hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japura Airport
Japura Airport (IATA: RGT, ICAO: WIBJ) is a domestic airport located in Rengat, the seat of the Indragiri Hulu Regency in Riau, Indonesia. The airport, which serves Rengat and surrounding areas, can accommodate BAe 146, ATR 72, ATR 42, Fokker 50 and other mid-sized aircraft. The airport currently serves only one route to Batam in the Riau Islands, operated by Susi Air. Previously, Wings Air operated flights to Pekanbaru, but the service has been discontinued as of 2025.

ATR 72
The ATR 72 is a twin-engine turboprop, short-haul regional airliner developed and produced in France and Italy by aircraft manufacturer ATR.
The number "72" in its name is derived from the aircraft's typical standard seating capacity of 72 passengers.
The ATR 72 has also been used as a corporate transport, cargo aircraft, and maritime patrol aircraft.

To date, all of the ATR series have been completed at the company's final assembly line in Toulouse, France; ATR benefits from sharing resources and technology with Airbus SE, which has continued to hold a 50% interest in the company. Successive models of the ATR 72 have been developed. Typical updates have included new avionics, such as a glass cockpit, and the adoption of newer engine versions to deliver enhanced performance, such as increased efficiency and reliability and reductions in operating costs. The aircraft shares a high degree of commonality with the smaller ATR 42, which remains in production as of 2025.
Paramecium
Paramecium (/ˌpærəˈmiːs(i)əm/ PARR-ə-MEE-s(ee-)əm, /-siəm/ -⁠see-əm, plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. Paramecia are often abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, they have been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Paramecium species are commonly studied as model organisms of the ciliate group and have been characterized as the "white rats" of the phylum Ciliophora.

Isogamy
Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), and is found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or female. Instead, organisms that reproduce through isogamy are said to have different mating types, most commonly noted as "+" and "−" strains.
Peru's Next Top Model
Peru's Next Top Model is a Peruvian reality television series, based on Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model. It is the fourth franchise in Latin America after Brazil's Next Top Model, Mexico's Next Top Model, and Colombia's Next Top Model.  The first season of the series began to air on ATV on September 7, 2013.

The season 1 was the first and only installment, hosted by Peruvian model Valeria De Santis. The series featured fifteen finalists in its cast. Production lasted a total of three months, and the footage was divided into twelve episodes.

The winner of the competition was 23-year-old Danea Panta from Trujillo. As her prizes, she received a modeling contract with Mega Model Management in Miami, appear on the fashion spreads of Cosas magazine, a $10,000 contract with L'Bel Cosmetics, a $10,000 contract with Moda Falabella, and a $5,000 contract with Pantene Pro-v.

Falabella (retail store)
Falabella is a multinational chain of department stores owned by Chilean multinational company S.A.C.I. Falabella. It is the largest South American department store, and a member of the International Association of department stores (since 2006).
Vodacom Tanzania
Vodacom Tanzania Limited is Tanzania's leading cellular network company. As of December 2020, Vodacom Tanzania had over 15.6 million customers and was the largest wireless telecommunications network in Tanzania. Vodacom Tanzania is the second telecom company in Africa, after Vodacom, to switch on its 3G High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) which was available only in Dar Es Salaam in early 2007.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
One-cent coin
A one-cent coin or one-cent piece is a small-value coin minted for various decimal currencies using the cent as their hundredth subdivision.

Examples include:

the United States one-cent coin, better known as the US penny

the Canadian one-cent piece, better known as the Canadian penny

the Australian one-cent coin

the New Zealand one-cent coin

the Hong Kong one-cent coin

the Singapore one-cent coin

the Brunei one-cent coin

the one-cent coin of the decimal Dutch guilder (Netherlands)

the 1 cent euro coin used in several European countries known as the eurozone

the one-cent coin of the South African rand

Cent (currency)
The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals a hundredth (1⁄100) of the basic monetary unit. The word derives from the Latin centum, 'hundred'.

The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter c. In North America, the c is crossed by a diagonal or vertical stroke (depending on typeface), yielding the character ¢.

The United States one cent coin is generally known by the nickname "penny", alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Australia ended production of their 1c coin in 1990, New Zealand last produced their 1c coin in 1988, as did Canada in 2012 and the US in 2025. Some Eurozone countries ended production of the 1 euro cent coin, most recently Slovakia in 2022.
Wilbert Roget II
Wilbert Roget II (born December 7, 1983) is an American composer known for his work on video game music, particularly Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Call of Duty: WWII (2017), Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris (2014), Helldivers 2 (2024), and Star Wars Outlaws (2024). His scores have won multiple awards and nominations from the Game Audio Network Guild, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences, the BAFTA, and the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.

Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences
The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) is an American non-profit organization of video game industry professionals. It organizes the annual Design Innovate Communicate Entertain Summit, better known as D.I.C.E., which includes the presentations of the D.I.C.E. Awards.
Clyde Nelson Friz
Clyde Nelson Friz (1867–1942) was an architect in Baltimore, Maryland, who was active in his field from 1900 until his death in 1942. He is noted for designing the main Enoch Pratt Free Library Branch, the Scottish Rite Temple with John Russell Pope, the Standard Oil Building, and numerous residential commissions in Tuscany-Canterbury and elsewhere.

Enoch Pratt Free Library
The Enoch Pratt Free Library is the free public library system of Baltimore, Maryland. Its Central Library is located on 400 Cathedral Street (southbound) and occupies the northeastern three quarters of a city block bounded by West Franklin Street (U.S. Route 40 westbound) to the north, Cathedral Street to the east, West Mulberry Street (U.S. Route 40 eastbound) to the south, and Park Avenue (northbound) to the west. Located on historic Cathedral Hill, north of downtown, the library is also in the Mount Vernon-Belvedere-Mount Royal neighborhood and cultural and historic district.

The Cathedral Street Main Library is the flagship of the entire Enoch Pratt Free Library system, which includes twenty-one neighborhood branches, it was designated the "Maryland State Library Resource Center" by the General Assembly of Maryland in 1971. Central Library operates as the state library for Maryland.
Nicholas F. Brady
Nicholas Frederick Brady (born April 11, 1930) is an American banker and politician from New Jersey who briefly served in the United States Senate for eight months in 1982 and served as the 68th United States Secretary of the Treasury under U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush from 1988 to 1993. He is a member of the Republican Party.

In April 1982, he was appointed U.S. senator to finish the unexpired term of Harrison A. Williams, and did not seek election. As of 2026, Brady is the last Republican to serve in New Jersey's Class 1 U.S. Senate seat and is the oldest living former U.S. senator since the death of Daniel J. Evans.

As U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Brady proposed and enacted a novel debt-reduction agreement for developing countries which became known as Brady Bonds.

Harrison A. Williams
Harrison Arlington "Pete" Williams Jr. (December 10, 1919 – November 17, 2001) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a Democrat who represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives (1953–1957) and the United States Senate (1959–1982). Williams was convicted on May 1, 1981, for receiving bribes during the Abscam sting operation, and resigned from the U.S. Senate in 1982 before a planned expulsion vote.
Kippure
Kippure (/kɪˈpjʊər/; Irish: Cipiúr) at 757 metres (2,484 ft), is the 56th-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 72nd-highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Kippure is situated in the far northern sector of the Wicklow Mountains, where it lies on the border of counties Dublin and Wicklow in Ireland.  Kippure is the County Top for Dublin, and its height and positioning over Dublin city have made its summit an important site for transmission masts, which are highly visible from a distance.  Kippure's slopes feed into the Liffey Head Bog which forms the source of the River Liffey.  The summit can be easily accessed from the east via a path that lies off the R115 (also called the "Military Road") road along the route to the Sally Gap.

Radio masts and towers
Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them.

A mast radiator or radiating tower is one in which the metal mast or tower itself is energized and functions as the transmitting antenna.
Cody Davis
Cody Davis (born June 6, 1989) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas Tech Red Raiders and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the St. Louis Rams in 2013. He also played in the NFL for the Jacksonville Jaguars and New England Patriots.

