hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Johnson Henderson
Robert Johnson Henderson (November 12, 1822 – February 3, 1891) was a Confederate States Army colonel during the American Civil War (Civil War). His obituary stated that he was made a brigadier general by General Joseph E. Johnston, after Johnston witnessed Henderson making a desperate charge at the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, on March 10, 1865. At the suggestion of his divisional commanders, Henderson signed his parole as a brigadier general. Later, Henderson stated in his pardon application that he had been recommended for promotion to brigadier general but had never received a commission. Henderson commanded a brigade for several weeks at the end of the war but never was officially appointed by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and confirmed by the Confederate States Senate to brigadier general rank.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Stein–Strömberg theorem
In mathematics, the Stein–Strömberg theorem or Stein–Strömberg inequality is a result in measure theory concerning the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator.  The result is foundational in the study of the problem of differentiation of integrals.  The result is named after the mathematicians Elias M. Stein and Jan-Olov Strömberg.

Elias M. Stein
Elias Menachem Stein (January 13, 1931 – December 23, 2018) was an American mathematician who was a leading figure in the field of harmonic analysis. He was the Albert Baldwin Dod Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus, at Princeton University, where he was a faculty member from 1963 until his death in 2018.
Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij
Oost-Java Stoomtram Maatschappij (OJS) (English: East Java Steam Tram Company) is the name of a private railway company which once operated in Surabaya, Dutch East Indies. The network had 46 stops with a total of near 66 miles (107 km) track; prior to its demise, it operated between the cities of Surabaya and Sidoarjo, Mojokerto Regency and Jombang Regency, on a mixture of former railway lines and urban on-street running.

Currently all OJS railway lines are assets of Kereta Api Indonesia.

Kereta Api Indonesia
PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (lit. 'Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited', KAI) is the main state-owned railway operator of Indonesia. KAI provides intercity passenger services directly, while its subsidiaries provide commuter rail services (KAI Commuter), airport link services (KAI Bandara), freight rail services (KAI Logistik), as well as infrastructure maintenance (KAI Services). KAI also operates in other sectors, such as properties management (KAI Properti) and tourism (KAI Wisata). KAI also has indirect control of Whoosh through its ownership of a majority of shares in PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia (PSBI), another state-owned enterprise of Indonesia.

KAI operates on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi, with a total of 6,945 kilometres (4,315 mi) of tracks. Also holds track-assets and planned services on Madura Island. In 2024, KAI carried 505 million passengers and 73.5 million tonnes of cargo, earning Rp 36.1 trillion in revenue.
Valerie June
Valerie June Hockett (born January 10, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, Grammy-nominated, multi-instrumentalist, and author. Her music draws influence from many genres, including psychedelic folk, indie rock, Appalachian, bluegrass, country soul, symphonic pop, and blues, as well as from her southern roots and later East coast life. She is signed to Concord Music Group worldwide.

Concord Music Group
Concord Music Group was an American independent music company based in Beverly Hills, California, with worldwide distribution (including the U.S.) through Universal Music Group. The company specialized in recordings and music publishing. On April 1, 2015, Concord Music Group merged with Bicycle Music Company to become Concord Bicycle Music.
Jeremiah's Gutter
Jeremiah's Gutter, also called Jeremy’s Dream was a canal located on the border of Orleans and Eastham, Massachusetts, the first canal to cut across the peninsula of Cape Cod. It connected Cape Cod Bay in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It was active for over 100 years, although it gradually fell out of use and was replaced by the Cape Cod Canal.

Cape Cod Bay
Cape Cod Bay is a large bay of the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Measuring 604 square miles (1,560 km2) below a line drawn from Brant Rock in Marshfield to Race Point in Provincetown, Massachusetts, it is enclosed by Cape Cod to the south and east, and Plymouth County, Massachusetts, to the west. To the north of Cape Cod Bay lie Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Cape Cod Bay is the southernmost extremity of the Gulf of Maine. Cape Cod Bay is one of the bays adjacent to Massachusetts that give it the name Bay State. The others are Narragansett Bay, Buzzards Bay, and Massachusetts Bay.
Sékou Koïta
Sékou Koïta (born 28 November 1999) is a Malian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Turkish Süper Lig club Gençlerbirliği on loan from Russian side CSKA Moscow, and the Mali national team.

Mali national football team
The Mali national football team (Bambara:  Mali jamana ntolatantɔn, French: Équipe du Mali de football) represents Mali in men's international football and is governed by the Malian Football Federation. The team's nickname is Les Aigles. They represent the country at tournaments organized by both FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

While Mali is a major youth football power in both Africa and the world, they have never qualified for any senior FIFA World Cup finals in history. They have qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations on 14 occasions.

Mali were suspended by FIFA on 17 March 2017 due to 'government interference' with the national football association, namely dissolving its executive committee. However, the side was re-instated by FIFA on 29 April after the executive committee was re-introduced by the Malian government.
Shuttle valve
A shuttle valve is a type of valve which allows fluid to flow through it from one of two sources. Generally a shuttle valve is used in pneumatic systems, although sometimes it will be found in hydraulic systems.

Pneumatics
Pneumatics (from Greek πνεῦμα pneuma 'wind, breath') is the use of gas or pressurized air to create mechanical motion in mechanical systems.

Pneumatic systems used in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases. A centrally located and electrically powered compressor powers cylinders, air motors, pneumatic actuators, and other pneumatic devices. A pneumatic system controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors, and hydraulic actuators.

Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining, and other areas.
Rhea Seehorn
Deborah Rhea Seehorn (born May 12, 1972) is an American actress and director. She is best known for playing Kim Wexler in the AMC legal crime drama series Better Call Saul (2015–2022) and Carol Sturka in the Apple TV science fiction thriller series Pluribus (2025–present).

Seehorn's performance in Better Call Saul won her a Television Critics Association Award for Individual Achievement in Drama, in addition to nominations for two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series and three Critics' Choice Television Awards. For Cooper's Bar (2022–2023), which she also co-created and directed, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series. For Pluribus, she earned a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama and a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series
This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series. These awards, like the guest acting awards, are not presented at the Primetime Emmy Awards show, but, rather, at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony.

In January 2024, the Television Academy announced several rule changes for the 76th Emmy Awards, including adjustments to the short form categories. Due to a decline in submissions over the past five years, the Academy combined the separate awards for Outstanding Actor and Outstanding Actress in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series into a single, gender-neutral category: Outstanding Performer in a Short Form Comedy or Drama Series. This consolidation aimed to streamline the awards process and better reflect the current state of short form content.
Edie Sedgwick
Edith Minturn Sedgwick Post (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American actress, model, and socialite. Best known as a Warhol superstar, she gained widespread recognition as a style icon; in 1965, Vogue magazine named her a "Youthquaker," recognizing her influence on youth culture.

Sedgwick starred in several of Andy Warhol's underground films, including Poor Little Rich Girl (1965) and Beauty No. 2 (1965). After leaving Warhol's Factory scene in 1966, she pursued acting and modeling independently but never regained the same level of prominence. Her mental health deteriorated from drug abuse, and she struggled to complete the semi-autobiographical film Ciao! Manhattan (1972). Sedgwick died of an overdose in 1971 at the age of 28.

Fashion icon
A fashion icon or fashion leader is an influential person who introduces new styles which spread throughout fashion culture and become part of fashion. They initiate a new style which others may follow. They may be famous personalities such as political leaders, celebrities, or sports personalities. For example, during the 1960s, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was a great fashion icon for American women, and her style became a sign of wealth, power, and distinction; and her famous Pink Chanel suit is one of the most referenced and revisited of all of her items of clothing. Twiggy was an It girl, she was a teenaged model and fashion icon of Swinging Sixties.
Tagir Ulanbekov
Tagir Radzhabovich Ulanbekov (Russian: Тагир Раджабович Уланбеков; born July 8, 1991) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist who competes in the Flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is also the former Fight Nights Global Flyweight Champion. Ulanbekov is a one-time world champion, one-time Eurasian champion and one-time European cup winner in combat sambo for his team, SC Bazarganova. As of November 25, 2025, he is #12 in the UFC flyweight rankings.

AMC Fight Nights
AMC Fight Nights (or Fight Nights Global before 2021) is a Russian mixed martial arts organization that previously hosted K-1 and other martial arts events. It is one of the largest promotion companies in the world and features some of the top-ranking fighters of the sport.

Fight Nights Global produces events worldwide, with the first one being held in 2010 in Moscow. As of 2018, Fight Nights Global has held over 80 events in different cities: Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov-On-Don, Perm, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Sochi, Bryansk, Kostroma, Nizhnevartovsk, Kaspiysk, Astana, Elista, Grozny, Dushanbe, Minsk and more.

In different years the company's shows featured Fedor Emelianenko, Batu Khasikov, Vitaly Minakov, Rasul Mirzaev, Ali Bagautinov, Vladimir Mineev, Andrei Arlovski, Alexander Shlemenko, Shamil Zavurov, Murad Machaev, Gasan Umalatov, Antônio Silva, Viktor Pešta, Fábio Maldonado and many other mixed martial artists.
Wentworth Miller
Wentworth Earl Miller III (born June 2, 1972) is a British-born American actor known for playing the role of Michael Scofield in Prison Break, for which he received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 2005. He made his screenwriting debut with the 2013 thriller film Stoker. In 2014, he began playing Leonard Snart / Captain Cold in a recurring role on The Flash before becoming a series main on the spin-off, Legends of Tomorrow.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama
The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama is an award presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA). This Golden Globe Award honors the best performance by an actor in a drama television series.

It was first awarded at the 19th Golden Globe Awards on March 5, 1962 to John Charles Daly and Bob Newhart under the title "Best TV Star – Male". In 1969, the award was presented under the new title "Best TV Actor – Drama"; its current title has been used since 1980. The nominees for the award have been announced annually since 1963.

Noah Wyle is the current recipient of the award for his portrayal of Michael Robinavitch in The Pitt. Ed Asner, John Forsythe, Jon Hamm, Hugh Laurie and Telly Savalas have won the most awards in this category, each winning twice. Peter Falk and Tom Selleck have both been nominated seven times each, for their respective roles on Columbo and Magnum, P.I..
Ringkøbing Håndbold
Ringkøbing Håndbold (Ringkøbing Handball) is a Danish handball club from Ringkøbing. In the season 2024/25 the club played in the Danish Women's Handball League.

When they played in the Danish 1st division, they reached the promotion play-off three times in a row in 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11, but they did not manage to be promoted. 
In 2013 a week before the beginning of the 2013/2014 season, the top flight club Aalborg DH went bankrupt and was thus administratively relegated. Ringkøbing Håndbold were offered to take their place, which they accepted.

Ringkøbing Håndbold played six seasons in the top flight before being relegated in 2018/2019 season. The next season promotion was just missed, when the club came second in the 1st division. However, in the 2020/2021 season they won the 1st Division and thus promoted once again to the top flight.

Danish 1st Division (handball)
1st Division is the name of the second highest handball league for both genders. The top-ranking teams each wins promotion to Damehåndboldligaen and Danish Handball League, while the bottom finishers get relegated to the Danish 2nd Divisions. The men's division consists of 14 teams that meet each opponent once away and once at home, while the women's division consists of 12 teams.
Wall of death
The wall of death, motordrome, velodrome or well of death is a carnival sideshow featuring a silo- or barrel-shaped wooden cylinder, typically ranging from 20 to 36 feet (6.1 to 11.0 m) in diameter and made of wooden planks, inside which motorcyclists, or the drivers of miniature automobiles and tractors travel along the vertical wall and perform stunts, held in place by friction and centrifugal force.

Traveling carnival
A traveling carnival (American English), usually simply called a carnival, travelling funfair or travelling show (British English), is an amusement show that may be made up of amusement rides, food vendors, merchandise vendors, games of chance and skill, thrill acts, and animal acts. A traveling carnival is not set up at a permanent location, like an amusement park, but is moved from place to place. Its roots are similar to the 19th century circus with both being fitted-up in open fields near or in town and moving to a new location after a period of time. In fact, many carnivals have circuses while others have a clown aesthetic in their decor. Unlike traditional Carnival celebrations, the North American traveling carnival is not tied to a religious observance.
William G. Bonelli
William George Bonelli (November 9, 1895 – November 21, 1970) was a California Republican politician and former member of the California State Board of Equalization who fled to Mexico to avoid arrest on a corruption indictment.

California State Board of Equalization
The California State Board of Equalization (BOE) is a public agency charged with tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States. The authorities of the Board attempt to ensure that counties fairly assess property taxes, collect excises taxes on alcoholic beverages, administer the insurance tax program, and other tax collection related activities.

The BOE is the only publicly elected tax commission in the United States. It is made up of four directly elected members, each representing a district for four-year terms, along with the State Controller, who is elected on a statewide basis, serving as the fifth member. Since the passage of Proposition 140 in 1990, board members are limited to two terms in office.

In June 2017, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation stripping the Board of many of its powers, returning the agency to its original core responsibilities (originating in the State Constitution in 1879).
K-SVD
In applied mathematics, k-SVD is a dictionary learning algorithm for creating a dictionary for sparse representations, via a singular value decomposition approach. k-SVD is a generalization of the k-means clustering method, and it works by iteratively alternating between sparse coding the input data based on the current dictionary, and updating the atoms in the dictionary to better fit the data. It is structurally related to the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. k-SVD can be found widely in use in applications such as image processing, audio processing, biology, and document analysis.

Matrix norm
In the field of mathematics, norms are defined for elements within a vector space. Specifically, when the vector space comprises matrices, such norms are referred to as matrix norms. Matrix norms differ from vector norms in that they must also interact with matrix multiplication.
Lavik og Brekke Municipality
Lavik og Brekke is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 425-square-kilometre (164 sq mi) municipality existed from 1861 until its dissolution in 1905. The area is now divided between Gulen Municipality and Høyanger Municipality in the traditional district of Sogn in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Lavik. Other villages in the municipality included Brekke, Oppedal, and Instefjord.

Prior to its dissolution in 1904, the 425.2-square-kilometre (164.2 sq mi) municipality had a population of about 2,164. The municipality's population density was 5.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (13/sq mi) and its population had increased by % over the previous 10-year period.

Brekke (village)
Brekke is a village in the northeastern part of Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village of Brekke has a population (2001) of 299 people. The village is located in the eastern part of the municipality on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden and the small Risnesfjorden inlet that branches off the main fjord. Brekke sits about a 35 kilometres (22 mi) drive from the village of Eivindvik, the municipal center of Gulen Municipality.

The European route E39 highway is accessible 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of the village at the village of Instefjord. There is ferry service across the Sognefjorden available 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away at the village of Oppedal.

View of Brekke

View of the local church
TOPS-20
The TOPS-20 operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) is a proprietary OS used on some of DEC's 36-bit mainframe computers. The Hardware Reference Manual was described as for "DECsystem-10/DECSYSTEM-20 Processor" (meaning the DEC PDP-10 and the DECSYSTEM-20).

TOPS-20 began in 1969 as the TENEX operating system of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) and shipped as a product by DEC starting in 1976.  TOPS-20 is almost entirely unrelated to the similarly named TOPS-10, but it was shipped with the PA1050 TOPS-10 Monitor Calls emulation facility which allowed most, but not all, TOPS-10 executables to run unchanged. As a matter of policy, DEC did not update PA1050 to support later TOPS-10 additions except where required by DEC software.

TOPS-20 competed with TOPS-10,  ITS and WAITS—all of which were notable time-sharing systems for the PDP-10 during this timeframe. TOPS-20 is informally known as TWENEX.

RTX BBN Technologies
RTX BBN Technologies  (originally Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. and formerly Raytheon BBN Technologies) is an American research and development company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

In 1966 the Franklin Institute awarded the firm the Frank P. Brown Medal, in 1999 BBN received the IEEE Corporate Innovation Recognition, and on 1 February 2013 BBN was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honors that the U.S. government bestows upon scientists, engineers and inventors, by President Barack Obama. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of Raytheon in 2009.
Bloody Mary (2006 film)
Bloody Mary is a 2006 horror thriller film written and directed by Richard Valentine and starring Jaason Simmons, Kim Tyler, Matt Borlenghi, and Cory Monteith. The film had a negative critical reception.

Matt Borlenghi
Matt Borlenghi  is an American actor, best known for his roles as Brian Bodine on All My Children from 1991 to 1993 and 1996, as Russ on The Jeff Foxworthy Show, as Rich Casey on Police Academy: The Series and as Lyle on Cobra Kai.
Education in Panama
Education in Panama is compulsory for the first six years of primary education and the first three years of secondary school. As of the 2004/2005 school year there were about 430,000 students enrolled in grades one through six (95% attendance). The total enrollment in the six secondary grades for the same period was 253,900 (60% attendance). More than 91% of Panamanians are literate.

As of 2004, more than 92,500 Panamanian students attended the University of Panama, the Technological University of Panama, West Coast University – Panama, Polytechnic University of Central America and the University of Santa Maria La Antigua, a private Catholic institution. Including smaller colleges, there are 88 institutions of higher education in Panama.

University of Panama
The University of Panama (Spanish: Universidad de Panamá) is a public university in Panama City, Panama. It was founded on October 7, 1935. Initially, it had 175 students learning education, commerce, natural sciences, pharmacy, pre-engineering or law. As of 2008, it had 74,059 students distributed in 228 buildings across the country.

The University of Panama was founded by Octavio Méndez Pereira, who also served as the university's first president.