hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aba Dunner
Aba (Avrohom Moshe) Dunner (13 November 1937 – 17 July 2011) was a social and religious activist, who represented and worked for the interests of European Jewry, first as the personal assistant to Rabbi Solomon Schonfeld, then as Secretary to the British office of Agudat Israel, and in his latter years as Executive Director of the Conference of European Rabbis. Although born in pre-war Europe, Aba spent the majority of his life in England, where he was active in both communal work and the business world.

Agudat Yisrael
Agudat Yisrael (Hebrew: אֲגוּדָּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanized: Agudath Israel, lit. 'Union of Israel'; Ashkenazi Hebrew: Agudas Yisroel) is a Haredi Jewish political party in Israel. It began as a political party representing Haredi Jews in Poland, originating in the Agudath Israel movement in Upper Silesia. It later became the party of many Haredim in Israel. It was the umbrella party for many, though not all, Haredi Jews in Israel until the 1980s, as it had been during the British Mandate of Palestine.

Since the 1980s it has become a predominantly Hasidic party, though it often combines with the Degel HaTorah non-Hasidic Ashkenazi Haredi party for elections and coalition-forming (although not with the Sephardi and Mizrahi Haredi party Shas). When so combined, they are known together as United Torah Judaism.
Juan Calatayud
Juan Jesús Calatayud Sánchez (born 21 December 1979) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He played 96 matches in La Liga over the course of eight seasons, in representation of Málaga, Racing de Santander, Hércules and Mallorca. He also competed professionally in Hungary (winning the national championship with Videoton in 2015) and India.

Málaga CF
Málaga Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmalaɣa ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol], Málaga Football Club), or simply Málaga, is a club based in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain, who compete in Segunda División, the second tier of the Spanish league system, following their promotion from the Primera Federación in the 2023–24 season.

They won the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2002 and qualified for the following season's UEFA Cup, reaching the quarter-final stages. They also qualified for the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League, where they were quarter-finalists. Since June 2010, the owner of the club has been Qatari investor Abdullah ben Nasser Al Thani.
Barbara Creecy
Barbara Dallas Creecy (born 17 June 1958) is a South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist who has been the Minister of Transport since July 2024. She was formerly the Minister of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries between 2019 and 2024. She is a member of the National Executive Committee and National Working Committee of the African National Congress (ANC).

Raised in Johannesburg, Creecy joined the ANC in 1979 and was active in the United Democratic Front. Between 1994 and 2019, she served continuously in the Gauteng Provincial Legislature, and she was a member of the Gauteng Executive Council from 2004 to 2019, serving as Member of the Executive Council for Sports, Recreation, Arts and Culture (2004 to 2009), for Education (2009 to 2014), and for Finance (2014 to 2019). She joined the National Assembly of South Africa in the May 2019 general election and thereafter was appointed to the cabinet by President Cyril Ramaphosa.

United Democratic Front (South Africa)
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was a South African popular front that existed from 1983 to 1991. The UDF comprised more than 400 public organizations including trade unions, students' unions, women's and parachurch organizations. The UDF's goal was to establish a "non-racial, united South Africa in which segregation is abolished and in which society is freed from institutional and systematic racism." Its slogan was "UDF Unites, Apartheid Divides." The Front was established in 1983 to oppose the introduction of the Tricameral Parliament by the white-dominated National Party government, and dissolved in 1991 during the early stages of the transition to democracy.
Denis Naughten
Denis Naughten (born 23 June 1973) is an Irish former independent politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Roscommon–Galway constituency from 2016 to 2024, and previously from 2007 to 2016 for the Roscommon–South Leitrim constituency and from 1997 to 2007 for the Longford–Roscommon constituency. He was appointed Chair of the Committee on Social Protection, Community and Rural Development and the Islands in September 2020. He previously served as Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment from 2016 to 2018. He was a Senator for the Agricultural Panel from January 1997 to June 1997.

He was elected as a Fine Gael TD but sat as an independent from July 2011, having lost the Fine Gael parliamentary party whip.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
General Motors BEV2 platform
The GM BEV2 platform is an automotive platform made by General Motors designed specifically for small electric vehicles. Multiple divisions of the LG Corporation have been instrumental in construction in addition to GM's contributions to the platform.

Car platform
A car platform is a shared set of common design, engineering, and production efforts, as well as major components, over a number of outwardly distinct models and even types of cars, often from different, but somewhat related, marques. It is practiced in the automotive industry to reduce the costs associated with the development of products by basing those products on a smaller number of platforms. This further allows companies to create distinct models from a design perspective on similar underpinnings. A car platform is not to be confused with a platform chassis, although such a chassis can be part of an automobile's design platform, as noted below.
Glenn Hall (rugby league)
Glenn Hall (born 21 March 1981) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. He played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the South Sydney Rabbitohs, the Sydney Roosters, the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, with which he won the 2008 NRL premiership and 2009 World Club Challenge with and the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League, while also had a stint in the Super League with the Bradford Bulls. He primarily played as a second-row and prop.

