hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alison Creagh
Alison Margaret Creagh AM CSC (born 1962) is a retired Australian Army officer. After seeing active service with the Australian Army in Cambodia, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan, she was involved in the creation of the Australian Peacekeeping Memorial on Anzac Parade, Canberra. She was president of the Paralympics Australia from September 2023 to June 2025.

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was a United Nations administrative and peacekeeping operation in Cambodia in 1992–93 formed following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords. This was the first occasion in which the UN directly assumed responsibility for the administration of an outright independent state (though the UN did administer the former Dutch territory of Netherlands New Guinea between 1962 and 1963 prior), rather than simply monitoring or supervising the area. The UN transitional authority organized and ran elections, had its own radio station and jail, and was responsible for promoting and safeguarding human rights at the national level.
Dumbarton (district)
56°01′N 4°38′W﻿ / ﻿56.01°N 4.63°W﻿ / 56.01; -4.63

Dumbarton (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatainn) was, from 1975 to 1996, one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland, covering the town of Dumbarton and surrounding areas to the north-west of Glasgow.

Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)
The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since  the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.
Haji Omeran
Haji Omeran (Kurdish: حاجی ئۆمەران ,Hacî Omeran; Arabic: حاج عمران), is a town located in Iraqi Kurdistan's Erbil Governorate near the Iran–Iraq border. It is 180 kilometers northeast of the Erbil and 20 kilometers east of the Choman. The town is inhabited by Kurds.

The BBC described it as "a scruffy, scrappy kind of town with a frontier feel." Many of the inhabitants leave it during the months of winter due to extreme climate conditions, temporarily staying in the area of Erbil.

Erbil Governorate
Erbil Governorate (Kurdish: پارێزگای ھەولێر, romanized: Parêzgeha Hewlêr; Arabic: محافظة أربيل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Arbīl) is a governorate of Iraq in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region. Its capital is Erbil.
Rudolf Lehmann (military judge)
Rudolf Lehmann (11 December 1890 – 26 July 1955) was a German jurist and military judge who was the Judge Advocate General of the Wehrmacht in World War II. Lehmann was found guilty of war crimes at the High Command Trial at Nuremberg in 1948. He had close ties with Nazi Germany, but was not a member of the Nazi Party.

High Command Trial
The High Command Trial (officially, The United States of America vs. Wilhelm von Leeb, et al.), also known initially as Case No. 12 (the 13 Generals' Trial), and later as Case No. 72 (the German high command trial: Trial of Wilhelm von Leeb and thirteen others), was the last of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone of Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. These twelve trials were all held before U.S. military courts, not before the International Military Tribunal, but took place in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice. The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "subsequent Nuremberg trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT).
2007 Midwest flooding
The 2007 Midwest flooding was a major flooding event that occurred in the Midwestern United States in the third week of August 2007. While Hurricane Dean was affecting the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and Tropical Storm Erin was affecting Oklahoma and Texas, a persistent storm system hung over the Midwest for several days, causing repeated flash flooding in the US states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Cool Canadian air clashed with large quantities of warm moist air from the Gulf, producing torrential rains along a stationary front.  5 deaths across the central United States were attributed to the resulting flooding.  Seven Minnesota counties, eight Ohio counties, fourteen counties in Wisconsin, and seven counties in Illinois were declared Federal Disaster Areas.

Stationary front
A stationary front (or quasi-stationary front) is a weather front or transition zone between two air masses when each air mass is advancing into the other at speeds less than 5 knots (about 6 miles per hour or about 9 kilometers per hour) at the ground surface. These fronts are typically depicted on weather maps as a solid line with alternating blue spikes (pointing toward the warmer air) and red domes (facing the colder air).
Quinton Scerri
Quinton Scerri Taylor is a Maltese television personality and former Labour politician from Żabbar, Malta. He started his television career in 2003 with One TV and since 2014 a presenter on TVM, the Public Broadcasting Services until present. He was elected and shortly served as mayor of Żabbar from 2013 until his resignation in 2014.

Public Broadcasting Services
Public Broadcasting Services Limited (PBS; Maltese: Servizzi ta' Xandir Pubbliku) is the public broadcaster of Malta. PBS is funded by government grants and the sale of commercial airtime. Its TVM channel is Malta's most watched television channel, and its radio station Magic Malta enjoys huge popularity among local and foreign listeners.

Each year on 13 December, PBS hosts an open day, where the public takes a visit in the building and have a look at the sets of the channels and radios.
Alamata (woreda)
Alamata (Tigrinya: ኣላማጣ) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Debubawi Zone, Alamata is bordered on the south and west by the Amhara Region, on the northwest by Ofla, and on the northeast by Raya Azebo. Towns in Alamata include Waja. The city of Alamata is a separate entity and is surrounded by Alamata woreda.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Rossi–Forel scale
The Rossi–Forel scale was one of the first seismic scales to represent earthquake intensities. Developed by Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi of Italy and François-Alphonse Forel of Switzerland during the late 19th century, it was used commonly for about two decades until the introduction of the Mercalli intensity scale in 1902.

The Rossi–Forel scale and/or its modifications is still used in some countries, such as the Philippines until 1996 when it was replaced by the PHIVOLCS earthquake intensity scale.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
ŽRK Kumanovo
ŽRK Kumanovo is a women's handball club from Kumanovo in North Macedonia. ŽRK Kumanovo competes in the Super Liga. They have won the Macedonian cup title in 2019. Next year they won the Macedonian Championship 2020.

Macedonian women's First League of Handball
The Macedonian women's First League of Handball (Macedonian: Македонска Женска ракометна супер лига;) is the top-tier team handball competition in the Republic of North Macedonia, governed by the Macedonian Handball Federation.
Jocelyn Woollcombe
Dame Jocelyn May Woollcombe, DBE (9 May 1898 – 30 January 1986) was Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) from 1946 to 1950.

She joined the WRNS as a chief officer in August 1939 and was promoted superintendent on 14 May 1940.

Women's Royal Naval Service
The Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS; popularly and officially known as the Wrens) was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for the First World War, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNS included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians, air mechanics, ground transport vehicle drivers and motorcycle dispatch riders.
Rocky Ridge (California)
Rocky Ridge is a 2,020 ft (620 m) ridge in the Inner Coast Ranges in western Contra Costa County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Being the second-highest mountain in the county, it is visible from much of the surrounding area. The ridge is a very prominent feature in the geography of the towns of Lafayette, Moraga and Orinda, California.

Inner Coast Ranges
The Inner Coast Ranges are a long mountain range subsystem of the California Coast Ranges, running generally north–south in western California, from Santa Barbara County north to the Klamath Mountains system.
Gilbert Shakespeare
Gilbert Shakespeare (baptised 13 October 1566, buried probably 3 February 1612) was an English haberdasher, and a younger brother of playwright and poet William Shakespeare. His name is found in local records of Stratford-upon-Avon and London.

Haberdasher
In British English, a haberdasher is a business or person who sells small articles for sewing, dressmaking and knitting, such as buttons, ribbons and zips; in the United States, the term refers instead to  a men's clothing store that sells  suits, shirts, neckties, men's dress shoes and other items.
Gmina Opinogóra Górna
Gmina Opinogóra Górna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Opinogóra Górna, which lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Ciechanów and 79 km (49 mi) north of Warsaw.

The gmina covers an area of 139.76 square kilometres (54.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,980 (5,982 in 2013).

Ciechanów
Ciechanów (Polish pronunciation: [t͡ɕeˈxanuf] ⓘ) is a city in north-central Poland, seat of the Ciechanów County in the Masovian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, it has a population of 43,495.

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1065, Ciechanów is one of the oldest and largest cities of northern Mazovia, particularly known for its medieval castle, brewery, founded in the 18th century, and the science park with the unique hyperboloid water tower. The city has experienced several foreign invasions and was the site of the publication of Poland's pioneering honey harvesting law in 1559. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Ciechanów Voivodeship.
Wild Palms
Wild Palms is a five-hour miniseries which was produced by Greengrass Productions and first aired in May 1993 on the ABC network in the United States. The sci-fi drama, announced as an "event series", deals with the dangers of politically motivated abuse of mass media technology and virtual realities in particular. It is based on a comic strip written by Bruce Wagner and illustrated by Julian Allen first published in 1990 in Details magazine. Wagner, who also wrote the screenplay, served as executive producer together with Oliver Stone. The series stars James Belushi, Dana Delany, Robert Loggia, Kim Cattrall, Bebe Neuwirth, David Warner, and Angie Dickinson. The episodes were directed by Kathryn Bigelow, Keith Gordon, Peter Hewitt and Phil Joanou.

Details (magazine)
Details (stylized in all caps) was an American monthly men's magazine that was published by Condé Nast, founded in 1982 by Annie Flanders. Though primarily a magazine devoted to fashion and lifestyle, Details also featured reports on relevant social and political issues. In November 2015 Condé Nast announced that the magazine would cease publication with the issue of December 2015/January 2016.
Conservation behavior
Conservation behavior is the interdisciplinary field about how animal behavior can assist in the conservation of biodiversity. It encompasses proximate and ultimate causes of behavior and incorporates disciplines including genetics, physiology, behavioral ecology, and evolution.

Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig. The modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of the Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and the Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, the three winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ethology combines laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to neuroanatomy, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Joginder Singh Bakshi
Lieutenant General Joginder Singh Bakshi MVC, VSM (10 March 1928 – 19 August 2014) was a General Officer in the Indian Army. He was decorated with the Maha Vir Chakra for his role in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Vishisht Seva Medal
The Vishisht Seva Medal (VSM, lit. 'Distinguished Service Medal') is a decoration of the Indian Armed Forces. It is awarded to recognize "distinguished service of a high order" to all ranks of the Indian Armed Forces.

From 1980, the Yudh Seva Medal was introduced to recognize exceptional services in an operational environment. Since then the VSM has been restricted to non-operational service.
José Luis Álvarez (artist)
José Luis Álvarez (3 June 1917 in Guatemala City – 5 February 2012 in Antigua Guatemala) was a Guatemalan artist who, from 1976 until his death, lived and painted in Antigua.  He became known as one of the best landscape artists from Guatemala and was part of a generation of prolific artists who, as exponents of national art, defined the Guatemalan School.  Álvarez developed a distinguished wide impasto technique, using the spatula, and a great delicacy in the use of color.

Antigua Guatemala
Antigua Guatemala (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtiɣwa ɣwateˈmala]), commonly known as Antigua or La Antigua, is a city in the central highlands of Guatemala. The city was the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala from 1543 through 1773, with much of its Baroque-influenced architecture and layout dating from that period. Antigua Guatemala serves as the capital of the homonymous municipality and the Sacatepéquez Department.

Because of its outstanding Spanish Baroque-influenced architecture, layout, churches, and ruins, and the city's importance during the early colonial period of the country, Antigua Guatemala was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.
Claudia Maria Buch
Claudia Maria Buch (also Claudia-Maria Buch; born March 1966) is a German economist who serves as Chair of the ECB Supervisory Board since 2024. She was a Vice President of the Bundesbank from 2014 to 2023.

Earlier in her career, Buch worked as professor at the University of Tübingen and was a member of the German Council of Economic Experts.

She worked as scientific director at the Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (Institute of Applied Economic Studies) in Tübingen and as chairperson of the economic council at the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. She still teaches at the Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg. Her research focuses on regulation and supervision of banking.

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (German: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈvɪʁt.ʃaft ʔʊnt eneʁˈɡiː]; abbreviated BMWE, formerly BMWi) is a cabinet-level ministry  of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was previously known as the "Ministry of Economy". It was recreated in 2005 as "Ministry of Economics and Technology" after it had previously been merged with other ministries to form the Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005. The ministry is advised by the Council of Advisors on Digital Economy.
Antoñito
Antonio Ramiro Pérez (born 2 February 1978), known as Antoñito, is a Spanish former footballer who played as a striker.

He played mainly for Sevilla and Xerez in a 13-year professional career, amassing La Liga totals of 147 matches and 26 goals over six seasons and adding 150 games and 35 goals in the Segunda División.

Xerez CD
Xerez Club Deportivo, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in the city of Jerez de la Frontera. Founded in 1947, it currently plays in Group 4 of the Segunda Federación, the fourth tier of the Spanish football league system.
Ralph McT. Pennell
Ralph McT. Pennell (August 18, 1882 – May 17, 1973) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of World War I and World War II, he attained the rank of major general, and was a recipient of the Legion of Merit and two awards of the Army Distinguished Service Medal. His career spanned 1906 to 1946, and included command of the: 34th Field Artillery Regiment; 1st Field Artillery Regiment; 2nd Battalion, 15th Field Artillery Regiment; 15th Field Artillery Regiment; 52nd Field Artillery Brigade; 27th Infantry Division; Hawaii District; Field Artillery Replacement Training Center at Fort Sill; and United States Army Field Artillery School.

Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Army that is presented to soldiers who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility. The performance must be such as to merit recognition for service that is clearly exceptional. The exceptional performance of normal duty will not alone justify an award of this decoration.

The Army's Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Air and Space Forces' Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal. Prior to the creation of the Air Force's Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army's Distinguished Service Medal.
U.S. Route 259
U.S. Route 259 (US 259) is a north–south spur of U.S. Route 59 that runs for 250 miles (400 km) through rural areas of northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. The highway's southern terminus is near Nacogdoches, Texas, at an interchange with its parent route, US 59. Its northern terminus is in the Ouachita Mountains, approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Heavener, Oklahoma, where it reunites with US 59.  For most of its length, US 259 lies 30–50 miles (48–80 km) to the west of its parent route.

Heavener, Oklahoma
Heavener /ˈhiːvnər/ is a town in Le Flore County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Heavener had a population of 2,985. Heavener is notable for the Heavener Runestone just outside the city limits.
Austin 18/24
The Austin 18-24 (or 18-24 hp) is a large 5-litre luxury motor-car that was produced by the British manufacturer Austin. Despite the name, its successive engines rated around 30 horsepower for tax purposes and the pundits of the day regarded it as really a 30–40. It was launched in 1907 with the 25-30's 5.3-litre (4+1⁄2 by 5 inches, 110 mm × 130 mm) engine and in Austin's catalogue replaced the 15-20, of which only four were made. The next year it used the 15-20's 4.4-litre engine.

In June 1920 The Times referred to it as (Austin's) ". . . famous 18-hp of years ago". The 18-24 was the first big seller for Austin, reaching sales of 1,566 by the end of 1913.

It was in fact replaced for 1914 by the 6.1-litre 30.6 tax horsepower Austin 30 hp. though the catalogue showed a new 20-hp  described by the same pundits with the note "20 hp is a very fair estimate of its ranking".

Tax horsepower
The fiscal / taxable horsepower or just tax horsepower was an early system to calculate road taxation rates for automobiles in a number of key Western European countries such as the UK, Germany, France, Belgium and Italy. Some U.S. states like Illinois also charged license plate purchase and renewal fees for passenger automobiles, based on taxable horsepower. The tax horsepower rating was typically computed not from actual engine power but by mathematical formulae based on cylinder dimensions etc, and varying per country. In the early twentieth century, fiscal power was reasonably close to real power – but as the internal combustion engine developed, real power output outpaced nominal taxable power by a factor of up to ten or more.
Boman Irani
Boman Irani (born 2 December 1959) is an Indian actor and comedian who worked primarily in Hindi-language films. He has featured in over 100 films, and is the recipient of a Filmfare Award and two IIFA Awards.

Some of his notable works include Munna Bhai MBBS (2003), Veer-Zaara, Main Hoon Na, Lakshya (all 2004), No Entry (2005), Lage Raho Munna Bhai, Don (both 2006), Khosla Ka Ghosla (2006), Heyy Babyy (2007), Dostana (2008), 3 Idiots (2009), Housefull (2010), Don 2 (2011), Housefull 2, Cocktail (both 2012), Jolly LLB (2013), PK, Happy New Year (both 2014), Dilwale (2015), Housefull 3 (2016), Sanju (2018), Total Dhamaal (2019), 83 (2021), Uunchai (2022) and Dunki (2023). He made his directorial debut with the self-starring drama The Mehta Boys (2025).

International Indian Film Academy Awards
The International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA Awards) is an annual awards ceremony for Hindi cinema. Produced by Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd, the winners of the awards are decided by fans, who vote online for their favourite actors from the Indian Hindi film industry. Instituted in 2000, the ceremony is held in different countries around the world every year.

The IIFA Utsavam is the South Indian segment of the annual IIFA Awards. The awards were introduced in 2016, around the films released in 2015. The 1st IIFA Utsavam was held on 24 and 25 January 2016 at the Gachibowli Athletic Stadium, Hyderabad, India.