hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Positivist school (criminology)
The Positivist School was founded by Cesare Lombroso and led by two others: Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo. In criminology, it has attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of criminal behavior. Its method was developed by observing the characteristics of criminals to observe what may be the root cause of their behavior or actions. Since the Positivist's school of ideas came around, research revolving around its ideas has sought to identify some of the key differences between those who were deemed "criminals" and those who were not, often without considering flaws in the label of what a “criminal” is.

As the scientific method became the major paradigm in the search for knowledge, the Classical School's social philosophy was replaced by the quest for scientific laws that would be discovered by experts. It is divided into biological, psychological, and social laws.

Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso (/lɒmˈbroʊsoʊ/ lom-BROH-soh, US also /lɔːmˈ-/ lawm-; Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare lomˈbroːzo, ˈtʃɛː-, -oːso]; born Ezechia Marco Lombroso; 6 November 1835 – 19 October 1909) was an Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology. He is considered the founder of modern criminology by changing the Western notions of individual responsibility.

Lombroso rejected the established classical school, which held that crime was a characteristic trait of human nature. Instead, using concepts drawn from physiognomy, degeneration theory, psychiatry, and Social Darwinism, Lombroso's theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic.
1958 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1958 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958, and featured school superintendent Ralph G. Brooks, a Democrat, narrowly defeating incumbent Republican governor Victor E. Anderson, becoming the first Democrat to win the governorship since 1938.

Victor Emanuel Anderson
Victor Emanuel Anderson (March 30, 1902 – August 15, 1962) was an American politician from the state of Nebraska.  A member of the Republican Party, he served in the Nebraska Legislature, as mayor of the capital city of Lincoln, and as the 28th governor of the state.
Job Caudwell
Job Caudwell FRSL FRGS (1820 – 5 June 1908) was an English publisher, bookseller, editor, and activist. He edited temperance and reform literature and advocated for temperance, vegetarianism, and against vaccination. Caudwell also published and edited multiple temperance periodicals and authored a vegetarian cookbook, Vegetarian Cookery for the Million. He played significant roles in the London Vegetarian Association and the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League. He ran a homeopathic institute from his publishing office. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Royal Geographical Society, he was also a member of the Victoria Institute.

Victoria Institute
The Victoria Institute, or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, was founded in 1865, as a response to the publication of On the Origin of Species and Essays and Reviews. Its stated objective was to defend "the great truths revealed in Holy Scripture ... against the opposition of Science falsely so called." Although it was not officially opposed to evolution, it attracted a number of scientists sceptical of Darwinism, including John William Dawson and Arnold Guyot.
A721 road
The A721 road in Scotland runs mainly through North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, serving as a main route within Bellshill, Motherwell, Wishaw and Carluke. It falls within the boundaries of Glasgow and the Scottish Borders for short distances at either end.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Time Bomb Y2K
Time Bomb Y2K is a 2023 American documentary film, directed by Marley McDonald and Brian Becker. An all-archival film, it explores the Year 2000 problem, and the mass hysteria surrounding it.

It had its world premiere at True/False Film Festival on March 3, 2023, and was released on December 30, 2023, by HBO.

True/False Film Festival
True/False Film Fest is an annual documentary film festival that takes place in Columbia, Missouri. The Fest occurs on the first weekend in March (sometimes beginning in late February), with films being shown from Thursday evening to Sunday night. Films are screened at multiple locations around downtown Columbia, including Ragtag Cinema, Jesse Hall, Missouri Theatre Center for the Arts, The Picturehouse, The Blue Note, The Globe, Rhynsburger Theater and the Forrest Theater in the Tiger Hotel. It offers one award each year, the True Vision Award.

True/False Film Fest and Ragtag Cinema are programs of the 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization, the Ragtag Film Society. Ragtag Film Society seeks to champion independent film and media art and to serve film communities both locally and globally.
British Journal of Clinical Psychology
The British Journal of Clinical Psychology is a medical journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Psychological Society covering topics in clinical psychology. It was established in 1981, when the British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology split in two parts, the other being British Journal of Social Psychology. The editor-in-chief is Bethany Wootton. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 2.672, ranking it 38th out of 130 journals in the category "Psychology, Clinical".

