hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Liberal adult education in Finland
The Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland) defines the goal of liberal adult education as "From the basis of lifelong learning to promote the diversified development of people and to organize education that supports society's integrity, equality and active citizenship". Applying to liberal adult education is possible for anyone without the requirements of previous studies. The education does not grant you a degree, and its teaching content is not regulated by law. The educational institutions providing liberal adult education include civic centers, folk high schools, sports training centers, summer universities and study centers. The education is non-formal, in other words it does not lead to a degree.

Ministry of Education and Culture (Finland)
The Ministry of Education and Culture (Finnish: Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Swedish: Undervisnings- och kulturministeriet) is one of the twelve ministries in Finland. It prepares laws and oversees the administration of matters relating to education (such as daycare, schools and universities), and culture (such as  museums, libraries and arts), as well as sports and science.

The Ministry of Education and Culture is one of the oldest ministries in Finland. It was started as the Ecclesiastical Department in 1809, when the Grand Duchy of Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire.
Umzimkhulu Local Municipality
Umzimkhulu Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala wase Mzimkhulu; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Mzimkhulu) is a local municipality within the Harry Gwala District Municipality, in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Umzimkhulu is an isiXhosa and isiZulu word meaning "big/great house". Prior to the Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa in 2005, confirmed by the Thirteenth in 2007, it was part of the Eastern Cape.

About 90.8% of the population reside in rural areas, while the remaining 9.2% are urban-based. The municipality faces severe backlogs with respect to water, sanitation and electricity provision. In addition, road infrastructure remains poor and provides only limited access to the area.

Zulu language
Zulu (/ˈzuːluː/ ZOO-loo), or isiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken in, and indigenous to, Southern Africa with about 13.56 million native speakers, who primarily inhabit the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The word "KwaZulu-Natal" translates into English as "Home of the Zulu Nation is Natal". Zulu is the most widely spoken home language in South Africa (24% of the population), and it is understood by over 50% of its population. It became one of South Africa's 12 official languages in 1994.

According to Ethnologue, it is the second-most widely spoken of the Bantu languages, after Swahili. Like many other Bantu languages, it is written with the Latin alphabet.

In South African English, the language is often referred to in its native form, isiZulu.
Meridian (commuter rail)
Meridian was a commuter rail service that operated between 2013 and 2020 in Bavaria, Germany operated by the railway company Bayerische Oberlandbahn (BOB), owned by Transdev.

Since June 2020 these services run under the brand Bayerische Regiobahn (BRB) of Transdev.

Transdev
Transdev, formerly Veolia Transdev, is a France-based international private-sector company which operates public transport. It has operations in 17 countries and territories as of November 2020.

Transdev was formed on 3 April 2011 via the merger of Veolia Transport and Transdev S.A., being initially equally owned by Veolia Environnement and Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations (CDC), the former soon announced plans to divest its holding in the business. Early priorities of Transdev were to largely focus upon its four core markets (France, the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States) while disposing of its less profitable ventures based in most other countries to consolidate. At the time of merger, Transdev operated in 27 countries to varying extents. During January 2019, Veolia sold on its remaining 30% shareholding in Transdev to the Rethmann Group; the company has since integrated some of its subsidiaries with those of Transdev.
Maharaja Nandakumar
Maharaja Nandakumar (also known as Nuncomar; c. 1705 – died 5 August 1775) was an Indian tax collector for various regions in what is modern-day West Bengal. Nanda Kumar was born at Bhadrapur, which is now in Birbhum. Nandakumar was appointed by the East India Company to be the Dewan (tax collector) for Burdwan, Nadia and Hooghly in 1764, following the removal of Warren Hastings from the post.

In 1773, when Hastings was reinstated as governor-general of Bengal, Nandakumar brought accusations against him of accepting or giving bribes that were entertained by Sir Philip Francis and the other members of the Supreme Council of Bengal. However, Hastings overruled the council's charges. Thereafter, in 1775, he brought charges of document forgery against Nandakumar.  The Maharaja was tried under Elijah Impey, India's first Chief Justice, and friend of Warren Hastings, was found guilty, and hanged in Kolkata on 5 August 1775.

Nadia district
Nadia district (Bengali pronunciation: [nɔd̪iːaː]) is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies in the Presidency division. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north.

Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard form of modern Bengali, developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as the "Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. The district is still largely agricultural.
2009–10 Columbus Blue Jackets season
The 2009–10 Columbus Blue Jackets season was the team's tenth season of play in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Blue Jackets were unable to qualify for the playoffs, despite qualifying the previous year.

2009–10 NHL season
The 2009–10 NHL season was the 93rd season of operation (92nd season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). It ran from October 1, 2009—including four games in Europe on October 2 and 3—until April 11, 2010, with the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs running to June 9, 2010. A mid-season break from February 15 to February 28 occurred to allow participation of NHL players in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Because of the Winter Olympics break, there was no NHL All-Star Game for 2010. The Stanley Cup Final saw the Chicago Blackhawks defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in six games, for their first championship since the 1960–61 season.
Didem Balçın
Didem Balçın (born 18 May 1982) is a Turkish actress. She is famous for her role as 'Selcan Hatun' in the TV series, Diriliş: Ertuğrul, Kuruluş: Osman and as Fatma in franchise comedy films Çakallarla Dans.

Kuruluş: Osman
Kuruluş: Osman (lit. 'Establishment: Osman') is a historical fiction Turkish television series produced by Mehmet Bozdağ under Bozdağ Film. The series premiered on ATV in 2019. It shows Osman’s struggle to establish an independent beylik amid political rivalries, Mongol pressure, and conflicts with neighboring powers. The series continues Bozdağ Film’s Ottoman saga, serving as the successor to Diriliş: Ertuğrul and the predecessor to Kuruluş: Orhan.

The first episode of the series, directed by Metin Günay and written by Mehmet Bozdağ, was aired on 20th November 2019, on the ATV network and last episode of the series aired on June 4th 2025. The show was a continuation of the TRT 1 series Diriliş: Ertuğrul, which aired between 2014 and 2019.
Château de Bellevue
The Château de Bellevue (French: [ʃɑto d(ə) bɛlvy]; "Castle of Bellevue") was a small château built for Madame de Pompadour in 1750.  It was constructed on a broad plateau in Meudon, above a slope overlooking the Seine to the east, but was demolished in 1823 and little remains.

Petit Trianon
48°48′56″N 2°06′35″E﻿ / ﻿48.815639°N 2.109675°E﻿ / 48.815639; 2.109675

The Petit Trianon (French pronunciation: [pəti tʁijanɔ̃]; French for 'small Trianon') is a Neoclassical style château located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France. It was built between 1762 and 1768 during the reign of King Louis XV. The Petit Trianon was constructed within the gardens of a larger royal retreat known as the Grand Trianon.
Dunantspitze
The Dunantspitze (German for "Peak Dunant", 4,632 m), formerly called Ostspitze ("Eastern Peak"), is a peak of the Monte Rosa Massif in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. It is the second highest peak of the massif, after the Dufourspitze (4,634 m) and the second highest summit in Switzerland, but its prominence is only about 15 metres. At the time of its first ascent it was unclear which of the summits was the higher.

Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.
Johnny Heartsman
John Leroy "Johnny" Heartsman (February 9, 1936 – December 27, 1996) was an American electric blues and soul blues musician and songwriter. He showed musical diversity, playing a number of musical instruments, including the electronic organ and flute. He contributed his distinctive guitar playing to a number of recordings made in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1950s and 1960s. He continued playing until his death.

His best-known recording, "Johnny's House Party", was an R&B hit in 1957. Other notable tracks recorded by Heartsman are "Paint My Mailbox Blue" and "Heartburn". He variously worked with Jimmy McCracklin, Sugar Pie DeSanto, Big Mama Thornton, Ray Agee, Jimmy Wilson, Johnny Fuller, Al King, Tiny Powell and Joe Simon.

Sugar Pie DeSanto
Peylia Marsema Balinton (October 16, 1935 – December 20, 2024), known professionally as Sugar Pie DeSanto, was an American R&B singer and dancer, whose career in music flourished in the 1950s and 1960s.
Sheldrick Redwine
Sheldrick Darell Redwine (born November 6, 1996) is an American professional football safety for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes and was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the fourth round of the 2019 NFL draft. Redwine has also been a member of the New York Jets, Carolina Panthers, Miami Dolphins, Indianapolis Colts, Dallas Cowboys, and Washington Commanders.

2019 NFL draft
The 2019 NFL draft was the 84th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players for the 2019 NFL season. The draft was held on April 25–27 in Nashville. The first round was held on April 25, followed by the second and third rounds on April 26, and the draft concluded with rounds 4–7 on April 27. The draft featured a record-high 40 trades, surpassing the 37 which were made in 2017.
Shekhar C. Mande
Shekhar C. Mande (born 5 April 1962) is Structural and Computational Biologist. He was the Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, and the Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology.  Prior to this, he was the Director of National Centre for Cell Science, Pune.

He was awarded in 2005 the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, the highest science award in India,  in the Biological sciences category.

National Centre for Cell Science
The National Centre for Cell Science is a National Level, Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering and Tissue Banking research center located on the campus of University of Pune in Pune, India. The institute formerly known as National Facility for Animal Tissue and Cell Culture, is one of the premier research centers in India, which works on cell-culture, cell-repository, immunology, chromatin-remodelling.
The Scarlet Claw
The Scarlet Claw is a 1944 American mystery thriller film based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories. Directed by Roy William Neill and starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, it is the eighth film of the Rathbone/Bruce series. David Stuart Davies notes on the film's DVD audio commentary that it is generally considered by critics and fans of the series to be the best of the twelve Holmes films made by Universal. There are parallels with Conan Doyle's novel The Hound of the Baskervilles.

Basil Rathbone
Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. Born in South Africa and raised in Derbyshire, he rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers, and, occasionally, horror films.

Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series.

Rathbone's later career included roles on Broadway, as well as self-ironic film and television work. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play with two others. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Ambaland Forces
Ambaland Forces are an Ambazonian separatist militia. As of July 2018, it was described as a small "self-defense" group consisting of between 10 and 30 fighters. They tend to cooperate with larger militias, such as the Ambazonia Defence Forces, Southern Cameroons Defence Forces and the Tigers of Ambazonia.

Ambazonia Defence Forces
The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) are a military organization that fights for the independence of Ambazonia, a self-declared independent state in the Anglophone regions of the former Southern Cameroons, Cameroon. It was formally established by the Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) on 9 September 2017, the same day as the organization declared a war of independence.

Whereas other separatist militias have refrained from bringing the war outside the Anglophone regions, the ADF has taken a different stance. Since April 2021, the ADF has been allied with the Indigenous People of Biafra and its armed wing, the Eastern Security Network. Furthermore, then-AGovC leader Ayaba Cho Lucas declared in 2021 that if Cameroonians rise up against the government of Paul Biya, the ADF will support them militarily.
County Route 509 (New Jersey)
County Route 509 (CR 509) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway exists in two segments– one 0.95-mile (1.53 km) unsigned segment exists in northern Middlesex County while the signed mainline extends 25.78 miles (41.49 km) from North Avenue (Route 28) in Westfield to Straight Street (CR 504) in Paterson.

For two small stretches – in Clifton at the interchange with Route 19, and in Paterson as it crosses over the Passaic River – CR 509 splits into separate northbound and southbound alignments.

CR 509 intersects with the Garden State Parkway at Exit 138 in Kenilworth and again at Exit 148 in Bloomfield.

Paterson, New Jersey
Paterson (English pronunciation: /ˈpætɚsən/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, Paterson was the state's third-most-populous municipality, with a population of 159,732, an increase of 13,533 (+9.3%) from the 2010 census count of 146,199, which in turn reflected a decline of 3,023 (-2.0%) from the 149,222 counted in the 2000 census. The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 156,452 for 2023, making it the 168th-most populous municipality in the nation.

A prominent mill town within the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area, Paterson has been known as Silk City for its once-dominant role in silk production during the latter half of 19th century. It has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from Turkey, the Arab world, and South Asia. Paterson has the nation's second-largest per capita Muslim population.
Lancaster Inferno FC
Lancaster Inferno is a top level amateur women's soccer club based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Founded in 2008, the club fields a first team that plays in United Women's Soccer (UWS), a national  pro-am league at the second tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, and a U23 team that competes in UWS League Two.

Millersville University
Millersville University of Pennsylvania, commonly known as Millersville University (MU) or The Ville, is a public university in Millersville, Pennsylvania.  It is one of the ten schools that comprise the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE). Founded in 1855 as the first Normal School in Pennsylvania, Millersville is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Pennsylvania Department of Education.

First established in 1854 as the Millersville Academy out of the since-demolished Old Main, the academy specialized in a series of workshop-style teacher institutes in response to the 1834 Free School Act of Pennsylvania.
Lavender Fields (TV series)
Lavender Fields is a Philippine action drama television series produced by Dreamscape Entertainment. Directed by Emmanuel Q. Palo and Jojo A. Saguin, it stars Jodi Sta. Maria in the title role, together with Janine Gutierrez and Jericho Rosales. The series aired on Kapamilya Channel's Primetime Bida evening block from September 2, 2024 to January 17, 2025, with a total of 2 seasons and 100 episodes.

Janine Gutierrez
Janine Marie Elizabeth de Leon Gutierrez (born October 2, 1989) is a Filipino actress and video blogger. In 2020, she won the Best Actress Award at the 68th FAMAS Awards and 43rd Gawad Urian Awards for her role in the film Babae at Baril (2019). In 2021, Gutierrez was recognized with the Rising Star Award at the 20th New York Asian Film Festival.
The Dupe
The Dupe is a 1916 American drama silent film directed by Frank Reicher and written by Hector Turnbull and Margaret Turnbull. The film stars Blanche Sweet, Ernest Joy, Veda McEvers and Thomas Meighan. The film was released on July 2, 1916, by Paramount Pictures.

Blanche Sweet
Sarah Blanche Sweet (June 18, 1896 – September 6, 1986) was an American silent film actress who began her career in the early days of the motion picture film industry. Throughout her career, Sweet appeared in 121 silent films and three sound films.
GER Class Y65
The GER Class Y65 was a class of twelve 2-4-2T steam locomotives designed by S. D. Holden and built by the company's Stratford Works in 1909–1910. They all passed to the London and North Eastern Railway at the 1923 grouping and received the classification F7.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Virginia State Route 606 (Fairfax and Loudoun Counties)
State Route 606 in Fairfax and Loudoun Counties, Virginia is a secondary state highway traversing the communities of Reston, Herndon, Sterling, Arcola, and South Riding. The road is important not only because it is an inter-county connector, but it goes around the back of Dulles Airport, is part of the Loudoun County Parkway, and it provides a shortcut between the Reston / Herndon area and U.S. Route 50. Although the Herndon streets are not technically part of SR 606, they are signed as SR 606, and they connect to streets that are part of SR 606, thus providing a continuous route.

South Riding, Virginia
South Riding is a census-designated place and planned community in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. The population was 33,877 at the 2020 census, The South Riding homeowner association was founded in January 1995 to provide services to the community. Neighboring U.S. Route 50 and State Route 28 provide access to the Dulles/Reston/Tysons Corner technology corridor and other major employment centers in Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C.
J2 (New Zealand TV channel)
J2 is a New Zealand jukebox television channel that featured music targeted at an older audience. It played music spanning many decades and genres and was aimed at capturing audiences that would be put off by the programming on other music channels such as C4, its parent Juice TV and  MTV. It was owned and operated by Juice TV and was carried on the SKY Television network from 2001 until 2014.

On May 1, 2008, it was re-branded from J2 to 63 - Our Music TV. On May 1, 2013, it reverted to the original name J2 due to its number being reassigned to Sky sporting channels. The channel stopped broadcasting on Sky TV from November 11, 2014. The channel resumed its operations on 2 December 2025, as part of a realignment of Sky's offer.

Juice TV (New Zealand)
Juice TV, is a 24-hour music television channel operating from the Rotorua suburb of Glenholme in New Zealand. The channel is available on the Mood platform and apps,  channel 25 on Sky Television (from Dec 2nd 2025) and channel 38 on the Freeview streaming app. It also broadcasts 18 hours a day on CH200, Kordia's local channel on Freeview terrestrial.
Doodletown, New York
Doodletown was an isolated hamlet in the Town of Stony Point, Rockland County, New York, United States. Purchased by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission during the 1960s, it is now part of Bear Mountain State Park and a popular destination for hikers, birdwatchers, botanists, and local historians.  It is located north of Jones Point, west of Iona Island, and southeast of Orange County. The former settlement is now a ghost town.

Members of the first family to settle in Doodletown during the 18th century, Huguenots whose last name was anglicized to "June", were also the last to leave it in the 1960s.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.