hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Photic retinopathy
Photic retinopathy is damage to the eye's retina, particularly the macula, from prolonged exposure to solar radiation or other bright light, e.g., lasers or arc welders. The term includes solar, laser, and welder's retinopathy and is synonymous with retinal phototoxicity. It usually occurs due to staring at the Sun, watching a solar eclipse, or viewing an ultraviolet, Illuminant D65, or other bright light.

Macula
The macula (/ˈmækjʊlə/), in full macula lutea, is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.

The anatomical macula, at a size of 5.5 mm (0.22 in), is much larger than the clinical macula, which, at a size of 1.5 mm (0.059 in), corresponds to the anatomical fovea.

The macula is responsible for the central, high-resolution, color vision that is possible in good light. This kind of vision is impaired if the macula is damaged, as in macular degeneration. The clinical macula is seen when viewed from the pupil, as in ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography.

The term macula lutea comes from Latin macula, "spot", and lutea, "yellow".
Levi Lewis (American football)
Levi Lewis (born May 9, 1998) is an American professional gridiron football quarterback for the Barcelona Dragons of the European League of Football (ELF).

Lewis played college football for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns and he is the school's leader in all-time passing touchdowns with 74. Lewis signed with the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2022 but was released prior to the season.

European League of Football
The European League of Football (ELF) is a professional American football league based in Europe, continuing some team names of the former NFL Europe. The ELF played its first season in 2021, and has 16 teams as of the 2025 season. Teams are located in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland with plans to expand.
Michael Pitt-Rivers
Major Michael Augustus Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers (27 May 1917 – December 1999) was a British military officer and landowner who gained notoriety in Britain in the 1950s when he was put on trial charged with buggery. This trial was instrumental in bringing public attention, and opposition, to the stringent laws against homosexual acts as they then stood.

Sodomy
Sodomy (/ˈsɒdəmi/), also called buggery in British English, principally refers to either anal sex (but occasionally also oral sex) between people, or any sexual activity between a human and another animal (bestiality). It may also mean any non-procreative sexual activity (including manual sex). Originally the term sodomy, which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Book of Genesis, was commonly restricted to homosexual anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized the behavior. In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are routinely not enforced. A person who practices sodomy is sometimes referred to as a sodomite, a pejorative term.
Yangtse Incident: The Story of H.M.S. Amethyst
Yangtse Incident: The Story of H.M.S. Amethyst (1957) is a British war film that tells the story of the British sloop HMS Amethyst caught up in the Chinese Civil War and involved in the 1949 Yangtze Incident. Directed by Michael Anderson, it stars Richard Todd, William Hartnell, and Akim Tamiroff.

It was based upon the book written by Lawrence Earl. The film was known in the US by the alternative titles Battle Hell, Escape of the Amethyst, Their Greatest Glory and Yangtze Incident. Non-English language titles include the direct German translation of Yangtse-Zwischenfall, and Commando sur le Yang-Tse in France. In Belgium it was known as Feu sur le Yangtse (French) and Vuur op de Yangtse (Flemish/Dutch), both meaning "Fire on the Yangtse".

The film was entered into the 1957 Cannes Film Festival.

Akim Tamiroff
Akim Mikhailovich Tamiroff (born Hovakim Tamiryants; October 29, 1899 – September 17, 1972) was an Armenian-American actor of film, stage, and television. One of the premier character actors of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tamiroff developed a prolific career despite his thick accent, appearing in at least 80 motion pictures over a span of 37 years.

He was nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in The General Died at Dawn (1936) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), winning the first ever Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for the latter. Orson Welles, a friend and oft-collaborator, praised him as "the greatest of all screen actors."
Phagu Chauhan
Phagu Chauhan (born 1 January 1948) is an Indian politician who served as the 20th Governor of Meghalaya. He previously served as the 29th Governor of Bihar. He is a former member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh from Ghosi, a seat he won a record six times, representing various parties like Lok Dal, Bahujan Samaj Party and Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ghosi, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency
Ghosi is an Assembly constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Ghosi in the Mau district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ghosi is one of five assembly segments under the Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 354 among 403 constituencies.

In 2022 the MLA was Dara Singh Chauhan of samajwadi party. He resigned and joined in Bharatiya Janata Party. The MLA Sudhakar Singh who won a by-poll in 2023 defeating Dara Singh Chauhan died on 20 November 2025.
Your Wardrobe
Your Wardrobe was a British television series which aired from 1949 to 1950. While there are virtually no references to the series online, it is notable as an early example of a fashion television series, and an early example of a BBC television programme aired at women. Featuring Margot Lovell and Mary Malcolm, topics varied in the series. Some episodes reflected the affluent nature of early TV set owners, such as an episode which looked into fur coats, while other episodes reflected the austerity of post-war-Britain, with a series of segments on inexpensive clothes which aired for several weeks in 1950.

It is unlikely that any of the episodes still exist, as the BBC rarely telerecorded shows prior to the mid-1950s.

Other early fashion television series included U.S. series And Everything Nice (1949-1950), Fashions on Parade (1948-1949), Hair Fashions (1932), along with U.K. series Clothes-Line (1937), and Vanity Fair (1939).

Vanity Fair (1939 TV series)
Vanity Fair was a British television series which aired during 1939 on the BBC. It was a series about fashion, and was hosted by Bettie Cameron Smail. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot.

One episode discussed a wardrobe assembled for £20. Another episode discussed the Paris trends in autumn fashions.

None of the episodes is known to still exist. They aired live, and methods used to record live television did not exist until late 1947, and were used very rarely by the BBC until the mid-1950s.
Banteay Samré
Banteay Samré (Khmer: បន្ទាយសំរែ [ɓɑntiəj sɑmrae]; "The Citadel of the Samré") is a temple at Angkor, Cambodia, located 400 metres to the east of the East Baray.   Built during the reign of Suryavarman II: 119  and Yasovarman II in the early 12th century, it is a Hindu temple in the Angkor Wat style.

Named after the Samré, an ancient people of Indochina, the temple uses the same materials as the Banteay Srei.

Banteay Samré was excellently restored by Maurice Glaize from 1936 until 1944. The design of its single ogival tower is immediately recognizable as Angkor Wat style along with other temples in the region such as Thommanon and Chau Say Tevoda. Due to this temple's similarity to some monuments of north-east Thailand, it has the appearance of a compact Phimai. While there are no inscriptions describing its foundation, it seems likely to have been built by a high official of the court during the reign of King Suryavarman II.

Banteay Srei
Banteay Srei (Khmer: បន្ទាយស្រី [ɓɑntiəj srəj]) is a 10th century CE Cambodian temple dedicated to the Hindu gods Shiva and Parvati. Located in the area of Angkor, it lies near the hill of Phnom Dei, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of the main group of temples that once belonged to the medieval capitals of Yaśodharapura and Angkor Thom. Banteay Srei is built largely of red sandstone, a medium that lends itself to the elaborate decorative wall carvings which are still observable today. The buildings themselves are miniature in scale, unusually so when measured by the standards of Angkorian construction. These factors have made the temple extremely popular with tourists, and have led to its being widely praised as the jewel of Khmer art.
Death of a Cheerleader (2019 film)
Death of a Cheerleader is a television film that aired on Lifetime on February 2, 2019 and starring Aubrey Peeples, Morgan Taylor Campbell, Sarah Dugdale, Madelyn Grace, MacKenzie Cardwell and Kellie Martin. The film is a remake of the 1994 television film A Friend to Die For, based on the murder of Kirsten Costas, and has Martin appearing in a different role than in the 1994 version.

Aubrey Peeples
Aubrey Shea Peeples (born November 27, 1993) is an American actor and singer. They are best known for portraying Layla Grant in the ABC drama series Nashville. They also led Carrie Brownstein's pilot Search & Destroy for Hulu based on her band Sleater-Kinney. Peeples played the lead role in the musical film Jem and the Holograms (2015). Their directorial and screenwriting debut, Decadeless, premiered at the Portland Oregon Women's Film Festival in 2019.
Vijay Superum Pournamiyum
Vijay Superum Pournamiyum (transl. Vijay Super and Pournami) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film, written and directed by Jis Joy, starring Asif Ali and Aishwarya Lekshmi, along with Balu Varghese, Siddique, Aju Varghese and Renji Panicker in supporting roles. It is a remake of the Telugu film Pelli Choopulu (2016) which itself is based on a true story. The film's musical score was composed by debutant Prince George. It was released on 11 January 2019 to positive reviews from the critics and the audience. The movie had a run of 100 days at Kerala box office and was one of successful film of 2019.

The film was produced by A. K. Sunil under the banner of New Surya Films. The film is the third collaboration of Jis Joy and Asif Ali, who earlier worked together in Bicycle Thieves and Sunday Holiday. The director had earlier said that it would be a small, message-driven film with elements suitable for a family audience.

Aju Varghese
Aju Kurian Varghese (born 11 January 1985) is an Indian actor, producer and singer who appears in Malayalam cinema. He made his debut in 2010 in Malarvadi Arts Club, directed by his collegemate Vineeth Sreenivasan. He has acted in more than 150 Malayalam films in a career spanning over a decade. He has been critically acclaimed for his comedic role in many films. He owns a production company named Funtastic Films along with actor Dhyan Sreenivasan and producer Visakh Subramaniam.
Karam Singh
Subedar and Honorary Captain Karam Singh, PVC, MM (15 September 1915 – 20 January 1993) was an Indian soldier and a recipient of the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest award for gallantry. Singh joined the army in 1941, and took part in the Burma Campaign of World War II, receiving the Military Medal for his actions during the Battle of the Admin Box in 1944. He also fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, and was awarded the PVC for his role in saving a forward post at Richhmar Gali, south of Tithwal. He was also one of the five soldiers chosen to raise the Indian flag for the first time after independence in 1947. Singh later rose to the rank of subedar, and was conferred the rank of honorary captain before his retirement in September 1969.

Battle of the Admin Box
The Battle of the Admin Box (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Ngakyedauk or the Battle of Sinzweya) took place on the southern front of the Burma campaign from 5 to 23 February 1944, in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II.

Japanese forces attempted a local counter-attack against an Allied offensive with the aim of drawing Allied reserves from the Central Front in Assam, where the Japanese were preparing their own major offensive. After initial setbacks, the Allies recovered to thwart the Japanese attack, pioneering the methods which would lead to further Allied victories over the following year.

The battle takes its name from the "administration area" of the Indian Army's 7th Division, which became a makeshift, rectangular defensive position for Major-General Frank Messervy and his staff after their divisional headquarters was overrun on 7 February.
O Priyotoma
"O Priyotoma" (Bengali:"ও প্রিয়তমা ") is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language duet song sung by Balam and Somnur Monir Konal and composed by Akassh from the 2023 soundtrack album Priyotoma of the film of the same name, starring Shakib Khan and Idhika Paul. The song is written by Asif Iqbal. The song was released on 27 June 2023. The music video for the song was released on the same day under the music label Tiger Media.

The song was released on 27 June 2023 as a second single from the soundtrack and fastest Bengali-language song to crossed 100 million views on YouTube. Also the first Bengali-language film song to ranked 35 on the Global Top Music Videos chart and 83 on the Global Top Songs chart. Balam made his comeback in playback after almost ten years with the song. For which Somnur Monir Konal won Babisas Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

Tiger Media
Tiger Media Limited; established in 2014 is a Bangladeshi film production, distribution company and music label. It specializes in film production, and distribution. Zahid Hasan Abhi is the owner of the film production and distribution company. He also owner of the film production and distribution company The Abhi Kathachitra.
Jack Teele
Jack Earl Teele (June 17, 1930 – September 14, 2017) was an American football executive and sportswriter. He served as an executive for thirty-one seasons in the National Football League (NFL), including twenty-one with the Los Angeles Rams and ten with the San Diego Chargers, as well as two in the World League of American Football (WLAF) with the Barcelona Dragons.

Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe)
The Barcelona Dragons were an American football team that was a part of the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. Their home field in Barcelona was the Estadi Olímpic de Montjuic, the 1992 Olympic Stadium, and later the Mini Estadi.

The Dragons were successful on the field, making it to 4 World Bowls (1991, 1997, 1999, 2001) and winning World Bowl V in 1997.
In Search of Eddie Riff
In Search of Eddie Riff is an album by British musician Andy Mackay, first released on Island Records in 1974.

The album was released during a brief hiatus from Roxy Music's recording schedule. A first version came out in 1974, with nine tracks, the lead single being a jazz cover of "Ride of the Valkyries". Later the album was re-released with a different track listing; this is the version that was issued on all other vinyl and cassette reissues of the album. Three songs were added to the new version - the B-side "Time Regained" (edited), the 1975 single "Wild Weekend", and the new cover "The Long and Winding Road" - and two songs were removed, "Summer Sun" and "Four Legged Friend". A CD version released in 1999 contains all the songs (although the "Time Regained" B-side was not restored to its full five-minute length) with the addition of three live rehearsal tracks.

Ride of the Valkyries
The Ride of the Valkyries (German: Walkürenritt or Ritt der Walküren) is the popular name of the prelude to the first scene of the third and last act of Die Walküre, the second of the four epic music dramas that constitute the operatic cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung), composed by Richard Wagner.

As a separate piece, the "Ride" is often heard in a purely instrumental version, which may be as short as three minutes. Together with the "Bridal Chorus" from Lohengrin, the "Ride of the Valkyries" is one of Wagner's best-known pieces.
Marshal of Gunsmoke
Marshal of Gunsmoke is a 1944 American Western film directed by Vernon Keays and written by William Lively. The film stars Tex Ritter, Russell Hayden, Fuzzy Knight, Jennifer Holt, Harry Woods and Herbert Rawlinson. The film was released on January 22, 1944, by Universal Pictures.

Fuzzy Knight
John Forrest "Fuzzy" Knight (May 9, 1901 – February 23, 1976) was an American film and television actor. He was also a singer, especially in his early career. He appeared in more than 180 films between 1928 and 1967, usually as a cowboy hero's comic sidekick.
Parya people
The Parya, also known as Parja or Laghmani are a small Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic community in Central Asia, found chiefly in parts of western Tajikistan and southern Uzbekistan with historical links to eastern Afghanistan. They speak the Parya language (ISO 639-3: paq), an Indo-Aryan tongue of the Central Zone, and maintain distinct local identity while showing extensive bilingualism and cultural contact with surrounding Tajik and Uzbek populations.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
Pressing On (Relient K song)
"Pressing On" is a song by the Christian rock band Relient K. It was released as the second single from their second studio album, The Anatomy of the Tongue in Cheek. The song was written by the band's lead singer Matt Thiessen.

Matt Thiessen
Matthew Arnold Thiessen (born August 12, 1980) is a Canadian-born American musician known for being the lead vocalist, pianist, guitarist, and primary songwriter for the rock band Relient K. With Relient K, he has released eight full-length albums, including three that were certified Gold, and three that peaked in the top twenty on the Billboard 200. Outside of his work with Relient K, Thiessen leads a side project called Matthew Thiessen and the Earthquakes, which released its debut album Wind Up Bird in 2018. In 2009, he co-produced and collaborated on Owl City's album Ocean Eyes.
SpåraKoff
SpåraKoff is a HM V type tram converted into a mobile bar in Helsinki, Finland. Known as the pub tram, the vehicle does circular tours of downtown Helsinki picking up passengers for a fee during summer months. It is operated jointly by Sinebrychoff, HOK-Elanto (part of the S Group), and Helsinki City Transport.

The pub tram is immediately distinguishable in the Helsinki traffic by its vivid red colour (as opposed to the normal colours, green and cream, used on the Helsinki tram network of the Helsinki City Transport), and by the destination board that reads "PUB".

It is one of the four HM V trams that remain operational in Helsinki. Two of them are museum trams, and one is used as a non-passenger carrying advertisement tram.

S Group
The S Group (Finnish: S-ryhmä, Swedish: S-gruppen) is a Finnish retailing cooperative organisation with its head office in Helsinki. Founded in 1904, it consists of 19 regional cooperatives operating all around Finland in addition to SOK, Suomen Osuuskauppojen Keskuskunta (The Central Finnish Cooperative Society). S Group operates in the markets for groceries, consumer durables, service station, hotel and restaurant services.  It is engaged in close competition with Kesko, with which it shares an oligopolistic position in many of the markets it operates in.

The group has businesses in Finland and Estonia. The S Group also had businesses in Latvia and Lithuania, but announced withdrawal from these markets in May 2017. It also withdrew from the Russian market in 2022.

The organisation's member (loyalty) card is called S-Etukortti.
Mat Erpelding
Mathew Erpelding (born January 10, 1975) is an American politician who served as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from the from 2012 until 2019. Erpelding also served as House Minority Leader from January 2017 until his December 2019 resignation.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
Dost Muhammad Rahimoon
Dost Muhammad Rahimoon (born 1 February 1976) is son of Jumoon Khan Rahimoon and Nephew of ex-minister Inaulyatullah Rahimoon. He is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from 2013 to 2018 and 2024 till date. Currently he is serving as Advisor to Chief Minister Sindh for Environment, Climate Change & Coastal Development Department.

Provincial Assembly of Sindh
The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the 
Sind Province of British India and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.
Frances C. Griscom
Frances Canby Griscom (19 April 1879 – March 30, 1973) was an American amateur golfer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. She won the 1900 U.S. Women's Amateur tournament that was held at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, Southampton, Long Island, New York.

Southampton, New York
Southampton, officially the Town of Southampton, is a town in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the town had a population of 69,036. Southampton is included in the stretch of shoreline prominently known as the Hamptons.

Stony Brook University has a campus in Southampton.
HSwMS Öland
HSwMS Öland was the lead ship of the two ship Öland-class of destroyers which served with the Royal Swedish Navy. Larger and more stable than previous Swedish destroyers, the vessel was launched on 15 December 1945. Armament was based around two twin mounting for semi-automatic 120 mm (4.7 in) guns, an extensive anti-aircraft defence of seven 40 mm (1.6 in) and eight 25 mm (1.0 in) guns and a quadruple 375 mm (15 in) anti-submarine rocket launcher, as well as torpedoes and mines. The ship was upgraded in 1960, which involved the addition of a Squid anti-submarine mortar amongst other alterations, and reclassified as a frigate in 1974, until ultimately being retired on 1 July 1978 as part of a strategy to remove larger combat vessels from the fleet.

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.