hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hilbert spectral analysis
Hilbert spectral analysis is a signal analysis method applying the Hilbert transform to compute the instantaneous frequency of signals according to

After performing the Hilbert transform on each signal, we can express the data in the following form:

This equation gives both the amplitude and the frequency of each component as functions of time. It also enables us to represent the amplitude and the instantaneous frequency as functions of time in a three-dimensional plot, in which the amplitude can be contoured on the frequency-time plane. This frequency-time distribution of the amplitude is designated as the Hilbert amplitude spectrum, or simply Hilbert spectrum.

Hilbert spectral analysis method is an important part of the Hilbert–Huang transform.

Hilbert transform
In mathematics and signal processing, the Hilbert transform  is a specific singular integral that takes a function, u(t) of a real variable and produces another function of a real variable H(u)(t). The Hilbert transform is given by the Cauchy principal value of the convolution with the function   (see § Definition).  The Hilbert transform has a particularly simple representation in the frequency domain: It imparts a phase shift of ±90° (π/2 radians) to every frequency component of a function, the sign of the shift depending on the sign of the frequency (see § Relationship with the Fourier transform).  The Hilbert transform is important in signal processing, where it is a component of the analytic representation of a real-valued signal u(t).  The Hilbert transform was first introduced by David Hilbert in this setting, to solve a special case of the Riemann–Hilbert problem for analytic functions.
No. 249 Squadron RAF
No. 249 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF was a Royal Air Force squadron, active in the sea-patrol, fighter and bomber roles during its existence. It was one of the top scoring fighter squadrons of the RAF in World War II.

RAF Fighter Command
RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft. It operated throughout the Second World War, winning fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940. The command continued until November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories, defence and attack. The defensive force became Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) and the offensive force became the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. ADGB was renamed Fighter Command in October 1944 and continued to provide defensive patrols around Britain. It was disbanded for the second time in 1968, when it was subsumed by the new Strike Command.
Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the U.S. Helsinki Commission, is an independent U.S. government agency created by Congress in 1975 to monitor and encourage compliance with the Helsinki Final Act and other Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) commitments.  It was initiated by House representative Millicent Fenwick and established in 1975 pursuant to Public Law No. 94-304 and is based at the Ford House Office Building.

Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration, was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process. All then-existing European countries except  Andorra and Hoxhaist Albania, as well as the United States and Canada (altogether 35 participating states), signed the Final Act in an attempt to improve the détente between the East and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status that would have to be ratified by parliaments. Sometimes the term "Helsinki pact(s)" was also used unofficially.
Jacob Bickler
Jacob Bickler (November 29, 1849 – April 30, 1902) was a German-born American scholar and educator, who was president of the Texas State Teacher's Association. He was founder of the boys' Texas German and English Academy and the co-educational Bickler Academy, both located in Austin, Texas. In 1969, Recorded Historic Texas Landmark 6438 was placed at the site of the Goodman Building, noting the location on the second floor of Jacob Bickler's German and English academy.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) is a designation awarded by the Texas Historical Commission for historically and architecturally significant properties in the U.S. state of Texas. RTHL is a legal designation and the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic structure. Purchase and display of a historical marker is a required component of the RTHL designation process. Because it is a legal designation, owners of RTHL-designated structures must give 60 days' notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. Changes that are unsympathetic may result in removal of the designation and historical marker. More than 3,600 RTHL structures are spread throughout the state.
Maria Makowska
Maria Makowska (born 25 January 1969) is a Polish former footballer who played as a midfielder. With 111 caps, she is the Poland women's national team most-capped player.

Makowska began her career playing club football for Pafawag Wrocław and Stilon Gorzów in the Polish Ekstraliga. She moved to Germany where she enjoyed success with 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam, winning the 2003–04 Frauen-Bundesliga, 2003–04 DFB-Pokal Frauen and the 2004 DFB-Hallenpokal.

Having made her debut for the Poland national team in 1988, she went on to make 111 international appearances, including 16 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying matches, and score five goals.

2003–04 Frauen-Bundesliga
The 2003–04 Frauen-Bundesliga was the 14th season of the Frauen-Bundesliga, Germany's premier football league. It began on 17 August 2003 and ended on 13 June 2004.

1. FFC Turbine Potsdam won its first national championship. The deciding match for the season's title happened on the last match day, when leading Potsdam met Frankfurt, who stood unbeaten in place 2. Frankfurt needed a win to surpass Potsdam, but failed to do so, receiving their only defeat that season with a 2–7.
Sean Ross Abbey
Sean Ross Abbey south of Roscrea in County Tipperary, Ireland, is a convent and the location of St Anne's Special School run by the Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. St Crónán is believed to have founded a monastery at this location in the 6th century.

Crónán of Roscrea
Saint Crónán (died 640) was the abbot-bishop and patron of the diocese of Roscrea (a see later incorporated into the diocese of Killaloe), Ireland. He should not be confused with his contemporary Saint Crónán Mochua (died 637).
Vibrant Arena at The MARK
The Vibrant Arena at The MARK, formerly known as The MARK of the Quad Cities, the iWireless Center, and the TaxSlayer Center, is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose arena located in Moline, Illinois. The facility opened in May 1993, under the name The MARK of the Quad Cities with the singer Neil Diamond as the opening act.  The facility was renamed as the TaxSlayer Center on October 1, 2017. The arena started using its current name on September 1, 2022.

It is the home to the revived Quad City Steamwheelers of the Indoor Football League and the Quad City Storm of the SPHL.

SPHL
The SPHL (formerly the Southern Professional Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey independent minor league based in Huntersville, North Carolina, with teams located primarily in the southeastern United States as well as Illinois and Indiana in the midwestern United States.

Following the 2024–25 season, the Evansville Thunderbolts are the reigning President's Cup champions. As of 2024, the Knoxville Ice Bears are the most successful team in SPHL history, having won five William B. Coffey Trophies as the regular season champions and four President's Cup playoff championships. The Peoria Rivermen have also won five William B. Coffey Trophies, while Pensacola has also won four President's Cups.
Alessandro Fei (volleyball)
Alessandro Fei (born 29 November 1978) is an Italian men's volleyball player, a member of Italy men's national volleyball team and Italian club Ninfa Latina. Fei was a silver and bronze medalist at the Olympic Games, World Champion 1998, European Champion (2003, 2005), silver medalist of the European Championship 2001, medalist of the World League (gold in 1999, 2000, silver in 2001, 2004, bronze in 2003), CEV Champions League winner, three-time CEV Cup winner, Challenge Cup winner, four-time Italian Champion.

He was chosen among the 2005 Italian League All-Star team. With Sisley Treviso, Fei won the 2005–06 CEV Champions League and was awarded "Most Valuable Player" and "Best Server".

2001 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2001 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 22nd edition of the event, organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Ostrava, Czech Republic from September 8 to September 16, 2001.
Monique van de Elzen
Monique Annette van de Elzen (born 17 July 1967) is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Van de Elzen scored a hat-trick on her Football Ferns debut in a 3–0 win over a Hawaii X1 12 December 1987 and ended her international career with 20 caps and 11 goals to her credit.

Van de Elzen represented New Zealand at the Women's World Cup finals in China in 1991 playing all 3 group games; a 0–3 loss to Denmark, a 0–4 loss to Norway and a 1–4 loss to China.

New Zealand women's national football team
The New Zealand women's national football team represents New Zealand in international football competitions, and is governed by New Zealand Football (NZF). They are nicknamed the Football Ferns.

The New Zealand national team has taken part in the FIFA Women's World Cup six times, making their debut in 1991. New Zealand co-hosted the 2023 World Cup alongside Australia. They have failed to go past the group stage in all occasions.
NCHC Player of the Year
The NCHC Player of the Year is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference regular season to the best player in the conference as voted by the coaches of each NCHC team.

The Player of the Year was first awarded in 2014 and is a successor to the CCHA Player of the Year which was discontinued after the conference dissolved due to the 2013–14 NCAA conference realignment.

CCHA Player of the Year
The CCHA Player of the Year is an annual award given out at the conclusion of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association regular season to the best player in the conference as voted by the coaches of each CCHA team. The award went on hiatus after the original CCHA was disbanded after the 2012–13 season, and was reinstated when the league resumed play in 2021–22.

The Player of the Year was first awarded in 1977 and every year thereafter until 2013, when the original CCHA was dissolved as a consequence of the Big Ten Conference forming its men's ice hockey conference. The award returned along with the league in 2022.

Two players (Brendan Morrison and Ryan Miller) have received the award two separate times, both doing so in consecutive years.
Elliot Cox
Elliot Cox (born August 23, 2007) is an American racing driver, who last competed in the USF2000 Championship for Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing. Cox previously competed in the 2024 USF2000 Championship driving for the same team.

Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing
Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing, currently competing as the Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing Development, is an auto racing team founded in January 2008 which competed in the Verizon IndyCar Series. The team is jointly owned by former driver Sarah Fisher, Fisher's husband Andrew O'Gara, and businessman Willis "Wink" E. Hartman. The team competed in the IndyCar Series until 2014, after which it merged with Ed Carpenter Racing to form CFH Racing for the 2015 season. The team ceased operations after the 2015 season, but returned as a development series team in 2020 as Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing Development.
Hemispherical resonator gyroscope
The hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG), also called wine-glass gyroscope or mushroom gyro, is a compact, low-noise, high-performance angular rate or rotation sensor. An HRG is made using a thin solid-state hemispherical shell, anchored by a thick stem. This shell is driven to a flexural resonance by electrostatic forces generated by electrodes which are deposited directly onto separate fused-quartz structures that surround the shell. The gyroscopic effect is obtained from the inertial property of the flexural standing waves. Although the HRG is a mechanical system, it has no moving parts, and can be very compact.

Inertial wave
Inertial waves, also known as inertial oscillations, are a type of mechanical wave possible in rotating fluids. Unlike surface gravity waves commonly seen at the beach or in the bathtub, inertial waves flow through the interior of the fluid, not at the surface. Like any other kind of wave, an inertial wave is caused by a restoring force and characterized by its wavelength and frequency. Because the restoring force for inertial waves is the Coriolis force, their wavelengths and frequencies are related in a peculiar way. Inertial waves are transverse. Most commonly they are observed in atmospheres, oceans, lakes, and laboratory experiments. Rossby waves, geostrophic currents, and geostrophic winds are examples of inertial waves. Inertial waves are also likely to exist in the molten core of the rotating Earth.
Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline
Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline that runs from central Alabama through southwest Georgia to Orange County, Florida. A minority stake in the venture is owned by NextEra Energy and Duke Energy. The pipeline has been being planned since before 2011. In July 2013 it was announced that Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) jointly awarded its parent corporation, NextEra Energy and Spectra Energy the bid to build the pipeline. In May 2015, Duke Energy bought an interest in the venture. Construction began in September 2016. The pipeline is currently scheduled to be in service by June 2017.

NextEra Energy
NextEra Energy, Inc. is an American energy company that is the world's largest electric utility holding company by market capitalization, with a valuation of over $170 billion as of Oct 2024. NextEra Energy had revenues of $24.8 billion and 16,700 employees throughout the US and Canada in 2024. It has a current generating capacity of 73 gigawatts. Its subsidiaries include Florida Power & Light (FPL), NextEra Energy Resources (NEER), XPLR Energy Partners, and NextEra Energy Services.

FPL, the largest of its subsidiaries, is the third largest electric utility company in the United States. NEER, together with its affiliated entities, is the world's largest generator of renewable energy from wind and solar. In addition to wind and solar, NextEra Energy Resources owns and operates generating plants powered by natural gas, nuclear energy, and oil. As of March 2025, approximately 36% of NextEra Energy's generating capacity was from fossil fuels and non-renewables, down from 41% in 2020.
Antimilitarism
Antimilitarism (also spelt anti-militarism) is a doctrine that opposes war, relying heavily on a critical theory of imperialism and was an explicit goal of the First and Second International. Whereas pacifism is the doctrine that disputes (especially between countries) should be settled without recourse to violence, Paul B. Miller defines anti-militarism as "ideology and activities...aimed at reducing the civil power of the military and ultimately, preventing international war". Cynthia Cockburn defines an anti-militarist movement as one opposed to "military rule, high military expenditure or the imposition of foreign bases in their country". Martin Ceadel points out that anti-militarism is sometimes equated with pacificism—general opposition to war or violence, except in cases where force is deemed necessary to advance the cause of peace.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Emil Krafth
Emil Henry Kristoffer Krafth (Swedish: [ˈeː.mɪl ˈkrɑːft]; born 2 August 1994) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Premier League club Newcastle United and the Sweden national team.

Developed at Lagan, Krafth had played for Öster, Helsingborg and Bologna, before joining Newcastle United in 2019. He also had a loan spell at Amiens.

Amiens SC
Amiens Sporting Club (French pronunciation: [amjɛ̃]; commonly referred to as Amiens SC or simply Amiens) is a French association football club based in the northern city of Amiens in the Hauts-de-France region. The club was formed in 1901 and play in Ligue 2, the second division of French football. The club plays its home matches at the Stade de la Licorne located within the city. The 2017–18 Ligue 1 season was the first in the club's 116-year history, where they finished in 13th place.
Joshua Friedel
Joshua E. Friedel (born December 3, 1986) is an American chess player with the FIDE title of Grandmaster. He was the U.S. Open Champion in 2013. He has had notable wins against GMs Hikaru Nakamura, Boris Gulko, Ben Finegold, Timur Gareyev, and Gregory Serper.

U.S. Open Chess Championship
The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since 1900.  The top American player usually qualifies for the U.S. Chess Championship.
Melrose Park station (SEPTA)
Melrose Park station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Melrose Park, Pennsylvania. Located at the intersection of Valley Road and Mill Road, it serves the Lansdale/Doylestown, Warminster, and West Trenton lines.

Lansdale/Doylestown Line
The Lansdale/Doylestown Line is a SEPTA Regional Rail line connecting Center City Philadelphia to Doylestown in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. With 9,257 daily riders every weekday in FY 2024, it is the second busiest line in SEPTA's Regional Rail network.

Until 1981, diesel-powered trains continued on the Bethlehem Branch from Lansdale to Quakertown, Bethlehem, and Allentown. Restored service on that portion has been proposed, but is not planned by SEPTA. The line is currently used by the East Penn Railroad for freight.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD16
In molecular biology, snoRNA U16 (also known as SNORD16)  is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

snoRNA U16 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.

U16 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A484  and is encoded within an intron of the gene for ribosomal proteins L1 in animals.  This snoRNA was independently named MBII-98 in mouse.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Shelley Mann
Shelley Isabel Mann (October 15, 1937 – March 24, 2005) was an American competition swimmer, who overcame childhood polio to win the first gold medal ever awarded in the women's 100-meter butterfly event at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics.  She was also a member of the 1956 U.S. Olympic team that won the silver medal for the women's 4×100-meter freestyle relay.

Swimming at the 1956 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly event at the 1956 Olympic Games took place on 3 and 5 December. This swimming event used the butterfly stroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
Shirley Miller (Georgia)
Shirley Miller (née Carver; born July 15, 1935) is a retired American educator who served as the first lady of Georgia from 1991 to 1999 as the wife of the 79th governor of Georgia, Zell Miller. Her initiatives as first lady were to improve the quality of education within the state, including helping adults in literacy to earn their GED.

Governor of Georgia
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard, when not in federal service, and State Defense Force. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature, and the power to convene the legislature into special session. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.
2022–23 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Hoyas, led by sixth-year head coach Patrick Ewing, were members of the Big East Conference. The Hoyas played their home games at Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C. They finished the season 7–25, 2–18 in Big East play to finish in last place for the second consecutive year. In the Big East tournament, they lost to Villanova in the opening round.

On March 9, 2023, the school fired head coach Patrick Ewing. On March 20, the school named Providence head coach Ed Cooley the team's new head coach.

2023 Big East men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Big East Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason collegiate men's basketball tournament for the Big East Conference that took place from March 8 through March 11, 2023, at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The winner received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament.