hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nkm wz. 38 FK
The nkm wz. 38 FK (Polish military acronym meaning heaviest machine gun pattern 1938) was a 20 mm heavy machine gun (autocannon by modern terminology) produced in inter-war Poland. It was used both in anti-air and anti-tank role and was also adapted for tank use and mounted on some TKS tankettes. Mass-produced since 1938, it was used extensively during the Polish Defensive War of 1939.

20 mm caliber
20 mm caliber is a specific size of popular autocannon ammunition. The dividing line between smaller-caliber weapons, commonly called "guns", from larger-caliber "cannons" (e.g. machine gun vs. autocannon), is conventionally taken to be the 20 mm round, the smallest caliber of autocannon. All 20 mm cartridges have an outside projectile (bullet) diameter and barrel bore diameter of approximately 0.787 inches (20.0 mm). These projectiles are typically 75 to 127 mm (3–5 in) long, cartridge cases are typically 75 to 152 mm (3–6 in) long, and most are shells, with an explosive payload and detonating fuze.

Weapons using this caliber range from anti-materiel rifles and anti-tank rifles to aircraft autocannons and anti-aircraft guns.
United States Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
The U.S. Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD, informally) is one of twelve subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations. It was formerly known as the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, the Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, but responsibility for Treasury and Judiciary funding was transferred to the Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government in 2007. The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations has joint jurisdiction with the United States House Committee on Appropriations over all appropriations bills in the United States Congress. Each committee has 12 matching subcommittees, each of which is tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills. This subcommittee has jurisdiction over the budget for the United States Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government. It administers federal housing and urban development laws. It is headed by the secretary of housing and urban development, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises.
Amitraz
Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by  the Boots Co. in England in 1969. Amitraz has been found to have an insect repellent effect, works as an insecticide and also as a pesticide synergist. Its effectiveness is traced back on alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibition of  monoamine oxidases and prostaglandin synthesis.  Therefore, it leads to overexcitation and consequently paralysis and death in insects. Because amitraz is less harmful to mammals, amitraz is among many other purposes best known as insecticide against mite- or tick-infestation of dogs. It is also widely used in the beekeeping industry as a control for the Varroa destructor mite, although there are reports of resistance.

Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. The major use of insecticides is in agriculture, but they are also used in home and garden settings, industrial buildings, for vector control, and control of insect parasites of animals and humans.

Acaricides, which kill mites and ticks, are not strictly insecticides, but are usually classified together with insecticides. Some insecticides (including common bug sprays) are effective against other non-insect arthropods as well, such as scorpions, spiders, etc. Insecticides are distinct from insect repellents, which repel but do not kill.
Keadby
Keadby is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Keadby with Althorpe, in the North Lincolnshire district, in the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated just off the A18, west of Scunthorpe, and on the west bank of the River Trent. The civil parish of Keadby with Althorpe had a population at the 2011 census of 1,930.

Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe (/ˈskʌnθɔːrp/) is an industrial town in Lincolnshire, England, and the county's third most populous settlement after Lincoln and Grimsby, with a population of 81,286 in 2021. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement of the North Lincolnshire district. Scunthorpe lies north of Lincoln and is between Grimsby to the east and Doncaster to the west, while Hull is to the north-east via the Humber Bridge.
Elpida Xylofagou
Elpida Xylofagou is a Cypriot football club based in the village of Xylofagou in Larnaca district. The club, which was established in 1959, currently competes in the Cypriot Second Division, after a successful campaign in the Cypriot Third Division, from which it gains the promotion.  Their colors are white and blue.

In recent years, the team has also regularly participated in the Cypriot Cup.

Cypriot Third Division
The Cypriot Third Division (Greek: Πρωτάθλημα Γ΄ Κατηγορίας) is the third highest football division of the Cypriot football league system.

Administered by the Cyprus Football Association, it is contested by 16 teams, with the top three teams being promoted to the Cypriot Second Division and the last three teams being relegated to the STOK Elite Division.
David Gallego
David Gallego Rodríguez (born 26 January 1972) is a Spanish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.

He played 10 La Liga games for Recreativo, and 97 in Segunda División for Córdoba and Terrassa, scoring 10 goals in the latter. He spent most of his career in Segunda División B.

As a manager, Gallego had two brief spells at Espanyol in the top flight, also leading Sporting Gijón and Ponferradina in the second division.

Recreativo de Huelva
Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈkluβ rekɾeaˈtiβo ðe ˈwelβa]) is a Spanish football club based in Huelva, Andalucia, Spain. Founded on 18 December 1889, they are the oldest football club in Spain, and currently play in Segunda Federación – Group 4, holding home games at Estadio Nuevo Colombino, which has a 21,670 seating-capacity.

Team colours are white shirts with blue vertical stripes and white shorts.
Oregon's 5th congressional district
Oregon's 5th congressional district stretches from the Southeast corner of Portland through the eastern half of the Willamette Valley and then reaches across the Cascades to take in Sisters and Bend. It includes a sliver of Multnomah County, the majority of Clackamas County, the rural eastern portion of Marion County, most of Linn County, a very small section of southwest Jefferson County, and the populated northwest portion of Deschutes County. It was significantly redrawn when Oregon gained a 6th congressional district after the 2020 census.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Janelle Bynum.

Following its creation after the 1980 census, the first five members to represent the district all got divorced while in office, a pattern that has brought the district to media attention.

Multnomah County, Oregon
Multnomah County /mʌltˈnoʊmə/ ⓘ is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 815,428. Multnomah County is part of the Portland metropolitan area. The state's smallest and most populous county, its county seat, Portland, is the state's most populous city.
Fan Wencheng
Fan Wencheng (Chinese: 范文程; pinyin: Fàn Wénchéng, courtesy name: Xiandou 憲斗, 1597–1666) was a Qing dynasty scholar-official, prime minister and grand secretary (Daxue Shi). His official career went through four generation of Qing dynasty emperors through Nurhaci, Hong Taiji, Shunzhi, and Kangxi. Many rules and regulations in the early days of the Qing dynasty were drafted by him.

Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty.

As leader of the Aisin-Gioro clan, Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of the Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who proclaimed the Qing dynasty in 1636. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script.
Ambrosden
Ambrosden is a village and civil parish in Cherwell, Oxfordshire, England, 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Bicester to which it is linked by the A41 road, and 13 miles (21 km) from Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,248. The parish is bounded by the River Ray to the south, its tributary the River Bure to the west, the outskirts of Bicester to the north and field boundaries to the east.

The village is 2 miles (3 km) east of Alchester Roman Town. Ambrosden has a Church of England parish church and a public house. Since the Second World War Ambrosden has housed British Army personnel stationed at St. George's Barracks, which is at Arncott about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) south of Ambrosden. The Ministry of Defence had many new houses built at Ambrosden in the early 1950s.

Alchester
Alchester is the site of an ancient Roman town. The site is not included in any ancient references; hence, the Roman name is not known. However, Eilert Ekwall contended that it appears as Alavna in the Ravenna Cosmography, with the addition of the Old English ceaster to signify a Roman fort. It lies about 2 miles (3 km) south of Bicester, in the northwest corner of the civil parish of Wendlebury in the English county of Oxfordshire.

Alchester had a strategic location in Roman Britain at a crossroads on the Silchester–Dorchester on Thames–Towcester road and the Cirencester–St Albans road (Akeman Street). Recent excavations have shown that it was the site of one of the earliest legionary fortresses in Roman Britain after the invasion of 43 AD.

The site has been the subject of investigation since 1996, firstly under the auspices of Oxford University Archaeological Society, then under those of the University of Leicester and the University of Edinburgh.
Oliver McMullan
Oliver McMullan (born 22 March 1952) is an Irish Sinn Féin politician, serving as a Causeway Coast and Glens councillor for The Glens DEA since 2019. He was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for East Antrim  from  2011 to 2017. He was also a Larne Borough Councillor, between May and November 2011.

The Glens (District Electoral Area)
The Glens is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Causeway Coast and Glens, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council and contains the wards of Ballycastle, Kinbane, Loughguile and Stranocum, Lurigethan and Torr Head and Rathlin. The Glens forms part of the North Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament and part of the East Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Moyle Area A which had existed since 1973, where it originally contained five wards (Armoy, Glenaan, Glenariff, Glendun and Glenshesk). For the 2014 local elections it also gained most of the abolished Ballycastle DEA and parts of the abolished Bushvale DEA.
Party of Progress (Germany)
The Party of Progress (German: Partei des Fortschritts, PdF), also known as Party of Progress – Free Parliamentary Alliance (PdF–FPA) is a political party in Germany founded in Cologne in 2020. While the party sees itself as being beyond the left–right political spectrum, it is classified as left-liberal by political scientists.

The PdF claims to be active throughout Germany. Joining the PdF is not tied to German nationality and, according to the party's statutes, is open to every resident of Germany and every EU citizen. In the 2024 European elections in Germany, it received 0.6% of the vote and entered the European Parliament with one Member of the European Parliament. In 2024, Luca Piwodda was elected as the mayor of Gartz (Oder). In May 2025, Tim Sieper became the mayor of Eckenroth after his father Michael stepped down due to issues concerning his health. With that, Sieper became Germany's youngest mayor to date at age 20.

2024 European Parliament election in Germany
The 2024 European Parliament election in Germany was held on 9 June 2024. It was the tenth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979, and the first European Parliament election after Brexit.

The election saw the CDU/CSU slightly increase its vote share, while all three parties comprising the government — the SPD, the Greens and the FDP — earned fewer votes than five years ago, with the Greens in particular suffering especially high losses. Conversely, the far-right AfD surged in both votes and seats, finishing second.

There was a stark regional disparity: The AfD won at least a plurality in all but six districts in former East Germany: Potsdam and Potsdam-Mittelmark in Brandenburg, the cities of Erfurt, Jena and Weimar as well as traditionally Catholic Eichsfeld in Thuringia. The newly formed left-populist party Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance also attracted a significant number of voters, with its support also being highest in the former East German states.
William Warner Bishop
William Warner Bishop (July 20, 1871 – February 19, 1955) was an American librarian who is credited and remembered for his work organizing and cataloging the Vatican Archives, his time served working with the American Library Association, as well as his support of academic libraries. He has the honor of being named one of the most influential librarians in American history.

Vatican Apostolic Archive
The Vatican Apostolic Archive (Latin: Archivum Apostolicum Vaticanum; Italian: Archivio Apostolico Vaticano), formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive (Latin: Archivum Secretum Vaticanum; Italian: Archivio Segreto Vaticano), is the central repository in the Vatican City of all acts promulgated by the Holy See.

The Pope, as the sovereign of Vatican City, owns the material held in the archive until his death or resignation, with ownership passing to his successor. The archive also contains state papers, correspondence, account books, and many other documents that the church has accumulated over the centuries.

Pope Paul V separated the Secret Archive from the Vatican Library, where scholars had some very limited access, and the archive remained closed altogether to outsiders until the late 19th century, when Pope Leo XIII opened the archive to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine some of its documents each year.
Postponed
Postponed (foaled 4 April 2011) is an Irish-bred, British-trained retired  Thoroughbred racehorse and breeding stallion. He won one minor race as a two-year-old before establishing himself as a useful middle-distance performer in the following year with wins in the Glasgow Stakes and the Great Voltigeur Stakes. In July 2015, he recorded his biggest victory in the King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes at Ascot Racecourse and followed up with a success in the Prix Foy. After a change of trainer he returned in 2016 to win the Dubai City of Gold, Dubai Sheema Classic, Coronation Cup and International Stakes. He was retired from racing in May 2017 having won 9 of his 20 races and earned nearly £5,000,000 in win and place prize money.

King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 211 yards (2,406 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is Britain's most prestigious open-age flat race, and its roll of honour features some of the most highly acclaimed horses of the sport's recent history. The 1975 running, which involved a hard-fought battle to the finish between Grundy and Bustino, is frequently described as the "race of the century". Many of its winners subsequently compete in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, and a number go on to have a successful career at stud. The race is often informally referred to as the "King George".
Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
Russia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "I Won't Break" written by Netta Nimrodi, Leonid Gutkin and Arie Burshtein. The song was performed by Julia Samoylova, who was internally selected by the Russian broadcaster Channel One Russia to represent the nation at the 2018 contest in Lisbon, Portugal.

Channel One (Russia)
Channel One (Russian: Первый канал, romanized: Pervý kanal, IPA: [ˈpʲervɨj kɐˈnal], lit. 'First Channel') is a Russian federal television channel. Its headquarters are located at Ostankino Technical Center near the Ostankino Tower in Moscow. The majority of its shares are owned or indirectly controlled by the state.

It was created by decree of Russian president Boris Yeltsin to replace Ostankino Television Channel One, which in turn replaced Programme One in 1991. From April 1995 to September 2002, the channel was known as Public Russian Television (Russian: Общественное Российское Телевидение, romanized: Obshchestvennoye Rossiyskoye Televideniye, ORT [oˈɛrˈtɛ]). The main news programmes are Vremya and Novosti.

Channel One's main competitors are the Russia-1, NTV, 5TV and TV Centre channels. The channel has 2,443 employees as of 2019.
2023 United Cup
The 2023 United Cup was the first edition of the United Cup, an international outdoor hard court mixed-gender team tennis competition held by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). Serving as the opener for the 2023 ATP Tour and the 2023 WTA Tour, it was held from 29 December 2022 to 8 January 2023 at three venues in the Australian cities of Brisbane, Perth, and Sydney. It was also the first mixed-gender team event to offer both ATP rankings and WTA rankings points to its players: a player was able to win a maximum of 500 points.

Team United States defeated team Italy in the finals, 4–0, to capture the inaugural 2023 United Cup. Tem United States swept team Poland in the semifinals while team Italy lost one match in their defeat of team Greece.

United Cup
The United Cup is an international hard court tennis competition featuring mixed-gender teams from 18 countries. The first event was held in December 2022 into January 2023. The event is played across multiple Australian cities over 11 days in the leadup to the Australian Open.
Induction coil
An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Rühmkorff) is a type of transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.  To create the flux changes necessary to induce voltage in the secondary coil, the direct current in the primary coil is repeatedly interrupted by a vibrating mechanical contact called an interrupter.  Invented in 1836 by the Irish-Catholic priest Nicholas Callan, also independently by American inventor Charles Grafton Page, the induction coil was the first type of transformer.  It was widely used in x-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters, arc lighting and quack medical electrotherapy devices from the 1880s to the 1920s.  Today its only common use is as the ignition coils in internal combustion engines and in physics education to demonstrate induction.

Ignition coil
An ignition coil is used in the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine to transform the battery voltage to the much higher voltages required to operate the spark plug(s). The spark plugs then use this burst of high-voltage electricity to ignite the air-fuel mixture.

The ignition coil is constructed of two sets of coils wound around an iron core. Older engines often use a single ignition coil which has its output directed to each cylinder by a distributor, a design which is still used by various small engines (such as lawnmower engines). Modern car engines often use a distributor-less system (such as coil-on-plug), whereby every cylinder has its own ignition coil.

Diesel engines use compression ignition and therefore do not have ignition coils.
900 South station
900 South is a light rail station in Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States, served by all three lines of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper. The Red Line provides service from the University of Utah to the Daybreak community of South Jordan. The Green Line provides service from the Salt Lake City International Airport to West Valley City (via Downtown Salt Lake City). The station opened on September 19, 2005, and is operated by the Utah Transit Authority. 900 South is notable for being the first infill station constructed along an existing line of the TRAX system.

Utah Transit Authority
The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) is a special service district responsible for providing public transportation throughout the Wasatch Front of Utah, in the United States, which includes the metropolitan areas of Ogden, Park City, Provo, Salt Lake City and Tooele. It operates fixed route buses, flex route buses, express buses, ski buses, three light rail lines in Salt Lake County (TRAX), a streetcar line in Salt Lake City (the S-Line), and a commuter rail train (FrontRunner) from Ogden through Salt Lake City to Provo. UTA is headquartered in Salt Lake City with operations and garages in locations throughout the Wasatch Front, including Ogden, Midvale and Orem. Light rail vehicles are stored and maintained at yards at locations in South Salt Lake and Midvale. UTA's commuter rail equipment is stored and serviced at a facility in Salt Lake City. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 40,473,200, or about 133,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Johnny Peirson
John Frederick Peirson (July 21, 1925 – April 16, 2021) was a Canadian professional ice hockey winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Boston Bruins from 1946 to 1958. After retiring he became a commentator for the Bruins, serving in that role for more than two decades.

Peirson played one season of university hockey with the McGill Redmen and was part of their Queen's Cup-winning side in 1946.  He was signed by the Boston Bruins and played for two of their minor league affiliates until 1947 when he made his NHL debut.  After spending eight seasons with the organization and making two All-Star appearances and the 1953 Stanley Cup Finals, he briefly retired in 1954 before returning the following year.  He went on to play three more seasons and reached two more Stanley Cup Finals before retiring for good in 1958.

1953 Stanley Cup Final
The 1953 Stanley Cup Final was contested by the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens. The Bruins were appearing in the Final for the first time since 1946. The Canadiens, who were appearing in their third straight Finals series, won the series four games to one to clinch their seventh championship.