British Journal of Social Psychology
The British Journal of Social Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Psychological Society. It publishes original papers on subjects like social cognition, attitudes, group processes, social influence, intergroup relations, self and identity, nonverbal communication, and social psychological aspects of affect and emotion, and of language and discourse. The journal was established in 1962 as the British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology and obtained its current title in 1981. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.920.
Listed buildings in Harrogate
There are 190 listed buildings in the town of Harrogate that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  These are included in the following lists, divided by ward of the former Borough of Harrogate (in effect between 2002 and 2018, see List of electoral wards in Harrogate):

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Bilton Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Granby Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Harlow Moor Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (High Harrogate Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Hookstone Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Killinghall Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Low Harrogate Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Rossett Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Starbeck Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Stray Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Woodfield Ward)

Listed buildings in Harrogate (Hookstone Ward)
Hookstone is a ward in the town of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England.  It contains six listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The ward is to the southeast of the town centre, and the listed buildings consist of houses and associated structures, a farmhouse and stable, and a railway viaduct.
Melville, Saskatchewan
Melville is a city in the east-central portion of Saskatchewan, Canada. The city is about 145 kilometres (90 mi) northeast of the provincial capital of Regina and 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Yorkton. Melville is bordered by the rural municipalities of Cana No. 214 and Stanley No. 215. Its population at the 2016 census was 4,562, making it Saskatchewan's smallest city. It is also home of hockey's Melville Millionaires, who compete in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League, and baseball's Melville Millionaires, who competed in the Western Canadian Baseball League until 2019.

Western Canadian Baseball League
The Western Canadian Baseball League (WCBL) is a collegiate summer baseball league. The league is home to teams based in the Canadian Prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and has roots dating back to 1931 in Saskatchewan's Southern Baseball League. In 1975, the province's southern and northern leagues merged, creating the foundation for the WCBL. Today, the league boasts seven teams in Alberta and five in Saskatchewan.
Rossendale (UK Parliament constituency)
53°42′29″N 2°14′24″W﻿ / ﻿53.708°N 2.240°W﻿ / 53.708; -2.240

Rossendale was a parliamentary constituency in the Lancashire, England. Created in 1885, it elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first-past-the-post voting system. When created it comprised the districts of Rawtenstall, Bacup, and Haslingden; Ramsbottom district was added to the constituency in 1950.

The constituency ceased to exist with the implementation of the 1983 boundary changes and was replaced by the Rossendale and Darwen constituency. The exact nature of the changes were as follows: 9,882 electors of the Rossendale seat were transferred to Bury North. 25,918 electors were added from the abolished Darwen constituency and 5,267 from Heywood and Royton.

Darwen (UK Parliament constituency)
Darwen was a county constituency in Lancashire, centred on the town of Darwen. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1983 general election.

During the 1920s, the constituency was a fiercely contested marginal between the Liberal and Conservative Parties, with the sitting MP defeated at each election. At the 1924 general election, it saw a 92.7% turnout, a record for an English constituency. Following the defeat of Liberal leader Sir Herbert Samuel in 1935, the seat became a safe Conservative seat for the remainder of its existence.

It was largely replaced by the new Rossendale & Darwen constituency.
2-12-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-12-2 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle (usually in a leading truck), twelve powered and coupled driving wheels on six axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle (usually in a trailing truck).

Leading wheel
The leading wheel, or leading axle or pilot wheel, of a steam locomotive is an unpowered wheel or axle located in front of the driving wheels. The axle or axles of the leading wheels are normally located on a leading truck. Leading wheels are used to help the locomotive negotiate curves and to support the front portion of the boiler.
Sigursteinn Gíslason
Sigursteinn Davíð Gíslason (25 June 1968 – 16 January 2012) was an Icelandic football player and manager. A left-sided defender who could also play in midfield, he spent the majority of his playing career in his home country; he started his career with KR and later had spells with ÍA and Víkingur Reykjavík. During the 1999–2000 season, Sigursteinn joined English club Stoke City and played eight matches in the Football League. Following his retirement from playing, he became a coach at his former club KR and went on to spend three years as the club's assistant manager. In 2008, Sigursteinn was appointed as manager of Leiknir Reykjavík, a position he held for more than two seasons before being forced to retire through illness.

Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur
Knattspyrnufélagið Víkingur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰnahtˌspɪ(r)tnʏˌfjɛːˌlaijɪð ˈviːciŋkʏr̥], lit. 'Viking Football Club') , commonly referred to as Víkingur Reykjavík (to distinguish them from Víkingur Ólafsvík) and internationally known as Vikingur F.C., is a professional Icelandic sports club based in the Fossvogur neighbourhood of Reykjavík. It is one of the oldest sports clubs in Iceland, founded on 21 April 1908. Originally founded as a football club, it is now a multi-sport club that also operates divisions in handball, tennis, table tennis, karate and skiing. All sports include both male and female teams.

Its men's football team currently plays in the top-tier Besta deildin and has won eight national championship titles and five Cup titles.

Víkingur's handball department is one of the more successful ones in Iceland, with its men's team having won eight national championships and the women's handball team having won three national championships.
France (film)
France is a 2021 comedy-drama film written and directed by Bruno Dumont. It stars Léa Seydoux, Blanche Gardin, Benjamin Biolay, Emanuele Arioli, Juliane Köhler, Gaëtan Amiel, Jewad Zemmar and Marc Bettinelli.

The film follows the life of a star television journalist caught in a spiral of events that will lead to her downfall. Between drama and comedy, France seeks to compare the intimate and public crisis of a young woman with a portrait of contemporary France. The film had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival on 15 July 2021. It was released in France on 25 August 2021 by ARP Selection.

Blanche Gardin
Blanche Gardin (French pronunciation: [blɑ̃ʃ ɡaʁdɛ̃]; born 3 April 1977) is a French comedian, actress and screenwriter. She became known to the general public through her participation in the Jamel Comedy Club and for her role in the television series WorkinGirls on Canal+, and then became popular with her stand-up shows. She won the Molière Award for Humor two years in a row for her shows Je parle toute seule and Bonne nuit Blanche in 2018 and 2019. As a screenwriter, she notably co-wrote the short program Parents mode d'emploi, broadcast on France 2.
FK Goražde
Fudbalski klub Goražde is a professional association football club based in the city of Goražde in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The club was founded in 1918.

Goražde plays in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the third level of football in the country, and plays its home matches at the Midhat Drljević Stadium, which has a capacity of 1,500.

Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Druga liga Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine / Друга лига Федерације Босне и Херцеговине) is a football league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This level is organized into four different leagues: Sjever (North), Centar (Center), Jug (South) and Zapad (West). (Until the 2011–12 season there was two West leagues.)

This is the second level of football in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the third level of football in the country. Two teams are promoted to the First League of FBiH at the end of the season, while bottom teams (depending on league and number of lower leagues) are relegated to the cantonal leagues. (See Bosnia and Herzegovina football league system.)
Benbatl
Benbatl (foaled 15 February 2014) is a retired British Thoroughbred racehorse and breeding stallion. He was unraced as a two-year-old in 2016 but in the following year he won the Hampton Court Stakes and was placed in both the Craven Stakes and the Dante Stakes as well as finishing fifth in the Epsom Derby. In 2018 he began the season in Dubai where he won the Singspiel Stakes and the Al Rashidiya before defeating a strong international field in the Dubai Turf. On his return to Europe he won the Bayerisches Zuchtrennen in Germany and was then sent to Australia where he took the Caulfield Stakes and ran second in the Cox Plate. In 2019 he secured the first of two victories in the Joel Stakes. He won the Singspiel Stakes for a second time in 2020, and the Joel Stakes for a second time in 2021. At the end of the 2021 season he was retired to stud.

Craven Stakes
The Craven Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres) on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket in mid-April.
George Fiall
George Goodwin Fiall (April 25, 1900 – April 12, 1936) was a Negro leagues infielder. He played for the New York Lincoln Giants (1920–1922, 1927), the Harrisburg Giants (1923–1925, 1927), Baltimore Black Sox (1925–1926), Brooklyn Royal Giants (1928), and Birmingham Black Barons (1929).

Fiall was also on the New York Renaissance basketball tea. He and Fats Jenkins were nicknamed "the Heavenly Twins."

Fiall's older brother, Tom Fiall, also played in the Negro leagues.

Fiall died at the age of 35 in New York City from pneumonia. He is buried at the Beverly Hills Cemetery in Peekskill, New York.

Fats Jenkins
Clarence Reginald Jenkins (January 10, 1898 – December 6, 1968), nicknamed "Fats",  was an American professional baseball and basketball player from about 1920 to 1940. He played when both professional sports were racially segregated as an African-American. Primarily he played left field in baseball's Negro leagues, and point guard for the barnstorming New York Renaissance on the hardwood, where he was also team captain. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 2021.

Jenkins' .333 career batting average is the highest officially listed career average of any player not elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
2026 FIFA World Cup Group F
Group F of the 2026 FIFA World Cup will take place from June 14 to 25, 2026. The group consists of the Netherlands, Japan, the UEFA second round Path B winner, and Tunisia. The top two teams, possibly along with the third-placed team, will advance to the round of 32.

2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 2026 FIFA World Cup will be the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. Played from June 28 to July 19, 2026, the knockout stage will end with the final, to be held at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The top two teams from each of the twelve groups, along with the best eight third-placed teams, will advance to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination tournament. There will be 32 matches in the knockout stage, including a match for third place.
Mount Zion Methodist Church (Somers, New York)
Mount Zion Methodist Church is located on Primrose Avenue (NY 139) in Somers, New York, United States. It is a white clapboard-sided church built in 1794 and expanded in1860. A century later, in 1970, it was severely vandalized.

It is the oldest church in Somers, and important to the establishment of Methodism in New York as the dominant church in northern Westchester County for much of its history. The congregation has been defunct since the late 19th century, and the building and its cemetery are now town property. In 1990 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Vandalism
Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The term finds its roots in an Enlightenment view that the Germanic Vandals were a uniquely destructive people, as they sacked Rome in 455 AD.
Gråbrødretorv 4
Grøbrødretorv 4 is a mid 18th-century residential property situated on the east side of Gråbrødretorv in the Old Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. The three-winged complex was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918. Former residents include the actor Dirch Passer and the artist Bjørn Wiinblad. The latter has decorated the walls of the principal staircase with a series of murals.

Bjørn Wiinblad
Bjørn Wiinblad (20 September 1918 – 8 June 2006), was a Danish painter, designer and artist in ceramics, silver, bronze, textiles, and graphics. His work has been shown widely in Europe, in the United States of America first in 1954 and in Japan, Australia and Canada in 1968. Wiinblad was named Man of the Year in New York in 1985 and was awarded the American-Scandinavian Foundation’s Cultural Prize of 1995.
Jonathan Fletcher House
The Jonathan Fletcher House is a historic house in Medford, Massachusetts.  The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame house was built c. 1835; its builder clearly drew inspiration from designs published by Asher Benjamin, and is an excellent example of transitional Federal-Greek Revival architecture.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Asher Benjamin
Asher Benjamin (June 15, 1773 – July 26, 1845) was an American architect and author whose work transitioned between Federal architecture and the later Greek Revival architecture. His seven handbooks on design deeply influenced the look of cities and towns throughout New England until the Civil War. Builders also copied his plans in the Midwest and in the South.
The Motor Cavaliers
The Motor Cavaliers (Swedish: Motorkavaljerer) is a 1950 Swedish comedy sports film directed by Elof Ahrle and starring Åke Söderblom, Viveca Serlachius and Sten Gester. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director P.A. Lundgren.

Elof Ahrle
Elof Ahrle (21 January 1900 – 3 June 1965) was a Swedish actor and film director. He appeared in 80 films between 1920 and 1960. He also directed ten films between 1942 and 1950. He was married to actress Birgit Rosengren.
Project Catwalk series 2
The second series of Project Catwalk premiered on 8 January 2007 on Sky One, featured 12 fashion designers in a competition finding who was the most talented for fashion designers. Kelly Osbourne replaced Elizabeth Hurley as the host of this series and was judged by a panel including designer Julien Macdonald and Grazia editor-in-Chief Paula Reed.

Wayne Aveline is the winner of the competition. He received a cash prizes of £20,000, featured in the British version of Grazia and a chance to create his own lines at Designers At Debenhams.

Grazia
Grazia (Italian: [ˈɡrattsja]; Italian for 'Grace'; stylized in all caps) is a weekly women's magazine that originated in Italy with international editions printed in Albania, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Colombia, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, India, Jordan, North Macedonia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Pakistan, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom.
Anthony Watson (businessman)
Anthony G. Watson CBE is a British business and technology executive, and human and LGBT rights activist. In November 2021, Watson founded The Bank of London, a clearing, correspondent and wholesale bank, serving as chief executive officer. Since 2013 he has sat on the board of GLAAD. In April 2015, he joined the Bitcoin trading start-up Uphold.com as its president and chief executive officer.

Correspondent account
A correspondent account is an account (often called a nostro or vostro account) established by a banking institution to receive deposits from, make payments on behalf of, or handle other financial transactions for another financial institution. Correspondent accounts are established through bilateral agreements between the two banks.