hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eduard Rubin
Eduard Alexander Rubin (17 July 1846 – 6 July 1920) was a Swiss mechanical engineer and artillery officer. Rubin has been credited with the development of the full metal jacket bullet in 1882. However, the earliest documented development of the design is attributed to Oberstleutnant Julius Emil Bode, who produced an unsoldered copper-jacketed bullet in 1876. Rubin developed the 7.5×55mm Swiss cartridge, the Schmidt-Rubin rifle, the Rubin-Fornerod ignition mechanism and the use of TNT and ammonium nitrate to replace gunpowder in artillery shells. Rubin's fully copper clad bullets were also the inspiration for the full metal jacket bullets introduced in 1886 for the Lebel rifle.

Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, but does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.

Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, an industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.

Many countries are phasing out its use in consumer applications due to concerns over its potential for misuse. Accidental ammonium nitrate explosions have killed thousands of people since the early 20th century. Global production was estimated at 21.6 million tonnes in 2017. By 2021, global production of ammonium nitrate was down to 16.7 million tonnes.
Flying Devils
Flying Devils (a.k.a. The Flying Circus or Flying Circus) is a 1933 American Pre-Code action film dealing with aviation. The film was directed by former Hollywood agent Russell Birdwell and photographed by film noir cinematographer Nicholas Musuraca. The screenplay was written by Byron Morgan and Louis Stevens, based on an original story by Stevens. In an unusual move, Bruce Cabot was the star, with perennial "good guy" Ralph Bellamy playing the villain in a love triangle involving Arline Judge and Eric Linden. Although considered a "B" feature, audiences enjoyed the aerial scenes, which helped elevate the feature to a minor box-office hit.

Bruce Cabot
Bruce Cabot (born Étienne de Pelissier Bujac Jr.; April 20, 1904 – May 3, 1972) was an American film actor, best remembered as Jack Driscoll in King Kong (1933) and for his roles in films such as The Last of the Mohicans (1936), Fritz Lang's Fury (1936), and the Western Dodge City (1939). He was also known as one of "Wayne's Regulars", appearing in a number of John Wayne films beginning with Angel and the Badman (1947), and concluding with Big Jake (1971).
Going for a Beer: Selected Short Fictions
Going for a Beer: Selected Short Fictions is a collection of short fiction by Robert Coover, published in 2018 by W. W. Norton & Company. These stories were originally published in periodicals.

The pieces in Going for a Beer are selections from previously published volumes: Pricksongs & Descants (1969), In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters (1983), and A Night at the Movies, Or, You Must Remember this: Fictions (1987).

The collection includes Coover’s most anthologized story, “The Babysitter.”

In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters
In Bed One Night & Other Brief Encounters is a collection of short fiction by Robert Coover. The stories originally appeared in periodicals and were first collected in 1983 by Burning Deck Press, issued in a limited edition.

The pieces in the volume may be classified as prose poems ("proems") or "metafictional exercises".
Mel Ferrer
Melchor Gastón Ferrer (August 25, 1917 – June 2, 2008) was an American actor, director, and producer, active in film, theatre, and television. He achieved prominence on Broadway before scoring notable film hits with Scaramouche (1952), Lili (1953), and Knights of the Round Table (also 1953). He starred opposite his wife, actress Audrey Hepburn, in War and Peace (1956) and produced her film Wait Until Dark (1967).

Beginning in the 1970s, Ferrer acted extensively in Italian films and appeared in several cult hits, including The Antichrist (1974), The Black Corsair (1976) and Nightmare City (1980). He was also a co-founder of the La Jolla Playhouse.

Nightmare City
Nightmare City (Italian: Incubo sulla città contaminata; released in the US as City of the Walking Dead) is a 1980 science-fiction horror film directed by Umberto Lenzi. It stars Hugo Stiglitz as a TV news reporter who witnesses the collapse of order in a city overrun by irradiated blood-drinking ghouls. Victims rise from the dead to join the host, adding to the chaos. The film was an international co-production film between Italy, Spain and Mexico.
Ryan Hanley
Ryan Hanley is a British professor of history at the University of Exeter. He specialises in race and slavery in modern Britain, with a focus on the perspectives of people of African descent.

