hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hamd
Hamd (Arabic: حمد, romanized: ḥamd, lit. 'praise') is a word that exclusively praises God - whether written or spoken. 
 Thus, The word "Hamd" is always followed by the name of God (Allah) - a phrase known as the Tahmid - "al-ḥamdu li-llāh" (Arabic: الحَمْد لله) (English: "praise be to God"). The word "Hamd" comes from the Qur'an, and الحَمْد لله is the epithet or locution which, after the Bismillah, establishes the first verse of the first chapter of the Qur'an - al Fatiha Mubarak (the opening).

A Hamd is usually written in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Bengali, Punjabi, or Urdu and recited all over the Muslim world, from Indonesia to Morocco. A Qawwali performance usually includes at least one Hamd, which is traditionally at the beginning of the performance.

Al-Fatiha
Al-Fatiḥa (Arabic: ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ, romanized: al-Fātiḥa, lit. 'the Opening') is the first chapter (sura) of the Quran. It consists of seven verses (ayat) which consist of a prayer for guidance and mercy.

Al-Fatiḥa is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary prayers, known as ṣalah. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiḥa" is "The Opener/The Key".
Gianluca Conte
Gianluca Conte (Italian pronunciation: [dʒanˈluːka ˈkonte]; born 28 May 1972) is an Italian professional football assistant manager, analyst and former player and brother of Antonio Conte.

Playing as a defender, Conte began his career at local club Lecce. Conte played from the bench and did not manage to break into the first team. Later he studied the University of Foggia, in sport science, and followed his brother Antonio into a managerial role. His managerial career started in 2007, assisting his brother to lead Bari to the 2008–09 Serie B title, and Siena to promotion from the same division two years later. He then arrived at Juventus in 2011. Winning three consecutive Serie A titles as an assistant manager, he then followed his brother again in taking charge of the Italy national team in 2014 until the UEFA Euro 2016 campaign.

2008–09 Serie B
The 2008–09 Serie B season was the seventy-seventh since its establishment. A total of 22 teams will contest the league, 15 of which will be returning from the 2007–08 season, four of which will have been promoted from Serie C1 (now Lega Pro Prima Divisione), and three relegated from Serie A.
Reyhan Taşdelen
Reyhan Taşdelen (born 29 September 2007) is a Turkish Paralympian athlete. She competes in the T20 disability class of mainly long jump and sprint events, sometimes also in normal athletics competitions. She is owner of world and European champion titles in various para-athletics disciplines.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
François Morel (composer)
François Morel (14 March 1926 – 14 January 2018) was a Canadian composer, pianist, conductor, and music educator. An associate of the Canadian Music Centre, he was made a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 1994 and was awarded the Prix Denise-Pelletier in 1996. He has had his works premiered by the CBC Symphony Orchestra, the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, and the Philadelphia Orchestra.

Montreal Symphony Orchestra
The Montreal Symphony Orchestra (French: Orchestre symphonique de Montréal, or OSM) is a Canadian symphony orchestra based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.  The orchestra’s home is the Montreal Symphony House at Place des Arts.
Paulo de Azevedo
Duarte Paulo Teixeira de Azevedo (Porto, 31 December 1965), is since 2000 chairman of Sonaecom, son and successor of the founder of the business empire Sonae, Belmiro de Azevedo, former chairman of the Board of Directors of the company. Paulo de Azevedo in 2007 assumed the leadership of the Sonae Group, succeeding his father.

Sonae
Sonae is a multinational business group headquartered in Maia, Portugal. It operates in 90 countries, working in various sectors, among which retail (food, electronics, and fashion), real estate, media and telecommunications, technology investments, and financial services stand out.

It is the largest private employer in Portugal, with a total of 48,222 employees. On February 17, 2022, the company's CEO, Cláudia Azevedo, announced a restructuring of the company's image and its respective subsidiaries.

Sonae is listed on the Euronext PSI-20 in Lisbon, with the code SON.
Constructive developmental framework
The constructive developmental framework (CDF) is a theoretical framework for epistemological and psychological assessment of adults. The framework is based on empirical developmental research showing that an individual's perception of reality is an actively constructed "world of their own", unique to them and which they continue to develop over their lifespan.

