hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cityplace (Winnipeg)
Cityplace (formerly Eaton Place) is a nine-storey office and retail complex situated in Downtown Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The number of weekly shoppers is 150,000.

It consists mainly of the former Eaton's company Catalogue & Mail Order building that occupies the block bounded by Hargrave and Donald Streets, and Graham and St. Mary Avenues. The warehouse was designed by John Woodman, a Winnipeg architect, and constructed in 1916.

The north side entrance is accessible from the Graham Avenue Transit Mall. Several bus routes serve nearby stops.

Eaton's
The T. Eaton Company Limited, later known as Eaton's, was a Canadian department store chain that was once the largest in the country. It was founded in 1869 in Toronto by Timothy Eaton, an immigrant from what is now Northern Ireland. Eaton's grew to become a retail and social institution in Canada, with stores across the country, buying-offices around the globe, and a mail-order catalog that was found in the homes of most Canadians. A changing economic and retail environment in the late twentieth century, along with mismanagement, culminated in the chain's bankruptcy in 1999.

Eaton's pioneered several retail innovations. In an era when haggling for goods was the norm, the chain proclaimed "We propose to sell our goods for CASH ONLY – In selling goods, to have only one price." In addition, it had the long-standing slogan "Goods Satisfactory or Money Refunded."
Television in Iceland
Television in Iceland is composed of the public broadcasting service of RÚV as well as four free-to-air channels and a number of subscription channels provided by local private broadcasters, including Síminn and Sýn. Streaming services are also available from international providers such as Netlfix, Disney+, Viaplay and HBO Max. Television broadcasting began in Iceland in 1955 intended for U.S forces at the Keflavík Air Base. In 1966, RÚV began local television broadcasts in Icelandic.

Channels can be received through managed IPTV providers such as Síminn and Sýn, by over-the-top streaming applications and via digital terrestrial TV (DVB-T2).

DVB-T
DVB-T, short for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial, is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in Singapore in February 1998. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (COFDM or OFDM) modulation. It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America) for Electronic News Gathering for transmission of video and audio from a mobile newsgathering vehicle to a central receive point.
It is also used in the US by amateur television operators.
Cox Run
Cox Run is a tributary of Little Muncy Creek in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 2.3 miles (3.7 km) long and flows through Moreland Township, Wolf Township, and Muncy Creek Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.20 square miles (3.1 km2). Cox Run itself flows through a valley known as Neufer Hollow and is designated as a Coldwater Fishery. A streambank stabilization project along the stream was proposed in 2008.

Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Lycoming County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 114,188. Its county seat is Williamsport. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.

Lycoming County comprises the Williamsport metropolitan statistical area.

About 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Philadelphia and 165 miles (270 km) east-northeast of Pittsburgh, Lycoming is Pennsylvania's largest county by land area.
Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
Sadanaru, Prince Fushimi (伏見宮貞愛親王, Fushimi-no-miya Sadanaru-Shinnō; June 9, 1858 – February 4, 1923) was the 22nd head of the Fushimi-no-miya shinnōke (branch of the Imperial Family). He was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army.

Fushimi-no-miya
The Fushimi-no-miya (伏見宮) is the oldest of the four shinnōke, branches of the Imperial Family of Japan which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne in the order of succession.

The Fushimi-no-miya was founded by Prince Yoshihito, the son of the Northern Court Emperor Sukō. As the house was founded by a Northern Pretender, the first three princes are sometimes not recognized as legitimate Fushimi princes.

All of the much later ōke were branches off the Fushimi-no-miya house, all but one of them being created by sons of Fushimi-no-miya Kuniye.

Unless stated otherwise, each prince is the son of his predecessor.

The sesshu shinnōke and ōke households, along with the kazoku (Japanese peerage), were reduced to commoner status during the American occupation of Japan, in 1947.
Paul Barril
Paul Barril (13 April 1946 in Vinay, Isère) is a former officer of the French Gendarmerie Nationale. He authored several books about his military career, touching sensitive political subjects of the Mitterrand era.

Barril was a gendarme until 1995. He was the second officer of the GIGN Special Forces unit for 10 years, before being involved in the creation of the Counterterrorist Cell of the Élysée during François Mitterrand's first mandate from 1981 to 1988. Since then, he has led several private security companies. He has been in the centre of controversies for his role in Africa, particularly in Rwanda during the Rwandan genocide in 1994 during which extremist Hutus mass exterminated hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
KWCC-FM
KWCC-FM (89.5 FM) is an American non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Woodland Park, Colorado. The station's broadcast license is held by 91.5 KRCC, owned by Colorado College.

KWCC-FM repeats the main KRCC signal content found at 91.5 FM.

KRCC
KRCC (91.5 FM) is a public radio station in Colorado Springs, Colorado.  It is owned by Colorado College and operated by Colorado Public Radio.

KRCC broadcasts non-commercial news/talk programming, mostly from National Public Radio (NPR) and American Public Media.  The BBC World Service is heard overnight. The station is also a member of the Mountain West News Bureau.

Its studios are located inside the Southern Colorado Public Media Center on the campus of Colorado College on North Tejon Street in downtown Colorado Springs.  The transmitter is located on Cheyenne Mountain amid other Colorado Springs-area TV and FM stations.  KRCC is also simulcast on a network of repeater stations around Southern Colorado.
Rocky Mountain News
The Rocky Mountain News (nicknamed the Rocky) was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, from April 23, 1859, until February 27, 2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing. As of March 2006, the Monday–Friday circulation was 255,427. From the 1940s until 2009, the newspaper was printed in a tabloid format.

Under the leadership of president, publisher, and editor John Temple, the Rocky Mountain News had won four Pulitzer Prizes since 2000.  Most recently in 2006, the newspaper won two Pulitzers, in Feature Writing and Feature Photography. The paper's final issue appeared on Friday, February 27, 2009, less than two months shy of its 150th anniversary. Its demise left Denver a one-newspaper town, with The Denver Post as the sole remaining large-circulation daily.

Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography
The Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence or an album.

The Feature Photography prize was inaugurated in 1968 when the single Pulitzer Prize for Photography was replaced by the Feature prize and "Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography", renamed for "Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography" in 2000.
Pashalik of Timbuktu
The Pashalik of Timbuktu, also known as the Pashalik of Sudan, was a West African political entity that existed between the 16th and the 19th century. It was formed after the Battle of Tondibi, when a military expedition sent by Saadian sultan Ahmad al-Mansur of Morocco defeated the Songhai Empire and established control over a territory centered on Timbuktu. Following the decline of the Saadi Sultanate in the early 17th century, Morocco retained only nominal control of the Pashalik.

Ahmad al-Mansur
Ahmad al-Mansur (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد المنصور بالله, romanized: Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Manṣūr biʾllāh; 1549 – 25 August 1603), also known as al-Dhahabī (Arabic: الذهبي, lit. 'the Golden') was the Saadi Sultan of Morocco from 1578 to his death in 1603, the sixth and most famous of all rulers of the Saadis. Ahmad al-Mansur was an important figure in both Europe and Africa in the sixteenth century. His powerful army and strategic location made him an important power player in the late Renaissance period. He has been described as "a man of profound Islamic learning, a lover of books, calligraphy and mathematics, as well as a connoisseur of mystical texts and a lover of scholarly discussions."
I'm Rose, Darling
I'm Rose, Darling (Burmese: ကျွန်မက နှင်းဆီပါ မောင်) is a 2015 Burmese drama film directed by Wyne and starring Nay Toe and Phway Phway. It is one of the films that reached the highest-grossing film in Myanmar. This film was achieved Best Actress and Best Director Awards at Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards.

Wyne (film director)
Wyne (Own Creator) (Burmese: ဝိုင်း; born Tun Zaw Win on 22 December 1973) is a film director, screenwriter and former actor. His career began as a supporting actor in Burmese films. He gained success as a director in the early days of his career by directing music videos. He is best known for directing the short film Ban that Scene.
Milan Dunović
Milan Dunović is a Bosnian Serb politician. He is a former Vice President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2015 to 2023.

Dunović was born on 22 July 1974 in Sarajevo. He graduated from the University of Sarajevo. During the Bosnian War, he actively participated in the defense of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the war, he worked in BH Pošta.

In 2013, he became a member of the Democratic Front party. In February 2015, he was appointed to the position of Vice President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as Serb representative. He was Vice President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from February 2015 to February 2023. He is a current member of House of Representatives.

In 2017, he signed the Declaration on the Common Language of the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins.

Vice-President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has two vice presidents indirectly elected by the two chambers of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, each representing a constituent nation he was elected from. The President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the two vice presidents must, by law, be members of the three different constituent peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Below is a list of office-holders:
Bob Trumpy
Robert Theodore Trumpy Jr. (March 6, 1945 – November 2, 2025) was an American professional football player and sports broadcaster. He was a tight end for the  Cincinnati Bengals of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) from 1968 through 1977. He was a two-time NFL Pro Bowler and two-time AFL All-Star.

Trumpy played college football for the Illinois Fighting Illini and Utah Utes before being selected by the Bengals in the 12th round of the 1968 NFL/AFL draft. After his playing career, Trumpy spent many years as a broadcast color analyst, calling four Super Bowls. He was given the Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award by the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Chromogranin-A
Chromogranin-A  (CgA) or parathyroid secretory protein 1 is encoded in the human by the gene CHGA.  Cga is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. As such, it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in the pancreas.

Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, such as a secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland. In contrast, excretion is the removal of certain substances or waste products from a cell or organism. The classical mechanism of cell secretion is via secretory portals at the plasma membrane called porosomes. Porosomes are permanent cup-shaped lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intra-vesicular contents from the cell.

Secretion in bacterial species means the transport or translocation of effector molecules. For example, proteins, enzymes or toxins (such as cholera toxin in pathogenic bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholerae) move from across the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their natural surrounding environment for adaptation and survival.
Governor of Ağrı
The Governor of Ağrı (Turkish: Ağrı Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Ağrı. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Ağrı is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Ağrı. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Ağrı provincial police force and the Ağrı Gendarmerie.

Ağrı Province
Ağrı Province (Turkish: Ağrı ili, Armenian: Արարատ մարզ, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Agirîyê) is located in eastern Turkey, bordering Iran to the east and the provinces of Kars to the north, Erzurum to the northwest, Muş and Bitlis to the southwest, Van to the south, and Iğdır to the northeast. Its area is 11,099 km2, and its population is 511,238 (2023). The provincial capital is Ağrı, situated on a 1,650 metres (5,410 ft) high plateau. Doğubayazıt was the capital of the province until 1946. The current governor is Mustafa Koç.

The province is considered part of Western Armenia and was part of the ancient province of Ayrarat of Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, modern Ağri Province was part of the six Armenian vilayets. The province is part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.
Royal Palace of Riofrío
The Royal Palace of Riofrío (Spanish: Palacio Real de Riofrío, pronounced [paˈlaθjo reˈal de ri.oˈfɾi.o]) is one of the residences of the Spanish royal family. It is under the management of Patrimonio Nacional, a government agency dedicated to the care and maintenance of properties owned by the Spanish state which the royal family uses. The building is set in a wooded deer-park in the municipality of San Ildefonso, in the province of Segovia, central Spain.

The palace is Italian style with a square floor plan and three stories high, designed by the Italian architect Virgilio Rabaglio in the image and likeness of the Royal Palace of Madrid. It is surrounded by an extensive forest of 625 hectares, where fallow deer and deer, among others, live. Used by the monarchs exclusively for hunting, it has only been inhabited as a habitual residence, on a temporary basis, by King Alfonso XII and, previously, by his father, Francisco de Asís, the King Consort.

Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz
Francisco de Asís de Borbón (Francisco de Asís María Fernando; 13 May 1822 – 17 April 1902) was King of Spain as the husband of Queen Isabella II from their marriage in 1846 until Isabella's deposition in 1868. Francisco and his wife were double first cousins, as their fathers were brothers and their mothers were sisters. Isabella was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1868, but the monarchy was restored under their son Alfonso XII in 1874.
Scale of temperature
Scale of temperature is a methodology of calibrating the physical quantity temperature in metrology. Empirical scales measure temperature in relation to convenient and stable parameters or reference points, such as the freezing and boiling point of water.  Absolute temperature is based on thermodynamic principles: using the lowest possible temperature as the zero point, and selecting a convenient incremental unit.

Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit are common temperature scales. Other scales used throughout history include Rankine, Rømer, Newton, Delisle, Réaumur, Gas mark, Leiden, and Wedgwood.

Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.

When considered as the temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of substances to supercool, the freezing point can easily appear to be below its actual value. When the "characteristic freezing point" of a substance is determined, in fact, the actual methodology is almost always "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice, that is, the melting point."
Ibrahim Nasir
Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan (Arabic: إبراهيم ناصر; Dhivehi: އިބްރާހިމް ނާޞިރު ރަންނަބަނޑޭރި ކިލޭގެފާނު; 2 September 1926 – 22 November 2008), KCMG, NGIV commonly known as Ibrahim Nasir, was a Maldivian politician who served as the Prime Minister of the Maldives from 1957 to 1968 under the monarchy, and later the first President of the Second Republic of Maldives from 1968 to 1978. Nasir served two terms (one term consisting of 5 years), then he decided to retire, even though the People's Majlis voted him in for a third term. Nasir adhered to the non-aligned ideology and was a staunch anti-imperialist. Nasir is remembered as an independence hero for guiding the Maldives to independence from the British Empire, he is also credited for establishing the tourism industry in the Maldives, as well as rapidly modernizing and developing the country and economy.

Maldivians
Maldivians (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިން, romanized: Dhivēhin, pronounced [diˈʋehiŋ]) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and nation native to the Maldive Islands, constituting the Republic of Maldives and the island of Minicoy (within Lakshadweep, a union territory of India). They share a common ancestry, history, culture and language.
Mirjana Orašanin
Mirjana Orašanin (born 16 December 1973 in Sarajevo) is a member of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska. She represents the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) and serves as Vice President of the SDS parliamentary caucus. She resides in Bijeljina.

National Assembly (Republika Srpska)
The People's Assembly of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Народна скупштина Републике Српске, НСРС; Croatian: Narodna skupština Republike Srpske, NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
Gangani, Baltistan
Gangani (Urdu: گنگنی, romanized: ganganī) is remote, border village in the Kargil sector of Gilgit-Baltistan in northern Pakistan. It is considered the last village in the Kharmang District, with the LOC succeeding it. It lies upon the Shingo River, a tributary of the Indus River, in the lower Kharmang Valley. The settlement’s position places it along the historical route that once linked Srinagar and Skardu.

Kharmang Valley
The Kharmang Valley (Urdu: وادی کھرمنگ), also known as Kartaksha, is one of the five main valleys in Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan. The area became a district in 2015, with its temporary headquarters at the town of Tolti. The valley is located 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the city of Skardu.

Tourist destinations in the area include Manthokha Waterfall, Khamosh Waterfall, Mehdiabad Valley, Kharmang Khas Valley, and Kharmang Fort, which is located in Kharmang Khas Valley. Kharmang is the region where the Indus River enters Pakistani-administered territory from the Leh district in the Indian-controlled territory of the disputed Kashmir region.
Jeanne Phillips
Jeanne Phillips (/ˈdʒiːni/ JEE-nee; born 1942), also known as Abigail Van Buren, is an American advice columnist who has written for the advice column Dear Abby since 2000. She was born in Minneapolis to  Pauline Esther Phillips, who founded Dear Abby in 1956.

Jeanne Phillips' Dear Abby column is syndicated in about 1,400 newspapers in the U.S. with a combined circulation of more than 110 million. Dear Abby's website receives about 10,000 letters per week, seeking advice on a large variety of personal matters.

Eppie Lederer
Esther Pauline "Eppie" Lederer (née Friedman; July 4, 1918 – June 22, 2002), better known by the pen name Ann Landers, was an American advice columnist and eventually a nationwide media celebrity. She began  writing the "Ask Ann Landers" column in 1955 and continued for 47 years, by which time its readership was 90 million people. A 1978 World Almanac survey named her the most influential woman in the United States. She was the identical twin sister of Pauline Phillips, who wrote the similarly popular "Dear Abby" advice column as Abigail Van Buren.

Lederer was a profile-raiser for several medical charities, and in 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed her to a six-year term on a cancer advisory board.