historically Killcowade (Irish: Cill Chomhaid), is a townland and a Roman Catholic parish in north County Wicklow, Ireland. It lies between Kilpedder and Kilcoole, about one kilometre east of Junction 12 (Kilpedder) of the N11 national primary route. It is part of the barony of Newcastle and lies within both the civil parishes of Kilcoole and Newcastle Lower.

The church, St. Patrick's, was built in 1802, refurbished in 2002-2003 and rededicated in 2004. Directly across the road from the church is the National Garden Exhibition Centre.

Kilpedder
Kilpedder (Irish: Cill Pheadair, meaning "Peter's church") is a village in County Wicklow, Ireland, located off the N11 road between Kilmacanogue and Newtownmountkennedy, just south of the Glen of the Downs Nature Reserve. It had a population of 1,255 as of the 2016 census.

Kilpedder environs include Glenview Park, Kilpedder Grove, Johnstown, Tinnapark, Sunnybank and the Garden Village to the south. Kilpedder is home to two public houses and a petrol station. The army has a rifle range in the area.
Gerardo P. Cabochan
Gerardo "Gerry" Paulino Cabochan (October 3, 1926 – January 31, 2014) was a Filipino lawyer, soldier, storyteller, and politician who served in the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1987 to 1992 representing the 2nd district of Caloocan.

Caloocan's 2nd congressional district
Caloocan's 2nd congressional district, also known as South Caloocan district, is one of the three congressional districts of the Philippines in the city of Caloocan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the entire South Caloocan barangays south of Circumferential Road 4 (including EDSA): Barangays 5 to 76 in Zones 1 to 7 and Barangays 86 to 131 in Zones 8 to 11. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Edgar Erice of the  Liberal Party.
Police union
A police union is a trade union for police officers. Police unions formed later than most other occupations, reflecting both a conservative tendency and relatively superior working conditions. The first police unions formed in the United States. Shortly after World War I, the rising cost of living, wage reductions, concerns over amount of rest and growing dissatisfaction among rank and file police officers led to a number of police strikes from 1918–1923 and the formation of police unions globally.

Police strike
A police strike is a potential tactic when law enforcement workers are embroiled in a labour dispute. Sometimes military personnel are called in to keep order or discipline the strikers. Police strikes have the potential to cause civil unrest.
Plaza del Sol (Puerto Rico)
Plaza del Sol is a 728,546-square-foot (67,684.1 m2) regional mall located in the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The mall is anchored by a Caribbean Cinemas, Walmart, Burlington, H&M, Dave & Buster's and The Home Depot. The mall was opened in 1998; it was later acquired in 2005 by DDR Corp. out of a $1.15 billion portfolio deal with Caribbean Property Group (CPG), which included the mall. And is now owned by Curzon Puerto Rico.

Burlington (department store)
Burlington, formerly known as Burlington Coat Factory, is an American national off-price retailer, and a division of Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corporation with more than 1,138 stores in 46 states and Puerto Rico, with its corporate headquarters located in Burlington Township, New Jersey. In 2007, it was acquired by Bain Capital in a transaction and in 2008, Tom Kingsbury became president and CEO. The company went public again in 2013. Burlington is the third largest off-price retailer after TJX and Ross Stores.
Palafox Historic District
The Palafox Historic District (NR 14001085) comprises 129 properties in Pensacola, Florida. The district includes 100 contributing buildings, 28 non-contributing buildings, and 1 non-contributing site (Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza – due to age of site at time of the nomination). The National Register district, listed under the category Commerce/Trade, runs along Palafox Street and is bounded roughly on the north by Chase Street, on the south by Main Street, and extends to Spring Street on the west. The Palafox Historic District joins 38 other National Register of Historic Places listings in Escambia County, Florida.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Escambia County, Florida
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Escambia County, Florida.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Escambia County, Florida, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 42 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks.  Another 3 properties were once listed but have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.
Xin Lu
Xin Lu FRS is a professor of Cancer Biology and Director of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at the University of Oxford.  She is known for her discovery of and research on the ASPP family of proteins.

Ludwig Cancer Research
Ludwig Cancer Research is an international network of research institutes and laboratories that conduct basic, translational, and clinical studies on cancer. It encompasses the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR), an international non-profit organization founded in 1971 by American businessman and philanthropist Daniel K. Ludwig, and six endowed and independent Ludwig Centers that were established in 2006 at prominent U.S. institutions of biomedical research.

Ludwig Cancer Research has funded basic and translational cancer research through LICR—which financially supports and oversees Branches and laboratories at leading academic institutions in Europe and the U.S.—and through the six U.S.-based Ludwig Centers.
Bärenbach, Bad Kreuznach
Bärenbach (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛːʁənbax]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land, whose seat is in the town of Kirn.

Bad Kreuznach (district)
Bad Kreuznach (German: [baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Rhein-Hunsrück, Mainz-Bingen, Alzey-Worms, Donnersbergkreis, Kusel and Birkenfeld.
Eli Iserbyt
Eli Iserbyt (born 22 October 1997) is a former Belgian cyclo-cross and road cyclist until his retirement in January 2026, who rode for UCI Continental team Pauwels Sauzen–Cibel Clementines. As a junior, he won the silver medal at the 2015 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships. He won the gold medal in the men's under-23 event at the 2016 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships  in Heusden-Zolder and took another gold in the under-23 race at the 2017 UEC European Cyclo-cross Championships in Tábor. In 2018 he won another gold medal in the men's under-23 event at the World Championships in Valkenburg.

UEC European Cyclo-cross Championships
The European Cyclo-cross Championships are organised by the Union Européenne de Cyclisme and crown the recognised European champions in the cycling discipline of cyclo-cross.

