hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alternative terms for free software
Alternative terms for free software, such as OSS, FOSS, and FLOSS, have been a recurring issue among free and open-source software users from the late 1990s onwards. These terms share almost identical licence criteria and development practices.

In 1983 Richard Stallman launched the free software movement and founded the Free Software Foundation to promote the movement and to publish its own definition. Others have published alternative definitions of free software, notably the Debian Free Software Guidelines. In 1998, Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond began a campaign to market open-source software and founded the Open Source Initiative, which espoused different goals and a different philosophy from Stallman's.

The Free Software Definition
The Free Software Definition is a policy document written by Richard Stallman and published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). It defines free software as software that grants users the freedom to use, study, share, and modify the software. The term "free" is used in the sense of "free speech", not "free of charge".

The earliest known publication of the definition appeared in the February 1986 edition of the now-discontinued GNU's Bulletin published by the FSF. Since 1996, the official version of the document has been maintained in the philosophy section of the GNU Project website. As of March 2025, the definition had seen 27 major revisions since it was originally published online and it had been translated into 65 languages. The FSF also publishes a list of licenses that meet this definition.
M37 (Pretoria)
The M37 road is a short metropolitan route in the City of Tshwane in Gauteng, South Africa. It is in the city of Centurion, connecting Wierdapark with the Noordwyk suburb of Midrand via Rooihuiskraal and The Reeds. For much of its route, it is named Rooihuiskraal Road.

Centurion, South Africa
Centurion (previously known as Verwoerdburg and before that Lyttelton) is an area with 236,580 inhabitants (2011 census) in the Gauteng Province of South Africa, between Pretoria and Midrand. Formerly an independent municipality, with its own town council, it has been part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality since 2000. Its heart is at the intersection of the N1 and N14 freeways. The R21 freeway also passes through the eastern part of Centurion.

The Waterkloof Air Force Base, as well as the Swartkop Air Force Base (which includes the South African Air Force Museum), are in Centurion.
Critérium International (horse race)
The Critérium International is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Saint-Cloud over a distance of 1,600 metres (1 mile), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October or early November.

Saint-Cloud Racecourse
Hippodrome de Saint-Cloud is a grass race course for Thoroughbred flat horse racing opened in 1901 at 1 rue du Camp Canadien in Saint-Cloud near Paris, France. During World War 1, the race course site housed the No. 4 Canadian Stationary Hospital operated by the Canadian Army Medical Corp.  On July 8, 1916 the No. 4 CSH was elevated to the No. 8 Canadian General Hospital and operated until decommissioned in 1919.  The facilities were built by politician and Thoroughbred owner/breeder Edmond Blanc (1856–1920) in whose honor the Prix Edmond Blanc was established in 1921.

The venue was used for some of the polo events for the 1924 Summer Olympics.

The Hippodrome de Saint-Cloud is host to a number of important races including the Group One Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud held at the end of June/first week of July each year, and the Critérium de Saint-Cloud run each November.

In 1992, the government declared Hippodrome de Saint-Cloud an official Monument historique.
Dominican Sisters of Sparkill
The Dominican Congregation of Our Lady of the Rosary, better known as the Dominican Sisters of Sparkill, is an institute of religious sisters of the Third Order of Saint Dominic based in Sparkill, New York, which was founded in 1876. The congregation developed to care for indigent women but now works primarily in education as well.

Third Order of Saint Dominic
The Third Order of Saint Dominic (Latin: Tertius Ordo Praedicatorum; abbreviated TOP), also referred to as the Lay Fraternities of Saint Dominic or Lay Dominicans since 1972, is a Catholic third order which is part of the Dominican Order.

