hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Daniel's Properties, Inc. v. VIP Products LLC
Jack Daniel's Properties, Inc. v. VIP Products LLC, 599 U.S. 140 (2023), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that, when an alleged infringer uses a trademark as a designation of source for the infringer's own goods, the Rogers test does not apply. The case deals with a dog toy shaped similar to a Jack Daniel's whiskey bottle and label, but with parody elements, which Jack Daniel's asserted violated trademark law. The Court held in favor of Jack Daniel's because the toy company used its parody as its trademark, and the court left the Rogers test on parody intact.

Jack Daniel's
Jack Daniel's is a brand of Tennessee whiskey produced at Jack Daniel Distillery in Lynchburg, Tennessee, which has been owned by the Brown–Forman Corporation since 1956.

Packaged in square bottles, Jack Daniel's "Black Label" Tennessee whiskey sold 12.9 million nine-liter cases in 2017. Other brand variations, such as Tennessee Honey, Tennessee Apple, Gentleman Jack, Tennessee Fire, and ready to drink (RTD) products brought the total to more than 16.1 million equivalent adjusted cases for the entire Jack Daniel's family of brands.
Rachid ben Massoundi
Rachid ben Massoundi is a politician from Comoros from Mohéli, and former Vice-President of the Comoros.

He is an engineer by profession. He was elected as Vice-President of the Comoros in the ticket of Azali Assoumani and served as one of the Vice-Presidents from 26 May 2002 to 26 May 2006. He was simultaneously Minister of Justice, Information, Religious Affairs and Human Rights.

Later in 2011, ben Massoundi was one of the diplomatic advisors of president Ikililou Dhoinine until 2014. In 2014, he was appointed as the head of planning department in the ministry of environment and forests. In the 2016 presidential elections, he was vice presidential candidate in the ticket of Orange Party presidential candidate Mohamed Daoudou.

Ikililou Dhoinine
Ikililou Dhoinine (Arabic: إكليل ظنين, born 14 August 1962) is a Comorian politician who served as the ninth President of the Comoros from 2011 to 2016; he was Vice-President of the Comoros from 2006 to 2011.
2024 Hathras crowd crush
On 2 July 2024, a crowd crush occurred at the conclusion of a satsang organised by a self-styled godman in the village of Mughal Garhi in Hathras district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The incident resulted in the deaths of 121 people, most of whom were women and children, and the hospitalisation of at least 150 others. The incident occurred when about 250,000 people showed up for the event, which had permission for at most 80,000.

Satsang
Satsang (Sanskrit: सत्सङ्ग, romanized: Satsaṅga, lit. 'the company of truth') is an audience with a satguru for the purpose of spiritual or yogic instruction. The satsanga is a gathering of good people for the performance of devotional activities.
Kohei Shimizu (skier)
Kohei Shimizu (清水 康平, Shimizu Kōhei, born 25 January 1989) is a Japanese cross-country skier.

At the 2011 Asian Winter Games he won a silver medal in the 4 x 10 kilometre relay event, together with Keishin Yoshida, Masaya Kimura, and Nobu Naruse, behind the Kazakhstani team.

He competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 in Oslo.

Nobu Naruse
Nobu Naruse (成瀬 野生, Naruse Nobu) (born July 8, 1984) is a Japanese cross-country skier. He competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. He represented Japan at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Naruse's best finish at the Winter Olympics was 13th in the team sprint at Vancouver in 2010 while his best individual finish was 35th in the 50 km event.

He finished 52nd in the 15 km event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo.

His best World Cup finish was 13th at a 4 x 10 km relay at France in 2006 while his best individual finish was 26th in a 15 km event at Estonia in 2010.
Nizhnekamsk
Nizhnekamsk (Russian: Нижнекамск, IPA: [nʲɪʐnʲɪˈkamsk]; Tatar: Түбән Кама) is a city in Tatarstan, Russia, located to the south of the Kama River between the cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Chistopol. Population: 241,479 (2021 census); 234,044 (2010 census); 225,399 (2002 census); 190,793 (1989 Soviet census).

Chistopol
Chistopol (Russian: Чи́стополь; Tatar: Чистай; Chuvash: Чистай, Çistay) is a town in Tatarstan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuybyshev Reservoir, on the Kama River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 60,755.
Black Partridge (chief)
Black Partridge or Black Pheasant (Potawatomi: Mucketeypokee, Mucktypoke, Mka-da-puk-ke, Muccutay Penay, Makadebakii, Mkadébki) (fl. 1795–1816) was a 19th-century Peoria Lake Potawatomi chieftain. Although a participant in the Northwest Indian War and the War of 1812, he was a friend to early American settlers and an advocate for peaceful relations with the United States. He and his brother Waubonsie both attempted to protect settlers during the Battle of Fort Dearborn after they were unsuccessful in preventing the attack.

A memorial at the site of the massacre in present-day Chicago, Illinois once included a statue of Black Partridge preventing a tomahawk from hitting Margaret Helm, the wife of one of the defenders at Fort Dearborn. Black Partridge Woods, a state park in Cook County, Illinois, as well as Partridge Township in Woodford County, Illinois are also named in his honor.

Peoria Lake
Peoria Lake, sometimes called Lower Peoria Lake, is a section of the Illinois River between Peoria in Peoria County, Illinois and East Peoria in Tazewell County, Illinois. The oldest section of Peoria, the largest city on the river, lies at its shores. From a modern perspective, the lake runs from just south of the McClugage Bridge (US 24/US 150/War Memorial Drive) to the Murray Baker Bridge (Interstate 74). The larger Upper Peoria Lake flows into the lake on its north side, at approximately river mile 166.5.
Chicquita
Chicquita (foaled 21 January 2010) is an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Originally trained in France, she was a talented but unpredictable filly with a tendency to swerve left or right in the closing stages of her races. After finishing third in her only race as a two-year-old in 2012, she fell on her three-year-old debut but then proved herself a top-class filly by finishing second to Treve in the Prix de Diane and then winning the Irish Oaks. She was off the course for over a year before returning in 2014 but failed to win in four subsequent races.

Prix de Diane
The Prix de Diane, sometimes referred to as the French Oaks, is one of the most important and prestigious Group 1 horse races in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June. It is one of four races in France with a purse of a million euros or more.

It is France's equivalent of The Oaks, a famous race in England.

Over 40,000 people from around the world attend the races to not only watch the races and bet on horses, but also to showcase the latest fashion trends.
Vijaya Gauri
Vijaya Gauri is a 1955 Indian Telugu-language swashbuckler film, produced by Krishna Pictures banner and directed by D. Yoganand. It stars N. T. Rama Rao and Padmini, with music composed by G. Ramanathan and Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy. This film was shot simultaneously in Tamil as Kaveri with slightly different cast.

G. Ramanathan
Gopalan Ramanathan  was an Indian music composer for Tamil movies. He is also known as Isai Methai (Genius of Music) or Sangeetha Chakravarthy (Emperor of Music) and is considered to be one of the influential Tamil music composers to take Carnatic music to the masses. Notable for his association with M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar. G. Ramanathan also composed for films of Salem Modern Theatres and Coimbatore Central Studios. His career lasted until his death in 1963. During the 1950s G.Ramanathan's music dominated most of the box office hits of the then leading Tamil movie stars Shivaji Ganesan and M. G. Ramachandran.
Viterbo Papacy
With a long history as a vantage point for anti-popes forces threatening Rome, Viterbo became a papal city in 1243. During the later thirteenth century, the ancient Italian city of Viterbo was the site of five papal elections and the residence of seven popes and their Curias, and it remains the location of four papal tombs. These popes resided in the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo alongside the Viterbo Cathedral intermittently for two decades, from 1257 to 1281; as a result, the papal palace in Viterbo, with that in Orvieto, are the most extensive thirteenth-century papal palaces to have survived.

Shifting political and economic alliances pushed and pulled various popes of that century from Rome, taking refuge in other, not invariably hospitable, Italian city-states like Perugia and Orvieto. The primary cleavage in these divisions was between the Angevin and Hohenstaufen claimants to the title of Holy Roman Emperor, whom the pope could crown.

Pope John XXI
Pope John XXI (Latin: Ioannes XXI, Italian: Giovanni XXI, Portuguese: João XXI; c. 1215 – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião (Latin: Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death in May 1277. He is the only ethnically Portuguese pope in history. He is sometimes identified with the logician and herbalist Peter of Spain (Latin: Petrus Hispanus; Portuguese: Pedro Hispano), which would make him the only pope to have been a physician.
Chōsei District
Chōsei District (長生郡, Chōsei-gun) is a district located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of September 2010, the district has an estimated population of 63,382 and a density of 279 persons per km2. The total area was 226.97 square kilometres (87.63 sq mi). The district formerly included all of the city of Mobara and a small portion of the city of Isumi.

Isumi
Isumi (いすみ市, Isumi-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of  37,206 in 17,004 households and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 157.44 square kilometres (60.79 sq mi).
Arizona Days (1937 film)
Arizona Days is a 1937 American Western film directed by John English and starring Tex Ritter, Eleanor Stewart, Syd Saylor. It is the third Western singing cowboy Ritter made for producer Edward Finney for Grand National Pictures. Many public domain prints are missing sequences from the original release.

Tex Ritter
Woodward Maurice "Tex" Ritter (January 12, 1905 – January 2, 1974) was an American country music singer and actor. He was the patriarch of the Ritter acting family (son John Ritter, grandsons Jason Ritter and Tyler Ritter). He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Kadhalithal Podhuma
Kadhalithal Podhuma (transl. Is it enough if one only loves?) is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language romance film directed by K. V. Srinivas and produced by under Modern Theatres. The film's script was written by M. K. Devarajan and A. L. Narayanan wrote part of comedy script. The music was by Vedha. It stars Jaishankar, Vanisri, R. S. Manohar and Vennira Aadai Nirmala, with Thengai Srinivasan, V. S. Raghavan Rukmani and B. V. Radha in supporting roles. The film was released on 1 November 1967.

Vanisri
Vanisri (born Rathna Kumari) is an Indian actress known for her works predominantly in Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada films. In a film career spanning 40 years, she has received three Filmfare Awards South, the Nandi Awards and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award.
George Case (slave trader)
George Case (1747–1836) was a British slave trader who was responsible for at least 109 slave voyages. Case was the co-owner of the slave ship Zong, whose crew perpetrated the Zong massacre. After the massacre, the ship owners went to court in an attempt to secure an insurance payout of £30 for each enslaved person murdered. A public outcry ensued and strengthened the abolition movement in the United Kingdom. In 1781, he became Mayor of Liverpool. After he died, the wealth generated by his slavery was bequeathed to the Case Fund by his grandson.

Lord Mayor of Liverpool
The Lord Mayor of Liverpool is a largely ceremonial civic office of Liverpool City Council. The Lord Mayor is the ‘first citizen’ of Liverpool representing the city and acting as a focal point of community events and is also the presiding officer for the Liverpool City Council Chamber.

The post has existed in one form or another since the foundation of Liverpool as a borough by the Royal Charter of King John in 1207, then simply being referred to as the Mayor of Liverpool. The position is now a largely ceremonial and civic role. It is one of the two Mayor positions that serve Liverpool with the other being the Mayor of the Liverpool City Region a non ceremonial, executive post.

The position of Lord Mayor is always held by a sitting councillor, currently the Lord Mayor of Liverpool is Cllr Barbara Murray, who has held the post since May 2025. The current deputy Lord Mayor is Cllr William Shortall.
Bundesstraße 204
The Bundesstraße 204 was a former German federal road or Bundesstraße that served as a link between northwest–southeast route, connecting Heide, Albersdorf, Hanerau-Hademarschen, Schenefeld and Itzehoe in western Schleswig-Holstein. The road was completely downgraded due to the construction of the A 23 motorway.

Schenefeld, Steinburg
Schenefeld (German pronunciation: [ˈʃeːnəfɛlt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km north of Itzehoe.

Schenefeld is the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Schenefeld.

The population was roughly 2,447 people as of 2008.
Rugby Football Association of Bihar
The Rugby Football Association of Bihar, also known as Bihar Rugby Football Association, abbreviated ("RFAB") is the governing body for rugby union in Bihar, India. It is a member of India Rugby Football Union with a seat on that body's Executive Council. It is affiliated with the Bihar Olympic Association.

Bihar Olympic Association
Bihar Olympic Association (BOA) is responsible for organizing various State level tournaments in coordination with other Bihar State Sports Organization and Government of Bihar. BOA is an affiliated member of Indian Olympic Association.

Indian Olympic Association has dissolved the Bihar Olympic Association (BOA) for lack of governance, transparency, and administrative inefficiency. IOA president PT Usha has formed a five-member ad hoc committee led by Hockey India secretary general Bholanath Singh to take interim charge of BOA
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle
Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle, is a co-educational grammar school with academy status in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. In 2009, there were 877 pupils, of whom 271 were in the sixth form.

Although royally chartered by Queen Elizabeth I in 1571, there had already been a school in Horncastle for 251 years. The original charter document, with its royal seal, remains in the custody of the school's governors.

The school's catchment area includes Horncastle and the surrounding area: Wragby, Bardney and Woodhall Spa to the west, the Lincolnshire Wolds to the north and east, and Coningsby.

Lincolnshire Wolds
The Lincolnshire Wolds are a range of low hills in Lincolnshire, England. The hills run roughly parallel with the North Sea coast, from the Humber Estuary just west of the town of Barton-upon-Humber in North Lincolnshire, towards the flat Lincolnshire Fens in the south-east of the county as far south as the East Lindsey village of East Keal. The Wolds form the highest land in eastern England between Yorkshire and Kent.

Natural England define a Lincolnshire Wolds National Character Area covering an area of 844 square kilometres (326 sq mi). Within this, an area of 560 square kilometres (220 sq mi) is designated as the Lincolnshire Wolds National Landscape, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Fuad Mamedov
Fuad Mamedov Teyub oglu (Azerbaijani: Fuad Məmmədov Teyyub oğlu) is a professor of culturology and Chair of the History Department at the Academy of Public Administration (Azerbaijan). He is the founder of Culturology in Azerbaijan and also the President of the Cultural Association Simurgh.

Academy of Public Administration (Azerbaijan)
The Academy of Public Administration (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası lit. The Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan) is a scientific and educational institution established based on the Baku Institute of Social Management and Political Science by the Decree No. 60 of the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated January 3. 1999.
Maja Matevžič
Maja Matevžič (born 13 June 1980) is a former professional  tennis player from Slovenia. Both her most recent WTA Tour singles and doubles matches were played on 21 August 2005 at Toronto.

She retired because of injuries in September 2006. Her last tournament was in Portorož, Slovenia, where she played doubles with Tina Križan.

Matevžič wanted to open a tennis school in Slovenia. She would like pass on her knowledge to boys and girls in her country.

Tina Križan
Tina Križan (born 18 March 1974) is a former Slovenian professional tennis player.

Known primarily for her achievements playing doubles, she reached a career-high singles ranking of 95, including a win over Jana Novotna, and a career-high doubles ranking of 19 in 2002. She won six WTA doubles titles and was runner-up in more than 10 WTA doubles events. She also won 10 ITF tournaments.

She represented Slovenia in doubles at the Olympics in 1992, 2000, and 2004, and in the latter two events, her partner was Katarina Srebotnik). She qualified twice for the doubles season end Masters Championships in Munich and Los Angeles.

Tina Križan holds the record for Fed Cup appearances for her country, representing Slovenia in 46 ties and playing a record 72 matches.

She graduated from Maribor University in 2004.
Rawa (river)
The Rawa (pronounced: Polish: ['rava] ⓘ; older name Roździanka) is a minor river (about 19.6 km (12.2 mi) long) in Silesia, Poland. It is the largest right tributary of the Brynica, itself a tributary of the Przemsza, which in turn is a tributary of the Vistula.  The entire length of the Rawa is within the Metropolis GZM. It has its source in Ruda Śląska and crosses the cities of Świętochłowice, Chorzów and Katowice. Finally in Sosnowiec it joins the Brynica River only several hundred metres before the latter joins with the Czarna Przemsza.

The Rawa has lost most of its natural river character, and is now mostly a sewage channel flowing underground. Works have begun to restore it to an ecologically sound water flow.

Sosnowiec
Sosnowiec is an industrial city county in the Dąbrowa Basin of southern Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, which is also part of the Metropolis GZM municipal association. Located in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, Sosnowiec is one of the cities of the Katowice urban area, which is a conurbation with a total population of 2.7 million people; as well as the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5.3 million people. The population of the city is 189,178 as of December 2022.
Carlota Cove
Carlota Cove is the 1.9 km wide cove indenting for 1.14 km the northwest coast of Alfatar Peninsula, Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica next east of Coppermine Peninsula, and entered between Fort William and Misnomer Point.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers operating from neighbouring Clothier Harbour.

The feature was surveyed and named by the 1949 Chilean Antarctic Expedition under Captain Leopoldo Fontaine.

Robert Island
Robert Island or Mitchells Island or Polotsk Island or Roberts Island is an island 11 miles (18 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, situated between Nelson Island and Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Robert Island is located at 62°24′S 59°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.500°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.500. Its surface area is 132 km2 (51 sq mi). The name "Robert Island" dates back to around 1821 and is now established in international usage.

Much of the Coppermine Peninsula in the west of the island is made up by a perched strandflat surface that was at sea level in the past.

Captain Richard Fildes may have named Robert Island for his brig Robert. Fildes was sealing in the South Shetlands in 1821–1822 until ice destroyed his vessel in March 1822. Fildes Strait is named for him.
Jealousy (1934 film)
Jealousy is a 1934 American drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Nancy Carroll, George Murphy, Donald Cook and Raymond Walburn. The film was released on November 23, 1934, by Columbia Pictures.

Nancy Carroll
Nancy Carroll (born Ann Veronica Lahiff; November 19, 1903 – August 6, 1965) was an American actress. She started her career in Broadway musicals and then became an actress in sound films and was in many films from 1927 to 1938. She was then in television roles from 1950 to 1963. She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960.
People v. Berry
People v. Berry is a voluntary manslaughter case that is widely taught in American law schools for the appellate court's unusual interpretation of heat of passion doctrine. Although the defendant had time to "cool down" between his wife's verbal admission of infidelity and the killing, the California Supreme Court held that the provocation in this case was adequate to reduce a murder charge to manslaughter. The lower court had relied on the traditional definition of "adequate provocation" in its jury instructions. The California Supreme Court reversed Berry's murder conviction, while affirming Berry's conviction for assault using deadly force.

The case has also been discussed or mentioned in more than forty separate academic journal articles relating to murder, female victims of domestic violence, and rape.   More than 160 court decisions in California have cited, mentioned, or discussed this opinion.

Voluntary manslaughter
Voluntary manslaughter is the killing of a human in which the offender acted in the heat of passion, a state that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed to the point that they cannot reasonably control their emotions. Voluntary manslaughter is one of two main types of manslaughter, the other being involuntary manslaughter.
Texas Gas Transmission
Texas Gas Transmission is a natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Louisiana Gulf coast up through Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky, to supply gas to Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.  It is owned by Boardwalk Pipelines.  Its FERC code is 18.

Texas Gas was created in 1948 with the merger of Memphis Natural Gas Company and Kentucky Natural Gas Corporation.  Since that time, Texas Gas has changed ownership four times.  The company was bought by CSX Corporation in 1983; by Transco Energy Corp. in 1989; by Williams in 1995; and by Loews Corporation in 2003.

Transcontinental Pipeline
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line (Transco) is a natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania to deliver gas to the New Jersey and New York City area.  It is owned by the Williams Companies.  Its FERC code is 29.
Miss World Ecuador 2014
Miss World Ecuador 2014 was the second Miss World Ecuador pageant, held at the Lineal Park in Guayaquil, Ecuador, on October 4, 2014.

Laritza Párraga of Santo Domingo crowned Virginia Limongi of Manabí at the end of the event.

Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province
Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (Spanish pronunciation: [ˌsanto ðoˈmiŋgo ðe los ˈtsatʃilas]) is a province in the Republic of Ecuador, created in October 2007 from territory previously in the province of Pichincha.