hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nankai earthquakes
The Nankai earthquakes (南海地震, Nankai jishin) are major megathrust earthquakes that affect the Nankaidō (Southern Sea Circuit) region of Japan, west of the Tōnankai region (Southeastern Sea) and Tōkai region (Eastern Sea), and are caused by ruptures in the Nankai zone of the Nankai megathrust, specifically segments A and/or B. They occur with a return period of 100 to 200 years, and there is a high probability of one in the 21st century, as the most recent was the 1946 Nankaidō earthquake. These have high destructive potential, and thus are a focus of earthquake preparation.These are a class of Nankai megathrust earthquakes, frequently occurring in combination with, or following, a rupture of segments C and/or D (Tōnankai zone, yielding Tōnankai earthquakes) and sometimes segment E (Tōkai zone, yielding Tōkai earthquakes). They are also known as Nankaidō earthquakes (南海道地震, Nankaidō jishin).

1946 Nankai earthquake
The 1946 Nankai earthquake (昭和南海地震 Shōwa Nankai jishin) was a great earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan.  It occurred on December 21, 1946, at 04:19 JST (December 20, 19:19 UTC). The earthquake measured between 8.1 and 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale, and was felt from Northern Honshū to Kyūshū. It occurred almost two years after the 1944 Tōnankai earthquake, which ruptured the adjacent part of the Nankai megathrust.
Tierra helada
Tierra Helada (Spanish for "frozen land"), also known as Tierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy land"), is a term used in Latin America to refer to the highest places found within the Andes mountains.

The Tierra Helada comprises the montane grasslands and shrublands, sunis, punas and páramos between the tree line and the snow line. The term tierra helada is accurate from a climatological standpoint, as its land is indeed "frozen", situated above the snow line. In the northern Andes, the latter is located at an altitude of approximately 15,000 ft (or about 4,500 m).

The Peruvian geographer Javier Pulgar Vidal (Altitudinal zonation) used following altitudes:

1,000 m (3,300 ft) as the border between the tropical rainforest and the subtropical cloud forest

2,300 m (7,500 ft) m as the end of the subtropical cloud forest (Yunga fluvial)

3,500 m (11,500 ft) m as the tree line

4,800 m (15,700 ft) m as the puna end

Altitudinal zonation
Altitudinal zonation (or elevational zonation) in mountainous regions describes the natural layering of ecosystems that occurs at distinct elevations due to varying environmental conditions. Temperature, humidity, soil composition, and solar radiation are important factors in determining altitudinal zones, which consequently support different vegetation and animal species. Altitudinal zonation was first hypothesized by geographer Alexander von Humboldt who noticed that temperature drops with increasing elevation. Zonation also occurs in intertidal and marine environments, as well as on shorelines and in wetlands. Scientist C. Hart Merriam observed that changes in vegetation and animals in altitudinal zones map onto changes expected with increased latitude in his concept of life zones. Today, altitudinal zonation represents a core concept in mountain research.
Texas land survey system
Texas, along with the original thirteen states and several others in the Southwest which were originally deeded with Spanish land grants, does not use the Public Land Survey System (also known as the Section Township Range and the Jeffersonian System). Land grants from the state of Texas to railroad companies were often patented in blocks and sections, and occasionally in units of square miles, officially considered sections.

The Texas Land Survey System is often measured in Spanish Customary Units. The most important of these is the vara, which, while ambiguous in the past, was legally established to be exactly 33+1⁄3 inches (846.67 mm) long in June 1919.

The subdivision levels in Texas are as follows:

Public Land Survey System
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, or divide, real property for sale and settling. Also known as the Rectangular Survey System, it was created by the Land Ordinance of 1785 to survey land ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, following the end of the American Revolution. Beginning with the Seven Ranges in present-day Ohio, the PLSS has been used as the primary survey method in the United States. Following the passage of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, the Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory platted lands in the Northwest Territory. The Surveyor General was later merged with the United States General Land Office, which later became a part of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Today, the BLM controls the survey, sale, and settling of lands acquired by the United States.
Luis A. Flores
Luis Alberto Flores Medina (Ayabaca, October 11, 1899 — Lima, May 28, 1969) was a Peruvian lawyer, politician and diplomat. He was the Supreme Chief of the Revolutionary Union, a fascist party modelled after its Italian counterpart, after the assassination of the party's founder, Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro. He also served as a deputy for Lima and as Senator for Piura and Minister of Navy and Aviation, Government and Police and President of the Council of Ministers of Peru.

Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (August 12, 1889 – April 30, 1933) was a high-ranking Peruvian army officer, revolutionary, nationalist and politician who served as the 41st President of Peru, from 1931 to 1933 as well as interim president of Peru, officially as the president of the Provisional Government Junta, from 1930 to 1931. On August 22, 1930, as a lieutenant-colonel, he overturned the eleven-year dictatorship of Augusto B. Leguía after a coup d'état in Arequipa.

Following Leguía's resignation, Manuel Ponce was interim president until Sánchez was chosen on August 27. The new president flew to Lima and himself served as provisional president until the military with whom he had effected the coup forced him into exile after six months in office.

Having experienced multiple assassination attempts and coup attempts during his time in power, he was ultimately assassinated on April 30, 1933 by Abelardo de Mendoza, a member of the suppressed APRA Party.
2022 California State Assembly election
The 2022 California State Assembly election was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2022, with the primary election being held on June 7, 2022. All of the seats of the California State Assembly were elected as part of the 2022 California elections.

Democrats gained two seats, increasing their supermajority to 62 out of 80 seats.

2022 California elections
Elections were held in California on November 8, 2022. The statewide direct primary election was held on June 7, 2022.

California voters elected all of California's seats to the United States House of Representatives, one seat to the United States Senate, all of the seats of the California State Assembly, all even-numbered seats of the California State Senate, and the Governor of California and various statewide offices.

Pursuant to Proposition 14 passed in 2010, California uses a nonpartisan blanket primary for its races. All the candidates for the same elected office, regardless of respective political party, run against each other at once during the primary. The candidates receiving the most and second-most votes in the primary election then become the contestants in the general election.
Adam Sidlow
Adam Sidlow (born 25 October 1987) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who last played as a prop for the Swinton Lions in the RFL League 1.
He is assistant coach at St Helens RFC.

He previously played for the Widnes Vikings in two separate spells in National League One, Workington Town in 2007 National League Two and the Salford City Reds in 2008 National League One and the Super League. Sidlow also played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and the Championship, and the Toronto Wolfpack in all three tiers of professional rugby league in Europe.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Lagertha
Lagertha, according to legend, was a Viking ruler and shield-maiden from what is now Norway, and the onetime wife of the famous Viking Ragnar Lodbrok. Her tale was recorded by the chronicler Saxo in the 12th century. According to the historian Judith Jesch, Saxo's tales about warrior women are largely fictional; other historians wrote that they may have a basis in tales about the Norse deity Thorgerd.

Her name as recorded by Saxo is Lathgertha. It has also been recorded as Lagertha, Ladgertha, Ladgerda or similar.

Saxo Grammaticus
Saxo Grammaticus (c. 1150 – c. 1220), also known as Saxo cognomine Longus, was a Danish historian, theologian, and author. He is thought to have been a clerk or secretary to Absalon, Archbishop of Lund, the main advisor to Valdemar I of Denmark. He is the author of the Gesta Danorum, the first full history of Denmark, from which the legend of Amleth would come to inspire the story of Hamlet by Shakespeare.
Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.

Selig Polyscope Company
The Selig Polyscope Company was an American motion picture company that was founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago, Illinois. The company produced hundreds of early, widely distributed commercial moving pictures, including the first films starring Tom Mix, Harold Lloyd, Colleen Moore, and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle. Selig Polyscope also established Southern California's first permanent movie studio, in the historic Edendale district of Los Angeles.

Ending film production in 1918, the business, which had become known for its film production animals, became an animal and prop supplier to other studios and a zoo and amusement park attraction in East Los Angeles (Lincoln Heights).  The amusement park and zoo went into decline during the Great Depression in the 1930s.

In 1947, William Selig and several other early movie producers and directors shared a special Academy Honorary Award to acknowledge their role in building the film industry.
Gate
A gate or gateway is a point of entry to or from a space enclosed by walls. The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *gatan, meaning an opening or passageway. Synonyms include yett (which comes from the same root word) and portal. The concept originally referred to the gap or hole in the wall or fence, rather than a barrier which closed it. Gates may prevent or control the entry or exit of individuals, or they may be merely decorative. The moving part or parts of a gateway may be considered "doors", as they are fixed at one side whilst opening and closing like one.

A gate might have a latch that can be raised and lowered to both open a gate or prevent it from swinging. Gate operation can be either automated or manual. Locks are also used on gates to increase security.

Larger gates can be used for a whole building, such as a castle or fortified town. Doors can also be considered gates when they are used to block entry as prevalent within a gatehouse.

Gatehouse
A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most heavily armed section of a fortification, to compensate for being structurally the weakest and the most probable attack point by an enemy. There are numerous surviving examples in France, Austria, Germany, England and Japan.
Slavin Slavchev
Slavin Slavchev (Bulgarian: Славин Славчев, born 7 March 1991) is a Bulgarian singer and songwriter currently a lead vocal and bass guitarist in Julian's Laughter. He is the winner of the 2014 season of Bulgarian X Factor.

X Factor (Bulgarian TV series)
X Factor is the Bulgarian version of The X Factor, a show originating from the United Kingdom. It is a television music talent show contested by aspiring pop singers drawn from public auditions. The show's inaugural season aired in 2011 on Nova Television.
Cefepime/sulbactam
Cefepime/sulbactam is a 1:1 fixed-dose combination of cefepime (a fourth-generation cephalosporin) and sulbactam (a β-lactamase inhibitor). The combination exerts a bactericidal effect by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis through transpeptidase inhibition, thereby impairing peptidoglycan cross-linking. It was developed in 2006 by Russian researchers.

Cefepime/sulbactam was approved for medical use in Russia in 2019 and is also registered in Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia under the trade name Maxictam-AF.

Sulbactam
Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor. This drug is given in combination with β-lactam antibiotics to inhibit β-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that destroys the antibiotics.

It was patented in 1977 and approved for medical use in 1986.
Chuluncayani Adventist University
Chuluncayani Adventist University, named in Spanish as Universidad Chuluncayani Adventista, is a small private university and a campus of Peruvian Union University. It is found near the city of Puno on the edge of Lake Titicaca, a major tourist destination of Peru. The university is affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church, being one of two Adventist universities in Peru. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.

Seventh-day Adventist education
The Seventh-day Adventist educational system, part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, is overseen by the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists located in Silver Spring, Maryland. It is considered as the largest Protestant educational system and second largest Christian educational system in the world. The educational system is a Christian school–based system.

In 2023, the Seventh-day Adventist Church has associations with a total of 9,845 educational institutions operating in over 100 countries around the world with over 2,177,933 million students worldwide.

The denominationally-based school system began in the 1870s.
Comments section
The comments section is a feature on most online blogs, news websites, and other websites in which the publishers invite the audience to comment on the published content. This is a continuation of the older practice of publishing letters to the editor. Despite this, comments sections can be used for more discussion between readers.

Letter to the editor
A letter to the editor (LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about an issue of concern to the reader. Usually, such letters are intended for publication. In many publications, letters to the editor may be sent either through conventional mail or electronic mail.

Letters to the editor are most frequently associated with newspapers and news magazines; however, they are sometimes published in other periodicals such as entertainment and technical magazines and academic journals. Radio and television stations may also receive such letters, which are sometimes read on the air, particularly on news commentary broadcasts or on talk radio. In this presentation form the letter to the editor can also be described as viewer mail or listener mail, depending on the medium.
X-Men Black
X-Men Black is a five-issue comic book anthology series published weekly by Marvel Comics in October 2018, consisting of one-shot issues, each focusing on an X-Men antagonist: Magneto, Mojo, Mystique, Juggernaut, and Emma Frost.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Oral Ataniyazova
Oral Ataniyazova (Karakalpak: Атаниязова Орал) is a Karakalpak obstetrician and medical scientist from Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. She is the director of Perzent, the Karakalpak Center for Reproductive Health and Environment.