As members of the Order of Preachers, Lay Dominicans are men and women, single or married, living a Christian life with a Dominican spirituality in the secular world. They find inspiration in the spiritual path taken by many saints, blesseds, and other holy men and women throughout the 800-year history of the Dominican Order. The life of a Dominican layperson incorporates passion for the Word of God into the community of fellow Dominicans and the religious practices of the order. Lay Dominicans are members of worldwide provinces, bound to the governance structure of the Order of Preachers.
Trapezium (novel)
Trapezium (トラペジウム, Torapejiumu) is a Japanese novel written by then-Nogizaka46 member Kazumi Takayama. It was initially serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Da Vinci book and manga news magazine from April 2016 to August 2018. Kadokawa Shoten later published the novel in print with cover art by Tae in November 2018. An anime film adaptation produced by CloverWorks premiered in Japan in May 2024. A manga adaptation illustrated by Kina Kazuharu began serialization on Kadokawa Shoten's KadoComi website in February 2025.

Nogizaka46
Nogizaka46 (乃木坂46; Nogizaka Forty-six) is a Japanese female idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto, created as the "official rival" of the group AKB48. They are the first group from the Sakamichi Series, which also includes sister groups Sakurazaka46 (formerly Keyakizaka46), Yoshimotozaka46, and Hinatazaka46.

The group's musical catalogue includes forty singles and five compilation albums. Starting with their third single, each of Nogizaka46's single releases has reached the top position on the weekly Oricon chart. The group has also created radio shows, theater productions, television programs, and films, including NogiBingo!, Hatsumori Bemars, Nogizaka Under Construction, Asahinagu, and a series of documentary films about the group.

Nogizaka46 has twice won the Grand Prix at the annual Japan Record Awards, with consecutive wins for "Influencer" in 2017 and "Synchronicity" in 2018. The group has sold nearly 18 million CDs in Japan.
Manitoba Provincial Road 216
Provincial Road 216 (PR 216) is a provincial road in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The north-south road lies mostly within the Rural Municipality of Hanover, beginning at PR 311 near New Bothwell and ending at PTH 59 near Rosa.  PR 216 has a one-kilometre concurrency with PTH 52, between New Bothwell and Kleefeld, and a five-kilometre concurrency with Provincial Road 205 through Grunthal.

PR 216 forms the Main Streets for the communities of New Bothwell, Kleefeld, and Grunthal.

Kleefeld, Manitoba
Kleefeld (/ˈklifɛld/; German pronunciation: [ˈkleːfɛlt]; German: clover field, Plautdietsch: Kleefelt /ˈklɔɪ̯fɛlt/) is a local urban district located in the Rural Municipality of Hanover, Manitoba, Canada.

It was settled in 1874, the first Mennonite settlement in Western Canada, and was originally called Gruenfeld (German: Grünfeld, 'green field').
Abi Hugh
Abigail Lindsay Hugh (born August 17, 2002) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender or midfielder for USL Super League club Fort Lauderdale United. She played college soccer for the Marshall Thundering Herd and the NC State Wolfpack.

Marshall Thundering Herd
The Marshall Thundering Herd is the intercollegiate athletic collection of teams that collectively represent the Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia. Thundering Herd athletic teams compete in the Sun Belt Conference, which are members of the NCAA Division I. The school's official colors are kelly green and white. The Marshall Thundering Herd have won 3 NCAA national championships and one NAIA national championship.
Orestes Rodríguez Vargas
Orestes Rodríguez Vargas (4 July 1943 – 17 November 2024) was a Peruvian chess Grandmaster (GM) (1978), representing Spain from 1982, five-times Peruvian Chess Championship winner (1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972), Chess Olympiad individual silver medal winner (1978), Pan American Chess Championship medalist (1970).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
William A. Fraker
William Ashman Fraker, ASC, BSC (September 29, 1923 – May 31, 2010) was an American cinematographer and director.

Described as "one of America's most respected cinematographers," he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography five times, and was a six-term President of the American Society of Cinematographers.

