hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Dubienka
51°04′40″N 23°51′58″E﻿ / ﻿51.077813°N 23.866153°E﻿ / 51.077813; 23.866153

The Battle of Dubienka occurred during the Polish–Russian War of 1792 (War of the Second Partition of Poland) where on July 18, 1792, the Polish army under the command of General Tadeusz Kościuszko defended the Bug River crossing against the Russian army under General Mikhail Kakhovsky. Although the Russians had a numerical advantage of 5:1 over the Polish defenders, some of their attacks were stymied by field fortifications raised by the Poles. Subsequent Russian assault and flanking forced the Poles to retreat to avoid being encircled. After the Polish-Lithuanian forces left their forward positions, the Russian army occupied the area.

Bug (river)
The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of 774 kilometres (481 mi). A tributary of the Narew, the Bug forms part of the border between Belarus and Poland for 178 kilometres (111 mi) and part of the border between Ukraine and Poland for 185 kilometres (115 mi).

The Bug is connected with the Dnieper by the Dnieper–Bug Canal. Out of its 38,712 square kilometres (14,947 mi2) drainage basin, half is in Poland, just over a quarter in Belarus, and slightly under a quarter in Ukraine.
Paris Titans
The Paris Titans are a junior hockey team based in Paris, Ontario, Canada. The team was founded in 1985 as the Paris Mounties, they were members of the Midwestern Junior C Hockey League of the Ontario Hockey Association until the 2016-17 season when it became the Pat Dougherty Division of the Central Conference of the Provincial Junior Hockey League. In 2023, follow a sale of the team, they were renamed the Titans.

Ontario Hockey Association
The Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) is the governing body for the majority of junior and senior level ice hockey teams in the province of Ontario. Founded in 1890, the OHA is sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Federation along with the Northern Ontario Hockey Association. Other Ontario sanctioning bodies along with the OHF include the Hockey Eastern Ontario and Hockey Northwestern Ontario. The OHA controls three tiers of junior hockey; the "Tier 2 Junior "A", Junior "B" , Junior "C", and one senior hockey league, Allan Cup Hockey.

In 1980, the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League vacated what was known as Tier I Junior "A" hockey.  The league is now known as the Ontario Hockey League.  Although it is not a charter member of the OHA, the OHL is affiliated with the OHA and Ontario Hockey Federation.
Sack of Bostra
The sack of Bostra occurred around the spring of 270 AD when Queen Zenobia of Palmyra sent her general, Zabdas, to Bostra, the capital of Arabia Petraea, to subjugate the Tanukhids who were challenging Palmyrene authority.

The sack marked the beginning of Zenobia's military operations to consolidate Palmyrene authority over the Roman east. During the sack, the governor of Arabia Petraea at the time, a certain Trassus, attempted to confront the Palmyrenes but was defeated and killed, while the city was sacked and the Legio III Cyrenaica's revered shrine, the temple of Zeus Hammon, was destroyed.

The sack of the city was shortly followed by the subjugation of Arabia and Judea, and later a full invasion of Egypt, and is the first in the string of events which ended in open rebellion against the Roman Empire and the declaration of an independent Palmyrene Empire.

Zabdas
Zabdas was a 3rd-century general (an Egyptian according to ancient sources like Zosimus and Historia Augusta) who led the forces of Empress Zenobia of Palmyra during her rule as regent of her son Vaballathus and her subsequent rebellion against the Roman Emperor under the short-lived independent Palmyrene Empire. He led Palmyra's expeditions in the middle east which included annexing territory spanning from Roman Egypt to Asia Minor.

Following Emperor Aurelian's campaign in the east and the fall of Palmyra, Zabdas, among other notable Palmyrene officials including Cassius Longinus was executed in Emesa after being held on trial by the emperor.
Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump
The men's high jump field event at the 1960 Olympic Games took place on September 1. Thirty-two athletes from 23 nations competed.  The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Robert Shavlakadze of the Soviet Union, the nation's first victory in the men's high jump. Valery Brumel took silver; both men surpassed the previous best placing for the Soviet team of bronze. American John Thomas took bronze to keep alive the United States' streak of medaling in every edition of the Olympic men's high jump.

Robert Shavlakadze
Robert Shavlakadze (Georgian: რობერტ შავლაყაძე; Russian: Роберт Михайлович Шавлакадзе, 1 April 1933 – 4 March 2020) was a Georgian high jumper. He competed for the Soviet Union at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and finished in first and fifth place, respectively. He also won a bronze medal at the 1962 European Championships.

Domestically Shavlakadze won only one Soviet title, in 1964, finishing second in 1959, 1960 and 1962. After retiring from competitions he worked as an athletics coach, in Georgia and Congo. From 1981 to 1993 he was professor of physical education at the Agricultural University of Georgia. Later he became member of the Georgian Olympic Committee.
Rubbers (film)
Rubbers is a 2014 Singaporean sex comedy film written and directed by Han Yew Kwang.  It stars Marcus Chin, Julian Hee, Lee Chau Min, Oon Shu An, Catherine Sng, Alaric Tay, and Yeo Yann Yann as Singaporeans who are faced with various problems in their sex lives related to condoms.  The film is split into three shorts whose scenes are interwoven.  It premiered at the Singapore International Film Festival on 12 December 2014.  Golden Village released it theatrically on 30 April 2015, in Singapore, where it grossed $82,510.

Golden Village
Golden Village is a cinema operator in Singapore. It also is a partner of Orange Sky Golden Harvest, a Hong Kong-based film production company. Established in 1992 as a joint venture between Golden Harvest and Village Roadshow, the company operates 17 multiplexes and cineplexes across Singapore. It introduced Asia’s first multiplex at Yishun in the same year the company was established.

Golden Village Pictures, the film distribution division of Golden Village, has distributed titles from Village Roadshow Pictures, including The Matrix trilogy, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, Happy Feet, and The Lego Movie in Singapore. Additionally, the company distributes acquired films in regional and global markets.
La Farina
La Farina (1911–1935) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire who was noted for his rivalry with his contemporary Sardanapale and has been regarded as one of the best French horses of the 20th century. In 1913 he showed promise as a juvenile, winning the Prix La Rochette. In the following year he defeated Sardanapale in the Prix Daru and the Prix Lupin before being narrowly beaten by his rival in the Grand Prix de Paris. La Farina's racing career was curtailed by the outbreak of the First World War but he went on to become a successful sire of winners. He died in 1935.

Grand Prix de Paris
The Grand Prix de Paris (branded as the Cygames Grand Prix de Paris for sponsorship reasons) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 2,400 metres (about 1½ miles), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
National Jet Express
National Jet Express (formerly Cobham Aviation Services Australia - Regional Services) is an Australian charter airline and aviation services provider with its headquarters in Perth, Western Australia.

Santos Limited
Santos Limited, (South Australia and Northern Territory Oil Search) is an Australian oil and gas exploration and production company, with its headquarters in Adelaide, South Australia. It owns liquefied natural gas (LNG), pipeline gas, and oil assets. It is the biggest supplier of natural gas in Australia, with its plants in the Cooper Basin in South Australia and South West Queensland supplying the eastern states of Australia. Its operations also extend to the seas off Western Australia and Northern Territory. It is the 15th largest company in Australia as categorised by Forbes in their 2024 ranking.

The company has been criticised by environmentalists and others for its high level of greenhouse gas emissions, its lobbying of political parties, and various incidents causing contamination. Santos provides sponsorship of several arts festivals and bodies, charities, and the University of Adelaide's Australian School of Petroleum.
David Stoddart, Baron Stoddart of Swindon
David Leonard Stoddart, Baron Stoddart of Swindon (4 May 1926 – 14 November 2020) was a British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Swindon from 1970 to 1983, and as a life peer in the House of Lords from 1983 to his death in 2020. He served as a Labour peer from 1983 to 2002, when he was expelled from the Labour benches, after which he sat as an Independent Labour peer until his death.

Swindon (UK Parliament constituency)
Swindon was a parliamentary constituency in the town of Swindon in Wiltshire, England.

It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from the 1918 general election until it was abolished for the 1997 general election.

It was then replaced by the two new constituencies of North Swindon and South Swindon.
Meroitic language
The Meroitic language (/mɛroʊˈɪtɪk/) was a language of uncertain linguistic affiliation spoken in Meroë (in present-day Sudan) during the Meroitic period (attested from 300 BC) and became extinct about 400 AD. It was written in two forms of the Meroitic alphabet: Meroitic Cursive, which was written with a stylus and was used for general record-keeping; and Meroitic Hieroglyphic, which was carved in stone or used for royal or religious documents. It is poorly understood, owing to the scarcity of bilingual texts.

Stylus
A stylus is a writing utensil or tool for scribing or marking into softer materials. Different styluses were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal, and the slate and stylus system is used to punch out dots to write in Braille.

Styluses are held in the hand and thus are usually a narrow elongated shape, similar to a modern ballpoint pen. Many styluses are heavily curved to be held more easily.

The word stylus is also used to describe computer styluses used to assist in navigating or providing more precision when using touchscreens.
Sagina (film)
Sagina is a 1974 Hindi film, produced by J. K. Kapur and directed by Tapan Sinha, the film stars Dilip Kumar, Saira Banu, Aparna Sen, and Om Prakash. It was a remake of 1970 Bengali movie Sagina Mahato directed by Tapan Sinha with the same lead pair in the cast. This version was a commercial failure, and Dilip Kumar's first consecutive failure in almost three decades since 1945.

Aparna Sen
Aparna Sen (Bengali: [ɔpoɾna ʃen] ⓘ; née Dasgupta) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actress who is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has received several accolades as an actress and filmmaker, including nine National Film Awards, six Filmfare Awards East and thirteen Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. 
For her contribution in the field of arts, the Government of India honoured her with Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian award.
Sasiv
Sasiv (Ukrainian: Сасів; Polish: Sasów, Sassów; Yiddish: סאַסאָװ, Russian: Сасов) is a village in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine, since 1945. Until 1772 the village was located in the historical territory of Ruthenia, in the Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, thereafter until 1919 became part of the Austro-Hungarian Cisleithanian crown lands in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (Galicia). From 1919 until 1945 the town was once again part of Poland within the Tarnopol Voivodeship. It belongs to Zolochiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The town is located 8 km north-east of Zolochiv on the west bank of Western Bug River.

Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo tarnopolskie; Ukrainian: Тернопільське воєводство, romanized: Ternopilske voievodstvo) was an administrative region of interwar Poland (1918–1939), created on 23 December 1920, with an area of 16,500 km2 and provincial capital in Tarnopol (now Ternopil, Ukraine). The voivodeship was divided into 17 districts (powiaty). At the end of World War II, at the insistence of Joseph Stalin during the Tehran Conference of 1943 without official Polish representation whatsoever, the borders of Poland were redrawn by the Allies. The Polish population was forcibly resettled after the defeat of Nazi Germany and the Tarnopol Voivodeship was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. Since 1991, the territory of the voivodeship has been split between the eastern part of the Lviv region and the central and southern parts of the Ternopil region in sovereign Ukraine.
Ed Montgomery (musician)
Edward Lee "Ed" Montgomery (born February 1, 1952) is an American author, motivational speaker, gospel musician, and pianist, who is the founder and pastor of Abundant Life Center For Dynamic Living in Houston, Texas.

He started his music career in 2000 with the release of, Show Me the Money, by his own label, Ablife Records. The album, I Still Believe, was released in 2000, again by Ablife Records. This album would chart on two Billboard charts Gospel Albums and Independent Albums. His 2002 album, Total Live Experience, was released by Ablife Records. The album charted on the two aforementioned charts, along with placing on the Heatseekers Albums chart.

Ed Montgomery is also the author of several books, including Heaven in Your Heart: And in Your Pocket Too (Charisma Media, December 1998), Breaking the Spirit of Poverty (Charisma House, March 1999), and When Heaven Is Silent (Creation House, June 2002), all available on Amazon.

Top Gospel Albums
Top Gospel Albums is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States, ranking the popularity of gospel albums. As of Tuesday, January 31, 2017 (with the charts dated February 11, 2017), it uses the same multi-metric methodology developed for the Billboard 200, which incorporates traditional album sales, track equivalent albums (TEA) and streaming equivalent albums (SEA).
Janet Schuster
Janet Schuster (born c. 1961) is a Canadian Paralympic cross-country skier and physiotherapist who has an visual impairment. She began skiing in 1975 and competitively from 1977. Schuster won the bronze medal in the women's 4 x 5-kilometre relay 5A-5B along with three other skiers at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Geilo, Norway.

Geilo
Geilo (Norwegian pronunciation: [jæɪ̯luː] ⓘ) is a centre in the municipality of Hol in Buskerud county, Norway. Geilo is primarily a ski resort town, with around 2,500 inhabitants. It is situated in the valley of Hallingdal, 250 km from Oslo and 260 km from Bergen. The Bergen Line facilitated Geilo's development as the first skiing resort in the country, and it is still one of the largest. It is also known for having some of the most luxurious and expensive holiday cabins in Norway. The center of the town lies at 800 meters above sea level, and its highest point is 1178 meters above sea level.
Shōta Suzuki (baseball, born 1995)
Shōta Suzuki (鈴木 翔太, Suzuki Shōta; born June 16, 1995 in Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan) is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Hanshin Tigers of the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has played in NPB for the Chunichi Dragons. He last played  for the Chunichi Dragons. Suzuki was the first draft pick for the Dragons in the 2013 NPB Draft.

Hanshin Tigers
The Hanshin Tigers (阪神タイガース, Hanshin Taigāsu) are a Nippon Professional Baseball team playing in the Central League. The team is based in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, next to their main stadium, Hanshin Koshien Stadium.

The Tigers are owned by Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc.

The Hanshin Tigers are one of the oldest professional clubs in Japan. They played their first season in 1936 as the Osaka Tigers and assumed their current team name in 1961.
Sinclair Ferguson
Sinclair Buchanan Ferguson (born 21 February 1948) is a Scottish Reformed systematic theology scholar. Known for his teaching, writing, and editorial work, he has been Chancellor's Professor of Systematic Theology at Reformed Theological Seminary since 2017, commuting from Scotland, where he was an assistant minister at St. Peter's Free Church of Scotland, Dundee. He is currently a preaching associate at Trinity Church, Aberdeen.

Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)
The Free Church of Scotland  (Scottish Gaelic: An Eaglais Shaor; Scots: Free Kirk o Scotland) is a conservative evangelical Calvinist denomination in Scotland. It is the continuation of the original Free Church of Scotland that remained outside the union with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1900, and remains a distinct Presbyterian denomination in Scotland.

From 1900, when the majority of the Free Church joined the United Presbyterians to form the United Free Church, The Free Church became known, pejoratively, as "The Wee Frees", even though, in 21st century Scotland, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination after the Church of Scotland. As this term was originally used in comparing the Free Church unfavourably with the United Free Church, the Free Church of Scotland now deprecates its use.
Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act
The Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act (FCSRCA) of 1992 are United States regulatory requirements that mandate all assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics report pregnancy success rates data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in a standardized manner and for the CDC to publish pregnancy success rates .

FCSRCA is the primary consumer protection regulation for in-vitro fertilization in the US. Though participation in FCSRCA is mandatory, there is no penalty for non-participation. In 2024, approximately 90% of fertility clinics participated, though the results are susceptible to manipulation by cherry picking couples with a higher chance of conception. The CDC annually audits a sampling of participating clinics for validity.

Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, and the use of fertility medication. When used to address infertility, ART may also be referred to as fertility treatment. ART primarily belongs to the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility Some forms of ART may be used about fertile couples for genetic purposes (see preimplantation genetic diagnosis). ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements, although not all surrogacy arrangements involve ART.
The existence of sterility will not always require ART to be the first option to consider, as there are occasions when its cause is a mild disorder that can be solved with more conventional treatments or with behaviors based on promoting health and reproductive habits.
Eochaid Ailtlethan
Eochaid (or Eochu) Ailtlethan ("broad blade"), son of Ailill Caisfiaclach, was, according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, a High King of Ireland. According to the Lebor Gabála Érenn, he took the throne after overthrowing and killing the previous incumbent, Adamair. He ruled for eleven years, until he was killed in battle by Fergus Fortamail. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Ptolemy V Epiphanes in Egypt (204–181 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign to 285–274 BC,  that of the Annals of the Four Masters (which gives him a reign of seventeen years) to 414–396 BC.

Ailill Caisfiaclach
Ailill Caisfiaclach ("having crooked/hateful teeth"), son of Connla Cáem, was, according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, a High King of Ireland. He succeeded his father, and reigned for twenty-five years, until he was killed by Adamair, the son of Fer Corb the man who had killed Ailill's grandfather. The Lebor Gabála Érenn synchronises his reign with that of Ptolemy V Epiphanes in Egypt (204–181 BC). Geoffrey Keating's Foras Feasa ar Éirinn dates his reign from 315 to 290 BC, the Annals of the Four Masters from 443 to 418 BC.
Ruziewicz problem
In mathematics, the Ruziewicz problem (sometimes Banach–Ruziewicz problem) in measure theory asks whether the usual Lebesgue measure on the n-sphere is characterised, up to proportionality, by its properties of being finitely additive, invariant under rotations, and defined on all Lebesgue measurable sets.

This was answered affirmatively and independently for n ≥ 4 by Grigory Margulis and Dennis Sullivan around 1980, and for n = 2 and 3 by Vladimir Drinfeld (published 1984). It fails for the circle.

The problem is named after Stanisław Ruziewicz.

Lebesgue measure
In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of higher dimensional Euclidean n-spaces. For lower dimensions , it coincides with the standard measure of length, area, or volume. In general, it is also called n-dimensional volume, n-volume, hypervolume, or simply volume. It is used throughout real analysis, in particular to define Lebesgue integration. Sets that can be assigned a Lebesgue measure are called Lebesgue-measurable; the measure of the Lebesgue-measurable set  is here denoted by .

Henri Lebesgue described this measure in the year 1901 which, a year after, was followed up by his description of the Lebesgue integral. Both were published as part of his dissertation Intégrale, Longueur, Aire in 1902.
Three Pagodas
The Three Pagodas of the Chongsheng Temple (Chinese: 崇圣寺三塔; pinyin: Chóngshèng Sì Sāntǎ) are an ensemble of three independent pagodas arranged on the corners of an equilateral triangle, near the old town of Dali, Yunnan province, China, dating from the time of the Kingdom of Nanzhao and Kingdom of Dali in the 9th and 10th centuries.

The Three Pagodas are located about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of Dali old town. They are at the east foot of the tenth peak of the massive Cangshan Mountains and face the west shore of the Erhai Lake of ancient Dali.

Dali Kingdom
The Dali Kingdom, also known as the Dali State (traditional Chinese: 大理國; simplified Chinese: 大理国; pinyin: Dàlǐ Guó; Bai: Dablit Guaif), was a Bai dynastic state situated in modern Yunnan province, China, from 937 to 1253. In 1253, it was conquered by the Mongols. However, descendants of its ruling house continued to administer the area as tusi chiefs under Yuan dynasty rule until the Ming conquest of Yunnan in 1382. The former capital of the Dali Kingdom remains known as Dali in modern Yunnan Province today.