hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Buulo Mareer
The battle of Buulo Mareer took place on 26 May 2023, when Al-Shabaab fighters stormed an African Union military camp manned by Ugandan forces in the town of Bulo Marer, Lower Shabelle, Somalia.

The attack remains the deadliest on ATMIS troops (successor to AMISOM) since their formation in April 2022 and is also Uganda's worst defeat in Somalia since its deployment in February 2007.

Uganda People's Defence Force
The Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF), previously known as the National Resistance Army (NRA), is the armed forces of Uganda. From 2007 to 2011, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated the UPDF had a total strength of 40,000–45,000, consisting of land forces and an air wing. Recruitment to the forces is done annually.

After Uganda achieved independence in October 1962, British officers retained most high-level military commands. Ugandans in the rank and file claimed this policy blocked promotions and kept their salaries disproportionately low. These complaints eventually destabilized the armed forces, already weakened by ethnic divisions. Each post-independence regime expanded the size of the army, usually by recruiting from among people of one region or ethnic group, and each government employed military force to subdue political unrest.
5α-Reductase
5α-Reductases, also known as 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenases, are enzymes involved in steroid metabolism. They participate in three metabolic pathways: bile acid biosynthesis, androgen and estrogen metabolism.  There are three isozymes of 5α-reductase encoded by the genes SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3.

5α-Reductases catalyze the following generalized chemical reaction:

a 3-oxo-5α-steroid + acceptor ⇌ a 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid + reduced acceptor

Where a 3-oxo-5α-steroid and acceptor are substrates, and a corresponding 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid and the reduced acceptor are products. An instance of this generalized reaction that 5α-reductase type 2 catalyzes is:

where dihydrotestosterone is the 3-oxo-5α-steroid, NADP+ is the acceptor and testosterone is the 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid and NADPH the reduced acceptor.

Isozyme
In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes or isoforms) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.  Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or are regulated differently.  They permit the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage.

In many cases, isozymes are encoded by homologous genes that have diverged over time.  Strictly speaking, enzymes with different amino acid sequences that catalyse the same reaction are isozymes if encoded by different genes, or allozymes if encoded by different alleles of the same gene; the two terms are often used interchangeably.
All Saints Church, Alton Priors
All Saints Church in Alton Priors, Wiltshire, England, dates from the 12th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building, and is now in the care of The Churches Conservation Trust.  It was declared redundant on 28 July 1972, and was vested in the Trust on 12 December 1973.

Alton, Wiltshire
Alton is a civil parish in Wiltshire, England. The parish includes the adjacent villages of Alton Barnes and Alton Priors, and the nearby hamlet of Honeystreet on the Kennet and Avon Canal. It lies in the Vale of Pewsey about 6 miles (10 km) east of Devizes.

The north of the parish is on the Marlborough Downs and includes part of Milk Hill, which is the highest point in Wiltshire at 295 metres (968 ft). The Woodborough Stream, a tributary of the Hampshire Avon, rises at Alton Priors and separates the two villages as it flows south.
Ormond Scenic Loop and Trail
The Ormond Scenic Loop and Trail is a series of scenic state and county highways in Volusia County, Florida.
CR 2002 (Highbridge Road and Walter Boardman Road) is the northern leg of the trail. CR 4011(Old Dixie Highway and North Beach Street) is the western leg, with a spur onto Pine Tree Drive. SR 40(East Granada Boulevard) is the southern leg of the trail. CR 2803(John Anderson Drive) is the central leg of the trail, and SR A1A is the eastern leg of the trail. Florida Scenic Highway, designated this route on July 9, 2007.

Volusia County, Florida
Volusia County (/vəˈluːʃə/ ⓘ, və-LOO-shə) is a county located in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 census, the county was home to 553,543 people, an increase of 11.9% from the 2010 census. It was founded on December 29, 1854, from a portion of Orange County, and was named for the community of Volusia, located in northwestern Volusia County. The original county seat was Enterprise. Since 1887, the county seat has been DeLand. Volusia County is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan statistical area, as well as part of the larger Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach Combined statistical area.
Lanner Electronics
Lanner Electronics, Inc. (TSE:6245) (Chinese: 立端科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Lìduān Kējì Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī), is a Taiwanese electronics manufacturer specializing in network appliances, industrial computers, embedded computers, vehicle PCs, motherboards and related accessories. Lanner owns and operates printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, chassis manufacturing and computer assembly factories. The company focuses mainly on OEM/ODM manufacturing for global name brand computer and computer peripheral companies. Lanner's main product lines include network appliance platforms, rugged embedded computers, and telecommunication carrier-grade platforms.

Industrial PC
An industrial PC is a computer intended for industrial purposes (production of goods and services), with a form factor between a nettop and a server rack. Industrial PCs have higher dependability and precision standards, and are generally more expensive than consumer electronics. They often use complex instruction sets, such as x86, where reduced instruction sets such as ARM would otherwise be used.
Paul Hébert
Paul Hébert, OC, CQ (May 28, 1924 – April 20, 2017) was a French Canadian television and stage actor and director, and the founder of six theatres in Quebec. He is best known for his role as Siméon Desrosiers in Le Temps d’une paix, a Canadian soap opera.

National Order of Quebec
The National Order of Quebec (French: l'Ordre national du Québec), also known as the Order of Quebec, is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Quebec. Instituted in 1984 when Lieutenant Governor Jean-Pierre Côté granted royal assent to the Loi sur l'Ordre national du Québec (National Order of Quebec Act), the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Quebec residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour in Quebec. In 1986, the order was expanded to include honorary membership for people outside Quebec.
Uniform 10-polytope
In ten-dimensional geometry, a 10-polytope is a 10-dimensional polytope whose boundary consists of 9-polytope facets, exactly two such facets meeting at each 8-polytope ridge.

A uniform 10-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform facets.

Uniform 9-polytope
In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets.

A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope facets.
Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus
Publius Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus (c. 31 – c. 91 AD), also known as Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus or Aelius Marullinus, was a Roman Senator of Praetorian rank from Hispania who lived in the Roman Empire during the 1st century.

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia.
Manger Municipality
Manger is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 33.9-square-kilometre (13.1 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Alver Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Manger where Manger Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 33.9-square-kilometre (13.1 sq mi) municipality was the 607th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Manger Municipality was the 561st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,328. The municipality's population density was 39.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (102/sq mi) and its population had increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Manger Church
Manger Church (Norwegian: Manger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Manger on the island of Radøy. It is one of the four churches in the Radøy parish which is part of the Nordhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1891 using designs by the architect Hans Heinrich Jess who was from Bergen. The church seats about 440 people.
Axe Giant: The Wrath of Paul Bunyan
Axe Giant: The Wrath of Paul Bunyan is a 2013 independent horror film produced, written and directed by Gary Jones. It follows a group of juvenile delinquents who unwittingly disturb the legendary Paul Bunyan while embarking on a rehabilitation excursion in the woods, invoking his deadly wrath.

Paul Bunyan
Paul Bunyan is a giant lumberjack and folk hero in American and Canadian folklore. His tall tales revolve around his superhuman labors, and he is customarily accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox (French: Babe le bœuf bleu), his pet and working animal. The character originated in the oral tradition of North American loggers, and was later popularized by freelance writer William B. Laughead (1882–1958) in a 1916 promotional pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company. He has been the subject of various literary compositions, musical pieces, commercial works, and theatrical productions. His likeness is displayed in a number of oversized statues across North America.
Northern Beaches Secondary College
The Northern Beaches Secondary College (abbreviated as NBSC) is a multi-campus government-funded co-educational dual-modality partially selective and comprehensive secondary day school, located on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The College was established 2003 through the merger and restructure of six existing campuses located in the northern beaches region. The College caters for approximately 4,800 students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education; the principal is  Dane Ropa, who leads the College.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
Elkridge, Maryland
Elkridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Howard County, Maryland, United States. Elkridge is a rapidly growing area; between the 2010 and the 2020 census, the population had grown from 15,593 to 25,171. Founded early in the 18th century, Elkridge is adjacent to two other counties, Anne Arundel and Baltimore.

Anne Arundel County, Maryland
Anne Arundel County (listenⓘ; /əˈrʌndəl/), also notated as AA or A.A. County, is located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 588,261, an increase of just under 10% since 2010. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state. The county is named for Anne Arundell (c. 1615/1616–1649), Lady Baltimore, a member of the Arundell family in Cornwall, England, and the wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), founder and first lord proprietor of the colony Province of Maryland. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state. Anne Arundel County is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington combined statistical area.
ERAmerica
ERAmerica was a coalition of organizations fighting for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s. The organization was bipartisan as Democrat Liz Carpenter and Republican Elly Peterson led the organization as co-chairs.

Elly M. Peterson
Elly M. Peterson (June 5, 1914 – June 9, 2008), was an American politician from Charlotte, Eaton County, Michigan.

Peterson was an overseas Red Cross volunteer in World War II. She was an officer in the American Cancer Society, an active member of the Congregational Church, American Legion Auxiliary, a lifetime member of the NAACP.
British NVC community CG10
NVC community CG10 (Festuca ovina - Agrostis capillaris - Thymus praecox grassland) is one of the calcicolous grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. Of the upland group of calcicolous grasslands, it is the only one with a short sward associated with heavy grazing.

It is a comparatively widely distributed community in the British uplands. There are three subcommunities.

British National Vegetation Classification
The British National Vegetation Classification or NVC is a system of classifying natural habitat types in Great Britain according to the vegetation they contain.

A large scientific meeting of ecologists, botanists, and other related professionals in the United Kingdom resulted in the publication of a compendium of five books: British Plant Communities, edited by John S. Rodwell, which detail the incidence of plant species in twelve major habitat types in the British natural environment. They are the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of the country. They cover all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (not Northern Ireland) and represent fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists.

From the data collated from the books, commercial software products have been developed to help to classify vegetation identified into one of the many habitat types found in Great Britain – these include MATCH, TABLEFIT and MAVIS.
Mari Montegriffo
Maria Isabel Montegriffo, known as Mari Montegriffo (c. 1950 – 18 August 2022) was a Gibraltarian politician. She was a Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party member of the House of Assembly from 1984 to 2007, the first female Mayor of Gibraltar (1988–95), as well as the Minister of Medical Services and Health and the Minister of Sport in Joe Bossano's administration (both 1988–96).

Mayor of Gibraltar
The Mayor of Gibraltar is the ceremonial official of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The mayor is appointed by the elected Members of Parliament and the office is situated at City Hall John Mackintosh Square. Since 16 June 2025, Nicky Guerrero succeeded Carmen Gomez (theatre actress, author and Miss Gibraltar 1970) for the role.
Apel (film)
Apel (Polish pronunciation: [ˈa.pɛl], variously translated as The Appeal and The Roll-Call) is a 1970 black-and-white cutout animated short film by Ryszard Czekała.

The film is about World War II and the Nazi occupation of Poland: during the morning roll call, a group of concentration camp prisoners are tormented by an SS officer who orders them to perform gymnastic exercises. The prisoners are shot when they rebel against obeying orders.

Cutout animation
Cutout animation is a form of stop-motion animation using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or photographs. The props would be cut out and used as puppets for stop motion. The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani), as is the world's earliest surviving animated feature Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (1926) by Lotte Reiniger.
Pennsylvania Railroad 460
Pennsylvania Railroad 460, nicknamed the "Lindbergh Engine", is a preserved E6s class 4-4-2 "Atlantic" type steam locomotive now located in the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, outside of Strasburg, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was built in August 1914 and became famous after racing an aircraft to New York City carrying newsreels of Charles Lindbergh's return to the United States after his transatlantic flight in 1927. In the late 1930s, No. 460 was operated by the Long Island Rail Road, and by the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines in the early 1950s, before being retired on January 11, 1956. No. 460 is the only surviving locomotive of its class and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1979. From 2010 to 2016, No. 460 underwent cosmetic restoration at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania.

4-4-2 (locomotive)
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 4-4-2 represents a configuration of a four-wheeled leading bogie, four powered and coupled driving wheels, and two trailing wheels supporting part of the weight of the boiler and firebox. This allows a larger firebox and boiler than the 4-4-0 configuration.

This wheel arrangement is commonly known as the Atlantic type, although it is also sometimes called a Milwaukee or 4-4-2 Milwaukee, after the Milwaukee Road, which employed it in high speed passenger service.
JETLAG gene
Jet or Jetlag is a gene discovered in Drosophila and other insects. They are a part of the SCF (SKP1–Cullin1–F-box protein) family of ubiquitin ligases that plays a huge role in the circadian pathway by controlling the degradation of TIM, a circadian regulatory protein. The gene plays an important role in resetting the circadian clock by transmitting light from CRY (circadian photoreceptor) to TIM (a clock protein). Jetlag mutants have been found to impede re-entrainment due to significantly reduced ability to degrade TIM. The F-box protein of the FBXL family named FBXL15 is JET's mammalian homolog.

SCF complex
Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex)  is a multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination of proteins destined for 26S proteasomal degradation. Along with the anaphase-promoting complex, SCF has important roles in the ubiquitination of proteins involved in the cell cycle. The SCF complex also marks various other cellular proteins for destruction.
Hauenstein Brewing Company
The Hauenstein Brewing Company is a brewing company in New Ulm, Minnesota, that was founded by German immigrant John Hauenstein Sr. in 1864. Up until the company's closing in 1972 the Hauenstein Brewing Company was one of the leading distributors of beer in southern Minnesota alongside the August Schell Brewing Company. Second only to Schell's it is one of the oldest brewing companies still operational in Minnesota.

August Schell Brewing Company
The August Schell Brewing Company is a brewing company in New Ulm, Minnesota, that was founded by German immigrant August Schell in 1860. It is the second oldest family-owned brewery in America (after D. G. Yuengling & Son) and became the oldest and largest brewery in Minnesota when the company bought the Grain Belt rights in 2002. In September 2010, the brewery celebrated its 150th anniversary with a two-day festival. Every year, Schell's also celebrates traditional German holidays with Bock Fest and Oktoberfest. The current brewery is owned and operated by the August Schell Brewing Company, a Minnesota corporation that was incorporated in 1902.
Spectral power distribution
In radiometry, photometry, and color science, a spectral power distribution (SPD) measurement describes the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination (radiant exitance). More generally, the term spectral power distribution can refer to the concentration, as a function of wavelength, of any radiometric or photometric quantity (e.g. radiant energy, radiant flux, radiant intensity, radiance, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiosity, luminance, luminous flux, luminous intensity, illuminance, luminous emittance).

Knowledge of the SPD is crucial for optical-sensor system applications. Optical properties such as transmittance, reflectivity, and absorbance as well as the sensor response are typically dependent on the incident wavelength.

Luminance
Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted from, or is reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle.

The procedure for conversion from spectral radiance to luminance is standardized by the CIE and ISO.

Brightness is the term for the subjective impression of the objective luminance measurement standard (see Objectivity (science) § Objectivity in measurement for the importance of this contrast).

The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). A non-SI term for the same unit is the nit. The unit in the Centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS) (which predated the SI system) is the stilb, which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10 kcd/m2.
John Read Teefy
Fr. John Read Teefy C.S.B. (21 August 1848 – 10 June 1911) was a Canadian Catholic priest, professor, journalist, and academic administrator at the University of St. Michael's College in Toronto, Canada.

Congregation of St. Basil
The Congregation of St. Basil (Latin: Congregatio a Sancto Basilio, abbreviation CSB), also called the Basilians, is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of pontifical right for men, with priests, seminarians and lay associates. It is an apostolic community whose members profess simple vows. The Basilians work in education and evangelization. The congregation was founded in 1822 in the aftermath of the French Revolution. In the early 19th century, the Basilians' educational and pastoral work brought them to a variety of locations in Canada and the United States. In the 1960s, the priests began to minister in Mexico, and in Colombia in the 1980s.