American Society of Cinematographers
The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in Hollywood in 1919, is a cultural, educational, and professional organization that is neither a labor union nor a guild. The society was organized to advance the science and art of cinematography and gather a wide range of cinematographers to discuss techniques and ideas and to advocate for motion pictures as a type of art form. Currently, the president of the ASC is Mandy Walker.

Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand!, cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit.

Only cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become ASC members. Basic requirements include being a director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members.
881 Naval Air Squadron
881 Naval Air Squadron (881 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN), formed in June 1941. It served as a fighter squadron in the Second World War, taking part in the British invasion of Madagascar in 1942, in the Allied invasions of Northern France and Southern France in 1944, also taking part in operations in the Aegean Sea and off Norway before disbanding in October 1945.

The squadron was reformed within the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) as a carrier-based anti-submarine warfare squadron, when 826 Squadron RCN was renumbered 881 Squadron RCN in May 1951. It was later re designated VS 881 in 1952 and  subsequently disbanded in 1959 when it was merged with VS 880.

Battle of Madagascar
The Battle of Madagascar (5 May – 6 November 1942) was an Allied campaign to capture the Vichy French−controlled island Madagascar during World War II. The seizure of the island by the British was to deny Madagascar's ports to the Imperial Japanese Navy and to prevent the loss or impairment of the Allied shipping routes to India, Australia and Southeast Asia. It began with Operation Ironclad, the seizure of the port of Diego-Suarez (now Antsiranana) near the northern tip of the island, on 5 May 1942.

A campaign to secure the rest of the island, Operations Stream, Line and Jane, was opened on 10 September. The Allies broke into the interior, linking up with forces on the coast and secured the island by the end of October. Fighting ceased and an armistice was granted on 6 November. This was the first big operation by the Allies combining sea, land and air forces. The island was placed under Free French control.
7th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards
The 7th AARP Movies for Grownups Awards, presented by AARP the Magazine, honored films released in 2007 made by people over the age of 50. The ceremony was held on February 4, 2008 at the Bel Air Hotel in Los Angeles, and was hosted by actors Jamie Lee Curtis and John Cleese. Hal Holbrook won the annual Career Achievement Award, and Gena Rowlands won the award for Breakthrough Achievement for her writing in Paris, je t'aime.

Three new awards debuted at this year's ceremony, honoring the best supporting actor, best supporting actress, and best buddy picture of the year.

Paris, je t'aime
Paris, je t'aime (French pronunciation: [paʁi ʒə tɛm]; lit. 'Paris, I Love You') is a 2006 anthology film starring an ensemble cast of actors of various nationalities. The two-hour film consists of eighteen short films set in different arrondissements (districts). The 22 directors include Gurinder Chadha, Sylvain Chomet, Joel and Ethan Coen, Isabel Coixet, Gérard Depardieu, Wes Craven, Alfonso Cuarón, Nobuhiro Suwa, Alexander Payne, Tom Tykwer, Walter Salles, Yolande Moreau and Gus Van Sant. It was the first film in the Cities of Love franchise.
Pselliopus barberi
Pselliopus barberi is a species of assassin bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in North America.

This species can be encountered from spring to autumn in open areas and are known to hibernate underneath tree bark, sometimes in groups.

Reduviidae
The Reduviidae is a large cosmopolitan family of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the Nabidae almost all species are terrestrial ambush predators; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking ectoparasites in the subfamily Triatominae, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit Chagas disease. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable: they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved proboscis (sometimes called a rostrum). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
Success Bank
Success Bank is a sandbank to the north of Cockburn Sound, off Fremantle, Western Australia within the limits of the Fremantle Outer Harbour. The bank lies to the west of Owen Anchorage.

It is about 5 metres (16 ft) deep and is just to the south of the main shipping channel of Gage Roads.

Success Bank was named by Captain James Stirling after his ship HMS Success, which was used for a preliminary exploration of the Swan River region in 1827. On 28 November 1829, Success revisited Western Australia and ran aground on Carnac Reef, a shoal further to the south, causing extensive damage.

Carnac Island
Carnac Island (Nyungar: Ngoorloormayup, lit. 'place of little brother') is a 19-hectare (47-acre), A-Class, island nature reserve about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of Fremantle and 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of Garden Island in Western Australia.
Mayurakshi Express
Mayurakshi Express is a daily inter-city Express train operated by Eastern Railways in the Indian state of West Bengal. It runs between Howrah and Deoghar via Andal Junction and Rampurhat Junction. It previously ran between Howrah and Rampurhat as a fast passenger train (53045/46), but later it was extended to run to Dumka and further Deoghar as an express train (13045/46).

It operates as train number 13045 from Howrah to Deoghar and as train number 13046 in the reverse direction.

Dumka railway station
Dumka railway station (station code DUMK) is a railway station serving the city of Dumka in Dumka district in the Indian state of Jharkhand on the Jasidih–Rampurhat section. It is in the Asansol division of the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It has an average elevation of 136 metres (446 ft).

The railway station has a single 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge track from Jasidih Junction in Deoghar district in Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand to Rampurhat Junction in Birbhum district of West Bengal and a single track to Bhagalpur via Mandar Hill and Hansdiha.
Manex Visual Effects
Manex Visual Effects (MVFX) (formerly known as Mass.Illusions) was a special visual effects company located in Alameda, California. Though a small company active only for a short period of time, it provided visual effects for a number of high-profile movies and the company received international recognition including two Best Visual Effects Oscars and one Academy Award for Technical Achievement. As the company that created bullet time for The Matrix their work has been highly influential and still is referenced in many media outlets as recently as November 2022.

Academy Award for Best Visual Effects
The Academy Award for Best Visual Effects is presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) for the best achievement in visual effects. It has been handed to four members of the team directly responsible for creating the film's visual effects since 1980.
Richard Johns
Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Edward Johns, GCB, KCVO, CBE (born 28 July 1939) is a retired senior Royal Air Force commander. He was a fighter pilot in the 1960s, commanding officer of a squadron during the 1970s and a station commander in the 1980s. Johns served as one of three British directors of operations on the senior planning staff for Operation Granby (the British contribution to the Gulf War) in 1991 and then acted as a supporting commander for joint operations in the Balkans in 1994. As Chief of the Air Staff he advised the British Government on the air force aspects of the Strategic Defence Review and on NATO's air campaign in Kosovo.

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the title of the professional head of the Royal Air Force, who is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918, with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first holder. The current and 32nd Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Harvey Smyth, who succeeded Sir Richard Knighton on 29 August 2025.
Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)
Ashtanga yoga (Sanskrit: अष्टाङ्गयोग, romanized: aṣṭāṅgayoga, "eight limbs of yoga") is Pātañjali's classification of classical yoga, as set out in his Yoga Sūtras. He defined the eight limbs as yama (abstinences), niyama (observances), āsana (postures), prāṇāyāma (breath control), pratyāhāra (withdrawal of the senses), dhāraṇā (concentration), dhyāna (meditation), and samādhi (absorption).

The eight limbs form a sequence from the outer to the inner. The posture, asana, must be steady and comfortable for a long time, in order for the yogi to practice the limbs from prāṇāyāma until samādhi. The main aim is kaivalya, discernment of Puruṣa, the witness-conscious, as separate from Prakṛti, the cognitive apparatus, and disentanglement of Puruṣa from its muddled defilements.

Prakriti
Prakriti (Sanskrit: प्रकृति IAST: Prakṛti) is "the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance". It is a key concept in Hinduism, formulated by the Samkhya school, where it does not refer merely to matter or nature, but includes all cognitive, moral, psychological, emotional, sensorial and physical aspects of reality. Prakriti has three different innate qualities (guṇas), whose equilibrium is the basis of all empirical reality, which is in the form of the pancha bhutas (five basic elements) – Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Jala, and Prithvi. Prakriti contrasts with Puruṣa, which is pure awareness and metaphysical consciousness. The term is also found in the texts of other Indian religions such as Jainism and Buddhism.
St. Joseph's Home for the Aged
St. Joseph's Home for the Aged is located at No. 35 Clear Water Bay Road, Ngau Chi Wan, Wong Tai Sin, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. The site spans 230,000 square feet (21,000 m2).

St. Joseph's Home for the Aged refers to a compound of historical buildings; more than 10 buildings at its peak. The site was not originally a home for the elderly, but a villa (or storey-house) belonging to Mr. Chan Keng-Yu (陳賡如). This added historical significance to the compound as Mr. Chan Keng-Yu was the Compradore of Douglas Lapraik and Co., as well as one of the Founding Directors of Chinese Chamber of Commerce (華商總會).

In 1926, the site was sold to the Little Sisters of the Poor, a French-based charitable body and Roman Catholic order for women. The Crédit Foncier d'Extrême-Orient was in charge of the development of St. Joseph's Home for the Aged in the 1930s.

During the 1930s, St. Joseph's Home for the Aged served as a refuge for those who fled from the Japanese invasion in China.

Clear Water Bay Road
Clear Water Bay Road (Chinese: 清水灣道) is a major road from Choi Hung Interchange in Ngau Chi Wan to Clear Water Bay, Sai Kung District. It also is a route to Sai Kung Town and Tseung Kwan O via Hiram's Highway and Hang Hau Road / Ying Yip Road respectively. An expressway deviation, New Clear Water Bay Road (新清水灣道), bypasses a steep, winding, 1 in 6 alignment of Clear Water Bay Road near Shun Lee and Fei Ngo Shan.

In 1932, Clear Water Bay Road began from Kowloon City. In 1963, part of the road was renamed Choi Hung Road and Prince Edward Road East.
2023 A-League Men Grand Final
The 2023 A-League Men Grand Final was the 18th A-League Men Grand Final, the championship-deciding match of the Australian A-League Men, and the culmination of the 2022–23 season. The match was played on 3 June 2023 at CommBank Stadium in Parramatta between Melbourne City and Central Coast Mariners.

2020 A-League Grand Final
The 2020 A-League Grand Final was the fifteenth A-League Grand Final, the championship-deciding match of the Australian A-League and the culmination of the 2019–20 season. The match was originally scheduled to be played in May 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was played on 30 August 2020 between Sydney FC and Melbourne City at Bankwest Stadium in the western Sydney suburb of Parramatta, New South Wales.

Sydney FC defeated Melbourne City, who were appearing in their first Grand Final, by 1 goal to nil. The win meant Sydney claimed their fifth A-League championship, a record amount for any club in Australian domestic league football.
Manningham engine shed
Manningham Engine Shed (also known as Manningham Motive Power Depot) was a railway depot located in the Manningham suburb of Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. The depot was built to provide steam engines for services leaving Bradford Forster Square station (originally Market Street) and freight traffic from the Valley Road area of the city. It was also responsible for other sites at Keighley and Ilkley (known as sub-sheds) with Manningham itself being a sub-shed of Holbeck.

During its ownership by British Rail, diesel multiple units were based there along with diesel shunters. The shed was closed in 1967.

Bradford Forster Square railway station
Bradford Forster Square railway station serves Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The majority of services to and from the station use Class 333 and Class 331 electric multiple units operated by Northern Trains; they run on the Airedale line to Skipton, the Wharfedale line to Ilkley and the Leeds–Bradford line to Leeds. The London North Eastern Railway LNER also run intercity trains from the station via the East Coast Main Line to London King's Cross.

The other main railway station in the city is Bradford Interchange, which is about 10 minutes on foot from Forster Square; from here, services operate along the Calder Valley line to Leeds, Halifax, Huddersfield, Manchester Victoria, Blackpool North and London King's Cross.