They have been held since 2003 in November, towards the start of the cyclo-cross season. Events are held for men and women, in junior, under-23 and elite classes.

A seventh medal event, a mixed relay, was held in 2023 and 2024. In 2025 the mixed relay team event was not part of the competition.
Timur Dosmagambetov
Timur Talgatuly Dosmagambetov (Kazakh: Тимур Талғатұлы Досмағамбетов, Timur Talğatūly Dosmağambetov; born 1 May 1989) is a Kazakhstani professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Okzhetpes and the Kazakhstan national team.

Kazakhstan national football team
The Kazakhstan national football team (Kazakh: Қазақстан Ұлттық футбол құрамасы, Qazaqstan Ūlttyq Futbol qūramasy, [qɑzɑqˈstɑn ʊɫt̚ˈtɤq fʊdˈboɫ qʊrɑmɑˈsə]) represents Kazakhstan in men's international football and it is governed by the Kazakhstan Football Federation. They split from the Soviet Union national team after independence in 1991 and joined the Asian Football Confederation's Central Asian Football Federation. After failing to qualify for the 1998 and 2002 FIFA World Cups, they joined UEFA, but are yet to qualify for a FIFA World Cup or a UEFA European Championship.
Grand Princess Seongmok
Grand Princess Seongmok (died before 1018) or shortly-called Princess Seongmok (Korean: 성목공주; Hanja: 成穆公主; "the accomplishment and solemn princess") was a Goryeo royal family member as the daughter of King Taejo's 13th son, Wang Uk.

It was said that she would often go to the temple Hyeonhwasa (현화사) to pray for her parents along with her half younger brother, Wang Sun. From this, Seongmok became the first Korean noblewoman who held the title of Janggongju (장공주, 長公主; "Grand Princess") which was later used by Yilianzhenbala and Jintong.

Although her detailed information was not recorded in Goryeosa, but in 1930 during the Japanese colonial period, her existence was made known through the Hyeonhwa Sabi (현화사비; built in 1018 (10th year reign of King Hyeonjong)) which became the North Korean National Treasure Cultural Relic No. 151 and was discovered at Yeongchu Mountain, Pangyo-ri, Gaeseong-gun, Gyeonggi Province.

Hyeonjong of Goryeo
Hyeonjong (1 August 992 – 17 June 1031), personal name Wang Sun, was the 8th ruler of the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. He was a grandson of the dynastic founder King Taejo. He was appointed by the military leader Kang Cho, whom the King Mokjong had called upon to destroy a plot by Kim Ch'i-yang. During his reign, the Goryeo dynasty fought two wars against the Khitan Liao dynasty. Today Hyeonjong is considered to be among the greatest leaders in Korean history.
Christopher Minikon
Christopher Minikon (May 24, 1933 – July 4, 2019) was a Liberian public servant, statesman, ambassador, professor, historian, and businessman. Minikon served various lower-level and Cabinet-Level positions in the Liberian government in the administrations of William Tubman, William R. Tolbert, Samuel K. Doe, Amos Sawyer, David D. Kpormakpor, Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Ruth Perry, Charles Taylor, Moses Blah, Gyude Bryant, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. While working various positions, he also taught classes at The University of Liberia on various subjects such as, history, diplomacy, law, and others.

University of Liberia
The University of Liberia (UL or LU in older versions of abbreviation) is a publicly funded institution of higher learning located in Monrovia, Liberia. Authorized by the national government in 1851, the university opened in 1862 as Liberia College. UL has four campuses: the Capitol Hill Campus in Monrovia, the Fendall campus in Louisiana, outside Monrovia, the Medical School Campus in Congo Town, and the Straz-Sinje Campus in Sinje Grand Cape Mount County. The university enrolls approximately 18,000 students and is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in West Africa. It is accredited by the Liberian Commission on Higher Education.
Azikin Solthan
Azikin Solthan (born 7 August 1953) is an Indonesian politician of the Golkar party and former civil servant. He has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2014. Prior to becoming a legislator, he was the regent of Bantaeng in South Sulawesi between 1998 and 2008, and before that he worked in the municipal governments of Bantaeng and Gowa for 20 years.

Gowa Regency
Gowa (Makassar language : ᨁᨚᨓ) is a regency in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,883.33 km2 and a population of 652,329 at the 2010 census, increasing to 765,836 at the 2020 census; the official estimate at mid-2023 was 799,999 (comprising 396,130 males and 403,869 females). The majority of the regency (the western eleven districts, with 632,039 inhabitants, or just over 79% of the regency's population in mid 2023) lies within the official metropolitan area of the city of Makassar, including the regency's administrative capital at Sungguminasa. The hill resort of Malino is in the eastern (non-metropolitan) part of the regency.
Block grant
A block grant is a grant-in-aid of a specified amount from a larger government to a smaller regional government body. Block grants have less oversight from the larger government and provide flexibility to each subsidiary government body in terms of designing and implementing programs.: 9  Block grants, categorical grants, and general revenue sharing are three types of federal government grants-in-aid programs.

Grant-in-aid
A grant-in-aid is money allocated from a central/state government to subnational governments to provide specific services or fund specific projects. Such funding is usually used when the government and the legislature decide that the recipient should be publicly funded but operate with reasonable independence from the state.

In the United Kingdom, most bodies in receipt of grants-in-aid are non-departmental public bodies.

A grant-in-aid has funds allocated by one level of government to another level of government that are to be used for specific purposes. Such funds are usually accompanied by requirements and standards set by the governing body for how they are to be spent. An example of this would be how the US Congress has required states to raise the drinking age for alcohol from 18 to 21 for the individual states to continue to qualify for federal funds for interstate highways within each state.