hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roseway
Roseway is a wooden gaff-rigged schooner launched on 24 November 1925 in Essex, Massachusetts.  She is currently operated by World Ocean School, a non-profit educational organization based in Boston, Massachusetts, and is normally operated out of Boston, Massachusetts and Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.  She was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1997 as the only known surviving example of a fishing schooner built specifically with racing competition as an objective. In 1941, Roseway was purchased by the Boston Pilot's Association to serve as a pilot boat for Boston Harbor, as a replacement for the pilot-boat Northern Light, which was sold to the United States Army for war service.

Saint Croix
Saint Croix (/krɔɪ/ KROY; Spanish: Santa Cruz; Dutch: Sint-Kruis; French: Sainte-Croix; Danish and Norwegian: Sankt Croix; Taino: Ay Ay) is an island in the Caribbean, and a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States.

St. Croix is the largest of the territory's islands. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 41,004. The island's highest point is Mount Eagle, at 355 meters (1,165 ft). St. Croix's nickname is "Twin City", for its two towns, Frederiksted on the western end and Christiansted on the northeast part of the island.
Governor of Maryland
The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments).

The current governor is Wes Moore, who has been in office since 2023.

Constitution of Maryland
The current Constitution of the State of Maryland, which was ratified by the people of the state on September 18, 1867, forms the basic law for the U.S. state of Maryland. It replaced the short-lived Maryland Constitution of 1864 and is the fourth constitution under which the state has been governed. It was last amended in 2024.

At approximately 47,000 words (including annotations), the Maryland Constitution is much longer than the average length of a state constitution in the United States, which is about 26,000 words (the United States Constitution is about 8,700 words long).
Organotungsten chemistry
Organotungsten chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds with W-C bonds. It shares many similarities with organomolybdenum chemistry, while having more prevalent high oxidation states than the related organochromium chemistry. Notable applications include that in olefin/alkyne metathesis catalysis, and in arene activation. If the compound only has W-C bonds, is it, by definition, a form of tungsten carbide.

Olefin metathesis
In organic chemistry, olefin metathesis or alkene metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the breaking and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often creates fewer undesired by-products and hazardous wastes than alternative organic reactions. For their elucidation of the reaction mechanism and their discovery of a variety of highly active catalysts, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock were collectively awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Ignacio Martín-Baró
Ignacio Martín-Baró SJ (November 7, 1942 – November 16, 1989) was a scholar, social psychologist, philosopher and Jesuit priest who was born in Valladolid, Spain, and died in San Salvador, El Salvador. He was one of the victims of the 1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Ashtoret
Ashtoret is a genus of crabs in the family Matutidae, containing the following species:

Ashtoret granulosa (Miers, 1877)

Ashtoret lunaris (Forskål, 1775)

Ashtoret maculata (Miers, 1877)

Ashtoret miersii (Henderson, 1887)

Ashtoret obtusifrons (Miers, 1877)

Ashtoret picta (Hess, 1865)

Ashtoret sangiannulata Galil & Clark, 1994

Ashtoret shengmuae Galil & Clark, 1994

Ashtoret lunaris

Ashtoret picta

In addition, a single, unnamed, fossil species is known from the Miocene of Japan.

Ashtoret lunaris
Ashtoret lunaris, also known as the yellow moon crab, spotted moon crab or box crab, is an Indo-Pacific species of carnivorous crab which is a member of the family Matutidae. It has been recorded in the eastern Mediterranean since 2010, likely reaching it via the Suez Canal from the Red Sea by (see Lessepsian migration).
Brevicellicium olivascens
Brevicellicium olivascens is a species of crust-forming fungus in the family Hydnodontaceae that grows as thin, olive-tinted patches on decaying wood. First described by the Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1892 as Odontia olivascens, it was later reclassified in 1978 by the Swedish mycologists Karl-Henrik Larsson and Erik Hjortstam, who created the new genus Brevicellicium (meaning "short cells") to accommodate it. This inconspicuous fungus forms delicate, web-like films only 0.1–0.3 millimetres thick that appear greyish-olive to olive-brown when fresh, becoming papery when dry, and can be identified microscopically by its distinctive two-spored reproductive cells. Though easily overlooked due to its subtle appearance, B. olivascens has a widespread distribution across Europe, North America, Asia, and Oceania, where it plays an ecological role in breaking down dead wood of broadleaf trees and woody vines.

