hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium compounds
Magnesium compounds are compounds formed by the element magnesium (Mg). These compounds are important to industry and biology, including magnesium carbonate, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Epsom salts).

Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg2+ ions and O2− ions held together by ionic bonding. Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2), but it can be reversed by heating it to remove moisture.

Magnesium oxide was historically known as magnesia alba (literally, the white mineral from Magnesia), to differentiate it from magnesia nigra, a black mineral containing what is now known as manganese.
Tryptophan 2-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-tryptophan + O2  (indol-3-yl)acetamide + CO2 + H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and O2, and its 3 products are (indol-3-yl)acetamide, CO2, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tryptophan:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.
Jusuf Baftjari
Mulla Jusuf Baftjari, also known as Hoxhë Lipovica, was a prominent Albanian Imam, later Mullah, Kachak and Ballist commander during the Insurgency in Karadak in World War II, a region predominantly inhabited by Muslim Albanians. He participated in the popular resistance against the Bulgarian fascists, Yugoslav Partisans and Chetniks in the Karadak region. Jusuf Baftjari, was renowned for his wisdom and religious leadership and emerged as a prominent figure among the Albanians of Karadak. Jusuf Baftjari led significant battles in Karadak, Anamorava and Gollak including the one in Rainca of Presheva. On Eid al-Adha in 1944, Jusuf Baftjari organized and led the fighting during the First Battle of Preševo. Even after the end of World War II, Jusuf Baftjari continued the armed resistance against Yugoslavia, being one of the last Ballist leaders in Kosovo to do so.

Balli Kombëtar
The Balli Kombëtar (literally National Front) was an Albanian nationalist, collaborationist, and anti-communist resistance movement during the Second World War. It was led by Ali Këlcyra and Midhat Frashëri. The movement was formed by liberal nationalists, and other sections of society in Albania who were opposed to communism.

The motto of the Balli Kombëtar was: Shqipëria Shqiptarëve, Vdekje Tradhëtarëve (Albania to the Albanians, Death to the Traitors). Eventually, the Balli Kombëtar joined the Nazi Germany-established puppet government as part of the German occupation of Albania and fought as an ally against communist guerrilla groups. The Balli Kombëtar engaged in significant acts of terror culminating in atrocities committed against Serb and Greek civilians.
NAPTR record
A Name Authority Pointer (NAPTR) is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System of the Internet.

NAPTR records are most commonly used for applications in Internet telephony, for example, in the mapping of servers and user addresses in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).  The combination of NAPTR records with Service Records (SRV) allows the chaining of multiple records to form complex rewrite rules which produce new domain labels or uniform resource identifiers (URIs).

The DNS type code for the NAPTR record is 35.

Uniform Resource Identifier
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), formerly Universal Resource Identifier, is a unique sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource,: 1  such as resources on a webpage, email address, phone number,: 7  books, real-world objects such as people and places, and concepts.: 5

URIs which provide a means of locating and retrieving information resources on a network (either on the Internet or on another private network, such as a computer file system or an Intranet) are Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Therefore, URLs are a subset of URIs, i.e. every URL is a URI (and not necessarily the other way around).: 7  Other URIs provide only a unique name, without a means of locating or retrieving the resource or information about it; these are Uniform Resource Names (URNs). The web technologies that use URIs are not limited to web browsers.
Robert Southwell (lawyer)
Sir Robert Southwell (c. 1506 in Windham Manor, Norfolk – 1559 in Mereworth) was an English civil servant during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. He was elected Member of Parliament from Kent in October 1553 and in 1555. In January–February 1554 Southwell, then the High Sheriff of Kent, was one of the key loyalist officers engaged against the Wyatt's rebellion. According to D. M. Loades, "Sir Robert Southwell and Lord Abergavenny were almost the only significant gentlemen in the country whose loyalty was never in doubt. So resolute was Southwell's opposition to Wyatt that it is tempting to regard them as personal enemies, but .. there is no evidence for this."

High Sheriff of Kent
The high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (prior to 1974 the office previously known as sheriff). Formerly the high sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now obsolete, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial.  The high sheriff changes every March. The current High Sheriff is Jonathan Neame.

This is a list of high sheriffs of Kent.
Javi López (footballer, born 1986)
Javier 'Javi' López Rodríguez (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈβjeɾ ˈlopeθ]; born 21 January 1986) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played mainly as a full-back.

He spent the vast majority of his professional career with Espanyol, signing in 2007 and appearing in 283 competitive matches during his spell. In November 2020, he moved to the Australian A-League with Adelaide United.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Anthony Overton
Anthony Overton Jr. (March 18, 1864 – July 2, 1946), was an American banker and manufacturer.  He was the first African American to lead a major business conglomerate.

Overton owned Overton Hygienic Company, a successful home product and cosmetics firm.  His publications included Half Century Magazine and then the Chicago Bee.  He also owned the Great Northern Realty Company, and the Victory Life Insurance Company.

Half-Century Magazine
Half-Century Magazine was published from 1916 to 1925 for an African-American audience. It was named for the 50th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. The magazine included fashion advice. Anthony Overton founded the magazine. Despite Overton's role, Katherine E. Williams, who became Katherine Williams-Irvin, was listed as its owner and editor-in-chief. Overton advertised his company's beauty products line in the magazine. It was originally aimed at an audience of both women and men, but shifted its aim to women around 1918.
Samuel Cole (Wisconsin pioneer)
Samuel Cole IV (February 8, 1815 – September 8, 1885) was an American mechanic, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served four years in each house of the Wisconsin Legislature, representing Lafayette County.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate in 1861, 1862, 1865, and 1866, and was a member of the State Assembly in 1851,  1860, 1864, and 1868.

4th Wisconsin Legislature
The Fourth Wisconsin Legislature convened in regular session from January 8, 1851, to March 17, 1851. Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and served the first year of a two-year term.  Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election on November 5, 1850. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 6, 1849.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat Nelson Dewey, of Grant County, serving the second year of his second two-year term, having won re-election in the 1849 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
Uncobasidium
Uncobasidium is a genus of two species of crust fungi in the Meruliaceae family . The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Kurt Hjorstam and Leif Ryvarden in 1978 with the European fungus U. luteolum as the type species. The South American species U. roseocremeum was added to the genus in 2012. The distinguishing feature of Uncobasidium is the basal hook in the basidium.

Basidium
A basidium (pl.: basidia) is a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The presence of basidia is one of the main characteristic features of the group. These bodies are also called tertiary mycelia, which are highly coiled versions of secondary mycelia. A basidium usually bears four sexual spores called basidiospores. Occasionally the number may be two or even eight. Each reproductive spore is produced at the tip of a narrow prong or horn called a sterigma (pl. sterigmata), and is forcefully expelled at full growth.

The word basidium literally means "little pedestal". This is the way the basidium supports the spores. However, some biologists suggest that the structure looks more like a club. A partially grown basidium is known as a basidiole.
IBM 2365 Processor Storage
The IBM 2365 Processor Storage is  a magnetic-core memory storage unit that is a component of the IBM System/360 models 65, 67, 75 and 85 computers, which were released between 1965 and 1968.

Storage is implemented using magnetic cores with a storage width of 72 bits, which comprise 64 data bits (8 bytes, or one doubleword) plus 8 parity bits. The IBM 2365 model 1 contains 131,072 (128 K) bytes of memory; all other models contain 262,144 (256 K) bytes. The model 2 could be converted in the field to a model 13.

All models other than the model 1 consist of two memory stacks.  Addressing for the stacks is interleaved, so the first 64-bit word is in one stack, the second in the other stack, and so forth.  This improves performance when doing sequential access.

All models other than the model 5 have a cycle time of 750 nanoseconds.

Interleaved memory
In computing, interleaved memory is a design which compensates for the relatively slow speed of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or core memory, by spreading memory addresses evenly across memory banks.  That way, contiguous memory reads and writes use each memory bank in turn, resulting in higher memory throughput due to reduced waiting for memory banks to become ready for the operations.

It is different from multi-channel memory architectures, primarily as interleaved memory does not add more channels between the main memory and the memory controller.  However, channel interleaving is also possible, for example in freescale i.MX6 processors, which allow interleaving to be done between two channels.
Knut Løfsnes
Knut Ingolf Løfsnes (22 December 1918 – 5 January 1996) was a Norwegian resistance member, politician and lawyer. He was a central leader of the clandestine organization XU during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, leading the mid-Norway XU department from the Norwegian legation in Stockholm from 1942 to 1945. He was the first chairman of the Socialist People's Party, from 1961 to 1969.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Eun Soo-mi
Eun Soo-mi (Korean: 은수미, born 6 December 1963) is a South Korean activist and politician who served as a member of National Assembly from 2012 to 2016. She was elected as the Mayor of Seongnam in 2018, making her the first woman to hold the position.

2018 South Korean local elections
The 7th local elections were held in South Korea on 13 June 2018. The election coincided with the by-elections for the vacant seats in the National Assembly. The election was a landslide victory for the Democratic Party of Korea, the ruling party, after two successful summits with the third inter-Korean summit on 27 April and the first North Korea-United States summit in Singapore on 12 June.
Stefani Stoeva
Stefani Stoeva (Bulgarian: Стефани Стоева; born 23 September 1995) is a Bulgarian badminton player specializing in doubles. Her current partner is her older sister, Gabriela Stoeva. They competed at the 2016, 2020 and the 2024 Summer Olympics. The duo together have won gold medals in the 2015 and 2023 European Games and also four successive European Championships in 2018, 2021, 2022 and 2025 editions. Stefani Stoeva has also won some individual titles in women's singles competition.

Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
The badminton women's doubles tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place from 11 to 17 August at Riocentro - Pavilion 4. The seeding was decided on 21 July 2016.

Japan's Misaki Matsutomo and Ayaka Takahashi defeated Denmark's Christinna Pedersen and Kamilla Rytter Juhl 18–21, 21–9, 21–19, to win the gold medal in women's doubles badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics. It was Japan's first gold medal in Olympics badminton, and their win marked the first time since the debut of badminton as an Olympic sport in 1992 that a non-Chinese women's doubles team won the event. In the bronze-medal match, South Korea's Jung Kyung-eun and Shin Seung-chan defeated China's Tang Yuanting and Yu Yang 21–8, 21–17, marking the first time in Olympic badminton history that a Chinese team failed to podium in the women's doubles event.
Tamim al-Dari
Tamīm ibn Aws al-Dārī (Arabic: تميم بن أوس الداري, died 661) was a companion of Muhammad and an early convert from Christianity to Islam. In Islamic eschatology he is known for encountering Dajjal during one of his journeys. Tamim's story has become the bedrock of various Medieval narratives and legends, earning Tamim the title of "the intrepid traveler."

Al-Masih ad-Dajjal
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (Arabic: الْمَسِيحُ الدَّجَّالُ, romanized: Al-Masih ad-Dajjal, lit. 'the deceitful Messiah'), otherwise referred to simply as the Dajjal, is an antagonistic figure in Islamic apocalyptism who will pretend to be the promised Messiah and later claim to be God, appearing before the Day of Judgment according to the Islamic eschatological narrative.
The Dajjal is not mentioned in the Quran, but he is mentioned and described in the Hadith. Corresponding to the Antichrist in Christianity, the Dajjal is said to emerge out in the East, although the specific location varies among the various sources.

The Dajjal will imitate the miracles performed by Jesus, such as healing the sick and raising the dead, the latter done with the aid of demons. He will deceive many people, such as weavers, magicians, and children of fornication.
Farooque Ahmed
Farooque Ahmed (Urdu: فاروق احمد; born 1976) is a Pakistani-American from Ashburn, Virginia who was arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for plotting to bomb Washington Metro stations at Arlington Cemetery, Pentagon City, Crystal City, and Court House. He was charged with attempting to provide material support to a designated terrorist organization, collecting information to assist in planning a terrorist attack on a transit facility, and attempting to provide material support to terrorists. On April 11, 2011, he was sentenced to 23 years in prison after pleading guilty.

Arlington Cemetery station
Arlington Cemetery station is a side platformed Washington Metro station in Arlington, Virginia, United States. The station was opened on July 1, 1977, and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The station provides service for only the Blue Line, and is located at the entrance to Arlington National Cemetery, underneath Memorial Drive. There is no public parking near the station except at the cemetery, which is reserved for cemetery visitors. It is the only station that closes earlier than the rest of the system, closing at 7 PM from October to March and at 10 PM from April to September.

The station is one of three stations to be exclusively serviced by the Blue Line. The rest of the Blue Line's stations are shared with the Yellow Line to the south (except for two of the southernmost stations) and with the Orange Line and Silver Line to the north.
Orestes Cleveland
Orestes Cleveland (March 2, 1829 – March 30, 1896) was an American manufacturer and Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 5th congressional district for two terms from 1869 to 1871, and served two separate stints as Mayor of Jersey City.

Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey
The mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of the government of Jersey City, New Jersey. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and local ordinances, prepare the annual budget, appoint deputy mayors and department heads, and approve or veto ordinances passed by the Municipal Council. The mayor is popularly elected in a nonpartisan general election. The office is held for a four-year term without term limits.

Since the city was chartered on February 22, 1838, forty-four individuals have held the office of mayor. Dudley S. Gregory was the city's inaugural mayor and served on three separate occasions for a total of five years. The current mayor is James Solomon who assumed office on January 15, 2026, after defeating former state governor Jim McGreevey, in the December 2025 runoff election.
Heir (singer)
Patricia Matcin, known professionally as Patricia Manfield, is a Moldovan-Italian singer-songwriter based in London. As of 2018, she releases music under her pseudonym, Hēir.

Manfield became very popular in 2015, under the pseudonym of Patricia Manfield in the field of fashion, becoming one of the most influential Italy-based street fashion bloggers. Manfield has worked as a brand ambassador to many high-end fashion houses, such as Versace, Dior, and Fendi. In 2018, she decided to devote her time to pursuing a music career, changing her professional pseudonym to Hēir. Manfield has since signed a distribution deal with Sony Music Entertainment, and in March 2020, released her debut extended-play titled Daddy Issues, which has achieved over one million streams on Spotify.

Fendi
Fendi Srl (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfɛndi]) is an Italian luxury fashion house producing fur, ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, fragrances, eyewear, timepieces and accessories. Founded in Rome in 1925 by fashion designers Edoardo Fendi and Adele Casagrande, Fendi is known for its fur, fur accessories, and leather goods. Since 2001, Fendi has been part of the "Fashion & Leather Goods" division of the French group LVMH. Its headquarters are in Rome, in the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana.
Joseph Vivien
Joseph Vivien (1657 – 5 December 1735) was a French painter from Lyon.

He left Lyon for Paris at the age of twenty and found employment in the large atelier of Charles Le Brun, the equivalent of an academy.

He was received in the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1701, under the designation peintre en pastel. His morceaux de reception, pastel portraits of the sculptor François Girardon and the architect Robert de Cotte, are in the Louvre Museum.  He was appointed counsellor to the Academy and provided with lodging under royal auspices at the Gobelins Manufactory.

From Paris he visited Brussels. Vivien was taken up by the francophile Elector of Cologne and worked in Munich as first painter to the Elector's brother, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of Bavaria. At the time of his death in Bonn, he was engaged on a vast canvas combining portraits of the whole family of the Elector, in oils.

Maximilian II Emanuel
Maximilian II (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last governor of the Spanish Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.

He was born in Munich to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy.
Maurizio Noci
Maurizio Noci (10 August 1937 – 22 December 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, the Italian Senate and an undersecretary in the  Ministry of Agriculture and Forests. Prior to his career in national politics, he was the mayor of Crema from 1975 to 1979.

Crema, Lombardy
Crema (Italian: [ˈkrɛːma]; Cremish Lombard: Crèma) is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Cremona, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is built along the river Serio at 43 km (27 mi) from Cremona. It is also the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Crema, who gave the title of city to Crema.

Crema's main economic activities traditionally (since the 11th century) related to agriculture, cattle breeding and making wool, but its manufactures in later centuries include cheese, iron products and cotton and wool textiles.