hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc. v. Kaleidescape, Inc.
DVD Copy Control Association, Inc. v. Kaleidescape, Inc., 176 Cal. App. 4th 697 is a legal case heard by the California Court of Appeal concerning breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.  It discusses incorporation by reference regarding a supplemental document that was not part of the written license agreement between the parties.  The Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's judgment and ruled in favor of the plaintiff (DVD Copy Control Association), finding that defendant was bound to the entire contract, including the supplemental document.

This case is also of interest in the realm of copyright law due to its tangential relationship to the issues of fair use and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill
Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill (1919-1974) was a Ghanaian judge and academic. He was a justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana from 1971 to 1972. He was also a professor of law at the University of Zambia and the University of Ghana. He was a fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Supreme Court of Ghana
The Supreme Court of Ghana is the highest judicial body in Ghana. Ghana's 1992 constitution guarantees the independence and separation of the Judiciary from the Legislative and the Executive arms of government.

The Supreme Court of Ghana has the final say on legal matters and can overturn lower court decisions. The Court consists of nine justices and hears cases on a wide range of issues, including criminal law, civil law, and administrative law.
Samoa national under-23 football team
The Samoa national under-23 football team, also known as Samoa U-23, represents Samoa at U23 tournaments. The team is considered to be the feeder team for the Samoa national football team and is controlled by the Football Federation of Samoa.

Samoa national football team
The Samoa national football team (Samoan: Sāmoa soka au) represents Samoa in men's international football and is controlled by the Football Federation Samoa, the governing body for football in Samoa. Samoa's home ground is Toleafoa J. S. Blatter Soccer Stadium in Apia. It was known as the Western Samoa national football team until 1997.
1932 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1932 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1932, as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Missouri was won by Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt (D–New York), running with Speaker John Nance Garner, with 63.39 percent of the popular vote, against incumbent President Herbert Hoover (R–California), running with Vice President Charles Curtis, with 35.08 percent of the popular vote.

This is the last election in which Cedar County, Dade County, Miller County, and Wright County have voted for a Democratic presidential nominee, and the only election since the Civil War when Unionist Ozark Camden County, Christian County and Stone County did so.

Miller County, Missouri
Miller County is a county located in the northern Ozarks region of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,722. Its county seat is Tuscumbia. The county was organized February 6, 1837, and named for John Miller, former U.S. Representative and Governor of Missouri.
Ishangopalpur massacre
Ishangopalpur massacre (Bengali: ঈশানগোপালপুর গণহত্যা) refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindus in Ishangopalpur village, in the outskirts of Faridpur on 2 May 1971. The Pakistani Army shot and bayoneted 28 Bengali Hindus to death.

Faridpur District
Faridpur District (Bengali: ফরিদপুর জেলা) is a district in south-central Bangladesh. It is a part of Dhaka Division. It is bounded by the Padma River to the northeast. The district was named for its headquarters, the city of Faridpur, which itself was named for Farīd-ud-Dīn Masʿūd, a 13th-century Sufi saint. A separate district was created by severing Dhaka district in 1786 and was called Dacca Jelalpur. A municipality was established in 1869. Historically, the town was known as Fatehabad. It was also called Haveli Mahal Fatehabad.
Róisín Smyth
Róisín Smyth (also known as Roisin Smyth) (born 26 October 1963) is a middle-distance runner from County Londonderry in Northern Ireland. Her focus areas were cross-country and 3,000 m on the track. She competed in the 3000 m heats at the 1984 Summer Olympics, the 1991 World Championships as well as at six World Cross Country championships. She was all-Ireland 3000 m champion on three occasions, and once at 1500 m. Smyth competed in the World Cross Country Championships for both Northern Ireland and Ireland.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
José Antonio Monago
José Antonio Monago Terraza (born 10 January 1966) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP) who served as President of the Regional Government of Extremadura, the Extremaduran regional administration, from 2011 to 2015. Outside of political life, Monago received a Doctorate in Law from the University of Salamanca He became Extremaduran regional leader of the PP in 2007 and served as a city councillor in Badajoz and as a PP deputy in the Extremaduran Assembly. The Extremaduran Assembly appointed him to the Spanish Senate in 2008.

President of the Regional Government of Extremadura
The president of the Autonoumous Government of Extremadura (Spanish: Presidente de la Junta de Extremadura) is the head of government of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura.

María Guardiola from the PP is the current president of the Government of Extremadura; she was elected with the support of Vox.
Ho Sai-chu
Ho Sai-chu, GBM, JP (Chinese: 何世柱; born 6 June 1937) was a Hong Kong entrepreneur and the member of the Legislative Council from 1985 to 1991 for Commercial (Second) constituency, Provisional Legislative Council from 1996 to 1998 and Legislative Council after the transfer of the Hong Kong sovereignty in 1998 to 2000 for the Election Committee constituency. He is also the member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee and life honorary chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce.

Provisional Legislative Council
The Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) was the interim legislature of Hong Kong that operated from 1997 to 1998. The legislature was founded in Guangzhou and sat in Shenzhen from 1996 (with offices in Hong Kong), until the 1997 handover when it moved to Hong Kong to temporarily replace the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

The legislature was established by the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region by resolution at its Second Plenary Session on 24 March 1996. The 60 members of the PLC were elected on 21 December 1996 by the 400-member Selection Committee for the First Government of the HKSAR, which also elected the first Chief Executive. The official start date for this council was on 25 January 1997.
Dave Schrage
Dave Schrage is an American baseball coach and former outfielder. He played college baseball at Creighton University for head coach Dave Underwood from 1980 to 1983. He then served as the head coach of the Waldorf Warriors (1988–1990), Northern Iowa Panthers (1991–1999), Northern Illinois Huskies (2000–2002), Evansville Purple Aces (2003–2006), Notre Dame Fighting Irish (2007–2010) South Dakota State Jackrabbits (2012–2016) and the Butler Bulldogs (2017–2022).

Waldorf University
Waldorf University is a private for-profit university in Forest City, Iowa. It was founded in 1903 and associated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and its predecessors. In 2010, it was sold to Columbia Southern University and became a for-profit institution; twelve years later, on January 1, 2022, ownership was transferred to the Waldorf Lutheran College Foundation.
Orders, decorations, and medals of the Korean Empire
In 1897, Emperor Gojong of Korea decided to establish orders, decoration, and medals, which he had been considered for months. The emperor decided the recipients. If the recipients have big merits, money and pension were awarded with it. All except Order of the Auspicious Stars, Order of the Palgwae, and Order of the Auspicious Phoenix were established in 1898. Order of the Palgwae was established Order of the Auspicious Stars was established in 1900. Lastly Order of the Auspicious Phoenix was established in 1905. After the colonization of Korea started by Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, these orders were disbanded. But, wearing of these orders were possible even during the colonization.

Medals lingered was kept in Dae jo jeon. However most of these kept medals were burned when there was a fire in Dae jo jeon on 11 October 1917 during Japanese Colonization.

Order of the Auspicious Stars
The Order of the Auspicious Stars was the second highest order of chivalry of the Korean Empire. It was established in 1897 with other orders by Emperor Gojong, as part of reforms of the Korean Empire.
Heriberto Jurado
Heriberto De Jesús Jurado Flores (born 3 January 2005) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a winger for Belgian Pro League club Cercle Brugge and the Mexico national under-20 team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2022".

Mexico national under-20 football team
The Mexico national under-20 football team represents Mexico in association football at the under-20 age level, and is controlled by the Mexican Football Federation (FMF), the governing body of football in Mexico.

The team has won the CONCACAF Under-20 Championship a record thirteen times across its various formats. Mexico's best finish came at the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship finishing as runners-up, the first edition of a FIFA-sanctioned youth tournament. They also managed a third-place finish at the 2011 edition.
Yulon
Yulon Motor Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 裕隆汽車; pinyin: Yùlóng Qìchē) is a Taiwanese automaker and importer. Taiwan's biggest automaker as of 2010, Yulon is known for building Nissan models under license. The original romanization of the company's name is Yue Loong, but in 1992 the company renewed its logo and switched to the shorter Yulon name. Historically, it is one of Taiwan's "big four" automakers. The company has over time evolved as a holding company that encompassed multiple public entities such as Yulon-Nissan Motor, Yulon Financial, Yulon Rental, Carnival Industrial Corporation and others. The group currently has a rivalry with Hotai Motor Group as the two largest Taiwanese automotive companies.

Yulon created a new brand to sell self-designed cars, Luxgen, in 2010.

As of 2017 it had a revenue of NT$99 billion (US$3.4 billion) and about 12,680 employees.

Luxgen
Luxgen Motor Co., Ltd. is a Taiwanese automotive manufacturer headquartered in Miaoli County. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Foxtron.

Luxgen was founded in 2009, and the company's motto is "Think Ahead". From 2010 to 2020, its vehicles were manufactured and marketed in China by Dongfeng Yulon. Currently, Luxgen products are primarily manufactured and marketed in Taiwan.
Morgane Ikene
Morgane Ikene (Arabic: مورغان إيكن; born 13 January 1999) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Seconde Ligue club Saint-Malo. Born in France, she represents Algeria at full international level.

Algeria women's national football team
The Algeria women's national football team (Arabic: منتخب الجزائر لكرة القدم للسيدات) represents Algeria in international women's football.

Algeria played its first match in 1998, against France, and lost 14–0. The team has never qualified for a World Cup. It has qualified six times for the Women's Africa Cup of Nations.

Algeria plays its home games at the Stade du 5 Juillet in Algiers and is coached by Farid Benstiti since December 2022. They are currently ranked 84th in the world in the FIFA women's rankings. The team's highest ranking was 64th, in June 2009.
Laura Kraft
Laura Kraft (born 1 December 1990) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens who has been a member of the Bundestag since the 2021 German federal election, representing the Siegen-Wittgenstein district.

Siegen-Wittgenstein (electoral district)
Siegen-Wittgenstein is an electoral constituency (German: Wahlkreis) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 147. It is located in southern North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein.

Siegen-Wittgenstein was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. From 2009 to 2025, it has been represented by Volkmar Klein of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since 2025 it is been represented by Benedikt Büdenbender of the CDU.
Timo Tjahjanto
Timothy Tjahjanto (Indonesian: [tʃahˈjanto]; born 4 September 1980) is an Indonesian filmmaker known for his film works mostly on the horror and action genres. Tjahjanto owns the film production company Merah Production.

Apart from directing, producing, and writing story for his own films, Tjahjanto is also known as one half of The Mo Brothers with friend and fellow filmmaker Kimo Stamboel. The duo received a Citra Award nomination for Best Director in 2016 for Headshot while Tjahjanto himself won the Maya Award for Best Director in 2019 for May the Devil Take You.

Maya Awards (Indonesia)
Maya Awards (Indonesian: Piala Maya) is an annual Indonesian film awards initiated in 2012 by Indonesian online film enthusiasts who were active on Twitter.

The first annual Maya Awards was held on December 15, 2012 in Jakarta. It has been cited by local media outlets as the "Indonesian Golden Globe" with the annual Citra Awards of Indonesian Film Festival being the Indonesian equivalent of Academy Awards.

The nominations and winners of the awards are selected by a panel of judges consisting of Indonesian film critics and filmmakers, including directors, actors, and actresses. The festival was founded by local film critic Hafiz Husni.
2018–19 Armenian First League
The 2018–19 Armenian First League season was the 27th since its establishment. The season was launched on August 6, 2018, and concluded on June 13, 2019. Junior Sevan were reigned as champions, however, they did not gain promotion to the 2019–20 Armenian Premier League, due to not meeting the requirements of the Football Federation of Armenia to take part at the Armenian Premier League competition. Instead, runners-up Yerevan gained promotion, as they met the above-mentioned requirements.

Football Federation of Armenia
The Football Federation of Armenia (FFA) (Armenian: Հայաստանի Ֆուտբոլի Ֆեդերացիա, Hayastani Futboli Federats’ia) is the governing body of football in Armenia. Its headquarters are located in Yerevan.

The Federation organizes the Armenian Premier League, the Armenian First League, the Armenian Super Cup, the Armenian Independence Cup, and the Armenian Futsal Premier League. It is responsible for appointing the management of the Armenia national football team, and the Armenia women's national football team. The Armenia national futsal team is also managed by the Federation.

The FFA was awarded a synthetic football turf pitch by FIFA through its GOAL programme.
Iron & Silk
Iron and Silk is a 1986 autobiographical novel written by Mark Salzman. It describes his experiences in China as an English teacher and as a student of Kung Fu. The book was later made into a film of the same name.

Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, commonly referred to with umbrella terms kung fu (/ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/; Chinese: 功夫; pinyin: gōngfu; Jyutping: gung1 fu1; Cantonese Yale: gūng fū), kuoshu (Chinese: 國術; pinyin: guóshù; Jyutping: gwok3 seot6) or wushu (Chinese: 武術; pinyin: wǔshù; Jyutping: mou5 seot6), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" of martial arts. Examples of such traits include Shaolinquan  (少林拳) physical exercises involving Five Animals (五形) mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called internal (内家拳; nèijiāquán), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called external (外家拳; wàijiāquán). Geographical associations, as in northern (北拳; běiquán) and southern (南拳; nánquán), is another popular classification method.
Democratic Alliance v President
Democratic Alliance v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, often known as Simelane, is a 2012 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which expanded rationality review to include an evaluation of the relationship between the procedure by which, executive decisions are taken and the purpose for which the relevant executive power is conferred. Applying this augmented standard, the court held that President Jacob Zuma had acted irrationally and unconstitutionally in appointing Menzi Simelane as the National Director of Public Prosecutions, given that he had neglected to consider prima facie evidence of dishonesty by Simelane.

South African constitutional law
South African constitutional law is the area of South African law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa by the country's courts. All laws of South Africa must conform with the Constitution; any laws inconsistent with the Constitution have no force or effect.
Paresh Baruah
Paresh Baruah is an Assamese separatist militant leader and the CS of the ULFA, which is fighting for the separation of Assam from India. Baruah is one of the founding members of the ULFA and single handedly driven away the outfit after Arabinda Rajkhowa led Pro-truce ended with defuncting their ideological concept following years long lateral talks with Indian Union.

Arabinda Rajkhowa
Arabinda Rajkhowa (born Rajib Rajkonwar) is a former chairman of ULFA and the current head of ULFA pro-talks faction which signed a peace accords with the Centre and the Assam government in the presence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah and Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma to solve the problem of insurgency in the region.

He is one of the founder members of the group.  He was also the Vice-President of the Indo-Burma Revolutionary Front. He was a leader of the Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuva Chatra Parishad (AJYCP), a radical students' group in Assam, before he founded ULFA.
Nihar Ranjan Gupta's house
Nihar Ranjan Gupta's house, located in Narail district, Bangladesh, is an archaeological monument of Bangladesh. It is the ancestral home of Bengali novelist, Nihar Ranjan Gupta. The house is 10 kilometers from Lohagara Upazila. In 2003, the BNP—Jamaat government declared the residence as a preserved antiquity.

Lohagara Upazila, Narail
Lohagara (Bengali: লোহাগড়া) is an upazila of Narail District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. Lohagara Thana was established in 1861 and was converted into an upazila in 1984. It is named after its administrative center, the town of Lohagara.
2025 World Para Athletics Championships
The 2025 World Para Athletics Championships (Hindi: 2025 विश्व पैरा एथलेटिक्स चैंपियनशिप; also known as IndianOil New Delhi 2025 World Para Athletics Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a para-athletics meet organised by the World Para Athletics, the respective sport branch of the International Paralympic Committee. This was the 12th edition of the event and was held at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi, from 27 September to 5 October 2025. This was the first time the event was hosted in India as well as in South Asia.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Jungbu-dong, Gyeongju
Jungbu-dong is a dong or a neighbourhood of the Gyeongju City, North Gyeongsang province, South Korea. It is bordered by Songdong-dong and Hwango-dong on the east, Seonggeon-dong on the west, Hwangnam-dong on the south and Hwangseong-dong on the north. Its 0.93 square kilometers are home to about 6,894 people. It is an administrative dong that consists of five legal dongs such as Seobu-dong, Dongbu-dong, Bukbu-dong, Noseo-dong, and Nodong-dong.

Jungbu-dong has two elementary schools and one middle school.

Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).
Lynwood station
Lynwood station is an elevated light rail station on the C Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located in the median of Interstate 105 above Long Beach Boulevard, in the city of Lynwood, California, after which the station is named.

The original name for the station was Long Beach Boulevard/I-105, but was later shortened to Long Beach Boulevard.

In January 2025, Metro board chair Janice Hahn, on behalf of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments, requested that the station be renamed Lynwood, to prevent confusion with the A Line station down in Long Beach. The name change was approved on January 23, 2025, and went into effect on June 6, 2025, coinciding with the opening of the LAX/Metro Transit Center.

Interstate 105 (California)
Interstate 105 (I-105, locally referred to as the 105) is an east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in the Greater Los Angeles urban area of Southern California. It runs from State Route 1 (SR 1) near El Segundo and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to Studebaker Road in the City of Norwalk. It is commonly known as the Century Freeway after Century Boulevard which it parallels, and also officially known as the Glenn Anderson Freeway after the late congressman Glenn M. Anderson who advocated for its construction.