hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of South Africa (1994–present)
South Africa since 1994 transitioned from the system of apartheid to one of majority rule. The election of 1994 resulted in a change in government with the African National Congress (ANC) coming to power. The ANC retained power after subsequent elections in 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019, However, in 2024, they officially lost the National Majority and had to form a Government of National Unity with other  political parties, including the former official opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DA).

2009 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 22 April 2009 to elect members of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures. These were the fourth general elections held since the end of the apartheid era.

The North Gauteng High Court ruled on 9 February 2009 that South African citizens living abroad should be allowed to vote in elections. The judgment was confirmed by the Constitutional Court on 12 March 2009, when it decided that overseas voters who were already registered would be allowed to vote. Registered voters who found themselves outside their registered voting districts on election day were also permitted to vote for the national ballot at any voting station in South Africa.

The result was a victory for the ruling African National Congress (ANC), which won 264 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, a fifteen seat reduction compared to the 2004 elections and losing its two-thirds supermajority. ANC leader Jacob Zuma became president.
Bryan S. Lorigan
Bryan S. Lorigan (March 10, 1824 – October 31, 1895) was an Irish American immigrant, farmer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing northern Manitowoc County during the 1874 and 1875 terms.  As an early settler in Manitowoc County, he was one of the founders of the first Catholic church in the county, St. Patrick's Church in Maple Grove.

Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
Manitowoc County (/ˈmænɪtəwɒk/ ⓘ MAN-it-ə-wok) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 81,359. Its county seat is Manitowoc. The county was created in 1836 prior to Wisconsin's statehood and organized in 1848. Manitowoc County comprises the Manitowoc, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Nick Kouparitsas
Nick Kouparitsas (born 26 February 1984) is a former Greek international rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. A Greece international representative second-row, he played for Canterbury-Bankstown, Sydney Roosters and Harlequins RL.

Greece national rugby league team
The Greece national rugby league team (Greek: Ελλάδα εθνική ομάδα ράγκμπι λίγκ) represents Greece in rugby league. The team has been participating in international competition since 2003.

Administered by the Greek Rugby League Association since 2017, the team is coached by Greek Australian Steve Georgallis.
Kepler-62e
Kepler-62e (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-701.03) is a super-Earth exoplanet (extrasolar planet) discovered orbiting within the habitable zone of Kepler-62, the second outermost of five such planets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft.  Kepler-62e is located about 990 light-years (300 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Lyra.  The exoplanet was found using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Kepler-62e may be a terrestrial or ocean-covered planet; it lies in the inner part of its host star's habitable zone.

Kepler-62e orbits its host star every 122 days and is roughly 60 percent larger (in diameter) than Earth.

Methods of detecting exoplanets
Methods of detecting exoplanets usually rely on indirect strategies – that is, they do not directly image the planet but deduce its existence from another signal. Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. For example, a star like the Sun is about a billion times as bright as the reflected light from any of the planets orbiting it. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the glare from the parent star washes it out. For those reasons, very few of the exoplanets reported as of June 2025 have been detected directly, with even fewer being resolved from their host star.
Johnny Quirke
John Quirke (2 May 1911 – 24 August 1983) was an Irish hurler who played as a right corner-forward for the Cork senior team.

Quirke made his first appearance for the team during the 1932 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1946 championship. During that time, he won four All-Ireland medals, four Munster medals and two National League medals.  Quirke was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion.

At club level, Quirke was a three-time county club championship medalist with Blackrock.

Quirke's sister, Dolly Leahy, was an All-Ireland medalist in camogie with Cork.

1932 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1931 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 1 May 1932 and ended on 4 September 1932.

Cork were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial series of games. Kilkenny won the title following a 3–3 to 2–3 victory over Clare in the final.
2024 Organization of Turkic States summit
The 2024 Organization of Turkic States summit, officially the 11th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Organization of Turkic States summit, was a meeting between the leaders of the Organization of Turkic States in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 6 November 2024.

Organization of Turkic States
The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising all but one of the internationally recognized Turkic sovereign states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan; while Hungary, Turkmenistan and Northern Cyprus are observers. Its overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic peoples. First proposed by Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009 in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is located in Turkey's Istanbul.

In addition to Turkmenistan, the organization has also admitted Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as observers, although the latter is only recognized by Turkey.

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured and adopted its current name.
The Indigo Belly Dance Company
The Indigo Belly Dance Company is a tribal fusion style belly dance company that was based in San Francisco. It was founded by Rachel Brice in 2003.  Its members include Brice, Mardi Love, and Zoe Jakes.  Past members include Sharon Kihara, Ariellah Aflalo, Janice Solimeno, and Michelle Campbell.  Many of these dancers currently teach and perform internationally, and have also appeared with Bellydance Superstars.

2007 marked The Indigo's first full-length, vaudeville inspired, touring show, Le Serpent Rouge, presented by Miles Copeland III, which toured for two years.

The Indigo officially disbanded in 2013 so the individual members could pursue solo careers, but they still work together for occasional projects. Rachel Brice went on to open a school, Datura, in Portland, Oregon. Zoe Jakes routed all her creative energy into Beats Antique, and Mardi Love moved to the South and makes high-end jewelry.

Bellydance Superstars
Bellydance Superstars is a professional American bellydance troupe formed in 2002 by producer and manager Miles Copeland. In its first six years of touring, it presented 700 shows in 22 countries. The troupe disbanded sometime in the mid-2000s after Copeland left to pursue other projects.

The line-up of performers became increasingly diverse throughout the years and the repertoire incorporated elements of many different dance styles including traditional Egyptian bellydance, Turkish bellydance, American Tribal Style and Tribal Fusion. The troupe toured extensively in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory
In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters  such as borane and carborane clusters. The electron counting rules were originally formulated by Kenneth Wade, and were further developed by others including Michael Mingos; they are sometimes known as Wade's rules or the Wade–Mingos rules. The rules are based on a molecular orbital treatment of the bonding. These rules have been extended and unified in the form of the Jemmis mno rules.

Boranes
A borane is a compound with the formula BxHyRz although examples include multi-boron derivatives. Most of the known group 13 hydrides belong to this class. A large family of boron hydride clusters is also known. In addition to some applications in organic chemistry, the boranes have attracted much attention as they exhibit structures and bonding that differs strongly from the patterns seen in hydrocarbons. Hybrids of boranes and hydrocarbons, the carboranes, are also a well developed class of compounds.
David Hammerstein Mintz
David Hammerstein Mintz (born 23 September 1955) is a Spanish politician and former Member of the European Parliament for Los Verdes, part of the European Greens. He used to sit on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and its Committee on Petitions. He also worked for an international consumer advocacy group, the Trans-Atlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD), but is now working for the commons network.

Hammerstein was born in Los Angeles, and graduated in sociology from the University of California in 1978.  From 1991 to 1999, he worked as a Natural economy and geography teacher at secondary level (in Godella).

Confederation of the Greens
The Confederation of the Greens (Spanish: Confederación de los Verdes), frequently referred to as simply The Greens (Spanish: Los Verdes, LV), is a green political party in Spain. Since 2011, 13 out of 16 of their member parties belong to Equo; for this reason, on 13 May 2012, the European Green Party decided to withdraw the Confederation of the Greens membership.
Franjo Kluz
Franjo Kluz (19 September 1913 – 14 September 1944) was a Yugoslav pilot from Bosnia and a People's Hero of Yugoslavia. He is best known as one of the founders of the Partisan air force, and served as an officer in No. 352 Squadron RAF.

Order of the People's Hero
The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero (Serbo-Croatian: Orden narodnog heroja / Oрден народног хероја; Slovene: Red narodnega heroja, Macedonian: Oрден на народен херој, romanized: Orden na naroden heroj) was a Yugoslav gallantry medal, the second highest military award, and third overall Yugoslav decoration. It was awarded to individuals, military units, political and other organisations who distinguished themselves by extraordinary heroic deeds during war and in peacetime. The recipients were thereafter known as People's Heroes of Yugoslavia or National Heroes of Yugoslavia. The vast majority was awarded to partisans for actions during the Second World War. A total of 1,322 awards were awarded in Yugoslavia, and 19 were awarded to foreigners.

In 1998, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia decided to award the Order of the People's Hero again and decorated several military units, but no individuals.
Archaeological sites in the District of Mitrovica
The strategic position of the region of Mitrovica in the middle of two great rivers Ibar and Sitnica and its mineral wealth in Albanik (Monte Argentarum), made this location populated since the prehistoric period. This region was populated by Illyrians, who were members of the Dardan tribe. The first data for the archaeological sites in the region of Mitrovica, begin with the research of  Sir Arthur Evans, who was the first to pinpoint the Roman town of the Municipium Dardanourm. In the archaeological sites of the region of Mitrovica were found traces and objects from different periods such as; Neolithic, Roman, late antiquity and medieval period. Objects and figurines include: fortress vestiges, necropolis, Terpsichore figure, statues, sarcophagus, altar, jewelry, etc.

District of Mitrovica
Mitrovica District (Albanian: Rajoni i Mitrovicës; Serbian Cyrillic: Косовскомитровачки округ) is one of the seven districts of Kosovo. Its administrative center and largest city is Mitrovica. The district borders on the District of Peja to the south-west, the District of Pristina to the south and east, and Serbia to the north and northwest.
Florangel Rosario-Braid
Florangel Rosario-Braid is a Filipina writer, educator, and constitutionalist, who was a member of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986. She served as president and executive dean, currently president emeritus of the Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication (AIJC).

Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication
The Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication is a graduate school in the Philippines. AIJC offers graduate programs in communication and journalism, provides professional training in various areas related to communication and leadership, and implements programs and projects in line with its advocacies. It is considered one of the leading communication institutions in the Philippines and the ASEAN region.
Political gaffe
A political gaffe is a mistake or blunder in speech or action made by a politician that attracts media attention and public scrutiny. While often unintended, political gaffes can have significant consequences, as they may reveal the politician's personal views, highlight misunderstandings of key issues, or showcase perceived flaws in character. The concept includes different types of errors, from factual inaccuracies to statements that expose internal beliefs not intended for public consumption. Gaffes are commonly exploited by opponents and media as part of "gotcha" journalism, which often focuses on the blunder rather than substantive political issues. The rise of social media has further amplified the impact of political gaffes, enabling rapid distribution and increased scrutiny.

Gotcha journalism
"Gotcha journalism" is a pejorative term used by media critics to describe interviewing methods that appear designed to entrap interviewees into making statements that are damaging or discreditable to their cause, character, integrity, or reputation.  The term is rooted in an assertion that the interviewer may be supporting a hidden agenda, and aims to make film or sound recordings of the interviewee which may be selectively edited, compiled, and broadcast or published in order to intentionally show the subject in an unfavorable light.

The term derives from the word gotcha, a contracted form of "got you", and emerged in political journalism during the 1980s and 1990s.
Re Spectrum Plus Ltd
Re Spectrum Plus Ltd [2005] UKHL 41 was a UK company law decision of House of Lords that settled a number of outstanding legal issues relating to floating charges and recharacterisation risk under the English common law. However, the House of Lords also discussed the power of the court to make rulings as to the law that were "prospective only" to mitigate potential harshness when issuing a ruling that was different from what the law had previously been understood to be.

Re Brumark Investments Ltd
Agnew v Commissioners of Inland Revenue, more commonly referred to as Re Brumark Investments Ltd [2001] UKPC 28 is a decision of the Privy Council relating to New Zealand and UK insolvency law, concerning the taking of a security interest over a company's assets, the proper characterisation of a floating charge, and the priority of creditors in a company winding-up.
Pyramid Game
Pyramid Game (Korean: 피라미드 게임; RR: Pilamideu Geim) is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written and illustrated by Dalgonyak. It was serialized via Naver Corporation's webtoon platform, Naver Webtoon, from January 2020 to April 2022, with the individual chapters collected. The manhwa has been published in English by Line Webtoon. A South Korean animated series has been announced and the series will be released on Laftel. A live-action adaptation was released on TVING on February 29, 2024.

Dalgonyak launched Pyramid Game in Naver's manhwa webtoon platform Naver Webtoon on January 24, 2020.

Naver Corporation
Naver Corporation (Korean: 네이버 주식회사)  ( Stylized as NAVER) is a South Korean internet conglomerate headquartered in Seongnam that operates the search engine Naver. Naver established itself as an early pioneer in the use of user-generated content through the creation of the online Q&A platform Knowledge iN.

On August 1, 2013, Naver decided to split with Hangame, a corporation with which it had grown together with as NHN Corporation for 13 years. On October 1, 2013, the company adopted its current name, Naver Corporation, in order to reflect the change, thus restoring its pre-merger name. Hangame is now overseen by NHN Entertainment Corporation. Naver's current affiliates include Snow, Naver Labs, Naver Webtoon, NAVER Cloud, and Works Mobile.
Fred Pointer
Frederick "Fred" Pointer  (19 July 1945 - 28 October 2024) was an Australian Paralympic athlete and wheelchair basketball player. At the 1980 Arnhem Games, he competed in four athletics events and won two bronze medals in the Men's 400 m 3 and Men's Slalom 3 events. He was also part of the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 1980 games.

In June 1979, he pushed his wheelchair from Melbourne to Sydney. He took 74 hours for the 907-kilometre journey. Pointer attempted to raise $100,000 to assist the Australian team at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands. It was reported that he only raised about $2,500.

1980 Summer Paralympics
The 1980 Summer Paralympics (Dutch: Paralympische Zomerspelen 1980), branded as the Olympics for the Disabled, were the sixth Summer Paralympic Games. They were held in Arnhem, Netherlands, from 21 to 30 June 1980.
Yuki Joseph Nakajima
Yuki Joseph Nakajima (中島 佑気 ジョセフ, Nakajima Yuki Joseph; born 30 March 2002) is a Japanese sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

He competed in the 400 metres at the 2023 World Athletics Championships, where he qualified for the semi-final.

He competed at the 2025 World Athletics Championships, in Tokyo, Japan, running a personal best and Japanese national record 44.44 seconds in his heat before qualifying for the 400 metres final, placing sixth overall. He also ran at the championships in the men's 4 x 400 metres relay.

2023 World Athletics Championships
The 2023 World Athletics Championships (Hungarian: 2023-as atlétikai világbajnokság), the nineteenth edition of the World Athletics Championships, were held from 19 to 27 August 2023 at the National Athletics Centre, in Budapest, Hungary. The tournament returned to its usual two-year cycle after the previous event in Eugene, Oregon, United States was postponed to 2022, held 13 months earlier due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

These are the first World Athletics Championships in Hungary. The city of Budapest had previously stated an interest in hosting the 2007 World Championships, but withdrew and it was eventually held in Osaka.
Arrowhead Towne Center
Arrowhead Towne Center, often referred to by locals as Arrowhead Mall, is a super-regional shopping mall located in Glendale, Arizona (west suburban Phoenix). The mall is owned by Macerich & GIC Private Limited. The mall features Macy's, Dillard's, JCPenney, and Dick's Sporting Goods in addition to a 14-screen AMC Theatres, and Round 1. Arrowhead also serves as a transit center for Valley Metro Bus.

Macerich
The Macerich Company (/ˈmeɪsrɪtʃ/ MAYSS-ritch) is a real estate investment trust that invests in shopping centers. It is the third-largest owner and operator of shopping centers in the United States. As of December 31, 2024, the company owned interests in 43 properties comprising 43 million square feet of leasable area. The company name is a portmanteau of its founders, Mace Siegel and Richard Cohen.
GoLibrary
GoLibrary or Library-a-Go-Go (Swedish: Bokomaten) is a book lending machine used by libraries in Sweden and the U.S. state of California. The Contra Costa Library was the body that first brought these machines to the United States.

Contra Costa County Library
The Contra Costa County Library is the public library system in Contra Costa County, California, United States.  There are 26 community libraries including the NRHP-listed Martinez Library, access to electronic information via a website, over 455,000 cardholders and more than 7 million items borrowed annually. Its headquarters are in Martinez.
Moorfields
51°31′05″N 0°05′19″W﻿ / ﻿51.518188°N 0.088611°W﻿ / 51.518188; -0.088611

Moorfields was an open space, partly in the City of London, lying adjacent to – and outside – its northern wall, near the eponymous Moorgate. It was known for its marshy conditions, the result of the defensive wall acting as a dam, impeding the flow of the River Walbrook and its tributaries.

Moorfields gives its name to the Moorfields Eye Hospital which occupied a site on the former fields from 1822–1899, and is still based close by, in the St Luke's area of the London Borough of Islington.

St Luke's, London
St Luke's is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Islington. It lies just north of the border with the City of London near the Barbican Estate, and the Clerkenwell and Shoreditch areas.

The area takes its name from the now redundant parish church of St Luke's, on Old Street west of Old Street station. Following the closure of the church, the parish was reabsorbed into that of St Giles-without-Cripplegate, from which it had separated in 1733.
Mike Gabbard
Gerald Michael Gabbard (born January 15, 1948) is an American politician who is the Hawaii state senator for District 21 from the Democratic Party, since 2006. Gabbard rose to prominence for efforts to prevent same-sex marriage in Hawaii by passing a 1998 amendment to the Constitution of Hawaii to give the state legislature "the power to reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples" under the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). Gabbard, who was born in American Samoa, is the first person of Samoan descent to serve in the Hawaii Senate.

His daughter, Tulsi Gabbard, was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Hawaii's second congressional district from 2013 to 2021 and was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020. She later switched parties and became the Director of National Intelligence during President Donald Trump’s second term in 2025.

1998 Hawaii Amendment 2
Constitutional Amendment 2 of 1998 amended the Constitution of Hawaii, granting the state legislature the power to prevent same-sex marriage from being conducted or recognized in Hawaii.  Amendment 2 was the first constitutional amendment adopted in the United States that specifically targeted same-sex partnerships.