hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rank of a partition
In number theory and combinatorics, the rank of an integer partition is a certain number associated with the partition. In fact at least two different definitions of rank appear in the literature.  The first definition, with which most of this article is concerned, is that the rank of a partition is the number obtained by subtracting the number of parts in the partition from the largest part in the partition. The concept was introduced by Freeman Dyson in a paper published in the journal Eureka.  It was presented in the context of a study of certain congruence properties of the partition function discovered by the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan.  A different concept, sharing the same name, is used in combinatorics, where the rank is taken to be the size of the Durfee square of the partition.

Partition function (number theory)
In number theory, the partition function p(n) represents the number of possible partitions of a non-negative integer n. For instance, p(4) = 5 because the integer 4 has the five partitions 1 + 1 + 1 + 1, 1 + 1 + 2, 1 + 3, 2 + 2, and 4.

No closed-form expression for the partition function is known, but it has both asymptotic expansions that accurately approximate it and recurrence relations by which it can be calculated exactly. It grows as an exponential function of the square root of its argument. The multiplicative inverse of its generating function is the Euler function; by Euler's pentagonal number theorem, this function is an alternating sum of pentagonal number powers of its argument.

Srinivasa Ramanujan first discovered that the partition function has nontrivial patterns in modular arithmetic, now known as Ramanujan's congruences. For instance, whenever the decimal representation of n ends in the digit 4 or 9, the number of partitions of n will be divisible by 5.
Malcolm Chisholm
Malcolm George Richardson Chisholm (born 7 March 1949) is a former Scottish politician who served as Minister for Health and Community Care from 2001 to 2004 and Minister for Communities from 2004 to 2006. A member of the Scottish Labour Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Edinburgh North and Leith, formerly Edinburgh Leith, from 1992 to 2001 and Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the equivalent seat and its successor from 1999 to 2016.

Edinburgh Leith
Edinburgh Leith was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1997. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.

There was also an earlier Leith constituency, 1918 to 1950, and a yet earlier Leith Burghs constituency, 1832 to 1918.
Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council
24°03′16″N 120°41′48″E﻿ / ﻿24.054416045198°N 120.696749312406°E﻿ / 24.054416045198; 120.696749312406

The Taiwan Provincial Consultative Council (TPCC) was the council of the streamlined Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. In July 2018, all duties of the Taiwan Provincial Government and TPCC were transferred to the National Development Council and other ministries of the Executive Yuan.

National Development Council (Taiwan)
The National Development Council (NDC; traditional Chinese: 國家發展委員會; simplified Chinese: 国家发展委员会; pinyin: Guójiā Fāzhǎn Wěiyuánhuì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kok-ka Hoat-tián Úi-oân-hōe) is  the policy-planning agency of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan.
AEK-971
The AEK-971 (Russian: Автомат единый Кокшарова 971, "Automatic (rifle), Universal, (of) Koksharov, 971) is a selective fire 5.45×39mm assault rifle that features a balanced automatics recoil system, developed at the Kovrov Mechanical Plant (KMZ) by chief designer Stanislav Ivanovich Koksharov (Cyrilic: Станислав Иванович Кокшаров), also known as Sergey Koksharov, in the late 1970s and 1980s (currently manufactured by Degtyarev Plant). Variants in 5.56×45mm NATO (AEK-972) and 7.62×39mm (AEK-973) were also developed.

The 6P67 KORD and 6P68 KORD were developed for the Ratnik trials on 23 December 2014 and are based on the AEK-971 and AEK-973 respectively. The 6P67 KORD and 6P68 KORD feature numerous internal and external improvements over their predecessors and were later adopted by the special forces units (Spetsnaz) of the Russian Armed Forces.

5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.
Giovanni II Chiaramonte
Giovanni II Chiaramonte (c. 1290–1342), known as il Giovane, was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and the son of Manfredi I Chiaramonte. On his father’s death he inherited the County of Modica, and through his marriage to Eleonora, a natural daughter of King Frederick III of Sicily, strengthened the family’s alliance with the crown. He died in 1342 without legitimate male heirs, and the county passed to his cousin Manfredi II Chiaramonte.

