hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chang Ping
Chang Ping (simplified Chinese: 长平; traditional Chinese: 長平, born 22 June 1968), born Zhang Ping, is a Chinese writer, and currently curator of the June 4th Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Hong Kong. He is human rights activist and advocate; he was awarded at the Hong Kong Human Rights Press Awards in 2014, and received an international press freedom award from the Canadian Journalists for Free Expression (CJFE) in 2016.

Chang Ping has written on topics including democracy, media censorship, government policy, and Tibet. His writings have appeared in publications including Southern Weekend, South China Morning Post, Apple Daily, Deutsche Welle, Süddeutsche Zeitung, and The New York Times.

Southern Weekly
Southern Weekly  (Chinese: 南方周末; lit. 'Southern Weekend') is a Chinese weekly newspaper based in Guangzhou, and is a sister publication of the newspaper Nanfang Daily. From the 1990s to the early 2010s, the newspaper was renowned for its investigative journalism, liberal stance, and influence among intellectual readers. The New York Times described the Southern Weekly as "China's most influential liberal newspaper" in 2008. After the 2013 Southern Weekly incident, the newspaper and the market-oriented media it represented began to decline in China.
Fabián Balbuena
Fabián Cornelio Balbuena González (born 23 August 1991) is a Paraguayan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Grêmio and the Paraguay national team.

He played for Cerro Porteño PF, Rubio Ñu, Nacional and Libertad in the Paraguayan Primera División, before joining Corinthians of Brazil in 2016. He played 120 games for Corinthians, winning the Campeonato Paulista twice and the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A once, and was named in the latter's 2017 team of the year. After three years with West Ham United in the Premier League, he signed for Dynamo Moscow.

Balbuena made his senior international debut for Paraguay in 2015. He played for his national team at four Copa América tournaments, coming fourth in 2015.

APF División de Honor
The División de Honor or División Profesional de la Asociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (locally [diβiˈsjom pɾofesjoˈnal de la asosjaˈsjom paɾaˈɣwaʝa ðe ˈfuðβol]; "Professional Division of the Paraguayan Football Association"), or due to sponsorship reasons Copa de Primera Tigo – ueno bank, is the top-flight professional football league in Paraguay. Currently, there are 12 teams in the first division.

The most successful club is Olimpia, with 47 championships. Cerro Porteño are the most recent champions, having won the 2025 Clausura tournament. As of 2022, IFFHS ranked the league as the 10th strongest in the world and 3rd in South America.
Washington State Route 10
State Route 10 (SR 10) is a 16.16-mile-long (26.01 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway is a remnant of U.S. Route 10 (US 10) in Kittitas County, traveling southeast along the Yakima River from SR 970 in Teanaway to US 97 northwest of Ellensburg. SR 10 was established in 1970 as the successor to US 10 after the completion of I-90 across the Snoqualmie Pass in 1968. The highway was previously part of State Road 3 from 1923 to 1937 and Primary State Highway 3 (PSH 3) until the 1964 highway renumbering.

Snoqualmie Pass
Snoqualmie Pass is a mountain pass that carries Interstate 90 (I-90) through the Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Washington. The pass summit is at an elevation of 3,015 feet (919 m), on the county line between Kittitas County and King County.

Snoqualmie Pass has the lowest elevation of the three east–west mountain routes across Washington State that are kept open year-round, along with Stevens Pass (US 2) to the north, and White Pass (US 12) to the south. I-90 is the primary commercial artery between Seattle and points east, carrying an average of 29,000 vehicles through the pass per day. I-90 is the only divided highway crossing east–west through the state.

The pass lends its name to a census-designated place (CDP) located at the summit (Snoqualmie Pass, Washington). Both the CDP and Snoqualmie Pass are named after the Snoqualmie people of the valley to the west.
Mitja Petkovšek
Mitja Petkovšek (born 6 February 1977) is a Slovenian former artistic gymnast. He was a specialist on the parallel bars and won two World titles on that apparatus (2005, 2007). He is also a four-time European parallel bars champion (2000, 2006–2008). He won a total of 12 World and European medals. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics.

2005 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 38th World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held at the Rod Laver Arena in Melbourne, Australia from 21 to 27 November 2005. Only the individual all-around and event finals were contested at this meet. There was no team competition; nations were permitted to bring up to six Men's Artistic Gymnastics (MAG) and up to four Women's Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) athletes to compete.
Margaret Charles Smith
Margaret Charles Smith (September 12, 1906–November 12, 2004) was an African-American midwife, who became known for her extraordinary skill over a long career, spanning over thirty years. Despite working primarily in rural areas with women who were often in poor health, she lost very few of the more than 3000 babies she delivered, and none of the mothers in childbirth. In 1949, she became one of the first official midwives in Green County, Alabama, and she was still practicing in 1976, when the state passed a law outlawing traditional midwifery. In the 1990s, she cowrote a book about her career, Listen to Me Good: The Life Story of an Alabama Midwife, and in 2010 she was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame.

Greene County, Alabama
Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 81% African American, making it the fourth-most heavily black county by proportion in the United States, and the most black county among all counties located outside of the state of Mississippi. It is documented as one of the unhealthiest counties in the United States, with a population with an obesity percentage of 46.3 percent, the highest of any county in the state, and second to only Claiborne County in the western portion of neighboring Mississippi. The life expectancy there is 74.9 years, over 2 years lower than the national average.
20 Massalia
20 Massalia is a stony asteroid and the parent body of the Massalia family located in the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 145 kilometers (90 miles) in diameter. Discovered by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis on 19 September 1852, it was named for the Latin name of the French city of Marseille, from which the independent discover Jean Chacornac sighted it the following night. It was the first asteroid that was not assigned an iconic symbol by its discoverer.

It came to opposition 179 degrees from the Sun on 16 June 2023, and came to aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun) on 17 September 2023.

Annibale de Gasparis
Annibale de Gasparis (Italian pronunciation: [anˈniːbale de ˈɡasparis]; 9 November 1819 – 21 March 1892) was an Italian astronomer, known for discovering asteroids and his contributions to theoretical astronomy.
György Elekes
György Elekes (19 May 1949 – 29 September 2008) was a Hungarian mathematician and computer scientist who specialized in Combinatorial geometry and Combinatorial set theory. He may be best known for his work in the field that would eventually be called Additive Combinatorics. Particularly notable was his "ingenious" application of the Szemerédi–Trotter theorem to improve the best known lower bound for the sum-product problem. He also proved that any polynomial-time algorithm approximating the volume of convex bodies must have a multiplicative error, and the error grows exponentially on the dimension. With Micha Sharir he set up a framework which eventually led Guth and Katz to the solution of the Erdős distinct distances problem. (See below.)

Discrete geometry
Discrete geometry and combinatorial geometry are branches of geometry that study combinatorial properties and constructive methods of discrete geometric objects.  Most questions in discrete geometry involve finite or discrete sets of basic geometric objects, such as points, lines, planes, circles, spheres, polygons, and so forth.  The subject focuses on the combinatorial properties of these objects, such as how they intersect one another, or how they may be arranged to cover a larger object.

Discrete geometry has a large overlap with convex geometry and computational geometry, and is closely related to subjects such as finite geometry, combinatorial optimization, digital geometry, discrete differential geometry, geometric graph theory, toric geometry, and combinatorial topology.
HD 40307 c
HD 40307 c is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 40307, located 42 light-years away in the direction of the southern constellation of Pictor. The planet was discovered by the radial velocity method, using the HARPS apparatus, in June 2008. Of the six proposed planets in the HD 40307 star system, it is the third-largest, and has the second-closest orbit from the star. The planet is of interest as this star has relatively low metallicity, supporting a hypothesis that different metallicities in protostars determine what kind of planets they will form.

High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher
The High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) is a high-precision echelle planet-finding spectrograph installed in 2002 on the ESO's 3.6m telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile. The first light was achieved in February 2003. HARPS has discovered over 130 exoplanets to date, with the first one in 2004, making it the most successful planet finder behind the Kepler space telescope. It is a second-generation radial-velocity spectrograph, based on experience with the ELODIE and CORALIE instruments.
Michael Arne
Michael Arne (c. 1740 – 14 January 1786) was an English composer, harpsichordist, organist, singer, and actor. He was the son of the composer Thomas Arne and the soprano Cecilia Young, a member of the famous Young family of musicians of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Like his father, Arne worked primarily as a composer of stage music and vocal art song, contributing little to other genres of music. He wrote several songs for London's pleasure gardens, the most famous of which is Lass with the Delicate Air (1762). A moderately prolific composer, Arne wrote nine operas and collaborated on at least 15 others. His most successful opera, Cymon (1767), enjoyed several revivals during his lifetime and into the early nineteenth century.

Organist
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ. An organist may play solo organ works, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers or instrumental soloists. In addition, an organist may accompany congregational hymn-singing and play liturgical music.
Harald Turner
Harald Turner (8 October 1891 – 9 March 1947) was a German lawyer, civil servant and Nazi Party politician. He was also an SS-Gruppenführer  in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia during the Second World War. From 1941 to 1942, as head of the German Military Administration's staff in Belgrade, Turner played a leading role in the murder of Jews and Roma. In addition, in 1944, as deputy head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office, he was instrumental in executing Germanization policy, particularly in the General Government and the Soviet Union. He was executed in Belgrade for his war crimes.

Gruppenführer
Gruppenführer ([ˈɡʁʊpm̩fyːʁɐ], lit. 'Group leader') was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA. Since then, the term Gruppenführer is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire departments, military and several other organizations.
Akatziri
The Akatziri, Akatzirs or Acatiri (Ancient Greek: Άκατίροι, Άκατζίροι, Akatiroi, Akatziroi; Latin: Acatziri) were a tribe that lived north of the Black Sea, though the Crimean city of Cherson seems to have been under their control in the sixth century. Jordanes (fl. 551) called them a mighty people, not agriculturalists but cattle-breeders and hunters. Their ethnicity is undetermined: the 5th-century historian Priscus describes them as ethnic (ethnos) Scythians, but they are also referred to as Huns (Akatiri Hunni). Their name has also been connected to the Agathyrsi. However, according to E. A. Thompson, any conjectured connection between the Agathyrsi and the Akatziri should be rejected outright.

E. A. Thompson
Edward Arthur Thompson FBA (22 May 1914 – 1 January 1994) was an Irish-born British Marxist historian of classics and medieval studies. He was professor and director of the classics department at the University of Nottingham from 1948 to 1979, and a fellow of the British Academy. Thompson was a pioneer in the study of late antiquity, and was for decades the most prominent British scholar in this field. He was particularly interested in the relations between Ancient Rome and "barbarian" peoples such as the Huns and Visigoths, and has been credited with revitalizing English-language scholarship on the history of early Germanic peoples. Thompson's works on these subjects have been highly influential.
Fort Henry (Pennsylvania)
Fort Henry was a stockade fort built in early 1756 in Berks County, Pennsylvania, to protect local settlers from Native American war parties, which were raiding the area frequently during the French and Indian War. It was one of the larger forts built in a defensive line, 12-20 miles apart, intended to safeguard the more densely populated communities of the eastern Province of Pennsylvania. It was abandoned in 1759, and then briefly put back into use in 1763 during Pontiac's War.: 70–99

Fort Swatara
Fort Swatara (various spellings, sometimes referred to as Smith's Fort) was a stockaded blockhouse built during the French and Indian War in what is now Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Initially a farmstead surrounded by a stockade, provincial troops occupied it in January 1756. The fort safeguarded local farms, but a number of settlers were killed by small Native American war parties. The fort was abandoned in May 1758.: 340
Thomas N'Kono
Thomas "Tommy" N'Kono (born 20 July 1956) is a Cameroonian former professional footballer. One of the greatest goalkeepers from the continent of Africa, he was mainly associated with Espanyol, whom he represented for almost a decade playing more than 300 official matches.

N'Kono appeared for the Cameroon national team in three World Cups, and four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments.

RCD Espanyol
Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona (Catalan: [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə]; "Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona"), commonly known as RCD Espanyol, is a Spanish professional sports club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

Founded in 1900 in Barcelona, Espanyol currently play their home games just outside the city at the RCDE Stadium, which holds up to 40,000 spectators. Domestically, Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times, most recently in 2006. In international competitions, the club reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007. It has a long-standing local rivalry with FC Barcelona.
Panta Rhei (film)
Panta Rhei is a Dutch short documentary film by Bert Haanstra, first shown in 1952. It portrays the motions of nature, edited rhythmically with alternating footage of water, clouds and vegetation, sometimes using time-lapse photography. It was Haanstra's fourth film as director and like many of his early films it does not feature any humans. The title is a Greek phrase (ta panta rhei) associated with the philosopher Heraclitus and the concept that everything is in a constant state of becoming something else. The film competed at the 1952 Cannes Film Festival. Critics have highlighted its rhythmicality and vision of nature.

Becoming (philosophy)
Becoming is a basic concept of dialectics that describes the processual nature of the world, the emergence and decay of essences, things and states. In contrast to change, becoming describes an event that develops from itself. Starting from this concept, philosophical thinking attempts to interpret processuality and changeability.

The word “becoming” is a substantive verb. The concept of becoming is a fundamental category of metaphysics. While the opposite term “being” in the absolute sense refers to a permanence, a stability in time, becoming refers to a progressive change of what sometimes is not and then is again, through a change in its attributes.
Jetboil
Jetboil is an American manufacturer of lightweight gas-fueled portable stoves used primarily for backpacking.

The company was formed in 2001 by Dwight Aspinwall and Perry Dowst in a former woolen mill in Guild, New Hampshire, debuting its products at the 2003 Outdoor Retailers trade show. In 2006 the company moved its headquarters to Manchester, New Hampshire and in 2012 was purchased by Racine, Wisconsin–based Johnson Outdoors.

Portable stove
A portable stove is a cooking stove specially designed to be portable and lightweight, used in camping, picnicking, backpacking, or other use in remote locations where an easily transportable means of cooking or heating is needed. Portable stoves can be used in diverse situations, such as for outdoor food service and catering and in field hospitals.

Since the invention of the portable stove in the 19th century, a wide variety of designs and models have seen use in a number of different applications. Portable stoves can be broken down into several broad categories based on the type of fuel used and stove design: unpressurized stoves that use solid or liquid fuel placed in the burner before ignition; stoves that use a volatile liquid fuel in a pressurized burner; bottled gas stoves; and gravity-fed "spirit" stoves.
Pasta al forno
Pasta al forno (lit. 'pasta to the oven', i.e. 'baked pasta'), also known as timballo di pasta, is a typical dish of Italian cuisine, made of (usually short) pasta covered with béchamel sauce, tomato sauce, and cheese, and cooked in the oven.

Timballo
Timballo is an Italian dish consisting of pasta, rice or potatoes, with one or more other ingredients (cheese, meat, fish, vegetables or fruit) included. Variations include the mushroom and shrimp sauce timballo Alberoni, named after Giulio Alberoni, and the veal and tomato sauce timballo pattadese.
Sarah Clark (bishop)
Sarah Elizabeth Clark (born 21 April 1965) is a British Anglican bishop. Since 2019, she has served as Bishop of Jarrow, the suffragan bishop of the Diocese of Durham in the Church of England. She was Archdeacon of Nottingham from 2014 to 2019. In January 2026, it was announced she has been appointed the next Bishop of Ely.

Bishop of Jarrow
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Jarrow is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Durham, in the Province of York, England. The title takes its name after the former Anglo Saxon monastery in the town of Jarrow in Tyne and Wear.
Lakshman Algama
Major General  Chulasoka Lakshman "Lucky" Algama, VSV, USP, ndc, psc (2 June 1940 – 18 December 1999) was a Sri Lankan army general. He was a former Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army and a United National Party activist after retirement.

National Defence College (India)
The National Defence College, located in New Delhi, is a staff college and the highest seat of strategic learning for Defence Service and Civil Service officers. This is a very prestigious course attended only by a few hand-picked defence officers of One-Star rank and civil servants of the rank of Joint secretary to the Government of India. Each year, approximately 25 officers from friendly foreign countries like the US, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal, UAE and others attend the course.

This college provides strategic leadership to the Government of India in national and international security matters and also acts as a think tank on defence matters and holds a very important position in shaping up the Indian defence outlook.
Alberto Entrerríos
Alberto Entrerrios Rodríguez (born 7 November 1976) is a Spanish former professional handball player.

He is 192 cm tall and weighs 102 kg. He spent 10 seasons (2002–2012) playing for BM Ciudad Real and 1 season (2011–2012) for BM Atlético de Madrid.He has won the Champions League title with BM Ciudad Real, together with two World Championships (Tunisia 2005 and Spain 2013) with the Spanish national team. He accounts for 225 international matches with Spain, which makes him a seasoned international handball player.

His brother Raúl Entrerríos is also a Spanish international handball player.

2013 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2013 World Men's Handball Championship was the 23rd World Men's Handball Championship, an international handball tournament that took place in Spain from 11 to 27 January 2013.  This was the first time Spain hosted the World Men's Handball Championship, becoming the twelfth country to host the competition.

Spain won the title, beating Denmark in the final 35–19. It was Denmark's second final in a row.
Rebecca Kleefisch
Rebecca Ann Kleefisch (née Reed; born August 7, 1975) is an American politician and former television reporter who served as the 44th Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, she was elected to the position on November 2, 2010, as the running mate of Governor Scott Walker; the pair narrowly lost reelection to a third term in 2018.

Kleefisch was a candidate in the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election, but lost the Republican nomination to businessman Tim Michels in the August 9 primary.

Governor of Wisconsin
The governor of Wisconsin is the head of government of Wisconsin and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Wisconsin Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.

The 46th and current governor is Tony Evers, a Democrat in his second term. He took office on January 7, 2019. He will not seek re-election in the 2026 election.

The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7, 1848, the year Wisconsin became a state. Prior to statehood, there were four governors of Wisconsin Territory.
2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
The 2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament was the sixth edition of the AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament, the quadrennial international football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) to determine which women's national teams from Asia qualify for the Olympic football tournament.

The top two teams of the tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics women's football tournament in France as AFC representatives.

Football at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament
The women's football tournament at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 25 July to 10 August 2024. It was the eighth edition of the women's Olympic football tournament. Together with the men's competition, the 2024 Summer Olympics football tournament was held at seven stadiums in seven cities in France.

The United States won a record-extending fifth gold medal, and their first since 2012, defeating Brazil 1–0 in the final, held at Parc des Princes in Paris.