hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lansdowne Bridge
The Lansdowne Bridge is a heritage-listed road bridge that carries the northbound carriageway of the Hume Highway (route A22 at this point) across Prospect Creek between Lansvale and Lansdowne. Situated in southwestern Sydney it is located on the boundary of the Fairfield and Canterbury-Bankstown local government areas. The bridge was named in honour of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (1780–1863), an Irish Whig politician of the British Parliament (at that time all of Ireland was under British rule and was represented in the British parliament) and associate of the NSW Governor of the day, Sir Richard Bourke.

The bridge is owned by the state of New South Wales and is managed by the agency of Transport for NSW. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000.

Richard Bourke
General Sir Richard Bourke (4 May 1777 – 12 August 1855) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1831 to 1837.  As a lifelong Whig (liberal), he encouraged the emancipation of convicts and helped bring forward the ending of penal transportation to Australia. In this, he faced strong opposition from the landlord establishment and its press. He approved a new settlement on the Yarra River, and named it Melbourne, in honour of the incumbent British prime minister, Lord Melbourne.
Banjska River
The Banjska River (Serbian: Бањска река, romanized: Banjska reka, lit. 'Baths River') is a river in southern Serbia, the right tributary of Toplica in which it flows near Kuršumlija. It rises under the far south-eastern branch of Kopaonik. It is 22 km long, with a river basin area of 155 km². The average flow at the mouth is 0,7 m³/s. The valley of the river is mostly ravines, while the basin is rich in forest. The Kuršumlija-Kuršumlijska Banja-Prepolac Pass-Podujevo-Priština road leads by that valley.

Kuršumlija
Kuršumlija (Serbian Cyrillic: Куршумлија, pronounced [kurʃǔmlija]) is a town and municipality located in the Toplica District of the southern Serbia. It is situated near the rivers Toplica, Kosanica and Banjska, southeast of Mount Kopaonik and northwest of Mount Radan. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 15,905 inhabitants.
Sport in Taiwan
In Taiwan, some of the most popular sports include baseball, basketball, badminton, football, softball, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball. Martial arts such as tai chi and taekwondo are also practiced by many people. Baseball is the most popular sport in Taiwan, followed by basketball and association football.

Internationally known athletes include Hsieh Su-wei, Kuo Hsing-chun, Tai Tzu-ying, Yani Tseng, and Yang Chuan-kwang, who were among the best in their sport at the peak of their career.

Due to the political status,  the organisations or national teams from Taiwan have been competing as Chinese Taipei in international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games.

Yani Tseng
Yani Tseng (Chinese: 曾雅妮; pinyin: Zēng Yǎní; born 23 January 1989) is a Taiwanese professional golfer playing on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. She is the youngest player ever, male or female, to win five major championships. She was ranked number 1 in the Women's World Golf Rankings for 109 consecutive weeks from 2011 to 2013.
Affinity (software)
Affinity is a graphics editor developed by Serif, a subsidiary of Canva. It is simultaneously a vector graphics editor, a raster graphics editor and a desktop publishing application.

It was first released in 2025 as a successor to Serif's Affinity Designer, Affinity Photo and Affinity Publisher, uniting the three editors into one application. While the previous versions competed individually against Adobe's Illustrator, Photoshop, and InDesign, Affinity 3.0 integrates their functionality into a singular application. It utilizes a freemium model monetized by AI features exclusive to Canva Pro subscribers.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
The Tale of Heiji
The Tale of Heiji (平治物語, Heiji monogatari) is a Japanese war epic (gunki monogatari) detailing the events of the Heiji Rebellion of 1159–1160, in which samurai clan head Minamoto no Yoshitomo attacked and besieged Kyoto, as part of a dispute over political power in which he was opposed by Taira no Kiyomori, head of the Taira clan.

Minamoto no Yoshitomo
Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamoto clan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history.  His son Minamoto no Yoritomo became shōgun and founded the Kamakura shogunate, the first shogunate in the history of Japan.

