hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joe Wirkkunen
Viljo "Joe" Wirkkunen (June 27, 1928 – July 13, 1986) was a Finnish-Canadian ice hockey coach. Growing up in family of immigrants from Finland to Port Arthur, Ontario, he overcame polio as a child to become an instructor for the Finnish Ice Hockey Association and head coach of the Finland men's national ice hockey team. He led the national team at four Ice Hockey World Championships and two Winter Olympic Games, established a training camp at Vierumäki, and wrote three instructional books for coaches and players. Returning to Canada, he served as the first coach of the Thunder Bay Twins, and contributed to local minor ice hockey. He was among the inaugural class of inductees into the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985, and was posthumously inducted into the Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2008.

Vierumäki
Vierumäki is a village located in the Finnish municipality Heinola in Päijät-Häme, Finland. There are about 900–1,000 inhabitants. Neighbouring villages are Vuolenkoski in Iitti, Myllyoja in Heinola, Mäkelä in Nastola and Urajärvi in Asikkala.

Vierumäki is known for hosting international ice hall sports events.
Left-wing nationalism
Left-wing nationalism or leftist nationalism (in certain contexts also called popular nationalism by those who do not adhere to the left-right plane, or in contrast to conservative nationalism) is a form of nationalism  which is based upon national self-determination, popular sovereignty, and left-wing political positions such as social equality. Left-wing nationalism can also include anti-imperialism and national liberation movements. Left-wing nationalism often stands in contrast to right-wing politics and right-wing nationalism.

Popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Popular sovereignty, being a principle, does not imply any particular political implementation. Benjamin Franklin expressed the concept when he wrote that "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns".
André Gorz
Gérard Horst (French: [ʒeʁaʁ ɔʁst]; né Gerhart Hirsch, Austrian German: [ˈɡeːɐ̯hart hɪrʃ]; 9 February 1923 – 22 September 2007), more commonly known by his pen names André Gorz (French: [ɑ̃dʁe ɡɔʁts]) and Michel Bosquet (French: [miʃɛl bɔskɛ]), was an Austrian-French social philosopher and journalist and critic of work. He co-founded Le Nouvel Observateur weekly in 1964. A supporter of Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist version of Marxism after the World War II, he became in the aftermath of the May 68 student riots more concerned with political ecology.

In the 1960s and 1970s, he was a main theorist in the New Left movement and coined the concept of non-reformist reform. His central theme was wage labour issues such as liberation from work, the just distribution of work, social alienation, and a guaranteed basic income.

Wage labour
Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour power under a formal or informal employment contract. These transactions usually occur in a labour market where wages or salaries are market-determined. Wage labor is a service in standard economic theory.

In exchange for the money paid as wages (usual for short-term work-contracts) or salaries (in permanent employment contracts), the work product generally becomes the undifferentiated property of the employer. A wage labourer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of their labour in this way.
Gold mining in Western Australia
Gold mining in Western Australia is the third largest commodity sector in Western Australia (WA), behind iron ore and LNG, with a value of A$17 billion in 2021–22. The 6.9 million troy ounces (214 tonnes) sold during this time period was the highest amount in 20 years and accounted for almost 70 percent of all gold sold in Australia.

Gold mining in Western Australia dates back to the 1880s but became a significant industry in the 1890s, following gold discoveries at Coolgardie in 1892 and Kalgoorlie in 1893. It reached an early peak in 1903, experienced a revival in the 1930s and a further revival in the 1980s. Between, the industry declined a number of times, such as during the two world wars, experiencing an absolute low point in 1976.

Kalgoorlie
Kalgoorlie (/ˈkælˌɡʊːɹli/ kal-GOOR-LEE), also known as Kalgoorlie–Boulder, is a city in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia, located 595 km (370 mi) east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. It is referred to as Kalgoorlie–Boulder as the surrounding urban area includes the historic townsite of Boulder and the local government area is the City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder.

Kalgoorlie–Boulder lies on the traditional lands of the Wongatha People. The city was established in 1893 during the Western Australian gold rushes. It soon replaced Coolgardie as the largest settlement on the Eastern Goldfields. Kalgoorlie is the ultimate destination of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme and the Golden Pipeline Heritage Trail. The nearby Super Pit gold mine was Australia's largest open-cut gold mine for many years.

During August 2021, Kalgoorlie–Boulder had an estimated urban population of 29,072, a slight decline from the recent peak of 32,966 in 2013.
Robert Atkins (politician)
Sir Robert James Atkins (born 5 February 1946) is a British Conservative politician.  He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Preston North from 1979 to 1983, and then for South Ribble from 1983 to 1997. He served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the North West England region from 1999 to 2014. He has served as a Councillor (Garstang Ward) on Wyre Borough Council since 2019.

North West England (European Parliament constituency)
North West England was a constituency of the European Parliament. From the 2009 elections it elected 8 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation, until the UK exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020.
Tamanna (2014 film)
Tamanna (Urdu: تمنا; transl. Desire) is 2014 British-Pakistani film distributed by Royal Palm Group t/a Summit Entertainment (Pak) and Super Cinema and ARY Films and produced by Concordia Productions. A drama in the neo-noir genre the film is directed by a British director Steven Moore and produced by Pakistani producer Sarah Tareen. The film stars Omair Rana, Salman Shahid, Mehreen Raheel and Faryal Gohar.

Prior to release the film won an award at the London Asian Film Festival for the first released song by Rahat Fateh Ali Khan. Other songs included in the film are sung by Ali Azmat and Amanat Ali. The original score for the film was written by Arthur Rathbone Pullen son of Booker Prize nominee and best selling English author Julian Rathbone.

Ali Azmat
Ali Azmat Butt (born 20 April 1966) is a Pakistani singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He is best known as the lead singer for the influential Sufi rock band Junoon and for his subsequent solo career later followed by a career as an actor as well.

In 2001, with Junoon, he became part of the first Pakistani band ever to perform at the United Nations General Assembly.
Extended finite element method
The extended finite element method (XFEM), is a numerical technique based on the generalized finite element method (GFEM) and the partition of unity method (PUM). It extends the classical finite element method (FEM) approach by enriching the solution space for solutions to differential equations with discontinuous functions.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Thou-Vou Bald Agent, Operation Havoc
Thou-Vou Bald Agent, Operation Havoc, also known as Thou-Vou falakros praktor, epiheirisis "Yis Mathiam" (Greek: Θου-Βου Φαλακρός πράκτωρ: Επιχείρησις Γης Μαδιάμ), is a 1969 Greek spy comedy film directed by Thanasis Vengos. Written by Giorgos Lazaridis, the film stars Thanasis Vengos, Zannino, and Antonis Papadopoulos. It was the sequel to Help Its Vengos Visible Agent '000' (1967).

The film was shot in black-and-white. The director of photography was Dinos Katsouridis.

Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium
The Antonis Papadopoulos Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο «Αντώνης Παπαδόπουλος») is a football stadium in Larnaca, Cyprus.  It has a current seating capacity of 10230 and has been the temporary home stadium of Anorthosis Famagusta since its completion in 1986.
Pleasure Garden (painting)
Pleasure Garden (1932) is a watercolour painting by Frances Hodgkins. When it was rejected as a gift to the Robert McDougall Art Gallery in Christchurch, New Zealand, a controversy started. Hodgkins, born in New Zealand, had permanently relocated to the United Kingdom in 1927. After she died in 1947, with many prominent British galleries holding her work, there was a desire to have some of her works held by the Robert McDougall Art Gallery. The Canterbury Society of Arts (CSA) organised for some paintings to come to New Zealand on loan, including Pleasure Garden. The CSA sent Hodgkins' works back, having decided against purchasing any. The artist Margaret Frankel organised a fundraising campaign to purchase Pleasure Garden and to gift it to Christchurch City Council as the owner of the Robert McDougall Art Gallery. It took a year-long campaign before the painting was accepted, with Auckland City Art Gallery meanwhile having offered to purchase the painting.

Christchurch City Council
The Christchurch City Council (CCC) is the local government authority for Christchurch  in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 419,200 people of Christchurch. The Mayor of Christchurch is Phil Mauger, who was elected in 2022 and 2025l. The council currently consists of 16  elected Councillors in sixteen wards, and is presided over by the mayor, who is elected at large. The number of elected members and ward boundaries changed prior to the 2016 election.
Matilde Bombardini
Matilde Bombardini is an Italian economist, who is a professor of Economics of International Trade at the Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver. She is a fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) in the Institutions, Organisations & Growth Program since June 2007 and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) for the Political Economy Program since April 2009.

She sits as an Advisory Committee Member for the Empirical Investigations in International Trade (EIIT) conference every year since November 2006. Apart from being revered as a Distinguished Scholar at the Sauder School of Business, she is also the Co-Editor of the Journal of International Economics since September 2017.

Journal of International Economics
The Journal of International Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics. The journal publishes articles on both theoretical and empirical aspects of international economics. Various topics covered include trade patterns, commercial policy, international institutions, exchange rates, open economy macroeconomics, international finance, and international factor mobility.

Beginning in February 2000 the journal initiated the Bhagwati Award, named in honor of Jagdish Bhagwati. The award is given biannually to the best article appearing in the journal in the preceding two years. The monetary value of the award is $1,000.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.373.
Inflation in Chile
Inflation in Chile has been a significant issue for the economy since the start of the 20th century. During the 2020s Chile again surfaced as an economic problem during the second presidency of Sebastián Piñera (March 2018–March 2022) and has remained such. Current inflation has been attributed to a series of private pension fund withdrawals allowed by the Congress of Chile in response to the economic hardships of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Besides this, food prices are held by the Food and Agriculture Organization to have increased as consequence of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Central Bank autonomy, inflation targeting and counter-cyclical fiscal rules are important elements in the Chilean state policy to keep inflation low.

Procyclical and countercyclical variables
Procyclical and countercyclical variables are variables that fluctuate in a way that is positively or negatively correlated with business cycle fluctuations in gross domestic product (GDP).  The scope of the concept may differ between the context of macroeconomic theory and that of economic policy–making.

The concept is often encountered in the context of a government's approach to spending and taxation. A 'procyclical fiscal policy' can be summarised simply as governments choosing to increase government spending and reduce taxes during an economic expansion, but reduce spending and increase taxes during a recession. A 'countercyclical' fiscal policy takes the opposite approach: reducing spending and raising taxes during a boom period, and increasing spending and cutting taxes during a recession.
17th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 17th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (17th AAA Bn) was an antiaircraft unit in the United States Marine Corps that served during World War II.  The battalion was originally formed in 1942 as the 2d Airdrome Battalion and has the distinction of being the last defense battalion formed in the Marine Corps during the war.  Its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases.  During the war the battalion spent significant time defending Nukufetau and took part in combat operations at Tarawa and Tinian.  The battalion was decommissioned on December 6, 1945.

Tarawa
Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has 6,629 inhabitants and much in common with other more remote islands of the Gilbert group, and South Tarawa, which has 56,388 inhabitants as of 2015, half of the country's total population. The atoll was the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.
Chungnam-class frigate
The Chungnam-class frigate is a class of frigates of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The Chungnam class is based on the preceding Daegu class. Which in turn is based on the Incheon class, and has otherwise been referred to as the Incheon-class batch III, FFX-III, or FFG-III.

Confusingly, the FFX Batch III is sometimes called the Ulsan-class. The Ulsan-class, were the predecessors to the FFX program, preceding the Incheon-class (FFX-I class). Ulsan is also the name of FFX Batch IV.

Daegu-class frigate
The Daegu-class frigate (Hangul: 대구급 호위함, Hanja: 大邱級護衛艦) is a class of guided missile frigates of the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN). The Daegu class is based on the preceding Incheon class, and has otherwise been referred to as the Incheon class batch II, FFG-II, or FFX-II. Eight Daegu-class ships have been commissioned, with the final goal of 20–22 frigates, of all types, in the ROKN. The Daegu-class frigates were built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) and Hyundai Heavy Industries.
John Marriott (British politician)
Sir John Arthur Ransome Marriott (17 August 1859 – 6 June 1945) was a British educationist, historian, and Conservative member of parliament (MP).

Marriott taught modern history at the University of Oxford from 1884 to 1920. He was an Honorary fellow, formerly fellow, lecturer and tutor in modern History, of Worcester College, Oxford. He was the Conservative MP for Oxford from 1917 to 1922, and for York from 1923 to 1929.  After defeat in 1929, he retired from active politics.

During the course of his lifetime, Marriott wrote more than forty books on British and European history, as well as current political subjects. He was knighted in 1924.

York (UK Parliament constituency)
York was a constituency represented in the Parliament of England from 1265 until 1707, in the Parliament of Great Britain until 1801, and in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 2010. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) until 1918, and one thereafter under the first-past-the-post system of election. From 1997 to 2010 it was known as City of York.
2019–20 Slovenian Women's League
The 2019–20 season of the Slovenian Women's League (Slovenian: Prva slovenska ženska nogometna liga) or simply 1. SŽNL was the 28th season of Slovenia's premier women's football league. It ran from 18 August 2019 to 7 March 2020, when play was suspended. In May 2020 the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. The executive board of the Football Association of Slovenia decided that defending champions and unbeaten league-leaders ŽNK Pomurje would take the 2021–22 UEFA Women's Champions League place.

Football Association of Slovenia
The Football Association of Slovenia (Slovene: Nogometna zveza Slovenije or NZS) is the governing body of football in Slovenia. It organizes the first division (1. SNL), second division (2. SNL), third division (East and West), Slovenian Cup, Slovenian Women's League, and other competitions. It is also responsible for the Slovenia national football team and the Slovenia women's national football team. It was founded as Ljubljana Football Subassociation on 24 April 1920.
Kremlin Presidium
The Kremlin Presidium (The Administrative Building of the Kremlin, Russian: Административный корпус Кремля, romanized: Administrativnyy korpus Kremlya), also denominated Building 14 (Russian: 14-й корпус), was an edifice within the Moscow Kremlin in Russia. Constructed on the site of the demolished historic cathedrals in 1934, until 2011 it housed, first, the Supreme Soviet, i.e. the supreme legislative body of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991, and, second, the offices of the Presidential Administration of Russia. It was dismantled in 2016.

Chudov Monastery
The Chudov Monastery (Russian: Чу́дов монасты́рь, romanized: Chúdov monastýr'; more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by Metropolitan Alexius of Moscow. The monastery was dedicated to the miracle (chudo in Russian) of the Archangel Michael at Chonae (feast day: September 19 [O.S. September 6]). The Monastery was closed in 1918 and dismantled in 1929 by the Soviet government.
Gethyn Hewan
Gethyn Elliot Hewan (23 December 1916 – 1 July 1988) was an English first-class cricketer and schoolmaster. He studied mathematics as the University of Cambridge, during which he played first-class cricket for Cambridge University Cricket Club, before accepting a fellowship to study at Yale University. He served in the Second World War with the Royal Horse Artillery, for which he was mentioned in dispatches. Following the war he took up teaching posts at several educational establishments, most notably as headmaster of Cranbrook School, Sydney.

Royal Horse Artillery
The Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) was formed in 1793 as a distinct arm of the Royal Regiment of Artillery (commonly termed Royal Artillery) to provide horse artillery support to the cavalry units of the British Army. Although the cavalry link remained part of its defining character, as early as the Battle of Waterloo the RHA was sometimes deployed more along the lines of conventional field artillery, fighting from comparatively fixed positions.

The Royal Horse Artillery, currently consists of three regiments, (1 RHA, 3 RHA and 7 RHA) and one ceremonial unit (King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery). Almost all the batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery have served continuously since the French Revolutionary Wars or Napoleonic Wars, except the King's Troop, created in 1946, and M Battery, which was 'reanimated' in 1993. Horses are still in service for ceremonial purposes but were phased out from operational deployment in the 1930s.
Sej Motau
Sejamothopo "Sej" Motau (born 18 July 1943) is a politician, journalist, communications and corporate affairs expert, and a former Fulbright Scholar. He was South Africa's Shadow Minister of Presidency, and a Member of Parliament for the opposition Democratic Alliance. From 2009 to 2012, he was the Shadow Minister of Energy.

Motau is a former journalist with the Pretoria News and The Star, and holds undergraduate and honours degrees from the University of South Africa, and a master's degree in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley.

Motau has worked as divisional manager of corporate affairs at Mercedes-Benz South Africa, and as head of corporate affairs at Transnet and Sasol. He worked as an independent communications consultant prior to joining the Democratic Alliance.

Motau left parliament at the 2019 general election.

Pretoria News
Pretoria News is a daily English-medium newspaper established in 1898 in South Africa's capital city Pretoria. It is distributed in the Tshwane Metropolitan area. Pretoria News covers a range of local news, as well as national and international news, comment and analysis by experts, sport, entertainment and lifestyle. It publishes a daily edition from Monday to Friday and also offers a weekend edition. Pretoria News is part of the Independent Media South Africa group and is available online via the Independent Online (South Africa) website.
Zigi Shipper
Zigi Shipper BEM (born Zygmunt Shipper; 18 January 1930 – 18 January 2023) was a Polish survivor of the Holocaust and public speaker. Born and raised in Łódź, Poland, he survived the Łódź ghetto, the  Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, the Stutthof concentration camp, and a death march to Neustadt in Holstein, and was eventually liberated by the British Army on 3 May 1945.

In 1947, he moved to England and became a public speaker and educator with the Holocaust Educational Trust (HET), often speaking in schools about his experiences. In 2016, he was awarded a British Empire Medal for 20 years of work educating people about the Holocaust.

Neustadt in Holstein
Neustadt in Holstein (German: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔɪn ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Holsatian: Niestadt in Holsteen) is a town in the district of Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, on the Bay of Lübeck 30 km northeast of Lübeck, and 50 km southeast of Kiel.