hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nitisinone
Nitisinone, sold under the brand name Orfadin among others, is a medication used for the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1; or for the reduction of urine homogentisic acid in adults with alkaptonuria. Nitisinone is a hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor.

It is available as a generic medication.

Homogentisic acid
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. It is oxidatively dimerised to form hipposudoric acid, one of the main constituents of the 'blood sweat' of hippopotamuses.

It is less commonly known as melanic acid, the name chosen by William Prout.
Aletha C. Huston
Aletha C. Huston is an American developmental psychologist and professor known for her research on the effects of poverty on children, on how child care and income support policies impact children's development, and for ground-breaking research on the impact of television and media usage on child development. Huston is the Priscilla Pond Flawn Regents Professor Emeritus in Child Development at the University of Texas at Austin.

Huston has received numerous research rewards including the APA Urie Bronfenbrenner Award for Lifetime Contributions to Developmental Psychology, the APA Nicholas Hobbs Award for Research and Child Advocacy, and the SRCD Award for Contributions to Child Development and Public policy. Huston has trained a number of eminent media researchers including Sandra L. Calvert, Rosemarie Truglio, and  Ellen Wartella.

Society for Research in Child Development
The Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) is a professional society for the field of human development, focusing specifically on child development.  It is a multidisciplinary, not-for-profit, professional association with a membership of approximately 5,500 researchers, practitioners, and human development professionals from over 50 countries.  The purposes of the society are to promote multidisciplinary research in the field of human development, to foster the exchange of information among scientists and other professionals of various disciplines, and to encourage applications of research findings.
Udma Assembly constituency
Udma State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is C. H. Kunhambu of CPI(M).

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
2018 Adriatica Ionica Race
The 2018 Adriatica Ionica Race/Following the Serenissima Routes was a five-stage men's professional road cycling race.

It was the first edition of the Adriatica Ionica Race/Following the Serenissima Routes. The race started with a team time trial on 20 June in Musile di Piave and finished on 24 June in Trieste. The race is part of the UCI Europe Tour, and is categorised by the UCI as a 2.1 race. The race was won by the Colombian rider Iván Sosa (Androni Giocattoli–Sidermec).

Musile di Piave
Musile di Piave (Italian: [muˈziːle di ˈpjaːve]; Venetian: Muxil [muˈzil]) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, northern Italy.

The Piave River flows through the town, which was relevant during World War I due to the river's strategic importance. In 1918 it was occupied by the Austrians.
WireframeSketcher
WireframeSketcher is a wireframing tool developed by Peter Severin and first released in November 2008. WireframeSketcher software is a member of Eclipse Foundation. It is used for creating wireframes, mockups and prototypes for desktop, web and mobile applications. It allows the designer to create screens by arranging pre-built widgets using a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG editor and then organize screens into interactive storyboards. The application is offered in a desktop version as well as a plug-in for any Eclipse IDE such as Flash Builder, ColdFusion Builder, Aptana, MyEclipse and Zend Studio. WireframeSketcher is a general purpose tool, but it also provides specialized widget libraries for Android, iOS and Windows Phone.

Eclipse Foundation
The Eclipse Foundation AISBL is an independent, not-for-profit organization chartered in the European Union that acts as a steward of the Eclipse open source software development community. It has over 350 members, and represents the world's largest sponsored collection of Open Source projects and developers. The Foundation focuses on key services such as intellectual property (IP) management, ecosystem development, and IT infrastructure.
Liu Yuxiang
Liu Yuxiang (simplified Chinese: 刘玉香; traditional Chinese: 劉玉香; pinyin: Liú Yùxiāng; born 11 October 1975 in Hengyang, Hunan) is a Chinese judoka who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

Liu won abronze medal in the half lightweight class in 2000. Four years later she was eliminated in the round of 16 of the lightweight class.

Judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 57 kg
Women's 57 kg competition in judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on August 16 at the Ano Liossia Olympic Hall.

This event was the third-lightest of the women's judo weight classes, limiting competitors to a maximum of 57 kilograms of body mass. Like all other judo events, bouts lasted five minutes. If the bout was still tied at the end, it was extended for another five-minute, sudden-death period; if neither judoka scored during that period, the match is decided by the judges. The tournament bracket consisted of a single-elimination contest culminating in a gold medal match. There was also a repechage to determine the winners of the two bronze medals. Each judoka who had lost to a semifinalist competed in the repechage. The two judokas who lost in the semifinals faced the winner of the opposite half of the bracket's repechage in bronze medal bouts.
Harley-Davidson Fat Boy
The Harley-Davidson Fat Boy,  is a V-twin softail cruiser motorcycle with solid-cast disc wheels. Designed by Willie G. Davidson and Louie Netz, Harley-Davidson built a prototype Fat Boy in Milwaukee for the Daytona Bike Week rally at Daytona Beach in 1988 and 1989. Fat Boys produced from 1990 to 2017 are coded FLSTF, and  FLFB (&  FLFBS) from 2018.

An oft-repeated false etymology claims that the name comes from a contraction of Fat Man and Little Boy, the atomic bombs dropped on Japan during WWII, as a symbolic insult to Japanese motorcycles. This has been debunked, as the name "Fat Boy" actually comes from the observation that the motorcycle is somewhat wider than other bikes when viewed head-on. In a 2015 interview, Scott Miller, Harley-Davidson's vice president of styling and product development, confirmed that the name was simply descriptive and had nothing to do with Harley's Japanese competitors.

Softail
A softail (shortened form of soft tail) motorcycle intentionally looks like vintage motorcycles with a rigid hard-tail frame that has a triangle of steel tubes at the rear axle, as on a bicycle frame, but on a Softail these tubes are actually a triangular swingarm, with the shock absorber(s) hidden, as opposed to clearly visible regular twin shocks on both sides of the rear wheel on standard bikes. Since the introduction of the Harley-Davidson FXST Softail in 1983 as a registered trademark of the Motor Company, softail has become a genericized trademark for other models of cruiser motorcycles with rear suspensions hidden for retro style reasons. This was done even though the rear wheel was often hidden behind bags or exhaust pipes.
Northern Forest (England)
The Northern Forest is a proposed forest in England to encompass five community forests.  The aim is to plant 50 million trees by 2032 which would provide a timber industry, leisure opportunities and environmental benefits.  Initial funding for the project was granted by the UK government in January 2018.

The proposed forest has been welcomed by the Woodland Trust.

Woodland Trust
The Woodland Trust is the largest woodland conservation charity in the United Kingdom and is concerned with the creation, protection, and restoration of native woodland heritage. It has planted over 68 million trees since 1972. The Woodland Trust has three aims: to protect ancient woodland which is rare, unique and irreplaceable, to promote the restoration of damaged ancient woodland, and to plant native trees and woods to benefit people and wildlife.

The charity maintains ownership of over 1,000 sites covering over 33,000 hectares (330 square kilometres; 130 square miles) of which 8,070ha (33%) is ancient woodland. It ensures public access to its woods.
Jo See Tan
Jo See Tan (born March 1991) is an Australian amateur real tennis player. Her best result was winning the 2022 Australian Open Singles championship and the 2023 Australian Open Doubles championship. She has also been a finalist at the US Open on one occasion in singles and two occasions in doubles. She has represented Australia at the Bathurst Cup on two occasions, and has won the women's Australian Amateur on three occasions.

Grand Slam (real tennis)
A Grand Slam in the sport of real tennis is earned by a player who holds the following titles in the same calendar year:

Australian Open

US Open

French Open

British Open

The concept was borrowed from lawn tennis's Grand Slam. As not all events have been played in the same season, 1981 was the first year it was possible to attain all four major titles.

In 1984, Chris Ronaldson was the first to win the Grand Slam. In 2000 and 2001, Robert Fahey earned back-to-back Grand Slams, and earned a third Grand Slam in 2008. Camden Riviere earned Grand Slams in 2017 and 2019. For women, Charlotte Cornwallis completed it in 2006, while Claire Fahey has done so on seven occasions so in 2010, 2011, 2012 2014, 2017, 2019 and 2024.
Balbeg, Highland
Balbeg (Scottish Gaelic: Am Baile Beag) is a clachan (hamlet) about 0.5 miles (1 km) north-east of Balnain, 4 miles (6 km) west of Drumnadrochit, Inverness-shire (in the Scottish Highlands) and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Balbeg is also the name of another small settlement, located on the north west shore of Loch Ness, about 4 miles south of Drumnadrochit. The two settlements are sometimes confused.