He is notable for being one of only two historians to have been awarded both the Alexander Prize and the Whitfield Book Prize from the Royal Historical Society. In 2023, Hanley was awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize "for his work on Black British history, history and cultures of British anti-slavery, and class and ‘race’ in Britain."

Whitfield Book Prize
The Whitfield Book Prize is a prize of £1,000 awarded annually by the Royal Historical Society to the best work on a subject of British or Irish history published within the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland during the calendar year. To be eligible for the award, the book must be the first history work published by the author.
Acacia fasciculifera
Acacia fasciculifera, commonly known as scrub ironbark, rosewood, rose wattle, or scaly bark, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is a tree with pendulous, glabrous branchlets, narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic phyllodes, spherical heads of creamy-coloured flowers and linear, thinly leathery pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
St. Anthony East, Minneapolis
St. Anthony East is a neighborhood of the Northeast community in Minneapolis. It is located in Ward 3, currently represented by council member Michael Rainville.

The neighborhood's boundaries are Broadway Street NE to the north, Central Avenue to the east and southeast, 2nd Avenue to the south, 5th Street NE to the southwest, and Washington Street to the west.
44°59′40″N 93°15′06″W﻿ / ﻿44.9945°N 93.2517°W﻿ / 44.9945; -93.2517

Minneapolis City Council
The Minneapolis City Council is the legislative branch of the city of Minneapolis in Minnesota, United States. Comprising 13 members, the council holds the authority to create and modify laws, policies, and ordinances that govern the city. Each member represents one of the 13 wards in Minneapolis, elected for a four-year term. The current council structure has been in place since the 1950s.

In recent elections, council membership has been dominated by the Minneapolis Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL). As of 2026, 12 members identified with the DFL, while four identified with Democratic Socialists of America (three members identify as both DFL and DSA). Until the 2021 Minneapolis municipal election, the city's government structure was considered a weak-mayor, strong-council system. However, a strong-mayor charter amendment was passed, and since 2021, the mayor holds executive power and the council has purely legislative duties.
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin is a dark ride located at the Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland theme parks, based on the 1988 Touchstone/Amblin film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Both versions of the attraction are located in Mickey's Toontown. The Disneyland version opened on January 26, 1994, a year after the Mickey's Toontown area opened, and the Tokyo Disneyland version opened on April 15, 1996. In December 2021, the Disneyland version was updated to include a new plot element of Jessica Rabbit in the role of a detective who is determined to stop a crime wave in Toontown.

Fantasyland
Fantasyland is one of the "themed lands" at all of the Disneyland-style parks run by The Walt Disney Company around the world. It is themed after Disney's animated fairy tale feature films. Each Fantasyland has a castle, as well as several gentle rides themed after those Disney animated feature films.
Kubrick stare
The Kubrick stare is a technique used to portray insane or unstable characters in film. In a Kubrick stare, an actor looks out from under the brow line and tilts their head towards the camera. Deemed "one of cinema's most recognizable shots" by film critic Robbie Collin, the technique is named after Stanley Kubrick, who often used it, but it has also been used by other directors before and since. The term was coined by cinematographer Douglas Milsome to describe one of Alex's facial expressions in the Kubrick film A Clockwork Orange (1971).

Film critics have noted the Kubrick stare for its ability to break the fourth wall and to evoke fear. Collin has written about how some actors are more suited to perform the Kubrick stare because of their facial structures.

Douglas Milsome
Douglas Milsome BSC, ASC (born 1939) is an English cinematographer.

A former camera operator for John Alcott on films like A Clockwork Orange, Barry Lyndon, and The Shining, Milsome worked on Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket, following Alcott's death in 1986.
Dhwanil Parekh
Dhwanil Ravindrabhai Parekh (b. 28 October 1976 ) is a Gujarati language poet, critic and playwright from Gujarat, India. His significant works include Dariyo Bhalene Maane (2008; Ghazal anthology), Antim Yuddha (2009; drama) and Sanket (2011; critical works). He won Yuva Puraskar of Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi for his work Antim Yuddha in 2011. He is also a recipient of Yuva Gaurav Puraskar of 2008 instituted by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi.

Yuva Puraskar
The Yuva Puraskar, also known as Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar, is an annual literary award conferred by Sahitya Akademi on young writers of outstanding works in 24 Indian languages. Instituted in 2011, it recognises writers under 35, with the aim of encouraging and promoting young writers.

The award comprises a cash prize of ₹50,000 and an engraved copper plaque. It is usually announced alongside Bal Sahitya Puraskar.
The Happy Valley
The Happy Valley is a British television drama, first shown on BBC1 on 6 September 1987 in the Sunday Premiere strand. It was written by David Reid, directed by Ross Devenish, and produced by Cedric Messina. It stars Holly Aird as Juanita Carberry, Michael Byrne as her violent father, and Denholm Elliott as Jock Delves Broughton.

Michael Byrne (actor)
Michael Byrne (born 7 November 1943) is a British actor known for his roles in the National Theatre, Hollywood films, and television shows. During his career he has performed a wide variety of roles, that include several films in which he has played German military roles.
Mt Ida (Ellicott City, Maryland)
Mt Ida is a historic home in Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland. 
Mt. Ida was built for William Ellicott, grandson of one of the city's founding brothers, Andrew Ellicott in 1828. It was built by Charles Timanus, who was also the principal builder of the neighboring Patapsco Female Institute and the Howard County Courthouse. Judge John Snowden Tyson and family lived at the residence from the 1850s, with his daughter Ida Tyson, for whom the mansion is now named, remaining in the house until the age of 90 in the 1920s. Ownership passed hands again to John Ward Wilson, then the influential Clark Family Commissioner Charles E. Miller attempted to rezone the property to convert the mansion into office buildings in 1972. As of 2013, the mansion was owned by the Miller Land Company.

Patapsco Female Institute
Patapsco Female Institute (PFI) is a former girls' boarding school, now a partially rebuilt historical site, located on Church Road in Ellicott City, Maryland, United States.  The grounds are home to outdoor theatrical performances by The Chesapeake Shakespeare Company. In the 1930s the Institute was also known as "Warwick".
Hintertux Glacier
The Hintertux Glacier (German: Hintertuxer Gletscher) is the tourist name for the glaciers of the Gefrorene-Wand-Kees, also called the Tuxer Ferner, and the nearby Riepenkees at the top of the Tuxertal, a side valley of the Zillertal in the Austrian state of Tyrol. At its highest point the ski region reaches a height of 3,250 m (10,660 ft) in the saddle between the peaks of the Gefrorene-Wand-Spitzen.

The Hintertux Glacier is one of two ski resorts in the world offering skiing all year round. Both glaciers can be accessed by gondola and chair lifts.

Zillertal
The Ziller Valley (German: Zillertal) is a valley in Tyrol, Austria that is drained by the Ziller River. It is the widest valley south of the Inn Valley (German: Inntal) and lends its name to the Zillertal Alps, the strongly glaciated section of the Alps in which it lies. The Tux Alps lie to its west, while the lower grass peaks of the Kitzbühel Alps are found to the east.

The Ziller Valley is one of the valley areas in Tyrol most visited by tourists. Its largest settlement is Mayrhofen.
T. A. Hughes
Thomas A. Hughes was an American politician and businessman from Arizona.  He served a single term in the Arizona State House of Representatives during the 3rd Arizona State Legislature, and a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 4th Arizona State Legislature.  He owned an insurance agency in Bisbee, Arizona, and later served as an officer of the Hartford Indemnity and Insurance Company.

