hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Graves (rugby)
Robert Henderson Graves (1 September 1883 – 15 February 1958) was a pioneer Australian rugby league and rugby union player and one of his country's first dual-code internationals. He was a versatile forward for the Australia national team. He played in 6 Tests between 1908 and 1909, as captain on 1 occasion. In 1907 he played for New South Wales in the first rugby match run by the newly created 'New South Wales Rugby Football League' which had just split away from the established New South Wales Rugby Football Union.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Grand Prince of Moscow
The Grand Prince of Moscow (Russian: великий князь Московский, romanized: velikiy knyaz Moskovskiy), known as the Prince of Moscow until 1389, was the ruler of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Moscow principality was initially established in the 13th century as an appanage within the Vladimir-Suzdal grand principality. By the late 14th century, the grand principality became a family possession of the princes of Moscow; the monarch bore the title of grand prince of Vladimir and Moscow and later the title of grand prince of Vladimir, Moscow and all Russia.

Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (/ˈæpənɪdʒ/; French: apanage [apanaʒ] ⓘ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe.

The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms.
Kampol Pathomakkakul
Kampol Pathomakkakul (Thai: กัมพล ปฐมอรรฆย์กุล, born 27 July 1992) is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Thai League 1 club Ratchaburi Mitr Phol and the Thailand national team.

Thai League 1
The Thai League (Thai: ไทยลีก, pronounced as ไท-หลีก) or Thai League 1 (Thai: ไทยลีก 1, pronounced as ไท-หลีก-หนึ่ง), often referred to as T1, is the highest level of the Thai football league system. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with Thai League 2. Seasons typically run from August to May, with each team playing 30 games: two against each other team, one home and one away. It is sponsored by BYD Auto and therefore officially known as the BYD Sealion 6 League I. In the Thai League, most games are played on Saturday and Sunday evenings, occasionally being played on Wednesday and Friday evening fixtures.
William S. Richardson
William Shaw Richardson (December 22, 1919 – June 21, 2010) was an American attorney, political figure, and chief justice of the Hawaii State Supreme Court from 1966 to 1982. Prior to his service as the top jurist in Hawaii, Richardson was lieutenant governor under John A. Burns. Previous to that tenure from 1956 to 1962 he was chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii.

Supreme Court of Hawaii
The Supreme Court of Hawaii is the highest court of the State of Hawaii in the United States. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the Hawaii State Judiciary. The principal purpose of the Supreme Court is to review the decisions of the trial courts in which appeals have been granted. Appeals are decided by the members of the Supreme Court based on written records and in some cases may grant oral arguments in the main Supreme Court chamber. Like its mainland United States counterparts, the Supreme Court does not take evidence and uses only evidence provided in previous trials.

The Supreme Court of Hawaii meets in Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu.
Luciano Spalletti
Luciano Spalletti (Italian pronunciation: [luˈtʃaːno spalˈletti]; born 7 March 1959) is an Italian football manager and former player who is the manager of Juventus. He started his managerial career with Empoli in 1993 before coaching clubs in Italy, including two spells with Roma, where he won two consecutive Coppa Italia titles. Spalletti managed Zenit St. Petersburg from 2009 to 2014, winning two Russian Premier League titles.

Following two seasons in charge at Inter Milan, Spalletti was appointed manager of Napoli in 2021, where he won the Serie A in the 2022–23 season before leaving the club in June 2023. In August 2023, he was appointed as coach of the Italy national team and led the team to qualify for UEFA Euro 2024, where they were eliminated in the round of 16. He was sacked as Italy coach in June 2025. In October of that year, he returned to club management as head coach of Juventus.

2022–23 Serie A
The 2022–23 Serie A (known as the Serie A TIM for sponsorship reasons) was the 121st season of top-tier Italian football, the 91st in a round-robin tournament, and the 13th since its organization under an own league committee, the Lega Serie A. Napoli won the title with five matches remaining after a 1–1 draw against Udinese at the Dacia Arena on 4 May 2023.

Napoli's title was their third league title in club history and their first since Diego Maradona led them to victory in 1990 — bringing an end to their 33-year Scudetto drought. AC Milan, the defending champions, finished in fourth place. It was the first time since Roma in 2001 that a club other than AC Milan, Inter Milan or Juventus had won the Serie A title.
Pentapartito
The Pentapartito (from Greek πέντε, "five", and Italian partito, "party"), commonly shortened to CAF (from the initials of Craxi, Andreotti and Forlani), refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The pro-European and Atlanticist coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC), the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Liberal Party (PLI), and Italian Republican Party (PRI).

Pro-Europeanism
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU). The opposite of Pro-Europeanism is Euroscepticism.
Plavje
Plavje (pronounced [ˈplaːu̯jɛ], in older sources Plavija, Italian: Plavia) is a village in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located on the northernmost edge of the Istrian peninsula, on the border with Italy, on a small hill overlooking the Gulf of Trieste.

It has a small border crossing with Italy, connecting it with the nearby village of Belpoggio in Noghere (Slovene: Beloglav), south of Trieste, which used to be a hamlet of Plavje (until 1954). Since Slovenia's accession to the European Union and the Schengen area, customs and immigration checks have been abolished at the Italian-Slovenian border.

Spodnje Škofije
Spodnje Škofije (pronounced [ˈspoːdnjɛ ʃkɔˈfiːjɛ]; locally also Prva Škofija, Italian: Scoffie; former Italian name: Albaro Vescovà) is a settlement in the City Municipality of Koper in the Littoral region of Slovenia. A major border crossing on the Highway 5 into Italy was located here, with the Italian side known as Rabuiese.
Mo Charlo
Dennard Maurice "Mo" Charlo (born July 22, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player currently working as an assistant coach for the South Bay Lakers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball at Diablo Valley College and Nevada.

Diablo Valley College
Diablo Valley College (DVC) is a public community college with campuses in Pleasant Hill and San Ramon in Contra Costa County, California. DVC is one of three public community colleges in the Contra Costa Community College District (along with Contra Costa College and Los Medanos College). It opened in 1949. DVC has more than 22,000 students and 300 full-time and 370 part-time instructors.
Death grip
A death grip is an extremely tight grip, such as that exerted by people in a panic for fear for their life. This was commonly thought to be a risk when rescuing drowning people—that they would cling to their rescuer with a death grip which would cause them both to perish.  Investigation showed that this did not actually happen in practice and so breaking a death grip is no longer emphasised in lifesaving.  The actual behaviour of drowning people is more passive as they lack the oxygen to take violent action and an instinctive paddling reflex occurs. An untrained individual should not approach anyone in a state of panic who represents a danger to the rescuer, and it is advised to wait until it is safe to attempt to rescue and resuscitate them.

Instinctive drowning response
The instinctive drowning response is an instinctive reaction that occurs in humans, particularly in non-swimmers, when close to drowning. It is focused on attempting to keep the mouth above water to the exclusion of useful effort to attract help or self rescue, and is often not recognized by onlookers. The reaction is characterized by lateral arm movements, a vertical posture, tilting back the head, and inability to keep the mouth above the water or talk. The suppression of self-control by panic can also endanger swimmers attempting to rescue the victim.
Aylwin-class destroyer
The Aylwin class was a class of four destroyers in the United States Navy; all served as convoy escorts during World War I. The Aylwins were the second of five "second-generation" 1000-ton four-stack destroyer classes that were front-line ships of the Navy until the 1920s. They were known as "thousand tonners". All were scrapped in 1935 to comply with the London Naval Treaty.

All four ships were built by William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia.

These ships were built concurrently with the Cassin class and in some references are considered to be in that class. In design and armament they were essentially repeats of the Cassin class.

William Cramp & Sons
William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company (also known as William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Company) was an American shipbuilding company based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1830 by William Cramp. During its heyday in late 19th century, it was the preeminent American iron shipbuilder.
John-Nhan Tran
John Nhàn Văn Trần (born February 6, 1966) is a Vietnamese-born American  prelate of the Catholic Church who has been serving as an auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Atlanta in Georgia since 2022.

Vietnamese Americans
Vietnamese Americans (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt, Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋɯəj˨˩ mi˦ˀ˥ ɣŏk˧˦ viət̚˧˨ʔ~ziət̚˧˨ʔ]) are Americans of Vietnamese ancestry. They constitute a major part of all overseas Vietnamese. As of 2023, over 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent live in the United States, making them the fourth largest Asian American ethnic group. The majority (60%) are immigrants, while 40% were born in the United States. The number includes people of other ethnicities such as Montagnards, Tais, Chams, or Hoa Chinese.

The Vietnamese American population grew significantly after 1975, when a large wave of South Vietnamese refugees arrived in the U.S. following the end of the Vietnam War. Today, over half of Vietnamese-Americans reside in California and Texas, particularly in metropolitan areas like Los Angeles, Houston, and San Jose.
Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments
The dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments are ligaments in the foot. They are strong, flat bands that stretch from the tarsal bones to the metatarsals.

The first metatarsal is joined to the first cuneiform by a broad, thin band; the second has three, one from each cuneiform bone; the third has one from the third cuneiform; the fourth has one from the third cuneiform and one from the cuboid; and the fifth, one from the cuboid.

Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (pl.: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first. A bovine hind leg has two metatarsals.
Jam tin grenade
The double cylinder, Nos. 8 and No. 9 hand grenades, also known as the "jam tins", are a type of improvised explosive device used by the British and Commonwealth forces, notably the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in World War I (1914–1918). The jam tin, or bully beef tin, was one of many grenades designed by ANZACs in the early part of the First World War in response to a lack of equipment suited to trench warfare.

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was originally a First World War army corps of the British Empire under the command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood commanded the corps, which primarily consisted of troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force, although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign. The corps disbanded in 1916, following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The corps was re-established, briefly, in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941.

The term 'ANZAC' has been used since for joint Australian–New Zealand units of different sizes.
Madhesh Province cricket team
Madhesh Province Cricket team is a Nepali professional cricket team, based in the Madhesh Province,Nepal. The team competes in Prime Minister Cup and Jay Trophy.  The team is currently being run under the Madhesh Province Cricket Association.

Prime Minister Cup Men's National Cricket Tournament
The Prime Minister Cup Men's National Cricket Tournament (Nepali: प्रधानमन्त्री कप पुरुष राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट प्रतियोगिता) is a premier domestic One-day cricket tournament in Nepal. It was  organised annually  by the Cricket Association of Nepal.  This tournament featured 10 teams which are 7 Provincial teams and 3 Departmental teams.

The teams represent the seven provinces of Nepal, and three departmental teams. The current champions are Nepal Police Club.
Geology of the Raukumara Region
The Raukumara region of New Zealand corresponds to the East Cape of the North Island, and associated mountain ranges.

To the east of the North Island is the Hikurangi Trough, a collision zone between the Pacific Plate and the Australian Plate. The Pacific Plate is being subducted under the Australian Plate, compressing the east of the North Island, and causing the North Island Fault System, and a series of SSW-NNE trending basins and ranges, including the Raukumara Range.  Successively newer rocks have been accreted to the east coast.

The Raukumara region used to be adjacent to Northland, before being shifted to its current position, and many rocks of the two regions match.

To the north of the Raukumara Range lies the Bay of Plenty, formed of Torlesse (Waioeka) Greywacke. The central ranges are covered by in-place and allochthonous (displaced) Cretaceous to Oligocene rocks.  To the south are more recent, mainly Miocene and Pliocene, rocks.

Torlesse composite terrane
The Torlesse composite terrane is a plate tectonic terrane forming part of the South Island of New Zealand. It contains the Rakaia, Aspiring and Pahau terranes and the Esk Head Belt. Greywacke (or Torlesse Greywacke) is the dominant rock type of the composite terrane; argillite is less common and there are minor basalt occurrences. The Torlesse composite terrane is found east of the Alpine Fault in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Its southern extent is a cryptic boundary with the Caples terrane within the Haast Schists in Central Otago. It is named for the Torlesse Range in Canterbury.
Melvin B. Gottlieb
Melvin Burt Gottlieb (May 25, 1917 in Chicago, Illinois – December 1, 2000 in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania) was a high-energy physicist and director of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (1961–1980).  With Van Allen he did the early studies of the magnetosphere, and he later led US fusion research.

James Van Allen
James Alfred Van Allen (September 7, 1914 – August 9, 2006) was an American space physicist at the University of Iowa. He was instrumental in establishing the field of magnetospheric research in space.

The Van Allen radiation belts were named after him, following his discovery using Geiger–Müller tube instruments on the 1958 satellites (Explorer 1, Explorer 3, and Pioneer 3) during the International Geophysical Year. Van Allen led the scientific community in putting scientific research instruments on space satellites.
Pallokerho Keski-Uusimaa
Pallokerho Keski-Uusimaa (abbreviated PK Keski-Uusimaa or PKKU) is a football club serving the sub-region of Keski-Uusimaa in Finland and is centred on the towns of Järvenpää, Kerava and Tuusula.  The club was formed in 2005 and the men's first team currently plays in the newly formed Ykkönen (Second Division).  The Chairman of PK Keski-Uusimaa is Mikko Bergman.

Tuusula
Tuusula (Finnish: [ˈtuːsulɑ]; Swedish: Tusby [ˈtʉːsby]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern interior of the country. Tuusula is situated in the centre of the Uusimaa region. The population of Tuusula is approximately 43,000. It is the 27th most populous municipality in Finland and the second most populous municipality without city status (Finnish: kaupunki) after Nurmijärvi. Tuusula is part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

A laurel branch in the coat of arms of Tuusula refers to the local artist community and a wheellock was borrowed from the coat of arms of the Stålhane noble family, which has long been influential in Tuusula. The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson in 1953.
Stratocumulus volutus
Stratocumulus volutus is a rare species of stratocumulus cloud, typically forming alone. Volutus is translated from Latin, meaning revolve, being described as a roll cloud. Stratocumulus volutus clouds are low-level clouds, forming below 2,000 meters (6,600 feet). Volutus clouds are much more common in the form of stratocumulus, as opposed to altocumulus volutus. Stratocumulus volutus clouds are not severe, and may only bring several minutes of rain. Alternatively, stratocumulus volutus clouds may form with numerous layers, contradicting the usual rounded form.

Arcus cloud
An arcus cloud is a low, horizontal cloud formation, usually appearing as an accessory cloud to a cumulonimbus. Roll clouds and shelf clouds are the two main types of arcus clouds. They most frequently form along the leading edge or gust fronts of thunderstorms; some of the most dramatic arcus formations mark the gust fronts of derecho-producing convective systems. Roll clouds may also arise in the absence of thunderstorms, forming along the shallow cold air currents of some sea breeze boundaries and cold fronts.
Richard Congo
Richard S. Congo (born May 17, 1961) is an American former basketball player for Lafayette College and Drexel University. He was a two-time all-conference performer and the 1984 East Coast Conference Player of the Year as a senior.

Lafayette Leopards men's basketball
The Lafayette Leopards men's basketball team represents Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania in NCAA Division I competition. The school's team competes in the Patriot League and plays home games in Kirby Sports Center. Fran O'Hanlon is the winningest coach in program history. The Leopards are currently coached by Mike McGarvey since his appointment on March 29, 2023. Lafayette has appeared four times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2015.
Tamapahore
Tamapahore was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Bay of Plenty region and a founding ancestor of the Ngā Pōtiki ā Tamapahore hapū, which is associated with the Ngāi Te Rangi iwi and the Ngāti Awa confederation. He accompanied his brother Rangihouhiri through a period of protracted migration, known as the Te Heke o Te Rangihouhiri. He participated in the conquest of Maketu and, when his brother was killed during the final battle of the war, Poporohuamea, he took over command and led Ngāi Te Rangi to victory. He joined his grand-nephew Kotorerua in the conquest of Mount Maunganui, but quarrelled with him after the battle and led his people away to settle at Papamoa.

Ngāi Te Rangi
Ngāi Te Rangi or Ngāiterangi is a Māori iwi, based in Tauranga, New Zealand. Its rohe (tribal area) extends to Mayor Island / Tūhua and Bowentown in the north, to the Kaimai Range in the west, south of Te Puke and to Maketu in the east.

Ngāi Te Rangi is part of the Tauranga Moana iwi group, which also includes Ngāti Pūkenga and Ngāti Ranginui. The three iwi all consider Mauao (Mount Maunganui) sacred and share many things in common with one another. Collectively, the iwi are seeking compensation from the New Zealand Government for their losses from the New Zealand Wars but are yet to seek a settlement.
Tigireksky Nature Reserve
Tigirekskiy Nature Reserve (Russian: Тигирекский заповедник) (also Tigireksky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict nature reserve) in the northwest mid-level mountains of the Altai-Sayan region.   The reserve was established for the protection and study of the relic pre-glacial dark taiga of the higher elevations, and the mountain-steppe of the river valleys and lower regions.   The site features extensive karst landscape and caves.   The reserve is situated in the Zmeinogorsky, Tretyakovsky and Krasnoshchyokovsky districts of Altai Krai.  It was formally established in 1999, and covers a total area of 40,693 ha (157.12 sq mi).

Zmeinogorsky District
Zmeinogorsky District (Russian: Змеиного́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the south of the krai. The area of the district is 2,802 square kilometers (1,082 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Zmeinogorsk. Population:  21,022 (2010 Census); 12,317 (2002 Census); 12,604 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zmeinogorsk accounts for 52.1% of the district's total population.
Black-headed jay
The black-headed jay or lanceolated jay (Garrulus lanceolatus) is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It is found in open wooded country across the Himalayas and into eastern Afghanistan. A relatively large songbird, it has a largely grey body with a black head, an untidy crest, white streaks on the throat, and a pale bill. It is roughly the same size as its close relative the Eurasian jay, but a little more slender overall.

Eurasian jay
The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius), also known simply as the jay without any epithets in the United Kingdom and Ireland, is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The Eurasian jay is a woodland bird that occurs over a vast region from western Europe and north-west Africa to the Indian subcontinent and farther to the eastern seaboard of Asia and down into south-east Asia. Across this vast range, several distinct racial forms have evolved which look different from each other, especially when comparing forms at the extremes of its range.