hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Interdictum de homine libero exhibendo
The interdictum de homine libero exhibendo was a form of interdictum in Roman law ordering a man who unlawfully holds a free man as a slave to produce this man in court. In modern Roman-Dutch law it has been developed into a mechanism to challenge unlawful detention, equivalent to the writ of habeas corpus in English common law.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Joelton, Tennessee
Joelton is a neighborhood of Nashville in Davidson County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Joelton is governed by the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County, because the government of Davidson County is consolidated with that of Nashville. Joelton's zip code also includes a portion in Cheatham County. In 2025, Joelton's zip code population was estimated at 7,429.

Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County
The Metropolitan Council (officially the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County) is the legislative body of the consolidated city-county government of Nashville, Tennessee and Davidson County.
Herbie Farnworth
Herbert John Felix Farnworth (born 23 December 1999) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Dolphins in the National Rugby League (NRL) in Australia, and England at international level.

Farnworth previously played for the Brisbane Broncos in the NRL. He was shortlisted for the Golden Boot award in 2024 and earned inclusion in consecutive Dally M Teams of the Year (2023 and 2024).

Dally M Awards
The Dally M Awards are the official annual player awards for the National Rugby League competition. As well as honouring the player of the year, who received the Dally M Medal, awards are also given to the premier player in each position, the best coach, the best captain, representative player of the year and the most outstanding rookie of the season. The awards are named in honour of Australian former rugby league great Herbert Henry "Dally" Messenger.
1996 Miller 500 (Dover)
The 1996 Miller 500 was the 12th stock car race of the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 28th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, June 2, 1996, in Dover, Delaware at Dover International Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 500 laps to complete. At race's end, Hendrick Motorsports driver Jeff Gordon would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to take his 13th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fourth victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte and Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt would finish second and third, respectively.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
Mamoiada
Mamoiada (Sardinian: Mamujada) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 110 km (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of Nuoro. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,582 and an area of 49.0 square kilometres (18.9 sq mi).

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the mamuthones and issohadores. The local museum houses some masks also from other part of Sardinia and Europe.

Mamoiada borders the following municipalities: Fonni, Gavoi, Nuoro, Ollolai, Orani, Orgosolo, Sarule.

Nuoro
Nuoro (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnuːoro] ⓘ or less correctly [ˈnwɔːro]; Sardinian: Nùgoro [ˈnuɣɔɾɔ]) is a city and municipality in central-eastern Sardinia in Italy, situated on the slopes of Mount Ortobene. It is the capital and largest city of the province of Nuoro. As of 2025, with a population of 33,106, it is the sixth-largest city in Sardinia. Its frazione (borough) of Lollove is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

As the birthplace of several renowned artists, including writers, poets, painters and sculptors, Nuoro hosts some of the most important museums in Sardinia. It is considered an important cultural center of the region and it has been referred to as the "Sardinian Athens". Nuoro is the hometown of Grazia Deledda, the only Italian woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Woodvale F.C. (Northern Ireland)
Woodvale Football Club is a Northern Irish, intermediate football club playing in Division 1C of the Northern Amateur Football League. The club is based in Belfast, and was formed in 1990 as 99th BB Old Boys. The club plays in the Irish Cup.

Northern Amateur Football League
The Northern Amateur Football League, also known as the Northern Amateur League and often simply as the Amateur League, is an association football league in Northern Ireland. It contains 13 divisions. These comprise four intermediate sections: the Premier Division, Division 1A, Division 1B and Division 1C; three junior sections: Division 2A, Division 2B and Division 2C; and six reserve sections.
Johann Gramp
Johann Gramp (28 August 1819 – 9 August 1903) was a Bavarian-born Australian winemaker, local politician and citrus-grower. He is best known for founding Orlando Wines in the Barossa Valley, South Australia, Australia.

Barossa Valley
The Barossa Valley (Barossa German: Barossa Tal) is a valley in South Australia located 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Adelaide city centre. The valley is formed by the North Para River. It is notable as a major wine-producing region and tourist destination.

The Barossa Valley Way is the main road through the valley, connecting the main towns on the valley floor of Nuriootpa, Tanunda, Rowland Flat and Lyndoch. The Barossa Trail walking and cycling path is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, and passes the main towns, starting from near Gawler on the Adelaide Plains, to Angaston to the east of the valley.
Tribunal de commerce de Paris
The Tribunal de commerce de Paris ("Paris commercial court[house]"), until 1968 Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, refers both to the tribunal de commerce of Paris, a commercial court, and to the building that hosts it on the Île de la Cité in Paris. Because that building's main entrance is on the quai de la Corse, the phrase Quai de la Corse is used as a nickname for the court, not least with reference to its role in corporate insolvencies.

Tribunal de commerce
In France, the tribunal de commerce (plural tribunaux de commerce, literally "commercial courts") are the oldest courts in the French judicial organization. They were created at the end of the Middle Ages.

48°51′21″N 2°20′48″E﻿ / ﻿48.8559°N 2.3468°E﻿ / 48.8559; 2.3468

The commercial court has jurisdiction over commercial cases: disputes between merchants, disputes over commercial acts, controversies involving commercial corporations, and bankruptcy proceedings.

The judges of the commercial courts are not career judges but elected traders. They are elected for terms of two or four years by an electoral college made up of current and former judges of the commercial courts and traders’ delegates (délégués consulaires), who are themselves traders elected in the area within the jurisdiction of the court.

There are 134 commercial courts in France.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is a method of mass spectrometry in which an ion's mass-to-charge ratio is determined by a time of flight measurement. Ions are accelerated by an electric field of known strength. This acceleration results in an ion having the same kinetic energy as any other ion that has the same charge. The velocity of the ion depends on the mass-to-charge ratio (heavier ions of the same charge reach lower speeds, although ions with higher charge will also increase in velocity). The time that it subsequently takes for the ion to reach a detector at a known distance is measured. This time will depend on the velocity of the ion, and therefore is a measure of its mass-to-charge ratio. From this ratio and known experimental parameters, one can identify the ion.

Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.
Natalie Rogers
Natalie Rogers (1928–2015) was an early contributor to the field of humanistic psychology, person centered psychology, expressive arts therapy, and the founder of Person-Centered Expressive Arts.  This combination of the arts with psychotherapy is sometimes referred to by Rogers as The Creative Connection. The daughter of Carl Rogers, one of the founders of humanistic psychology, she established her own center, the Person-Centered Expressive Therapy Institute. Her writings, teachings, and practice introduced many to the power of creative arts for healing both within and outside the therapeutic setting.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
Zack Bluestone
Zachary Maxwell "Zack" Bluestone (born 1986) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri since 2025. He was previously an assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri.

Assistant United States Attorney
An assistant United States attorney (AUSA) is a career civil servant lawyer in the United States Department of Justice who serves under the United States Attorney for a federal judicial district. AUSAs represent the U.S. federal government in civil and appellate litigation and in federal criminal prosecutions. Those assigned to the criminal section of a U.S. Attorney's Office are commonly known as federal prosecutors.

AUSAs are rarely hired directly out of law school and often have significant experience before entering the U.S. Attorney’s Office.
Mosharraf Hossain (politician, born 1943)
Mosharraf Hossain (known as Engineer Mosharraf Hossain; born 12 January 1943) is a Bangladeshi politician, freedom fighter, and an industrialist. He is a former member of the Bangladesh Parliament and former minister of the Ministry of Housing and Public Works. After his graduation from University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore in 1966 he joined politics and was elected as a Member of the Provincial Assembly (MPA) of what was then East Pakistan in 1970. In the political arena, he is the presidium member (no. 1), the highest policy-making post of the Awami League, the oldest and traditional political organization of the country. His constituency is Chittagong-1 (Mirsharai). He served the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism in the Awami League government in 1996. He made significant contributions to the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He served as the minister in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Public Works till 6 January 2019.

Ministry of Housing and Public Works
The  Ministry of Housing and Public Works (Bengali: গৃহায়ন ও গণপূর্ত মন্ত্রণালয়; Gr̥hāẏana ō gaṇapūrta mantraṇālaẏa) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for housing policy, urban development, and the regulation and implementation of public construction activities across the country.
Winter Camp Creek
Winter Camp Creek is a stream in Kingfisher and Canadian counties, Oklahoma, United States, which feeds into Kingfisher Creek. The creek flows approximately 24 miles through a watershed of about 74,000 acres before joining Kingfisher Creek near the town of Kingfisher.