CDF was developed by Otto Laske based on the work of Robert Kegan and Michael Basseches, Laske's teachers at Harvard University. The CDF methodology involves three separate instruments that respectively measure a person's social–emotional stage, cognitive level of development, and psychological profile. It provides three epistemological perspectives on individual clients as well as teams. These constructs are designed to probe how an individual and/or group constructs the real world conceptually, and how close an individual's present thinking approaches the complexity of the real world.

Robert Kegan
Robert Kegan (born August 24, 1946) is an American developmental psychologist. He is a licensed psychologist and practicing therapist, lectures to professional and lay audiences, and consults in the area of professional development and organization development.

He was the William and Miriam Meehan Professor in Adult Learning and Professional Development at Harvard Graduate School of Education. He taught there for forty years until his retirement in 2016. He was also Educational Chair for the Institute for Management and Leadership in Education and the co-director for the Change Leadership Group.
Public art in Barcelona
Public art in Barcelona is a designated group of monuments and outdoor sculptures in the city. The artworks in city's architecture and network of museums, parks, and gardens, put an artistic stamp on the Catalan capital. Public art in the city developed in the 19th century, although the first municipal commission was the 1673 monument to Saint Eulalia in Pedró Square.

Artworks are typically located in niches and on the façades of public buildings. They are concentrated because of the city's enclosure by medieval defensive walls. The walls were demolished in the 19th century, sparking a boom in public works such as Ildefons Cerdà's Eixample project.

The city annexed several municipalities in the early 20th century, increasing the space available for public art. Some were commissioned for particular events such as the 1888 and 1929 Expositions, the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures.

Eulalia of Barcelona
Eulalia (c. 289 – February 12, 303), co-patron saint of Barcelona, was a 13-year-old Roman Christian virgin who was martyred in Barcelona during the persecution of Christians in the reign of emperor Diocletian (the Sequence of Saint Eulalia mentions his co-emperor the "pagan king" Maximian). There is some dispute as to whether she is the same person as Eulalia of Mérida, whose story is similar.
Women of San Quentin
Women of San Quentin is a 1983 TV movie about female prison guards at San Quentin Prison. It was directed by William A. Graham and stars Stella Stevens and Debbie Allen.

It was based on a story by Larry Cohen. He had gone to San Quentin to research a different project and was intrigued by finding a female guard there. He sold it to television but says it was rewritten and changed from the story he originally conceived.

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
Antoine de Pas de Feuquières
Antoine de Pas, Marquis de Feuquières (16 April 1648 – 27 January 1711) was a French writer and soldier, who served in the wars of Louis XIV.  He was the son of diplomat Isaac de Pas de Feuquières and grandson of Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres.

François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg
François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg (8 January 1628 – 4 January 1695), and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame" (Le Tapissier de Notre-Dame), was a French general and Marshal of France. A comrade and successor of the Great Condé, he was one of the most accomplished military commanders of the early modern period and is particularly noted for his exploits in the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Grand Alliance. Not imposing physically, as he was a slight man and hunchbacked, Luxembourg was nonetheless one of France's greatest generals.
Henrik Sjögren
Henrik Samuel Conrad Sjögren (UK: /ˈʃɜːɡrɛn/, US: /ˈʃoʊɡrɛn/, Swedish: [ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn]; 23 July 1899, Köping – 17 September 1986, Lund) was a Swedish ophthalmologist best known for describing the eponymous condition Sjögren's disease, previously known as Sjögren syndrome. His first experience with the syndrome was an encounter with a 49-year-old woman with arthritis and extreme dryness of the mouth and eyes. He presented 19 similar cases for his doctoral theses in 1933 that eventually served as the basis of identifying and naming of Sjögren syndrome.

Xerostomia
Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a subjective complaint of dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

This symptom is very common and is often seen as a side effect of many types of medication. It is more common in older people (mostly because individuals in this group are more likely to take several medications) and in people who breathe through their mouths. Dehydration, radiotherapy involving the salivary glands, chemotherapy and several diseases can cause reduced salivation (hyposalivation), or a change in saliva consistency and hence a complaint of xerostomia. Sometimes there is no identifiable cause, and there may sometimes be a psychogenic reason for the complaint.
Red Mountain (Skagit County, Washington)
Red Mountain is a 7,662-foot (2,335-metre) summit in the North Cascades of Washington, United States. It is located in Skagit County, within North Cascades National Park and the Stephen Mather Wilderness. It is situated on a smooth ridge of brick-red color at the western culmination of Ragged Ridge. The nearest higher peak is Cosho Peak, 2.6 miles (4.2 km) to the east-southeast.

Like many peaks of the North Cascades, Red Mountain is more notable for its large, steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 4,260 feet (1,298 meters) above Fisher Creek in 1.5 miles (2.4 km). Precipitation runoff from Red Mountain drains to the Skagit River via Panther and Fisher Creeks.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
Stygiomedusa
Stygiomedusa gigantea, commonly known as the giant phantom jelly, is the only known species in the monotypic genus of deep sea jellyfish, Stygiomedusa. It is in the Ulmaridae family. With only around 118 sightings in 110 years, it is a jellyfish that is rarely seen, but believed to be widespread throughout the world, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's remotely operated underwater vehicles have only sighted the jelly 27 times in 27 years. A study conducted by the Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, focusing on four Stygiomedusa gigantea present in the Gulf of Mexico, revealed information regarding the wider distribution of this species. S. gigantea is thought to be one of the largest invertebrate predators in the ecosystem. It is commonly found in the ocean's midnight zone, and twilight zone usually at depths of 6,665 m (21,867 ft).

Mesopelagic zone
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (660 to 3,280 ft) below the ocean surface.

The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture.
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (novel)
Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (Ukrainian: «Тіні забутих предків», romanized: Tini zabutyh predkiv) is a novel by Ukrainian writer Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky written in 1911 and inspired by his stay in the Hutsul region. The work described the love of Ivan and Marichka, two Hutsuls from rival families, which ends tragically for both. It focuses on aspects of Hutsul life and incorporates elements of folklore.

In 1960, a ballet with music by Vitaly Kyreiko was staged based on the book. In 1964, a film adaptation of the novel by Sergei Parajanov was screened.

Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky
Mykhailo Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky (Ukrainian: Михайло Михайлович Коцюбинський; 17 September  1864 – 25 April 1913) was a Ukrainian author whose writings described typical Ukrainian life at the start of the 20th century. Kotsiubynsky's early stories were described as examples of an ethnographic realism; in the years to come, with his style of writing becoming more and more sophisticated, he evolved into one of the most talented Ukrainian impressionist and modernist writers. The popularity of his novels later led to some of them being made into Soviet movies.
SPA Alicante CF
Sporting Plaza de Argel Alicante Club de Fútbol, also known formerly as Sporting Plaza de Argel or Hércules CF Femenino, is a Spanish women's football club from Alicante currently playing in Segunda División's Group 4.

Tercera Federación (women)
The Tercera Federación FUTFEM is the fourth tier of league competition for Spanish women's football. It is the female equivalent of the men's Segunda División RFEF and is run by the Real Federación Española de Fútbol.
William E. Reynolds
William Edward Reynolds (11 January 1860 – 25 January 1944) served as the fifth Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, from 1919 to 1924.

During the early part of his military career, Reynolds spent much of his time aboard various vessels in the Revenue Cutter Service and its successor agency, the United States Coast Guard. He took an active interest in the education of officers as superintendent of the Revenue Cutter Service School of Instruction by increasing and modernizing the curriculum. The period after World War I when he served as Commandant was one of manpower shortages and personnel problems as well as questions about whether the Treasury Department or the Navy Department should control the Coast Guard. Reynolds was able to guide the service through the difficulties of control and actually increased the number of vessels and men serving under him.

Ellsworth P. Bertholf
Ellsworth Price Bertholf (7 April 1866 – 11 November 1921) was a Congressional Gold Medal recipient who later served as the fourth Captain-Commandant of the United States Revenue Cutter Service and because of the change in the name of the agency in 1915, the fourth Commandant of the United States Coast Guard. His leadership during his tenure as Commandant was critical to the U.S. Coast Guard's survival at a time when outside agencies wanted to either take it over or split its missions up among several agencies.
Moses Kuaea
Moses Kuaea (c. 1824 – May 5, 1884) was a Native Hawaiian clergyman and politician of the Hawaiian Kingdom. He was pastor of the Kaumakapili Church from 1874 to 1882 and was known as an eloquent preacher. During his time at the pulpit, he helped fundraise for the second building of the church which was completed in 1888 and later burned down in 1900. In 1874, he gave a speech lauding the new elected King Kalākaua prior to his state visit to the United States. After Kalākaua's return to Hawaii, he appointed Kuaea a member of the Privy Council of State and as his Minister of Finance from August 14 to September 27, 1880. After his brief stint in politic, Kuaea returned to preaching at Kaumakapili until his resignation in 1882 due to illness. He died in 1884.

