hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Veterans Memorial Field
Veterans Memorial Field, locally known as Vets Field, is a stadium in Altoona, Pennsylvania.  It is primarily used for baseball and was the home of Altoona Rail Kings. The ballpark has a capacity of 3,000.

It is located in the Westmont neighborhood of Altoona, near the Jaffa Shrine. Today the stadium hosts youth sporting events.

Altoona, Pennsylvania
Altoona (/ælˈtuːnə/ al-TOO-nə) is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 43,963 at the time of the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Altoona metropolitan area, which includes all of Blair County and was recorded as having a population of 122,823.

Altoona was established in 1849 by the Pennsylvania Railroad. Having grown around the railroad industry, the city has worked to recover from industrial decline and urban decentralization experienced in recent decades. The city is home to the Altoona Curve baseball team of the Eastern League, which is the AA affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball team. They play at Peoples Natural Gas Field in Altoona. The Altoona Symphony Orchestra has called Altoona home since 1928. Prominent landmarks include the Horseshoe Curve, the Railroaders Memorial Museum, the Juniata Shops of the Altoona Works, the Mishler Theatre, the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, and the Jaffa Shrine Center.
Eitan Ginzburg
Eitan Ginzburg (Hebrew: אֵיתָן גִּינְזְבּוּרְג; born 25 January 1977) is an Israeli politician who currently serves as a Member of the Knesset for Blue and White. The first openly gay mayor in Israel when he became mayor of Ra'anana in 2018, he was elected to the Knesset the following year and served as Minister of Communications in 2021.

Ministry of Communications (Israel)
The Ministry of Communications (Hebrew: מִשְׂרָד הַתִּקְשֹׁרֶת, Misrad HaTikshoret) is the Israeli government agency responsible for regulating and overseeing communications infrastructure and services. Its primary role is to manage telecommunications, broadcasting, and postal services. The ministry was established in 1952 and was known as the Ministry of Postal Services (Hebrew: משרד הדואר, Misrad HaDo'ar) until 1970.
Al-Gama'a
Al-Gama'a (Arabic: الجماعة al-Jamāʿah, IPA: [elɡæˈmæːʕæ], "the society/group") is an Egyptian television drama, Historical and Political drama series written by Wahid Hamid, directed by Mohammed Yasin and produced by Kamel Abu Ali. The series began filming in January 2010 with a budget of 50 million Egyptian pounds. The show deals with the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt's largest Islamist political group, which was officially banned but nonetheless tolerated to an extent before the revolution. Critics have decried the show's pro-government stance, charging that it plays into the Egyptian government's agenda prior to the 2010 Egyptian parliamentary elections.

2010 Egyptian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Egypt in 2010. The first stage was held on 28 November 2010 and the second round was held on 5 December 2010.

The election was scheduled in two stages to form the Ninth Assembly since the adoption of the 1971 Constitution. 444 ordinary seats were contested with 64 additional seats reserved for women, while the president appointed 10 members, making a total of 518 seats.

Human rights groups said the election was the "most fraudulent ever" in Egypt's history. It is considered to have been a factor in the Egyptian Revolution that occurred shortly afterwards in early 2011.
Earl of Dunmore
Earl of Dunmore is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.

The title Earl of Dunmore was created in 1686 for Lord Charles Murray, son of John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl. The title passed down through generations, with various earls serving in the House of Lords as Scottish Representative Peers and holding other political positions. The 4th Earl was a colonial governor in New York, Virginia, and the Bahamas, while the 5th Earl bought the Estate of Harris in 1834. The 7th Earl served under Benjamin Disraeli and was the Lord Lieutenant of Stirlingshire. The 8th Earl received the Victoria Cross and held political office as Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms. The barony of Dunmore became extinct after the 9th Earl's death in 1980, but the other titles passed to his distant relatives in Tasmania, Australia. The family seat was located at Amhuinnsuidhe Castle on the Isle of Harris and Dunmore Tower near Falkirk.

John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl
John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl, KT (2 May 1631 – 6 May 1703) was a leading Scottish royalist and defender of the Stuarts during the English Civil War of the 1640s, until after the rise to power of William and Mary in 1689. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Atholl on his father's demise in June 1642 and as 3rd Earl of Tullibardine after the death of his first cousin the 2nd Earl in 1670.
Huether Hotel
The Huether Hotel (also known as Ewald House from 1911–1934 and Hotel Kent from 1934–1980s)  is a historic building in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Originally built in 1855, renovations beginning in the 1870s established the building in the High Victorian style. Starting as a hotel and home for the Lion Brewery, the building today houses a café, restaurant and pub with the brewery now located next door.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Qiao'ergou Catholic Church
Qiao'ergou Catholic Church is a former Catholic church in Qiaogou Subdistrict, Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi. After the arrival of the Chinese Communist forces in Yan'an in 1936, it was used by the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party and the Lu Xun Art Institute. It was listed as a major cultural heritage site under national-level protection of China in 1961.

National priority protected site
A national priority protected site is the highest-level national protection for immovable cultural relics in China. The designation was first created under the 1961 Provisional Regulations on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics, which evolved into the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics.

According to the 2002 Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the National Cultural Heritage Administration of the State Council selects those with significant historical, artistic, and scientific value as national key cultural relics protection units. National key cultural relics protection units shall not be demolished; if they need to be relocated, they must be reported to the State Council for approval by applications from the people's government of the provincial administrative region.
Capital City Red
Capital City Red was the branding of bus services 17 and 18 in Cardiff. The route runs from the city centre to the west of the city, serving the Canton, Ely and Caerau districts.

The service forms part of the wider Cardiff Bus network and is one of three services to initially have a unique branding, along with Baycar and Capital City Green. Their fleet includes 55 Yutong E12 electric buses.

The service was introduced in 2006 to improve infrastructure on the route, and with the aim to make the corridor the first Statutory Quality Bus Partnership in Wales.

Ely, Cardiff
Ely (Welsh: Trelái from tref, town + Welsh: Afon Elái, River Ely) is a district and community in Cardiff, Wales. It is to the north of Cowbridge Road West. Caerau defines the boundary to the south as does the River Ely to the east and in part to the north.
Somerset Militia
The Somerset Militia was an auxiliary military force in the county of Somerset in South West England. From their formal organisation as Trained Bands in 1558 until their final service as the Special Reserve, the Militia regiments of the county carried out internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. They saw active service during the Second Bishops' War, the English Civil War, the Monmouth Rebellion and the Second Boer War, and finally trained thousands of reinforcements during World War I. After a shadowy postwar existence they were formally disbanded in 1953.

Trained band
Trained bands were companies of part-time militia in England, Wales and the Americas. First organized in the 16th century and dissolved in the 18th. The term was used after this time to describe the London militia.

In England and Wales, organised by county, they were supposed to drill on a regular basis, although this was rarely the case in practice. The regular army was formed from the Trained Bands in the event of war, though the inability or unwillingness of many of the bands to serve outside of their home regions often left the army short on manpower compared to the paper strength implied by the Trained Bands rolls. They later became common in the American colonies, where they are normally referred to as Trainbands. Similar organisations include the Dutch Schutterij, and the Swiss militia, elements of which remain in existence today.
Gabriele Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano (/ˌvɛnɪtsiˈɑːnoʊ/ VEN-it-see-AH-noh; Italian: [ɡabriˈɛːle venetˈtsjaːno]; born 7 September 1942) is an Italian theoretical physicist widely considered the father of string theory. He has conducted most of his scientific activities at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, and held the Chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the Collège de France in Paris from 2004 to 2013, until the age of retirement there.

Collège de France
The Collège de France (French pronunciation: [kɔlɛʒ də fʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; formerly known as the Collège Royal or as the Collège impérial), founded in 1530 by François I, is a higher education and research establishment (grand établissement) in France. It is located in Paris near La Sorbonne. The Collège de France has been considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. It is an associate member of PSL University.

Research and teaching are closely linked at the Collège de France, whose ambition is to teach "the knowledge that is being built up in all fields of literature, science and the arts".
Mini John Cooper Works Rally
The Mini John Cooper Works Rally is an off-road competition car based on the Mini Countryman, which is built and used by the German racing team X-Raid around team manager Sven Quandt. The John Cooper Works Rally was first used in the 2017 Dakar Rally.

Mini Countryman
The Mini Countryman, also called Mini Crossover in Japan until 2024, is a subcompact crossover SUV, the first vehicle of this type to be launched by BMW under the Mini marque. It was launched in 2010 and received a facelift in 2014. The second generation vehicle was released in 2017 and received a facelift in 2020. The third generation of the Countryman was released in 2023.
Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998
Norway was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 with the song "Alltid sommer", composed by David Eriksen, with lyrics by Linda Andernach Johansen, and performed by Lars A. Fredriksen. The Norwegian participating broadcaster, Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK), organised the national final Melodi Grand Prix 1998 in order to select its entry for the contest. Eight entries competed in a show that took place on 27 February 1999 and the winner, "All I Ever Wanted (Was You)" performed by Lars A. Fredriksen, was determined by the votes from a six-member jury panel and a regional televote. The song was later translated from English to Norwegian for Eurovision and was titled "Alltid sommer".

Norway competed in the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 9 May 1999. Performing during the show in position 22, Norway placed eighth out of the 25 participating countries, scoring 79 points.

Melodi Grand Prix
Melodi Grand Prix (Norwegian: [mɛlʊˈdiː ɡrɑŋ ˈpriː]), commonly known as Grand Prix and MGP, sometimes as Norsk Melodi Grand Prix, is an annual music competition organised by Norwegian public broadcaster Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK). It determines its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, and has been staged almost every year since 1960.

The festival has produced three Eurovision winners, a non-winning televote winner and nine top-five placings for Norway at the contest. However, Norway holds the record for the number of entries who have come last since entering Eurovision; 12 in all. Despite this, the competition still makes considerable impact on music charts in Norway and other Nordic countries, with the 2008 winner topping the Norwegian charts.
Hille–Yosida theorem
In functional analysis in mathematics, the Hille–Yosida theorem characterizes the generators of strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups of linear operators on Banach spaces. It is sometimes stated for the special case of contraction semigroups, with the general case being called the Feller–Miyadera–Phillips theorem (after William Feller, Isao Miyadera, and Ralph Phillips). The contraction semigroup case is widely used in the theory of Markov processes. In other scenarios, the closely related Lumer–Phillips theorem is often more useful in determining whether a given operator generates a strongly continuous contraction semigroup. The Hille–Yosida theorem is named after mathematicians Einar Hille and Kōsaku Yosida, who independently proved it around 1948.

Banach space
In mathematics, more specifically in functional analysis, a Banach space (/ˈbɑː.nʌx/, Polish pronunciation: [ˈba.nax]) is a complete normed vector space. Thus, a Banach space is a vector space with a metric that allows the computation of vector length and distance between vectors and is complete in the sense that a Cauchy sequence of vectors always converges to a well-defined limit that is within the space.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach, who introduced this concept and studied it systematically in 1920–1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly.
Maurice René Fréchet was the first to use the term "Banach space" and Banach in turn then coined the term "Fréchet space".
Banach spaces originally grew out of the study of function spaces by Hilbert, Fréchet, and Riesz earlier in the century. Banach spaces play a central role in functional analysis. In other areas of analysis, the spaces under study are often Banach spaces.
Music School Kosta Manojlović, Zemun
The Music School Kosta Manojlović is located at 9 Nemanjina street in Zemun. It is one of the largest schools in Serbia. The school was named after Kosta Manojlović, the famous Serbian composer, musicologist, founder and first rector of the Faculty of Music in Belgrade. Students and professors of this school have achieved outstanding successes at numerous competition events in Serbia and abroad, which places the school at the very top of the music education in Serbia. The School Day is celebrated on December 4 – the day of birth of Kosta Manojlović.

University of Arts in Belgrade
The University of Arts in Belgrade (Serbian Cyrillic: Универзитет уметности у Београду, romanized: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu) is a public university in Serbia. It was founded in 1957 as the Academy of Arts to unite four academies. It became a university and acquired its current name in 1973.
Bernardine Dohrn
Bernardine Rae Dohrn (née Ohrnstein; born January 12, 1942) is a retired American law professor and a former leader of the far-left militant organization Weather Underground in the United States. As a leader of the Weather Underground in the early 1970s, Dohrn was on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list for several years.  She remained a fugitive, even though she was removed from the list.  After coming out of hiding in 1980, Dohrn pleaded guilty to misdemeanor charges of aggravated battery and bail jumping.

Dohrn had graduated from the University of Chicago Law School in 1967. During the 1980s, she was employed by the Sidley & Austin law firm.  From 1991 to 2013, Dohrn was a Clinical Associate Professor of Law at the Children and Family Justice Center at Northwestern University School of Law. She is married to Bill Ayers, a co-founder of the Weather Underground.

Far-left politics
Far-left politics are politics further to the left on the political spectrum than the standard political left. In certain instances, far-left has been associated with various forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, communism, and Marxism, or are characterised as groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism and related communist ideologies, or anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation. Far-left terrorism consists of extremist, militant, or insurgent groups that attempt to realise their ideals through political violence rather than using democratic processes.
Dominated convergence theorem
In measure theory, Lebesgue's dominated convergence theorem gives a mild sufficient condition under which limits and integrals of a sequence of functions can be interchanged. More technically it says that if a sequence of functions is bounded in absolute value by an integrable function and is almost everywhere pointwise convergent to a function then the sequence converges in  to its pointwise limit, and in particular the integral of the limit is the limit of the integrals. Its power and utility are two of the primary theoretical advantages of Lebesgue integration over Riemann integration.

In addition to its frequent appearance in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations, it is widely used in probability theory, since it gives a sufficient condition for the convergence of expected values of random variables.

Riemann integral
In the branch of mathematics known as real analysis, the Riemann integral, created by Bernhard Riemann, was the first rigorous definition of the integral of a function on an interval.  It was presented to the faculty at the University of Göttingen in 1854, but not published in a journal until 1868. For many functions and practical applications, the Riemann integral can be evaluated by the fundamental theorem of calculus or approximated by numerical integration, or simulated using Monte Carlo integration.
Enrique Ortúzar
Enrique Cornelio Ortúzar Escobar (7 November 1914 – 26 February 2005) was a Chilean lawyer, academic and politician. He served as a minister of State during the government of President Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez (1958–1964).

A leading conservative thinker, he was chosen by General Augusto Pinochet to lead the process that produced the constitutional text that has governed the country since 1980.

Constitution of Chile
The Constitution of Chile is the governing document that codifies the structure of the government of Chile.

The Chilean Constitution of 1980 is the current in-force constitution of Chile.

Previous actual or proposed constitutions of Chile include:

Chilean Constitution of 1833, the constitution used from 1833 to 1925

Chilean Constitution of 1925, the constitution used from 1925 to 1973

The 2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile sought to replace the Chilean Constitution of 1980, but was rejected by a margin of 62% to 38%
Arshad Hussain Shah
Syed Arshad Hussain Shah (Urdu: سید ارشد حسین شاہ) is a Pakistani jurist who is the former Caretaker Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He has served as the Chief Judge of the Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan from 2019 to 2022. He has been appointed as judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan on 14 November 2025.

He has also served as the Minister for Law, Auqaf, and Human Rights in the caretaker cabinet of Muhammad Azam Khan.
He is judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan since 14 November 2025.

Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the head of government of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The chief minister leads the legislative branch of the provincial government, and is elected by the Provincial Assembly. As long as she or he has the confidence of the assembly, a single term in office for the chief minister can be a maximum of five years. There is no limit on the number of terms.

The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is elected by the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to serve as the head of the provincial government in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Isla Cardona
Isla Cardona, also known as Sor Isolina Ferré Island, is a small, uninhabited island located 1.30 nautical miles (2.41 km; 1.50 mi) south of the mainland Puerto Rican shore across from Barrio Playa, on the west side of the entrance to the harbor of Ponce, Puerto Rico. The small island is considered part of barrio Playa. It is home to the 1889 Cardona Island Light, which is listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Together with Caja de Muertos, Gatas, Morrillito, Ratones, Isla del Frio, and Isla de Jueyes, Cardona is one of seven islands ascribed to the municipality of Ponce. The island gained notoriety in 2010 when the Puerto Rican Bird Society made it a target for the eradication of the black rat.

Playa, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Barrio Playa, also known as Playa de Ponce, Ponce Playa, or  La Playa, is one of the thirty-one barrios that comprise the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Along with Bucaná, Canas, Vayas, and Capitanejo, Playa is one of the municipality's five coastal barrios. Barrio Playa also incorporates several islands, the largest of which is Caja de Muertos. It was founded in 1831.
Girmay Zahilay
Girmay Hadish Zahilay (/ˈɡɜːrmaɪ ˈzɑːhɪlaɪ/ GUR-my ZAH-hil-eye; born May 6, 1987) is an American politician who has served as the King County Executive since 2025. He was formerly a member of the King County Council from District 2. He was elected to King County Council in 2019, defeating longtime incumbent Larry Gossett. In 2025, Zahilay was elected King County Executive, succeeding interim appointee Shannon Braddock.

King County Council
The Metropolitan King County Council, the legislative body of King County, Washington, consists of nine members elected by district. The council adopts laws, sets policy, and holds final approval over the budget. Its current name and structure is the result of a merger of King County and the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, better known as Metro, which was a federated county-city structure responsible for water quality and public transportation.
Samuel Ogazi
Samuel Ogazi Listenⓘ (born 14 May 2006) is a Nigerian sprinter who predominantly competes over 400 metres. He was a bronze medalist at the 2024 African Championships and competed at the 2024 Olympic Games. He won the 2025 NCAA Outdoor Championships.

2024 African Championships in Athletics
The 23rd African Championships in Athletics was held in Douala, Cameroon from 21 to 26 June 2024, at the Japoma Stadium Sports Complex. This was the second time the event took place in Cameroon, after they previously hosted the event in 1996. Over 800 athletes from 49 African countries competed at the championships.