Kingfisher County, Oklahoma
Kingfisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,184.  Its county seat is Kingfisher. The county was formed in 1890 and named Kingfisher by a vote of residents.

The land was given to the Creek Nation by the federal government, but was taken back after the American Civil War.
Maria Francisca, Duchess of Coimbra
Maria Francisca of Braganza (born 3 March 1997), is the second child and only daughter of the pretender to the defunct Portuguese throne, Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, and Isabel de Herédia. She is a claimant to the courtesy titles of Infanta of Portugal and Duchess of Coimbra.

Isabel de Herédia
Isabel, Duchess of Braganza (née Isabel Inês de Castro Curvello de Herédia; born 22 November 1966) is a Portuguese noblewoman and wife of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, the current pretender to the defunct Portuguese throne.

Born into the family of an old Portuguese nobility, Isabel worked as an assets manager before to her marriage. Since marrying Duarte Pio, Isabel has ceased to have paid employment and become patron to several Portuguese charities and non-profit foundations. She and her husband have had three children together, securing the continuation of the House of Braganza.
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sibylle Calma Marie Alice Bathildis Feodora; 18 January 1908 – 28 November 1972) was a member of the Swedish royal family and the mother of the current king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf.

Born into the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Sibylla was the daughter of Charles Edward, the last duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She became a Swedish princess when she married Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten in 1932. She thus had the prospect of one day becoming queen, but the prince was killed in an airplane crash in 1947 and did not live to ascend the Swedish throne. Her son became king the year after her death.

Gustaf VI Adolf
Gustaf VI Adolf (Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf; 11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death in 1973. He was the eldest son of Gustaf V and his wife, Victoria of Baden. Before Gustaf Adolf acceded to the throne, he was crown prince for nearly 43 years during his father's reign. As king, and shortly before his death, he gave his approval to constitutional changes which removed the Swedish monarchy's last political powers. He was a lifelong amateur archeologist particularly interested in Ancient Italian cultures.
Tsai Mi-ching
Tsai Mi-ching (Chinese: 蔡明祺; pinyin: Cài Míngqí; born 1955) is a Taiwanese physicist and engineering scientist. He was the Deputy Minister of Science and Technology from 20 May 2016 to 10 February 2017.

National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan)
The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC; 國家科學及技術委員會) is a statutory agency of Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the promotion and funding of  academic research, development of science and technology and science parks. NSTC is a member of Belmont Forum.
Bill Bleil
Bill Bleil (born February 23, 1959) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the offensive line coach for the Pittsburg State University, a position he has held since 2024. He played college football at Northwestern (IA) and has also coached the New Mexico Highlands, Dana, Eastern New Mexico, Northwestern University, Pacific (CA), Western Carolina, South Dakota, Northern Illinois, Pittsburgh, Akron, Iowa State, Rhode Island, Missouri Southern, Lamar, Mary Hardin–Baylor, and Stephen F. Austin.

Eastern New Mexico Greyhounds
The Eastern New Mexico Greyhounds are the athletic teams that represent Eastern New Mexico University, located in Portales, New Mexico, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Greyhounds compete as members of the Lone Star Conference for all 12 varsity sports. Until 2015, Eastern New Mexico had used Zias for the names of female sports teams, but the school announced that Eastern New Mexico will end the use of the Zias name for the female teams, choosing to have Greyhounds for both male and female teams.
Henry Ciccarone
Henry A. "Chic" Ciccarone (February 8, 1938 – November 16, 1988) was an American college lacrosse coach. He was the head coach of the lacrosse team at Johns Hopkins University from 1975 to 1983 during which time he amassed a 105–16 record, including an undefeated record in 1979. Ciccarone guided the Blue Jays to three consecutive national championships from 1978 to 1980. He was inducted into the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 1987.

Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse
The Johns Hopkins Blue Jays men's lacrosse team represents Johns Hopkins University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college lacrosse.
Since 2015, the Blue Jays have represented the Big Ten Conference.
2009–10 Belgian Second Division
The 2009–10 season of the Belgian Second Division (also known as EXQI League for sponsorship reasons) started on Wednesday 19 August and is the second tier football league in Belgium. The league was played by 19 teams, with 36 matchdays, so each team plays the 18 other teams twice. The season was divided into 2 periods. Each period winner qualifies for the Belgian Second Division final round.

