hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damascus Pentateuch
The Damascus Pentateuch or Codex Sassoon 507 is a 10th-century Hebrew Bible codex, consisting of the almost complete Pentateuch, the Five Books of Moses. The codex was copied by an unknown scribe, replete with Masoretic annotations. The beginning of the manuscript is damaged: it starts with Genesis 9:26, and Exodus 18:1–23 is also missing. In 1975 it was acquired by the Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalem (from 2008  "National Library of Israel"). The codex was published in a large, two-volume facsimile edition in 1978.

It is distinct from the 13th-century Damascus Crown (Keter Damascus) of Spanish origin, a manuscript containing 24 canonical books. It is also distinct from the privately owned Codex Sassoon 1053.

National Library of Israel
The National Library of Israel (NLI; Hebrew: הספרייה הלאומית, romanized: HaSifria HaLeumit; Arabic: المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; Hebrew: בית הספרים הלאומי והאוניברסיטאי, romanized: Beit Ha-Sfarim Ha-Le'umi ve-Ha-Universita'i), is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage. The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located in the Government complex (Kiryat HaMemshala) near the Knesset.

The National Library owns the world's largest collections of Hebraica and Judaica, and is the repository of many rare and unique manuscripts, books and artifacts.
Andrés Escobar
Andrés Escobar Saldarriaga (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈdɾes eskoˈβaɾ saldaˈrjaɣa]; 13 March 1967 – 2 July 1994) was a Colombian professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He played for Atlético Nacional, BSC Young Boys, and the Colombia national team. Nicknamed The Gentleman, he was known for his clean style of play and calmness on the pitch.

On 2 July 1994, Escobar was murdered in the aftermath of the 1994 FIFA World Cup, reportedly as retaliation for having scored an own goal which contributed to Colombia's elimination from the tournament. His murder further tarnished the image of the country internationally. Escobar himself had worked to promote a more positive image of Colombia, earning acclaim in the country.

Escobar is still held in high regard by Colombian fans, and is especially mourned and remembered by Atlético Nacional's fans.

BSC Young Boys
Berner Sport Club Young Boys (YB by short abbreviation, Alemannic German: [ˈiːbɛ] EE-beh) is a Swiss professional sports club based in Bern, Switzerland. Its first team has won 17 Swiss league championships and eight Swiss Cups. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, reaching the semi-finals of the European Cup in the 1958–59 season. The club's colours are yellow of a golden shade and black.
Lisa Raitt
Lisa Sarah MacCormack Raitt PC (born May 7, 1968) is a former Canadian politician who served as a federal Cabinet minister and member of Parliament (MP) from 2008 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, Raitt was elected to the House of Commons in the 2008 election, representing Halton. Shortly after her election, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named her minister of natural resources, holding the role until 2010, when she became minister of labour. In 2013, she became minister of transport, remaining in the role until the Conservatives were defeated by the Liberal Party in the 2015 election. Raitt was re-elected in the newly formed riding of Milton. She contested the Conservative leadership in 2017, losing to Andrew Scheer, who made her deputy party leader and deputy opposition leader, a role she would hold until she was defeated in the 2019 election. Since leaving politics, she has been the vice chair of Global Investment Banking at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC).

Minister of Energy and Natural Resources
The minister of energy and natural resources (French: ministre de l’énergie et des ressources naturelles) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).

In addition to NRCan, the minister oversees the federal government's natural resources portfolio, which includes Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, the Canada Energy Regulator, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, as well as the Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Offshore and the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Boards. The Energy Supplies Allocation Board and the Northern Pipeline Agency also report to the Minister as required.

The current minister of energy and natural resources is Tim Hodgson, since May 13, 2025. This position was established in 1995 under the Department of Natural Resources Act, S.C. 1994, c. 41, which merged the positions of the minister of energy, mines and resources and minister of forestry.
Polina Luchnikova
Polina Evgenyevna Luchnikova (Russian: Полина Евгеньевна Лучникова, romanized: Polina Yevgen'yevna Luchnikova; born 30 January 2002) is a Russian ice hockey forward and member of the Russian national ice hockey team, currently playing in the Zhenskaya Hockey League (ZhHL) with Agidel Ufa.

Luchnikova represented the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) in the women's ice hockey tournament at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Zhenskaya Hockey League
The Zhenskaya Hockey League or ZhHL (Russian: Женская хоккейная лига, romanized: Zhenskaya khokkeynaya liga, lit. 'Women's Hockey League'), officially called the Women's Hockey League (WHL), is a professional ice hockey league in Russia, currently comprising eight teams. The league is also known as the PariMatch Women's Hockey League for sponsorship reasons.

