hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Filiberto Avogadro di Collobiano
Filiberto Avogadro di Collobiano (25 May 1797 – 5 June 1868) was an Italian courtier and politician who was an advisor to King Charles Felix of Sardinia, who conferred on him the noble title of count, and a member of the royal court of King Charles Albert. He was a member of the Subalpine Senate for 20 years.

Subalpine Senate
The Subalpine Senate (Italian: Senato Subalpino) was the upper house of the Kingdom of Sardinia and one of the two houses of its bicameral parliament, the other being the Chamber of Deputies. It was set up in 1848 following the fusion of the Savoyard states. It became the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy upon the unification of Italy in 1861. It is the direct ancestor of the present Italian Senate. Its name was a reference to the Napoleonic Subalpine Republic.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 508
United Nations Security Council resolution 508, adopted unanimously on 5 June 1982, after recalling previous resolutions including 425 (1978), 426 (1978) and 501 (1982), demanded an end of foreign hostilities taking place on Lebanese territory between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel. Israel stressed that they were upset that resolution 508 did not mention or suggest that the Palestine Liberation Organization were to blame for the attack on the Israeli ambassador.

The resolution went on to call for a ceasefire by 0600 local time on 6 June 1982, so that 490 (1981) can be respected. It also requested the Secretary-General to undertake all possible efforts to ensure the implementation of and compliance with this resolution and to report to the council as early as possible and not later than forty-eight hours after the adoption of this resolution.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 490
United Nations Security Council resolution 490 was adopted unanimously on 21 July 1981, after taking note of a report by the secretary-general. The council called for an immediate cessation of attacks by Israel on Lebanon.

The council went on to demand that Israel respect the territorial integrity of Lebanon, and requested the secretary-general to report back on the situation within 48 hours.
Emmerich Rhine Bridge
The Emmerich Rhine Bridge (German: 'Rheinbrücke Emmerich') is a suspension bridge located in Emmerich am Rhein, Germany. Completed in 1965, it has a main span of 500 metres (1,600 ft), crossing the Rhine, carrying the Bundesstraße B 220, the federal highway between Emmerich am Rhein and Kleve. It is the longest suspension bridge in Germany.

Kleve
Kleve (German pronunciation: [ˈkleːvə] ⓘ; traditional English: Cleves /kliːvz/ KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef [ˈkleːf] ⓘ; French: Clèves [klɛv]; Spanish: Cléveris; Latin: Clivia; Low Rhenish: Kleff) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Kleve in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.
History of the Pakistan Super League
Pakistan Super League (PSL) is the highest level of domestic Twenty20 cricket in Pakistan. The league is owned by the Pakistan Cricket Board and its first season was played in 2016. The league, when it started, included five teams: Karachi Kings, Quetta Gladiators, Peshawar Zalmi, Islamabad United, and Lahore Qalandars. The third season of the league in 2018 saw the inclusion of Multan Sultans as the sixth team to compete in the tournament. The league has been organized every year since its first season and all the teams have won the trophy at least once. The first season of the PSL was won by Islamabad United, who were captained by Misbah ul Haq, who was also the captain of the Pakistan national cricket team at that time. Lahore Qalandars are the current champions of the PSL.

Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Qalandars is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise that competes in the Pakistan Super League, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab. The team plays its home matches at Gaddafi Stadium and is owned by the Rana brothers.

Formed in 2015, Lahore Qalandars was the second-most expensive franchise sold during the inaugural PSL team auction and one of the few purchased by an international group. The team struggled in its early seasons, finishing at the bottom of the table five times, but later emerged as one of the league's most successful teams, winning titles in 2022, 2023, and 2025.

The team is currently captained by Shaheen Afridi and coached by Russell Domingo. Fakhar Zaman is the team’s leading run-scorer, while Shaheen Afridi is the leading wicket-taker.
Teenagers (web series)
Teenagers (often stylized as teenagers) is a Canadian web series created by Houston Bone and Sara Tamosauskas. With an ensemble cast that includes Emmanuel Kabongo and former Degrassi stars Chloe Rose and Raymond Ablack, Teenagers presents various storylines in the form of vignettes and focuses on social issues such as teen angst, racism, violence, slut-shaming, and sexuality.

The first season premiered on YouTube in early 2014. The second season went viral in 2015. A third and final season was released in 2017.

Since its release, Teenagers has amassed millions of views online, and has received numerous accolades, including an Indie Series Award, several IAWTV Award nominations, and a Canadian Screen Award nomination.

Indie Series Awards
The Indie Series Awards (formerly the Indie Soap Awards) is an annual event hosted by We Love Soaps, based in Los Angeles, California, honoring the best in independently produced, scripted entertainment created for the Internet. The ceremony was founded by Roger Newcomb in 2010. In 2013, after the 4th Indie Soap Awards ceremony, the awards were rebranded as the Indie Series Awards.

The awards ceremony was named as one of the 12 "must attend" web series events for creators and fans of online content by Raindance.
European route E25
European route E25 is a north–south European route from Hook of Holland in the Netherlands, to Palermo in Italy which includes ferry crossings from Genoa to Bastia (Corsica), from Bonifacio to Porto Torres (Sardinia) and from Cagliari to Palermo (Sicily).

It passes through the following cities:
Hook of Holland – Rotterdam – Utrecht - Eindhoven – Maastricht – Liège – Bastogne – Arlon – Luxembourg City – Metz – Saint-Avold – Strasbourg – Mulhouse – Basel – Olten – Bern – Lausanne – Geneva – Mont Blanc Tunnel – Aosta – Ivrea – Vercelli – Alessandria – Genoa ... Bastia – Porto-Vecchio – Bonifacio ... Porto Torres – Sassari – Cagliari ... Palermo.

Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud
Bonifacio (/ˌboʊniˈfɑːtʃoʊ/ BOH-nee-FAH-choh, Italian: [boniˈfaːtʃo], French: [bɔnifasjo]; Corsican: Bunifaziu [buniˈfatsju], Bonifaziu [bɔniˈfatsju], or Bonifaciu [bɔniˈfatʃu]; Bonifacino: Bunifazziu; Gallurese: Bunifaciu) is a commune in the southern tip of the island of Corsica, in the French department of Corse-du-Sud.

Bonifacio is the setting of Guy de Maupassant's short story "A Vendetta".
Fraser v ABSA
Fraser v ABSA Bank Limited is a decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa with import for South African criminal procedure. It concerns the interpretation of chapter 5 of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998, dealing with the restraint and confiscation of property that constitutes the proceeds of crime. It was heard on 23 May 2006 and decided on 15 December 2006 with a unanimous judgment written by Justice Johann van der Westhuizen.

Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998
The Prevention of Organised Crime Act (No. 121 of 1998) is a statute promulgated by the Parliament of South Africa. It introduced measures to allow prosecutors to combat organised crime, money laundering, and gang activity. It also prohibited certain types of racketeering activities and abolished money laundering and established an obligation for people to report it.
Kāinga
A kāinga (southern Māori: kaika or kaik) is the traditional form of village habitation of pre-European Māori in New Zealand. It was unfortified or only lightly fortified, and over time became less important than the well-fortified pā.

Pā
The word pā (Māori pronunciation: [ˈpaː]; often spelled pa in English) can refer to any Māori village or defensive settlement, but often refers to hillforts – fortified settlements with palisades and defensive terraces – and also to fortified villages. Pā sites occur mainly in the North Island of New Zealand, north of Lake Taupō. Over 5,000 sites have been located, photographed and examined, although few have been subject to detailed analysis. Variations similar to pā occur throughout central Polynesia, in the islands of Fiji, Tonga and the Marquesas Islands.

In Māori culture, a great pā represented the mana (prestige or power) and strategic ability of an iwi (tribe or tribal confederacy), as personified by a rangatira (chieftain). Māori built pā in various defensible locations around the territory (rohe) of an iwi to protect fertile plantation-sites and food supplies.
The Pokrovsky Gate
The Pokrovsky Gate (Russian: Покровские ворота, romanized: Pokrovskiye Vorota) is a 1982 Soviet musical comedy-drama film produced for television by Mosfilm.  It was directed by Mikhail Kozakov and stars Oleg Menshikov, Leonid Bronevoy, and Inna Ulyanova. The screenplay is based on a 1974 stage play by Leonid Zorin.

Featured in the film are three songs written and performed by renowned "bard" Bulat Okudzhava:  "Chasovye Lyubvi" ("Sentries of Love"), "Zhivopistsy" ("Painters"), and "Pesenka ob Arbate" ("Ditty about Arbat").

The title refers to a square on Moscow's Boulevard Ring near which the film's main characters reside.

Oleg Menshikov
Oleg Evgenyevich Menshikov, PAR (Russian: Оле́г Евге́ньевич Ме́ньшиков; born 8 November 1960) is a Russian actor, theatre director and occasional singer. He is the current artistic director of the Yermolova Theatre in Moscow.

Internationally, Menshikov is the best known for his roles in the films by Nikita Mikhalkov Burnt by the Sun (1994), The Barber of Siberia (1998), Burnt by the Sun 2: Exodus (2010) and Burnt by the Sun 3: The Citadel (2011), as well as for his performance in Régis Wargnier's East/West (1999).

Menshikov is the winner of a Laurence Olivier Award, a Nika Award and three State Prizes of the Russian Federation, and the recipient of the Order of Honour of the Russian Federation.
Echat
Echat (Amharic: ኢጭአት, acronym for የኢትዮጵያ ጭቁኖች አብዮታዊ ትግል, 'Ethiopian Oppressed People's Revolutionary Struggle') was a communist organization in Ethiopia. The organization was active between 1975 and 1978. The organization emerged from a split away from the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (MEISON). Echat was initially allied with the Derg military junta, but later turned against it.

All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement
The All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (Amharic: መላ ኢትዮጵያ ሶሻሊስት ንቅናቄ, romanized: Mela Ītyōṗṗyā Soshalīsit Nik'inak'ē, native acronym: MEISON, Amharic: መኢሶን) is a political party in Ethiopia. A Marxist–Leninist organization, MEISON played an active role in Ethiopian politics during the 1970s. Both it and the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) were enthusiastic supporters of the revolution that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie. However, as Mengistu Haile Mariam rose to power as leader of the ruling Derg government, conflict began to develop between the two groups. MEISON initially aligned itself with the Derg, but fell out with Mengistu as the Red Terror progressed and was repressed from mid-1977 onwards.
Bholaganj
Bholaganj is a village in Sylhet District, Bangladesh. It is located on the banks of the Dhalai River. The Dhalai River in Bholaganj is the largest stone quarry area in the country. From here up to Chhatak, the 11-kilometer-long Bholaganj Ropeway (cableway) stands.

Dhalai River
The Dhalai River (also known as Dhala River) is a trans-boundary river in India and Bangladesh. It rises in the mountains of the Indian state of Tripura. It enters Kamalganj Upazila of Maulvibazar District of Bangladesh. Later, it joins the Manu River in Rajnagar Upazila. The co-ordinates of the Dhalai River at Ambassa are 23.55'128'' N and 91.51'204'' E in degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS). This 117 kilometres (73 mi) long river originates in Atharamura Hill. Some of the popular riverside townships of the Dhalai are the towns of Ambassa, Baralutma and Kamalpur.
Constructive logic
Constructive logic is a family of logics where proofs must be constructive (i.e., proving something means one must build or exhibit it, not just argue it “must exist” abstractly). No “non-constructive” proofs are allowed (like the classic proof by contradiction without a witness).

The main constructive logics are the following:

L. E. J. Brouwer
Luitzen Egbertus Jan "Bertus" Brouwer (27 February 1881 – 2 December 1966) was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. Regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, he is known as one of the founders of modern topology, particularly for establishing his fixed-point theorem and the topological invariance of dimension.

Brouwer also became a major figure in the philosophy of intuitionism, a constructivist school of mathematics which argues that mathematics is a cognitive construct rather than a type of objective truth. This position led to the Brouwer–Hilbert controversy, in which Brouwer sparred with his formalist colleague David Hilbert. Brouwer's ideas were subsequently taken up by his student Arend Heyting and Hilbert's former student Hermann Weyl. In addition to his mathematical work, Brouwer also published the short philosophical tract Life, Art, and Mysticism (1905).
Gana (film)
Gana is a 2025 Indian Kannada-language science fictional thriller film written and directed by Hari Prasad Jakka. The film stars Prajwal Devaraj, Vedhika Kumar, and Yasha Shivakumar, alongside Krishi Thapanda, Shivraj K. R. Pete, Sampath Raj, Vishal Hegde, and Ravi Kale in supporting roles. It is a remake of Hari Prasad's 2021 Telugu film Play Back.

Krishi Thapanda
Krishi Thapanda is an Indian actress and model. She works in Kannada cinema. She debuted in 2016 film Akira, for which she was nominated for 2016 SIIMA Awards for best debutant actress.

She was crowned Miss Karnataka 2014. Thapanda was a participant of Bigg Boss Season 5, on Colors Super. She was eliminated in the 12th week, but appeared a couple of times as a wild card entrant.
Alcafozes
Alcafozes is a village in the civil parish of Idanha-a-Nova and Alcafozes, municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, Castelo Branco District, in Portugal. In 2011, it had 202 inhabitants in an area of 56,82 km2. Alcafozes is the most important settlement in the immediate vicinity of the internationally renowned music and culture festival Boom Festival. A religious event and folk festival in honor of both airmen and aviation takes place every year in the Our Lady of Loreto Shrine in Alcafozes.

Basilica della Santa Casa
The Basilica della Santa Casa (English: Basilica of the Holy House) is a Marian shrine in Loreto, in the Marches, Italy. The shrine is widely known for preserving the house of the Holy Family. Pious legends claim the same house was supernaturally flown over by angelic beings from Nazareth to Tersatto (Trsat in Croatia), then to Recanati, before arriving at the current site. The shrine is designated a basilica by the privilege of immemorial status.

The basilica is also known for enshrining the Madonna and Child image of "Our Lady of Loreto". Pope Benedict XV designated her under this title as patroness of air passengers and auspicious travel on 24 March 1920. Pope Pius XI granted a Canonical Coronation to the venerated image made of Cedar of Lebanon wood on 5 September 1922, replacing the original Marian image consumed in fire on 23 February 1921.
Don Camillo's Last Round
Don Camillo's Last Round (French: La grande bagarre de Don Camillo, Italian: Don Camillo e l'onorevole Peppone) is a 1955 French-Italian comedy film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Fernandel, Gino Cervi and Leda Gloria. It was the third of five films featuring Fernandel as the Italian priest Don Camillo and his struggles with Giuseppe "Peppone" Bottazzi, the Communist mayor of their rural town. The film had 5,087,231 admissions in France.

It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome and on location in Boretto and Brescello in Emilia-Romagna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Virgilio Marchi.

Leda Gloria
Leda Gloria (30 August 1908 – 16 March 1997) was an Italian film actress. She appeared in 66 films between 1929 and 1965. During the expansion of Italian cinema of the Fascist era of the 1930s and early 1940s she appeared in starring roles, later transitioning into character parts after the Second World War. She appeared in the Don Camillo series of films, playing the wife of Gino Cervi's Giuseppe Bottazzi.
Hodan Addou
Hodan Addou is a Somalian international civil servant who has been engaged with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and its successor, UN Women in developing policies for women and women's empowerment since 1992. She has been a programme officer in Kenya; gender and conflict advisor in Burundi; the Regional Peace and Security Adviser for East, Central and Southern Africa; and Country Programme Director in Sudan, Zimbabwe, and Uganda. She is presently the Country Representative for UN Women in Tanzania.

UN Women
The United Nations Programme for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, is a United Nations agency charged with working for gender equality and the empowerment of women. UN Women is charged with advocating for the rights of women and girls, and focusing on a number of issues, including violence against women and violence against LGBT people.

UN Women was established by a merger of the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, established in 1976) and other agencies and became operational in 2011. The organization operates under a governance structure and has an executive board representing different regions. Former President of Chile Michelle Bachelet was its inaugural executive director and Jordanian Sima Sami Bahous is its current executive director. UN Women is a member of the UN Development Group.
Hans Schnoor
Hans Schnoor (4 October 1893 – 15 January 1976) was a German musicologist, journalist and music critic. In the late 1950s, he attracted media attention with his denunciation of Arnold Schönberg's A Survivor from Warsaw.

Hugo Riemann
Karl Wilhelm Julius Hugo Riemann (18 July 1849 – 10 July 1919) was a German musicologist and composer who was among the founders of modern musicology.  The leading European music scholar of his time, he was active and influential as both a music theorist and music historian.  Many of his contributions are now termed as Riemannian theory, a variety of related ideas on many aspects of music theory.
Mount Davis (Oakland)
Mount Davis, or Mt. Davis, is a section of 20,000 capacity seating at the Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California, United States. It was built in 1995 at the behest of Oakland City Council with the intent of bringing the Los Angeles Raiders American football team back to Oakland and is named after former Oakland Raiders owner Al Davis. In 2006, the top-tier seating of Mount Davis was covered by tarpaulin during almost all Oakland Athletics baseball games, and the Oakland Raiders followed suit in 2013. The Raiders would relocate to Las Vegas in 2020, and the Athletics would later move to Sacramento in 2025 ahead of a planned move to Las Vegas in 2028.

Tarpaulin
A tarpaulin (/tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/ tar-PAW-lin, also US: /ˈtɑːrpəlɪn/) or tarp is a large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material, often cloth such as canvas or polyester coated with polyurethane, or made of plastics such as polyethylene. Tarpaulins often have reinforced grommets at the corners and along the sides to form attachment points for rope, allowing them to be tied down or suspended.

Inexpensive modern tarpaulins are made from woven polyethylene; This material has become so commonly used for tarpaulins that people in some places refer to it colloquially as "poly tarp" or "polytarp".
Sheldon van der Linde
Sheldon van der Linde (born 13 May 1999) is a South African motor racing driver currently employed by BMW as a factory driver. He has been competing in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since 2019, winning his maiden title in 2022. He is the younger brother of South African / German racing driver Kelvin van der Linde.

Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
The Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters, commonly abbreviated as the DTM, is a sports car racing series sanctioned by ADAC. The series is based in Germany, with rounds elsewhere in Europe. The series currently races a modified version of Group GT3 grand touring cars, replacing Class 1 Touring Cars in 2021.

From 2000 to 2020, the "new DTM" continued the former Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (German Touring Car Championship) and ITC (International Touring Car Championship) which had been discontinued after 1996 due to high costs. The series raced prototype silhouette racing cars based on a mass-production road car in the same period.

The second iteration went by the full name during its first five years. Since 2005, all official documents have only referred to the series using the abbreviated name.
Juan de Contreras y López de Ayala
Juan de Contreras y López de Ayala Thomé y del Hierro (Segovia, June 30, 1893 – Segovia, April 23, 1978), better known as the Marquess of Lozoya as the ninth holder of that noble title, was a Spanish historian, university professor, art critic, writer, journalist, and politician.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Sudha Rani
Jayashree, known by her screen name Sudha Rani, is an Indian actress, voice artist and former model. She has primarily worked in Kannada films in addition to some Tamil, Telugu, Tulu and Malayalam films. As on Feb 2024, she has acted in about 150 films across industries.

As a child artist, she acted in Kiladi Kittu (1978), Kulla Kulli (1980), Anupama (1981) Bhagyavantha and Ranganayaki (1981). She debuted as a lead actress at age 13 with Anand (1986). She has won the Filmfare Awards and the Karnataka State Film Awards twice for her performances in Panchama Veda (1990) and Mysore Mallige (1992).

Kulla Kulli
Kulla Kulli (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language action comedy film directed by H. R. Bhargava and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Dwarakish and Jayachitra in the lead roles, while T. N. Balakrishna and Tiger Prabhakar appear in supporting roles. The film has a musical score by Rajan–Nagendra.