hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1976 United States presidential election in South Dakota
The 1976 United States presidential election in South Dakota was held on November 2, 1976 as part of the 1976 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Gerald Ford won the state of South Dakota, defeating Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter by a slim margin of 1.48%. Ford won all four of the state's electoral votes, but lost the national election to Carter. This is the closest that a Democrat presidential nominee has come to carrying South Dakota since 1964.

South Dakota weighed in as 4 points more Republican than the national average. As of the 2024 presidential election, this is the last election in which Codington County, Edmunds County, Faulk County, Gregory County, and McCook County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This is also the last time a Democrat won any of South Dakota's congressional districts, namely the 1st, as both it and the 2nd would be eliminated after the 1980 census.

Gregory County, South Dakota
Gregory County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,994. Its county seat is Burke. The county was created in 1862 and organized in 1898. It was named for the politician J. Shaw Gregory.
Ihering
Ihering  is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German-Brazilian naturalist

Herbert Ihering (1888–1977), German theater critic

Rodolpho von Ihering (1883–1939) Brazilian zoologist, son of Hermann von Ihering

Rudolf von Jhering (1818–1892), German jurist

Rudolf von Jhering
Caspar Rudolph Ritter von Jhering (German: [ˈjeːrɪŋ]; also Ihering; 22 August 1818 – 17 September 1892) was a German jurist. He is best known for his 1872 book Der Kampf ums Recht (The Struggle for Law), as a legal scholar, and as the founder of a modern sociological and historical school of law. His ideas were important to the subsequent development of the "jurisprudence of interests" in Germany.
Gasparia nebulosa
Gasparia nebulosa is a species of Toxopidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand. Originally described in 1956, the species is only known to occur on Great Island in Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands, northwest of mainland New Zealand.

Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands
The Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands (Manawatāwhi is also the Māori name for the largest island) are a group of 13 uninhabited islands about 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Cape Reinga, New Zealand, where the South Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea converge. They measure 6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi) in area. The islands are on a submarine plateau, the Three Kings Bank, and are separated from the New Zealand mainland by an 8 km wide, 200 to 300 m deep submarine trough. Therefore, despite relative proximity to the mainland, the islands are listed with the New Zealand Outlying Islands. The islands are an immediate part of New Zealand, but not part of any region or district, but instead Area Outside Territorial Authority, like all the other outlying islands except the Solander Islands.
Sun Jiazheng
Sun Jiazheng (simplified Chinese: 孙家正; traditional Chinese: 孫家正; pinyin: Sūn Jiāzhèng; born March 1944) is a politician of the People's Republic of China. He served as Minister of Radio, Film and Television between 1994 and 1998, before serving as Minister of Culture from March 1998 to March 2008.
He was the chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles from 2006 to 2016.

National Radio and Television Administration
The National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) is a ministry-level executive agency controlled by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Its main task is the administration and supervision of state-owned enterprises engaged in the television and radio industries. Its current director is Cao Shumin.

It directly controls state-owned enterprises at the national level such as China Central Television, China National Radio, and China Radio International, as well as other movie and television studios and other non-business organizations.

The administration was formerly known as the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (SAPPRFT) from 2013 to 2018, and the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) from 1998 to 2013.
Kurnool
Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema". Kurnool is also famous for Diamond hunting as diamonds can be found in the barren land of Kurnool after the top layers of soil are washed away by the monsoon rains. It also serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. As of 2011 census, it is the fifth most populous city in the state with a population of 425,214. It is located on the banks of the Tungabhadra river. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the Konda Reddy Fort.

Konda Reddy Fort
Konda Reddy Fort, also known as Kondareddy Buruju is a fort situated in the city of Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh, India. At a distance of 2 km from Kurnool Railway Station, 2.9 km from Kurnool New Bus Stand and 24 km from Alampur, Konda Reddy fort is an imposing structure situated in the heart of Kurnool City. The monument, a semi-circular bastion crowned with a tower, is the only extant remains of an old fortification around the city.
Sibley Trail
The Sibley Trail was a military road utilized by the Union Army during the aftermath of the Dakota War of 1862 and the Sioux Wars. The trail runs roughly 45 miles from Fargo and western Minnesota into the central region of Dakota Territory, now the state of North Dakota. The trail was later incorporated into several communities in North Dakota including Sibley Trail Township and other communities of Barnes County, Kidder County, and Cass County among others.

Sioux Wars
The Sioux Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and various subgroups of the Sioux people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, when Sioux warriors killed 31 American soldiers in the Grattan Massacre, and the final came in 1890 during the Ghost Dance War.
Essential spectrum
In mathematics, the essential spectrum of a bounded operator (or, more generally, of a densely defined closed linear operator) is a certain subset of its spectrum, defined by a condition of the type that says, roughly speaking, "fails badly to be invertible".

Densely defined operator
In mathematics – specifically, in operator theory – a densely defined operator or partially defined operator is a type of partially defined function. In a topological sense, it is a linear operator that is defined "almost everywhere".  Densely defined operators often arise in functional analysis as operations that one would like to apply to a larger class of objects than those for which they a priori "make sense".

A closed operator that is used in practice is often densely defined.
Yuldash Akhunbabaev
Yuldash Akhunbabaevich Akhunbabaev (Uzbek: Yoʻldosh Oxunboboyevich Oxunboboyev; Russian: Юлдаш Ахунбабаевич Ахунбабаев; 13 July 1885 – 28 February 1943) was a Soviet Uzbek politician, revolutionary, and communist activist who was one of the founding fathers of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic.

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.

Treaty of Turin (1860)
The Treaty of Turin (Italian: Trattato di Torino; French: Traité de Turin) concluded between France and Piedmont-Sardinia on 24 March 1860 is the instrument by which the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice were annexed to France, ending the centuries-old Italian rule of the region.
Stalbridge
Stalbridge (/ˈstɔːlbrɪdʒ/) is a town and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale, near the border with Somerset. In the 2021 census the civil parish—which includes the hamlets of Stalbridge Weston, and Thornhill—had 1,224 households and a population of 2,668. The nearest towns are Sturminster Newton, four miles (six kilometres) southeast, Sherborne, 6 mi (10 km) west, and Shaftesbury, 7 mi (11 km) northeast. Stalbridge is situated on the A357 on a low limestone ridge, one mile (1.5 kilometres) west of the River Stour. It officially became a town in April 1992.

Though relatively small, Stalbridge has its own independent supermarket, dispensing pharmacy, dentist and optician, as well as many other services, reflecting its catchment area of surrounding farms and hamlets. It is also home to the local free newspaper, the Blackmore Vale Magazine.

A357 road
The A357 is a road that leads from Blandford to Wincanton. In combination with the A350 and A371, it forms the main route between Blandford and Poole and Weston-super-Mare, of which it is the intermediate segment.

There have been calls for traffic calming measures at Sturminster Newton, regarding a perception of many vehicles exceeding the speed limit. Between August 2011 and August 2016, there were 2 slight injuries due to road traffic accidents on the stretch. There have been fatal accidents on the stretch of road near Blandford.
Leslie Evershed-Martin
Leslie Eric Evershed-Martin, CBE (1903–1994) was a British theatre manager, city councillor and optician, and founder of the Chichester Festival Theatre.

Evershed-Martin was born in Clapham, London in 1903. His father was a bank manager, and he trained as an optician. He was twice Mayor of Chichester
and founded Chichester Players in 1933. In 1959, Evershed-Martin founded the Chichester Festival Theatre, and then successfully raised the funding to see this 'Impossible theatre' built, in 1960. The theatre opened with Laurence Olivier as its first artistic director, and attracted a host of prominent directors during its first two decades. In July 1963 he was recognised with the award of member (serving brother) of the Order of Saint John.  He was awarded an OBE in June 1967, and a CBE in June 1990 for his services to theatre.

He married Caroline Hull in 1929; they had two sons. He died in 1994.

Optician
An optician is an individual who fits glasses or contact lenses by filling a refractive prescription from an optometrist or ophthalmologist. They are able to translate and adapt ophthalmic prescriptions, dispense products, and work with accessories.  There are several specialties within the field.
Immaculata-LaSalle High School
Immaculata-La Salle High School is a private, Catholic high school in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, Florida.  It is part of the Archdiocese of Miami and located between Mercy Hospital and Vizcaya on South Bayshore Drive.

The school was officially founded as Immaculata Academy, a Catholic college preparatory school for girls, on September 1, 1958. The Sisters of St. Joseph Congregation of St. Augustine FL were the school's founding religious order.  The school is now run by the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco.

Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco
The Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, formally known as the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians (Italian: Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice; abbreviated FMA) are a female religious institute formed by Saint Maria Domenica Mazzarello in 1872. They were founded to work alongside Saint John Bosco and his Salesians of Don Bosco in his teaching projects in Turin. They continue to be a teaching order worldwide.
Vladimir Putin's rise to power
In the early 2000s, significant political changes took place in Russia with Vladimir Putin's rise to power. He previously held key positions in security forces and government, and he became the successor to President Boris Yeltsin.

After serving as the director of the Federal Security Service and as Secretary of the Security Council in August 1999, Putin became the head of the government. On 31 December 1999, following the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin, he was appointed Acting President. He was first elected President of Russia on 26 March 2000, and then re-elected in 2004, 2012, 2018, and 2024.

Director of the Federal Security Service
The Director of Russia's Federal Security Service (Директор Федеральной Службы Безопасности) is the head and chief executive officer of the Federal Security Service, which is one of several Russian intelligence agencies. The Director of FSB reports directly to the president of Russia. The Director is assisted by the Deputy Director of the FSB.

The Director is a civilian or a general of the armed forces nominated by the president, with the concurring or nonconcurring recommendation from the Secretary of the Security Council of Russia and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the Federation Council.
Z-group
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, the term Z-group refers to a number of distinct types of groups:

in the study of finite groups, a Z-group is a finite group whose Sylow subgroups are all cyclic.

in the study of infinite groups, a Z-group is a group which possesses a very general form of central series.

in the study of ordered groups, a Z-group or -group is a discretely ordered abelian group whose quotient over its minimal convex subgroup is divisible. Such groups are elementarily equivalent to the integers . Z-groups are an alternative presentation of Presburger arithmetic.

occasionally, (Z)-group is used to mean a Zassenhaus group, a special type of permutation group.

Central series
In mathematics, especially in the fields of group theory and Lie theory, a central series is a kind of normal series of subgroups or Lie subalgebras, expressing the idea that the commutator is nearly trivial. For groups, the existence of a central series means it is a nilpotent group; for matrix rings (considered as Lie algebras), it means that in some basis the ring consists entirely of upper triangular matrices with constant diagonal.

This article uses the language of group theory; analogous terms are used for Lie algebras.

A general group possesses a lower central series and upper central series (also called the descending central series and ascending central series, respectively), but these are central series in the strict sense (terminating in the trivial subgroup) if and only if the group is nilpotent. A related but distinct construction is the derived series, which terminates in the trivial subgroup whenever the group is solvable.
Dorothy Wall (rugby union)
Dorothy Wall (born 4 May 2000) is an Irish rugby union player from Fethard, County Tipperary. She plays flanker for Blackrock College RFC, Munster and Ireland women's national rugby union team. She is also contracted to Rugby Ireland's international Sevens team. She is a radiography student, based in Dublin.

Ireland women's national rugby union team
The Ireland women's national rugby union team represents Ireland in international women's rugby union competitions such as the Women's Six Nations Championship and the Women's Rugby World Cup. They have also represented Ireland in the FIRA Women's European Championship. Ireland won the 2013 and 2015 Women's Six Nations Championships. In 2013 they also achieved both a Triple Crown and Grand Slam. They finished fourth in the 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup after defeating New Zealand in the pool stages. Ireland hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup. The team was part of the by the Irish Women's Rugby Football Union (IWRFU). In 2009, the women were taken on by the Irish Rugby Football Union.
Winter Commission
The Winter Commission was a diocesan commission appointed in May 1989 by Alphonsus Liguori Penney, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. Johns, to conduct hearings surrounding the Mount Cashel abuse affairs.

The commission headed by former Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador Gordon Arnaud Winter, a member of the Anglican Church of Canada. It conducted hearings in churches across the province, commencing on June 11, 1989. Its final report, submitted in 1990, was entitled The report of the Archdiocesan Commission of Enquiry into the Sexual Abuse of Children by Members of the Clergy.

Archbishop Penney resigned following the release of the commission's report, which placed some of the blame for cover-ups of the abuse on him.

Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland
The Archdiocese of St. John's, Newfoundland (Latin: Archidioecesis Sancti Ioannis Terrae Novae) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is the metropolitan of an ecclesiastical province with two suffragan dioceses: Grand Falls and Corner Brook and Labrador. The current archbishop is the Most Reverend Peter Hundt. The Archdiocese of St. John's is the oldest Roman Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in English-speaking North America.

The Basilica of St. John the Baptist is the cathedral of the archdiocese. The building sits within the St. John's Ecclesiastical District, a National Historic District of Canada.
Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality
Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality (Norwegian: Sogn og Fjordane fylkeskommune) was the regional governing administration of the old Sogn og Fjordane county in Norway. The county municipality was established in its current form on 1 January 1976 when the law was changed to allow elected county councils in Norway. The county municipality was dissolved on 1 January 2020, when Sogn og Fjordane was merged with the neighboring Hordaland county, creating the new Vestland county which is led by the Vestland County Municipality.

The main responsibilities of the county municipality included the running of 12 upper secondary schools with 4,500 pupils. It also oversaw the county roadways, public transport, dental care, culture, and cultural heritage.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
Global Health Share Initiative
Global HealthShare initiative (GHS) is a program launched in June 2010 by the University of California, Davis Center of Excellence for Nutritional Genomics. The program plans to share resources to improve the health in developing countries. Alliances with other research institutions, humanitarian organizations and private companies around the world have been made to meet this goal.

The organization uses a multidisciplinary approach against chronic and infectious disease, breaking down their efforts into two main research "cores": the Nutrition Core and Mucosal Immunity Core. The former focuses on fighting malnutrition and the latter on developing new ways to deliver vaccines more effectively to developing countries. The program differentiates itself from others like it by focusing on the delivery of the beneficial product to the end-user rather than the academic research process.

Nutritional genomics
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health.  People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships. Nutritional genomics emerged as a new field of research in 2001. Nutriepigenomics is a sub-field of nutrigenomics.
Levadiakos F.C.
Levadiakos Football Club (officially romanized: Levadeiakos Greek: ΠΑΕ Λεβαδειακός) is a Greek professional football club that plays in the Super League Greece. Based in Livadeia, Greece, the club was  promoted to the Alpha Ethniki, forerunner of the Super League, after ten seasons in minor divisions in the 2005–06 season, as runner-up of the Football League in 2004–05. It was then relegated to the Beta Ethniki again in 2006–07 and returned to the top tier in 2007–08.  The club finished one level above relegation that year but was relegated back to the second division by finishing 14th in 2009–10. The club most recently won promotion back into the Super League Greece after winning the Super League Greece 2 in 2023–24.

Football League (Greece)
The Football League (Greek: Φούτμπολ Λιγκ), also officially known as Beta Ethniki Katigoria (Greek: Β΄ Εθνική Κατηγορία, lit. 'Second National Division'), was second-tier professional men's association football league in Greece since its inception in 1962 as Beta Ethniki and until 2019. It then served as a third-tier professional men's association football league after the creation of the Greek Super League 2 as the new second-tier professional men's association football league and it was eventually abolished in 2021 when the 2021–22 Super League 2 went from a 12 team to a 36 team league, absorbing most of the clubs from the Football League.
Efter stormen
... Efter stormen (After the Storm) is the third studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter Marie Fredriksson, released on 12 October 1987 by EMI Sweden. Her first release since Roxette's commercial breakthrough in Sweden, the album was a massive success, peaking at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart and selling over 50,000 copies within a month of release. It has since been certified platinum by the Swedish Recording Industry Association for shipments in excess of 100,000 units.

The title track preceded the album as its first and only commercial single, although "Bara för en dag" was also a top ten hit on the Swedish Airplay Chart. The record won Best Swedish Album at the 1987 Rockbjörnen awards, where Fredriksson won the award for Best Swedish Female. It also received a nomination at the 1988 Grammis Awards, the Swedish equivalent of the Grammy Awards. The album was remastered and reissued in 2003 with three bonus tracks.

Sverigetopplistan
Sverigetopplistan (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̂rjɛˌtɔpːlɪstan], lit. "the Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, based on sales data from IFPI Sverige.  It was formerly known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and has been known by its current name since October 2007. Before Topplistan, music sales in Sweden were recorded by Kvällstoppen, whose weekly chart was a combined albums and singles list.