Texas Tech Red Raiders football
The Texas Tech Red Raiders football program is a college football team that represents Texas Tech University (variously "TTU"). The Red Raiders competes as a member of the Big 12 Conference, which is a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The program began in 1925 and has an overall winning record, including a total of 12 conference titles and one conference division title. On November 8, 2021, Joey McGuire was hired as the team's 17th head football coach, replacing Matt Wells, who was fired in the middle of the 2021 season. Home games are played at Jones AT&T Stadium in Lubbock, Texas.
Lewis Henry Little
Lewis Henry Little (March 19, 1817 – September 19, 1862) was a career United States Army officer and a Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War. He served mainly in the Western Theater and was killed in action during the Battle of Iuka.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Black Hole of Calcutta
The Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in Fort William, Calcutta, measuring 14 by 18 feet (4.3 m × 5.5 m), in which troops of Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, held British prisoners of war on the night of 20 June 1756.: 58  John Zephaniah Holwell, one of the British prisoners and an employee of the East India Company said that, after the fall of Fort William, the surviving British soldiers, Indian sepoys, and Indian civilians were imprisoned overnight in conditions so cramped that many people died from suffocation and heat exhaustion, and that 123 of 146 prisoners of war imprisoned there died.

Some modern historians believe that 64 prisoners were sent into the Hole, and that 43 died there. Some historians put the figure even lower, to about 18 dead, while questioning the veracity of Holwell's account itself.

Sepoy
A sepoy (/ˈsiːpɔɪ/) was the designation given to an Indian infantryman armed with a musket in the armies of the Mughal Empire and the British East India Company.

In the 18th century, the French East India Company and its European counterparts employed locally recruited soldiers within India, mainly consisting of infantry designated as "sepoys". The largest sepoy force, trained along European lines, served the British East India Company.

The term "sipahi" (or sometimes "sepoy") continues in use in the Indian, Pakistan and Nepalese armies, where it denotes the rank of private.
Rahul Navin
Rahul Navin (born 3 July 1967) is an Indian Revenue Service officer  who has been the Director of Enforcement Directorate since August 2024. He joined the revenue service in the 1993 batch from income Tax cadre.

Before that he served as acting director of Enforcement Directorate (ED) from 2023 to 2024. His tenure saw the multiple investigations and arrests of high profile people like Arvind Kejriwal, K Kavitha Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren in 2024 and arrest of former UCO Bank chairman Subodh Kumar  Goel in 2025.

Enforcement Directorate
The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a law enforcement and economic intelligence agency of the Government of India. Established on 1 May 1956, it is responsible for enforcing economic laws and combating financial crimes. The ED operates under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, with its headquarters in New Delhi.

The ED's primary mandate is to enforce two key laws: the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). Additionally, it is tasked with implementing the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
Trofeo Luigi Fagioli Hillclimb
The Trofeo Luigi Fagioli Hillclimb is a hillclimbing competition held in Gubbio, Italy. The course is 4,150 metres (2.58 mi) in length. The track hosts a round of the Italian Hill Climb Championship also known as Campionato Italiano Velocità Montagna (CIVM).

Gubbio
Gubbio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈɡubbjo]) is a town and municipality (comune) in the northeastern part of the province of Perugia in the region of Umbria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 30,297, it is the 6th-largest municipality in Umbria.

It is located on the lowest slope of Mt. Ingino, a small mountain of the Apennines.
Reparameterization trick
The reparameterization trick (aka "reparameterization gradient estimator") is a technique used in statistical machine learning, particularly in variational inference, variational autoencoders, and stochastic optimization. It allows for the efficient computation of gradients through random variables, enabling the optimization of parametric probability models using stochastic gradient descent, and the variance reduction of estimators.

It was developed in the 1980s in operations research, under the name of "pathwise gradients", or "stochastic gradients". Its use in variational inference was proposed in 2013.

Stochastic gradient descent
Stochastic gradient descent (often abbreviated SGD) is an iterative method for optimizing an objective function with suitable smoothness properties (e.g. differentiable or subdifferentiable). It can be regarded as a stochastic approximation of gradient descent optimization, since it replaces the actual gradient (calculated from the entire data set) by an estimate thereof (calculated from a randomly selected subset of the data). Especially in high-dimensional optimization problems this reduces the very high computational burden, achieving faster iterations in exchange for a lower convergence rate.

The basic idea behind stochastic approximation can be traced back to the Robbins–Monro algorithm of the 1950s. Today, stochastic gradient descent has become an important optimization method in machine learning.
Nitzan Hanochi
Nitzan Yehuda Hanochi (Hebrew: ניצן יהודה חנוכי; born 10 June 1986) is an Israeli professional basketball player who last played for Bnei Herzliya of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. He was named the Israeli Basketball Premier League Most Improved Player in 2011, and the Israeli Basketball Premier League Defensive Player of the Year in 2012.

Bnei Herzliya Basket
Bnei Herzliya Basket (Hebrew: בני הרצליה, lit. Sons of Herzliya), is a professional basketball club that is based in Herzliya, in central Israel. The club plays in the Israeli Basketball Premier League, the top division of Israeli basketball.
Antoine-Charles Taschereau
Antoine-Charles Taschereau (October 26, 1797 – June 11, 1862) was a government official, land developer, and political figure in Lower Canada and Canada East, Province of Canada (now Quebec). He represented Beauce in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1830 to 1838, sometimes voting with the government and sometimes with the Parti patriote, including voting for the Ninety-Two Resolutions.  He opposed the union of Lower Canada and Upper Canada into the Province of Canada.  Following the union, he represented Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1841 to 1844, as an anti-unionist and member of the French-Canadian Group.

Parti canadien
The Parti canadien (French pronunciation: [paʁti kanadjɛ̃]) or Parti patriote (pronounced [paʁti patʁiɔt]) was a primarily francophone political party in what is now Quebec founded by members of the liberal elite of Lower Canada at the beginning of the 19th century. Its members were made up of liberal professionals and small-scale merchants, including François Blanchet, Pierre-Stanislas Bédard, John Neilson, Jean-Thomas Taschereau, James Stuart, Louis Bourdages, Denis-Benjamin Viger, Daniel Tracey, Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan, Andrew Stuart and Louis-Joseph Papineau.
President of the Ateneo de Manila University
The president of the Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila Spanish: Presidente de Universidad Ateneo de Manila; Latin: Praeside Universitas Athenaea Manilensis) is the chief administrator and principal executive officer of the Ateneo de Manila University. The president is directly chosen by the university's Board of Trustees. Thirty people have held the office, in addition to several others who have held it in either an acting or interim capacity. In all cases where the president of the Ateneo de Manila University is unable to fulfill their duties, an appointed officer in charge (OIC) will become acting president.

Roberto Yap is the 31st and current president of the Ateneo de Manila University. He assumed office on August 1, 2020.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Geistesgeschichte
Geistesgeschichte (from German Geist, "spirit" or "mind" [here connoting the metaphysical realm, in contradistinction to the material], and Geschichte, "history") is a concept in the history of ideas denoting the branch of study concerned with the undercurrents of cultural manifestations, within the history of a people, that are peculiar to a specific timeframe.

The term is largely untranslatable, sometimes translated as "intellectual history" or "history of ideas", and sometimes used synonymously with Problemgeschichte.  The branch of study it denotes is often seen as having been inspired by the type of work done by Wilhelm Dilthey and his followers.

Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey (/ˈdɪltaɪ/; German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈdɪltaɪ]; 19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.  As a polymathic philosopher, working in a modern research university, Dilthey's research interests revolved around questions of scientific methodology, historical evidence and history's status as a science.

Dilthey has often been considered an empiricist, in contrast to the idealism prevalent in Germany at the time, but his account of what constitutes the empirical and experiential differs from British empiricism and positivism in its central epistemological and ontological assumptions, which are drawn from German literary and philosophical traditions.
Cheryl Hooker
Cheryl Mazzariello Hooker (born February 15, 1950) is an American politician. She has served in the Vermont Senate from the Rutland district since 2019. She previously served in the Vermont Senate from 1997 to 1999 and several terms in the Vermont House of Representatives.

Vermont Senate
The Vermont Senate is the upper house of the Vermont General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Vermont. The senate consists of 30 members elected from multi-member districts. Each senator represents at least 20,300 citizens. Senators are elected to two-year terms and there is no limit to the number of terms a senator may serve.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the U.S. Senate, the Vermont Senate has special functions, such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions, boards, and (for the first six-year term) the state's judiciary.

The Vermont Senate meets at the Vermont State House in the state capital of Montpelier.