Karakalpak language
Karakalpak (Qaraqalpaq tili) is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan. It is divided into two dialects, Northeastern Karakalpak and Southwestern Karakalpak. It developed alongside Nogai and neighbouring Kazakh languages, being markedly influenced by both. Typologically, Karakalpak belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages, thus being closely related to and highly mutually intelligible with Kazakh and Nogai.
Third encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet
The third encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet was an encirclement campaign launched by the Chinese Nationalist Government against the Communist base in the Hubei–Henan–Anhui border region, the Eyuwan Soviet. The Fourth Red Army responded with its third counter-encirclement campaign, which successfully defended the soviet. The Nationalist attacks lasted from November 1931 to 17 June 1932.

Chinese Red Army
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army (紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising. The Red Army was reincorporated into the NRA as part of the Second United Front with the Kuomintang to fight against the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937–1945. In the later stages of the Chinese Civil War the Red Army splintered off once again and was renamed the People's Liberation Army.
Philippa Wiggins
Philippa Marion Wiggins (nee Glasgow) FRSNZ (16 July 1925 – 16 March 2017) was a New Zealand academic, who made significant contributions to the understanding of the structure of water in living cells.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Banarus Muhammad Khan
Banarus Muhammad Khan (born 31 August 1969) is a Pakistani athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also competed in both the long jump and the triple jump at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics in Stuttgart, Germany.

Khan set his best mark in June 1992 to win a meeting in Islamabad, triple jumping 15.93 m. At the 1992 Olympics, Khan finished 41st with a 15.37 m mark on his last attempt. The following year, Khan improved to 18th in the long jump, and finished 21st in the triple jump at the 1993 World Championships. He won the bronze medal in the triple jump at the 1999 South Asian Games, jumping 15.57 m.

1993 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump
These are the official results of the Men's Long Jump event at the 1993 IAAF World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. There were a total of 45 participating athletes, with two qualifying groups and the final held on Friday August 20, 1993.
Pay on production
Pay on production (PoP) is a special build-operate-transfer (BOT) model, where payment is made to a supplier by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) per piece produced on the supplier's own equipment by the OEM's employees.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Kerstin Anderson
Kerstin Bridget Anderson (born September 10, 1994) is an American stage actress and singer. She starred as Maria Von Trapp in the 2015–2017 U.S. national tour of The Sound of Music, for which she received critical praise.  She made her Broadway debut as the alternate for Eliza Doolittle in the 2018–2019 revival of My Fair Lady. Since then, she has performed mostly in U.S. regional theatre.

My Fair Lady
My Fair Lady is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story, based on George Bernard Shaw's 1913 play Pygmalion and on the 1938 film adaptation of the play, concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phonetician, so that she may pass as a lady. Despite his cynical nature and difficulty understanding women, Higgins grows attached to her.

The musical's 1956 Broadway production was a notable critical and popular success, winning six Tony Awards, including Best Musical. It set a record for the longest run of any musical on Broadway up to that time and was followed by a hit London production. Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews starred in both productions. Many revivals have followed, and the 1964 film version won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Mentha River
The Mentha River also known Mendha river is a river in the northwestern region of India. It originates from Manoharpura hills, located in Jaipur District, and flows through the Sikar District & Nagore District before eventually emptying into Sambhar Lake. The river follows a northward course, contributing to the freshwater inflow of the lake.

Nagaur district
Nagaur district is one of the 41 districts of the state of Rajasthan in western India. Panchayati Raj was introduced here. It is the fifth largest district in Rajasthan and the area of the district is 17,718 km2 (6,841 sq mi). The city of Nagaur is the district headquarters. Nagaur district is located in central region of Rajasthan.