hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vulnerable (Selena Gomez song)
"Vulnerable" is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her third studio album, Rare (2020), included as the sixth track on the standard version album, and on the deluxe version the eighth track. The track was written by Gomez, Amy Allen, Jordan Johnson, Stefan Johnson, and Jonathan Bellion, with the latter handling production alongside the Monsters & Strangerz.

The song received acclaim from music critics, who praised Gomez's vocals and the songwriting.

Amy Allen (songwriter)
Amy Rose Allen (born January 31, 1992) is an American songwriter, record producer, and singer. She is credited with songwriting for artists including Sabrina Carpenter, Harry Styles, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Tate McRae, Halsey, Rosé, and Shawn Mendes, among others.

Allen was nominated for the inaugural Songwriter of the Year award at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards for her work on releases by King Princess, Alexander 23, Lizzo, Charli XCX, Carpenter and Styles. At the same ceremony, she won Album of the Year for her contribution to the latter's Harry's House (2022). She received the award for Songwriter of the Year, Non-Classical at the 67th Annual Grammy Awards for her work on releases by Leon Bridges, Carpenter, Koe Wetzel, Jessie Murph, McRae, Olivia Rodrigo, and Justin Timberlake. Allen won the award for a second time at the 68th Annual Grammy Awards.
Triphosphorus pentanitride
Triphosphorus pentanitride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula P3N5. Containing only phosphorus and nitrogen, this material is classified as a binary nitride. While it has been investigated for various applications this has not led to any significant industrial uses. It is a white solid, although samples often appear colored owing to impurities.

Boron nitride
Boron nitride is a thermally and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN. It exists in various crystalline forms that are isoelectronic to a similarly structured carbon lattice. The hexagonal form corresponding to graphite is the most stable and soft among BN polymorphs, and is therefore used as a lubricant and an additive to cosmetic products. The cubic (zincblende aka sphalerite structure) variety analogous to diamond is called c-BN; it is softer than diamond, but its thermal and chemical stability is superior.

Because of excellent thermal and chemical stability, boron nitride ceramics are used in high-temperature equipment and metal casting. Boron nitride has potential use in nanotechnology.
Edward Royce (director)
Edward Royce or Edward Royce Jr. (born James William Reddall; 14 December 1870 – 15 June 1964) was an English director and choreographer of musical theatre, best remembered for his series of successful productions on Broadway. His father was the actor, dancer, singer and stage manager E. W. Royce.

Royce choreographed and/or directed more than a dozen comic operas and Edwardian musical comedies in London from 1902 to 1916, most of them for George Edwardes. Moving to Broadway, he directed a series of musicals, including several Princess Theatre musicals, including Oh, Boy! (1917), and such other successes as Irene (1919), Sally (1920), and several Ziegfeld productions.

Royce also directed in Australia and elsewhere in the United States, choreographed a few motion picture musicals, and later returned to England to direct a revival of A Waltz Dream (1934) and co-author a musical comedy, Fritzi (1935).

George Edwardes
George Joseph Edwardes (né Edwards; 8 October 1855 – 4 October 1915) was an English theatre manager and producer of Irish ancestry who brought a new era in musical theatre to the British stage and beyond.

Edwardes started out in theatre management, soon working at a number of West End theatres. By the age of 20, he was managing theatres for Richard D'Oyly Carte. In 1885, Edwardes became a manager at the Gaiety Theatre with John Hollingshead, who soon retired.

For the next three decades, Edwardes ruled a theatrical empire including the Gaiety, Daly's Theatre, the Adelphi Theatre and others, and sent touring companies around Britain and abroad. In the early 1890s, Edwardes recognised the changing tastes of musical theatre audiences and led the movement away from burlesque and comic opera to Edwardian musical comedy.
Clive Shields
Clive Shields (28 April 1879 – 4 September 1956) was an Australian politician. He was a United Australia Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1932 to 1940, representing the electorate of Castlemaine and Kyneton. He was Assistant Minister in Charge of Sustenance from 1933 to 1935 and briefly Minister for Agriculture in 1935 under Sir Stanley Argyle.

Stanley Argyle
Sir Stanley Seymour Argyle KBE, MRCS, LRCP (4 December 1867 – 23 November 1940), was an Australian radiologist and politician. He served as premier of Victoria from 1932 to 1935 and was the state leader of the Nationalist Party and United Australia Party from 1930 until his death in 1940.
Mississippi Damned
Mississippi Damned is a 2009 American drama film written and directed by Tina Mabry and starring Tessa Thompson, D. B. Woodside, Malcolm Goodwin, Malcolm David Kelley and Michael Hyatt. The film was based on Mabry's life growing up in Tupelo, Mississippi. It was filmed in and around Ahoskie, North Carolina.
Based on a true story, three poor black kids in rural Mississippi reap the consequences of their family's cycle of  physical and sexual abuse, addiction, and violence. They independently struggle to escape their circumstances and must decide whether to confront what's plagued their family for generations or succumb to the same crippling fate, forever damned in Mississippi.

Michael Hyatt
Michael Hyatt is a British-born American actress. Before her work in film and television, she performed on stages throughout the United States, particularly in Ragtime on Broadway. She played Brianna Barksdale on The Wire, Dr. Noelle Akopian on Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, Detective Sheila Muncie on Ray Donovan, and Cissy Saint on Snowfall.
Jain Kim
Jain Kim (Korean: 김자인, born 11 September 1988) is a professional climber who specializes in competition climbing. She is mainly active in competition lead climbing and competition bouldering. She has won the Lead Climbing World Cup three times (2010, 2013, 2014), the Lead Climbing World Championship once (2014), and the Rock Master once (2010, Lead discipline). She has won the Asian Championships 14 times in 15 years, 11 times in lead climbing and 3 times in bouldering (see below for details).

Kim has also completed notable sport climbing routes. In 2014, she redpointed her first routes graded above the 8b+ (5.14a) grade, including Bibita Biologica 8c (5.14b) and Reini's Vibes 8c+ (5.14c), both in Arco, Italy.

Rock Master
Rock Master is an international competition climbing event that is held every year in Arco, Italy.  The event takes place in two rounds: the first is an on-sight session and the second is called "after work". The final classification is given by the sum of the two events. On Friday the athletes are given a chance to survey the work route, and the actual climbing takes place on Saturday and Sunday.  At the competition, two prestigious awards, known as the "Oscars of climbing", are presented: the Salewa Rock Award, and the La Sportiva Competition Award.
O with macron (Latin)
O with macron (majuscule: Ō, minuscule: ō) is an additional letter of the Latin script, formed from the base letter O with the addition of the macron diacritic mark.

It is used in various Polynesian languages, such as Cook Islands Māori, Dorig, Hawaiian, Hiw, Māori, Marshallese, Marquesan, Mwotlap, Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, and Vurës, as well as Latgalian, Livonian, Samogitian, and Silesian in Central Europe, Nahuatl in Mexico, Ewondo in Cameroon, and Ogba in Nigeria. The letter is also used in the Hepburn romanization of Japanese, the pinyin romanization system of Standard Chinese, and the ISO 9 standard for romanization of Cyrillic characters.

Mwotlap language
Mwotlap (pronounced [ŋ͡mʷɔtˈlap]; formerly known as Motlav) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 2,100 people in Vanuatu. The majority of speakers are found on the island of Motalava in the Banks Islands, with smaller communities in the islands of Ra (or Aya) and Vanua Lava, as well as migrant groups in the two main cities of the country, Santo and Port Vila.

Mwotlap was first described in any detail in 2001, by the linguist Alexandre François.

Volow, which used to be spoken on the same island, may be considered a dialect or a separate language.
Pragasen Pillay
Pragasen Pillay OMS (born 1958) is a South African electrical engineer known for his research in power engineering and renewable energy technology. He has been a professor at Concordia University since 2008. Before that, he was a professor at Clarkson University from 1995 to 2007. He was appointed as an honorary professor at the University of Cape Town in 2017.

Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. Power engineering draws the majority of its theoretical base from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.
Portrait of John Montresor
Portrait of John Montresor is a 1771 portrait painting by the American artist John Singleton Copley. It depicts the British soldier John Montresor. The Gibraltar-born Montresor was a member of the Royal Engineers, serving as part of the British Army garrison in America.
He was also a noted cartographer. He is shown holding a book Field Engineer in a nod to his profession.

It was one around forty works Copley produced during his stay in New York City.The artist relocated to London a few years later where he became known for his large history paintings such as Watson and the Shark and The Death of Major Pierson. The painting has been in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts since 1941.

The Death of Major Peirson, 6 January 1781
The Death of Major Peirson, 6 January 1781 is a large oil painting executed in 1783 by the Anglo-American artist John Singleton Copley.  It depicts the death of Major Francis Peirson at the Battle of Jersey on 6 January 1781, part of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783).
Hybodontiformes
Hybodontiformes, commonly called hybodonts, are an extinct group of shark-like cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) which existed from the late Devonian to the Late Cretaceous. Hybodonts share a close common ancestry with modern sharks and rays (Neoselachii) as part of the clade Euselachii. They are distinguished from other chondrichthyans by their distinctive fin spines and cephalic spines present on the heads of males. An ecologically diverse group, they were abundant in marine and freshwater environments during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but were rare in open marine environments by the end of the Jurassic, having been largely replaced by modern sharks, though they were still common in freshwater and marginal marine habitats. They survived until the end of the Cretaceous, before going extinct.

Batomorphi
Batomorphi is a division of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays; this taxon is sometimes considered as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. Batomorphi, along with the shark division Selachii, both compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the most speciose of cartilaginous fishes groups, with well over 600 species in 26 families. Rays are distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Military Decoration
The Military Decoration (Dutch: Militair Ereteken, French: Décoration Militaire) is a military award of the  Kingdom of Belgium.  It was established on December 23, 1873 and is awarded to non-commissioned officers and other ranks of the Belgian Armed Forces for long service.
Initially, the medal was created in 2 versions. The version for exceptional service, gallantry or devotion to duty was created by the same royal decree, has the same jewel, but a different ribbon. Currently, both medals still exist, but are considered to be separate awards, not variations of the same award.

Military Decoration for gallantry or exceptional devotion
The Military Decoration for Exceptional Service or Acts of Courage or Devotion (Dutch: Militair ereteken voor buitengewone dienst of voor daad van moed of toewijding French: Décoration militaire pour service exceptionnel ou acte de courage ou de dévouement) is awarded to personnel of the Belgian Armed Forces for either displayed herorism or for display of extraordinary devotion to duty. In history, sometimes it is referred to as an 'Article 4' award, as originally, the medal was created as a variation of the military decoration for long service. However, nowadays, both medals are distinct awards, albeit still having the same guilt cross.
Action at a distance
Action at a distance is the concept in physics that an object's motion can be affected by another object without the two being in physical contact; that is, it is the concept of the non-local interaction of objects that are separated in space. Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation are based on action at a distance.

Historically, action at a distance was the earliest scientific model for gravity and electricity and it continues to be useful in many practical cases. In the 19th and 20th centuries, field models arose to explain these phenomena with more precision. The discovery of electrons and of special relativity led to new action at a distance models providing alternative to field theories. Under our modern understanding, the four fundamental interactions (gravity, electromagnetism, the strong interaction and the weak interaction) in all of physics are not described by action at a distance.

Central force
In classical mechanics, a central force on an object is a force that is directed towards or away from a point called center of force.

where F is a force vector, F is a scalar valued force function (whose absolute value gives the magnitude of the force and is positive if the force is outward and negative if the force is inward), r is the position vector, ||r|| is its length, and  is the corresponding unit vector.: 93

Not all central force fields are conservative or spherically symmetric. However, a central force is conservative if and only if it is spherically symmetric or rotationally invariant.: 133–38  Examples of spherically symmetric central forces include the Coulomb force and the force of gravity.
Intercollegiate Studies Institute
The Intercollegiate Studies Institute (ISI) is a nonprofit educational organization that promotes conservative thought on college campuses. It was founded in 1953 by Frank Chodorov with William F. Buckley Jr. as its first president. It sponsors lectures and debates on college campuses, publishes books and journals, provides funding and editorial assistance to the Collegiate Network, a support program conservative and libertarian college newspapers, and finances graduate fellowships.

Some financial information about the organization is published on their website (for FYE 30 June 2021); however, their financials shown on their website differ somewhat from their filed IRS Form-990. For their fiscal year ending 30 June 2021, their donations were $5,809,831, their revenue was $7,078,238, and their expenses were $6,195,894.

Frank Chodorov
Frank Chodorov (February 15, 1887 – December 28, 1966) was an American intellectual, author, and member of the Old Right, a group of classically liberal thinkers who were non-interventionist in foreign policy and opposed to both the American entry into World War II and the New Deal. He was called by Ralph Raico "the last of the Old Right greats".

Chodorov is best known for writing The Income Tax: Root of All Evil (1954), a book inspired by Georgist single-tax notions which has influenced many later libertarian thinkers, including Murray Rothbard.
Japanese warship Chōyō Maru
Chōyō Maru (朝陽; Morning Sunshine) was an early sail and screw-driven steam corvette. She was ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate ruling Japan during the Bakumatsu period from the Netherlands and served as a training vessel, and subsequently served with the nascent Imperial Japanese Navy during the Boshin War. She was lost in combat during the Naval Battle of Hakodate Bay.

Naval Battle of Hakodate
The Naval Battle of Hakodate (函館湾海戦, Hakodatewan Kaisen) was fought from 4 to 10 May 1869, between the remnants of the Tokugawa shogunate navy, consolidated into the armed forces of the rebel Ezo Republic, and the newly formed Imperial Japanese Navy. It was one of the last stages of Battle of Hakodate during the Boshin War, and occurred near Hakodate in the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.
How's This?
"How's This?" (Korean: 어때?; RR: eottae?) is song recorded by South Korean singer-songwriter and rapper Hyuna. It is the lead single of her fifth extended play, A'wesome, released on August 1, 2016. It was written by Hyuna, Big Sancho and Seo Jaewoo. The singer performed the song on several South Korean music programs, including M Countdown and Inkigayo, where she also won a music show award on each.

The song peaked at number 5 on the Gaon Digital Chart and at number 4 on the US World Digital Chart.

Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.
Bonc yr Hafod
Bonc yr Hafod (Welsh for 'Hafod bank') is a country park, on the former site of Hafod Colliery, near Johnstown and Pentre Bychan in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. The country park is centred on a former spoil tip hill, known locally as "Picnic Mountain" (Welsh: Mynydd Picnic), rising up 150 metres (490 ft). The country park is 90 acres (0.36 km2) in size of mainly woodlands and grasslands. The park is home to one of the largest community woodlands in North East Wales.

Spoil tip
A spoil tip (also called a boney pile, culm bank, gob pile, waste tip or bing) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – waste material removed during mining.  Spoil tips are not formed of slag, but in some areas, such as England and Wales, they are referred to as slag heaps and sometimes as pit heaps.  In Scotland the word bing is used. In North American English the term is mine dump or mine waste dump.

The term "spoil" is also used to refer to material removed when digging a foundation, tunnel, or other large excavation. Such material may be ordinary soil and rocks (after separation of coal from waste), or may be heavily contaminated with chemical waste, determining how it may be disposed of. Clean spoil may be used for land reclamation.

Spoil is distinct from tailings, which is the processed material that remains after the valuable components have been extracted from ore.
Sirenophila maccarthyi
Sirenophila maccarthyi is a species of corticolous/lignicolous (bark- and wood-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a thallus that is whitish or greyish, often inconspicuous and not always continuous, which can appear darker or dirty grey near its numerous, clustered apothecia. Sirenophila maccarthyi is distributed across regions including Western Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and New Zealand, in both coastal and inland habitats. It typically grows on the bark and dead wood of a wide range of trees and shrubs such as Acacia sophorae, Araucaria excelsa, and various Eucalyptus species.

Acacia sophorae
Acacia sophorae, commonly known as coastal wattle or coast wattle, is a wattle found in coastal and subcoastal south-eastern Australia from the Eyre Peninsula to southern Queensland. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of sallow wattle (Acacia longifolia). The specific epithet refers to its similarity to plants in the genus Sophora.
Justin Cochran
Justin Cochran is an American politician serving as a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 55th district. He was appointed to the office on December 30, 2025, after Marty Moylan resigned. Cochran was previously Moylan's chief of staff.

Marty Moylan
Martin J. "Marty" Moylan (born 1951) is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 55th district. The 55th district includes all or parts of Des Plaines, Morton Grove, Niles, Park Ridge and the Edison Park neighborhood in Chicago. He served between January 2013 and December 2025.
Cistierna
Cistierna (Spanish pronunciation: [θisˈtjeɾna]) is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2019 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 3,135 inhabitants.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Monaco at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Monaco participated in the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China held between 4 and 20 February 2022. The country's participation in the Games marked its eleventh appearance at the Winter Olympics since its debut in the 1984 Games.

The Monaco team consisted of three athletes who competed across two sports. Arnaud Alessandria served as the country's flag-bearer during the opening ceremony and a Games volunteer served as the flag-bearer during the closing ceremony. Monaco did not win any medal in the Games, and has not won a Winter Olympics medal as of these Games.

2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony
The 2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing on 20 February 2022. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings are expected to combine the formal ceremonial closing of this international sporting event (including closing speeches, hoisting of the flags, the parade of athletes, and the handover of the Olympic flag) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the culture and history of the current and next host nation (Italy) for the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo.

The closing ceremony was directed by film director and producer Zhang Yimou, who also directed the opening ceremonies of the 2022 Winter Olympics and previously directed and produced the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics.