hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taraptar
Taraptar is an administrative unit known as a Union Council. It is in the Upper Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

Upper Dir is administratively subdivided into six tehsils which contain a total of 28 Union Councils. Upper Dir is represented in the National Assembly and Provincial Assembly by one elected MNA and three elected MPAs respectively.

Upper Dir District
Upper Dir District (Pashto: پورتنۍ دیر ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع دیر بالا) is a district located in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The city of Dir is its district headquarter. Geographically, it is located in the northern part of Pakistan. It borders with the Chitral district on the north, Afghanistan on the northwest, the Swat district on the east, and the Lower Dir district on the south. The District shares a 40 kilometer to 50 kilometer-grlong border with Afghanistan.
European Pharmacopoeia
The European Pharmacopoeia (Pharmacopoeia Europaea, Ph. Eur.) is a major regional pharmacopoeia which provides common quality standards throughout the pharmaceutical industry in Europe to control the quality of medicines, and the substances used to manufacture them.  It is a published collection of monographs which describe both the individual and general quality standards for ingredients, dosage forms, and methods of analysis for medicines.  These standards apply to medicines for both human and veterinary use.

Pharmaceutical manufacturing
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry.  The process of drug manufacturing can be broken down into a series of unit operations, such as milling, granulation, coating, tablet pressing, and others.
Walsh matrix
In mathematics, a Walsh matrix is a specific square matrix of dimensions 2n, where n is some particular natural number. The entries of the matrix are either +1 or −1 and its rows as well as columns are orthogonal. The Walsh matrix was proposed by Joseph L. Walsh in 1923.  Each row of a Walsh matrix corresponds to a Walsh function.

The Walsh matrices are a special case of Hadamard matrices where the rows are rearranged so that the number of sign changes in a row is in increasing order. In short, a Hadamard matrix  is defined by the recursive formula below and is naturally ordered, whereas a Walsh matrix is sequency-ordered. Confusingly, different sources refer to either matrix as the Walsh matrix.

The Walsh matrix (and Walsh functions) are used in computing the Walsh transform and have applications in the efficient implementation of certain signal processing operations.

Hadamard transform
The Hadamard transform (also known as the Walsh–Hadamard transform, Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform, Walsh transform, or Walsh–Fourier transform) is an example of a generalized class of Fourier transforms. It performs an orthogonal, symmetric, involutive, linear operation on 2m real numbers (or complex, or hypercomplex numbers, although the Hadamard matrices themselves are purely real).

The Hadamard transform can be regarded as being built out of size-2 discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs), and is in fact equivalent to a multidimensional DFT of size 2 × 2 × ⋯ × 2 × 2.  It decomposes an arbitrary input vector into a superposition of Walsh functions.

The transform is named for the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard (French: [adamaʁ]), the German-American mathematician Hans Rademacher, and the American mathematician Joseph L. Walsh.
Manmohan Bhadana
Manmohan Bhadana is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly from 2024, representing Samalkha Assembly constituency as a Member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Haryana Legislative Assembly
The Haryana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Hariyāṇā Vidhāna Sabhā) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Haryana. The seating of the assembly is at Chandigarh, the capital of the state. There are 90 seats in the house filled by direct election using a single-member first-past-the-post voting system. The term of office is five years.
Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's trap
The men's trap at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 7–8 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center. There were 33 competitors from 24 nations.

The event was won by Croatian Josip Glasnović. It was the second consecutive victory for Croatia, with Giovanni Cernogoraz taking gold in 2012 (he finished 9th this time). Italy received its fourth consecutive silver medal in the men's trap; Giovanni Pellielo was already the only man to have won three medals in the event and now became the only one to have won four. Italy's podium streak reached five Games; three times for Pellielo from 2000 to 2008 and once for Massimo Fabbrizi in 2012 before this competition. Edward Ling's bronze put Great Britain back on the podium in the event for the first time since 2000.

The medals were presented by Danka Barteková, IOC member, Slovakia and Olegario Vázquez Raña, President of the International Shooting Sport Federation.

Trap shooting
Trap shooting is one of the three major disciplines of competitive clay pigeon shooting. The other disciplines are skeet shooting and sporting clays.

Trap shooting is distinguished by the targets being launched from a single "house" or machine, generally away from the shooter, compared with skeet shooting where targets are launched from two "houses" crossing in front of the shooter. Sporting clays involve a more complex course, with many launch points.
Gerbe
In mathematics, a gerbe (/dʒɜːrb/; French: [ʒɛʁb]) is a construct in homological algebra and topology. Gerbes were introduced by Jean Giraud (Giraud 1971) following ideas of Alexandre Grothendieck as a tool for non-commutative cohomology in degree 2. They can be seen as an analogue of fibre bundles where the fibre is the classifying stack of a group. Gerbes provide a convenient, if highly abstract, language for dealing with many types of deformation questions especially in modern algebraic geometry. In addition, special cases of gerbes have been used more recently in differential topology and differential geometry to give alternative descriptions to certain cohomology classes and additional structures attached to them.

"Gerbe" is a French (and archaic English) word that literally means "wheat sheaf."

Jean Giraud (mathematician)
Jean Giraud (French: [ʒiʁo]; 2 February 1936 – 27 or 28 March 2007) was a French mathematician, a student of Alexander Grothendieck. His research focused on non-abelian cohomology and the theory of topoi. In particular, he authored the book Cohomologie non-abélienne (Springer, 1971) and proved the theorem that bears his name, which gives a characterization of a Grothendieck topos.

From 1969 to 1989, he was a professor at École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud.

From 1993 to 1994, he was deputy director for research of École normale supérieure de Lyon, where he was made interim director in 1994 and director from 1995 to 2000.
Bill Gunn Dam
The Bill Gunn Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam with an un-gated spillway located off-stream in Laidley Heights in the South East region of  Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for irrigation of the Lockyer Valley. The resultant reservoir is called Lake Dyer.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Washington State Route 174
State Route 174 (SR 174) is a 40.66-mile (65.44 km) long state highway that traverses Douglas, Grant and Lincoln counties in Washington. SR 174 begins at a junction with SR 17 in Leahy and travels eastward to Grand Coulee, near the Grand Coulee Dam, to intersect SR 155. From Grand Coulee, the roadway travels southeast to end at SR 21 northwest of Wilbur.

Prior to the establishment of SR 174 in a 1964 renumbering, it had been county roads and two highways, Secondary State Highway 10B (SSH 10B) and Secondary State Highway 4C (SSH 4C) from 1937 until 1964. The two highways merged to form SR 174 in 1964 and a branch of SSH 10B became the Crown Point spur of SR 174. A second spur route, located in Leahy, was added in 2009.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
WLNE-TV
WLNE-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to New Bedford, Massachusetts, United States, serving the Providence, Rhode Island, area with programming from the digital multicast network Roar. It is owned by Standard Media, which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of NBC/ABC affiliate WJAR (channel 10), for the provision of certain services. The two stations share transmitter facilities in Rehoboth, Massachusetts; WLNE-TV's studios are located in the Orms Building in downtown Providence.

Roar (TV network)
Roar (formerly TBD.) is an American digital multicast television network owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of Sinclair Broadcast Group. From its launch in 2017, the channel focused on millennials with short-form viral video content and reality programming, but eventually shifted towards traditional hour/half hour minute-long sketch comedy and other comedic-focused programming underserved in the digital subchannel space. With the acquisition of repeats of Saturday Night Live in the fall of 2024, the network rebranded to Roar on April 28, 2025, to complete its transition towards comedic content.
Máscara Sagrada
Máscara Sagrada (born November 6, 1959) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado (or masked professional wrestler) who has worked for every major Mexican wrestling promotion over the last 20 years. His ring name is Spanish for "Sacred Mask" and is inspired by the "sanctity" of masks in lucha libre. Sagrada has been involved in a long running copyright dispute over the use of the Máscara Sagrada name, outfit and mask with AAA, who claimed that they owned the copyright to the character and has even promoted other wrestlers as "Máscara Sagrada". Máscara Sagrada's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Picture Publisher
Picture Publisher is a raster graphics editor originally developed by Astral Development for Microsoft Windows in 1989. In 1991, Micrografx acquired Astral and took over development of Picture Publisher, giving it a massive overhaul for its third version. It was one of the first graphics editors for Windows and was lauded by technology journalists for its versatility. Among Windows-based graphics editors, it competed with ZSoft's Publisher's Paintbrush and Aldus' PhotoStyler.

PC Paintbrush
PC Paintbrush was a graphics editing software created by the ZSoft Corporation in 1984 for computers running the MS-DOS operating system.

Published alongside Microsoft Mouse DOS drivers version 4 from 1985 as a direct response to Mouse Systems bundling PCPaint with its mice, millions of copies were sold, and the program itself ended up licensed and used inside Windows 1.0, as Microsoft Paint; with an updated version licensed again for Windows 3.0, which (in an updated state) is still included in Windows today.
Parnopini
Parnopini is a small tribe of cuckoo wasps in the family Chrysididae. There are 3 genera and about 20 described species in Parnopini; only the hosts of one genus (Parnopes) are known, and they are in the Crabronidae.

Cuckoo wasp
Commonly referred to as cuckoo wasps or emerald wasps, the hymenopteran family Chrysididae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species) of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasps, often highly sculptured, with brilliant metallic colors created by structural coloration. They are most diverse in desert regions of the world, as they are typically associated with solitary bee and wasp species, which are also most diverse in such areas. Their brood parasitic lifestyle has led to the evolution of fascinating adaptations, including chemical mimicry of host odors by some species.
Salticus zebraneus
Salticus zebraneus is a species of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. Originally described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837 as Calliethera zebranea, it is found across Europe, Turkey, Russia (European part and Caucasus), and Iran.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
D'Marcus Simonds
D'Marcus Simonds (born October 20, 1997) is an American basketball player. He played college basketball for Georgia State. He was named the 2017–18 Sun Belt Conference Player of the Year as well as the Georgia Men’s College Co-Player of the Year.

Sun Belt Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year
The Sun Belt Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year is an award given to the most outstanding men's basketball player in the Sun Belt Conference (SBC). The award was first given following the conference's first basketball season of 1976–77. Four players have been selected twice (Terry Catledge, Chris Gatling, Chico Fletcher, and R. J. Hunter), while no player has earned a three-time player of the year selection.

Western Kentucky, which left the SBC for Conference USA in 2014, has the most all-time winners with seven. Among schools remaining in the SBC beyond 2014, South Alabama, the only charter member that has continuously been in the conference, has the most winners with six.
Reet S.K.
The Koninklijke Reet Sportkring (Reet SK) meaning "Royal Reet Sport Society" is a Belgian association football club based in Reet, Rumst in the province of Antwerp.  It is currently playing in the third division of the Belgian Provincial leagues third division of the Antwerp province.

Football in Belgium
Association football is the most popular sport in Belgium, which has been played since the end of the 19th century. Around 60% of Belgians are considered football fans. Neighbouring countries with an equal or higher percentage are France, Germany and the Netherlands. The national association was founded in 1895 with the intention of bringing some order and organization to the sport. The first match of the Belgium national team was played on 1 May 1904, a 3–3 draw against France.

Traditionally, the clubs Anderlecht, Club Brugge and Standard Liège are the three most dominant domestic teams, all of them also having played and/or won one or more UEFA competitions final(s).
E.l.f.
e.l.f. Beauty, Inc. is an American cosmetics brand based in Oakland, California. It was founded by Joseph Shamah and Scott Vincent Borba in 2004. The company sells items include bath and skin-care products, mineral-based makeup, professional tools, eyeliners, lipstick, glosses, blushes, bronzers, brushes and mascara. Its products are sold in 18 countries and in several stores including Target, Kmart, Dollar General and Walmart. Over half the company's sales come from its website, which is also as a social networking site with over two million members.

Dollar General
Dollar General Corporation is an American chain of discount stores headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. As of January 8, 2024, Dollar General operated 20,388 stores in the contiguous United States and Mexico.

The company began in 1939 in Scottsville, Kentucky, as a family-owned business called J.L. Turner and Son, owned by James Luther Turner and Cal Turner. In 1955, the name changed to Dollar General Corporation; in 1968 the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The Fortune 500 recognized Dollar General in 1999, and in 2020 it reached No. 112 on the list. Dollar General has grown to become one of the most profitable stores in the rural United States, with revenue reaching around $27 billion in 2019.

The company and its business practices have been subject to criticism, particularly regarding how it may be creating and perpetuating food deserts and stifling local businesses while offering fewer and lower-paying jobs.
Vimla L. Patel
Vimla Lodhia Patel FRSC is a Fijian-born Canadian/American cognitive psychologist and biomedical informaticist.

She is renowned for her pioneering work in health informatics, cognitive psychology, and medical decision-making. Her research has significantly advanced understanding of how technology mediates clinical performance, medical errors, and decision-making in high-stakes environments.

Patel has worked in the area of biomedical informatics, in particular studying the mediating roles of technology on performance. Her work includes studies of medical reasoning and decision making, errors and error reduction in emergency care and other critical medical environments (including telephone triage). Her past work in health cognition includes medical reasoning, studies of risk-taking behavior and sexual decision making related to HIV in youth and adolescents. Her current work focuses mostly on cognition and learning, and the role of AI in augmenting human cognition in healthcare.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Michigan's 9th congressional district
Michigan's 9th congressional district  is a United States congressional district located in The Thumb and northern portions of Metro Detroit of the State of Michigan. Counties either wholly or partially located within the district include: Huron, Tuscola, Sanilac, Lapeer, St. Clair, Macomb and Oakland. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+16, it is the most Republican district in Michigan.

Sanilac County, Michigan
Sanilac County (/sænəlæk/ SAN-ə-lack) is a county located in the Thumb region of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 40,611. The county seat is Sandusky. The county was created on September 10, 1822, and was fully organized on December 31, 1849. Sanilac County is considered to be part of the Thumb of Michigan, a subregion of the Flint/Tri-Cities. Sanilac County enjoys seasonal tourism in towns such as Lexington, Port Sanilac, and Carsonville. Sanilac County is economically attached to St. Clair County and Huron County and is largely composed of nearly flat areas of rich soil.
Maia Lumsden
Maia Lumsden (born 10 January 1998) is a British professional tennis player. She has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 57, achieved on 1 July 2024. Lumsden has won four doubles titles on the WTA Challenger Tour as well as three titles in singles and eleven in doubles on the ITF Circuit.

WTA 125 tournaments
WTA 125 tournaments are an international series of professional women's tennis tournaments organized by the Women's Tennis Association since 2012.
Also called the WTA Challengers (analogous to the trademarked men's ATP Challenger Tour), the WTA 125 is the second highest level of women's competition, below the top-tier WTA Tour, and above the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour tournaments.

Players who succeed in the WTA 125 tournaments earn sufficient overall WTA ranking points to become eligible for the main draw or qualifying draw entry of WTA Tour tournaments. Results such as titles won at a WTA 125 event are separately counted from the same player's achievements at WTA Tour level tournaments. However match results from WTA 125 events are counted and added into WTA players' overall head-to-head win/loss statistics.
Kennymore
Kennymore (February 1911 – 1916) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was a highly talented horse whose career was adversely affected by his difficult temperament. He did not appear until the autumn of his two-year-old season but made an immediate impact as he finished third in the Middle Park Stakes and then won the Dewhurst Stakes. In the following spring he won the Craven Stakes and the 2000 Guineas but lost his chance in the Epsom Derby when he became highly agitated before the start. He went on to finish third in the Eclipse Stakes and second in the St Leger before winning the Newmarket St Leger on his final appearance. He died at the age of five in 1916 after a single season at stud.

Dewhurst Stakes
The Dewhurst Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and fillies. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in October.

It is Britain's most prestigious race for juvenile horses. The leading participants usually become major contenders for the following season's Classics.
Tonari no Yōkai-san
Tonari no Yōkai-san (Japanese: となりの妖怪さん; lit. "The Yōkai Next to Me") is a Japanese manga series by noho. It originally began serialization online via Twitter in August 2017. It was then serialized via East Press' Matogrosso website from July 2018 to January 2022 and has been collected in four tankōbon volumes and a side story volume. An anime television series adaptation produced by Liden Films aired from April to June 2024.

Liden Films
Liden Films, Inc. (株式会社ライデンフィルム, Kabushiki-gaisha Raiden Firumu; stylized as LIDENFILMS) is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise headquartered in Kamiogi, Suginami, Tokyo, and has animation studios in Kyoto and Osaka.