The league was founded via a joint partnership of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) and the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia (FHR) on 19 June 2015. It replaced the Russian Women's Hockey League (RWHL), which had been founded in 1995 and was operated by the FHR alone.
Love You to Death (band)
Love You to Death (formerly The Pettit Project) was a Canadian pop punk band from Toronto, Ontario, active from 1999 to 2015. Founded by vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter Scott Komer, the group was signed to Affluence Music Group. Over sixteen years, the band released fifteen recordings under both names and developed a rotating cast of members that included future participants in Boys Night Out, Avril Lavigne's touring band, Not by Choice, Cuff the Duke, The Creepshow, and Gregory Pepper's solo project.

The Creepshow
The Creepshow is a Canadian rock band from Burlington, Ontario. The band formed in 2005 when the four original members got together with the purpose of starting a psychobilly band. The Creepshow writes the majority of their songs about horror films.
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Colombia)
The Revolutionary Socialist Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Revolucionario, PSR or PSRC) was a left-wing Colombian political party existing from 1926 to 1930. Co-founded by María Cano, it was one of the first stable Marxist political parties in Colombia. It was the predecessor to the modern Colombian Communist Party, formed in 1930.

Colombian Communist Party
The Colombian Communist Party (Spanish: Partido Comunista Colombiano, PCC) was a legal communist party in Colombia. It was founded in 1930 as the Communist Party of Colombia, at which point it was the Colombian section of the Comintern. The party was led by Jaime Caycedo and published a weekly newspaper named Voz.

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was founded as the armed wing of the PCC in 1964, but the two organisations separated in 1993.

The party merged with several others to create the Historic Pact in 2025.
Jeffrey Holmstead
Jeffrey Ralph "Jeff" Holmstead (born June 20, 1960) is an American energy lobbyist and lawyer. He is a partner with Houston-based Bracewell LLP and a former deputy administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in the George W. Bush administration.
 Bracewell LLP is formerly Bracewell & Giuliani, the international law firm of Rudy Giuliani.

Bracewell LLP
Bracewell LLP is an international law firm based in Houston, Texas, that began in 1945. The firm has approximately 350 lawyers and has United States offices in New York City, Washington, D.C., San Antonio, Seattle, Dallas, and Austin, as well as offices in Dubai, Paris, and London.

The firm works primarily in the energy, infrastructure, finance, technology, healthcare and real estate sectors, with practices in transactional, litigation, regulatory and government relations matters.
Pony (My Little Pony)
Ponies are an equine species in the My Little Pony media franchise. Across the franchise's various incarnations, ponies are depicted as colorful, sentient equines who inhabit magical lands, most notably Equestria from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. The three main prolific "Pony Tribes" are earth ponies, pegasi, and unicorns, each possessing distinct physical traits and supernatural abilities. Lesser known or non-prolific tribes include: thestrals, crystal ponies, and alicorns. All ponies are easily identifiable from other non-pony equine species by their cutie marks.

Winged unicorn
A winged unicorn or flying unicorn is a mythical ungulate, typically portrayed as a horse, with feathered wings like a pegasus and the horn of a unicorn. It is further featured in modern popular culture and fiction.
Mireia Belmonte
Mireia Belmonte García (born 10 November 1990) is a Spanish Olympic, world, and European champion swimmer. She is the former world record holder in the short course 200 metre butterfly, 400 metre individual medley, 400 metre freestyle, 800 metre freestyle, and 1500 metre freestyle. She was the first Spanish woman to win a gold medal in swimming at an Olympic Games and is widely considered to be the greatest Spanish swimmer of all time.

At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro she became Olympic champion in the 200-metre butterfly, and also won the bronze medal in the 400-metre individual medley. She previously competed at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, where she debuted at 17 years old, and at 2012 London, where she won two silver medals, one in the 200 metre butterfly with a time of 2:05.25 and one in the 800-metre freestyle with a time of 8:18.76.

World record progression 200 metres butterfly
This is a history of the progression of the World Record for the Swimming event: the 200 Butterfly. It is a listing of the fastest-time-ever swum in the event, in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) swimming pools. These records are maintained/recognized by FINA, which oversees international competitive Aquatics.

The long course records are historically older than the short course records: the long course records go back to at least the 1950s, whereas the short course marks having only been recognized since the early 1990s.
Cairo Dodgers
The Cairo Dodgers were a minor league baseball team based in Cairo, Illinois. As a minor league affiliate of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1949 and 1950, the Cairo Dodgers played as members of the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (KITTY League), qualifying for the playoffs in their first season. Cairo hosted minor league home games at Dodger Field.

Kitty League
The Kitty League, formally known as the Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League, was a Class D level minor league baseball circuit that went through six different periods of play between 1903 and 1955. The League hosted teams in 29 cities from the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri and Tennessee.
Italian colonization of Libya
The Italian colonization of Libya began in 1911 and it lasted until 1943. The country, which was previously an Ottoman possession, was occupied by Italy in 1911 after the Italo-Turkish War, which resulted in the establishment of two colonies: Italian Tripolitania and Italian Cyrenaica. In 1934, the two colonies were merged into one colony which was named the colony of Italian Libya. In 1937, this colony was divided into four provinces, and in 1939, the coastal provinces became a part of metropolitan Italy as the Fourth Shore. The colonization lasted until Libya's occupation by Allied forces in 1943, but it was not until the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty that Italy officially renounced all of its claims to Libya's territory.

Allied administration of Libya
The Allied administration of Libya was the control of the ex-colony of Italian Libya by the Allies from 13 May 1943 until Libyan independence was granted in 1951. It was divided into two parts:

British Military Administration of Libya (UN administration after 1949)

French Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames (UN administration after 1949)
Frederick R. Payne Jr.
Frederick Rounsville "Fritz" Payne Jr. (July 31, 1911 – August 6, 2015) was a World War II Ace and a brigadier general in the United States Marine Corps. Payne was awarded the Navy Cross for service with VMF-212.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
Sumgait Canyon
Sumgait Canyon (Azerbaijani: Sumqayıt kanyonu) or Sumgayitchai Canyon is a natural monument located in a part of the Sumgaitchai river flow. The canyon is located on the back of the Sumgait municipal waste landfill. This canyon is considered a potential destination for tourism in Sumgait.

Sumgaitchai downstream flows through the Sumgait canyon into the Caspian Sea. In this part, the river bed is rather fragile. The earth is composed of clay and sand, which increases the destructive power of the river. This allows the river to easily deepen its course. The canyon erosion activity is quite high. Due to the atmospheric precipitation, the solar radiation and the wind activity, the canyon takes on a mysterious look. As the process continues, the scale of weathering is constantly increasing.

The height and width of the canyon varies depending on where it flows. The average height is 10 to 15 meters (33 to 49 ft) and the width ranges from 30 to 50 meters.

Sumgait
Sumgait, officially Sumqayit; /ˌsuːmɡɑːˈiːt/; (Azerbaijani: Sumqayıt, Azerbaijani: [sumɡɑˈjɯt] ⓘ) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, on the Absheron Peninsula, about 31 kilometres (19 miles) away from the capital Baku. The city had a population of 427,000 at the beginning of 2024, making it the second largest city in Azerbaijan after Baku.

The city has a territory of 83 square kilometres (32 sq mi). It was founded as a suburb of Baku in 1944 and received city status on 22 November 1949, growing into a major industrial center during the Soviet period. The municipality of Sumgait also includes the settlements of Jorat and Haji Zeynalabdin. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

The city is best known internationally for where the Sumgait pogrom took place in 1988, in which local Armenian populations were killed or forced to relocate due to threats of violence.
Greater administrative region
Greater administrative regions or greater administrative areas (simplified Chinese: 大行政区; traditional Chinese: 大行政區; pinyin: Dà Xíngzhèng Qū) were top-level administrative divisions in territories controlled by the Chinese Communist Party in Northern China and later the nascent People's Republic of China that directly governed provinces and municipalities. These were the largest-ever political divisions of China and were controlled by the Central People's Government. They were dissolved between June and November 1954.

Central People's Government (1949–1954)
The Central People's Government was the central government of the People's Republic of China between 1 October 1949 and 20 September 1954. The government was formed in accordance with the Common Program and the Government Organic Law promulgated by the 1st National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

The Central People's Government served as the provisional government for exercising state power before the 1st National People's Congress (NPC) was elected to draft the new constitution of China. The government ceased to exist after the enactment of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China on 20 September 1954, and was reformed into the constitutional government of China.

Since 1954, the "Central People's Government" has been synonymous with the "State Council" in the current government of China.
VIT, C.A.
VIT, C.A. (Venezolana de Industria Tecnológica, Compañía Anónima) is a Venezuelan manufacturer of desktop computers and laptops, supported by the Venezuelan government and a Chinese information technology company Inspur (former Langchao (浪潮, tides)). The first computer they produced was called Computador Bolivariano (English: Bolivarian Computer), which came with the Kubuntu Linux operating system.

Since April 28, 2009, VIT computers are pre-installed with Canaima GNU/Linux.

By 2015, the second production line was expanded, which increased the assembly capacity of servers and computers by 150,000 units.

Inspur
Inspur Group is an information technology conglomerate in the People's Republic of China focusing on cloud computing, big data, key application hosts, servers, storage, artificial intelligence and ERP. On April 18, 2006, Inspur changed its English name from Langchao to Inspur. It is listed on the SSE, SZSE, and SEHK.
Traci Koster
Traci Koster (born June 15, 1985) is an attorney and politician who is the state representative for District 66 in Florida. A Republican, she was elected in 2020. The district covers parts of Hillsborough County and Pinellas County.

Pinellas County, Florida
Pinellas County (US: /pɪˈnɛləs/, pih-NEL-əss) is located on the west central coast of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 959,107, making it the seventh-most populous county in the state. It is also the most densely populated county in Florida, with 1,326 residents per square kilometer. The county is part of the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area. Clearwater is the county seat. St. Petersburg is the largest city in the county, as well as the largest city in Florida that is not a county seat.
Let You Know (Flume song)
"Let You Know" is a song by Australian electronic musician Flume, co-written by and featuring singer Hannah Reid of the English indie pop band London Grammar. It was released as a single on 12 June 2019, by Australian music label Future Classic. The track was first premiered on Annie Mac's BBC Radio 1 show.

London Grammar
London Grammar are an English indie pop band formed in Nottingham in 2009. The band consists of Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman, and Dominic "Dot" Major. Their debut extended play, Metal & Dust, was released in 2013 by Metal & Dust Recordings; their debut album, If You Wait (2013), reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Double Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The band's next two studio albums, Truth Is a Beautiful Thing (2017) and  
Californian Soil (2021), both reached number 1 on the UK Albums Chart.
Early participants in the Latter Day Saint movement
Early participants in the Latter Day Saint movement consist of those individuals who were involved in Joseph Smith's Latter Day Saint movement prior to Smith's departure for Ohio in January 1831.  Early participants also included the Three Witnesses and the Eight Witnesses to the Book of Mormon and members of the extended Whitmer and Smith families. Other early members included friends and acquaintances of the Smith and Whitmer families, such as Orrin Porter Rockwell.

Smith family (Latter Day Saints)
The Smith family is the name of an American family with many members prominent in religion and politics.  The family's most famous member was Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Many other members of the family took on leadership roles in various churches within the movement.
Cole Abate
Cole Abate (born November 16, 2004) is an American submission grappler, and black belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athlete.  A competitor since early child years with multiple juvenile titles, Abate won, as a 16-year-old blue belt, the 2021 ADCC East Coast Trials.

ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship
The ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship is an international submission grappling competition, organised by the Abu Dhabi Combat Club (ADCC). ADCC is considered one of the most prestigious No-Gi submission grappling tournaments in the world, and is commonly referred to as The Olympics of Grappling.

The inaugural tournament was held in Abu Dhabi, UAE in 1998 and is held every two years. Host countries have included Brazil, China, Finland, Spain, the UK, and the US. Competitors can only participate after winning ADCC trials or by invitation.
12th Louisiana Infantry Regiment
The 12th Louisiana Infantry Regiment was a unit of volunteers recruited in Louisiana that fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Formed in August 1861, the regiment served in the Western Theater of the American Civil War and was unique in that there were 12 companies. The regiment garrisoned Island Number Ten before being stationed at Fort Pillow. It fought at Second Corinth in 1862 and Champion Hill and Jackson in 1863. A detachment served during the Siege of Vicksburg and was captured. In 1864, the regiment fought in the Meridian, Atlanta, and Franklin–Nashville campaigns, suffering heavy losses at Peachtree Creek and Franklin. It fought at Bentonville in 1865 before surrendering with General Joseph E. Johnston.

Atlanta campaign
The Atlanta campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater of the American Civil War throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta during the summer of 1864. Union Maj. Gen.  William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, beginning in May 1864, opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.

Johnston's Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman's group of armies. In July, the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, replaced Johnston with the more aggressive General John B. Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of costly frontal assaults. Hood's army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, setting the stage for Sherman's March to the Sea and hastening the end of the war.
Siege of Shiraz
The Siege of Shiraz was a major engagement during the Hotak invasion of Persia, in which forces loyal to Mahmud Hotak besieged the Safavid stronghold of Shiraz in Fars Province. Beginning with the death in battle of the Afghan commander Nasrullah, the siege dragged on for nine months before famine compelled the city to surrender. Although exaggerated figures claim that over 100,000 people perished, the siege remains one of the bloodiest episodes of the Afghan occupation of Iran.

Mahmud Hotak
Shāh Mahmūd Hotak, (Pashto/Dari: شاه محمود هوتک) or Shāh Mahmūd Ghiljī (شاه محمود غلجي), also known by his epithet, The Conqueror (1697 – April 22, 1725), was the ruler of the Hotak dynasty who overthrew the Safavid dynasty to become the king of Persia from 1722 until his death in 1725.