hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imam
Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/; Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic teachings and become an imam.

For most Shia Muslims, the imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendants of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shi'ism there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. The title was also used by the Zaidi Shia imams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970).

Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.
Hanshkhali
Hanskhali is a village in the Hanskhali CD block in the Ranaghat subdivision of the Nadia district in the state of West Bengal, India. Situated on the bank of the Churni River, Hanshkhali is known for an Administrative Registry Office and Police Station.

Churni River
The Churni River is a distributary of the Mathabhanga River and a tributary of the Hooghly River, flowing through Nadia district in West Bengal, India. The Mathabhanga River itself is a distributary of the Padma River. The Mathabhanga-Churni is one of the three Nadia Rivers —Bhagirathi, Jalangi, and Mathabhanga. The Mathabhanga-Churni system is also an Indo-Bangladesh transboundary river.
Dakoa Newman
Dakoa Newman (born 6 June 1985) is a Ghanaian politician who is a member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP). She is the member of parliament for the Okaikwei South Constituency. She is the daughter of Victor Newman who was also a politician and founding member of the New Patriotic Party. She is the Minister for Gender, Children and Social Protection.

Okaikwei South
Okaikwei South is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Okaikwei South is located in the Accra Metropolitan Assembly of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
2-8-8-8-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, a 2-8-8-8-8-2 has two leading wheels, four sets of eight driving wheels, and two trailing wheels. Because of its length, such a locomotive must be an multiplex locomotive. It is  longer than a normal articulated locomotive; the fourth set of drivers is located under the tender.

Other equivalent classifications are:
UIC classification: 1-D-D-D-D-1 (also known as German classification and Italian classification)
AAR classification: 1-D-D-D-D-1
French classification: 140+040+040+041
Turkish classification: 45+44+44+45
Swiss classification: 4/5+4/4+4/4+4/5

The equivalent UIC classification is to be refined to (1'D)DD(D1').

Multiplex locomotive
A multiplex locomotive is a steam locomotive that divides the driving force on its wheels by using multiple pairs of cylinders to drive multiple driving wheel set groups. Such a locomotive will necessarily articulate if it has more than two sets of driving wheels. There were locomotive projects with  three, four, five or six sets of drive wheels. However, these locomotives were never built, except for four triplex locomotives in the United States and one quadruplex locomotive in Belgium.

The names of the subgroups of multiplex locomotives is derived from the number of drive wheel sets and is composed of the numeral prefix and the word locomotive. However, locomotive is often omitted if it can be inferred from the context.
Villanueva del Pardillo
Villanueva del Pardillo is a municipality and Spanish town of the Community of Madrid, situated 26 kilometers from the capital of Spain and nestled in the natural environment of the Cuenca del Guadarrama. It borders the municipalities of Majadahonda, Las Rozas de Madrid, Villanueva de la Cañada, Galapagar, Colmenarejo and Valdemorillo.

Majadahonda
Majadahonda (Spanish: [maxaðaˈonda] ⓘ) is a municipality in Spain, situated 16 km (9.9 mi) northwest of Madrid, in the Community of Madrid.

It lies alongside the motorway A6 Madrid-A Coruña.

The Puerta de Hierro  university (public) hospital was relocated to Majadahonda from the western part of the city of Madrid into a newly built medical complex in 2009.
Delta pyriforme
Delta pyriforme is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily Eumeninae of the family Vespidae. They are distributed across Asia. Several populations are recognized:

D. p. circinale (Fabricius, 1804)

D. p. nigrocinctum Giordani Soika, 1993

D. p. philippinense (Bequaert, 1928)

D. p. pyriforme (Fabricius, 1775)

Delta pyriforme males have a yellow labrum and clypeus contrasting with the brown body colour. They also have a yellow pronotum and differ from Delta esuriens in lacking a yellow band on the petiole. Delta conoideum lacks yellow on the thorax.

Potter wasp
Potter wasps (or mason wasps), the Eumeninae, are a cosmopolitan wasp group currently considered a subfamily of Vespidae, but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family, Eumenidae.

Mud dauber wasps, which also build their nests with mud, are in the families Sphecidae and Crabronidae and not discussed here.
Kimberly Hill
Kimberly Hill (born November 30, 1989) is an American former professional volleyball player who played as an outside hitter for the United States women's national volleyball team. Hill won gold with the national team at the 2014 World Championship and the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, and bronze at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.

Volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's tournament in volleyball at the 2016 Summer Olympics was the 14th edition of the event at an Olympic Games, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB, in conjunction with the IOC. It was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 6 to 20 August 2016.

China won their third gold by defeating Serbia in the final. The United States won bronze by winning against the Netherlands.

The medals for the competition were presented by Yu Zaiqing, People's Republic of China; Anita DeFrantz, United States of America; and Chang Ung, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; members of the International Olympic Committee, and the gifts were presented by Ary Graça, Cristóbal Marte Hoffiz and Aleksandar Boričić, President and Executive Vice-Presidents of the FIVB.
Lepechinia hastata
Lepechinia hastata is a rare species of perennial shrub in the mint family commonly known as the Cape pitcher sage or Baja pitcher sage. Lepechinia hastata is an aromatic shrub characterized by large, arrowhead-shaped leaves and attractive purple to magenta flowers. In the wild, it is known from the forested mountains of the Sierra de la Laguna in Baja California Sur and the volcanic Socorro Island in the Pacific Ocean, both part of Mexico. The plants of Socorro Island are their own subspecies, and differ in their white flowers and wooly, grayer foliage.

It is also found on the Hawaiian island of Maui where it is known as pakaha. It is unclear if the Hawaiian plants are introduced or represent a natural disjunct population. In horticulture, this plant is a widely-cultivated ornamental. It is one of three species of Lepechinia in the Baja California area, with the other two, Lepechinia ganderi and Lepechinia cardiophylla, found far to the north in drier chaparral habitat.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Sidney Mobell
Sidney F. Mobell (April 10, 1926 – November 4, 2022) was an American artist, jeweler, and philanthropist from San Francisco. He owned Mobell Jewelry and was known for his designs of everyday objects made of gold and jewels. He lived in Hillsborough, California.

Hillsborough, California
Hillsborough is an incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is located 17 miles (27 km) south of San Francisco on the San Francisco Peninsula, bordered by Burlingame to the north, San Mateo to the east, Highlands-Baywood Park to the south, and Interstate 280 to the west. The population was 11,387 at the 2020 census.
Flathead Lake Biological Station
Flathead Lake Biological Station (FLBS) is a research station run by the University of Montana in Yellow Bay, Flathead Lake, Polson, Montana. It was first established by American ecologist and professor Morton John Elrod in 1899 on the Swan River near Bigfork. In 1909, it was moved to its current location. Year-round research began in 1967. Areas of ongoing research includes lake ecology, conservation genomics, stream, river, and floodplain ecology, microbial ecology, aquatic invasive species, and sensors and sensor networks. It is the second oldest biological field station in the United States, and the longest running freshwater field station in year-round operation in North America.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Fiji at the Olympics
Fiji made its Olympic Games debut at the 1956 Summer Games. It has competed at fourteen Summer Games and three Winter Games. Its athletes have taken part in archery, athletics, boxing, football, judo, sailing, shooting, swimming, weightlifting and rugby sevens.

Fiji has won four Olympic medals, three in men's rugby sevens, and one in women's rugby sevens. Olympics rugby was first contested in 2016 and the Fiji men's team is the most successful of any country, winning gold in 2016 and 2020, and silver in 2024. The women's team won bronze in 2020.

Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics
Rugby sevens was played at the Olympics for the first time at the 2016 Summer Olympics, with both men's and women's contests. It was added to the Olympics following the decision of the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen in October 2009. The champions for the inaugural rugby sevens tournament in 2016 were Fiji for the men and Australia for the women. Prior to 2016, 15-a-side matches were played in 1900, 1908, 1920, and 1924.
Zina R. Carter
Zina Roscoe Carter (1846–1922) was an American businessman and politician who served as the president of the Sanitary District of Chicago Board of Trustees as well as a Chicago alderman. He was the unsuccessful Republican Party nominee for mayor of Chicago in 1899. He also served as president of the Chicago Board of Trade for the year 1898.

Chicago Board of Trade
41°52′40″N 87°37′56″W﻿ / ﻿41.877821°N 87.632285°W﻿ / 41.877821; -87.632285

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) is an American futures and options exchange that was founded in 1848. It operated as an independent exchange for more than 150 years, before merging with its long-time rival the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) to form CME Group in 2007. It is now a designated contract market of the CME Group.

Since 1930 it has operated out of the Chicago Board of Trade Building, a landmark Art Deco skyscraper in the Chicago Loop.
Ali Sayad Shirazi
Ali Sayad Shirazi (Persian: علی صیاد شیرازی, 13 June 1944 – 10 April 1999) was an Iranian military officer. He was as key military commander of the Iranian Ground Forces during the Iran–Iraq War. Shirazi was assassinated by Mojahedin-e Khalq in 1999 while serving as the deputy chief of the Iranian Armed Forces General Staff.

Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces (Persian: نیروی زمینی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Niruye Zaminiye Arteše Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân) (Persian: نزاجا, NEZAJA) are the conventional ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces (Artesh). In Iran, it is also called Artesh, (ارتش) which is Persian for "army."

In 2025, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the regular Iranian Army ground forces had 350,000 personnel. Conscripts serve for 21 months as of 2015. Iran has two parallel land forces with some integration at the command level: the regular Artesh (Army), and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, also known as the Sepâh (IRGC). Thus the IRGC Ground Forces parallel the Artesh's regular ground forces.
2015 Men's EuroHockey Championship IV
The 2015 Men's EuroHockey Championship IV was the sixth edition of the EuroHockey Championship IV, the fourth tier of the European field hockey championships. It was held from 19 to 25 July 2015 in Vilnius, Lithuania.

The tournament also served as a qualifier for the 2017 EuroHockey Championship III with the winner, Slovakia and the runner-up, Denmark qualifying.

2017 Men's EuroHockey Championship III
The EuroHockey Championship III 2017 was the seventh edition of the EuroHockey Championship III, the third tier of the European field hockey championships. It was held from 30 July until 5 August 2017 in Sveti Ivan Zelina, Croatia. The tournament also allowed for promotion to the 2019 Men's EuroHockey Championship II, with the champions (Belarus) and runners-up (Italy) being promoted.
90th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
The 90th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, (90th LAA Rgt) was an air defence unit of the British Army during World War II. Initially raised as an infantry battalion of the South Wales Borderers in 1940, it transferred to the Royal Artillery in 1941. It served with 1st Infantry Division in the final stages of the Tunisian Campaign, distinguished itself in the Anzio landings and subsequent fighting, and continued serving in Italy before being disbanded at the beginning of 1945.

Tunisian campaign
The Tunisian campaign (also known as the Battle of Tunisia) was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African campaign of the Second World War, between Axis and Allied forces from 17 November 1942 to 13 May 1943. The Allies consisted of British Imperial Forces, including a Greek contingent, with American and French corps. Despite initial successes by the German and Italian forces brought from the mainland and which had withdrawn into and occupied Tunisia after their defeat in the Western Desert and the success of Operation Torch, massive supply interdiction efforts and Allied assaults from east and west led to the decisive defeat of the Axis. Over 260,000 German and Italian troops were taken as prisoners of war, including most of the Afrika Korps.
Democratic Friends of all Nations
The Democratic Friends of All Nations was a short-lived left-wing political international established by Chartists, Owenites, democrats and communists from England, France, Germany and Poland. It was intended to promote fraternity between workers of different countries. Although it maintained a broad programme, the organisation quickly fell into internal divisions and dissolved within a year.

Owenism
Owenism is the utopian socialist philosophy of 19th-century social reformer Robert Owen and his followers and successors, who are known as Owenites. Owenism aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement. The Owenite movement undertook several experiments in the establishment of utopian communities organized according to communitarian and cooperative principles. One of the best known of these efforts, which was unsuccessful, was the project at New Harmony, Indiana, which started in 1825 and was abandoned by 1827. Owenism is also closely associated with the development of the British trade union movement, and with the spread of the Mechanics' Institute movement.
Fredericton-Silverwood
Fredericton-Silverwood was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.  It was first created using the name Fredericton South in the 1973 redrawing of electoral districts by splitting the two-member district of Fredericton and was first used in the 1974 general election. Its name was changed to Fredericton-Silverwood in the 2006 redrawing of electoral districts. The riding was split in two along Smythe Street in the 2013 redistribution, with half of the riding going to Fredericton South and half to Fredericton West-Hanwell.

1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution
The 1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution was the most radical redistribution of electoral districts in the history of New Brunswick, Canada.  Under this redistribution, New Brunswick changed from a mixture of multi-member districts and single-member districts to a scheme of only single-member districts, from bloc voting electoral system to first past the post.

As the number of members per district had been re-evaluated as recently as 1967, the number of members was not changed, and multi-member districts were simply subdivided to form single-member districts.

Prior to the redistribution, New Brunswick had had the longest and deepest experience of multi-member districts of any province in Canada. The Block voting system in use though denied voters the proportional representation that they might otherwise have enjoyed.
Hemagglutinin (influenza)
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) or haemagglutinin[p] (British English) is a homotrimeric glycoprotein found on the surface of influenza viruses and is integral to its infectivity.

Hemagglutinin is a class I fusion protein, having multifunctional activity as both an attachment factor and membrane fusion protein. Therefore, HA is responsible for binding influenza viruses to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the upper respiratory tract or erythrocytes, resulting in the internalization of the virus. Additionally, HA is responsible for the fusion of the viral envelope with the late endosomal membrane once exposed to low pH (5.0–5.5).

The name "hemagglutinin" comes from the protein's ability to cause red blood cells (i.e., erythrocytes) to clump together (i.e., agglutinate) in vitro.

Endosome
Endosomes are a collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are parts of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation or can be recycled back to the cell membrane in the endocytic cycle. Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus.

Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells.
Sayed Abaza
El-Sayed Fahmi Abaza (1897 – November 1962) was an Egyptian footballer who played as a defender. He competed in the 1920 and 1928 Summer Olympics. He also played for Zamalek and won the Sultan Hussein Cup in 1921, and the first Egypt Cup in 1922.

1922 Egypt Cup final
The 1922 Egypt Cup final, was the final match of the 1921–22 Egypt Cup and the 1st Egypt cup final, was between Zamalek (El-Mokhtalat) and Al Ittihad Alexandria. Zamalek won the match 5–0, and became the 1st team to win the Egypt Cup.
First Battle of Boudouaou
The First Battle of Boudouaou in 25–26 May 1837, during the French conquest of Algeria, pitted the troupes coloniales under Colonel Maximilien Joseph Schauenburg against the troops of Kabylia of the Igawawen.

Igawawen
Igawawen or Gawawa, mostly known as Zwawa (in Kabyle: Igawawen, in Arabic: زواوة, and in Latin: Jubaleni) were a group of Kabyle tribes inhabiting the Djurdjura mountains, Greater Kabylia, in Algeria. The Zouaoua are a branch of the Kutama tribe of the Baranis Berbers.

In the most restricted sense, the Igawawen were a confederation (kabyle: taqbilt, derived from arabic "قبيلة" meaning tribe) of 8 tribes split into two groups:

Ait Betrun: Ait Yenni, At Wasif, Ait Budrar, Ait Bu Akkash.

Ait Mengellet: Ait Mengellet proper, Ait Aqbil, Ait Attaf, Ait Bu Yusef.
Slaven Zambata
Slaven Zambata (24 September 1940 – 29 October 2020) was a Croatian professional football player best known for his time at Dinamo Zagreb in the 1960s, for whom he appeared in 171 Yugoslav First League matches. He was also a Yugoslav international, scoring 21 goals in 31 matches for the national side.

Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna nogometna liga, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, romanized: Prva sojuzna fudbalska liga, Albanian: Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Hungarian: Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.
KK Studentski centar
Košarkaški klub Studentski centar (Abbr. KK Studentski centar), commonly referred to as SC Derby due to sponsorship reasons, is a men's professional basketball club based in Podgorica, Montenegro. The club currently competes in the Montenegrin Basketball League and the ABA League.

SC Derby has won one ABA League Second Division (in 2021) and one ABA League Supercup (in 2023) in its history.

Prva A Liga
The Prva A liga, for sponsorships reasons named the Erste Liga, is the top-tier professional basketball league in Montenegro. It is the highest basketball division organized by the Basketball Association of Montenegro (KSCG). It was established in 2006. shortly after Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro.

The league is sponsored by and named after Erste Bank. Currently, two clubs from the area are playing in the regional ABA League. The most successful club in the Prva A liga is Budućnost Podgorica, which has won 14 titles, after winning the 2022 championship.