hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glossary of linear algebra
This glossary of linear algebra is a list of definitions and terms relevant to the field of linear algebra, the branch of mathematics concerned with linear equations and their representations as vector spaces.

For a glossary related to the generalization of vector spaces through modules, see glossary of module theory.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
1988 Belgian Grand Prix
The 1988 Belgian Grand Prix (formally the XLVI Champion Belgian Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps on 28 August 1988. It was the eleventh race of the 1988 Formula One World Championship.

The 43-lap race was won from pole position by Brazilian driver Ayrton Senna, driving a McLaren-Honda. Senna's French teammate Alain Prost was second, with Italy's Ivan Capelli third in a March-Judd after the Benetton-Fords of local driver Thierry Boutsen and Alessandro Nannini were disqualified for fuel irregularities.

The win, Senna's seventh of the season and fourth in succession, gave him a three-point lead over Prost in the Drivers' Championship.

Thierry Boutsen
Thierry Marc Alain Boutsen (French: [tjɛ.ʁi but.sɛn]; born 13 July 1957) is a Belgian former racing driver, businessman and motorsport executive, who competed in Formula One from 1983 to 1993. Boutsen won three Formula One Grands Prix across 11 seasons.

Boutsen competed in Formula One for Arrows, Benetton, Williams, Ligier and Jordan. He finished fourth in the 1988 World Drivers' Championship with Benetton. Boutsen also competed in 10 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1981 to 1999, finishing runner-up in 1993 and 1996 with Peugeot and Porsche, respectively.

Since retiring from motor racing, Boutsen has moved into the aviation industry, selling business jets from his firm in Monaco. He is also the founder, co-owner and advisor to Boutsen Racing, who have competed in touring car racing since 1998.
Meredith Eaton
Meredith Hope Eaton Gordon (sometimes credited as Meredith Eaton-Gilden; born August 26, 1974) is an American actress. She is 122 cm (4 ft 0 in) tall, and refers to herself as a "short-stature actress". She is known for portraying the attorney Emily Resnick on the CBS television series Family Law (in which she was the first female with dwarfism to fill a regular role in an American prime time series), for her recurring role as Bethany Horowitz on the ABC series Boston Legal, and for her lead role as Matilda "Matty" Webber on the CBS series MacGyver.

Boston Legal
Boston Legal  is an American legal comedy drama television series created by former lawyer and Boston native David E. Kelley, produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. The series aired from October 3, 2004, to December 8, 2008. The series stars James Spader, William Shatner and Candice Bergen. It is a direct spin-off and continuation of the TV series The Practice, with several characters from the eighth season of that series moving to Boston Legal. While never a Nielsen ratings smash hit, the show was critically acclaimed. It received 26 Primetime Emmy Awards nominations, including for Outstanding Drama Series in 2007 and 2008 and a Peabody Award in 2005.
2012 Challenge Chateau Cartier de Gatineau
The 2012 Challenge Chateau Cartier de Gatineau was held from October 25 to 28 at the Centre Sportif Robert-Rochon in Gatineau and at the Buckingham Curling Club in Buckingham, Quebec as part of the 2012–13 World Curling Tour. The men's event was held in a triple knockout format, while the women's event was held in a round-robin format. The purse for the men's event was CAD$40,000, of which the winner, Mark Dacey, received CAD$10,000. The purse for the women's event was CAD$11,500, of which the winner, Julie Reddick, received CAD$3,500.

In the men's final, Mark Dacey defeated Brad Gushue with a score of 7–6, while in the women's final, Julie Reddick defeated Cathy Auld with a score of 8–4.

Mark Dacey
Mark Dacey (born June 22, 1966) is a Canadian curler originally from Saskatchewan. He was based at the Mayflower Curling Club in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Dacey is a former Canadian men's curling champion skip, having won the 2004 Nokia Brier. He defeated Randy Ferbey's team, ending their 3-year Brier winning streak. Dacey went on to win a bronze medal at the 2004 Ford World Curling Championship.
Dein Lob, Herr, ruft der Himmel aus
"Dein Lob, Herr, ruft der Himmel aus" (Your Praise, Lord, Heaven proclaims) is a German Catholic hymn.  Adolf Lohmann adapted a 1659 hymn by the Jesuit astronomer Albert Curtz, who paraphrased Psalm 19. The melody appeared in Augsburg in 1669. It was No. 1 in the 1938 hymnal Kirchenlied and is part of the German Catholic hymnal Gotteslob as GL 381.

Albert Curtz
Albert Curtz (Curtius in Latin; 1600, Munich – December 19, 1671, Munich), was a German astronomer and member of the Society of Foolish 
.  He expanded on the works of Tycho Brahe and used the pseudonym of Lucius Barrettus.
Amarna letter EA 205
Amarna letter EA 205, titled: "Ready for Marching Orders (5)" is a short letter from the Ruler of city Ṭubu. The title references that six mostly identical, very short, letters were scribed by the same scribe, from small regional towns; the scribe also is the writer of Amarna letter EA 195. It is not known if each letter was written at the location of each town, or from an alternative site, or sites.

The six towns are:

Ṣiribašani, Message of Artamanya

town 2, Message of Amawaše

Šashimi, Message of Abdi-Milki

Qanu, Message of the Ruler

Ṭubu, Message of the Ruler

Naziba, Message of the Ruler

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

Tubu (town)
Tubu is the town east of the Sea of Galilee referred to in the (body) of the Amarna letters.

Tubu is the probable biblical town of Tob. In the entire group of El Amarna letters, EA 205 is the only usage of the name Tubu, and only the "Man" (or Mayor/prince) is referenced.

The scribe who wrote EA 205, visited and /or wrote from 6 towns, 5 south of or neighboring, Damascus. Three were named, as only from the "Man" of the town. Three were designated by the "Leader" of the town, and one of the 6 towns, was not mentioned by name. These Amarna letters are all written from the time centering about 1350 BCE and written in Akkadian cuneiform on clay tablets.
Wright Barker
Wright Barker (16 July 1863 – 10 March 1941), known professionally as Wright Barker, but socially as John Wright Barker, was an English painter in oils. He specialised in painting domesticated animals, hunting, landscapes and portraits, but occasionally he depicted other subjects, such as Greek mythology. After training at the Académie Julian, he produced much of his work in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire, although he also painted some pictures in the Scottish Highlands and in Poland. He was elected a member of the Royal Society of British Artists (RBA) in 1896.

Barker painted portraits of  Count Potocki, the Duke and Duchess of Portland, Lord Barnby, the Duke of Peneranda of Spain, and Edward VII's dog Caesar. He also executed a bronze sculpture of the racehorse St Simon. His classical scene of Circe, now in the Cartwright Hall, Bradford, continues to attract comment.

Francis Willey, 1st Baron Barnby
Francis Willey, 1st Baron Barnby, JP (27 February 1841 – 16 February 1929) was an English wool merchant.

Willey was born in Bradford and joined his father's wool business, which later became Francis Willey & Co Ltd and had agencies all over the Dominions and the United States. Willey was also a great horseman, huntsman and racehorse owner. He was created Baron Barnby in the 1922 New Year Honours.

Willey was commissioned sub-lieutenant in the 2nd West Riding of Yorkshire Artillery Volunteers in December 1874. He was promoted major in May 1888 and resigned in April 1891.

His seat was Blyth Hall, Nottinghamshire. He was appointed High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1908. He was succeeded in the barony by his only son, Vernon.

He bought Castle Menzies near Aberfeldy and 11,600 acres of estate in 1918 for £69,000 equivalent to £4,245,600 in 2023). On his death, his widow put the estate up for sale in April 1930.
Shōwa Iōjima
Shōwa Iōjima (昭和硫黄島), also known as  Shōwa Shintō (昭和新島), is one of the Satsunan Islands, usually classed with the Ōsumi Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. A deserted volcanic island, it is located just off the northern shore of Iōjima, Kagoshima.

Ōsumi Islands
The Ōsumi Islands (大隅諸島, Ōsumi-shotō) is an archipelago in the Ryukyu Archipelago, and are the northernmost group of the Ryukyu Islands, The chain extends from the southern tip of Kyushu to Yakushima. Administratively, the group belongs within Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
Miasto bez imienia
Miasto bez imienia (The city without a name) - a volume of poems by Czesław Miłosz, published in 1969 by the Instytut Literacki in Paris as the 178th volume of the Kultura Library.

The titular poem is a reflection on the complicated history of Vilnius. A number of other poems from the volume, many from the time of Miłosz's professorship in California, reflect his thoughts on the United States and contemporary developments, including his polemic and critique of the 1960s counterculture he thought as politically naive and hypocritical (similar thoughts would be published in the collection of essays published in the same year, Widzenia nad Zatoką San Francisco).

Kultura
Kultura (Polish pronunciation: [kulˈtura], Culture)—sometimes referred to as Kultura Paryska ("Paris-based Culture")—was a leading Polish-émigré literary-political magazine, published from 1947 to 2000 by Instytut Literacki (the Literary Institute), initially in Rome and then in Paris. It was edited and produced by Jerzy Giedroyc and ceased publication upon his death.
Phenom II
Phenom II is a family of AMD's multi-core 45 nm processors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture, succeeding the original Phenom. Advanced Micro Devices released the Socket AM2+ version of Phenom II in December 2008, while Socket AM3 versions with DDR3 support, along with an initial batch of triple- and quad-core processors were released on February 9, 2009. Dual-processor systems require Socket F+ for the Quad FX platform. The next-generation Phenom II X6 was released on April 27, 2010.

The Phenom II X4 operates as the processor component of AMD's Dragon Platform, which also includes the 790 series chipset and Radeon HD 4800 series graphics. The Thuban Phenom II X6 is the CPU in the Leo Platform which also includes the AMD 890 chipset and the Radeon HD 5800 series graphics.

Socket AM2+
Socket AM2+ is a CPU socket, which is the immediate successor to Socket AM2 that is used by several AMD processors such as Athlon 64 X2. Socket AM2+ is a mid-migration from Socket AM2 to Socket AM3 and both AM2+ and AM2 socket CPUs and motherboards have the potential to operate together. Actual interoperability depends upon other factors, especially the availability of compatible BIOS firmware, and some PC manufacturers, such as Dell, have not provided compatible BIOS versions that allow use of socket AM2+ CPUs on their products utilizing socket AM2 motherboards, such as the Inspiron 531. It was released in November 2007.
1917 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1917 Los Angeles mayoral election took place on May 1, 1917. Incumbent Frederic T. Woodman, who was appointed after the resignation of Charles E. Sebastian, was re-elected over former Mayor Meredith P. Snyder.

Municipal elections in California, including Mayor of Los Angeles, are officially nonpartisan; candidates' party affiliations do not appear on the ballot.

Meredith P. Snyder
Meredith Pinxton Snyder (October 22, 1859 – April 7, 1937) was a California property owner and businessman who was mayor of Los Angeles on three occasions from 1896 through 1921, and was also on the California Industrial Accident Commission.
Mathilde Raclot
Reverend Mother Saint Mathilde Raclot (born Marie-Justine Raclot; 9 February 1814 – 20 January 1911) was a 19th-century French Catholic nun and missionary from the Sisters of the Infant Jesus who traveled to different countries in East Asia to set up Catholic schools and orphanages. In Singapore, she founded the Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus girls' school and later traveled to Japan where she established a hospice and homeless shelter. In 2014, Mother Mathilde Raclot was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame.

Singapore Women's Hall of Fame
The Singapore Women's Hall of Fame is a virtual hall of fame that honors and documents the lives of historically significant women in Singapore. The hall is the creation of the Singapore Council of Women's Organisations (SCWO), and grew out of an earlier nine-member wall of fame that the organization created in 2005.
Triangles of the neck
The triangles of the neck describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.

The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck; behind, by the anterior margin of the trapezius.

This space is subdivided into two large triangles by sternocleidomastoid, which passes obliquely across the neck, from the sternum and clavicle below, to the mastoid process and occipital bone above.

The triangular space in front of this muscle is called the anterior triangle of the neck; and that behind it, the posterior triangle of the neck.

The anterior triangle is further divided into muscular, carotid, submandibular and submental and the posterior into occipital and subclavian triangles.

Clavicle
The clavicle, collarbone, or keybone is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 15 centimetres (6 in) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on each side of the body. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from Latin clavicula 'little key' because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.
2022 WNBL Finals
The 2022 WNBL Finals was the postseason tournament of the WNBL's 2021–22 season. The Southside Flyers were the defending champions, however they failed to qualify for the finals series. The WNBL Finals schedule was announced 10 March 2022. The Melbourne Boomers won their second championship, defeating Perth in the Grand Final series, 2–1.

Perth Lynx
The Perth Lynx are an Australian professional basketball team based in Perth, Western Australia. The Lynx compete in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) and play their home games at Perth High Performance Centre. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the Northern Star Resources Perth Lynx.

The Lynx were established in 1988 as the Perth Breakers. After being owned and operated by Basketball Western Australia from 2001 to 2015, the Perth Wildcats took over ownership and operation of the team for a period of five years. In 2020, the licence was transferred back to Basketball Western Australia. In 2024, the licence was transferred to Sports Entertainment Group's sporting teams business, SEN Teams. The Lynx have reached six WNBL Grand Finals, winning their only championship in 1992.
Esperos Kallitheas B.C.
Esperos Kallitheas B.C. is the men's basketball section of the Greek multi-sports club of Esperos Kallitheas (full name: POK Esperos/Panathlitikos Omilos Kallitheas Esperos). The basketball club was founded in 1945, two years after the establishment of the parent athletic club. The club has played six times in the top-tier level Greek Basket League, (the last time was in the 1999–2000 season).

Greek basketball league system
The Greek basketball league system is a number of interconnected competitions for professional basketball clubs in Greece. The system has a hierarchical format with a promotion and relegation system between competitions at different levels. There are nine different competition levels in the system. The highest level competitions are the professional and semi professional nationwide competitions, which include the top-tier level Greek Basketball League (GBL), the second-tier level Greek A2 Basketball League, the third-tier level Greek B Basketball League, and the fourth-tier level Greek C Basketball League. Those competitions are then followed by the regional amateur level competitions, which include: the A1, the A2, the B, the C, and/or the C1, and the C2 categories.

The top-tier level Greek Basketball League is organized by the Hellenic Basketball Association (HEBA), while all of the league levels below the top-tier are organized by the Hellenic Basketball Federation (HBF).
Nate White
Nathaniel Ridgway White was an American journalist known for his business and financial reporting at The Christian Science Monitor. He received the second and third Gerald Loeb Awards for Newspapers, the most prestigious award for business journalism.

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).
Faygate railway station
Faygate Station is located on the Arun Valley Line, between Littlehaven and Ifield, 34 miles 28 chains (55.3 km) down the line from London Bridge, measured via Redhill. It serves the small village of Faygate and the Faygate Business Centre, situated on the A264 in the countryside between Crawley and Horsham. It is one of the least used stations in West Sussex.

Ifield railway station
Ifield railway station (pronounced 'Eye-field') serves the neighbourhoods of Ifield and Gossops Green in the West Sussex town of Crawley, England. It is on the Arun Valley Line, 31 miles 66 chains (51.2 km) down the line from London Bridge, measured via Redhill. Train services are provided by Thameslink and Southern.
Vanki
Vanki (Russian: Ваньки) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Vankovskoye Rural Settlement, Chaykovsky, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 553 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Chaykovsky, Perm Krai
Chaykovsky (Russian: Чайковский) is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, located on the Kama River 325 kilometers (202 mi) southwest of Perm, the administrative center of the krai. Population: The population as of 2023 is 75,324 people.
Mickey Vernon
James Barton "Mickey" Vernon (April 22, 1918 – September 24, 2008) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman who played for the Washington Senators (1939–1948, 1950–1955), Cleveland Indians (1949–1950, 1958), Boston Red Sox (1956–1957), Milwaukee Braves (1959) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1960). He also was the first manager in the history of the expansion edition of the Senators (now the Texas Rangers), serving from 1961 through May 21, 1963, and was a coach for four MLB teams between 1960 and 1982.

Vernon retired as a player in 1960 with 2,495 hits, and holds the major league record for career double plays at first base (2,044). He has the American League (AL) record for first basemen for career games (2,227), putouts (19,754), assists (1,444) and total chances (21,408). The lanky Vernon was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 170 pounds (77 kg); he batted and threw left-handed.

Total chances
In baseball statistics, total chances (TC), also called chances offered, represents the number of plays in which a defensive player has participated. It is the sum of putouts plus assists plus errors. Chances accepted refers to the total of putouts and assists only.
Gareth Maclure
Gareth Maclure (born 17 December 1979 in Bury, England) is a former professional rugby union footballer. His regular playing position was on the wing. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and Newcastle Falcons.

Maclure played at amateur level with  Chester-le-Street and West Hartlepool before signing with Newcastle Falcons. Whilst at Newcastle he was a replacement in the final of the 2001 Anglo-Welsh Cup which Newcastle won.

From there, Maclure moved to Glasgow Warriors. He played for amateur side GHA when not needed by the Warriors.

Maclure left the Warriors in 2005.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Olumide Durojaiye
Scott Olumide Durojaiye Listenⓘ(born 20 October 1992) is a Nigerian semi-professional footballer who last played as a midfielder for Weymouth.

He played youth football for Tottenham Hotspur and Norwich City, before joining Scottish sides Falkirk and Brechin City. He has also played for non-league clubs Braintree Town, Enfield Town, Dartford, Hayes & Yeading United, Hungerford Town, Haringey Borough, Maidstone United, Welling United and Woking.

Welling United F.C.
Welling United Football Club is a semi-professional association football club, based in Welling in the London Borough of Bexley, England. The most prominent aspect of the club is its men's first team, who play in the Isthmian League Premier Division, the seventh level of the English football league system.
Michel M. Liès
Michel M. Liès (born 1954) is a Luxembourgish businessman in the insurance sector. He was chief executive officer (CEO) of Swiss Re from February 2012 to June 2016. Since April 2018, he has been chairman of Zurich Insurance Group.

Zurich Insurance Group
Zurich Insurance Group Ltd. is a Swiss insurance company, headquartered in Zürich, and the country's largest insurer. As of 2024, the group is the world's 98th largest public company according to Forbes' Global 2000s list, and in 2011, it ranked 94th in Interbrand's top 100 brands.

Zurich is a global insurance company which is organized into three core business segments: General Insurance, Global Life and Farmers. Zurich employs 55,000 people, with customers in 215 countries and territories. The company is listed on SIX Swiss Exchange. As of 2012, it had a shareholders' equity of $34.494 billion.