hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel Osgood House (North Andover, Massachusetts)
The Samuel Osgood House is a historic house in North Andover, Massachusetts, USA. Built about 1740, it is said to be the birthplace of Samuel Osgood (1747 – 1813), a member of the Continental Congress and the first United States Postmaster General. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

United States Postmaster General
The United States postmaster general (PMG) is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS). The PMG is responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the agency.

The PMG is selected and appointed by the Board of Governors of the Postal Service, which is appointed by the president. The postmaster general then also sits on the board. The PMG does not serve at the president's pleasure and can only be dismissed by the Board of Governors. The appointment of the postmaster general does not require Senate confirmation. The governors and the postmaster general elect the deputy postmaster general.

The current postmaster general is David Steiner, who has served in the role since July 14, 2025.
Gornji Šeher
Srpske Toplice, Gornji Šeher (transl. Upper Šeher) before the 1990s, is a local community and a spa town in the area of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the banks of the Vrbas River in the southern part of the city's territory. There are eight springs of thermal water in the heart of Gornji Šeher, with a temperature of up to 32 °C. Gornji Šeher is designated National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by KONS.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Lucas Coenen
Lucas Coenen (born 9 November 2006) is a Belgian professional Motocross racer. Coenen has competed in the Motocross World Championship since 2022 in the MX2 class and from 2025 has competed in the MXGP class.

In his debut season in the MXGP class, Coenen was able to finish as runner-up to eventual champion Romain Febvre, winning six Grand Prix in the process.

After a season-long battle with his teammate Kay de Wolf, Coenen finished second in the MX2 class of the 2024 FIM Motocross World Championship. He won nine overall Grand Prix in the 2024 season, the highest of any rider in the MX2 class.

Coenen has represented his country at the Motocross des Nations on three occasions, the most recent coming at the 2025 edition.

Coenen is the twin brother of Sacha Coenen, who is also a World Championship-level motocross racer.

Motocross World Championship
The FIM Motocross World Championship is the premier championship of motocross racing, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), divided into two distinct classes: MXGP and MX2. Race duration is 30 minutes plus two laps per race. The series runs 20 events with two races per class,  including a point-scoring qualification race.
The FIM Women's Motocross World Championship (MXW) is a women-only motocross championship, inaugurated in 2005, and is a feeder series to the FIM Motocross World Championship.
Luísa Baptista
Luísa Baptista (born April 16, 1995) is an Angolan model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Angola 2016 after qualifying as Miss Cuando Cubango, the first time someone from that region had won the Miss Angola title. She represented Angola at Miss Universe 2016.

Miss Angola
Miss Angola is a national beauty pageant in Angola. The pageant was founded in 1997 where the winners were sent to Miss Universe. In 2022 the brand of Miss Angola also used the name of Miss Angola Universo or Miss Universo Angola, this is the organization's name for the Miss Universe competition.

The organization of Miss Angola has produced one Miss Universe winner; Leila Lopes of Benguela Province was crowned Miss Universe 2011, becoming the first black African to win Miss Universe since 1999.
Regina Safirsztajn
Regina Safirsztajn (1915–1945) was a Jewish resistance fighter in the Auschwitz underground. She helped to plan and implement the Sonderkommando revolt of 7 October 1944. She was executed at Auschwitz-Birkenau along with three other women for her role in the operation.

Sonderkommando
Sonderkommandos (German: [ˈzɔndɐkɔˌmando], lit. 'special unit') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp Sonderkommandos, who were always inmates, were unrelated to the SS-Sonderkommandos, which were ad hoc units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945.

The German term was part of the vague and euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., Einsatzkommando, "deployment units").
Axiom schema of predicative separation
In axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of predicative separation, or of restricted, or Δ0 separation, is a schema of axioms that is a restriction of the usual axiom schema of separation in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. 
This name Δ0 stems from the Lévy hierarchy, in analogy with the arithmetic hierarchy.

Axiom schema of specification
In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation (Aussonderungsaxiom), subset axiom, axiom of class construction, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema.  Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set.

Some mathematicians refer to this axiom as the axiom schema of comprehension, although others reserve that term only for unrestricted comprehension; this axiom is a "restricted" version of unrestricted comprehension. Because restricting comprehension avoids Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
2018 Women's LEN Super Cup
The 2018 Women's LEN Super Cup was the 13th edition of the annual trophy organised by LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European competitions for women's water polo clubs. The match was played between Kinef Kirishi (2017–18 Euro League champions) and Dunaújvárosi FVE (winners of the 2017–18 LEN Trophy) at the Neftyanik Sports Complex in Kirishi, Russia, on 10 November 2018.

Hungary's Dunaújváros, at their debut in the competition, won the trophy recovering from a 4-goal gap during the last quarter and defeating after the shootouts the European champions and Super Cup title holders of Kinef at their home pool in Kirishi.

Kinef Kirishi
Kinef-Surgutneftegaz (Russian: КИНЕФ-Сургутнефтегаз) is a Russian professional men's and women's water polo club from Kirishi owned by Kinef and Surgutneftegaz.

The women's club was founded in the 1993–94 season as Fakel. In the 1996–97 season the club was renamed Kinef. Since 2003, receiving its current name Kinef-Surgutneftegaz, the Russian club emerged in the mid-2000s as the leading team in Russia, dominating the Russian Championship in subsequent years. Most recently it was won its nineteenth title in a row  and qualified for the 2012 European Cup's final four.
Dmitry Sopot
Dmitry Vladimirovich Sopot, (Russian: Дмитрий Владимирович Сопот, born 1 May 1998) is a Russian retired pair skater. With former partner Ekaterina Borisova, he is the 2016 Youth Olympic champion, the 2016 World Junior bronze medalist, and 2015 Junior Grand Prix Final champion. He later competed with Anastasia Poluianova.

Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
Figure skating at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics took place at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre in Hamar, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.

Unique to the Youth Olympic Games was a mixed NOC team trophy competition.
1836 Liverpool Town Council election
Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Tuesday 2 November 1836. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

All of the sixteen wards were contested. In addition there was also a by-election in South Toxteth.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Alhaurín de la Torre CF
Alhaurín de la Torre Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Alhaurín de la Torre, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1969, it currently plays in División de Honor – Group 2, holding home matches at Estadio Los Manantiales, with a 2,500-seat capacity.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in Andalusia
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Community of Andalusia, are organized by the Federación Andaluza de Fútbol:

División de Honor (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Primera Andaluza (Level 7)

Segunda Andaluza (Level 8)

Tercera Andaluza (Level 9)
Lactarius indigo
Lactarius indigo, commonly known as the indigo milk cap, indigo milky, indigo lactarius, blue lactarius, or blue milk mushroom, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae.

The fruit body color ranges from dark blue in fresh specimens to pale blue-gray in older ones. The "milk", or latex, that oozes when the mushroom tissue is cut or broken (a feature common to all members of the genus Lactarius) is also indigo blue, but slowly turns green upon exposure to air. The cap has a diameter of 4–15 cm (2–6 in), and the stem is 2–8 cm (3⁄4–3+1⁄8 in) tall and 1–2.5 cm (3⁄8–1 in) thick.

It is a widely distributed species, growing in the Americas and Eurasia. L. indigo grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests, where it forms mycorrhizal associations with a broad range of trees. It is an edible mushroom and is sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala, and China.

Basidiocarp
In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
EF Education–Tibco–SVB
EF Education–Tibco–SVB is a former women's professional cycling team based in the United States that competed in elite road bicycle racing. The team's main sponsors were EF Education First, TIBCO Software and Silicon Valley Bank. The owner was Linda Jackson, a former professional cyclist.

TIBCO Software
TIBCO Software Inc. is a business unit of Cloud Software Group that provides enterprise software. It has headquarters in Palo Alto and offices in North America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and South America.
Option type
In programming languages (especially functional programming languages) and type theory, an option type or maybe type is a polymorphic type that represents encapsulation of an optional value; e.g., it is used as the return type of functions which may or may not return a meaningful value when they are applied. It consists of a constructor which either is empty (often named None or Nothing), or which encapsulates the original data type A (often written Just A or Some A).

A distinct, but related concept outside of functional programming, which is popular in object-oriented programming, is called nullable types (often expressed as A?). The core difference between option types and nullable types is that option types support nesting (e.g. Maybe (Maybe String) ≠ Maybe String), while nullable types do not (e.g. String?? = String?).

Type theory
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system. Type theory is the academic study of type systems.

Some type theories serve as alternatives to set theory as a foundation of mathematics. Two influential type theories that have been proposed as foundations are:

Typed λ-calculus of Alonzo Church

Intuitionistic type theory of Per Martin-Löf

Most computerized proof-writing systems use a type theory for their foundation. A common one is Thierry Coquand's calculus of inductive constructions.
1979 Australian Drivers' Championship
A 1979 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of Australian Formula 1 racing cars. The championship winner was awarded the 1979 CAMS Gold Star. The title, which was the 23rd Australian Drivers' Championship, was won by Johnnie Walker, driving a Lola T332.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Travelin' Prayer
"Travelin' Prayer" is a song written and performed by singer Billy Joel, and released as the third US single from his 1973 album Piano Man as its opening track. The song is "urgent" and "banjo-fueled". It reached number No. 77 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 34 on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1974. It was a slightly bigger hit in Canada, where it reached No. 61.

The country-flavored song has been covered by both Earl Scruggs and Dolly Parton. Parton's version was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 2001.

Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance
The Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance was first awarded in 1965, to Dottie West. The award has had several minor name changes:

From 1965 to 1967, the award was known as Best Country & Western Vocal Performance - Female

In 1968, it was awarded as Best Country & Western Solo Vocal Performance, Female

From 1969 to 1994, it was awarded as Best Country Vocal Performance, Female

From 1995 to 2011, it was awarded as Best Female Country Vocal Performance

The award was discontinued after the 2011 award season in a major overhaul of Grammy categories. From 2012 to the present, all solo performances (male, female and instrumental) in the country category are recognized in the newly formed Best Country Solo Performance category.

Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were presented, for works released in the previous year.
Mama Parmanand
Mama Parmanand (3 July 1838 – 13 September 1893), born as Narayan Mahadev Parmanand, was an Indian social reformer, journalist, and a founding member of the Prarthana Samaj. Regarded by Mahadev Govind Ranade as a "Political Rishi" (Rajkiya Rishi), he served as a prominent advisor to several key figures of the Indian independence and reform movements.

Mahadev Govind Ranade
Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade CIE (18 January 1842–16 January 1901), popularly referred to as Nyayamurti Ranade (lit. Justice Ranade), was an Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author. He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress party and held several designations such as Member of the Bombay Legislative Council and Member of the Finance Committee at the Centre. He was also a judge of the Bombay High Court, Maharashtra.

As a well-known public figure, his personality as a calm and patient optimist influenced his attitude towards dealings with Britain as well as reform in India. During his life, he helped establish the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Maharashtra Granthottejak Sabha and Prarthana Samaj. He also edited a Bombay Anglo-Marathi daily paper—The Induprakash, founded on his ideology of social and religious reform.

He was accorded the title of Rao Bahadur.
Rodino Oneiro
Rodino Oneiro is the second studio album by Greek singer Demy, released in Greece and Cyprus on 22 December 2014 by Panik Records. The album includes seven singles, "The Sun", "Nothing Better", "Oso O Kosmos Tha Ehi Esena", "Rodino Oneiro", "Proti mou fora", "Where Is the Love" and "I Alitheia Moiazei Psema". The album has peaked at number 7 on the Greek Albums Chart.

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.
1932 World Snooker Championship
The 1932 World Snooker Championship, known at the time as the Professional Championship of Snooker, was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 14 to 20 April 1932, with the final being held at Thurston's Hall in London, England. It is recognised as the sixth edition of the World Snooker Championship. The defending champion, Joe Davis from England, won the title for the sixth time by defeating New Zealander Clark McConachy by 30 frames to 19 in the final. The score when Davis achieved a winning margin was 25–18, with dead frames played afterwards. Davis set a new Championship record break of 99 in the 36th frame of the final. McConachy had become the first player from outside the British Isles to enter the championship. The only other participant was Tom Dennis, who was defeated 11–13 by McConachy in the semi-final at Skegness.

