hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ibdis
'Ibdis (Arabic: عبدس, ‘Ibdis; Hebrew: עיבדיס) was a Palestinian village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) northeast of Gaza City. It was situated on flat ground on the coastal plain at an elevation of 75 meters (246 ft) above sea level, and bordered by a wadi that bore its name on its eastern side. In 1945, Ibdis had a population of 540 and a land area of 4,593 dunams, of which 18 dunams were built-up areas.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Alison Halford
Alison Monica Halford (8 May 1940 – 22 February 2025) was a British senior police officer and later a politician. Halford worked for the Metropolitan Police from 1962 to 1983. She became the first woman to lead a police division. She then moved to Merseyside Police, becoming the first woman outside the Metropolitan Police to reach Chief Officer rank. She later left Merseyside police, alleging gender discrimination. She later withdrew the claim following a settlement, and retired from the police in 1992, before moving into politics. She was Labour member of the National Assembly for Wales, representing the Delyn constituency, between 1999 and 2003. In 2006 she defected to the Conservative Party, and represented them on Flintshire County Council from 2008 to 2017.

Merseyside Police
Merseyside Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Merseyside in North West England. The service area is 647 square kilometres with a population of around 1.5 million.  As of September 2017 the service has 3,484 police officers, 1,619 police staff, 253 police community support officers, 155 designated officers and 208 special constables. The force is led by Chief Constable Rob Carden.
Jennie Augusta Brownscombe
Jennie Augusta Brownscombe (December 10, 1850 – August 5, 1936) was an American painter, designer, etcher, commercial artist, and illustrator. Brownscombe studied art for years in the United States and in Paris. She was a founding member, student and teacher at the Art Students League of New York. She made genre paintings, including revolutionary and colonial American history, most notably The First Thanksgiving held at Pilgrim Hall in Plymouth, Massachusetts. She sold the reproduction rights to more than 100 paintings, and images of her work have appeared on prints, calendars and greeting cards. Her works are in many public collections and museums. In 1899 she was described by New York World as "one of America's best artists".

New York World
The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 to 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers as a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it was a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers' attention with sensation, sports, sex and scandal and pushing its daily circulation to the one-million mark. It was sold in 1931 and merged into the New York World-Telegram.
Duchesnay tourist resort
The Station touristique Duchesnay (French: "Station touristique Duchesnay"), formerly known as the “Sanctuaire de Duchesnay”, is a resort park located on the edge of Saint-Joseph Lake, in the La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec (Canada). The territory of this station extends over several municipalities: Lac-Saint-Joseph, Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier (to the south), Lac-Sergent and Saint-Raymond (north). Duchesnay is operated by Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (SÉPAQ).

Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier
Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t katʁin də la ʒak kaʁtje]) is a town in Quebec, Canada, located in the regional county municipality of La Jacques-Cartier, in the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale. The Jacques-Cartier River passes through the city.

Local attractions include bicycle paths, the Anne-Hébert Social and Cultural Centre, the Ice Hotel and the Duchesnay Inn. The city also has a youth centre and an elementary school with three buildings.

The city is named after Catherine Nau de La Boissière et de Fossambault, a noblewoman of New France.
Great Expectations (1934 film)
Great Expectations is a 1934 adaptation of the 1861 Charles Dickens novel of the same name.  Filmed with mostly American actors, it was the first sound version of the novel and was produced in Hollywood by Universal Studios and directed by Stuart Walker. It stars Phillips Holmes as Pip, Jane Wyatt as Estella and Florence Reed as Miss Havisham.

Critics consider this 1934 version far inferior to the classic 1946 version, made in England and directed by David Lean. A notable link between the two movies is that Francis L. Sullivan played the role of Jaggers in both.

This film differs somewhat from the novel in making Miss Havisham more eccentric than insane. Unlike the novel, she does not wear her bridal veil constantly, does not seem to have really engineered all of Pip's misfortunes with Estella, and dies offscreen of natural causes rather than in a fire.

Estella (Great Expectations)
Estella Havisham (married name Estella Drummle) is a significant character in Charles Dickens' 1861 novel Great Expectations.

Like the protagonist, Pip, Estella is introduced as an orphan, but where Pip was raised by his sister and her husband to become a blacksmith, Estella was adopted and raised by the wealthy and eccentric Miss Havisham to become a lady.
Sergius of Radonezh
Sergius of Radonezh (Russian: Сергий Радонежский, romanized: Sergiy Radonezhsky; 14 May 1314 – 25 September 1392) was a Russian spiritual leader and monastic reformer.

He was the founder of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius near Moscow, what is now the most venerated monastic house in Russia. He exerted the greatest influence of any personage on the Russian Orthodox Church. Together with Seraphim of Sarov, he is one of the most highly venerated saints in Russia.

