hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forrester single (locomotive)
Swiftsure was the first of eight or more similar locomotives with a single pair of driving wheels built by George Forrester and Company (Forresters) from 1834.  The tank variant was the first passenger tank engine to enter service in the world.

They have been claimed to be the first locomotives to use outside horizontal cylinders and also the first to use 4 eccentric cranks.  The use of outside cylinders on a short wheelbases with no wheel balances resulted in an oscillating movement at speed, resulting in a nickname of "Boxers" and most being rebuilt from 2-2-0 to incorporate trailing axle becoming configured as 2-2-2.

Locomotives were supplied to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR), Dublin and Kingstown (D&KR), London and Greenwich (L&GR), Birmingham and Gloucester (B&GR), and a few other minor railways.

London and Greenwich Railway
The London and Greenwich Railway (L&GR) was opened in London between 1836 and 1838. It was the first steam railway in the capital, the first to be built specifically for passengers, and the first entirely elevated railway.
Baron Bliss
Edward Ernest Victor Bliss, 4th Baron Bliss, commonly known as Baron Bliss (16 February 1869 – 9 March 1926), was a British-born traveller who willed nearly two million British Honduras dollars to a trust fund for the benefit of the citizens of what was then the colony of British Honduras, now Belize.

Belize dollar
The Belize dollar (also known as the Belizean dollar), known until 1973 as the British Honduras dollar, is the official currency in Belize (currency code BZD). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively BZ$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.

It is divided into 100 cents. The official value is pegged at BZ$2 = US$1.
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond
Field Marshal Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, KG, PC, FRS (22 February 1735 – 29 December 1806), styled Earl of March until 1750, was British politician and military officer. Associated with the Rockingham Whigs, Richmond briefly served as Secretary of State for the Southern Department for a three-month period in 1766. His support for the Patriots during the American War of Independence along with concession in Ireland and parliamentary reform in Britain led Richmond to be nicknamed "the Radical Duke". He is believed by many to be the source of the second parchment copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, known as the Sussex Declaration. Richmond went on to be a reforming Master-General of the Ordnance first in the first Rockingham ministry and then in the first Pitt ministry.

Rockingham Whigs
The Rockingham Whigs (or Rockinghamites) in 18th-century British politics were a faction of the Whigs led by Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, from about 1762 until his death in 1782. The Rockingham Whigs briefly held power from 1765 to 1766 and again in 1782, and otherwise were usually in opposition to the various ministries of the period.
Rachitic rosary
The rachitic rosary or beading of the ribs are the prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients. The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage, hence the name by analogy with the beads of a Catholic Christian rosary.

Costochondral joint
The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage.  They are hyaline cartilaginous joints (i.e. synchondrosis or primary cartilagenous joint).  Each rib has a depression shaped like a cup that the costal cartilage articulates with.  There is normally no movement at these joints.  Joints between costal cartilages of the sixth and ninth rib are plane synovial joints.  Articulation between costal cartilage of the ninth rib and tenth rib is fibrous.

The lateral end of each costal cartilage is received into a depression in the sternal end of the rib, and the two are held together by the periosteum.
Jambudvīpa
Jambudvīpa (Pali: Jambudīpa) is a term for the Indian Subcontinent, often used in ancient Indian sources.

The term comes from ancient Indian cosmogony and is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning 'island' or 'continent'. The term Jambudvīpa was used by Ashoka to describe his realm in the 3rd century BC. The same term is also found in subsequent texts, for instance the Kannada inscriptions from the 10th century CE, to refer to the region, presumably ancient India.

The word Jambudvīpa literally means 'the land of jambu trees', with jambu being the Sanskrit term for the Syzygium cumini tree.

Kannada inscriptions
About 35,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and nearby states belong to historic Kannada rulers, including the Kadambas, the Western Ganga Dynasty, the Rashtrakuta, the Chalukya, the Hoysala and the Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to Jainism have been unearthed. The inscriptions found are generally on stone (Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana). These Kannada inscriptions (Old Kannada, Kadamba script) are found on historical hero stones, coins, temple walls, pillars, tablets and rock edicts. They have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to classify the eras of Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada and New Kannada. Inscriptions depict the culture, tradition and prosperity of their era. The literature of Ramayana and Mahabharata are transferred through the generations by these inscriptions. The Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best examples of temples associated with Kannada inscriptions.
Dhananjaya (actor)
Kalenahalli Adaviswamy Dhananjaya, also known as Daali, is an Indian actor and producer who predominantly works in Kannada and Telugu films. Dhananjaya made his acting debut in Director's Special (2013) for which he won the best debut actor award at the SIIMA Awards.He has won three Filmfare Awards South and four South Indian International Movie Awards for his performances in various films
 He was critically acclaimed for playing the role of Allama Prabhu in Allama (2017). He turned producer through the film Badava Rascal.

Dhananjaya got the major breakthrough in the 2018 film Tagaru directed by Duniya Soori for his performance as a menacing villain. He is now popularly addressed as "Daali", the character name in the film.

Duniya Suri
Duniya Suri, credited onscreen as Suri and also referred to as Sukka Suri, is an Indian movie director. He became known as Duniya Suri in the wake of the success of his debut movie Duniya, for which he won the 2006–2007 Karnataka State Film Awards in the Best Screenplay category. Suri came to fame after the Duniya release, for its realistic style. The work brought a different dimension  to Kannada cinema.

His second film Inthi Ninna Preethiya though critically acclaimed, performed poorly at the box office, while his next project Junglee was a greater critical and commercial success. Recent projects include the film Jackie with Puneeth Rajkumar which was declared the blockbuster of 2010 and was adjudged the Best Film of 2010 at the South Filmfare Awards. After the success of Jackie in 2010,  Suri teamed up with Puneeth Rajkumar again in Anna Bond which released on 1 May 2012 and broke all previous Sandalwood opening records.
Lomnice nad Popelkou
Lomnice nad Popelkou (German: Lomnitz an der Popelka) is a town in Semily District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,600 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. The locality of Karlov is protected as a village monument reservation.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.
Bagme Bloma
"Bagmē Blōma" (Gothic language: "Flower of the Trees") by J. R. R. Tolkien is a poem in the 1936 Songs for the Philologists, and the only one in that collection in the Gothic language. It was to be sung to the tune of "O Lazy Sheep!" by Mantle Childe. Scholars have found the poem beautiful, and have debated its interpretation. Tom Shippey proposed that the Birch tree, praised in the poem, symbolises the 'B' scheme of English teaching, namely Tolkien's own subject, philology. Verlyn Flieger doubted the connection, writing that the Birch played a significant emotional role in Smith of Wootton Major, as in the poem, and that this was only diminished by seeking a further interpretation.

Verlyn Flieger
Verlyn Flieger (born 1933) is an author, editor, and Professor Emerita in the Department of English at the University of Maryland at College Park, where she taught courses in comparative mythology, medieval literature, and the works of J. R. R. Tolkien. She is well known as a Tolkien scholar, especially for her books Splintered Light, A Question of Time, and Interrupted Music. She has won the Mythopoeic Scholarship Award four times for her work on Tolkien's Middle-earth writings.
SK Super Nova
SK Super Nova is a Latvian professional football club based in Riga. It was founded in 2000, and it has been involved in various levels of the Latvian football league system, including the top-tier Latvian Higher League and lower divisions. The team was based in Salaspils from 2022 till the end of 2023 season and returned to Riga in 2024.

Latvian Higher League
Latvian Higher League or Virslīga, also known as TonyBet Virslīga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Latvia and the highest level of the Latvian football league system. Organised by the Latvian Football Federation, the league is contested by ten clubs.
The Spirit of Christmas 2005
The Spirit of Christmas 2005 is the 12th compilation album of Christmas-associated tracks in the annual Spirit of Christmas series. It was released in Australia on 17 November 2005 with proceeds going to The Salvation Army's Red Shield Appeal, which supports at-risk children and youth throughout the country. The compilation has contributions from various Australian artists and was produced by Lindsay Field (also compiler) and Glenn Wheatley. It was issued on CD by Sony BMG and distributed at Myer Stores.

Myer
Myer (stylised MYER) is an Australian mid-range to upscale department store. It trades in all Australian states and one of Australia's two self-governing territories. Myer retails a broad range of products across women's, men's, and children's clothing, as well as footwear and accessories, cosmetics and fragrance, homewares, electrical, connected home, furniture, toys, books and stationery, food and confectionery, and travel goods.

Myer's primary department store rival is David Jones. The Myer Group also comprises the fashion brands Sass & Bide, Marcs, David Lawrence, Just Jeans, Jay Jays, Jacqui E, Portmans and Dotti.

Australian model, and Miss Universe 2004, Jennifer Hawkins was the long-serving 'face of Myer' for 12 years, until her departure from the role in 2018.
Cambrian Series 2
Cambrian Series 2 or Mid-Early Cambrian is the unnamed 2nd series of the Cambrian. It lies above the Terreneuvian series and below the Miaolingian. Series 2 has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, lacking a precise lower boundary and subdivision into stages. The proposed lower boundary is the first appearance of trilobites which is estimated to be around 521 million years ago.

International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), sometimes unofficially referred to as the International Stratigraphic Commission, is a daughter or major subcommittee grade scientific organization that concerns itself with stratigraphical, geological, and geochronological matters, worldwide.

It is the largest subordinate body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The ICS is essentially a permanent working subcommittee, which meets far more regularly than the quadrennial meetings scheduled by the IUGS, when it meets as a congress or membership of the whole.
Acadie–Bathurst Titan
The Acadie–Bathurst Titan were a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) based in Bathurst, New Brunswick. They were members of the Maritimes Division, and played their home games at the K. C. Irving Regional Centre. The Titan won the 2018 Memorial Cup and had two President's Cup championships in franchise history: 1999 and 2018.

The Titan were sold in December 2024 and relocated to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador for the 2025–26 season, where they play as the Newfoundland Regiment.

Gilles-Courteau Trophy
The Gilles-Courteau Trophy is awarded annually by the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League to the league's playoffs champion. On February 21, 2023, the President's Cup was renamed in honour of Gilles Courteau who announced his retirement as commissioner on December 16, 2022.
Shangri-La Kuala Lumpur
Shangri-La Kuala Lumpur (Chinese: 吉隆坡香格里拉大酒店) is a hotel located in Jalan Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is managed by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts. The hotel has 662 rooms and suites.

Construction was completed on 19 September 1984 with the opening held on 20 April 1985.

It was voted the best hotel in Kuala Lumpur by public vote at the Kuala Lumpur Mayor's Tourism Awards 2014.

Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts
Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts (Chinese: 香格里拉酒店) is a multinational hospitality company, founded in 1971 by tycoon Robert Kuok and bearing the name of Shangri-La, a Far Eastern mythical land of contentment depicted in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon. It is a subsidiary of Kerry Properties, the company has over 100 luxury hotels and resorts with over 40,000 rooms in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North America and Oceania.

Shangri-La has 4 brands across different market segments: Shangri-La, Traders Hotels, Kerry Hotels, and Hotel Jen. The company's head office is in Kerry Centre (嘉里中心), Quarry Bay, Hong Kong. The current chairman is Kuok Hui-kwong.
Charlotte Egerton, Countess of Bridgewater
Charlotte Catherine Anne, Countess of Bridgewater (20 November 1763 – 11 February 1849), née Charlotte Haynes, was a British noblewoman. She was known for her philanthropic and charitable acts, and supported numerous educational and religious causes. She was responsible for the laying out of the ornamental gardens around her family home at Ashridge in Hertfordshire.

Charlotte married John Egerton, 7th Earl of Bridgewater of the Egerton family in 1783 and from 1803 assumed the title Countess of Bridgewater through her marriage. After the death of her husband, she lived for a further 26 years as a dowager.

Egerton family
The Egerton family (pronunciation: "edge-er-ton") is a British aristocratic family. Over time, several members of the Egerton family were made Dukes, Earls, knights, baronets and peers. Hereditary titles held by the Egerton family include the dukedoms of Bridgewater (1720–1803) and Sutherland (since 1963), as well as the earldoms of Bridgewater (1617–1829), Wilton (1801–1999) and Egerton (1897–1909). Several other members of the family have also risen to prominence. The Egerton family motto is Virtuti non armis fido ("I put my faith in valour not arms").
31st Jaturamitr Samakkee
The 31st Jaturamitr Samakkee was the 31st Jaturamitr Samakkee with Bangkok Christian College,Suankularb Wittayalai School, Debsirin School, and Assumption College (Host) participating. It was held between November 15 and November 22, 2025, at Suphachalasai Stadium.

Jaturamitr Samakkee
The Jaturamitr Samakkee (Thai: จตุรมิตรสามัคคี, RTGS: Chaturamit Samakkhi, pronounced [tɕàtùʔrámít sǎːmákkʰīː]) is a traditional secondary school football competition played by the four oldest boys' schools in Thailand: Suankularb Wittayalai School, Debsirin School, Assumption College, and Bangkok Christian College. It is held biennially, usually in November, at Suphachalasai Stadium in Bangkok, with the schools rotating as hosts.
Gus Gilmore
Major General Peter Warwick "Gus" Gilmore, AO, DSC (born 31 January 1962) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, he was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps in 1983 and spent much of his career in special forces. He commanded the Special Air Service Regiment (2001–02), led the first contingent of the Australian Special Operations Task Group in Afghanistan (2001–02), was responsible for the Coalition Advisory Support Team in Iraq (2005–06), and commanded International Security Assistance Force Special Operations Forces (2009–10). Following promotion to major general he held a succession of senior appointments, including Special Operations Commander Australia (2011–13), Deputy Chief of Army (2013–15), and Commander Forces Command (2015–16). His final appointment was as Head Military Strategic Commitments Division from 2016 to 2019.

Deputy Chief of Army
The Deputy Chief of Army (DCA) is the second most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to the Chief of Army (CA). The rank associated with the position is major general (2-star).

The current appointee is Major General Chris Smith, who took up the posting on 31 January 2024.
Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن معاذ الجياني; 989, Cordova, Al-Andalus – 1079, Jaén, Al-Andalus) was an Arab mathematician, Islamic scholar, and Qadi from Al-Andalus (in present-day Spain). Al-Jayyānī wrote important commentaries on Euclid's Elements and he wrote the first known treatise on spherical trigonometry.

Spherical trigonometry
Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles. Spherical trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy, and navigation.

The origins of spherical trigonometry in Greek mathematics and the major developments in Islamic mathematics are discussed fully in History of trigonometry and Mathematics in medieval Islam. The subject came to fruition in Early Modern times with important developments by John Napier, Delambre and others, and attained an essentially complete form by the end of the nineteenth century with the publication of Isaac Todhunter's textbook Spherical trigonometry for the use of colleges and Schools.
Since then, significant developments have been the application of vector methods, quaternion methods, and the use of numerical methods.
Yolanda Cuomo
Yolanda Cuomo (born June 7, 1957) is an American artist, educator, and art director known for her collaborations and intuitive design work with visual and performing artists, including Richard Avedon, the estate of Diane Arbus, Paul Simon, Laurie Anderson, Twyla Tharp, Laurie Simmons, Donna Ferrato, Larry Fink, Philip-Lorca diCorcia, Sylvia Plachy, Gilles Peress, John Cohen, Paolo Pellegrin, Peter van Agtmael, Andrew Moore, and the estate of Al Taylor. Since the mid-1980s Cuomo has often collaborated on books and exhibitions with the Magnum Photos agency and Aperture.

Cuomo is the recipient of numerous awards, including the International Center of Photography’s Infinity Award in 1991, 1995, and 2004, and the National Magazine Award, in 2004, from the American Society of Magazine Editors (ASME) for her art direction of Aperture.

International Center of Photography
The International Center of Photography (ICP) is a photography museum and school at 84 Ludlow Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. ICP's photographic collection, reading room, and archives are at Mana Contemporary in Jersey City, New Jersey. The organization was founded by Cornell Capa in 1974. It is located at 84 Ludlow Street, within the Lower East Side.

ICP is the host of the Infinity Awards, inaugurated in 1985 "to bring public attention to outstanding achievements in photography by honoring individuals with distinguished careers in the field and by identifying future luminaries."
Christina Robertson
Christina Robertson RSA (née Saunders; 17 December 1796 – 30 April 1854) was a Scottish painter generally remembered for her portraits of Russian imperial family, representative of Academical tradition. She was the first woman honorary member of the Royal Scottish Academy.

Royal Scottish Academy
The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is the country's national academy of art. It promotes contemporary Scottish art.

The Academy was founded in 1826 by eleven artists meeting in Edinburgh. Originally named the Scottish Academy, it became the Royal Scottish Academy on being granted a royal charter in 1838.

The RSA maintains a unique position in the country as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects to promote and support the creation, understanding, and enjoyment of visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Senate (French Third Republic)
The Senate under the Third Republic was one of two legislative bodies, alongside the Chamber of Deputies, established by the Constitutional Laws of 1875 on 24 and 25 February 1875. It operated as the upper house in a strict bicameral system, where both chambers held equal legislative powers. Laws required identical approval from both chambers, with the Chamber of Deputies taking precedence only in initiating financial legislation. However, the President of the Republic needed the Senate's consent to dissolve the lower house.

Politically, the Senate's creation was a compromise between monarchists (divided between Orléanists and Legitimists) and republicans in the National Assembly. Republicans agreed to a conservative upper house in exchange for monarchist support for the Republic.

French constitutional laws of 1875
The Constitutional Laws of 1875 were the laws passed in France by the National Assembly between February and July 1875 which established the French Third Republic.

The constitution laws could be roughly divided into three laws:

The Act of 24 February 1875 – The organization of the Senate

The Act of 25 February 1875 – The organization of government

The Act of 16 July 1875 – The relationship between governments

At that time France was not defined or organized by a genuine constitution. The situation continued during the Vichy Period, where the French Constitutional Law of 1940, along with Philippe Pétain's "Act No. 2", heavily circumscribed the 1875 laws. The laws were legally revoked only during the promulgation of the French Constitution of 1946.