Glossary of cue sports terms
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Vraîe Cally Balthazaar
Vraîe Cally Balthazaar (born 9 April 1985) is a Sri Lankan politician, media personality, activist and researcher serving as Mayor of Colombo since 16 June 2025. She is a member of the National People's Power and is the second woman to hold the office, after Rosy Senanayake.

National People's Power
The National People's Power (NPP), known in Sinhala as the Jathika Jana Balawegaya (JJB), is a centre-left to left-wing political alliance in Sri Lanka. It is the current ruling party of Sri Lanka, having won the 2024 presidential and parliamentary elections. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the current leader of the party and Nihal Abeysinghe is the general secretary.

Established in 2019, the NPP is an alliance led by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna consisting of 21 different groups, including political parties and other organisations. It contests in elections under the compass symbol. Considered an electorally weak third-party prior to 2024, it briefly formed a minority government under president Anura Kumara Dissanayake following his election. In the subsequent parliamentary elections, the NPP became the largest party in the parliament for the first time with 159 seats, winning a supermajority.
Howie Koplitz
Howard Dean Koplitz (May 4, 1938 – January 2, 2012) was an American professional baseball pitcher who appeared in 54 games, 19 as a starter, over parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) (1961–1962; 1964–1966) for the Detroit Tigers and Washington Senators. The native of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) tall and weighed 190 pounds (86 kg).

Oshkosh, Wisconsin
Oshkosh (/ˈɒʃkɒʃ/ ⓘ) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is located on the western shore of Lake Winnebago, adjacent to the much less populous Town of Oshkosh in the north. The population was 66,816 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth-most populous city in Wisconsin. The Oshkosh metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Winnebago County, had 171,730 residents. Oshkosh is included in the greater Fox Cities region of Wisconsin.
Project Milo
Project Milo (also referred to as Milo and Kate) was a project in development by Lionhead Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console. Formerly a secretive project under the early codename "Dimitri", Project Milo was unveiled at the 2009 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) in a demonstration for Kinect, as a "controller-free" entertainment initiative for the Xbox 360 based on depth-sensing and pattern recognition technologies. The project was a tech demo to showcase the capabilities of Kinect and was not released, despite conflicting reports that the project was an actual game.

E3 2009
The Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009 (E3 2009) was the 15th E3 held. The event took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles, California. It began on June 2, 2009, and ended on June 4, 2009, with 41,000 total attendees.

Major hardware announcements during the show included Microsoft's Project Natal and both Sony's PSP Go and PlayStation Move, while major software announcements included Left 4 Dead 2, Metal Gear Solid: Rising, Halo: Reach, Final Fantasy XIV, New Super Mario Bros. Wii, Super Mario Galaxy 2, and Monado: Beginning of the World.
Rut Castillo
Rut Castillo Galindo (born 16 September 1990) is a Mexican individual rhythmic gymnast. She represented Mexico at the 2020 Summer Olympics and became the first Mexican rhythmic gymnast to compete at an Olympic Games. She is the 2021 Pan American all-around champion. At the 2007 Pan American Games, she won the silver medal in hoop and the bronze medals in the all-around and clubs. She is an eight-time Central American and Caribbean Games champion. She has also competed at nine World Championships (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019).

2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
The 2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships, the 34th edition, was held in Stuttgart, Germany, from September 7 to 13, 2015 at the Porsche Arena. It acted as a qualifying competition for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

During a review of the competition's scoring, the International Gymnastics Federation began an investigation into the results of five judges for biased scoring. One judge received a warning and another was suspended for three months, which was upheld on appeal.
American Frontiers: A Public Lands Journey
American Frontiers: A Public Lands Journey was a non-profit publicity project executed from July to September 2002 which was intended to raise awareness about public lands in the United States. It involved teams of travelers making their way across the United States, from Mexico to Canada, traversing exclusively public lands and avoiding private estates.

Public land
In all modern states, a portion of land is held by central or local governments. This is called public land, state land, or Crown land (Commonwealth realms). The system of tenure of public land, and the terminology used, varies between countries.  The following examples illustrate some of the range.