hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anfield (suburb)
Anfield is a suburb of Liverpool, England, in the Liverpool City Council ward of Anfield. Historically in Lancashire, it is part of the Liverpool Walton Parliamentary constituency. The population of the Liverpool Ward at the time of the 2011 census was 14,510. The area has been home to the football club Liverpool F.C. ever since the club's founding in 1892. The club's home stadium, Anfield, has been located there since its founding in 1884. As of September 2019, it is ranked the 10th most deprived ward in the United Kingdom.

Liverpool City Council
Liverpool City Council, formerly the Liverpool Corporation is the local authority for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. Liverpool has had a local authority since 1207, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. The council has been a member of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority since 2014.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. It meets at Liverpool Town Hall and has its main offices at the Cunard Building.
Road rash
Road rash is a colloquial term for skin injury caused by abrasion with road surfaces, often as a consequence of cycling and motorcycling accidents. It may also result from running, inline skating, roller skating, skateboarding, and longboarding accidents.

The term may be applied to both a fresh injury and also to the scar tissue left by an old injury. Symptoms may include pain and heavy bleeding.

Motorcyclists can reduce the risks of road rash by wearing appropriate motorcycle personal protective equipment such as a full face helmet, protective clothing, gloves, dusters and boots. Similarly, inline skaters can reduce their chance of such abrasion injuries by wearing protective knee and elbow pads.

Road rash is often termed "gravel rash" in the United Kingdom. That term is old, appearing (with hyphen) as "gravel-rash" in Rudyard Kipling's Kim (1901). According to the OED it first appeared in print in Hotten's A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words (2nd Ed, 1860).

Inline skating
Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport and can refer to a number of activities practiced using inline skates. Inline skates typically have two to five polyurethane wheels depending on the style of practice, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot. The in-line design allows for greater speed and maneuverability than traditional (or "quad") roller skates. Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.

Inline skating is commonly referred to as rollerblading, or just blading, due to the popular brand of inline skates, Rollerblade.

A man inline skating at Vondelpark in Amsterdam.

Recreational inline skating

Typical In-line skating protective gear includes helmet, elbow pads, wrist guards, and knee pads.
Brandon Dubinsky
Brandon Grae Dubinsky (born April 29, 1986) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He previously played for the New York Rangers and Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). Dubinsky was drafted 60th overall in the 2004 NHL entry draft by the Rangers.

2004 NHL entry draft
The 2004 NHL entry draft was the 42nd entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26 and 27, 2004 at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. It is especially notable because it was the last NHL event to take place before the beginning of the 2004–05 NHL lockout, which canceled all the games scheduled for that season.

As of 2025, the remaining active players in the NHL from this draft are Evgeni Malkin and Alexander Ovechkin.
2003 FC Rubin Kazan season
The 2003 FC Rubin Kazan season was the club's 1st season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. They finished the season in third position, qualifying for the 2004–05 UEFA Cup, and reached the Round of 32 in the Russian Cup, with the Round of 16 taking place in the 2004 season.

2004 FC Rubin Kazan season
The 2004 FC Rubin Kazan season was the club's 2nd season in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia. They finished the season in tenth position, were knocked out of the UEFA Cup in the Second qualifying round by Rapid Wien and reached the Last 16 of the 2003–04 Russian Cup and Last 32 of the 2004–05 Russian Cup.
Bob McBride
Robert Bruce McBride (17 November 1946 – 20 February 1998) was a Canadian rock singer-songwriter. He is best known as lead vocalist for the Canadian band Lighthouse. McBride has one Juno Award.

In 2022, Lighthouse members Ralph Cole, Paul Hoffert, Bob McBride and Skip Prokop were honored at the 33rd SOCAN Awards and inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame.

McBride has one Juno Award and two nominations.

Skip Prokop
Ronald Harry "Skip" Prokop (December 13, 1943 – August 30, 2017) was a Canadian drummer,  guitarist and keyboardist. He was also a band leader,  was a founding member of the Canadian rock music groups the Paupers and Lighthouse.
Postage stamps and postal history of Togo
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Togo.

Togo is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi) with a population of approximately 6.7 million.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
David Logan (Oregon politician)
David Logan (April 5, 1824 – March 26, 1874) was an American attorney and politician in the territory of and later state of Oregon. A native of Illinois, he moved to Oregon in 1850 where he served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature and in the Oregon Constitutional Convention. A founder of the Oregon Republican Party, he also served as mayor of Portland.

Oregon Constitutional Convention
The Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857 drafted the Oregon Constitution in preparation for the Oregon Territory to become a U.S. state. Held from mid-August through September, 60 men met in Salem, Oregon, and created the foundation for Oregon's law. The proposal passed with a vote of 35 for adoption to 10 against. Oregon then became the 33rd state of the Union on February 14, 1859.
Fijian language
Fijian (Na vosa vaka-Viti) is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken by some 350,000–450,000 ethnic Fijians as a native language. In the 2013 Constitution, Fijian (referred to as iTaukei) is an official language of Fiji, along with English and Fiji Hindi and there is discussion about establishing it as the "national language". Fijian is a VOS language.

Standard Fijian is based on the Bau dialect, which is an East Fijian language.
A pidginized form is used by many Indo-Fijians and Chinese on the islands, while Pidgin Hindustani is used by many rural ethnic Fijians and Chinese in areas dominated by Indo-Fijians.

1997 Constitution of Fiji
The 1997 Constitution of Fiji was the supreme law of Fiji from its adoption in 1997 until 2009 when President Josefa Iloilo purported to abrogate it. It was also suspended for a period following the 2000 coup d'état led by George Speight.
Kwon Oh-son
Kwon Oh-son (born February 3, 1959) is a Korean football defender who played for South Korea in the 1980 Asian Cup. He also played for Seoul Metropolitan Government, FC Seoul (then known as Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso) and Ulsan Hyundai (then known as Hyundai Horangi).

As a manager, he had managed Seoul Metropolitan Government, before moving to Brunei to coach various national teams since 2005. He was the head coach of the full national team of Brunei in 2016 as well as in 2018. His greatest success was the 2012 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy with the Brunei under-21 team. His tenure with the Wasps ended in March 2019.

2012 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy
The 2012 Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy was the fourth edition of the invitational tournament hosted by Brunei. The tournament took place in Brunei between 25 February and 5 March 2012. The competition is for players under the age of 22 and is being held only for the fourth time after 2002, 2005 and 2007. The tournament was not held in 2009 following the suspension imposed on the Brunei Amateur Football Association (BAFA) by FIFA. The organisers of the Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy 2012 have offered US$15,500 as reward for the champions. Originally, all ASEAN teams were supposed to participate at Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy 2012 (HBT 2012). However, Thailand eventually withdrew before any match were played.

Brunei emerged as the champion after beating Indonesia by 2–0 in the final, while both Myanmar and Vietnam shared the third place.
Renavas Manor
Renavas manor is a former residential manor in Renavas village, Lithuania on the bank of Varduva river. Currently it is a museum. In the manor's park grows the thickest Norway spruce in Lithuania. The manor is valued for its original interior. Renavas Manor is one of the main tourist attractions in Mažeikiai District Municipality.

Varduva
Varduva is a river in northwestern Lithuania. Its length is 90.3 kilometres (56.1 mi). It is a left tributary of Venta; their confluence is on the Lithuania–Latvia border. Its origins and upper reaches are located within the Žemaitija National Park. Its largest tributary is Sruoja. Larger settlements situated near Varduva include Žemaičių Kalvarija, Seda, Renavas, Ukrinai. Varduva has five small hydroelectric power plants: Kulšėnai, Ukrinai, Vadagiai, Juodeikiai, Renavas. The largest of these plants in Juodeikiai produced 2.99 GWh of electricity in 2010.
Big Fish Theory
Big Fish Theory is the second studio album by American rapper Vince Staples. It was released on June 23, 2017, through Blacksmith Records and Def Jam Recordings. Featuring an avant-garde style that leans toward electronic club music genres such as house and Detroit techno, it contains production work from Christian Rich, Zack Sekoff, Sophie, Ray Brady, Jimmy Edgar, GTA, Justin Vernon and Flume, among others; as well as vocal contributions from a variety of artists including Kilo Kish, Kendrick Lamar, Juicy J, Ty Dolla Sign, Damon Albarn, Ray J, ASAP Rocky and Kučka.

Staples promoted Big Fish Theory with a tour through Canada and the United States, the Life Aquatic Tour. The album received widespread acclaim from critics, and debuted at number 16 on the US Billboard 200. It was supported by three singles: "BagBak", "Big Fish" and "Rain Come Down".

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Carbonate, Colorado
The Town of Carbonate is a statutory town and an extinct silver mining camp located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2020 census, Carbonate had a population of 0. Founded in 1879, Carbonate was designated the original seat of Garfield County from its creation on February 10, 1883, until voters moved the county seat to Glenwood Springs later that year. The Carbonate, Colorado, post office operated from April 13, 1883, until November 15, 1886. Carbonate has had no year-round population since the 1890 Census due to its severe winter weather and difficult access.

Silver mining
Silver mining is the extraction of silver by mining. Silver is a precious metal and holds high economic value. Because silver is often found in intimate combination with other metals, its extraction requires the use of complex technologies. In 2008, approximately 25,900 metric tons of silver were consumed worldwide, most of which came from mining. Silver mining has a variety of effects on the environment, humans, and animals.
Julia Spencer-Fleming
Julia Spencer-Fleming (born June 26, 1961) is an American novelist of mystery fiction. She has won the Agatha Award, Anthony Award, Macavity Award, Dilys Award, Barry Award, Nero Award, and Gumshoe Award. She has also been a finalist for the Edgar Award. Her books feature Clare Fergusson, a retired helicopter pilot turned Episcopal priest and Russ Van Alstyne, a police chief. They are set in Millers Kill, a fictional town in upstate New York.

Spencer-Fleming was born in Plattsburgh, New York and has degrees from Ithaca College, George Washington University and the University of Maine School of Law. Spencer-Fleming lives in Buxton, Maine.

Anthony Awards
The Anthony Awards are literary awards for mystery writers presented at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention since 1986. The awards are named for Anthony Boucher (1911–1968), one of the founders of the Mystery Writers of America.
Lederbergvirus P22
Salmonella virus P22 is a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) that infects Salmonella typhimurium.  Like many phages, it has been used in molecular biology to induce mutations in cultured bacteria and to introduce foreign genetic material. P22 has been used in generalized transduction and is an important tool for investigating Salmonella genetics.

Transduction (genetics)
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it is DNase resistant (transformation is susceptible to DNase). Transduction is a common tool used by molecular biologists to stably introduce a foreign gene into a host cell's genome (both bacterial and mammalian cells).
The Troubles in Crossmaglen
The Troubles in Crossmaglen recounts incidents during, and the effects of, the Troubles in Crossmaglen, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

During the Troubles, at least 58 police officers and 124 soldiers were killed by the Provisional IRA in South Armagh, many in Crossmaglen itself. 
Incidents in Crossmaglen during the Troubles resulting in two or more fatalities:

Crossmaglen
Crossmaglen (from Irish Crois Mhic Lionnáin, meaning 'Mac Lionnáin's cross', IPA: [ˈkɾˠɔʃˈvʲɪcˈlʲɪn̪ˠaːnʲ]) is a village and townland in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It had a population of 1,610 in the 2011 Census and is the largest village in South Armagh. The village centre is the site of a large Police Service of Northern Ireland base and formerly of an observation tower (known locally as the "look-out post").

The square's name commemorates Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich, a local man who became Primate of All Ireland (head of the Catholic Church in Ireland), and who died in 1990. However, the Cardinal originated from Crossmaglen's close neighbour, Cullyhanna. Crossmaglen has its own GAA team, Crossmaglen Rangers GAC.

Travelling by road, Crossmaglen is 61.6 miles (99.1 km) to the north of Dublin, 15.8 miles (25.4 km) to the west of Newry, and 51.6 miles (83.0 km) to the south of Belfast.
2015 Ceuta Assembly election
The 2015 Ceuta Assembly election was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 6th Assembly of the Autonomous City of Ceuta. All 25 seats in the Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

Assembly of Ceuta
The Assembly of Ceuta (Spanish: Asamblea de Ceuta) is the regional legislature of the autonomous city of Ceuta, an exclave of Spain located on the north coast of Africa.

The Assembly has 25 members, elected by universal suffrage. Following an election, the members of the Assembly select a Mayor-President to serve as the head of government for the city.
Bushido
Bushidō (武士道; Japanese pronunciation: [bɯ.ɕiꜜ.doː]) is a samurai moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle. Its origins date back to the Kamakura period, but the code was formalized in the Edo period (1603–1868). There are multiple types of bushido, which evolved significantly through history. Contemporary forms of bushido are still used in the social and economic organization of Japan. Bushido is also used as an overarching term for all the codes, practices, philosophies, and principles of samurai culture. It is loosely analogous to the European concept of chivalry, but with some major differences.

Morality
Morality (from Latin  moralitas 'manner, character, proper behavior') is a doctrine or system of moral conduct which involves evaluative judgments about agents and actions, including assessments of actions as moral or immoral behavior and of character traits as virtues or vices, such as honesty or cruelty.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e., opposition to that which is moral or immoral), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.
George Greer
George W. Greer (born 1942) is a retired Florida circuit judge who served in Florida's Sixth Circuit Court (Pinellas-Pasco counties), family law division, in Clearwater, Florida. He received national attention in 2005 when he presided over the Terri Schiavo case.

Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city in and the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States, west of Tampa and north of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 117,292. It is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay area.

Clearwater Beach is part of the city of Clearwater, but is separated from it by the Intracoastal Waterway. Cleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes BayCare Ballpark and Coachman Park.

The Church of Scientology owns the majority of property in the Clearwater downtown core district.
Northern Lights Shopping Center
Northern Lights Shopping Center is a strip mall located in Baden, Pennsylvania near Pittsburgh. It was a major power center-style strip mall from its opening until the early 2000's. A Walmart opened on the adjacent lot to Northern Lights in 2014. Parts of the plaza were demolished in 2018.

Baden, Pennsylvania
Baden is a borough in southeastern Beaver County, Pennsylvania, along the Ohio River. The population was 3,904 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Baden is the former site of Logstown, a significant Native American settlement.
Luca Vettori
Luca Vettori (born 26 April 1991) is an Italian volleyball player, a member of Italy's men's national volleyball team and the Italian club Modena Volley. He was a silver medalist at the 2016 Summer  Olympics and at the  2013 European Championship, and two times bronze medalist in the World League (2013, 2014). With Modena, he won the Italian title for clubs in 2015-2016.

2013 FIVB Volleyball World League
The 2013 FIVB Volleyball World League was the 24th edition of the annual men's international volleyball tournament, played by 18 countries from 31 May to 21 July 2013. The Final Round was held in Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Laurie O'Reilly
Laurence Michael O'Reilly (1 February 1942 – 15 January 1998) was a New Zealand rugby union coach, lawyer, lecturer and Commissioner for Children from 1994 to 1997. He was the first coach of the New Zealand women's national team, the Black Ferns.

New Zealand women's national rugby union team
The New Zealand women's rugby union team, called the Black Ferns (Māori: Rarauhe Pango [ɾaɾaʉhɛ paŋɔ]), represents New Zealand (excluding Hawke's Bay and North Harbour provinces) in women's international rugby union, which is the country's national sport. The team has won six out of ten Women's Rugby World Cup tournaments.

They have an 82 percent winning record in Test Match rugby, (updated 27 September 2025). Since their official international debut in 1991, the Black Ferns have lost to only five of the sixteen nations they have played against — Canada, England, France, Ireland and the United States. The team performs a haka before every match; this is a Māori challenge or posture dance. Traditionally the Black Ferns use the haka Ko Uhia Mai.
Tiny Island Productions
Tiny Island Productions is a CG animation production company based in Singapore. It specializes in both normal CG and stereoscopic 3D film productions. It produced the Ben 10: Destroy All Aliens CG movie which won the Best 3D Animated Program award at the Asian Television Awards 2012 as well as the Dream Defenders television series.

3D film
3D films are motion pictures made to give an illusion of three-dimensional solidity, usually with the help of special glasses worn by viewers. 3D films were prominently featured in the 1950s in American cinema and later experienced a worldwide resurgence in the 1980s and 1990s driven by IMAX high-end theaters and Disney-themed venues. 3D films became increasingly successful throughout the 2000s, peaking with the success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009, after which 3D films again decreased in popularity. Certain directors have also taken more experimental approaches to 3D filmmaking, most notably celebrated auteur Jean-Luc Godard in his film Goodbye to Language.
Bodleian Library, MSS Bodley 340 and 342
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MSS Bodley 340 and 342 are two medieval manuscripts kept at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. They date from the early 11th century and contain a collection of Old English homilies in two volumes. From the middle of the 11th century, they were kept in Rochester, Kent. They are particularly notable for containing medieval pen trials by monks from Normandy, Flanders, Germany, and Italy, including the Old Dutch poem known as Hebban olla vogala.

Old Dutch
In linguistics, Old Dutch (Modern Dutch: Oudnederlands) or Old Low Franconian (Modern Dutch: Oudnederfrankisch)  is the set of dialects that evolved from Frankish spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages, from around the 6th to the 12th century. Old Dutch is mostly recorded on fragmentary relics, and words have been reconstructed from Middle Dutch and Old Dutch loanwords in French.

Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. It was spoken by the descendants of the Salian Franks who occupied what is now the southern Netherlands, northern Belgium, part of northern France, and parts of the Lower Rhine regions of Germany. It evolved into Middle Dutch around the 12th century. The inhabitants of northern Dutch provinces, including Groningen, Friesland, and the coast of North Holland, spoke Old Frisian, and some in the east (Achterhoek, Overijssel, and Drenthe) instead spoke Old Saxon.