3rd Arizona State Legislature
The 3rd Arizona State Legislature, consisting of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives, was constituted from January 1, 1917, to December 31, 1918, during the first term of Thomas Edward Campbell, which was contested, and he left office after serving less than a year (January 1 – December 25, 1917) and the third term of George W. P. Hunt as Governor of Arizona, in Phoenix.  The number of senators and representatives remained constant at 19 and 35, respectively.  The Republicans made modest gains in both houses, gaining 4 seats in both the Senate and the House, leaving Democrats with a 14–5 majority in the Senate and 31–4 majority in the House.
Jasmine Matthews
Jasmine Matthews (born 24 March 1993) is an English footballer who plays as a defender for FA Women's National League club Burnley.

She has previously played for Women's Super League clubs for Liverpool and Bristol City, as well as English under-17, under-19 and under-23 national teams.

Bristol City W.F.C.
Bristol City Women's Football Club is a women's association football team from the city of Bristol. Formed in 1998 as Bristol Rovers W.F.C., they were renamed Bristol Academy W.F.C. in 2005 following the withdraw of support from Bristol Rovers and increased involvement and academy development from Bristol Academy of Sport (now SGS Sport), part of South Gloucestershire and Stroud College. A second change of name, this time to Bristol City was approved by the FA Women's Football Board in time for the 2016 WSL season. With their home games relocating from SGS College's Stoke Gifford Stadium to the Robins High Performance Centre and now Ashton Gate Stadium.  Bristol City Women won promotion to the FA Women's Super League (WSL), the highest level of the women's game in England in 2016 and stayed there for five seasons before being relegated to the FA Women's Championship in 2021.
Siege of Santhome
The siege of Santhome (1558) was a military campaign led by Rama Raya of Vijayanagara against the Portuguese settlement of Santhome of Mylapore. Portuguese records provide limited details, Indian sources suggest that Rama Raya’s forces, numbering around 500,000 troops, surrounded the city while a separate Vijayanagara contingent besieged Goa to prevent reinforcements. The Portuguese opted for negotiation over resistance. A ransom of 100,000 pagodas was imposed, and five leading citizens were taken hostage until full payment was made.

Rama Raya
Rama Raya (1484 – 23 January 1565) was a statesman of the Vijayanagara Empire, the son-in-law of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya and the progenitor of the Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire, the fourth and last dynasty of the empire. As a regent, he was the de facto ruler of the empire from 1542 to 1565, although legally the emperor during this period was Sadasiva Raya, who was merely a puppet ruler. Rama Raya was killed at the Battle of Talikota, after which the Vijayanagara Empire got fragmented into several semi-independent principalities paying only nominal allegiance to the empire.
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Ge'ez: ቴዎድሮስ አድሓኖም ገብረኢየሱስ, sometimes spelled ቴድሮስ ኣድሓኖም ገብረየሱስ; born 3 March 1965) is an Ethiopian public health official, researcher, diplomat, and the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2017. He is the first African to become WHO Director-General, receiving an endorsement for the role by the African Union. Tedros played a role in the response to the Ebola virus epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak.

Prior to serving as Director-General, he held two high-level positions in the government of Ethiopia: Minister of Health from 2005 to 2012 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. Tedros was included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020.

Federal government of Ethiopia
The federal government of Ethiopia (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ መንግሥት, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā mängəst) is structured in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government. The prime minister is chosen by the lower chamber of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Federal legislative power is vested in both the federal government and the two chambers of parliament. The judiciary is more or less independent of the executive and the legislature. They are governed under the 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia. There is a bicameral parliament made of the 108-seat House of Federation and the 547-seat House of Peoples' Representatives. The House of Federation has members chosen by the regional councils to serve five-year terms. The House of Peoples' Representatives is elected by direct election, who in turn elect the president for a six-year term.
General Electric Catalyst
The General Electric Catalyst (formerly Advanced Turboprop, or ATP) is a turboprop engine by GE Aerospace.

It was announced on 16 November 2015 and will power the Beechcraft Denali, it first ran on December 22, 2017, and was certificated in February 2025.