Belgian Second Division play-offs
The Belgian Second Division play-offs were a series of playoff matches to decide promotion to the Belgian Pro League, organised between 1974 and 2015. Following a large reform of the Belgian football league system at the end of the 2015–16 season, the play-offs were no longer held. 
In the earlier years these play-offs were contested by teams of the Belgian Second Division but since 2009 also a team from the Belgian Pro League took part. Four teams normally played these play-offs, with the winner being promoted to (or avoiding relegation from) the Belgian Pro League.
Proto-Ionians
The Proto-Ionians are the hypothetical earliest speakers of the Ionic dialects of Ancient Greek, chiefly in the works of Jean Faucounau. The relation of Ionic to the other Greek dialects has been subject to some debate. It is mostly grouped with Arcadocypriot as opposed to Doric, reflecting two waves of migration into Greece following the Proto-Greek period, but sometimes also as separate from Arcadocypriot on equal footing with Doric, suggesting three distinct waves of migration.

Ionic Greek
Ionic or Ionian Greek (Ancient Greek: Ἰωνική, romanized: Iōnikḗ) was a subdialect of the Eastern or Attic–Ionic dialect group of Ancient Greek. The Ionic group traditionally comprises three dialectal varieties that were spoken in Euboea (West Ionic), the northern Cyclades (Central Ionic), and from c. 1000 BC onward in Asiatic Ionia (East Ionic), where Ionian colonists from Athens founded their cities. Ionic was the base of several literary language forms of the Archaic and Classical periods, both in poetry and prose. The works of Homer and Hesiod are among the most popular poetic works that were written in a literary form of the Ionic dialect, known as Epic or Homeric Greek. The oldest Greek prose, including that of Heraclitus, Herodotus, Democritus, and Hippocrates, was also written in Ionic. By the end of the 5th century BC, Ionic was supplanted by Attic, which had become the dominant dialect of the Greek world.
Edo Ronald de Kloet
Edo Ronald de Kloet (born August 19, 1944) is a Dutch neuroendocrinologist and Academy Professor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Emeritus Professor at Leiden University. He is a highly productive and cited researcher, known for his work on the neuroendocrinology of stress and adaptation.

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbr. KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam.

In addition to various advisory and administrative functions it operates a number of research institutes and awards many prizes, including the Lorentz Medal in theoretical physics, the Dr Hendrik Muller Prize for Behavioural and Social Science and the Heineken Prizes.
Coole Park
Coole Park is a nature reserve of approximately 1,000 acres (4 km2) located a few miles west of Gort, County Galway, Ireland.
It is managed by the Irish National Parks & Wildlife Service, part of the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
The park is in a low–lying karstic limestone area characterised by seasonal lakes, known as turloughs, which are almost unique to Ireland. It has extensive woodlands. There are 6 kilometres of signposted nature trails plus a formal late 18th century walled garden.

Turlough (lake)
A turlough (turloch or turlach in Irish) is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. The name comes from the Irish tur, meaning "dry", and loch, meaning "lake". The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone.

Turloughs are almost unique to Ireland, although there is one example in Wales, Pant-y-Llyn at Cernydd Carmel near Llandeilo. They are of great interest to many scientists: geomorphologists are interested in how turloughs were formed, hydrologists try to explain what makes turloughs flood, botanists study the unusual vegetation which covers the turlough floor, and zoologists study the animals associated with the turloughs.
Daniel Ekedo
Daniel Vladmir Ekedo Chigozirim (born 19 September 1989) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder. Born and raised in Nigeria to Nigerian parents, he has played in the Equatoguinean league and subsequently capped for the Equatorial Guinea national team.

Equatorial Guinea national football team
The Equatorial Guinea national football team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol de Guinea Ecuatorial) represents Equatorial Guinea in men's international football and is controlled by the Equatoguinean Football Federation, a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations on five occasions, the first two times as hosts (in 2012 and 2015). They finished in fourth place in 2015, and reached the quarter-finals in 2012 and 2021.