County of Modica
The County of Modica was a feudal territory within the Kingdom of Sicily from 1296 to 1812. Its capital was Modica, on the southern tip of the island, although the cities of Ragusa and Scicli housed some government offices for a period. Today it is perpetuated only as a title held by the head of the House of Alba, Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba.
Steindöbra
Steindöbra is a river in Saxony, Germany. Above from its junction with Steinbach, it also takes the name of Mühlbach. It is a right tributary of the Brunndöbra, which it joins in Klingenthal.

Its spring is located roughly 850 m above sea level near the top of Mühlleiten pass in the western Ore Mountains. It flows south, traversing Sachsenberg-Georgenthal, a district of Klingenthal. After approximately three kilometers, it unites with the Brunndöbra and hence continues as Döbra, which in turn unites with the Svatava, its waters thus flowing via the Ohře and Elbe into the North Sea.

Before flowing into the Brunndöbra, a large portion of its course runs side by side with the track of the former meter-gauge light rail.

Svatava (river)
The Svatava (German: Zwota) is a river in the Czech Republic and Germany. It flows through Saxony in Germany and through the Karlovy Vary Region. It is a left tributary of the Ohře River. It is 41.0 km (25.5 mi) long.
1926 United States Senate election in Wisconsin
The 1926 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 2, 1926. Incumbent Senator Irvine Lenroot ran for a second term in office but lost the Republican primary to Governor John J. Blaine. Blaine won the general election over Democratic nominee Thomas Kearney and Socialist Leo Krzycki; his primary opposition, however, came from independent Republican candidate Charles D. Rosa.

Charles D. Rosa
Charles D. Rosa (September 15, 1870 – August 3, 1959) was an American jurist and politician.

Born in the town of Center, Rock County, Wisconsin, Rosa worked on a farm and on the railroad. He went to Evansville Seminary and Beloit Academy. He then graduated from Beloit College. Rosa served as principal of the Edgerton, Wisconsin public schools. Rosa graduated from University of Wisconsin Law School and practiced law in Beloit, Wisconsin; Rosa also taught commercial law at Beloit College. In 1906, Rosa was elected Beloit Municipal Court judge. He also was a farmer and livestock breeder. In 1911 and 1917, Rosa served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican. Later, Rosa served as chairman of the Wisconsin Tax Commission. He died in Madison, Wisconsin.
Austin Smotherman
Austin Smotherman (born May 19, 1994) is an American professional golfer. He played collegiate golf at Southern Methodist University and currently plays on the PGA Tour. He won the 2021 Simmons Bank Open on the Korn Ferry Tour.

Nashville Golf Open
The Simmons Bank Open is a golf tournament on the Korn Ferry Tour. It was first played in June 2016 as the Nashville Golf Open at the Nashville Golf & Athletic Club in Brentwood, Tennessee. After the event was canceled in 2020 due to COVID-19, it moved to The Grove in May 2021 as a regular season Korn Ferry event. Once it was named the 2022 Korn Ferry Tour Tournament of the Year, it was announced that the event would move to September to be a part of the Korn Ferry Tour Finals for the 2023 Korn Ferry Tour season and beyond. Beginning in 2024, the event moved to the Vanderbilt Legends Club's North Course as The Grove will be hosting LIV Golf Nashville's event.
St. Michael Archangel's Church, Turzańsk
St. Michael Archangel's Church in Turzańsk (Polish: Cerkiew św. Michała Archanioła w Turzańsku, Ukrainian: Церква Архангела Михаїла) is a nineteenth-century wooden church located in the village of Turzańsk. Along with various other tserkvas, it is designated as part of the UNESCO Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine.

Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine
The Wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine (Polish: Drewniane cerkwie regionu karpackiego w Polsce i na Ukrainie; Ukrainian: Дерев'яні церкви карпатського регіону Польщі та України, romanized: derev'yani tserkvy karpatsʹkoho rehionu Polʹshchi i Ukrayiny) are a group of wooden mainly Greek Catholic churches (in Ukrainian, церкви tserkvy, in Polish cerkwie) located in Poland and Ukraine which were inscribed in 2013 on the UNESCO World Heritage List which explains:

built of horizontal wooden logs between the 16th and 19th centuries by communities of Orthodox and Greek Catholic faiths. The tserkvas bear testimony to a distinct building tradition rooted in Orthodox ecclesiastic design interwoven with elements of local tradition, and symbolic references to their communities’ cosmogony. — World Heritage Centre
1999 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification
The 1999 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification or GP Challenge was a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the 14 riders that qualified for the 1999 Speedway Grand Prix to join the other 8 riders that finished in the leading positions from the 1998 Speedway Grand Prix.

The format was similar to the previous year, in that 4 riders would qualify straight from the Intercontinental and Continental finals and 8 riders would qualify through the GP Challenge. The remaining two places would go to Billy Hamill and Robert Dados (world U21 champion) who were seeded through.

Leigh Adams won the GP Challenge.

1999 Speedway Grand Prix
The 1999 Speedway Grand Prix was the 54th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider. It was the fifth season in the Speedway Grand Prix era and was used to determine the Speedway World Champion.
Nevin Saroya
Nevin Saroya (born 15 September 1980) is an English retired semi-professional footballer who played as a defender, making one appearance in the Football League for Brentford. Saroya also played for non-League clubs Hampton & Richmond Borough, Yeading, Hayes & Yeading United, Godalming Town and Maidenhead United. He also had a spell with Brisbane Premier League club Redlands United.

Brisbane Premier League
The Brisbane Premier League was the first tier of senior soccer in Brisbane, Queensland (fourth tier in Queensland and fifth overall in Australia). It was run and administered by Football Queensland Metro. The competition folded and was revamped in 2021 with Football Queensland's takeover of the league structure from Football Brisbane, where they formed the Football Queensland Premier League – Metro.
Jason and Medea (painting)
Jason and Medea is an oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite style created by John William Waterhouse in 1907.

The painting depicts the Colchian princess, Medea, preparing a magic potion for Jason to enable him to complete the tasks set for him by her father, Aeëtes.

Medea's determined facial expression shows a characterization consistent with that of Greek literature, particularly Euripides' tragedy Medea.

The painting is thematically and visually similar to Waterhouse's The Magic Circle.

The Magic Circle (Waterhouse paintings)
The Magic Circle is an 1886 oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite style by John William Waterhouse. Two copies of the painting were produced. The two paintings and a study depict a witch or sorceress using a wand to draw a fiery magic circle on the Earth to create a ritual space for her ceremonial magic.  As was common in the period, Waterhouse repeated his subject on a smaller scale, probably at the request of a collector.
Jong Ajax
Jong Ajax (Dutch pronunciation: [jɔŋ ˈaːjɑks]; lit. 'Young Ajax'), also referred to as Ajax II or Ajax 2, is the reserve team of Ajax. Based at the club's training complex, Sportpark De Toekomst, in Amsterdam, it has competed in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch professional football, since 2013.

Jong Ajax is the only reserve side to have won a Dutch professional league title, claiming the 2017–18 Eerste Divisie with a squad that included Noussair Mazraoui, Noa Lang and Danilho Doekhi. Under national regulations, the team cannot be promoted to the Eredivisie or enter the KNVB Cup. Its primary purpose is to develop players for Ajax's senior squad.

KNVB Cup
The KNVB Beker (pronounced [ˌkaːʔɛɱveːˈbeː ˈbeːkər]; English: KNVB Cup), branded as the Eurojackpot KNVB Beker for sponsorship reasons, is a competition in the Netherlands organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB) since 1898. It was based on the format of the English FA Cup. Outside the Netherlands, it is often referred to as the Dutch Cup. The tournament consists of all teams from the top four tiers of Dutch league football (Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie, Tweede Divisie and Derde Divisie), as well as the 24 semi-finalists (or replacements) of the six KNVB District Cups. The finals of the tournament traditionally takes place in De Kuip, and has been held there every season since the 1989 final. The winners of the cup compete against the winners of the Eredivisie for the Johan Cruyff Shield, (equivalent to a super cup) which acts as the curtain raiser for the following season.
211th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The 211th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Raised in western Pennsylvania in September 1864, the regiment initially served with the Army of the James during the Siege of Petersburg, holding trenches at Bermuda Hundred. In late November it transferred to the Army of the Potomac and during the northern hemisphere spring campaign fought in the counterattack during the Battle of Fort Stedman and the Union breakthrough at Petersburg. During the last days of the Appomattox Campaign it guarded trains, and participated in the Grand Review of the Armies following the end of the war before mustering out.

Bermuda Hundred, Virginia
Bermuda Hundred was the first administrative division in the English colony of Virginia. It was founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1613, six years after Jamestown. At the southwestern edge of the confluence of the Appomattox and James Rivers opposite City Point, annexed to Hopewell in 1923, Bermuda Hundred was a port town for many years. The terminology "Bermuda Hundred" also included a large area adjacent to the town. In the colonial era, "hundreds" were large developments of many acres, arising from the English term to define an area which would support 100 homesteads. The port at the town of Bermuda Hundred was intended to serve other "hundreds" in addition to Bermuda Hundred.

The area of the peninsula between the James and Appomattox Rivers on which Bermuda Hundred is located was part of the Bermuda Hundred Campaign of May 1864 during the American Civil War.

No longer a shipping port, Bermuda Hundred is now a small community in the southeastern portion of Chesterfield County.
Bay of Plenty rugby league team
The Bay of Plenty rugby league team (also known as the Bay of Plenty Lakers) are a New Zealand rugby league team who represents the Bay of Plenty Rugby League in New Zealand Rugby League competitions. Between 1994 and 1996 they competed in the Lion Red Cup competition, while in 2008 and 2009 they competed in the Bartercard Premiership.

Lion Red Cup
The Lion Red Cup  was a New Zealand domestic rugby league competition that ran from 1994 to 1996 sponsored by brewers Lion Nathan. It was created due to the increase in public awareness of domestic rugby league due to the Auckland Warriors being accepted into the Winfield Cup. The competition was a huge success in its inaugural year, although it made a massive loss financially. Throughout its three-year history it continued to make a loss, eventually being scrapped by the New Zealand Rugby League.
Collin Kelly and Jackson Lanzing
Collin Kelly and Jackson Lanzing are an American writing duo known primarily for their work on comics and streaming series. They are colloquially known as the "Hivemind."

They have worked for DC Comics, Marvel Comics, IDW Publishing and other independent comic companies. In 2023, they were nominated for the "Best New Series" Eisner Award for Star Trek. They were also the lead writers and executive producers for Kings of Atlantis (2017).

Kings of Atlantis
Kings of Atlantis is an American animation series produced exclusively for YouTube Premium (then known as YouTube Red) and YouTube Kids, based on and starring Cody Owen and Joseph Kenny, a Minecraft gaming duo known online as TheAtlanticCraft. The series premiered on April 7, 2017, and lasted one season which ended on May 26, 2017.

The 13 episodes series is based on various pop culture movies and series and co-produced by Omnia Media and Mighty Coconut. According to TubeFilter, Kings of Atlantis was the first YouTube Red original series for YouTube Kids.

Each 11-minute episode finds Cody and Joe in an adventure in the city of Atlantis.
Una Stubbs
Una Stubbs (1 May 1937 – 12 August 2021) was an English actress, television personality, and dancer who appeared on British television, in the theatre, and occasionally in films. She became known after appearing in the film Summer Holiday (1963) and later played Rita Rawlins in the BBC sitcoms Till Death Us Do Part (1965–1975) and In Sickness and in Health (1985–1992). Her other television roles include Aunt Sally in Worzel Gummidge (1979–1981) and Miss Bat in The Worst Witch (1998–2001). She also appeared as Sherlock Holmes's landlady Mrs. Hudson in the BAFTA-winning television series Sherlock (2010–2017) where she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the Crime Thriller Awards.

Crime Thriller Awards
The Crime Thriller Awards is a British awards ceremony dedicated to crime thriller fiction. The inaugural event was held on 3 October 2008 at the Grosvenor House Hotel, hosted by comedian and Jonathan Creek actor Alan Davies. It was televised on ITV3 on 6 October, produced by Cactus TV. The ceremony was preceded by seven weeks of crime-thriller-related programming on ITV3.

In 2009, the awards were merged with the Daggers, the awards presented by the Crime Writers' Association. A second "crime thriller season" was broadcast over six weeks on ITV3 before the awards were presented on 21 October. The 2009 ceremony was sponsored by the high street optician chain Specsavers.

The 2010 and 2011 awards ceremonies were presented by Marcus Brigstocke. Since 2012, Bradley Walsh has hosted the awards.
Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint
The men's sprint was a track cycling event held as part of the Cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics programme. It was held on 17 and 18 October 1964 at the Hachioji Velodrome. 39 cyclists from 22 nations competed. Nations were limited to two cyclists each. The event was won by Giovanni Pettenella of Italy, the nation's second consecutive and fourth overall victory in the men's sprint (trailing only France's five gold medals all-time). Sergio Bianchetto took silver, making it the second consecutive Games in which Italy had two men on the podium in the event. It was also the fifth straight Games with Italy taking at least silver. Daniel Morelon of France took bronze, the first of his record four medals in the event.

Daniel Morelon
Daniel Morelon (born 24 July 1944) is a retired French racing cyclist who was active between 1963 and 1980. He is a triple Olympic champion, eight times world champion, and a Knight of the National Order of Merit (Chevalier de l’Ordre national du Mérite).  Morelon was a police officer before becoming a cycling coach.
Going Left Right
"Going Left Right" is the second single by post-punk band Department S, released on 19 June 1981 on Stiff Records. It was their second single, following "Is Vic There?", and was produced by David Tickle.

Is Vic There?
"Is Vic There?" is a song by post-punk band Department S, released by Demon Records on 29 December 1980. It was their first single under the name Department S, after their debut single "I'm Gonna Rough My Girlfriend's Boyfriend Up Tonight" under the name Guns for Hire.

It was produced by former Mott the Hoople members Buffin and Overend Watts. The title is a quotation from a Monty Python sketch titled "Phone-In", which closed the comedy troupe's 1973 Matching Tie and Handkerchief album.
Colorado State Highway 120
State Highway 120 (SH 120) is a 7.186-mile-long (11.565 km) state highway in Fremont County, Colorado. SH 120's western terminus is at SH 115 east of Florence, and the eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 50 (US 50) east of Penrose.

Florence, Colorado
Florence is a statutory city located in Fremont County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 3,822 at the 2020 United States census. Florence is a part of the Cañon City, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The city lies along the Arkansas River in eastern Fremont County. It is near Federal Correctional Complex, Florence, a major U.S. federal prison complex that includes a supermax prison, ADX Florence.
Bromo-DragonFLY
Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as 3C-Bromo-Dragonfly or DOB-Dragonfly, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, DOx, and FLY families. It is taken orally. The drug has a delayed onset of up to 6 hours and a very long duration of up to 1 to 3 days.

Side effects of Bromo-DragonFLY include nausea and vomiting, headache, tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, panic attacks, pupil dilation, convulsions and vasoconstriction, among others. The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. It is also a potent monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor.

Bromo-DragonFLY was first described in the scientific literature by David E. Nichols and colleagues in 1998. It was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2006. The drug has been associated with an unusually high degree of toxicity and numerous hospitalizations and fatalities. It has become a controlled substance in various countries in the world.

Monoamine oxidase A
Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine. A mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed.