hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Cambrai (1677)
The siege of Cambrai took place from 20 March to 19 April 1677 during the 1672–1678 Franco-Dutch War; then part of the Spanish Netherlands, it was invested by a French army under the duc de Luxembourg. Siege operations were supervised by the military engineer Vauban; Louis XIV was nominally in command but played little part in operations.

An attempt by a combined Dutch-Spanish force under William of Orange to relieve the nearby town of Saint-Omer was defeated by Luxembourg at Cassel on 11 April. Cambrai surrendered on 19 April and was ceded to France by Spain in the September 1678 Treaty of Nijmegen.

François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg
François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg (8 January 1628 – 4 January 1695), and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame" (Le Tapissier de Notre-Dame), was a French general and Marshal of France. A comrade and successor of the Great Condé, he was one of the most accomplished military commanders of the early modern period and is particularly noted for his exploits in the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Grand Alliance. Not imposing physically, as he was a slight man and hunchbacked, Luxembourg was nonetheless one of France's greatest generals.
Japanese submarine Ha-101
Ha-101 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-101-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in November 1944, she served during the final months of World War II, carrying out operations in Japanese waters and a single supply run. She surrendered at the end of the war in September 1945 and was disposed of in October 1945.

Ha-101-class submarine
The Ha-101-class submarine (波百一型潜水艦, Ha-hyaku-ichi-gata Sensuikan) was a transport submarine built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The IJN planned to build 12 boats, but only 10 vessels were completed by the end of the war. The IJN called these submarines Sen'yu-Shō type submarine (潜輸小型潜水艦, Sen-Yu-Ko-gata sensuikan). The type name was shortened to Yusō Sensuikan Ko-gata (輸送潜水艦小型, Transport Submarine-Small Type).

Several boats were converted to tankers or mother ships for Kō-hyōteki model D "Kōryū" (甲標的丁型 蛟龍) midget submarines.
Gerolstein
Gerolstein (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːʁɔlˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a town in the Vulkaneifel district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Gerolstein is a local municipality of the Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein. It has been approved as a Luftkurort (spa town).

Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)
Gerolstein is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Vulkaneifel, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Gerolstein. On 1 January 2019 it was expanded with the municipalities of the former Verbandsgemeinden Hillesheim and Obere Kyll.

The Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Esther Louise Georgette Deer
Esther Louise Georgette Deer (November 2, 1891 – February 1992) was a Native American dancer, singer, and activist. She was of the Mohawk tribe. She performed under the name Princess White Deer as part of The Famous Deer Brothers, a family stage act, which toured the United States, Europe and South Africa. She returned to America as the country was preparing to enter World War I, and participated in war bond rallies, where she was noticed by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. She joined his Ziegfeld Follies, and became one of its principal artists. She also lobbied to have the rights of Native Americans recognized in America.

Deer died at the age of 100.

Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.
Florenz Edward Ziegfeld Jr. (/ˈzɪɡfɛld/; March 21, 1867 – July 22, 1932) was an American Broadway impresario, notable for his series of theatrical revues, the Ziegfeld Follies (1907–1931), inspired by the Folies Bergère of Paris. He also produced the musical Show Boat. He was known as the "glorifier of the American girl". Ziegfeld is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.
Rhionaeschna californica
Rhionaeschna californica, the California darner, is a species of darner in the dragonfly family Aeshnidae. It is commonly found in Central America, along the West Coast of the United States, and in Southwestern Canada. The California darner prefers habitats like lakes, ponds, marshes and stream pools with edge vegetation including many with alkaline water conditions  Larvae sustain themselves on a diet of aquatic insects, very small fish and tadpoles. The adult-stage will eat almost any soft-bodied flying insect.

The IUCN conservation status of Rhionaeschna californica is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

Aeshnidae
Aeshnidae, also called aeshnids, hawkers, or darners, is a family of dragonflies, found nearly worldwide, with more than 50 genera and over 450 species.

The family includes some of the largest dragonflies, and can be over three inches long.
Shaylee Bent
Shaylee Bent (born 13 September 2000) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays as a second-rower for the Gold Coast Titans Women in the NRL Women's Premiership and the Wynnum Manly Seagulls in the QRL Women's Premiership.

She is a New South Wales, Indigenous All Stars and Australian representative.

NRL Women's Premiership
The NRL Women's Premiership (NRLW) also known as the Telstra NRL Women's Premiership due to sponsorship is a rugby league competition in Australasia for female players. The league is run by the National Rugby League (NRL) and is contested by a subset of clubs from that competition. Currently, the league contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.

The current Premiers are the Brisbane Broncos.
Bates Motel season 4
The fourth season of Bates Motel aired from March 7 to May 16, 2016. The season consisted of 10 episodes and aired on A&E. The series itself is described as a "contemporary prequel" to the 1960 film Psycho, following the life of Norman Bates and his mother Norma prior to the events portrayed in the Hitchcock film. The series takes place in the fictional town of White Pine Bay, Oregon.

The season received critical acclaim from television critics, and was nominated for two Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. It also won three People's Choice Awards for Cable TV Drama, Cable TV Actress (Farmiga), and Cable TV Actor (Highmore). Bates Motel's fourth season maintained consistent ratings throughout its airing, with the season premiere drawing in 1.55 million viewers and the finale totalling 1.50 million. The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on October 18, 2016.

Norma Bates (Psycho)
Norma Bates (née Spool or Calhoun, also known simply as Mrs. Bates) is a fictional character created by American author  Robert Bloch in his 1959 thriller novel Psycho. She is the deceased mother and victim of serial killer Norman Bates, who had recreated her in his mind as a murderous alternate personality.

Although an important character to the Psycho story, Norma is deceased from the beginning of the films. She is not depicted as a living character until the prequel Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990), where she is portrayed by Olivia Hussey. Vera Farmiga later portrayed Norma in the television series Bates Motel (2013–2017).
Anna Swenn-Larsson
Grund Anna Swenn-Larsson (born 18 June 1991) is a Swedish World Cup alpine ski racer who specialises in slalom. Swenn-Larsson competed for Sweden in four Winter Olympics and five World Championships. She won a silver medal in slalom at the 2019 World Championships in Åre, and a bronze medal in slalom at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

She made her World Cup debut in a slalom at Courchevel in December 2010 and placed 26th; her first podium came on home snow at Åre in March 2014.

Her first World Cup victory came in November 2022 in a slalom at Killington, shared with Wendy Holdener.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Leishman stain
Leishman stain, also known as Leishman's stain, is used in microscopy for staining blood smears. It is generally used to differentiate between and identify white blood cells, malaria parasites, and trypanosomas. It is based on a methanolic mixture of "polychromed" methylene blue (i.e. demethylated into various azures) and eosin. The methanolic stock solution is stable and also serves the purpose of directly fixing the smear eliminating a prefixing step. If a working solution is made by dilution with an aqueous buffer, the resulting mixture is very unstable and cannot be used for long. Leishman stain is named after its inventor, the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman. It is a version of the Romanowsky stain, and is thus similar to and partially replaceable by Giemsa stain, Jenner's stain, and Wright's stain.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
Mohammad Saleh Bhootani
Sardar Mohammad Saleh Bhootani is a Pakistani politician, who served as the Provincial Minister for Local Government and Rural Development from 8 September 2018 to 12 August 2023. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan during the same period.

Earlier, he briefly held the portfolio of Provincial Minister for Food, Law and Parliamentary Affairs from 30 August to 8 September 2018. Bhootani has had a long-standing political career, having first served as a member of the Balochistan Assembly from 1985 to 1999 and later from May 2013 to May 2018. He also held the position of Caretaker Chief Minister of Balochistan from November 2007 to April 2008.

His hometown is Dureji which is located in Hub District, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Provincial Assembly of Balochistan
The Provincial Assembly of Balochistan is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, and is located in Quetta, the provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 65 seats, with 51 general seats, 11 seats reserved for women and 3 reserved for non-Muslims. 
The Assembly has 51 directly elected Members of the Provincial Assembly, representing constituencies from each district, as well as 11 seats reserved for women and 3 for non-Muslims.
The Vulcan Affair
"The Vulcan Affair" is the first episode of the television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. It was edited from the pilot, "Solo", which was shot in colour, but was broadcast in black-and-white, to conform with the rest of the first season. It was first broadcast in the United States on NBC on September 22, 1964. The hero is Napoleon Solo and his antagonist is Andrew Vulcan, an evil scientist working with THRUSH. The episode was subsequently expanded with additional footage and released in colour as the feature-length movie, To Trap a Spy.

Napoleon Solo
Napoleon Solo is a fictional character from the 1960s TV spy series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. The series format was notable for pairing the American Solo, played by Robert Vaughn, and the Russian Illya Kuryakin, played by David McCallum, as two spies who work together for an international espionage organisation at the height of the Cold War.
Foundation Seamounts
Foundation Seamounts are a series of seamounts in the southern Pacific Ocean. Discovered in 1992, these seamounts form a 1,350-kilometre-long (840 mi) chain which starts from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. Some of these seamounts may have once emerged from the ocean.

The Foundation Seamounts were probably formed by a now-weakening mantle plume called the Foundation hotspot that is located close to the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. It is possible that this hotspot generated additional volcanoes, such as the Ngatemato and Taukina seamounts farther west. The oldest volcanism on the Foundation Seamounts occurred 21 million years ago, while the youngest volcanism appears to be hydrothermal venting and the eruption of a lava flow between 1997 and 2001 where the Foundation Seamounts intersect the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge.

Taukina seamounts
27°S 141°W﻿ / ﻿27°S 141°W﻿ / -27; -141
Taukina seamounts are a series of seamounts on the Pacific Plate. The Macdonald hotspot and the Ngatemato seamounts are located nearby. The Taukina and Ngatemato seamounts were discovered in 1996 by the RV Maurice Ewing and both are named after families in Rapa Iti.

The Taukina seamounts are formed by small volcanoes, with heights of 1,500–1,000 metres (4,900–3,300 ft) and widths of 6–10 kilometres (3.7–6.2 mi). They often feature a caldera on their summit. Tholeiitic rocks make up the seamounts.

The shape of the Taukina seamounts resembles that of the seamounts that form on the East Pacific Rise. An alternate theory of origin is that the Ngatemato seamounts deformed the Pacific plate enough with their weight to trigger the eruption of magma.
John Beaglehole
John Cawte Beaglehole OM CMG (13 June 1901 – 10 October 1971) was a New Zealand historian whose greatest scholastic achievement was the editing of James Cook's three journals of exploration, together with the writing of an acclaimed biography of Cook, published posthumously.

He had a lifelong association with Victoria University College, which became Victoria University of Wellington, and after his death it named the archival collections after him.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Chevrolet HHR
The Chevrolet HHR (an initialism for Heritage High Roof) is a retro-styled, high-roofed, five-door, five-passenger, front-wheel drive wagon  designed by Bryan Nesbitt and launched by the American automaker Chevrolet at the 2005 Los Angeles Auto Show as a 2006 model.

The HHR shares the GM Delta platform with the Chevrolet Cobalt, Pontiac G5, and Saturn Ion. Chevrolet also marketed a panel van variant of the HHR beginning in 2007.  Assembled in Ramos Arizpe, Mexico and marketed throughout North America, production of the HHR ended in May 2011.

Model year
The model year (sometimes abbreviated as MY) is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured.
Brazil–Ecuador relations
Diplomatic relations between Brazil and Ecuador have existed since the mid-19th century and have been historically friendly. Both countries participate in multiple South America-based blocs; Mercosur, CELAC, and the Andean Community. The President of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, has offered cooperation between the countries during the Ecuadorian security crisis. However, tensions arose in 2024 when Ecuador raided Mexico's embassy in Quito; Brazil criticized Ecuador for perpetrating the incident.

2024 raid on the Mexican embassy in Quito
On 5 April 2024, the Mexican embassy in Quito was raided by Ecuadorian police and military forces. Mexico and numerous other countries decried the raid as a violation of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the 1954 Caracas Convention on Diplomatic Asylum.

The raid was carried out to arrest the former vice president of Ecuador, Jorge Glas, who had been sentenced for corruption and had been living in the embassy since 17 December 2023. A few hours before the attack, he had been granted political asylum.

The assault led to Mexico severing its relations with Ecuador. The following day, Nicaragua followed suit in solidarity with Mexico. Venezuela closed its embassy and consulates in Ecuador due to the raid, condemning Ecuador's actions.
Arthur Hope, 2nd Baron Rankeillour
Arthur Oswald James Hope, 2nd Baron Rankeillour GCIE MC (7 May 1897 – 26 May 1958) was a British politician, soldier and administrator. He was a Conservative and served as Member of Parliament for Nuneaton from 1924 to 1929 and for Birmingham Aston from 1931 to 1939, after which he was Governor of the Madras Presidency of British India from 1940 to 1946.

Hope was born to James Hope, 1st Baron Rankeillour in 1897 and had his early education in England. He served with distinction in France during the First World War and entered public life soon after his military service was over.

Hope married Grizel Gilmour (daughter of Brig.-Gen. Sir Robert Wolrige Gordon, 8th of Craigmillar and 13th of Liberton, 1st Bt. and Lady Susan Lygon) in 1919 and had four daughters. He died on 26 May 1958, nineteen days after his 61st birthday.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Fishguard Bay
Fishguard Bay (Welsh: Bae Abergwaun) is a bay on the north Pembrokeshire coast, Wales. It opens north into Cardigan Bay and features rugged cliffs, tiny coves and the sheltered Fishguard Harbour and port of Lower Fishguard. Ferries from Fishguard cross to Ireland, and numerous activities are carried out in this holiday area.

Goodwick
Goodwick (/ˈɡʊdɪk/; Welsh: Wdig) is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, immediately west of its twin town of Fishguard.

Fishguard and Goodwick form a community that wraps around Fishguard Bay. As well as the two towns, it consists of Dyffryn, Stop-and-Call, Harbour Village, Lower Town, and Penyraber. A Goodwick electoral ward exists covering the town with a total population of 1,988 at the 2011 census.
Prutaš
Prutaš is a mountain peak in Durmitor Massif with an elevation of 2,393 meters (7,851 ft). It is noted for its distinctive appearance characterized by vertical sedimentary rock layers and is considered one of the premier viewpoints in the Durmitor National Park.

Durmitor
Durmitor (Montenegrin: Дурмитор, pronounced [durmǐtɔr] or [dǔrmitɔr]) is a massif located in northwestern Montenegro. It is part of the Dinaric Alps. Its highest peak, Bobotov Kuk, reaches a height of 2,523 meters (8,278 ft).

The massif is limited by the Tara River Canyon on the north, the Piva River Canyon on the west, and by the Komarnica River Canyon on the south. To the east, the Durmitor opens to a 1,500 m (4,921 ft) high plateau, called Jezerska površ (Plateau of Lakes). Mount Sinjavina is located to the east of the Jezerska površ plateau. The Durmitor is for the most part located in the Žabljak municipality.

The massif gives its name to the national park that comprises it. Durmitor National Park was founded in 1952, and designated as a World Heritage Site in 1980.
Guillaume Carlier
Guillaume Carlier is a French mathematician. Most of his work lies in the field of calculus of variation and optimization. He is a professor of applied mathematics at Paris Dauphine University and a researcher at Mokaplan, a joint INRIA-CNRS-Université Paris-Dauphine team dedicated to research in the field of optimal transport.

Transportation theory (mathematics)
In mathematics and economics, transportation theory or transport theory is a name given to the study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources. The problem was formalized by the French mathematician Gaspard Monge in 1781.

In the 1920s A. N. Tolstoi was one of the first to study the transportation problem mathematically. In 1930, in the collection Transportation Planning Volume I for the National Commissariat of Transportation of the Soviet Union, he published a paper "Methods of Finding the Minimal Kilometrage in Cargo-transportation in space".

Major advances were made in the field during World War II by the Soviet mathematician and economist Leonid Kantorovich. Consequently, the problem as it is stated is sometimes known as the Monge–Kantorovich transportation problem. The linear programming formulation of the transportation problem is also known as the Hitchcock–Koopmans transportation problem.
144th Guards Motor Rifle Division
The 144th Guards Yelnya Red Banner Order of Suvorov Motor Rifle Division (Russian: 144-я гвардейская мотострелковая Ельнинская Краснознамённая, ордена Суворова дивизия) is a motorized infantry division of the Russian Ground Forces, reestablished in 2016 with its headquarters at Yelnya, Smolensk Oblast.

Yelnya, Yelninsky District, Smolensk Oblast
Yelnya (Russian: Е́льня) is a town and the administrative center of Yelninsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Desna River, 82 kilometers (51 mi) from Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast. The population was  10,095 (2010 Census); 10,798 (2002 Census); 9,868 (1989 Soviet census).
Jiří Fichtl
Jiří Fichtl (16 February 1921 – 12 November 2003), was a Czech chess International Master (1959), Czechoslovak Chess Championship winner (1960), Chess Olympiad individual medalist (1958), European Team Chess Championship team and individual medalist (1957).

Chess Olympiad
The Chess Olympiad is a biennial chess tournament in which teams representing nations of the world compete. FIDE organises the tournament and selects the host nation. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, FIDE held an Online Chess Olympiad in 2020 and 2021, with a rapid time control that affected players' online ratings.
Stacey W. Wade
Stacey Wilson Wade (August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1956) was an American politician and businessman who served as North Carolina Commissioner of Insurance from 1921 to 1927 and North Carolina Secretary of State from 1933 to 1936.

North Carolina Commissioner of Insurance
The commissioner of insurance is a statewide elected office in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The commissioner is a constitutional officer who leads the state's Department of Insurance and sits on the North Carolina Council of State. The current commissioner is Mike Causey, who has held that office since January 1, 2017.