hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zakaria Gageli
Zakaria Gageli or Zakaria of Gagi was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent and one of the commanders of Tamar's army during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. He was the ruler of feudal lands in the Kingdom of Georgia.

During a revolt of Tamar's disgraced husband in 1191, George the Rus, Zakaria, son of Vahram, was one of the few nobles who remained loyal to the Queen. Gracious to those who were loyal to her, Tamar bestowed Tavush, Parisos, Gardman and many towns, castles and villages to Zakaria, thus extending his possessions up to neighbouring Ganja. The centre of his realm was Gagi fortress, after of which this line of Mkhargrdzeli family became known as House of Gageli. In 1195 Zakaria participated in the Battle of Shamkor, where his horse was killed. In 1203 he participated in the Battle of Basian against Rum Sultanate.

Gagi Fortress
Gagi Fortress (Georgian: გაგის ციხე; also known as Aghjakala, meaning "white castle") is an 11th-century historic fortress in Marneuli Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia. The remnants of this fortress stand on the plain of the right bank of the lower Debedi river, near the village of Kushchi in the Marneuli municipality.


Historical records first mention the fortress in the 11th century. The Armenian historian Vardan, writing in the 13th century, attributes the construction of the fortress to Gagik I (990-1020), the King of Ani. However, the ruins suggest that the structure predates Gagik I, who likely undertook significant renovations rather than initial construction.
Bugisu sub-region
Bugisu sub-region is a sub-region in the Eastern Region of Uganda. In national statistics, it is one of the sub-region groupings used for census tabulation and planning. The sub-region lies on the western slopes and foothills of Mount Elgon along the Uganda–Kenya border.

Bugisu sub-region consists of the following districts:

Bududa District

Bulambuli District

Manafwa District

Mbale District

Namisindwa District

Sironko District

The sub-region is home mainly to the Gisu people, also called Bagisu, (singular is Mugisu). The Bagisu speak Lugisu, a dialect of Lumasaba, a Bantu language. Lugisu is very similar to the Bukusu language spoken of the Bukusu people of Kenya.

According to the 2002 national census, the Bugisu sub-region was home to an estimated 1 million people at that time.

Gisu people
The Gisu people, or Bamasaba people of Elgon, are a Bantu tribe and Bantu-speaking ethnic group of the Masaba people in eastern Uganda, closely related to the Bukusu people of Kenya. Bamasaba live mainly in the Mbale District of Uganda on the slopes of Mount Elgon. The Bagisu are estimated to be about 1,646,904 people making up 4.9% of the total population according to the 2014 National Census of Uganda.
Earth Similarity Index
The Earth Similarity Index (ESI) is a proposed characterization of how similar a planetary-mass object or natural satellite is to Earth.  It was designed to be a scale from zero to one, with Earth having a value of one; this is meant to simplify planet comparisons from large databases.

The scale has no quantitative meaning for habitability.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
Eitan Mor
Eitan Mor (Hebrew: איתן מור; born 30 May 2000) is an Israeli civilian who was abducted to the Gaza Strip during the October 7 attacks after being taken from the Nova music festival near Kibbutz Re’im. He was held in captivity for 738 days and was released on 13 October 2025 (Hoshana Rabbah) as part of the third hostage-release agreement.

Kidnapping of Rom Braslavski
Rom Braslavski (Hebrew: רום ברסלבסקי; born 4 December 2003) is an Israeli hostage who was abducted to the Gaza Strip by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad during the Nova music festival massacre on 7 October 2023 as part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and remained in captivity until his release on 13 October 2025 as part of the Gaza peace plan.

Braslavski worked as a security guard at the Nova music festival, where he rescued attendees and assisted the wounded before being taken captive by Hamas militants.
Lecanora microloba
Lecanora microloba is a species of crustose and areolate lichen in the family Lecanoraceae, formally described in 2010. This lichen is characterized by its distinctive flat areoles that either remain isolated or form small rosette-like structures, with minute lobed margins that give the species its name. Currently known only from two localities in the Polish Tatra Mountains and more recently reported from Ukraine, it grows specifically on mylonitized granite rock intrusions in the highest vegetation belt of the Carpathians. The lichen contains several chemical compounds including gyrophoric acid, usnic acid, and zeorin, which produce characteristic colour reactions in chemical spot tests. In its natural habitat, L. microloba grows alongside several other lichen species and serves as a host for the parasitic lichenicolous fungus Muellerella erratica.

Lecanora polytropa
Lecanora polytropa, the granite-speck rim lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. A small, inconspicuous species that grows in the cracks of rock surfaces, it has a cosmopolitan distribution and has been recorded on all continents, including Antarctica.
Maria Tran
Maria Tran (Vietnamese: Maria Trần, born January 30, 1985) is a Vietnamese-Australian actress, martial artist, producer, and director. She has appeared in the Australian comedy series Fat Pizza: Back in Business, Street Smart, as well as international productions like Fist of the Dragon (produced by Roger Corman), Death Mist and Tracer.

Tran has directed and starred in several independent action short films, including Hit Girls, Gaffe, Enter the Dojo, and Operation Kung Flu. In 2023, she portrayed "Madame Tien" in the Paramount+ television series Last King of the Cross. She also served as producer, director, and lead actor in Echo 8, a microbudget community-led action film.

She has won awards such as the Breakout Female Performer award at the International Action on Film Festival and the 2016 Female Action Performer of the Year at MartialCon.

Fat Pizza
Fat Pizza is a 2003 Australian comedy film based on the Pizza television series, both of which were created, produced, written and starred in by Paul Fenech. The film's story takes place between seasons two (episode "Desert Pizza") and three (episode "Brand New Pizza") of the television series. It features Rebel Wilson's first movie credit.

It was produced by Village Roadshow Pictures and SBS Independent (uncredited). It was filmed in the Canterbury-Bankstown region of Sydney, specifically Bass Hill and Chullora. Scenes were also filmed in the Hills District of Sydney, at Kellyville and Norwest Business Park. It was released by Roadshow Films on 10 April 2003 and made $2.1 million at the box office.
Knight of Wands
Knight of Wands or Knight of Batons is used in Latin-suited playing cards including tarot decks. It is part of what tarot card readers call the Minor Arcana. Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games.

In English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, Tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purposes.

Tarot card reading
Tarot card reading is a form of cartomancy whereby practitioners use tarot cards to purportedly gain insight into the past, present or future. The process typically begins with formulation of a question, followed by drawing and interpreting cards to uncover meaning. A traditional tarot deck consists of 78 cards, which can be split into two groups, the Major Arcana and Minor Arcana. French-suited playing cards can also be used; as can any card system with suits assigned to identifiable elements (e.g., air, earth, fire, water).
Maximum Security (horse)
Maximum Security (foaled May 14, 2016) is a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who was the 2019 Champion Three-Year-Old after winning the Florida Derby, Haskell Invitational, Bold Ruler Handicap, and Cigar Mile. Maximum Security crossed the finish line first in the 2019 Kentucky Derby, but was disqualified for interference.

As a four-year-old in 2020, he won the inaugural running of the Saudi Cup in January. In 2023 his trainer Jason Servis pleaded guilty to two charges related to the administration of performance-enhancing drugs to his stable and was sentenced to 48 months in prison. Maximum Security was administered a designer drug that was considered undetectable. He was transferred to the barn of Bob Baffert and returned to racing on July 25, when he won the San Diego Handicap, followed by a win in the Pacific Classic.

Haskell Stakes
The Haskell Stakes is a Grade I American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds run over a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles on the dirt held annually in July at Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey. The event is a signature event at Monmouth Park during their summer racing season and a major race for three-year-olds in between the U.S. Triple Crown series and the Breeders' Cup. The event currently offers a purse of US$1,000,000.
George Lloyd (bishop of Chester)
George Lloyd (1560– 1 August 1615) was born in Wales, and became Bishop of Sodor and Man, then Bishop of Chester. He is remembered for Bishop Lloyd's House in Chester, which he had built in the years before his death, and which is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.

Bishop of Chester
The Bishop of Chester is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Chester in the Province of York.

The diocese extends across most of the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, including the Wirral Peninsula and has its see in the City of Chester where the seat is located at the Cathedral Church of Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was formerly the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Werburgh, being elevated to cathedral status in 1541. The Bishop's residence is Bishop's House, Chester.

Cheshire previously held a bishopric from 1075 when the seat was at the collegiate church of St John the Baptist until 1102. The present diocese was formed in 1541 under King Henry VIII. Mark Tanner's election as Bishop of Chester was confirmed on 15 July 2020.
1993 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship, known as the 1993 FIFA/Coca-Cola World Youth Championship for sponsorship purposes, was the 9th edition FIFA World Youth Championship. U20 Brazil defeated Ghana, 2–1 for its third title. It took place across five cities in Australia. The tournament was originally to be held in Yugoslavia, but due to the Yugoslav Wars, was moved to Australia.

FIFA U-20 World Cup
The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship tournament for FIFA members' men's national teams with players under the age of 20. The competition has been staged every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1977 when it was hosted by Tunisia under the tournament name of FIFA World Youth Championship until 2005. In 2007 the name was changed to its present form. FIFA bills the men's Under-20 World Cup as "the tournament of tomorrow's superstars." Diego Maradona, Lionel Messi and Paul Pogba are previous winners of the official player of the tournament award, and Erling Haaland was the top scorer at the 2019 edition. The reigning champions are Morocco, which won their first title at the 2025 tournament in Chile.
2012 Will County Executive election
The 2012 Will County Executive election was held on November 6, 2012. Incumbent Democratic County Executive Larry Walsh ran for re-election to a third term. He was challenged in the Democratic primary by Leonard Thompson, a former state Department of Corrections employee, and won renomination with 68 percent of the vote. In the general election, Walsh was challenged by Republican Cory Singer, the President of the Will County Forest Preserve District.

Walsh campaigned on his record in attracting economic development to the county, pointing to G&W Electric's relocation to Bolingbrook. Singer attacked Walsh for failing to advocate for the county during the 2011 congressional districting, and for a lack of progress in establishing county autonomy over any airport constructed in Peotone. Walsh ultimately defeated Singer to win re-election with 54 percent of the vote.

Illinois Department of Corrections
The Illinois Department of Corrections (IDOC) is the code department of the Illinois state government that operates the adult state prison system. The IDOC is led by a director appointed by the Governor of Illinois, and its headquarters are in Springfield.

The IDOC was established in 1970, combining the state's prisons, juvenile centers, and parole services. The juvenile corrections system was split off into the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice on July 1, 2006.
Boyadzhik massacre
The Boyadzhik massacre (Bulgarian: Бояджишко клане) was the massacre of 145 Bulgarian civilians committed by irregular Ottoman troops in the Bulgarian village of Boyadzhik on and after 24 May [O.S. 11 May] 1876.

The massacre took place in the wake of the Bulgarian April Uprising, even though Boyadzhik did not participate in the insurrection and was located hundreds of kilometres away from the scene of any hostilities. The grandfather of the inventor of the first electronic digital computer, John Vincent Atanasoff, was among the victims.

John Vincent Atanasoff
John Vincent Atanasoff OCM (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist and inventor credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer. Atanasoff invented the first electronic digital computer in the 1930s at Iowa State College (now known as Iowa State University). Challenges to his claim were resolved in 1973 when the Honeywell v. Sperry Rand lawsuit ruled that Atanasoff was the inventor of the computer. His special-purpose machine has come to be called the Atanasoff–Berry Computer.
Oldham Borough F.C.
Oldham Borough F.C. was an English association football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club was founded in 1964 as Oldham Dew F.C., changing their name in 1985 to Oldham Town, again in 2009 to Oldham Boro before making their final name change in 2014.

They were members of Division One of the North West Counties League until resigning in June 2015.

North West Counties Football League
The North West Counties Football League is a football league in the North West of England. Since 2019–20, the league has covered the Isle of Man, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, Cumbria, northern Staffordshire, northern Shropshire, the far west of West Yorkshire, and the High Peak area of Derbyshire. In the past, the league has also hosted clubs from North Wales such as Caernarfon Town, Colwyn Bay, and Rhyl. From season 2018–19 the league increased to three divisions: the Premier Division, at level nine (Step 5 in the NLS) in the English football league system, and two geographically separate Division Ones, North and South, at level ten (Step 6 in the NLS). The league is a member of the Joint Liaison Council which administers the Northern arm of the National Football System in England.
Tourism in Chicago
Tourism in Chicago draws on the city's  architecture, museums, restaurants,  sports, parks and beaches, theater and wide variety of neighborhood attractions.

In 2017, Millennium Park alone saw 25 million  visitors, making it  the top tourist destination in  the Midwest and  among the top ten in the United States.

In 2023, Chicago saw 51.96 million tourist arrivals, and tourism expenditure  set a new record at $19.2 billion. Of these,  1.83 million were international visitors.

Prior to the  COVID-19 pandemic, tourist arrivals had peaked at 61.58 million people in 2019.

Theater in Chicago
Theater in Chicago describes not only theater performed in Chicago, Illinois, but also to the movement in Chicago that saw a number of small, meagerly funded companies grow to institutions of national and international significance. Chicago had long been a popular destination for touring productions, as well as original productions that transfer to Broadway and other cities. According to Variety editor Gordon Cox, beside New York City, Chicago has one of the most lively theater scenes in the United States. As many as 100 shows could be seen any given night from 200 companies as of 2018, some with national reputations and many in creative "storefront" theaters, demonstrating a vibrant theater scene "from the ground up". According to American Theatre magazine, Chicago's theater is "justly legendary".
Arizona State Route 66
State Route 66 (SR 66) is a surface road in the U.S. state of Arizona in Mohave, Coconino, and Yavapai Counties. In 1914, the road was designated as part of the National Old Trails Highway but in 1926 was re-designated as U.S. Route 66 (US 66). In 1985, US 66 was dropped from the highway system. Parts of the highway were either absorbed into Interstate 40 (I-40), turned over to the state (SR 66), or turned over to Yavapai County.

National Old Trails Road
National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and became part of the National Auto Trail system in the United States. It was 3,096 miles (4,983 km) long and stretched from Baltimore, Maryland (some old maps indicate New York City was the actual eastern terminus) to California. Much of the route follows the old National Road in the east and the Santa Fe Trail in the west. Following its decommission, the western portion was later integrated into U.S. Route 66.
Hooghalen
Hooghalen is a village in the municipality Midden-Drenthe, in the Dutch province Drenthe. In Drenthe it is also called  Hoal'n  or  Hoalen , but then people often mean the entire area, with the neighborhoods Laaghalen, Laaghalerveen and Oosthalen.

It is located on the flank of sandy soils, above a salt dome. The main attraction of Hooghalen is the Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork. Here the history is told of Westerbork Camp and the Jewish persecution in general. The former camp is located on the edge of the southern village Westerbork.

Westerbork transit camp
Camp Westerbork (Dutch: Kamp Westerbork, German: Durchgangslager Westerbork, Drents: Börker Kamp; Kamp Westerbörk), also known as Westerbork transit camp, was a Nazi transit camp in the province of Drenthe in the Northeastern Netherlands, during World War II. It was located in the municipality of Westerbork, current-day Midden-Drenthe. Camp Westerbork was used as a staging location for sending Jews, Sinti and Roma to concentration camps elsewhere.
Sohil Vaidya
Sohil Vaidya is an Indian writer and film director. He is winner of 70th National Film Awards and Grand Prix at Melbourne International Film Festival for his film Murmurs of the Jungle. He is recipient of DGA student Award for his USC thesis film Difficult People. His films have screened at festivals worldwide including Rotterdam,Chicago, Raindance, Melbourne, International Film Festival India, Palm Springs, Flickers Rhode Island International Film Festival, LA Asian Pacific etc.

Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival
The Los Angeles Asian Pacific Film Festival (LAAPFF) – formerly known as VC FilmFest – is an annual film festival presented by Visual Communications (VC).  It was established in 1983 by Linda Mabalot as a vehicle to promote Asian Pacific American and Asian international cinema. The festival fulfills a unique mission in illuminating the visions and voices of Asian Pacific peoples and heritage. The festival is held in Los Angeles in May, which is Asian Pacific American Heritage Month.

The festival is the largest in Southern California dedicated to showcasing films by and about Asians and Pacific Islanders. It presents about 150 films and mediaworks, including opening and closing night celebrations, a centerpiece presentation, panels, workshops, and special events.
Runingu
Runingu is one of the groupements (groupings) that constitute the Bafuliiru Chiefdom in the Uvira Territory of the South Kivu Province in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is situated near the border with Burundi, along National Highway 5, to the north of Butaho.

Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, chiefdoms (fr. chefferies) and sectors (fr. secteurs) are rural administrative divisions of territories (fr. territoires). They are further subdivided into groupings (fr. groupements) which themselves are divided into villages.  Chiefdoms and groupings are led by traditional leaders officially recognized by the government, whereas sector chiefs are appointed directly by the government.
Pseudicius gracilis
Pseudicius gracilis is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Pseudicius that lives in South Africa. The spider was first defined in 2011 by Charles Haddad and Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with an oval carapace between 1.9 and 2.2 mm (0.075 and 0.087 in) long and an ovoid abdomen that measures between 2.7 and 3.0 mm (0.11 and 0.12 in) long. The male and female are similar in size, shape and colouration. The carapace is dark brown with a black eye field and the abdomen is brown with a pattern of six patches that line the sides and two rounded spots to the back. It is almost indistinguishable from species in the genus Afraflacilla, particularly Afraflacilla elegans, Afraflacilla karinae and Afraflacilla zuluensis. It can be best differentiated by its copulatory organs, particularly the shape of the male tibial apo[apophyses, or appendages and the arrangement of pocket and openings on the female epigyne.

Spider vision
The eyes of spiders vary significantly in their structure, arrangement, and function. They usually have eight, each being a simple eye with a single lens rather than multiple units as in the compound eyes of insects. The specific arrangement and structure of the eyes is one of the features used in the identification and classification of different species, genera, and families. Most haplogynes have six eyes, although some have eight (Plectreuridae), four (e.g., Tetrablemma) or even two (most Caponiidae). In some cave species, there are no eyes at all (e.g. Stalita taenaria). Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in colour.