His Dharma name was Shōjō Juin (勝定寿院).
Kalwi & Remi
Kalwi & Remi are a Polish DJ duo formed in 2003, performing electronic dance music. They rose to fame in 2006 when their song "Explosion" became an international club hit. The duo have performed in venues across Europe and the US, and collaborated with Judge Jules, Amanda Wilson, John Christian, Afrika Islam, and the Ministry of Sound, among others. Their other hits include "Imagination", "Stop (Falling Down)", "Kiss", "Girls", "You and I", and "Unbreakable".

Judge Jules
Julius O'Riordan (born 26 October 1965), better known by his stage name Judge Jules, is a British dance music DJ, record producer and entertainment lawyer. He is known for his DJ activities, music production and long-running radio show which achieved global success. He was voted best DJ in the world by DJ Mag in 1995.
Bamberg Codex
The Bamberg Codex (Bamberg State Library, Msc.Lit.115) is a manuscript containing two treatises on music theory and a large body of 13th-century French polyphony.

The first part of the Bamberg Codex contains 100 double motets, which are three-voice pieces with two contrapuntal lines above a cantus firmus. Forty-four of the motets have Latin texts, 47 have French texts, and 9 are macaronic. This is followed by a conductus and 7 settings of hockets. The musical notation is similar to that used in the Montpellier Codex, although some advances in notational clarity are evident, for instance in multi-column layouts, each voice observes line breaks at the same place in the piece. These motets were likely composed between 1260 and 1290, and are generally in the style associated with Franco of Cologne.

The second part of the Codex contains two theoretical treatises, one by Amerus and one anonymous, as well as two motets added later.

The Codex is likely Parisian in provenance.

Conductus
The conductus (plural: conducti) was a sacred Latin song in the Middle Ages, one whose poetry and music were newly composed. It is non-liturgical since its Latin lyric borrows little from previous chants. The conductus was northern French equivalent of the versus, which flourished in Aquitaine. It was originally found in the twelfth-century Aquitanian repertories. But major collections of conducti were preserved in Paris. The conductus typically includes one, two, or three voices. A small number of the conducti are for four voices. Stylistically, the conductus is a type of discant (i.e. note-against-note polyphony). Its form can be strophic or through-composed form. The genre flourished from the early twelfth century to the middle of thirteenth century. It was one of the principal types of vocal composition of the ars antiqua period of medieval music history.
Partha Sarathi Gupta
Partha Sarathi Gupta (5 August 1934 – 10 August 1999) was an Indian professor of British and European history at Delhi University and president of the Indian History Congress. He was firstborn son of Ashoka Gupta and Saibal Gupta, an Indian Civil Services officer in Bengal state of British India. His childhood memory of watching Mahatma Gandhi's walk through riot-torn Noakhali in 1946 where his mother joined in the walk had a long-lasting impact. He was awarded Eshan scholarship for the highest marks in West Bengal in Presidency College, Calcutta. Fellow students included Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner Amartya Sen and member of planning commission Sukhamoy Chakravarty in 1953.

Partha was a member of the Indian Council of Historical Research. He was Smuts Fellow in Commonwealth History at Cambridge University (1980-1981), and directeur d'études at the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme in Paris in 1989.

Ashoka Gupta
Ashoka Gupta (November 1912 – 8 July 2008) was an Indian freedom fighter and social worker. She was the founder of Mahila Seva Samity, member of the All India Women's Conference and president of Indian Society for Sponsorship and Adoption. She took part in rescue and relief operation during the Noakhali riots.
Khanzada Ahmad Khan
Wali-e-Mewat Raja Khanzada  Ahmad Khan Mewati, Bahadur, son of Khanzada Jalal Khan Mewati,  was the Khanzada Rajput ruler of Mewat from 1443 till 1468. He was succeeded by his son Khanzada Zakaria Khan Mewati as Wali-e-Mewat in 1468.

Khanzada Jalal Khan
Raja Khanzada Jalal Khan Bahadur a.k.a. Jallu Khan, son of Khanzada Feroz Khan, was the Khanzada Rajput ruler of Mewat State from 1422 to 1443. He succeeded  his  father as Wali-e-Mewat in 1422. He ruled as a sovereign ruler from 1427 after defeating the Delhi sultanate.
David Harris (rugby)
David "Dai" Thomas Harris (15 February 1879 – 1958) was a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Treherbert RFC, as a centre, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Other Nationalities, and at club level for Wigan, as a centre.

Other Nationalities rugby league team
The Other Nationalities rugby league team was a rugby league representative team that usually consisted of non-English players. They competed in the first ever rugby league international in 1904, against England, fielding players from Wales and Scotland. The team was later represented by players from Australia, Fiji, Ireland, New Zealand, and South Africa. The Other Nationalities team wore green shirts.
NGC 1452
NGC 1452 (or NGC 1455) is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. Located 80 million light years away, it is one of the farther galaxies of the Eridanus Cluster, a cluster of approximately 200 galaxies. It was discovered on October 6, 1785 by William Herschel.

The galaxy has a Hubble classification of SB0-a, indicating it is a lenticular galaxy with a bar. NGC 1452's bar extends from the core to the middle of the galaxy. It size on the night sky is 2.8' x 1.5' which is proportional to the real size of 65,000 light-years.

The galaxy is a member of the NGC 1407 Group, a small group of the galaxies inside the Eridanus Cluster, together with the galaxies NGC 1407, NGC 1400 and others.

NGC 1400
NGC 1400 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. At a distance of 65 million light-years from Earth, it was discovered by John Herschel in 1786. It is a member of the NGC 1407 group, whose brightest member is NGC 1407. The NGC 1407 group is part of the Eridanus Cluster, a cluster of 200 galaxies.

NGC 1400 is an early-type E0 galaxy. Despite their name, early-type galaxies are much older than spiral galaxies, and mostly comprise old, red-colored stars. Very little star formation occurs in these galaxies; the lack of star formation in elliptical galaxies appears to start at the center and then slowly propagates outward.

NGC 1400 has had star formation in the past, which was caused by NGC 1400 falling into the NGC 1407 group.

One supernova has been observed in NGC 1400: SN 2021hcz (type Ia, mag. 15.4).
Nortei Nortey
Nii Nortei Nortey (born 29 October 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for National League South club Dagenham & Redbridge.

Nortey started his career at Chelsea's academy but was released in 2013 and had a spell at Maidenhead United before joining Welling United in August 2015, where he started his senior career. He joined Wrexham ahead of the following season, but made just 6 league appearances before joining Solihull Moors on loan in December 2016, before joining them permanently in January 2017.

He signed for Dover Athletic in summer 2017, before being released at the end of the 2018–19 season after 6 goals in 67 league matches. He joined Chorley in September 2019 but left the club after their relegation to the National League North. He signed for Scottish Championship side Queen of the South in October 2020.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Paralytic illness of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was the president of the United States from 1933 to 1945, began experiencing symptoms of a paralytic illness in 1921 when he was 39 years old. His main symptoms were fevers; symmetric, ascending paralysis; facial paralysis; bowel and bladder dysfunction; numbness and hyperesthesia; and a descending pattern of recovery. He was diagnosed with poliomyelitis and underwent years of therapy, including hydrotherapy at Warm Springs, Georgia. Roosevelt remained paralyzed from the waist down and relied on a wheelchair and leg braces for mobility, which he took efforts to conceal in public. In 1938, he founded the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, leading to the development of polio vaccines. Although historical accounts continue to refer to Roosevelt's case as polio, the diagnosis has been questioned in the context of modern medical science, with a competing diagnosis of Guillain–Barré syndrome being proposed.

Newport sex scandal
The Newport sex scandal arose from a 1919 investigation by the United States Navy into homosexual acts by Navy personnel and civilians in Newport, Rhode Island. The investigation was noted for its controversial methods of intelligence gathering, specifically its use of enlisted personnel to investigate alleged homosexuals by engaging them sexually. A subsequent trial attracted national news coverage and provoked a congressional investigation, which concluded with Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels and Assistant Secretary of the Navy (and future United States president) Franklin D. Roosevelt being formally rebuked by a Congressional committee.
Wang Mengjie
Wang Mengjie (Chinese: 王梦洁; pinyin: Wang Mengjie; born (1995-11-14)14 November 1995) is a Chinese volleyball player. She is part of the China women's national volleyball team. On club level she played for Shandong in 2015.

She was part of the China team in 2017 who took part in the FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix in Macao. The team who included Zhu Ting, Qian Jingwen, Zheng Yixin, Wang Yunlu played against the USA, Turkey and Italy. The final part of the competition was in Nanjing in China where the team came fourth.

Zheng Yixin
Zheng Yixin (Chinese: 郑益昕; born 6 May 1995 in Zhangzhou, Fujian) is a Chinese volleyball player. She is the Middle Blocker of China women's national volleyball team. She played at 2015 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix Final round, which was held in Omaha, Nebraska.

She was part of the China team in 2017 who took part in the FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix in Macao. The team who included Zhu Ting, Qian Jingwen, Wang Yunlu played against the US, Turkey and Italy. The final part of the competition was in Nanjing in China where the team came fourth.
Closure (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)
"Closure" is the ninth episode of the third season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D., it follows Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they face a vengeful former agent and Hydra. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and acknowledges the franchise's films. The episode was written by Brent Fletcher, and directed by Kate Woods.

Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series, and is joined by series regulars Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, Elizabeth Henstridge, Nick Blood, Adrianne Palicki, Henry Simmons, and Luke Mitchell.

"Closure" originally aired on ABC on December 1, 2015, and according to Nielsen Media Research, was watched by 3.84 million viewers.

Elizabeth Henstridge
Elizabeth Frances Henstridge (born 11 September 1987) is an English actress, model and director. She is best known for her role as Jemma Simmons in the ABC superhero action drama series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2013–2020), set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
History of Buddhism
The history of Buddhism can be traced back to the 5th century BCE. Buddhism originated from Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha, and is based on the teachings of the renunciate Siddhārtha Gautama. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent throughout Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of Asia.

The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and philosophical schools. Among them were the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.

Magadha
Magadha (IPA: [məɡəd̪ʰaː]) was a region and kingdom in ancient India, based in the eastern Ganges Plain. It was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas during the Second Urbanization period. The region was ruled by several dynasties, which overshadowed, conquered, and incorporated the other Mahajanapadas. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism and formed the core of the Maurya Empire (c. 320–185 BCE).
Total Request Live (Italian TV program)
Total Request Live is the Italian version of the American television program of the same name that originated in 1999. Originally broadcast weekdays at 2.00 p.m., its time slot was changed as it ran into its second season. It was broadcast at 3.00 p.m. starting in 2002.

The main presenters, during the ten seasons, were Alessandro Cattelan, Giorgia Surina, Marco Maccarini, Carolina Di Domenico, and Federico Russo. As from June 2, 2008 the show is hosted by Elena Santarelli and Carlo Pastore, who presented another music programme of MTV, Your Noise. During her episode of May 15, 2009, Elena Santarelli, because of her maternity, left the show. Elisabetta Canalis came replacing her.

In 2010 the show had been completely renovated and have changed his name in TRL On the Road, so the show wasn't hosted from a stage, but from a truck to make viewers more involved.

Despite the show being cancelled in 2010, the TRL Awards were celebrated until 2012.

Alessandro Cattelan
Alessandro Cattelan (born 11 May 1980) is an Italian television, soccer player and radio presenter best known for presenting the Italian edition of Total Request Live, broadcast by MTV Italia, and Le Iene, broadcast by Mediaset's Italia 1. Cattelan also hosted the Italian version of The X Factor from 2011 to 2020.

During the 2018–19 season, Cattelan presented the Italian late show E poi c'è Cattelan (EPCC), on air on Sky Uno. He was also nominated as a possible candidate for the Sanremo Music Festival 2020, as well as being confirmed by RAI as one of the three hosts of the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, alongside Laura Pausini and Mika, after he signed a contract with the national broadcaster. He is set to co-host the final of Sanremo 2025 with Carlo Conti and Alessia Marcuzzi.

Cattelan is a devoted fan of football club Inter Milan, and is often present in the stadium and training sessions of the team.
Ai Kago
Ai Kago (加護 亜依, Kago Ai; born February 7, 1988) is a Japanese actress and singer. In 2000, Kago debuted as a 4th-generation member of the idol girl group Morning Musume. During her time in Morning Musume, she was also part of its sub-groups Tanpopo, Mini-Moni, and Morning Musume Sakuragumi, as well as several Hello! Project Shuffle Units. In 2004, Kago departed from Morning Musume and became part of the duo W with Nozomi Tsuji.

In 2006, Kago was suspended from her agency for underage smoking and subsequently dismissed in 2007, forcing her to leave W and Hello! Project. In 2008, she returned to entertainment as an actress, appearing in Kung Fu Chefs (2009), Ju-On: Black Ghost (2009), and Battle of Demons (2009). In 2009, Kago returned to music as well, releasing her debut solo single, "No Hesitation" (2009), followed by her jazz album, Ai Kago Meets Jazz (2010). She also formed her own girl group, Girls Beat!!, in 2013, of which she remained a member until 2016.

Hello! Project Shuffle Unit
Hello! Project Shuffle Unit (ハロー!プロジェクト シャッフルユニット, Harō! Purojekuto Shaffuru Yunitto) was a Japanese idol project group formed by Up-Front Promotion in 2000 and associated with Hello! Project. Beginning in 2000, the Shuffle Unit project was a yearly collaboration among existing Hello! Project acts, where members were recombined into three different groups to release a single for each.

After a four-year hiatus, the project was briefly revived in 2009, where several old sub-groups saw a return under new names and new members. After 2009, the project became defunct.
James E. Lyons (academic)
James E. Lyons, Sr. (born c. 1943) is an American academic administrator who has served as president of several historically black colleges and universities. He is a former president of Bowie State University, Jackson State University, and California State University, Dominguez Hills. Lyons was interim president of Dillard University, University of the District of Columbia, and Concordia College Alabama. He was a secretary of the Maryland Higher Education Commission.

Maryland Higher Education Commission
The Maryland Higher Education Commission is the State of Maryland's governing board for higher education.  It is responsible for establishing state policies for public and private colleges and universities and for-profit career schools.  It is an independent agency created in 1988 and given responsibility for the planning, supervision and coordination of Maryland’s postsecondary education system under Education Article, §§10-207, 11-105.
Messin' Around (Pitbull song)
"Messin' Around" is a song by American rapper and singer Pitbull, featuring vocals from Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias. It was released on April 8, 2016, as the lead single of Pitbull's tenth studio album, Climate Change. The song interpolates "Take It on the Run" by REO Speedwagon. It also recycles a verse by Pitbull from the song "Kiss from Those Lips" by Pitbull and Qwote.

REO Speedwagon
REO Speedwagon (originally stylized as R.E.O. Speedwagon), or simply REO, was an American rock band from Champaign, Illinois.

Formed in 1966, the band cultivated a following during the 1970s and achieved significant commercial success throughout the 1980s. Their best-selling album, Hi Infidelity (1980), contained four US Top 40 hits and sold more than 10 million copies.

REO Speedwagon sold more than 40 million records and charted 13 Top 40 hits, including the number ones "Keep On Loving You" and "Can't Fight This Feeling".