Historian Serge Aleksandrovich Zenkovsky wrote that Sergius, along with Epiphanius the Wise, Stephen of Perm, and the painter Andrei Rublev, signified "the Russian spiritual and cultural revival of the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century".

Serge Zenkovsky
Serge Aleksandrovich Zenkovsky (Russian: Сергей Александрович Зеньковский; 16 June 1907, Kiev, Russian Empire – 31 March 1990, Florida) was a Russian historian, expatriate in the United States since 1949. He specialized in Economic, Eastern European and Central Asian history.
Jade Bailey (footballer)
Jade Helen Bailey (born 11 November 1995) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Piteå and the Jamaica women's national football team.

She last played for Liverpool FC and previously played for Arsenal, Chelsea and Reading (on loan from Chelsea). She is a former England youth international. She was involved in the final stages of the 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay. Born in England, she represents Jamaica internationally.

Piteå IF
Piteå Idrottsförening (Swedish: [ˈpǐːtɛɔ iːˌdrɔtsfœrˈeːnɪŋ]), commonly known as Piteå IF ([ˈpǐːtɛɔ iːɛf]), is a Swedish football club located in Piteå that currently competes in Sweden's top-division women's league, Damallsvenskan, which it won in 2018.
Engineering diffraction
Engineering diffraction refers to a sub-field of neutron scattering which investigates microstructural features that influence the mechanical properties of materials. These include:

lattice strain, a measure of distortion in crystals

texture, a measure of grain orientations

dislocation density, a measure of the microstructure

grain morphology

Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials. The natural/physical phenomenon is of elemental importance in nuclear engineering and the nuclear sciences. Regarding the experimental technique, understanding and manipulating neutron scattering is fundamental to the applications used in crystallography, physics, physical chemistry, biophysics, and materials research.

Neutron scattering is practiced at research reactors and spallation neutron sources that provide neutron radiation of varying intensities. Neutron diffraction (elastic scattering) techniques are used for analyzing structures; where inelastic neutron scattering is used in studying atomic vibrations and other excitations.
Bogoriella queenslandica
Bogoriella queenslandica is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. This widespread tropical lichen forms whitish crusty patches marked by distinctive dark border lines and produces relatively large, solitary dark fruiting bodies. It has a pantropical distribution, being found across multiple continents including Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Pacific region, and Australia.

Pantropical
A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Examples include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa.

Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico and the Caribbean southwards (including cold regions in southernmost South America).

Palaeotropical refers to geographical occurrence. For a distribution to be palaeotropical a taxon must occur in tropical regions in the Old World.

According to Takhtajan (1978), the following families have a pantropical distribution: Annonaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Dilleniaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Passifloraceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Malpighiaceae, Proteaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orchidaceae, and Arecaceae.
Canton of Yerville
The Canton of Yerville is a former canton situated in the Seine-Maritime département and in the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 18 communes, which joined the canton of Yvetot in 2015. It had a total of 10,782 inhabitants (2012).

Upper Normandy
Upper Normandy (French: Haute-Normandie, IPA: [ot nɔʁmɑ̃di] ⓘ; Norman: Ĥâote-Normaundie) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, Upper and Lower Normandy merged becoming one region called Normandy.
The Beachcomber (1954 film)
The Beachcomber is a 1954 British comedy drama film directed by Muriel Box starring Donald Sinden, Glynis Johns, Robert Newton, Paul Rogers, Donald Pleasence and Michael Hordern. The film is based on the 1931 short story "The Vessel of Wrath" by W. Somerset Maugham and was adapted by Sydney Box. It was the second screen adaptation of the book following the 1938 film Vessel of Wrath.

Paul Rogers (actor)
Paul Rogers (22 March 1917 – 6 October 2013) was an English actor of film, stage and television. He was the first winner of the BAFTA TV Award Best Actor in 1955 and won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play for The Homecoming in 1967.
General Andrews Airport
General Andrews Airport was an international airport located in Santo Domingo (then known as Ciudad Trujillo), Dominican Republic. Operating from 1944 until the late 1950s, it served as the country's primary gateway before being replaced by the modern Las Américas International Airport (originally known as Punta Caucedo).

The airport was situated in what is now the Centro Olímpico Juan Pablo Duarte, a central district of the modern capital. It is frequently confused with the Herrera Airport (which served domestic flights) and the San Isidro Air Base (formerly Base Aérea Trujillo).

Herrera International Airport
Herrera International Airport (IATA: HEX, ICAO: MDHE) was an airport located in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Herrera used to be the hub of most Dominican airlines before being closed in 2006 and replaced by La Isabela International Airport, also in Santo Domingo. The airport had domestic flights and connections to Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Caribbean islands.
A Kid in King Arthur's Court
A Kid in King Arthur's Court is a 1995 adventure comedy fantasy film directed by Michael Gottlieb (in his final directorial film before his death in 2014). It is loosely based on the Mark Twain 1889 novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, previously filmed by Disney as Unidentified Flying Oddball in 1978. The film stars Thomas Ian Nicholas, Joss Ackland and Art Malik, and is notable for being one of the first film roles of Daniel Craig and Kate Winslet.

In the film, a teenaged baseball player from the suburbs of Los Angeles is swallowed by the ground during an earthquake, but somehow time travels to the court of an elderly King Arthur in the 6th century. He is thought to be a messianic figure from Merlin's prophecies. The time-traveler develops a crush on young Princess Katey, but the girl is kidnapped in an effort to blackmail her older sister into marrying one of the courtiers.

Unidentified Flying Oddball
Unidentified Flying Oddball is a 1979 science fiction comedy film. It was written by Don Tait (based loosely on Mark Twain's 1889 novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court) directed by Russ Mayberry, and produced by Walt Disney Productions.  Released in the United Kingdom as The Spaceman and King Arthur, then subsequently re-released in the United States as A Spaceman in King Arthur's Court, the film stars Dennis Dugan as NASA employee Tom Trimble who unintentionally travels back in time with his look-alike android Hermes.
Timeline of reactions to the 2020 Hong Kong national security law (September–November 2021)
Several more pro-democracy organizations dissolved under the pressure of the national security law. The Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions additionally cited physical threats that had been reported by members. The disbandment of the Hong Kong Alliance followed the arrest of its leadership under charges of collusion with foreign forces, adding to earlier arrests of its lead figures. Student Politicism also dissolved.

Secretary for Security Chris Tang accused the Hong Kong Journalists Association of failing to uphold professional standards among its members, and said it shared a responsibility for the eroding reputation of authorities among young people in Hong Kong since 2019. The association strongly denied the accusations.

In November, two activists were jailed under the national security law, one of them purely for speech-based crimes.

Hong Kong Journalists Association
The Hong Kong Journalists Association (Chinese: 香港記者協會) is a Hong Kong association that represents journalists in Hong Kong.  Established in 1968, the association acts as a trade union for journalists by seeking to improve working conditions for them and further works to aid journalists by striving to remove barriers journalists face when gathering news. HKJA also serves as a channel for individuals to file complaints when unethical reporting in local media is observed.

The association has been chaired by Selina Cheng since June 2024.
Help (2011 film)
Help is a 2011 Indian English-language short film directed by Pandiarajan and starring Delhi Ganesh, Mohan Raman and Devipriya. The film was notably the only film from Asia amongst the 55 films showcased at the ArtDeco Film Festival 2011 in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Mohan Raman
Mohan Raman, also known as Mohan V. Ram (born 3 April 1956), is an Indian actor and writer known for his work on Tamil cinema. In 2017 and 2019, he was a Jury member for the National Film Award for Best Writing on Cinema. Raman is a film historian and writes for The Hindu.
2022 K3 League
The 2022 K3 League was the third season of the K3 League as a semi-professional league. Its regular season was held from 26 February to 29 October 2022.

Defending champions Gimpo FC became a professional club and joined the K League. Cheonan City and Cheongju FC are also going to be join the K League in the next year.

The 16 participating teams played each other twice, and the bottom team advanced to the relegation play-off. The K3 League Championship which had been held in play-off format to decide champions before was not held since this year.

Gimpo FC
Gimpo Football Club (Korean: 김포시민프로축구단), formerly Gimpo Citizen FC, is a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gimpo. Since 2022, they are playing in the K League 2, the second tier of football in South Korea.
2023 Indy NXT
The 2023 Firestone Indy NXT Series was the 37th season of the Indy NXT open wheel motor racing series and the 21st sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. Known as Indy Lights before 2023, the championship was rebranded following its acquisition by Penske Entertainment, the owner of the IndyCar Series, in 2022. This rebrand coincided with the three lower support series, still run by Anderson Promotions, also changing their branding.

Linus Lundqvist, the reigning 2022 Indy Lights champion, became a free agent after the season, so he did not defend his championship. Succeeding him as the first ever Indy NXT champion was Christian Rasmussen, who won the title after collecting five wins and nine podiums throughout the season. His team, HMD Motorsports with Dale Coyne Racing, won the Teams' championship.

Indy NXT
Indy NXT (pronounced "Indy Next"), previously Indy Lights, is an American developmental automobile racing series sanctioned by IndyCar, currently known as INDY NXT by Firestone for sponsorship reasons. Indy NXT is the highest step on the Road to Indy, a program of racing series leading up to the IndyCar Series.

A similar series named Indy Lights filled the developmental role for the CART series, and ran from 1986 to 1993 as the American Racing Series and Dayton Indy Lights from 1991 to 2001. The current IndyCar sanctioned series was founded in 2002 as the Infiniti Pro Series as a way to introduce new talent to IndyCar, with the moniker Indy Lights returning in 2008 when CART and IndyCar unified. The Indy Lights champion was awarded a $1M scholarship toward the IndyCar Series, and guaranteed three races including the Indianapolis 500 during this time. For 2023, Penske Entertainment announced a rebranding to the name Indy NXT.
Peter Stanley James
Wing Commander Peter Stanley James, DFC, AE (24 February 1917 – 11 January 1999) was a pilot in the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve during the Second World War, flying in RAF Bomber Command with No. 35 Squadron, No. 78 Squadron and No. 148 Squadron.

James was captain of Handley Page Halifax L9500 (TL-H) during a daylight raid against the German battleship Scharnhorst, flew in all three thousand bomber raids and was one of the first pilots to take the Handley Page Halifax into battle. James was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1941.

Wing commander
Wing commander (Wg Cdr or W/C) is a senior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of many countries that have historical British influence.

Wing commander is immediately senior to squadron leader and immediately below group captain. It is usually equivalent to the rank of commander in the navy and the rank of lieutenant colonel in other services.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force and the Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and in Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was wing officer. The equivalent rank in the Royal Observer Corps (until 1995) was observer commander, which had a similar rank insignia.
Victoria Desintonio
Victoria Tatiana Desintonio Malavé (born 1988) is an Ecuadorian politician. She was elected to the seven-member Council for Citizen Participation and Social Control by popular vote and was later removed. She then became a member of Ecuador's National Assembly. She is a member of the political coalition Union for Hope (Unión por la Esperanza) and she campaigns for women's rights.

Union for Hope
Union for Hope (Spanish: Unión por la Esperanza, UNES) was a political coalition in Ecuador for the 2021 Ecuadorian general election. Political groups from the left-wing participated, with only the Democratic Center Movement being officially on the ballot, to sponsor the presidential candidacy of Andrés Arauz for the 2021 presidential election.

Several social groups, provincial movements, and the Citizen Revolution Movement, of national scope not registered in the National Electoral Council (CNE), were also affiliate and in opposition to the government of Lenín Moreno. For the 2021 legislative election, alliances were formed in several provinces, together with the different local movements, distributing the candidates between movements.
Noah Vonleh
Noah Vonleh (/ˈvɒnleɪ/ VON-lay; born August 24, 1995) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Zenit Saint Petersburg of the VTB United League. He played college basketball for the Indiana Hoosiers.

VTB United League
The VTB United League (Russian: Единая Лига ВТБ) is an international professional men's club basketball league that was founded in 2009. As of the 2025–26 season, it consists exclusively of Russian clubs. Since 2013, it is the first tier of Russian professional club basketball. Therefore, the highest placed Russian team in the league can also be named the Russian national champions. The league is sponsored by Russian state-owned VTB Bank. In 2009 CSKA Moscow won VTB United League Promo-Cup, but this competition does not count as official VTB title. CSKA has dominated the league, having won majority of titles its existence. The VTB United League also holds a youth competition, the VTB United Youth League.
Ashes to Ashes (play)
Ashes to Ashes is a 1996 play by English playwright Harold Pinter.  It was first performed, in Dutch, by Toneelgroep Amsterdam, the Netherlands' largest repertory company, in Amsterdam, as part of its 1996–1997 season, and directed by Titus Muizelaar, who reprised his production, in Dutch with English surtitles, as part of a double bill with Buff, by Gerardjan Rijnders, at the Riverside Studios, Hammersmith, from 23 through 27 June 1998. Its English première by the Royal Court Theatre opened after the Dutch première, at the Ambassadors Theatre, in London, on 12 September 1996.

Repertory theatre
A repertory theatre, also called repertory, rep, true rep or stock, which are also called producing theatres, is a theatre in which a resident company presents works from a specified repertoire, usually in alternation or rotation.
Xue Juzheng
Xue Juzheng (c. 912 – 12 July 981; courtesy name Ziping) was a scholar-official who successively served the Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou and Song dynasties. He was one of the chief ministers of the Song dynasty from 973 until his death.

Xue is best known today for being the lead author of the monumental history book Old History of the Five Dynasties (974).

Later Zhou
Zhou, known as the Later Zhou (/dʒoʊ/; simplified Chinese: 后周; traditional Chinese: 後周; pinyin: Hòu Zhōu) in historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty and the last of the Five Dynasties that controlled most of northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Founded by Guo Wei (Emperor Taizu), it was preceded by the Later Han dynasty and succeeded by the Northern Song dynasty.