2008 NRL Grand Final
The 2008 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2008 NRL season. It was played between the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and the Melbourne Storm on Sunday, 5 October at ANZ Stadium in Sydney.

The 2008 Grand Final was the first Grand Final played in daylight since the introduction of the night Grand Final in 2001. The two teams had previously played in the 2007 NRL Grand Final, with Melbourne winning 34–8 (overturned due to salary-cap cheating and breaches). Manly reversed this result in 2008, winning 40–0; still the largest Grand Final winning margin in the history of the game, and the first Grand Final since 1978 where the losing team did not score a point.
Jean, Baron de Batz
Jean Pierre de Batz, Baron de Sainte-Croix, known as the Baron de Batz or de Bance, (26 January 1754 – 10 January 1822), was a French royalist and businessman. He is best known for his efforts, often daring and often placing him at personal risk, to save King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. He was born in Goutz-les-Tartas (Gers), and died in Chadieu, near Vic-le-Comte (Puy-de-Dôme).

His life and actions in the service of the French monarchy inspired several popular novelists, including Baroness Orczy (Eldorado, 1913), Rafael Sabatini (Scaramouche, 1921) and more recently Juliette Benzoni (Le Jeu de l'amour et de la mort series, 1999–2000).

Rafael Sabatini
Rafael Sabatini (29 April 1875 – 13 February 1950) was an Italian-born British writer of romance and adventure novels.

He is best known for his worldwide bestsellers: The Sea Hawk (1915), Scaramouche (1921), Captain Blood (a.k.a. Captain Blood: His Odyssey) (1922), and Bellarion the Fortunate (1926). Several of his novels have been made into films, both silent and sound.

In all, Sabatini produced 34 novels, eight short story collections, six non-fiction books, numerous uncollected short stories, and several plays.
Aleksa and Dritan – Count Bravely!
The Aleksa and Dritan – Count Bravely! (Montenegrin: Алекса и Дритан – Храбро се броји!, romanized: Aleksa i Dritan – Hrabro se broji!) was a Montenegrin political coalition between Democratic Montenegro and United Reform Action, established on 17 May 2023.

United Reform Action
The Civic Movement United Reform Action (Montenegrin: Građanski pokret Ujedinjena reformska akcija / Грађански покрет Уједињена реформска акција), commonly known as simply United Reform Action (URA), is a green, socially liberal, and pro-European party in Montenegro. The current party leader is former Prime Minister Dritan Abazović.
Ith Samheng
Ith Samheng (Khmer: អុិត សំហេង; born 1 August 1954) is a Cambodian politician and a member of the Cambodian National Assembly. He previously served as a Minister of Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training (2013–2023) and a Minister of Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (2003-2013) of the Royal Government of Cambodia. In 2003, he was appointed as the Minister for the first time in his political career.

National Assembly (Cambodia)
The National Assembly (Khmer: រដ្ឋសភា, UNGEGN: Roatsaphea [rɔət.sapʰiə]; lit. 'State Assembly') is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Cambodia. It is referred to as the lower house, with the Senate being referred to as the upper house.

The National Assembly is an elected body consisting of 125 members known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Members are elected for five-year terms by party-list proportional representation, using capital/provinces as constituencies of 1 to 12 members, and the D'Hondt method of seat distribution. A political party must secure 63 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.

The National Assembly is headed by the President, currently Khuon Sodary. The seventh National Assembly held its inaugural session on 21 August 2023.
Revolutionary Suicide (album)
Revolutionary Suicide is the twenty-ninth solo album by Julian Cope, released on 20 May 2013, on Cope's own Head Heritage label.

The album shows a strong folk influence, continuing and expanding on the musical style of Cope's side project Black Sheep, as well as earlier solo albums such as Skellington (1989) and Autogeddon (1994). Retaining the acoustic guitars and large marching bass drum of the Black Sheep material, the sound on Revolutionary Suicide is supplemented by analogue monosynths, Mellotrons, synthesized strings and horns, and programmed rhythms.

Revolutionary Suicide is split between two CDs despite having a total running time that would fit on one disc.

Skellington (album)
Skellington is the fifth solo album by Julian Cope, released in November 1989  as a semi-official bootleg for fan club members only. Originally released on Cope's own CopeCo label, it was later reissued in March 1990 through Zippo Records.

Skellington was expanded with the addition of a sequel  Skellington 2: He's Back ... and this time it's personal and released in 1993 as The Skellington Chronicles.

In 2018, Cope released a third installment, Skellington 3.
Gnosall
Gnosall (/noʊsəl/) is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Stafford, Staffordshire, England, with a population of 5,040 across 2,300 households (2021 census). It lies on the A518, approximately halfway between the towns of Newport (in Shropshire) and the county town of Staffordshire, Stafford. Gnosall Heath lies immediately south-west of the main village, joined by Station Road and separated by Doley Brook. Other nearby villages include Woodseaves, Knightley, Cowley, Ranton, Church Eaton, Bromstead Heath, Moreton, and Haughton.

Stafford
Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton and 24 miles (39 km) north-west of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 at the 2021 census, and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians, founded a defensive burh; it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages and later grew into an important industrial town, due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.
Steiner-Parker Synthacon
The Steiner-Parker Synthacon is a monophonic analog synthesizer that was built between 1975 and 1979 by Steiner-Parker, a Salt Lake City-based synthesizer manufacturer. It was introduced as a competitor to other analog synthesizers, like the Minimoog and ARP Odyssey.

The Synthacon includes three voltage-controlled oscillators, a two-pole resonant Sallen Key filter, two attack, decay, sustain and release envelope generators, a pink and white noise generator, and a 49-key keyboard. While the Synthacon was not a modular system, signal routing could be achieved through a series of switches. Although Steiner-Parker only sold a few hundred units, the filter of the Synthacon is still in use in modern modular synthesizers and Arturia's Minibrute and Polybrute series of analog keyboard synthesizers.

Pink noise
Pink noise, 1⁄f noise, fractional noise or fractal noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density (power per frequency interval) is inversely proportional to the frequency of the signal. In pink noise, each octave interval (halving or doubling in frequency) carries an equal amount of noise energy.

Pink noise sounds like a waterfall. It is often used to tune loudspeaker systems in professional audio. Pink noise is one of the most commonly observed signals in biological systems.

The name arises from the pink appearance of visible light with this power spectrum. This is in contrast with white noise which has equal intensity per frequency interval.
Andrew Nikiforuk
Andrew Nikiforuk (born 1955) is a Canadian journalist and author. His writing has appeared in many outlets, including Saturday Night, Maclean's, Alberta Views, Alternatives Journal, and national newspapers. He has won multiple National Magazine Awards for his work. In 1990, the Toronto Star awarded him an Atkinson Fellowship in Public Policy to study AIDS and the failure of public health policy. He has also published numerous books, including Saboteurs: Wiebo Ludwig's War Against Oil, which won the Governor General's Award in 2002 and Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future of a Continent, which won the Rachel Carson Environment Book Award for 2008-09 from the Society of Environmental Journalists.

In 2010, Nikiforuk became The Tyee's first writer in residence.

2002 Governor General's Awards
The 2002 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were  presented by Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada, at a ceremony at Rideau Hall on Tuesday, November 19. Each winner received a cheque for $15,000.
2013 Allsvenskan
The 2013 Allsvenskan, part of the 2013 Swedish football season, was the 89th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. The 2013 fixtures were released on 14 December 2012. The season started on 31 March 2013 and ended on 3 November 2013. IF Elfsborg were the defending champions, having won their sixth title the previous season.

Malmö FF won the Swedish championship this season, their 20th Allsvenskan title and 17th Swedish championship overall, in the 29th round on 28 October 2013 when they won 2–0 in the away fixture against reigning champions IF Elfsborg at Borås Arena. This was Malmö FF's third Swedish championship of the 21st century having won their last title in the 2010 Allsvenskan season.

A total of 16 teams contested the league: 13 returning from the 2012 season and three that were promoted from Superettan.

2012 Superettan
The 2012 Superettan, part of the 2012 Swedish football season, was the 13th season of Sweden's second-tier football league in its current format. The 2012 fixtures were released on 9 December 2011. The season began on 6 April 2012 and ended on 3 November 2012.
Elfrieda "Freddy" Hiebert
Elfrieda "Freddy" Hiebert (born 1948) is an educational researcher whose work examines literacy, learning, early childhood development, teacher development, writing and children's literature. The main thrust of her work addresses literacy learning among at-risk youth in American classrooms. Currently, she is the CEO and president of TextProject, Inc., an agency that is dedicated to bringing beginning and struggling readers to high levels of literacy through a variety of strategies and tools, particularly through using science and social studies texts, used for reading instruction.

Reading
Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol or an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems. The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (e.g., braille).

There is a growing body of evidence which illustrates the importance of reading for pleasure for both educational purposes as well as personal development.
Orson Christensen
Orson Christensen (born c. 1937 or 1938) is an American college football coach. He was the head football coach for Avenal High School from 1964 to 1968, Thomas Jefferson High School from 1969 to 1970, W. F. West High School from 1971 to 1974, Olympic Community College—now known as Olympic College—from 1975 to 1980, Nebraska Wesleyan University from 1982 to 1986, Eastern Oregon State College—now known as Eastern Oregon University—from 1987 to 1996, Dakota Wesleyan University in 1999, Vashon High School from 2001 to 2004, Aberdeen High School from 2005 to 2009, Rainier High School in 2010, and Wapato High School from 2011 to 2012.

Dakota Wesleyan University
Dakota Wesleyan University (DWU) is a private Methodist university in Mitchell, South Dakota, United States. It was founded in 1885 and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The student body averages slightly fewer than 800 students. The campus of the university is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Desperado (chess)
In chess, a desperado is a piece that is (in the first meaning) either en prise or trapped, but captures an enemy piece before it is itself captured in order to compensate the loss a little, or (in the second meaning) is used as a sacrifice that will result in stalemate if it is captured. The former case can arise in a situation where both sides have hanging pieces, in which case these pieces are used to win material prior to being captured. A desperado in the latter case is usually a rook or a queen; such a piece is sometimes also called "mad" or "crazy" (e.g. crazy rook).

Queen (chess)
The queen (♕, ♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. It can move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally, combining the powers of the rook and bishop. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first rank next to the king. Because the queen is the strongest piece, a pawn is promoted to a queen in the vast majority of cases; if a pawn is promoted to a piece other than a queen, it is an underpromotion.

The predecessor to the queen is the ferz, a weak piece only able to move or capture one step diagonally, originating from the Persian game of shatranj. The queen acquired its modern move in Spain in the 15th century.
Joey Saputo
Giuseppe "Joey" Saputo (born September 25, 1964) is a Canadian businessman, the president of CF Montréal soccer team he founded in 1992, and owner of Saputo Stadium, named for his family's dairy products company Saputo Inc. He is also the chairman of the Italian football club Bologna.

Saputo Stadium
Saputo Stadium (French: Stade Saputo) is a soccer-specific stadium at Olympic Park in the borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in  Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The stadium opened on May 21, 2008, and is the current home of CF Montréal (formerly the Montreal Impact). The stadium is built on the former practice track and field site on the grounds of the 1976 Summer Olympics, while the stadium's east side has a view of Olympic Stadium's inclined tower. It has a capacity of 19,619, making it the second-largest soccer-specific stadium in Canada, after BMO Field in Toronto.
Gilad Erdan
Gilad Menashe Erdan (Hebrew: גלעד מנשה ארדן‎ [ɡilˈ(ʔ)ad (ʔ)eʁˈdan]; born 30 September 1970) is an Israeli politician and diplomat who served as Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations from 2020 through 2024.

Erdan previously served as Ambassador of Israel to the United States. He was also a member of the Knesset for Likud from 2003 to 2020, and holder of several ministerial positions, including Minister of Environmental Protection (2009–2013), Communications (2013–2014), Home Front Defense (2013–2014), Interior (2014–2015), Minister of Public Security (2015–2020), Minister of Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy (2015–2020) and Minister of Regional Cooperation (2020).

Regional Cooperation Minister of Israel
The Regional Development Minister (Hebrew: הֲשַׂר לְפִּתּוּחַ אֲזוֹרִי, Sar LePituah Azori) is a member of the Israeli government. Created in 1999 during Ehud Barak's government, the ministry was closed by Ariel Sharon in 2003. However, it was recreated in 2009 by Benjamin Netanyahu.
Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery
Independent Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery, also known as the "Pittsburg Battery", was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Organized in December 1861, the unit first served in the Shenandoah Valley. Battery F fought at Hancock, Winchester, Sulphur Springs, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, and Antietam  in 1862. The following year the unit fought at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Bristoe Campaign, and Mine Run. In 1864–1865, Battery F fought at Morton's Ford and served in the garrisons of Washington, D.C., and Harper's Ferry, West Virginia before being mustered out in June 1865. One enlisted man from the battery won the Medal of Honor for heroic action at Gettysburg.

Battle of Mine Run
The Battle of Mine Run, also known as Payne's Farm, or New Hope Church, or the Mine Run campaign (November 27 – December 2, 1863), was conducted in Orange County, Virginia, in the American Civil War.

An unsuccessful attempt of the Union Army of the Potomac to defeat the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, it was marked by false starts and low casualties and ended hostilities in the Eastern Theater for the year.