Drumnadrochit
Drumnadrochit (/drʌmnəˈdrɒxɪt/; Scottish Gaelic: Druim na Drochaid) is a village in the Highland local government council area of Scotland, lying near the west shore of Loch Ness at the foot of Glen Urquhart. The village is close to the villages of Milton to the west, Kilmore to the east and Lewiston to the south. The villages act as a centre for regional tourism beside Loch Ness and a local economic hub for the nearby communities.
Pyongyang General Hospital
The Pyongyang General Hospital (Korean: 평양종합병원) is a hospital in Pyongyang, North Korea. The hospital is located in front of the Monument to Party Founding. Its groundbreaking took place on 19 March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and its construction proceeded on the basis of a "speed campaign" with an expected completion date of October 2020, before the 75th anniversary celebrations of the Workers' Party of Korea. The hospital did not meet the planned deadline, though by 27 February 2025, the hospital had already been completed and was ready to be inaugurated on the 80th anniversary of the Worker's Party of Korea.

In 2025, Kim Jong Un visited the hospital on 27 February and 23 September, and he inaugurated the hospital on 6 October. The Pyongyang General Hospital opened on 4 November 2025, though the hospital began to receive patients the day prior.

Party Foundation Day
The Party Foundation Day (Korean: 조선로동당 창건일) is an annual public holiday in North Korea marking the  10 October 1945 foundation of the "Central Organizing Committee of the Communist Party of North Korea" (북조선공산당중앙조직위원회), known as the "North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea" in the West and considered a predecessor to the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.

The Party Founding Day is one of the most important holidays of the country, along with the Day of the Sun (birthday of Kim Il Sung), Day of the Shining Star (birthday of Kim Jong Il) and Day of the Foundation of the Republic. 2025 marked the 80th anniversary.
Yugoslav regency
The Yugoslav regency was a three-member governorship of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia headed by Prince Regent Paul in place of King Peter II until his coming of age. It was in effect between November 1934 and the coup d'état of 27 March 1941.

Prince Paul of Yugoslavia
Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, also known as Paul Karađorđević (Serbo-Croatian: Павле Карађорђевић, romanized: Pavle Karađorđević, English transliteration: Paul Karageorgevich; 27 April 1893 – 14 September 1976), was prince regent of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the minority of King Peter II. Paul was a first cousin of Peter's father, Alexander I.
Donatus Ó Muireadhaigh
Donatus Ó Muireadhaigh, O.S.A. (Anglicised: Donatus O'Murray; died 1485) was a fifteenth-century Archbishop of Tuam.

An Augustinian Canon, he was the Dean of Tuam before appointed Archbishop of Tuam by Pope Nicholas V on 2 December 1450. He granted the status of collegiate church to the St. Nicholas' Collegiate Church in Galway in 1484.

Archbishop Ó Muireadhaigh died in office on 17 January 1485.

Archbishop of Tuam
The Archbishop of Tuam (/ˈtjuːəm/ TEW-əm; Irish: Ard-Easpag Thuama) is an archbishop which takes its name after the town of Tuam in County Galway, Ireland. The title was used by the Church of Ireland until 1839, and is still in use by the Catholic Church.
USS Pasadena (CL-65)
USS Pasadena was a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph).

Gun turret
A gun turret (or simply turret) is a mounting platform from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility and ability to turn and aim. A modern gun turret is generally a rotatable weapon mount that houses the crew or mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon and at the same time lets the weapon be aimed and fired in some degree of azimuth and elevation (cone of fire).
Jim Golden (music producer)
Jim Golden aka James Lee Golden was a music executive and record producer and occasional composer. He was active mainly during the 1960s and 1970s. He produced recordings for The American Breed, The Cryan' Shames, The Flock, The Hardy Boys, Mason Proffit, The Trolls and others.

The Flock (band)
The Flock was an American, Chicago-based jazz rock band, that released two albums on Columbia Records in 1969 (The Flock) and 1970 (Dinosaur Swamps). The Flock did not achieve the commercial success of other Columbia jazz-rock groups of the era such as Chicago and Blood Sweat & Tears, but were recognized for featuring a violin prominently in their music. The violinist, Jerry Goodman, went on to become a member of Mahavishnu Orchestra and a solo artist. They also received some exposure with their release of a cover of The Kinks' "Tired Of Waiting For You" as a single in April 1970 (CBS 4932).
Night-blooming cereus
Night-blooming cereus is the common name referring to many flowering ceroid cacti that bloom at night. The flowers are short lived, and some of these species, such as Selenicereus grandiflorus, each flower blooms for a single night, though most put out multiple flowers over several weeks, each of which opens for only a single night.  Other names for one or more cacti with this habit are nightblooming frivolous , princess of the night, Honolulu queen (for Hylocereus undatus), Christ in the manger, dama de noche, and queen of the night (which is also used for an unrelated plant species).

Selenicereus undatus
Selenicereus undatus, the white-fleshed pitahaya, is a species of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus) in the family Cactaceae and is the most cultivated species in the genus. It is used both as an ornamental vine and as a fruit crop, the pitahaya or dragon fruit.

Like all true cacti, the genus originates in the Americas. S. undatus is native from Mexico to Honduras; it may be a hybrid.
Nikolai Galushkin
Nikolai Ivanovich Galushkin (born 1917/1922 – 18 May, 2007) was a Soviet military sniper during World War II in the Eastern Front. He is reported to have killed over 400 enemy soldiers whilst serving in the 50th Rifle Division.

Despite tallying 418 reported kills during the war and being nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on two occasions, he did not receive the title, and was instead awarded the Order of Lenin for his achievements as a sniper until being awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation on June 21, 1995.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
Oswald von Wolkenstein
Oswald von Wolkenstein (1376 or 1377 in Pfalzen – August 2, 1445, in Meran) was a poet, composer and diplomat. In his diplomatic capacity, he traveled through much of Europe to as far as Georgia (as recounted in "Durch Barbarei, Arabia").

He was dubbed a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre and was also inducted into the Order of the Jar and the Order of the Dragon. He lived for a time in Seis am Schlern.

Merano
Merano or Meran is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol, Northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to 3,335 metres (10,942 feet) above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier Valley and the Vinschgau.

The city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including Franz Kafka, Paul Lazarsfeld and also Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who appreciated its mild climate.
Sabiha Khanum
Sabiha Khanum (Urdu: صبیحہ خانم; born Mukhtar Begum; 16 October 1935 – 13 June 2020) was a Pakistani film actress. She is also known as the "First Lady of Pakistani Cinema", and is often recognized for her role in Pakistani cinema during the 1950s and 1960s. The recipient of the Pride of Performance and Nigar Awards, she debuted in Lollywood films with Beli (1950), and also appeared in television dramas.

Some of her notable films, include Do Ansoo (1950), Sassi (1954), Gumnaam (1954), Dulla Bhatti (1956), Sarfarosh (1956), Mukhra (1958), and Devar Bhabhi (1967).

She appeared mostly in Santosh Kumar's films playing protagonist roles opposite to her throughout the career. Sabiha and Santosh are sometimes known for the on-screen chemistry they shared and built following the 1950s and 60s films, in particular after they worked in the Qatil (1955) film.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Arithmetic derivative
In number theory, the Lagarias arithmetic derivative or number derivative is a function defined for integers, based on prime factorization, by analogy with the product rule for the derivative of a function that is used in mathematical analysis.

There are many versions of "arithmetic derivatives", including the one discussed in this article (the Lagarias arithmetic derivative), such as Ihara's arithmetic derivative and Buium's arithmetic derivatives.

Product rule
In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as  or in Leibniz's notation as

The rule may be extended or generalized to products of three or more functions, to a rule for higher-order derivatives of a product, and to other contexts.
Histidine transaminase
In enzymology, a histidine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate  (imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-histidine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are (imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate and L-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-histidine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include histidine aminotransferase, and histidine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase.  This enzyme participates in histidine metabolism.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.