The 850 to 1,600 hp (630 to 1,190 kW) engine aims for 20% better efficiency than its competition thanks to a 16:1 overall pressure ratio, variable stator vanes, cooled turbine blades, 3D printed parts and FADEC.

FADEC
In aviation, a full authority digital engine (or electronics) control (FADEC) (/ˈfeɪdɛk/) is a system consisting of a digital computer, called an "electronic engine controller" (EEC) or "engine control unit" (ECU), and its related accessories that control all aspects of aircraft engine performance. FADECs have been produced for both piston engines and jet engines.
2013 Kenn Borek Air DHC-6 crash
On 23 January, 2013, a Kenn Borek Air de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300, operating a ferry flight in Antarctica from Jack F. Paulus Skiway, at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, to the Zucchelli Station, crashed into the side of Mount Elizabeth. All three crew members on board were killed. An investigation into the accident found out that the pilots turned the plane too early, entering an area of adverse weather and putting the aircraft into a collision course with the mountain.

Zucchelli Station
Zucchelli Station is an Italian seasonal research station in Antarctica, located at Terra Nova Bay on a granitic headland along the coast of the Northern Foothills to the north-east of Gerlache Inlet. It has been named after Mario Zucchelli, director of the activities, which conducted for sixteen years, for the ENEA-Unità Tecnica Antartide as part of the National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA).

The main functions carried out by the Station are:

logistic support to scientific personnel operating in remote fields

logistical and operational support to the oceanographic ship

support to research activities with laboratories and instrumentation

support to personnel and material in transit for Concordia Station

support to air operations
Bigroom Blitz
"Bigroom Blitz" (also stylized as "Big Room Blitz") is the 2014 single by German musical group Scooter featuring American rapper Wiz Khalifa. It was released as the first single from their seventeenth album The Fifth Chapter. The song samples Turkish singer Sezen Aksu's song "Hadi Bakalım" from her 1991 studio album Gülümse. The vocals by Wiz Khalifa were cut from the 2013 song "Yoko" by Berner feat. Wiz Khalifa, Chris Brown and Big K.R.I.T. and were replaced on the re-release (by just "Scooter", not "feat. Wiz Khalifa") and the album with the vocals by Cosmo Hickox due to copyright violations. The track has become their first chart entry in France in 12 years, showing the most long-standing performance there since the release of "Move Your Ass!" in 1995.

Move Your Ass!
"Move Your Ass!" is a song by German band Scooter, released in January 1995, by Club Tools, as the second single from their first studio album, ...and the Beat Goes On! (1995). In October of the same year, a Move Your Ass EP was marketed in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This rave song was a hit in countries such as Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland where it reached the top ten. In France, the song reached number 11.

"Move Your Ass" was the introduction to Scooter in the UK, being the first of their many releases to enter the UK top 40. It was first released there on 1 April 1995, but it stalled at number 98 on the chart before dropping out of the top 100 altogether. It saw a re-release on 21 October 1995, when it entered the UK top 40 and peaked at number 23. It remained in the UK top 100 for four weeks.
2004 Top League Challenge Series
The 2004 Top League Challenge Series was the 2004 edition of the Top League Challenge Series, a second-tier rugby union competition in Japan, in which teams from regionalised leagues competed for promotion to the Top League for the 2004–05 season. The competition was contested from 10 to 24 January 2004.

IBM Big Blue and Toyota Verblitz won promotion to the 2004–05 Top League, while Kyuden Voltex and Toyota Industries Shuttles progressed to the promotion play-offs.

Toyota Industries Corporation Shuttles Aichi
Toyota Industries Corporation Shuttles Aichi (also called Toyota Jido Shokki as distinct from Toyota, which was renamed Toyota Verblitz) is a Japanese rugby team owned by Toyota Industries. They were promoted to Japan's top-flight league Top League for the first time in the 2010-11 season. Its home base is Kariya City. The team rebranded as Toyota Industries Shuttles Aichi ahead of the rebranding of the Top League to the Japan Rugby League One in 2022.