Resupination
Resupination is derived from the Latin word resupinus, meaning "bent back
with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward".

The word "resupinate" is generally only used in a botanical context – in everyday language, "supine" has a similar meaning. In botany, resupination refers to the "twisting"  of flowers or leaves through about 180° as they open. Resupinate leaves have the petiole or "stalk" twisted - resupinate flowers twist as they open.
Construction of the Virginia approaches to Arlington Memorial Bridge
The construction of the Virginia approaches to Arlington Memorial Bridge was a 16-year road construction project to connect Arlington Memorial Bridge with roads in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States. Initial design proposals were made in 1926, but extensive political wrangling and indecision delayed the project and even the new bridge itself, which finally opened in 1932 after a connection to the Arlington National Cemetery was made via Memorial Drive.

Officials with Arlington County and the state of Virginia long debated whether to build new roads, which would be far more expensive yet a boon to the local economy, or simply connect existing ones. Federal money became available for building approaches in 1933, four years into the Great Depression. The first connection with the bridge opened in October 1938; a second connection opened in 1942 to link it to the Pentagon road network.

Pentagon road network
The Pentagon road network is a system of highways, mostly freeways, built by the United States federal government in the early 1940s to serve the Pentagon in northern Virginia. The roads, transferred to the Commonwealth of Virginia in 1964, are now largely state highways. The main part of the network is the Mixing Bowl at Interstate 395 (Shirley Highway) and Route 27 (Washington Boulevard), named because it had major weaving issues with traffic "mixing" between the two roads before it was rebuilt in the early 1970s.

The "Mixing Bowl" nickname is now more commonly used to refer to the Springfield Interchange, where I-395, I-495, and I-95 converge in nearby Springfield.
Phelim Boyle
Phelim P. Boyle (born 1941), is an Irish economist and distinguished professor and actuary, and a pioneer of quantitative finance. He is best known for initiating the use of Monte Carlo methods in option pricing.

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal (N) end to the carboxyl-terminal (C) end. Protein biosynthesis is most commonly performed by ribosomes in cells. Peptides can also be synthesized in the laboratory. Protein primary structures can be directly sequenced, or inferred from DNA sequences.

Ribosome
A ribosome (/ˈraɪbəzoʊm, -soʊm/) is a ribonucleoprotein particle found in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production of a protein. A ribosome links amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of mRNA molecules to form polypeptide chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus.

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes. This is an energy-consuming, dynamic process, requiring the synthesis of around 200 proteins in the processing of ribosomal RNAs and assembling them with ribosomal proteins to make the ribosomes subunits.
Spence Nowinsky
Spence Nowinsky is an American college football coach and former player. He is the defensive coordinator and linebacker coach for the New Mexico, positions he has held since 2025.  Previously he was the defensive coordinator at the University of Memphis, Ohio University, Miami University, and Illinois State University.

Illinois State Redbirds football
The Illinois State Redbirds football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) as a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC). The school's first football team was fielded in 1887. The team plays its home games at the 13,391 seat Hancock Stadium. They are coached by Brock Spack.
Kentucky Route 239
Kentucky Route 239 (KY 239) is a 10.3-mile-long (16.6 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The highway connects mostly rural areas of Fulton and Hickman counties with the Tennessee state line.

Hickman County, Kentucky
Hickman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,521, making it the third-least populous county in Kentucky. Its county seat is Clinton.  The county was formed in 1821. It is the least densely populated county in the state and is a prohibition or dry county.
Colin McManus
Colin McManus (born March 10, 1990) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With his skating partner, Anastasia Cannuscio, he is the 2013 Ice Challenge champion, a three-time bronze medalist on the ISU Challenger Series, and the 2016 U.S. national pewter medalist.

2016 U.S. Figure Skating Championships
The 2016 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from January 15–24 in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the Xcel Energy Center and Bloomington Ice Garden. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2016 Four Continents, 2016 World Junior Championships, and the 2016 World Championships.

The host was announced in November 2012.
Gabby Cantorna
Gabriella Cantorna (born August 2, 1995) is an American rugby union player. She plays for the United States and for Exeter Chiefs in the Premier 15s. She has competed for the Eagles at the 2021 and 2025 Women's Rugby World Cups.

United States women's national rugby union team
The USA Women's national rugby union team, nicknamed the Women's Eagles, represents the United States in women's international rugby union. The team was officially formed in 1987 and is nicknamed the Eagles.

An international powerhouse during the 1990s— the Eagles won the inaugural 1991 Women's World Cup and finished second in the two following World Cups in 1994 and 1998. The team finished fourth at the 2017 Rugby World Cup in Ireland.

In May 2018, Rob Cain was appointed full-time Head Coach. Cain joined the Eagles after winning the inaugural Tyrell Premier 15s title in England with Saracens Women.
Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry
This is a glossary of some terms used in Riemannian geometry and metric geometry — it doesn't cover the terminology of differential topology.

The following articles may also be useful; they either contain specialised vocabulary or provide more detailed expositions of the definitions given below.

Connection

Curvature

Metric space

Riemannian manifold

See also:

Glossary of general topology

Glossary of differential geometry and topology

List of differential geometry topics

Unless stated otherwise, letters X, Y, Z below denote metric spaces, M, N denote Riemannian manifolds, |xy| or  denotes the distance between points x and y in X. Italic word denotes a self-reference to this glossary.

A caveat: many terms in Riemannian and metric geometry, such as convex function, convex set and others, do not have exactly the same meaning as in general mathematical usage.

Isometry
In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure". If the transformation is from a metric space to itself, it is a kind of geometric transformation known as a motion.
TAF Linhas Aéreas
TAF Linhas Aéreas was an airline based in Fortaleza, Brazil. It operated regional passenger and cargo services. Today, the owner continues services with a TAF Taxi Aéreo or TAF Air Taxi, using Cessna 208 Caravans for sporadic flights in the interior of northeast Brazil.

Cessna 208 Caravan
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a utility aircraft produced by Cessna.

The project was commenced on November 20, 1981, and the prototype first flew on December 9, 1982.
The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984 and its Cargomaster freighter variant was developed for FedEx.
The 4 ft (1.2 m) longer 208B Super Cargomaster first flew in 1986 and was developed into the passenger 208B Grand Caravan.

The strutted, high wing 208 typically seats nine passengers in its unpressurized cabin, is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A tractor turboprop and has a fixed tricycle landing gear, floats, or skis.

By 2022, 3,000 had been delivered and 24 million flight hours have been logged. Caravans have been used for flight training, commuter airlines, VIP transport, air cargo, skydiving and humanitarian missions.
My Stepmom's Daughter Is My Ex
My Stepmom's Daughter Is My Ex (継母の連れ子が元カノだった, Mamahaha no Tsurego ga Motokano datta; lit. 'The Stepmom's Child Was the Ex-Girlfriend'), also known as Tsurekano (連れカノ), is a Japanese romantic comedy light novel series written by Kyōsuke Kamishiro and illustrated by Takayaki. The series began serialization on the online novel website Kakuyomu in August 2017, with a print version beginning publication under Kadokawa Shoten's Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko imprint in December 2018. The light novel is licensed digitally in North America by J-Novel Club. A manga adaptation by Rei Kusakabe began serialization online by Fujimi Shobo via Niconico Seiga website as part of the Dra Dra Sharp and Dra Dra Flat brands in April 2019. An anime television series adaptation produced by Project No.9 aired from July to September 2022.

J-Novel Club
J-Novel Club is a publishing company specializing in the translation of Japanese light novels into English. It streams light novels and manga in regular installments before publishing finalized e-books. As of August 2021, J-Novel Club has licensed over 150 light novel and manga series and have published more than 800 e-books. It has licensed titles from many Japanese publishers, including Hobby Japan, Overlap, Kodansha, Drecom, Earth Star Entertainment, Kadokawa Corporation, Micro Magazine, Shufunotomo, and Softbank Creative. It was acquired by Kadokawa Corporation on April 28, 2021.
Mustafa Said Qadir
Mustafa Said Qadir (born 6 July 1958 in Qaladize, Sulaymaniyah Governorate) has been Vice President of Kurdistan Region under Nechirvan Idris Barzani's administration since 8 September 2019.

Mustafa earned a degree from Technical Institute of Agriculture in Baghdad in 1979. He was a political prisoner under the Ba'athist Iraq. He used to hold senior positions within Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, including membership in PUK politburo. Currently he is one of the leaders of the Gorran Movement.

Mustafa became a member of the newly established Kurdistan National Assembly in its first the parliamentary election of 1992, and he was appointed as minister of interior in PUK's Sulaymaniyah administration in 1998. He was also minister of the Peshmerga forces.

In 2019, Mustafa was selected as Gorran candidate for Vice President of Kurdistan Region.

Vice President of the Kurdistan Region
The vice president of the Kurdistan Region is the deputy head of the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq. They are part of the Kurdistan Presidency Council. The vice presidents assist the president in his or her duties and in the president's absence is the acting president.

On 14 June 2005 Masoud Barzani was sworn in by the Kurdistan Region Parliament as new president. Kurdistan National Assembly elected Kosrat Rasul Ali as the vice president of the Kurdistan Region.
Richard Twiss
Richard Twiss (June 11, 1954 – February 9, 2013) was a Native American educator and author. He was a member of the Sicangu Lakota Oyate. He was the Co-Founder and President of Wiconi International (Lakota: Wee-choe'-nee, lit. 'life').

His vision was, "Serve as a bridge builder and consultant, nationally and internationally, to develop understanding, respect and mutual appreciation for one another, especially among Native American/First Nations people."

Sicangu
The Sicangu are one of the seven oyates, nations or council fires, of Lakota people, an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. Today, many Sicangu people are enrolled citizens of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation and Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation in South Dakota.
Razia Rahimtoola
Razia Rahimtoola (Urdu: رضیہ جعفررحمۃاللہ; born Razia A. K. Gul-Mohammad in Bombay on 29 August 1919; died 13 November 1988 in Karachi) was a Chair of Pediatrics Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. She was the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.

Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (RCPE) is a medical royal college in Scotland. It is one of three organisations that set the specialty training standards for physicians in the United Kingdom. It was established by royal charter in 1681. The college has more than 14,000 fellows and members worldwide, who are entitled to use the post-nominal MRCP (Edin) or FRCP (Edin).
Ziranmen
Ziranmen (simplified Chinese: 自然门; traditional Chinese: 自然門; pinyin: zìránmén; Wade–Giles: tzu-jan men; literally "the ziran ["natural"] style"), also known as Natural Boxing, is a Northern internal style of kung fu that is taught in conjunction with qigong breathing techniques. The style traces its lineage to Dwarf Xu, who based it on ancient Taoist philosophy. Du Xinwu, the next bearer of the lineage, served as a bodyguard to Sun Yat-sen, then the provisional president of the Republic of China. Du imparted his knowledge of "Natural Boxing" to his eldest son Du Xiusi and Wan Laisheng, a prominent twentieth century martial artist.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
New South Wales Under-16's rugby league team
The New South Wales Under-16's rugby league team, also known as New South Wales Under-16s or New South Wales U16, represents New South Wales in the sport of rugby league at an under-16 age level. Since 2008, the team has played an annual fixture against the Queensland Under-16s team as a curtain-raiser to a State of Origin game. The team features players selected from New South Wales's premier under-16 rugby league competition, the Harold Matthews Cup and Andrew Johns Cup. The New South Wales Rugby League administered them.

Country Rugby League
The Country Rugby League of New South Wales (CRL), formed in 1934 and disbanded in 2019, was the governing body for the sport of rugby league football in areas of New South Wales outside the Sydney metropolitan area until it merged with NSW Rugby League in 2019. The CRL was superseded by 6 NSWRL Country Divisions represented by 4 members of the nine-person NSWRL board. Despite its name, the CRL also governed rugby league in the Australian Capital Territory. Apart from selecting a Country Origin side to play in the annual City vs Country Origin game, the CRL administered many senior and junior competitions across the state.