hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oxford Illustrated Histories
The Oxford Illustrated Histories are a series of single-volume history books written by experts and published by the Oxford University Press. According to Hew Strachan, its intended readership is the 'intelligent general reader' rather than the research student.

Hew Strachan
Sir Hew Francis Anthony Strachan, CVO, DL, FRSE, FRHistS, FBA (/strɔːn/ STRAWN; born 1 September 1949) is a British military historian, well known for his leadership in scholarly studies of the British Army and the history of the First World War. He is currently professor of international relations at the University of St Andrews.  Before that Strachan was the Chichele Professor of the History of War at All Souls College, Oxford.
Suzane Pires
Suzane Pires Cardozo (born Suzane Lira Pires; 17 August 1992), simply known as Suzane, is a Brazilian-born Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Santos and the Portugal women's national team.

Portugal women's national football team
The Portugal women's national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Portuguesa de Futebol Feminino) represents Portugal in international women's football competition. The team is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) and competes as a member of UEFA in various international football tournaments such as the FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA Women's Euro, the Summer Olympics, and the Algarve Cup.
Aum Tshewang Lham
Aum Tshewang Lham was a vocalist from Tshangkha, Trongsa Bhutan. She was among the selected in a group by the Third Bhutanese King, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who is also known as the Third Druk Gyalpo, to go and record the first ever traditional music album of Bhutanese culture; in the year 1968 in Calcutta, India. Among the selected were: Bhutan's most famous female vocalist at the time, 'Aum Thinlem' and 'Aum Dawpey' a famous Bhutanese lute instrument player who was the only one to be rewarded the 'Thugesy' by the king whom Aum Tshewang Lham served for four years.

The Zhabdro Gorgom styled songs were sung and written in Dzongkha language. The group recorded several tracks in 1968, which were released in 2015. Aum Tshewang Lham was honoured with the "Druk Norbu" musical award, by Her Royal Highness Princess Ashi Deki Yangzom Wangchuck.

King of Bhutan
The King of Bhutan, officially the Druk Gyalpo (འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. 'Dragon King'), is the constitutional monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan. In the Dzongkha language, Bhutan is known as Drukyul which translates as "The Land of the Thunder Dragon". Thus, while kings of Bhutan are known as Druk Gyalpo ("Dragon King"), the Bhutanese people call themselves the Drukpa, meaning "people of Druk (Bhutan)".

The current sovereign of Bhutan is Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the fifth Druk Gyalpo. He wears the Raven Crown, which is the official crown worn by the kings of Bhutan. He is correctly styled "Mi'wang 'Ngada Rinpoche" ("His Majesty") and addressed "Ngada Rimboche" ("Your Majesty").

King Jigme Khesar was the youngest reigning monarch in the world, being 26 years old when he ascended the throne on 9 December 2006 after his father, Jigme Singye Wangchuck, abdicated the throne in his favour. He was 28 years old when he was crowned on 6 November 2008.
Paulo Fonseca
Paulo Alexandre Rodrigues Fonseca (born 5 March 1973) is a Portuguese professional football manager and former player who played as a central defender. He is currently manager of Ligue 1 club Lyon.

He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 111 matches and three goals over seven seasons, representing Leça, Belenenses, Marítimo, Vitória de Guimarães and Estrela da Amadora.

Fonseca became a manager in 2005, notably winning the 2015–16 Taça de Portugal with Braga as well as three editions of the Ukrainian Premier League with Shakhtar Donetsk. He also coached Paços de Ferreira to a best-ever third place in the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, qualifying the club for the UEFA Champions League. Following a couple of seasons in charge of Roma in Serie A, he joined Lille in June 2022, leaving two years later and returning to Italy with AC Milan, being dismissed in December 2024.

2012–13 Primeira Liga
The 2012–13 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga ZON Sagres for sponsorship reasons) was the 79th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 19 August 2012 and concluded on 19 May 2013. Sixteen teams contested the league, fourteen of which took part in the previous season and two of which were promoted from the Liga de Honra. Porto were the defending champions and secured their third consecutive and 27th overall title, after completing their second unbeaten season in three years. Porto striker Jackson Martínez was the top scorer with 26 goals.
Khye Bumsa
Khye Bumsa (Wylie: Gyad 'bum bsags) is named in the Sikkimese migration narratives as a 13th-century prince from the Minyak House in Kham in Eastern Tibet.
His father migrated to the Chumbi Valley along with his family and established a kingdom. Khye Bumsa expanded it further by establishing an alliance with the Lepchas in present-day Sikkim. The Chogyal rulers of Sikkim are said to be the descendants of Khye Bumsa.

Lepcha people
The Lepcha (/ˈlɛptʃə/; also called Rongkup (Lepcha: ᰕᰫ་ᰊᰪᰰ་ᰆᰧᰶ ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰀᰪᰱ ᰛᰪᰮ་ᰀᰪᰱ, Mútuncí Róngkup Rumkup, "beloved children of the Róng and of God") and Rongpa (Sikkimese: རོང་པ)) are among the indigenous people of the Indian state of Sikkim as well as the bordering Darjeeling and Kalimpong in the state of West Bengal, and in the neighbouring country of Nepal. They number around 80,000. Many Lepcha are also found in western and southwestern Bhutan, Darjeeling, the Koshi Province of eastern Nepal, and in the hills of West Bengal. The Lepcha people are composed of four main distinct communities: the Renjóngmú of Sikkim; the Dámsángmú of Kalimpong, Kurseong, and Mirik; the ʔilámmú of Ilam District, Nepal; and the Promú of Samtse and Chukha in southwestern Bhutan.
Trapezohedron
In geometry, an n-gonal trapezohedron, n-trapezohedron, n-antidipyramid, n-antibipyramid, n-deltohedron, or n-antitegum, is the dual polyhedron of an n-gonal antiprism. The 2n faces of an n-trapezohedron are congruent and symmetrically staggered; they are called twisted kites. With a higher symmetry, its 2n faces are kites (sometimes also called trapezoids, or deltoids). They are topologically related to the scalenohedra, which are half-symmetry variants with irregular trigons.

As there is no consistent analog in higher dimensions to the 3D antiprisms, there is similarly no general generalization of 3D trapezohedra either. The "n-gonal" part of the name does not refer to faces here, but to two arrangements of each n vertices around an axis of n-fold symmetry. The dual n-gonal antiprism has two actual n-gon faces. An n-gonal trapezohedron can be dissected into two equal n-gonal pyramids and an n-gonal antiprism.

Dissection problem
In geometry, a dissection problem  is the problem of partitioning a geometric figure (such as a polytope or ball) into smaller pieces that may be rearranged into a new figure of equal content. In this context, the partitioning is called simply a dissection (of one polytope into another). It is usually required that the dissection use only a finite number of pieces. Additionally, to avoid set-theoretic issues related to the Banach–Tarski paradox and Tarski's circle-squaring problem, the pieces are typically required to be well-behaved. For instance, they may be restricted to being the closures of disjoint open sets.
Newlands Cricket Ground
Newlands Cricket Ground is a cricket venue in Newlands, Cape Town. One of the oldest sporting stadiums in South Africa, the ground is owned by the Western Province Cricket Association (WPCA) and is the home of Western Province and MI Cape Town.

Regarded as one of the most iconic and beautiful international cricket grounds in the world, Newlands is overlooked by both Table Mountain and Devil’s Peak, a view which has become celebrated for a visually stunning backdrop during play.

Established in 1888, Newlands has undergone significant redevelopment in recent years with capacity having been increased to 25,000, largely due to portions of the grass embankments being replaced by modern pavilions. In 2019 WPCA announced a joint venture with Sanlam Properties to further upgrade and redevelop the ground, transforming it into a sustainable mixed-use sport, commercial, education and leisure-orientated area, but where cricket continues to enjoy preference.

Western Province Cricket Association
The Western Province Cricket Association is the governing body for cricket in the Cape Town region. Its representative team, Western Province, competes in South Africa's domestic competition the Supersport Series, formerly known as the Castle Cup or the Currie Cup.
John M. Butler (scientist)
John M. Butler (born April 1, 1969) is a scientist and expert on forensic DNA profiling.  He is a fellow at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.  Since 2020, he serves as president of the International Society for Forensic Genetics.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
BOH-2C-B
BOH-2C-B, or BOHB, also known as 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-β-hydroxyphenethylamine or as β-hydroxy-2C-B, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, 2C, and BOx families. It is the β-hydroxy derivative of 2C-B. The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Belle's Tales of Friendship
Belle's Tales of Friendship is a 1999 American direct-to-video live action animated fantasy film. It is based on the syndicated television series Sing Me a Story with Belle, for which a live-action Belle tells stories from Disney cartoons such as The Wise Little Hen, The Three Little Pigs, Morris the Midget Moose and Babes in the Woods. The film stars Lynsey McLeod, who continues portraying Belle in live-action form.

It also stars Paige O'Hara, Robby Benson, David Ogden Stiers, and Jerry Orbach, who reprise their roles as Belle, Beast, Cogsworth, and Lumiere, respectively, in the animated form, in the short film Mrs. Potts' Party, which later was also used for the special edition released in 2003 of Belle's Magical World. The film was released on VHS on August 17, 1999.

Babes in the Woods
Babes in the Woods is a 1932 Silly Symphonies animated short film produced by Walt Disney.

It is a re-working of the British folk tale Babes in the Wood, with some material incorporated from Brothers Grimm's Hansel and Gretel, the Russian folk tale The Boy and the Witch, and the addition of a village of friendly elves (a feature not traditionally present in either tale) and a happier ending.

It is the last Disney short to produce with Cinephone synchronized sound system.
California State Route 209
State Route 209 (SR 209) was a state highway in the U.S. state of California, connecting Cabrillo National Monument with the interchange of Interstate 5 (I-5) and I-8 in San Diego, passing through the neighborhoods of Point Loma. The majority of the route was along Rosecrans Street; it also included Cañon Street and Catalina Boulevard leading to the tip of Point Loma.

The Rosecrans Street portion of SR 209 corresponded to the original routing of the historic La Playa Trail. Rosecrans Street was paved in the late 19th century through the community of Roseville, and was added to the state highway system in 1933 as Route 12. SR 209 was designated in the 1964 state highway renumbering, and a full interchange with I-5 and I-8 was completed in 1969. The designation was removed from the state highway system in 2003 and responsibility for the road was transferred to the city of San Diego.

1964 state highway renumbering (California)
In 1963 and 1964, the California Division of Highways, at the behest of the California State Legislature, implemented a major renumbering of its state highways.

The majority of sign routes—those marked for the public—kept their numbers. The main changes were to the legislative routes— those same routes which were defined in state law typically with different numbers,— which had their numbers changed to match the sign routes.

Many formerly unsigned routes received sign numbers corresponding to their new legislative numbers. A smaller change was the removal and truncating of many U.S. Routes in favor of the Interstate Highways (designated in 1959), and the renumbering of State Routes that conflicted with Interstate numbers. Some U.S. Routes that were officially removed continued to be signed until the replacement Interstates were completed.

The state law authorizing the renumbering was passed by the Legislature on September 20, 1963. Signage changes took place by July 1, 1964.
Keratinophyton durum
Keratinophyton durum is a keratinophilic fungus, that grows on keratin found in decomposing or shed animal hair and bird feathers. Various studies conducted in Canada, Japan, India, Spain, Poland, Ivory Coast and Iraq have isolated this fungus from decomposing animal hair and bird feathers using SDA and hair-bait technique. Presence of fungus in soil sediments and their ability to decompose hairs make them a potential human pathogen.

Sabouraud agar
Sabouraud agar or Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) is a type of agar growth medium containing peptones. It is used to cultivate dermatophytes and other types of fungi, and can also grow filamentous bacteria such as Nocardia. It has utility for research and clinical care.

It was created by, and is named after, Raymond Sabouraud in 1892. In 1977 the formulation was adjusted by Chester W. Emmons when the pH level was brought closer to the neutral range and the dextrose concentration lowered to support the growth of other microorganisms. The acidic pH (5.6) of traditional Sabouraud agar inhibits bacterial growth. Peptones are complex digests and can be a source of variability in Sabouraud agar.
Portuguese Sheepdog
The Portuguese Sheepdog (Portuguese: cão da Serra de Aires, literally 'dog of Serra de Aires') is a medium-sized breed of dog of the herding dog type, and is one of the indigenous regional dogs of Portugal. The Portuguese name refers to Serra de Aires, a mountain near Montforte in the Alentejo region (sometimes mistaken for the Serra d'Aire, a range of hills or mountains marking the boundary between Ribatejo and Oeste, north of the Tagus river). The breed is nicknamed cão macaco ('macaque dog', 'monkey dog') for its furry face and lively attitude.

Dog type
Dog types are broad categories of domestic dogs based on form, function, style of work, lineage, or appearance. Some may be locally adapted dog types (or landraces) that may have the visual characteristics of a modern purebred dog. In contrast, modern dog breeds strictly adhere to long-established breed standards,[note 1] that began with documented foundation breeding stock sharing a common set of inheritable characteristics, developed by long-established, reputable kennel clubs that recognize the dog as a purebred.

A "dog type" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel. Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.
Spring Bayou Wildlife Management Area
Spring Bayou Wildlife Management Area, also referred to as Spring Bayou WMA or Spring Bayou State Wildlife Management Area, is a 12,506 acres (5,061 ha) protected area in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana.

The WMA is part of the more than 13,000 acres (5,300 ha) Spring Bayou Complex. Over the years the waterways have become silted in and overrun with invasive water plants. Ultimately a restoration project was implemented that involved the city of Marksville, concerned citizens, the Louisiana Legislature, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Spring Bayou, as part of the Atchafalaya National Heritage Area runs through the WMA.

Marksville, Louisiana
Marksville is a small city in and the parish seat of Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Marksville had a population of 5,065.

Louisiana's first land-based casino, Paragon Casino Resort, opened in Marksville in June 1994. It is operated by the federally recognized Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe, which has a reservation in the parish.
Oussama Housne
Oussama Housne (Arabic: اسامة حسني; – born 1993) is a Moroccan human rights activist associated with the Moroccan Association of Human Rights; he rose to prominence when he was imprisoned for two crimes: false reporting to the police, and insulting the integrity of state police.

On June 1, 2014, Moroccan police arrested Oussama, stating that he "invented everything and had nothing of substance." The Moroccan Association of Human Rights contested this formally and claimed "At his trial, the defense clearly noted that the prosecutor's version was ambiguous." However Amnesty International expressed concern that an  arrest was made under laws that suppress freedom of dissent.

There is an ongoing Amnesty International campaign calling for Housne's release along with the release of Wafae Charaf, another young Moroccan human rights activist who was convicted for "falsely reporting" torture and for slandering Morocco's police force.

Sûreté Nationale (Morocco)
The General Directorate for National Security (Arabic: االمديرية العامة للأمن الوطني, romanized: Aālmdyryh al-ʻĀmmah lil-amn al-Waṭanī; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵎⵀⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ, romanized: tamhla tamatayt n tnfrut tanamurt; French: Direction Générale de la Sûreté Nationale, DGSN) is the national police force of the Kingdom of Morocco. The DGSN is tasked with upholding the law and public order. It was founded on 16 May 1956 by King Mohammed V. It works alongside the Gendarmerie Royale and the Forces Auxiliaires.
2024 Chikangawa Dornier 228 crash
On 10 June 2024, a Malawian Defence Force Dornier 228 carrying Vice-President of Malawi Saulos Chilima, former First Lady Patricia Shanil Muluzi, and seven other occupants, crashed in Chikangawa Forest Reserve in Nkhata Bay District; all on board died in Malawi's deadliest aviation accident.

At the time of the crash, the aircraft and its passengers were en route from Lilongwe to Mzuzu Airport in the Northern Region to attend a funeral.

Northern Region, Malawi
The Northern Region is one of the three administrative regions of Malawi, located in the north of the country. It covers an area of approximately 26,200 square kilometres and had a population of 2,420,440 as per the 2018 census. Its regional capital is the city of Mzuzu, which is also the third largest city in Malawi. The common language (lingua franca) of the region is Chitumbuka language which is understood by everyone and every ethnic group in the region.

Historically, the first major ethnic group to strengthen its cultural and political presence in the Northern Region were the Tumbuka people, who established themselves primarily in present-day districts of Mzimba, Rumphi, Karonga, Chitipa and parts of Nkhata Bay.
Paul Magnette
Paul Magnette (French pronunciation: [pɔl maɲɛt]; born 28 June 1971) is a Belgian politician. Since 2019, he is the leader of the Socialist Party, a social democratic French-speaking party in Belgium. He was mayor of Charleroi from December 2012 to December 2024. Magnette is a former political science professor at the Free University of Brussels (ULB) and Director of the Institute of European Studies of the ULB. He was appointed minister in the Belgian federal government from 2007 to 2013 and was Minister-President of Wallonia from 2014 to 2017. He also was a member of the Senate of Belgium, of the Parliament of Wallonia and of the Parliament of the French Community.

Université libre de Bruxelles
The Université libre de Bruxelles (French, pronounced [ynivɛʁsite libʁ də bʁysɛl]; lit. Free University of Brussels; abbreviated ULB) is a French- and English-speaking research university in Brussels, Belgium. It has three campuses: the Solbosch/Solbos campus (in the City of Brussels and Ixelles), the La Plaine/Het Plein campus (in Ixelles) and the Erasme/Erasmus campus (in Anderlecht).

The Université libre de Bruxelles was formed in 1969 by the splitting of the Free University of Brussels, which was founded in 1834 by the lawyer and liberal politician Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. The founder aimed to establish a university independent from state and church, where academic freedom would prevail. This is still reflected in the university's motto Scientia vincere tenebras, or "Conquering darkness through science".

In 2012, the ULB had about 24,200 students, a diverse student population as well as a diverse staff.
Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass
Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass was an American country music band. They were founded by bandleader Danny Davis (May 29, 1925 – June 12, 2008) a trumpeter, vocalist, and producer. The Nashville Brass were founded in 1968 and recorded a variety of projects between then and the 1980s, including collaborations with Willie Nelson and Hank Locklin. Other members of the band included Floyd Cramer, Buddy Harmon, John Hartford, Grady Martin, Bob Moore, and Bobby Thompson.

Grady Martin
Thomas Grady Martin (January 17, 1929 – December 3, 2001) was an American session guitarist in country music and rockabilly.

A member of The Nashville A-Team, he played guitar on hits such as Marty Robbins' "El Paso", Loretta Lynn's "Coal Miner's Daughter" and Sammi Smith's "Help Me Make It Through the Night". During a nearly 50-year career, Martin backed many performers, among them, Hank Williams, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Johnny Burnette, Don Woody and Arlo Guthrie, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline and Bing Crosby. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in March 2015.
FASB 133
Launched prior to the millennium, (and subsequently amended) FAS 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provided an "integrated accounting framework for derivative instruments and hedging activities."

Hedge (finance)
A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.

Public futures markets were established in the 19th century to allow transparent, standardized, and efficient hedging of agricultural commodity prices; they have since expanded to include futures contracts for hedging the values of energy, precious metals, foreign currency, and interest rate fluctuations.