hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DIN 31635
DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for /dʒ/ in the English-speaking world and for /j/ in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.

Along with rules for the Arabic language, it also includes transliteration standards for Ottoman Turkish, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu, and Pashto.

Carl Brockelmann
Carl Brockelmann (17 September 1868 – 6 May 1956) German Semiticist, was the foremost orientalist of his generation. He was a professor at the universities in Breslau, Berlin and, from 1903, Königsberg. He is best known for his multi-volume Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (first published 1898–1902) ('History of Arabic literature') which included all writers in Arabic to 1937, and remains the fundamental reference volume for all Arabic literature, apart from the Christian Arabic texts (covered by Georg Graf).

He also published Syrische Grammatik mit Litteratur, Chrestomathie und Glossar (1899), Semitische Sprachwissenschaft (1906), Lexicon syriacum (1928), and Arabische Grammatik (under his own name 1941, but this was the eleventh edition of the grammar of Albert Socin, previously revised by Brockelmann several times).
Yashomati Maiyaa Ke Nandlala
Yashomati Maiyaa Ke Nandlala is an Indian Hindi-language drama series produced by Contiloe Entertainment. It stars Neha Sargam, Rahul Sharma and Hitanshu Jinsi in lead roles and premiered on 13 June 2022 and ended its run on 2 December 2022 on Sony TV. It digitally streams on SonyLIV. The show suffered a time slot change from 9 PM to 8:30 PM in August 2022.

Neha Sargam
Neha Dubey, also known by her stage name Neha Sargam, is an Indian actress and singer. Known for her participation on Indian Idol 4 and her shows like Chand Chupa Badal Mein on Star Plus, Ramayan on Zee TV, Doli Armano Ki on Zee TV, Mirzapur and theatre musical Mughal-E-Azam
1995 Ceuta Assembly election
The 1995 Ceuta Assembly election was held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, to elect the 1st Assembly of the Autonomous City of Ceuta. All 25 seats in the assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Assembly of Ceuta
The Assembly of Ceuta (Spanish: Asamblea de Ceuta) is the regional legislature of the autonomous city of Ceuta, an exclave of Spain located on the north coast of Africa.

The Assembly has 25 members, elected by universal suffrage. Following an election, the members of the Assembly select a Mayor-President to serve as the head of government for the city.
Colponemid
Colponemids are free-living alveolates, unicellular flagellates related to dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates. They are predators of other small eukaryotes, found in freshwater, marine and soil environments. They do not form a solid clade, but a sparse group of deep-branching alveolate lineages.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Dumas Public Schools
Dumas Public Schools is a school district headquartered in Dumas, Arkansas. It serves territory in Desha and Lincoln counties, including Dumas, Gould, Mitchellville, and Winchester. It also serves Arkansas Department of Corrections prison property (Cummins Unit).

Desha County, Arkansas
Desha County (/dəˈʃeɪ/ də-SHAY) is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,395. The county is plurality-African American. The county seat is Arkansas City.
Guelowar
Guelowar (or Gelwaar in Serer), also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer and Wolof kingdoms of Sine, Wolof Kingdoms of Cayor, Baol, Joloff and  Saloum (in the Senegambia, but mainly in the western area of present-day Senegal). They were matrilineally from the Mandinka ethnic gr Gidan Wayaoup, and patrilineally of Serer origin. The offspring of Mandinka women and Serer men became the kings of Sine and Saloum. The same also for the kings in Joloff kingdoms in modern-day Senegal. The dynasty lasted from the mid-14th century to 1969, the year both kings died.

The terme "Guelwar", Anglicised or Franconised to "Guelwars", is the plural form. The singular is "Kelwar" (in Serer).

Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer-Saloum, is a language of the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo family spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It is the principal language of the Serer people, and was the language of the early modern kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and Baol. Serer is primarily written in the Latin alphabet.
John Sherwood Cheney
John Sherwood Cheney (April 14, 1827 – March 12, 1910) was an American businessman, state legislator, California Gold Rush prospector, and member of the Cheney silk manufacturing dynasty of Manchester, Connecticut.

Cheney Brothers Historic District
The Cheney Brothers Historic District was a center of the silk industry in Manchester, Connecticut, in the late 19th and early 20th century. The 175-acre (71 ha) district includes over 275 mill buildings, workers houses, churches, schools and Cheney family mansions. These structures represent the well-preserved company town of the Cheney Brothers silk manufacturing company, the first America-based silk company to properly raise and process silkworms, and to develop the difficult techniques of spinning and weaving silk. The area was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978.
Mr. Baby
Mr. Baby (also known as A Week with Mr. Baby) (French: Monsieur Bébé) is a French adult animated 4-minute television series, that lasted 48 episodes, created by Marc du Pontavice and Carol-Ann Willering, produced at Xilam, directed by Hugo Gittard and broadcast from 3 May 2009 to 10 August 2010 on France 3 on the Toowam programming block, and France 4 on the Ludo programming block. The show is animated by utilizing Toon Boom animation. In the United Kingdom, the series originally aired on BBC One from 2009 to 2012, and later aired on Comedy Central from 2012 to 2014. The series has yet to air on television in Canada and the United States.

The show is known for its art style reminiscent of UPA cartoons, as well as Cartoon Network's Samurai Jack.

Xilam
Xilam Animation SAS  is a French animation studio which specializes in making animated television series and feature films. Marc du Pontavice and his wife Alix de Maistre founded it in 1999 as a replacement for the animation division of Gaumont Multimédia, which was itself an offshoot of the company's television division Gaumont Télévision, a company he co-founded in 1990.
Southwestern Moundbuilders
The Southwestern Moundbuilders are the athletic teams that represent Southwestern College, located in Winfield, Kansas, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) since the 1958–59 academic year; which they were a member on a previous stint from 1902–03 to 1922–23. The Moundbinders previously competed in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (CIC) from 1923–24 to 1957–58.

Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference
The Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (KCAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The KCAC is the oldest conference in the NAIA and the second-oldest in the United States, tracing its history to 1890.
Z-drive
A Z-drive is a type of marine propulsion unit. Specifically, it is an azimuth thruster. The pod can rotate 360 degrees allowing for rapid changes in thrust direction and thus vessel direction. This eliminates the need for a conventional rudder.

The Z-drive is so named because of the appearance (in cross section) of the mechanical driveshaft or transmission configuration used to connect the mechanically supplied driving energy to the Z-drive azimuth thruster device. This form of power transmission is called a Z-drive because the rotary motion has to make two right angle turns, thus resembling the letter "Z". This name is used to differentiate the arrangement of drive to that of the L-drive. It does not refer to an electric motor in a rotating pod.

The device differs from a cyclorotor, which can also quickly change the direction of thrust, as the Z-drive uses a shrouded conventional screw that pivots or rotates the propeller, unlike the variable-geometry blades of a cyclorotor.

Cyclorotor
A cyclorotor, cycloidal rotor, cycloidal propeller or cyclogiro, is a fluid propulsion device that converts shaft power into the acceleration of a fluid using a rotating axis perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion. It uses several blades with a spanwise axis parallel to the axis of rotation and perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion. These blades are cyclically pitched twice per revolution to produce force (thrust or lift) in any direction normal to the axis of rotation. Cyclorotors are used for propulsion, lift, and control on air and water vehicles. An aircraft using cyclorotors as the primary source of lift, propulsion, and control is known as a cyclogyro or cyclocopter. A unique aspect is that it can change the magnitude and direction of thrust without the need of tilting any aircraft structures. The patented application, used on ships with particular actuation mechanisms both mechanical or hydraulic, is a Voith Schneider Propeller.
Vietnamese architecture
Vietnamese architecture (Vietnamese: Kiến trúc Việt Nam) is the architectural style used by the Vietnamese through the process of historical development and the absorption and integration of regional and international architectures. Vietnamese architecture is reflected in the works from đình, shrines, temples, nhà thờ họ, citadels, palaces and housing architecture.

Vietnamese communal house
Đình (Chữ Hán: 亭 or 庭) or Vietnamese communal houses are typical of buildings found in Vietnam villages, dedicated to worship the village god, Thành hoàng, the village founder or a local hero. They also play the role as a meeting place of the people in the community, akin to modern civic centers.
Brigitta Gődér
Brigitta Gődér, sometimes written as Brigita Goder (born 6 May 1992 in Marghita) is a Romanian footballer of Hungarian ethnicity who plays as a midfielder for Haladás-Viktória and has appeared for the Romania women's national team.

Romania women's national football team
The Romania women's national football team represents Romania in international women's football. Their most recent competition is qualification for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025. Despite not gaining as much success as the men's, the women's team has been improving greatly, and almost qualified for UEFA Women's Euro and FIFA Women's World Cup. The rise of women's team is the chance for Romania to become the first Balkan nation to play on an international competitions, and become the first nation to have both men and women's teams participating in both tournaments. The only rival for them in the Balkans, is Serbia, as Serbian women's team had almost qualified for a major tournament recently.
Natural Monuments (South Korea)
Natural Monuments (Korean: 천연기념물) is a national-level designation within the heritage preservation system of South Korea for animals, plants, landforms, geological formations, and nature reserves. It is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration according to the Natural Heritage Protection Law (문화재보호법).

As of August 2022, a total of 702 items have received this designation. Of them, 132 are scenic sites and 570 are natural monuments. Only 472 of these continue to maintain their natural monument designation, and only 129 maintained their scenic site designation.

Korea Heritage Service
The Korea Heritage Service (Korean: 국가유산청), formerly the Cultural Heritage Administration and Cultural Properties Administration, is the agency of the South Korean government charged with preserving and promoting Korean cultural heritage. It is headquartered in the city of Daejeon at the Daejeon Government Complex. Previously part of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, it was elevated to a sub-ministerial agency in 1999.
WMIM
WMIM (98.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Luna Pier, Michigan, and serving the Toledo metropolitan area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and it airs a country music radio format, concentrating on the hits from the 1980s, 90s and early 2000s. It uses the moniker Nash Icon, a format programmed on several other Cumulus-owned stations around the country, including WSM-FM Nashville. On weekends, a syndicated country oldies show with Terri Clark is heard, along with specialty shows playing Bluegrass music and Southern Gospel.

WMIM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 3,400 watts. The transmitter is located in Oregon, Ohio, off Cedar Point Road. WMIM's studios are on Monroe Street in Monroe, Michigan.

Luna Pier, Michigan
Luna Pier is a city in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,382 at the 2020 census. Previously known as Lakewood, it was established in the early 1900s and incorporated as a city in 1963.

Its most prominent feature is a large crescent-shaped pier made of concrete, approximately 800 ft (240 m) long and reaching around 200 feet (61 m) out into Lake Erie. The pier is flanked by sandy beaches and man-made rock and concrete embankments. On most days, the Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station in Oak Harbor, Ohio, and the Toledo Harbor Light can be seen from the pier. The city is served by Mason Consolidated Schools.
Mustafa Şentop
Mustafa Şentop (born 6 August 1968) is a Turkish politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) who is currently a Member of Parliament and has been in the 24th, 25th, 26th, and 27th legislative terms.

On 24 February 2019, he was elected as the 29th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly.

Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
This article lists the speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The name of the parliament of Turkey, originally and currently the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) since its establishment on 23 April 1920, has for short periods been changed.

A Senate also existed besides the National Assembly between 1960 and 1980.
Education in Thrissur District
Thrissur is a district situated in the central part of Kerala state, India.  Thrissur District was formed on 1 July 1949.  The headquarters of the district has the same name, Thrissur city.  It is an important cultural centre, and is known as the "cultural capital" of Kerala.  The number of schools in Thrissur District is numerous. Church Mission Society School started in 1845 is the oldest school and St. Thomas College is the first college in Thrissur. On 2 September 2022, Thrissur joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities (GNLC).

St. Thomas College, Thrissur
St. Thomas College (Autonomous), Thrissur, is a government-aided Catholic college located in Thrissur, Kerala, India. Established as a college in 1918, the college is considered to be one of the oldest and premier instituitions of higher education in Princely State of Cochin. It is the first Catholic college in Kerala and is conducted by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur. The college is affiliated with the University of Calicut.

The college attained Autonomous status in 2014 and was recognised as College with Potential for Excellence by University Grants Commission in 2016. The college was accredited with A++ grade in its fourth cycle of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) accreditation, scoring CGPA of 3.70 on a four-point scale in October 2022. It is ranked 57th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.
Ghulam Ahmad Mir
Ghulam Ahmad Mir is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress, who represents Dooru constituency in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. He was the last President of Jammu & Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee state & 1st president of Union Territory.

Mir is currently a CWC member and General Secretary All India Congress Committee, Incharge of West Bengal. {7}

In the 2019 Lok Sabha Elections, Mir lost to Hasnain Masoodi of National Conference in Anantnag Lok Sabha constituency.

In July 2022, he resigned from his position at the J&K Congress so that the party could reorganize ahead of the next elections.

Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee
The Jammu and Kashmir Pradesh Congress Committee (JKPCC) is a state unit of the Indian National Congress (INC) in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is responsible for organizing and coordinating the party's activities and campaigns within the region, as well as selecting candidates for local, state, and national elections in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The JKPCC is currently headed by Tariq Hameed Karra.
Deviance (statistics)
In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood. It plays an important role in exponential dispersion models and generalized linear models.

Deviance can be related to Kullback–Leibler divergence.

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).
2023 SA20 final
The 2023 SA20 final was played on 12 February 2023 at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. It was a Day/Night Twenty20 match that would decide the winner of the 2023 season of the SA20, an annual Twenty20 tournament in South Africa.

The match was originally scheduled to be played on 11 February, but was postponed to 12 February due to rain—marking the first time the SA20 final had been postponed due to weather conditions. After winning the toss, Sunrisers Eastern Cape elected to field, with Pretoria Capitals scoring 135 runs for 10 wickets. The Eastern Cape' ultimately win by four wickets, securing their first SA20 title. SEC player Roelof van der Merwe was named player of the match.

SA20
The SA20, also known as the Betway SA20 for sponsorship reasons, is a Twenty20 franchise cricket tournament in South Africa, organised by Cricket South Africa (CSA) and first contested during the 2023 season. It is contested by six teams based in cities around the country. Sunrisers Eastern Cape have won three of the first four editions of the tournament, with MI Cape Town winning the third season. The primary sponsor is Betway, sponsoring the league since it launched.
Brunn–Minkowski theorem
In mathematics, the Brunn–Minkowski theorem (or Brunn–Minkowski inequality) is an inequality relating the volumes (or more generally Lebesgue measures) of compact subsets of Euclidean space. The original version of the Brunn–Minkowski theorem (Hermann Brunn 1887; Hermann Minkowski 1896) applied to convex sets; the generalization to compact nonconvex sets stated here is due to Lazar Lyusternik (1935).

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Artemia salina
Artemia salina is a species of brine shrimp – aquatic crustaceans that are more closely related to Triops and cladocerans than to true shrimp. It belongs to a lineage that does not appear to have changed much in 100 million years.

Artemia salina is native to saline lakes, ponds, and temporary waters (not seas) in the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe, Anatolia, and Northern Africa. Considerable taxonomic confusion exists, and some populations elsewhere have formerly been referred to as this species, but are now recognized as separate species.

Salt lake
A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per liter). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed hypersaline lake, and may also be pink lakes on account of their color. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a soda lake.

Salt lakes are classified according to salinity levels. The formation of these lakes is influenced by processes such as evaporation and deposition. Salt lakes face serious conservation challenges due to climate change, pollution and water diversion.
Adolf Schärf
Adolf Schärf (German: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈʃɛʁf] ⓘ; 20 April 1890 – 28 February 1965) was an Austrian politician of the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ). He served as the vice-chancellor from 1945 to 1957 and as the president of Austria from 1957 until his death.

Vice-Chancellor of Austria
The vice-chancellor of Austria is a member of the Government of Austria and is the deputy to the Chancellor. It is functionally equivalent to a deputy prime minister in other countries with parliamentary systems.

The current vice-chancellor is Andreas Babler of the Social Democratic Party, since 3 March 2025.