Ministry of Finance (Hawaii)
The Minister of Finance (Hawaiian: Kuhina Waiwai) was a powerful office in the Kingdom of Hawaii, the Provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii from 1842 to 1900. It made up one of the four offices of the monarchical or presidential cabinet which advised the Head of State of Hawaii on executive affairs. During the monarchy, ministers were also ex-officio members of the Privy Council and the House of Nobles in the legislature. During the republic, ministers were ex-officio members of both houses of the legislature. The head of state had the power to appoint the ministers but later Hawaiian constitutions limited the power the head of state had in removing the cabinet ministers by requiring a vote of no confidence from a majority of the elective members of the legislature. All acts of the head of state had to be countersigned by a minister.
Razip Ismail
Mohamed Razip bin Ismail or popularly known as Razip Ismail (born 23 April 1962) is a Malaysian former football player and coach. His preferred playing position is as a defender. His last job was as the manager of MOF FC in 2018.

MOF F.C.
The Ministry of Finance Football Club was a football club based in Putrajaya, Malaysia. They last played in the third-tier Malaysia FAM League. The football section was managed under the sports and recreational club of Malaysian Ministry of Finance, the Khazanah Treasury Club.
George McDonald (American football)
George McDonald (born May 10, 1976) (also known as George McDonald-Ashford) is an American football coach.  He is currently the wide receivers coach and passing game coordinator for Ole Miss.

McDonald previously served as an assistant coach at Syracuse, Arkansas, Miami, Minnesota, Western Michigan, Stanford, Northern Illinois, Ball State, and with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).

McDonald is well-regarded for his ability to recruit South Florida and his native California.

Minnesota Golden Gophers football
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships, including four (1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll.

Since 2009, the Golden Gophers have played all their home games at Huntington Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The team is currently coached by P. J. Fleck.
Durbar Marg
Durbar Marg or Durbarmarg (Nepali: दरबारमार्ग; informally known as King's way) is a broad, long avenue in the Nepali capital, Kathmandu. It can be considered the heart of the city, akin to the Champs Elysées and the chief avenues of many capitals. As it leads to the Royal Palace of Narayanhiti, it is also known the King's Way among foreigners, Durbar meaning, as in the Moghul Empire, a royal gathering or court. It is a major tourist draw, vying with Thamel. It is flanked by luxury hotels (e.g. Hotel Del' Annapurna), restaurants serving international cuisine, global shopping brand outlets in refined centres including expensive boutiques, travel agencies, a couple of embassies, commercial banking headquarters, and premium real estate such as international airline offices.

Narayanhiti Palace Museum
The Narayanhiti Palace Museum (Nepali: नारायणहिटी दरवार सङ्ग्रहालय) is a public museum in Kathmandu, Nepal located east of the Kaiser Mahal and next to Thamel. The museum was created in 2008 from the complex of the former Narayanhiti Palace (or Narayanhiti Durbar) following the 2006 revolution. Before the revolution, the palace was the residence and principal workplace of the monarch of the Kingdom of Nepal, and hosted occasions of state.

The existing palace complex was built by order of King Mahendra in 1963, and incorporates an impressive array of courtyards, gardens and buildings.
Mauro Rodrigues
Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Teixeira (born 15 April 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Swiss club Yverdon. Born in Portugal, Rodrigues represents the Guinea-Bissau national team.

Guinea-Bissau national football team
The Guinea-Bissau national football team (Portuguese: Seleção nacional de futebol da Guiné-Bissau) represents Guinea-Bissau in men's international association football and it is controlled by the Football Federation of Guinea-Bissau, The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cups but qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations four times, making their debut in 2017. The team is a member of both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF).