hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Alvin Anderson
John Alvin Anderson (March 25, 1869 – June 26, 1948) was a Swedish-American photographer who spent most of his life in the United States. He is known for photographing Sioux people at the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota from 1885 until 1930. Many of his works are displayed at the Nebraska State Historical Society in Lincoln, Nebraska.

Rosebud Indian Reservation
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in South Dakota, United States. It is the home of the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe, who are Sicangu, a band of Lakota people. The Lakota name Sicangu Oyate translates as the "Burnt Thigh Nation", also known by the French term, the Brulé Sioux.

The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the Great Sioux Reservation, which was created by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). The Great Sioux Reservation had covered all of West River, South Dakota (the area west of the Missouri River), as well as part of northern Nebraska and eastern Montana. Since its founding, the Rosebud reservation has been reduced considerably in size, as has happened with the other Lakota and Dakota reservations. Now, it includes Todd County, South Dakota, and certain communities and lands in the four adjacent counties.
Polo shirt
A polo shirt, tennis shirt, golf shirt, or chukker shirt is a form of shirt with a collar. Polo shirts are usually short sleeved but can be long; they were used by polo players originally in British India in 1859 and in Great Britain during the 1920s.

Polo shirts are usually made of knitted cotton (rather than woven cloth), usually a piqué knit, or less commonly an interlock knit (the latter used frequently, though not exclusively, with pima cotton polos), or using other fibers such as silk, wool, synthetic fibers, or blends of natural and synthetic fibers. A dress-length version of the shirt is called a polo dress.

Piqué (weaving)
Piqué, or marcella, is a weaving style normally used with cotton yarn which is characterized by raised parallel cords or geometric designs in the fabric.  Piqué fabrics vary from semi-sheer dimity to heavy weight waffle cloth. Twilled cotton and corded cotton are close relatives.
2008–09 Montenegrin Cup
The 2008–09 Montenegrin Cup was the third season of the Montenegrin knockout football tournament. The winner of the tournament received a berth in the second qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League. The defending champions were Mogren, who beat Budućnost in the final of the 2007–08 competition. The competition featured 30 teams. It started on 17 September 2008 and ended with the final on 13 May 2009.

2009–10 UEFA Europa League
The 2009–10 UEFA Europa League was the first season of the UEFA Europa League, Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA. The competition was previously known as the UEFA Cup, which had been in existence for 38 years.

Spain's Atlético Madrid won the tournament for the first time, beating Fulham – who were playing in their first European final – at the Volksparkstadion, home ground of Hamburger SV, in Hamburg, Germany.

Shakhtar Donetsk were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual finalists Fulham in the round of 32.
Leonardo Costagliola
Leonardo Costagliola (Italian pronunciation: [leoˈnardo kostaʎˈʎɔːla]; 27 October 1921 – 7 March 2008) was an Italian football player and manager who played as a goalkeeper. Throughout his career, he played for several Italian clubs and represented the Italy national football team at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

1954 FIFA World Cup
The 1954 FIFA World Cup was the fifth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament for senior men's national teams of the nations affiliated to FIFA. It was held in Switzerland from 16 June to 4 July. Switzerland was selected as the host country in July 1946. At the tournament, several all-time records for goalscoring were set, including the highest average number of goals scored per game. The tournament was won by West Germany, who defeated tournament favourites Hungary 3–2 in the final for their first World Cup title. Uruguay, the defending champions, were eliminated by Hungary and would lose to Austria in the match for third place.

The highest scoring match of a men’s World Cup happened in the quarter-finals of this tournament, when Austria defeated hosts Switzerland 7–5. The 12 goals of that match have never been surpassed in a men’s World Cup since — the 2019 Women's World Cup saw the USA beat Thailand 13–0.
Camilo Mejía
Camilo Ernesto Mejía (born August 28, 1975) is a Nicaraguan who left the United States Army during the Iraq War on conscientious objector grounds, was convicted of desertion and went on to become an anti-war activist.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
Terror Inc.
Terror Inc. was an American comic-book horror series from Marvel Comics starring the antihero Terror, an eternal entity that absorbs the talents of others through their dismembered limbs. He was created by writers Dan Chichester and Margaret Clark and artist Klaus Janson and first appeared as the villain Shreck in St. George #2 (August 1988), from Marvel's Epic Comics imprint.

Epic Comics
Epic Comics (also known as the Epic Comics Group) was an imprint of American publishing company Marvel Comics, active from 1982 to 1996. A spin-off of the publisher's Epic Illustrated magazine, it published creator-owned work unconnected to Marvel's superhero universe, and without the restrictions of the Comics Code. The name was revived by Marvel in the mid-2000s for a short-lived program inviting new writers to pitch series proposals to the publisher.
Fred Wright (researcher)
George A. "Fred" Wright is an American engineer who is the Associate Laboratory Director and Principal Research Engineer of the Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory (CTISL) at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. In 2008, Wright founded a cyber security incubator, which led to the formation of CTISL in 2010. The Lab focuses on development and integration of security technologies into Government and industry enterprises. His research has focused in a variety of technical areas, including cyber security, electronic warfare, communications systems, signal processing, signals intelligence, and radar systems. Wright is also an adjunct professor of computer science at Georgia Institute of Technology.

GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory
The Cybersecurity, Information Protection, and Hardware Evaluation Research Laboratory (CIPHER) is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute. It was created on October 1, 2010 and focuses on cyber security. Along with the GTRI Information and Communications Laboratory, it is part of the Information and Cyber Sciences directorate. GTRI CIPHER is known for its commitment to Open Source Software It will feature existing business areas such as secure information systems and resilient command and control with emerging areas such as cyberwarfare. The laboratory will additionally be a part of the Georgia Tech Information Security Center.
Ida Ovmar
Ida Ovmar (born July 17, 1995) is a Swedish model and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe Sweden 2016 and represented Sweden at Miss Universe 2016.

Ovmar started her pageant career at the age of seventeen when she entered the stage of Miss World Sweden. She won Miss Bride of Sweden and traveled to China. The same year, 2014 she represented Sweden in Miss Supranational in Poland where she was in the top 20 and won the best body title.

During Miss Exclusive she was crowned as 1st runner-up. One year later she decided to compete for the first time in America, Miss Continents were held in Las Vegas June 2016. Ida Ovmar became the first woman outside the US to win the whole competition.

Miss Universe 2016
Miss Universe 2016 was the 65th Miss Universe pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on January 30, 2017. This was the second time that the pageant skipped a year, after Miss Universe 2014 was held in January 2015.

The winner, Iris Mittenaere of France was crowned by Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines. It was France's first win in sixty-three years, and its second overall win.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in the pageant. Steve Harvey was the host, and  plus-sized model Ashley Graham was the backstage host. American entertainers Flo Rida and Boyz II Men were the acts.
Cheikh Bentounès
Sheikh Bentounès born Khaled Bentounès is the current Sufi Master of the Alawiya (officially Shadhiliyah-Darqawiya-Alawiya) Sufi Tariqat which was founded by Sheikh Ahmad al-Alawi in Algeria in 1914. He was born in Mostaganem in 1949. He is the founder of the Muslim Scouts of France. He was a central influence in the works of Éric Geoffroy. He is initiator of the International Day of Living Together in Peace on 16 May every year. This day was unanimously declared by all 193 member states of the United Nations on 8 December 2017.

Ahmad al-Alawi
Ahmad al-Alawi (1869 – 14 July 1934), in full Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAlīwa, known as al-ʿAlāwī al-Mustaghānimī (Arabic: أبو العباس أحمد بن مصطفى بن عليوة المعروف بالعلاوي المستغانمي), was an Algerian Sufi Sheikh who founded his own Sufi order, called the Alawiyya.
Stephen E. Thorsett
Stephen Erik Thorsett (born December 3, 1964) is an American academic and astronomer serving as the president of Willamette University. His research interests include radio pulsars and gamma-ray bursts. He is known for measurements of the masses of neutron stars and for the use of binary pulsars to test the theory of general relativity. Thorsett was a professor and dean at the University of California, Santa Cruz, before becoming president of Willamette University in July 2011.

Willamette University
Willamette University is a private liberal arts college in Salem, Oregon. Founded in 1842, it is the oldest college in the Western United States. Originally named the Oregon Institute, the school was an unaffiliated outgrowth of the Methodist Mission. The name was changed to Wallamet University in 1852, followed by the current spelling in 1870. Willamette founded the first medical school and law school in the Pacific Northwest in the second half of the 19th century.

Approximately 2,400 students are enrolled at Willamette between its undergraduate and graduate programs. It has an additional campus in Portland, Oregon, which contains a graduate education center and the Pacific Northwest College of Art. The college is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division III Northwest Conference.
Sudanese Sovereignty Council (1965–1969)
The Third Sudanese Sovereignty Council (10 June 1965–25 May 1969) was the council that came after general parliamentary elections in 1965, the third in the history of Sudan, as it replaced the Second Sudanese Sovereignty Council, which was managing the country’s affairs for a transitional period after the overthrow of the rule of Lieutenant General Ibrahim Abboud. The Third Sovereignty Council consisted of five members, and its members were amended twice. The Chairman of the Sovereignty Council was Ismail al-Azhari. The Council was dissolved after Lieutenant General Jaafar al-Numeiri's 1969 coup against power, who in turn formed the Revolutionary Command Council, which replaced the Sovereignty Council.

Sudanese Sovereignty Council (1964–1965)
The Second Sudanese Sovereignty Council (3 December 1964–10 June 1965) emerged as a result of the October 1964 Revolution, a popular uprising against the military dictatorship of General Ibrahim Abboud.
Archenemy (film)
Archenemy is a 2020 independent superhero mystery-thriller film written and directed by Adam Egypt Mortimer based on a story Mortimer created with Lucas Passmore. Joe Manganiello, who also produced the film, stars in the lead role alongside Skylan Brooks, Paul Scheer, Glenn Howerton, Zolee Griggs, and Amy Seimetz.

Archenemy had its world premiere at Beyond Fest on October 7, 2020. The film was released on December 11, 2020 by RLJE Films.

Paul Scheer
Paul Christian Scheer (born January 31, 1976) is an American comedian, actor, filmmaker, and podcaster. Scheer is best known for his roles in FX/FXX's The League and Showtime's comedy series Black Monday. Scheer also co-created and starred in MTV's Human Giant and Adult Swim's series NTSF:SD:SUV::, and has had recurring roles on ABC's Fresh Off the Boat and HBO's Veep. He is also known for voicing Chip Whistler in Disney’s Big City Greens.

Away from his acting work, Scheer also co-hosts two film discussion podcasts: How Did This Get Made?, alongside his wife June Diane Raphael and longtime collaborator Jason Mantzoukas, and Unspooled with film critic Amy Nicholson.

Scheer is the author of a memoir, Joyful Recollections of Trauma, which was published by HarperCollins in May 2024, and became a New York Times Bestseller.
Acute severe asthma
Acute severe asthma, also known as status asthmaticus, is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators (inhalers) and corticosteroids. Asthma is caused by multiple genes, some having protective effect, with each gene having its own tendency to be influenced by the environment although a genetic link leading to acute severe asthma is still unknown. Symptoms include chest tightness, rapidly progressive dyspnea (shortness of breath), dry cough, use of accessory respiratory muscles, fast and/or labored breathing, and extreme wheezing. It is a life-threatening episode of airway obstruction and is considered a medical emergency. Complications include cardiac and/or respiratory arrest. The increasing prevalence of atopy and asthma remains unexplained but may be due to infection with respiratory viruses.

Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main classes of corticosteroids – glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids – are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

Some common naturally occurring steroid hormones are cortisol (C21H30O5), corticosterone (C21H30O4), cortisone (C21H28O5) and aldosterone (C21H28O5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone.
Chris Moon
Christopher Moon (born 1953), better known as Chris Moon, is a British-American music producer, recording engineer, and songwriter. He is best known for discovering Prince, helping him create his artistic name and style, and co-writing his early songs, most notably his first single "Soft and Wet".

Soft and Wet
"Soft and Wet" is a song performed by American musician Prince. It was his first solo single, released on June 7, 1978, his 20th birthday, from his debut album, For You. The track contains drums, synthesized and vocalized bass, and synthesizers. The lyrics were co-written by Chris Moon, the producer-songwriter-engineer who discovered Prince in Minneapolis. The song was released in Barbados, South Africa, and the United States by Warner Bros. Records. There also exists a promotional, not-for-sale version of the 7" vinyl single that contains both a mono version and stereo version of the song. The song peaked at 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 on November 25, 1978, after two weeks on the chart.

A disco mix of the song served as the B-side to a 12" single vinyl that also contained a disco mix of the Prince song "Just as Long as We're Together".
Stephan MacLeod
Stephan MacLeod is a Swiss bass and conductor focused on Baroque music in historically informed performance who has performed internationally. He was first bass of the Huelgas Ensemble for five years and took part in the complete recording of Bach's cantatas by Masaaki Suzuki and the Bach Collegium Japan as both a soloist and a choir member. He founded his own ensemble, Gli Angeli Genève, and has also been professor of singing at the Lausanne Conservatory.

Huelgas Ensemble
Huelgas Ensemble is a Belgian early music group formed by the Flemish conductor Paul Van Nevel in 1971. The group's performance and extensive discography focuses on Renaissance polyphony. The name of the ensemble refers to a manuscript of polyphonic music, the Codex Las Huelgas.

Van Nevel is noted for his style of performing many pieces with the singers and himself in a large circle, rotating, both in live performances (such as at the Rheingau Musik Festival where the pews had to be unbolted from the floor of the Basilika of Schloss Johannisberg in 2005), and in recordings around the microphone hovering above the center.

In 2009, after 8 years with Harmonia Mundi of Bernard Coutaz, the group returned to the Sony Classical Group which celebrated the occasion with the reissue of a 15CD reissue box.
Teijiro Tanikawa
Teijiro Tanikawa (谷川 禎次郎, Tanikawa Teijirō; 20 December 1932 – 13 May 2025) was a Japanese freestyle swimmer. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, and earned a silver medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team with teammates Toru Goto, Hiroshi Suzuki and Yoshihiro Hamaguchi. Tanikawa died on 13 May 2025, at the age of 92.

Hiroshi Suzuki (swimmer)
Hiroshi Suzuki (鈴木 弘, Suzuki Hiroshi; born September 18, 1933) is a retired Japanese freestyle swimmer. He competed in the 100 m and 4×200 m relay events at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and won two silver medals in 1952. In the 100 m event in the 1952 Olympics, Hiroshi actually posted an identical time to the eventual gold medal winner, Clarke Scholes of the US. Officials used a judges decision to award Clarke Scholes the gold medal and Hiroshi Suzuki the silver medal. He won gold medals in these two events at the 1954 Asian Games.
Frampton Forgets the Words
Frampton Forgets the Words is the eighteenth studio album by the English rock musician Peter Frampton (credited to the Peter Frampton Band). It was released by UMe on 23 April 2021. The album contains instrumental versions of some of Frampton's favourite songs by other artists. As a follow-up to his 2019 album of blues covers, All Blues, and farewell tour, and the 2020 publication of his autobiography, Do You Feel Like I Do?, the album continues Frampton's burst of work in response to being diagnosed with inclusion body myositis in 2014.

Universal Music Enterprises
Universal Music Enterprises (UME, stylized as UMe) is the catalogue division of Universal Music Group. It includes Hip-O Records, Universal Chronicles, and UM3 or UMC (which is the international division of the company). Under various divisions, it reissues many classic albums from the UMG back catalogue, and also various compilation albums, including series such as the 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection and Icon budget lines and the 2-disc Gold compilations. UMe also handles synchronization licenses for films, television and video games.
Midsommarkransen metro station
Midsommarkransen metro station is a station on the red line of the Stockholm metro, located in the district of Midsommarkransen. The station was opened on 5 April 1964 as part of the first stretch of the Red line, between T-Centralen and Fruängen. The distance to Slussen is 4.6 km (2.9 mi). This is the last underground station in line 14 heading in the west direction.

Fruängen metro station
Fruängen (lit. 'Lady's Meadow') is the terminus station on Line 14 of the Red line of the Stockholm Metro, located in the Fruängen district. The station opened on 5 April 1964 as the southern terminus of the first section of the Red line from T-Centralen. It is 8.1 km (5.0 mi) from Slussen.

With the station platform situated at 47 m (154 ft) above sea level, Fruängen is the highest metro station in the Stockholm Metro network.
Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine
The Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية الثورية لتحرير فلسطين Al-Jabhat ash-Sha'biyah at-Thawriyah li-Tahrir Filastin) (PRFLP) was a Palestinian militant group and part of the Rejectionist Front. It was formed in February 1972, following a split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), which had experienced internal political strife after the crackdowns on the Palestinian movements in Jordan after the conflict in Jordan known as Black September.

Other groups that split from the PFLP included the PFLP-General Command, Organization of Arab Palestine, and the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

Rejectionist Front
The Rejectionist Front (Arabic: جبهة الرفض) or Front of the Palestinian Forces Rejecting Solutions of Surrender (جبهة القوى الفلسطينية الرافضة للحلول الإستسلامية) was a political coalition formed in 1974 by radical Palestinian factions who rejected the Ten Point Program adopted by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in its 12th Palestinian National Congress (PNC) session.
Kim Doochul
Kim Doochul (Korean: 김두철; Hanja: 金斗哲; born August 8, 1948) is a South Korean theoretical physicist. He was head of the Department of Physics, director of the BK21 Physics Research Division, and professor emeritus at Seoul National University. He was also a fellow and chairperson in the Korean Academy of Science and Technology before becoming the fifth president of Korea Institute for Advanced Study and the second president of Institute for Basic Science. He was a standing trustee with the Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics and a board of Trustee member of the Korean Physical Society.

Korean Physical Society
The Korean Physical Society is a non-profit scientific society created to provide a forum for academic exchange among scholars and researchers in the field of Physics.

The organization, was founded in Busan in 1952 during the Korean War.  In 2020, membership levels were around 15,000.  Within the organization, there are twelve topic-specific divisions, including Particle and Field Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Astrophysics.

The society publishes several journals, including its flagship Journal of the Korean Physical Society, published by Springer Publishing.  The journal covers all fields of physics, ranging from statistical physics and condensed matter physics to particle physics.

The Korean Physical Society has Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) with several other scientific associations, including the Japan Society of Applied Physics and the American Physical Society.