hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mishar Tatar dialect
Mishar Tatar or Western Tatar (Мишәр, Mişär / Mişər, Мишәр Татар, Mişär / Mişər Tatar, көнбатыш татар, könbatış tatar) is a dialect of Tatar spoken by Mishar Tatars, mainly in Penza, Ulyanovsk, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Volgograd, and Saratov oblasts of Russia, in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia and Mordovia, and also in Finland and Estonia.

Some linguists (Radlov, Samoylovich) think that Mishar belongs to the Kipchak-Cuman group of languages rather than to the Kipchak-Bulgar group. Especially the regional dialect of Sergachsky district (Nizhny Novgorod) is said to be faithfully close to the ancient Kipchak language. Increased contacts with Kazan Tatars have lessened these differences.

Mishar is the dialect spoken by the Tatar minority of Finland. The origins of the Tatar community living in Finland rest upon the merchants coming from the villages of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (then-Governorate).

Sergachsky District
Sergachsky District (Russian: Серга́чский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sergachsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,243.8 square kilometers (480.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sergach. Population: 31,296 (2010 Census);  35,779 (2002 Census); 42,588 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sergach accounts for 68.3% of the district's total population.
P. T. Mohana Krishnan
Parakulangara Thazathel Mohanakrishnan (Malayalam: പി.ടി.മോഹന കൃഷ്ണൻ; 27 March 1934 – 10 January 2020) was a distinguished Indian politician and social worker. Throughout his extensive career, PT made significant contributions to Kerala's political landscape, particularly through his association with Indian National Congress. He was the youngest member to join the All India Congress Committee (AICC) at the time. P T Mohanakrishnan has served as a MLA representing Ponnani constituency during 1987 - 1991.

Ponnani Assembly constituency
Ponnani State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala. It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies included in Ponnani Lok Sabha constituency. Ponnani Assembly constituency is located right in the middle of the Kerala coast. As of the 2021 Assembly elections, the current MLA is P. Nandakumar of CPI(M).
Pyloroplasty
Pyloroplasty is a surgery performed to widen the opening at the lower part of the stomach, also known as the pylorus. When the pylorus thickens, it becomes difficult for food to pass through. The surgery is performed to widen the band of muscle known as the pyloric sphincter, a ring of smooth, muscular fibers that surrounds the pylorus and helps to regulate digestion and prevent reflux. The widening of the pyloric sphincter enables the contents of the stomach to pass into the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum.

Pylorus
The pylorus (/paɪˈlɔːrəs/ or /pɪˈloʊrəs/) connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the pyloric antrum (opening to the body of the stomach) and the pyloric canal (opening to the duodenum). The pyloric canal ends as the pyloric orifice, which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the pyloric sphincter.
The word pylorus comes from Greek πυλωρός, via Latin. The word pylorus in Greek means "gatekeeper", related to "gate" (Greek: pyle) and is thus linguistically related to the word "pylon".
Battle of Loyew (1649)
The Battle of Loyew (Belarusian: Бітва пад Лоевам, Ukrainian: Битва під Лоєвом, Polish: Bitwa pod Łojowem; 31 July 1649) was fought between the Zaporozhian Host against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day town of Loyew on the Sozh River in Belarus, a forces of the Zaporozhian under the command of Colonels Mykhailo Krychevsky, Stepan Pobodailo and Martyn Nebaba was defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Prince Janusz Radziwiłł and Nobleman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski. Prince Janusz Radziwiłł was able to engage a forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks before they merged. First, he defeated the army of the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Colonel Mykhailo Krychevsky, who was killed in the battle; then he defeated the rest armies of the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of the other Colonels Stepan Pobodailo and Martyn Nebaba.

Crown Army
The Crown Army (Polish: Armia koronna) was the land service branch of the military forces of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed from the establishment of the federation in 1569 until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
Otto Herzog
Otto Friedrich Herzog (30 October 1900 – 6 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party politician and SA-Obergruppenführer. During the closing months of the Second World War, he commanded the Volkssturm forces during the siege of Breslau and died there when the city fell to the Red Army in May 1945.

Siege of Breslau
The siege of Breslau, also known as the battle of Breslau, was a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), lasting to the end of World War II in Europe. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the Lower Silesian Offensive Operation. The German garrison's surrender on 6 May was followed by the surrender of all German forces two days after the battle.
Hind al-Mutayri
Hind bint Abd al-Razzaq Huwayl al-Mutayri (Arabic: هند المطيري) is a Saudi poet, writer and academic. She was born and raised in Taif, and it is where she received her education. She obtained a degree in the Arabic Language from King Saud University (1995) and a Ph.D. in Arabic Literature and Criticism from the Department of Arabic Language and Literature. She has participated in events, poetry slams, and readings both locally and internationally. She is also a member of Riyadh Literary Club and has two poetry collections and several critical and literary works.

Poetry reading
A poetry reading is a public oral recitation or performance of poetry. Reading poetry aloud allows the reader to express their own experience through poetry, changing the poem according to their sensibilities. The reader uses pitch and stress, and pauses become apparent. A poetry reading typically takes place on a small stage in a café or bookstore where multiple poets recite their own work. A more prominent poet may be chosen as the "headliner" of such an event and famous poets may also take the stage at a bigger venue such as an amphitheater or college auditorium.

How early poems like the Illiad were transmitted to audiences is not clear. Modern poetry readings only became popular in the last half of the twentieth century, at least in the United States, with stars like Dylan Thomas and Robert Frost. Live poetry reading competitions, called poetry slams and beginning in the 1980s, also remain popular.
Grey passport scandal
The Grey passport scandal refers to a human trafficking scheme facilitated through the issuing of so-called Grey Passports usually provided to Turkish diplomats and other civil servants to travel abroad without fulfilling the visa requirements. With such passports, it is estimated that several thousand Turkish citizens travelled abroad disguised as public civil servants and did not return. The scandal began with an article focusing in a case of 43 people who have been smuggled out of Turkey over the Municipality of Malatya by means of this scheme, published in the Turkish newspaper Habertürk in April 2021. The Turkish Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu admitted that several hundred of the recipients of Grey Passports did not return after their passports were invalidated and the Ministry of the Interior suspended the issuing of Grey Passports in order to prevent further human trafficking.

Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry (Turkish: İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey.

As of 10 February 2026, the current Minister of the Interior is Mustafa Çiftçi.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 is a digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera adhering to the Olympus and Panasonic developed Micro Four Thirds System (MFT) system design standard. Panasonic classified the GH1 as a hybrid stills/video camera and the GH1 was introduced and marketed as a higher end camera than Panasonic's first MFT camera, the stills only, non-video capable Lumix DMC-G1.

The Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 was the second MFT camera introduced under the MFT design standard and the first MFT camera to include HD video recording capability. The GH1 was announced at the April 2009 Photo Marketing Association Annual Convention and Trade Show.

As a part of marketing this camera, Panasonic sponsored some professional filmmakers by allowing them to borrow the GH1 camera for their projects. One such GH1 model camera was used to film the pilot of the Swedish horror film Marianne.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
Cadillac V16 engine
The Cadillac V16 engine is a term that applies to two different Cadillac-designed V-16 automobile engines, an overhead valve 45-degree 452 cu in (7.4 L) model produced between 1930 and 1937, and a 135-degree side valve 431 cu in (7.1 L) between 1938 and 1940.  Both were used in its most luxurious model line, the Cadillac V-16.

Cadillac produced two of only four production gasoline-fueled V16 engines in history.  The company has twice since attempted to build a new V16 engine, once in the 1980s and again in 2003 (the Cadillac Sixteen), neither making it into production.

Cubic inch
The cubic inch (symbol in3) is a unit of volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three dimensions (length, width, and height) being one inch long which is equivalent to ⁠1/231⁠ of a US gallon.

The cubic inch and the cubic foot are used as units of volume in the United States, although the common SI units of volume, the liter, milliliter, and cubic meter, are also used, especially in manufacturing and high technology. One cubic inch is exactly 16.387064 mL.

One cubic foot is equal to exactly 1,728 cubic inches (28.316846592 L), as 123 = 1728.
Jack Crabtree (American football)
Jack Crabtree (born November 19, 1935) is an American former college football player who was a quarterback for the Oregon Ducks. He was the most valuable player of the 1958 Rose Bowl, despite the fact that his team lost the game.

Oregon Ducks football
The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U.S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Big Ten Conference (B1G). Though now known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s.

The program first fielded a football team in 1894. Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene. The program has been one of the most successful programs in college football since the 2000s. Oregon has been known in recent years for their creative uniforms, helmets, and logo designs, facilitated by a close partnership with Nike, which was founded in Eugene, Oregon by then-student Phil Knight and his track coach, Bill Bowerman.
Yoshihito Sasaki
Yoshihito Sasaki (佐々木義人, Sasaki Yoshihito) is a retired Japanese professional wrestler, best known for his time with the Japanese professional wrestling promotions Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) and Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1).

Pro Wrestling Zero1
Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Japanese: プロレスリングZERO1, Hepburn: Puroresuringu Zerowan; stylized as PRO WRESTLING ZERO1), often referred to simply as Zero1 and sometimes referred to as Pro Wrestling Zero1 Catch as Catch Can (stylized as ZERO1 and PRO WRESTLING ZERO1 CATCH AS CATCH CAN, respectively), is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded in 2001.

Formerly known as Pro Wrestling Zero-One and Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max (stylized as Pro Wrestling ZERO-ONE and Pro Wrestling Zero1-MAX, respectively), it was affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 2001 until late 2004, and briefly reaffiliated in 2011. It was also affiliated with AWA Superstars of Wrestling (AWA) from 2005 until late 2007, the Global Professional Wrestling Alliance (GPWA) from 2006 to 2009, and was affiliated with the United Wrestling Network (UWN) from 2017 to 2022.
2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards
The 2010 Nigeria Entertainment Awards was the 5th edition of the ceremony and was held on 18 September 2010. The event took place at BMCC Tribeca Performing Art Center, New York City. Omawumi and Dagrin led the nomination list with 5 and 4 awards respectively.

Dagrin
Oladapo Olaitan Olaonipekun,Listenⓘ  also known as Dagrin (25 October 1984 – 22 April 2010), was a Nigerian rapper from Ogun, Nigeria. A film of his life entitled Ghetto Dreamz was produced in April 2011. He is recognized for paving the way for indigenous rap in Nigeria. He is widely considered one of the greatest Nigerian rappers of all time.
Lim Hooi Seong
Lim Hooi Seong (1 June 1901 – 13 February 1958) was a Chinese anthropologist and archaeologist who contributed significantly to the development of the studies of anthropology and ethnology in China. An expert in ethnic research, he was involved in the Academia Sinica during its founding and conducted studies on Taiwanese indigenous peoples and Malays throughout the 1930s. He was also an early alumnus of Xiamen University, being one of its earliest academicians, and founded the Museum of Anthropology of Xiamen University, the first anthropological museum in China.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he fled to the Straits Settlements and became the provost of Chung Ling High School, Malaya's premier Chinese high school. In his later life, he became a politician associated with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), becoming a member of the National People's Congress.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
21 cm Kanone 39
The 21 cm Kanone 39 (K 39) was a Czech-designed heavy gun used by the Germans in the Second World War. Two were built before the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939 and seized the rest of the guns and kept it in production for their own use, eventually building a total of 60 guns for themselves. They saw action in Operation Barbarossa, the siege of Odessa, siege of Leningrad and the siege of Sevastopol and were used on coast defence duties.

Siege of Odessa
The siege of Odessa, known to the Soviets as the defence of Odessa, lasted from 8 August until 16 October 1941, during the early phase of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Odessa was a port on the Black Sea in the Ukrainian SSR. On 22 June 1941, the Axis powers invaded the Soviet Union. In August, Odessa became a target of the Romanian 4th Army and elements of the German 11th Army. Due to the heavy resistance of the Soviet 9th Independent Army and the rapidly formed Separate Coastal Army, supported by the Black Sea Fleet, it took the Axis forces 73 days of siege and four assaults to take the city. Romanian forces suffered 93,000 casualties, against Red Army casualties estimated to be between 41,000 and 60,000.

It is considered to be the "greatest independent success of the war by any minor Axis power".
Eugene Amo-Dadzie
Eugene Amo-Dadzie (born 22 June 1992) is a British athlete who competes as a sprinter. He was a bronze medalist over 60 metres at the 2023 British Indoor Athletics Championships and the 2023 British Athletics Championships.

2023 British Athletics Championships
The 2023 British Athletics Championships was the national championships in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, which also served as a qualifying event for the 2023 World Athletics Championships. On 28 July, 51 British athletes were chosen for the World Championships.
Evelyn Bliss
Evelyn Bliss (born June 14, 2005) is an American javelin thrower at Bucknell University. She won the 2025 USA Championships and a silver medal at the 2025 University Games, and a bronze medal at the 2024 World Junior Championships.

2024 World Athletics U20 Championships
The 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships, also known colloquially by its former official title, the World Junior Championships, is an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 2005). The event is being staged in Lima, Peru from 27 to 31 August 2024. On 5 April 2023 it was announced that the city had initially withdrawn as a host of the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships due to "recent political instability, social unrest and natural disasters". However on 14 August 2023, Lima was reinstated as host city for the event as all the issues were stabilised.
Samantha Richards
Samantha Richards (born 24 February 1983) is an Australian basketball guard from Melbourne, Victoria who played her junior basketball in Nunawading.  She has played professionally in Australia for the WNBL's Dandenong Rangers, the Australian Institute of Sport, the Perth Lynx and the Bulleen Boomers.  She has also played professionally in Europe. Richards has been a member of the Australia women's national basketball team on the U19, U21, University and Senior teams.

Australian Institute of Sport (WNBL team)
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), known as AIS Pumas in the 1980s, competed in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) for 32 seasons. They were an inaugural team in the WNBL in 1981 and won a WNBL championship in the 1998–99 season.

After winning just eight games in four seasons, the team was withdrawn from the WNBL following the 2011–12 season. The withdrawal was coordinated with Basketball Australia, which sought to address the flagging depth in its female junior ranks.
Dallas Observer
Dallas Observer is a free digital and print publication based in Dallas, Texas. The Observer publishes daily online coverage of local news, restaurants, music, and arts, as well as longform narrative journalism. A weekly print issue circulates every Thursday. The Observer has been owned by Voice Media Group since January 2013. The Observer is a member of the Association of Alternative Newsmedia.

Association of Alternative Newsmedia
The Association of Alternative Newsmedia ("AAN Publishers") is a trade association of alternative weekly newspapers and other local publishers in North America. It provides services to many independently owned and operated publishers focused on local politics, investigations, arts, entertainment and nightlife coverage. AAN also operates AANWire.com, an aggregator of AAN Publisher content.
2022–23 Kategoria e Dytë
The 2022-23 Kategoria e Dytë was the 53td official season of the Albanian football third division since its establishment. There were 23 teams competing this season, split into 2 groups. The winners of the groups played the league's final against each other and also gained promotion to the 2023–24 Kategoria e Parë. Teams ranked from the 2nd to the 5th position qualified for the play-off round where the winners played against the 9th and 10th ranked teams in the 2022–23 Kategoria e Parë. Elbasani and Vora were promoted to the 2023–24 Kategoria e Parë. Vora won their third Kategoria e Dytë title after beating Elbasani in the final match.

Kategoria e Parë
Kategoria e Parë is the second tier of professional football in Albania, positioned below Kategoria Superiore and above Kategoria e Dytë.

Established in 1930, the league comprises 12 teams. The top two teams earn direct promotion to Kategoria Superiore, while the teams ranked 3rd to 6th enter a playoff tournament.

The winner faces the 8th-placed team from Kategoria Superiore in a promotion play-off match. At the other end of the table, the bottom two teams are relegated to Kategoria e Dytë, while the teams finishing 9th and 10th must compete in a relegation play-off to retain their spot in the league.
Gibraltar Medallion of Honour
The Gibraltar Medallion of Honour (GMH) is a civil award scheme established by the Government of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its creation was announced in July 2008 by Chief Minister of Gibraltar, Peter Caruana. It ranks below the Freedom of the City of Gibraltar.

Chief Minister of Gibraltar
The chief minister of Gibraltar is the head of His Majesty's Government of Gibraltar who is elected by the Gibraltar Parliament, and formally appointed by the governor of Gibraltar, representative of the British monarch. The incumbent chief minister is Fabian Picardo, since 9 December 2011, leader of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party.
Giuli Mandzhgaladze
Giuli Mandzhgaladze (Ukrainian: Гіулі Шотайович Манджгаладзе, Georgian: გიული "გია" მანჯგალაძე; born 9 September 1992), also spelled as Manjgaladze, is a Georgian and Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Samtredia in the Erovnuli Liga 2.

Erovnuli Liga 2
The Georgian Erovnuli Liga 2 (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა 2; lit. 'National League 2'), organized since 1990 by the GFF, serves as the second division of professional football in Georgia.

The league was introduced for the 2017 season under the current name as a part of reorganization process of the entire league system. It was formerly known as Pirveli liga (the First league).
Bob Livingston
Robert Linlithgow Livingston Jr. (born April 30, 1943) is an American lobbyist and politician who served as a U.S. representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999. A Republican, he was chosen as Newt Gingrich's successor as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a position he declined following revelations of an extramarital affair. He served as a U.S. representative from Louisiana from 1977 to 1999 and as the chairman of the Appropriations Committee from 1995 to 1999. During his final years in Congress, Livingston was a strong supporter of Bill Clinton's impeachment. He is currently a Washington, D.C.–based lobbyist. Livingston's memoir, The Windmill Chaser: Triumphs and Less in American Politics, was published in September 2018.

United States House Committee on Appropriations
The United States House Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives that is responsible for passing appropriation bills along with its Senate counterpart. The bills passed by the Appropriations Committee regulate expenditures of money by the government of the United States. As such, it is one of the most powerful committees, and its members are seen as influential.