hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Damascène Ntawukuriryayo
Jean-Damascène Ntawukuriryayo (born 8 August 1961) is a Rwandan politician who served as president of the Senate of Rwanda from 2011 to 2014. He also served as minister of health in Rwanda. He became president of the Senate in October 2011, and also served for a time as vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies.

Senate (Rwanda)
The upper house of the Parliament of Rwanda (Kinyarwanda: Inteko Ishinga Amategeko; French: Parlement) is the Senate (Sena/Sénat). The Senate has 26 members elected or appointed for eight-year terms: 12 elected by provincial councils, eight appointed by the President of the Republic to ensure the representation of historically marginalized communities, four by the National Consultative Forum of Political Organizations, and two elected by the staff of the universities (one public, one private). Additionally, former presidents can request to become a member of the Senate.

The Senate was established in 2003.
Microsoft Java Virtual Machine
The Microsoft Java Virtual Machine (MSJVM) is a discontinued proprietary Java virtual machine from Microsoft. It was first made available for Internet Explorer 3 so that users could run Java applets when browsing on the World Wide Web. It was the fastest Windows-based implementation of a Java virtual machine for the first two years after its release. Sun Microsystems, the creator of Java, sued Microsoft in October 1997 for incompletely implementing the Java 1.1 standard. It was also named in the United States v. Microsoft Corp. antitrust civil actions, as an implementation of Microsoft's "Embrace, extend, and extinguish" strategy. In 2001, Microsoft settled the lawsuit with Sun and discontinued its Java implementation.

Java virtual machine
A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages, other languages referred to as JVM languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform.

The JVM reference implementation is developed by the OpenJDK project as open source code and includes a JIT compiler called HotSpot. The commercially supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK.
Brittle–ductile transition zone
The brittle-ductile transition zone (hereafter the "transition zone") is the zone of the Earth's crust that marks the transition from the upper, more brittle crust to the lower, more ductile crust. For quartz and feldspar-rich rocks in continental crust, the transition zone occurs at an approximate depth of 20 km, at temperatures of 250–400 °C. At this depth, rock becomes less likely to fracture, and more likely to deform ductilely by creep because the brittle strength of a material increases with confining pressure, while its ductile strength decreases with increasing temperature.

Ductility (Earth science)
In Earth science, ductility refers to the capacity of a rock to deform to large strains without macroscopic fracturing. Such behavior may occur in unlithified or poorly lithified sediments, in weak materials such as halite or at greater depths in all rock types where higher temperatures promote crystal plasticity and higher confining pressures suppress brittle fracture. In addition, when a material is behaving ductilely, it exhibits a linear stress vs strain relationship past the elastic limit.

Ductile deformation is typically characterized by diffuse deformation (i.e. lacking a discrete fault plane) and on a stress-strain plot is accompanied by steady state sliding at failure, compared to the sharp stress drop observed in experiments during brittle failure.
Mingus Ah Um
Mingus Ah Um is a studio album by American jazz musician Charles Mingus which was released in October 1959 by Columbia Records. It was his first album recorded for Columbia. The title is a corruption of an imaginary Latin declension. It is common for Latin students to memorize Latin adjectives by first saying the masculine nominative (usually ending in "-us"), then the feminine nominative ("-a"), and finally the neuter nominative singular ("-um")—implying a transformation of his name, Mingus, Minga, Mingum. The album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2013. It was ranked 380 on the Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The cover features a painting by S. Neil Fujita.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Little Falls Historic District
Little Falls Historic District is a national historic district located at Little Falls in Herkimer County, New York.  The district includes 347 contributing buildings in Little Falls.  The buildings date from the mid-19th to the early-20th century.  There are a number of Italianate-style commercial buildings and notable residences in popular 19th-century architectural styles including Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival. Notable non-residential buildings include the Masonic Temple (1914), East Park Elementary School, Public Library, and St. Mary's Catholic Church Complex. The separately listed James Sanders House is located in the district.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The Herkimer County Trust Company Building and James Sanders House are located in the district and are separately listed.

Herkimer County Trust Company Building
Herkimer County Trust Company Building is a historic bank building located at Little Falls, New York in Herkimer County, New York.  It was built in 1833 and is a three-by-two-bay rectangular structure built of cut stone and broken range masonry.  It features a portico supported by four Ionic order stone columns and gable roof in the Greek Revival style.  It housed the Herkimer County Bank/Herkimer County Trust Company until 1917, and now houses the local historical society.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Beer in Slovakia
Beer in Slovakia (Slovak: pivo) has been produced and consumed at least since the 15th century. Together with the neighbouring Czech Republic, with whom it has a shared and intertwined history, Slovakia has a number of breweries and a rich beer culture.

Brews in Slovakia usually range between 3.8 and 5.0% alcohol content, and are traditionally classified by their density, or specific gravity using the Plato scale. This is the amount of dissolved solids before fermentation and tells roughly how much fermentable material (usually malted barley) was used and hints at what the alcohol content might be. Common measurements of 10° or 12° would be equivalent to 1040 or 1048 in the English "original gravity" scale. A common misconception is that this is a measure of the colour of the beer.

Since the fall of communism, most large commercial breweries were privatized and subsequently bought by foreign multinational companies. Today most are owned by either Heineken or SABMiller.

Heineken
Heineken Lager Beer (Dutch: Heineken Pilsener), or simply Heineken (pronounced [ˈɦɛinəkə(n)]), is a Dutch pale lager beer with 5% alcohol by volume, produced by the Dutch brewing company Heineken N.V. It is typically sold in a green bottle with a red star.
Muller–Schupp theorem
In mathematics, the Muller–Schupp theorem states that a finitely generated group G has context-free word problem if and only if G is virtually free. The theorem was proved by David Muller and Paul Schupp in 1983.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Flag football at the Summer Olympics
The 2028 Summer Olympics will introduce the sport of flag football for the first time. Two events, one for men and one for women, will be held. Flag football, a non-contact variant of American football in which players remove flags attached to the ball carrier instead of tackling them, was previously contested at the 2022 World Games and was featured at the 2025 World Games.

Flag football
Flag football is a variant of gridiron football (American football or Canadian football depending on location) where, instead of tackling players to the ground, the defensive team must remove a flag or flag belt from the ball carrier ("deflagging") to end a down. In flag football, contact is limited between players. The sport has a strong amateur following with several national and international competitions each year sponsored by various associations but is most popularly played in America where it was invented. The international governing body for the sport is the International Federation of American Football (IFAF) with the International Woman's Flag Football Association (IWFFA) governing the women's game.

Flag football will be a discretionary event for the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, the first time any gridiron football code has been a full part of an Olympic programme.
U.S. Route 30 in Illinois
U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is an east–west arterial surface road in northern Illinois. It runs from across the Mississippi River from Clinton, Iowa, to Lynwood at the Indiana state line. This is a distance of 153.79 miles (247.50 km).

Illinois Route 59
Illinois Route 59 is a north–south state highway in northeastern Illinois. It runs south from Illinois Route 173 in Antioch to I-55 in Shorewood, spanning the north–south width of Chicago's western suburbs. This is a distance of 71.13 miles (114.47 km).
Austin Gary
Austin Gary (born Gary Austin Heyde, March 7, 1947) is an American novelist and writer, best known as a songwriter for "The Car" by Jeff Carson (as Gary Heyde) and recordings by other country music performers like Tammy Wynette and John Berry, and as associate producer of albums by Carson, Berry and Hank Williams Jr.'s Hog Wild album.

Jeff Carson
Jeffrey Lee Herndon (December 16, 1963 – March 26, 2022), known professionally as Jeff Carson, was an American country music artist. Originally a session musician in Branson, Missouri, and later a demo singer, he was signed to Curb Records in 1995, releasing his self-titled debut album that year, followed by Butterfly Kisses in 1998 and Real Life in 2002. He charted 14 singles on the Billboard country charts, including the Number One hit "Not on Your Love", the Top Ten hits "The Car" and "Holdin' Onto Something", and the Top 20 "Real Life (I Never Was the Same Again)". He retired from music in 2009 and became a police officer.
Celeste Thorson
Celeste Thorson (born July 23, 1984) is an American actress, model, screenwriter, and activist.  She is best known for her roles on How I Met Your Mother, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, The Exes, Heartbeat and as a host for numerous lifestyle and travel television shows.  Thorson has written twenty four episodes of television and several short films. As a model, she has been featured in modeling and commercial campaigns for Reebok, Lady Foot Locker, Yoplait, Sprint, Nissan, Nokia, Samsung, Yahoo!, Body Glove, Toms Shoes, and Paul Mitchell.

Body Glove
Body Glove is an American brand of watersports apparel and accessories that was founded in 1953 by twin brothers Bill and Bob Meistrell. The brothers are often credited with inventing the first practical wetsuit in the early 1950s in the back of their Redondo Beach, California, surf shop, Dive N' Surf. From those wetsuits, Body Glove branched out into other product categories. They now make wetsuits, swimsuits, clothing, shoes, life vests, sunglasses, wakeboards, paddle boards, towables, backpacks, phone cases and snorkeling equipment.
WWP World Cruiserweight Championship
The WWP World Cruiserweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the South African Professional wrestling promotion World Wrestling Professionals, contested exclusively among Cruiserweight (<100 kg (220 lb)) wrestlers. It was created on November 1, 2007, during WWP Thunderstrike's third televised season.

Champions Pro Wrestling
Champions Pro Wrestling (formerly World Wrestling Professionals) is a South African professional wrestling promotion created in 2002. The promotion was televised in South Africa from 2004 to 2009 and internationally in 2009. CPW is owned by Mark Beale, and is heavily influenced by American mainstream wrestling.
Tridax
Tridax is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

Tridax is native primarily to the tropical regions of North and South America. Tridax procumbens has become naturalized in the southern United States and is considered a noxious weed in some places.

Species

formerly included

see Calea Layia Sabazia

Tridax accedens - Calea verticillata

Tridax ehrenbergii  - Sabazia sarmentosa

Tridax gaillardioides  - Layia gaillardioides

Tridax verticillata  - Calea verticillata

Tridax procumbens
Tridax procumbens, commonly known as coatbuttons or tridax daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.  It is best known as a widespread weed and pest plant. It is native to the tropical Americas including Mexico, but it has been introduced to tropical, subtropical, and mild temperate regions worldwide. It is listed as a noxious weed in the United States and has pest status in nine states.
2014 Faroe Islands Cup
The 2014 Faroe Islands Cup was the 60th edition of Faroe Islands domestic football cup. It started on 15 March and ended with the final on 30 August 2014. Víkingur were the defending champions, having won their third cup title the previous year, and successfully defended their title. As the winner of the competition, they qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League.

Only the first teams of Faroese football clubs were allowed to participate. The preliminary round involved only clubs from 2. deild and 3. deild. Teams from 1. deild and Effodeildin entered the competition in the first round.

2. deild
2. deild is the third tier league of football in the Faroe Islands. It was founded in 1976 and is organized by the Faroe Islands Football Association. It was originally called 3. deild but became 2. deild after a reorganization of the Faroe Islands football league system in 2005.
Cora fimbriata
Cora fimbriata is a rare species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in Colombia. This small lichen forms leaf-like rosettes up to 3 cm across that grow on tree bark, distinguished by distinctive white hair-like fringes along the edges of its lobes that give the species its name. Described as new to science in 2014 from a single location in Casanare Department at 1450 metres elevation, it is currently known only from its type locality where it grows among mosses in partially shaded microhabitats.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Wedding of Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath
The wedding of Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath took place on Friday, 19 June 1976 at Storkyrkan. Carl XVI Gustaf had been king of Sweden since 1973 and Sommerlath was a German-born translator. The couple had met at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in Munich and became engaged in 1976.

The archbishop of Uppsala, Olof Sundby, presided over the Church of Sweden ceremony in Storkyrkan. The ceremony was attended by the bride's and groom's families, as well as members of foreign royal families, diplomats, and various Swedish and German officials.

It was the first marriage of a reigning Swedish monarch since King Gustav IV Adolf married Princess Frederica of Baden in 1797. Sommerlath became Sweden's first queen consort since 1965.

Archbishop of Uppsala
The Archbishop of Uppsala (spelled Upsala until the early 20th century) has been the primate of Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church.
Born Equal
Born Equal is a television film produced for the BBC. Written and directed by Dominic Savage, it stars Colin Firth, Robert Carlyle, David Oyelowo, Anne-Marie Duff and Emilia Fox, and explores aspects of poverty, race, inequality, homelessness, immigration and class in modern Britain by following the stories –  at times intertwining – of several people living in London.

Anne-Marie Duff
Anne-Marie Duff (born 8 October 1970) is an English actress and narrator. She is best known for  her BAFTA nominated television roles in Shameless and The Virgin Queen, and her performance as Grace Williams in Bad Sisters, for which she won the Best Supporting Actress BAFTA in 2024.
Church of St. John the Baptist, Parnell
Church of St. John the Baptist is a heritage-listed Roman Catholic church located in Parnell, a suburb of Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand. Designed by the architect Edward Mahoney, the church was opened in 1861 by Bishop Jean Francois Baptiste Pompallier, the founder of the Catholic Church in New Zealand.  Historically it has supported a convent for the Sisters of Mercy and a school, and as of 2023 continues as a functioning parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland.

The church building was listed as a Category I Historic building by Heritage New Zealand in 2012.

Heritage New Zealand
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga (initially the National Historic Places Trust and then, from 1963 to 2014, the New Zealand Historic Places Trust; in Māori: Pouhere Taonga) is a Crown entity that advocates for the protection of ancestral sites and heritage buildings in New Zealand. It was set up through the Historic Places Act 1954 with a mission to "...promote the identification, protection, preservation and conservation of the historical and cultural heritage of New Zealand" and is an autonomous Crown entity. Its current enabling legislation is the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014.
Val Ferret
Val Ferret is the name shared by two valleys separated by the Col Ferret, a pass on the border between Italy and Switzerland. The valleys lie southeast of Mont Blanc Massif. The Swiss valley drains northeast towards Orsières and on into the Rhône basin; whereas the Italian valley drains southwest towards Courmayeur and on into the Po basin.

The two valleys are connected by a mountain footpath through Col Ferret which forms part of the 170 kilometres (110 mi) circular Tour du Mont Blanc route. Access to Col Ferret is forbidden for private motor vehicles, on both sides.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
Unbelievers (song)
"Unbelievers" is a song by American indie pop band Vampire Weekend. Written by the band's lead singer Ezra Koenig and multi-instrumentalist Rostam Batmanglij, and produced by Ariel Rechtshaid and Batmanglij, the song was released as the third single from their third studio album Modern Vampires of the City in August 2013. The band initially premiered "Unbelievers" in a live performance on Jimmy Kimmel Live on October 31, 2012.   They also performed the song live on an episode of Saturday Night Live prior to it being released as a single.

Rostam Batmanglij
Rostam Batmanglij (Persian: رستم باتمانقلیج, IPA: [rosˈtæm bɒːtmɒːŋɢeˈliːdʒ]; born November 28, 1983), known mononymously as Rostam, is an American musician, record producer and songwriter. He was a founding member of the band Vampire Weekend, whose first three albums he produced. He has been described by Stereogum as one of the greatest pop and indie-rock producers of his generation. Rostam also works as a solo artist and is a member of electro-soul group Discovery. He produced his first number-one album, Vampire Weekend's Contra, when he was 26 years old.

Batmanglij has been nominated for three Grammy Awards: twice for Best Alternative Music Album with Vampire Weekend (winning for Modern Vampires of the City) and once for Album of the Year as producer of Haim's Women in Music Pt. III.