hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paraebius
In Greek mythology, Paraebius (Ancient Greek: Παραίβιος, romanized: Paraíbios) is a Thracian man, a subject of king Phineus of Salmydessus. For years Paraebius suffered greatly due to an injustice committed by his father against a hamadryad nymph, until advice from Phineus led him to salvation. After that, Paraebius became one of Phineus' most loyal and devoted servants. The story of Paraebius is preserved in the second-century BC epic Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes, in which Jason and the Argonauts reach Thrace and meet Paraebius and the other Thracian people.

Jason
Jason (/ˈdʒeɪ.sən/ JAY-sən; Ancient Greek: Ἰάσων, romanized: Iásōn [i.ǎːsɔːn]) was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece is featured in Greek literature. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea, the granddaughter of the sungod Helios.

Jason appeared in various literary works in the classical world of Greece and Rome, including the epic poem Argonautica and the tragedy Medea. In the modern world, Jason has emerged as a character in various adaptations of his myths, such as the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts and the 2000 TV miniseries of the same name.
Gradient boosting
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the data, which are typically simple decision trees. When a decision tree is the weak learner, the resulting algorithm is called gradient-boosted trees; it usually outperforms random forest. As with other boosting methods, a gradient-boosted trees model is built in stages, but it generalizes the other methods by allowing optimization of an arbitrary differentiable loss function.

Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals.
In econometrics, "errors" are also called disturbances.
Ye Jizhuang
Ye Jizhuang (Chinese: 叶季壮; Wade–Giles: Yeh Chi-chuang; 1893–1967) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician nicknamed the "Red Manager". He served as the logistics head of the Red Army during the Long March and of the Yan'an Communist headquarters during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1945, he was among the first three officers awarded the rank of lieutenant general by the Chinese Communist Party, together with Peng Zhen and Chen Yun. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he served as the country's first Minister of Trade and then Minister of Foreign Trade until his death in 1967.

Peng Zhen
Peng Zhen (pronounced [pʰə̌ŋ ʈʂə́n]; October 12, 1902 – April 26, 1997) was a Chinese politician and leading member of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the party organization in Beijing following the victory of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution for opposing Mao's views on the role of literature in relation to the state. He was rehabilitated under Deng Xiaoping in 1982 along with other 'wrongly accused' officials, and became the inaugural head of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission.
Abdul Qavi Desnavi
Abdul Qavi Desnavi (1 November 1930 –  7 July 2011) was an Indian Urdu language writer, critic, bibliographer and linguist. He wrote many books on Urdu literature. His works included about Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Mirza Ghalib and Allama Muhammad Iqbal. He was awarded with several awards for his literary works.

Ghalib
Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan (27 December 1797 – 15 February 1869), commonly known as Mirza Ghalib, was an Indian poet and letter writer of the Mughal Empire. Writing in Persian and Urdu during the final years of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British colonial rule, his poetry often addressed themes of love, loss, philosophy, the human condition, and socio-political disturbances with a depth and complexity that influenced the literary traditions of his time. His ghazals, noted for their intricate imagery and layered meanings, form a significant part of Urdu literature. He spent most of his life in poverty.

He wrote in both Urdu and Persian. Although his Persian Divan (body of work) is at least five times longer than his Urdu Divan, his fame rests on his poetry in Urdu. Today, Ghalib remains popular not only in South Asia, but also among the South Asian diaspora.
19th-century turnpikes in Rhode Island
The following turnpikes were chartered and built in Rhode Island:

West Glocester Turnpike 1794

Providence and Norwich Turnpike 1794

Rhode Island and Connecticut Turnpike 1803

Glocester Turnpike 1804

Providence and Douglass Turnpike 1805

Rhode Island Turnpike 1805

Loisquisset Turnpike 1806

Providence and Pawtucket Turnpike 1807

Farnum and Providence Turnpike 1808

Woonasquatucket Turnpike 1810

Powder Mill Turnpike 1810

Natick Turnpike 1812

Valley Falls Turnpike 1813

Foster and Scituate Turnpike 1813

Foster and Scituate Central Turnpike 1813

Coventry and Cranston Turnpike

Providence and Pawcatuck Turnpike 1816

Hopkinton and Richmond Turnpike 1820

Smithfield Turnpike 1823

Pawtuxet Turnpike 1825

Mineral Spring Turnpike 1825

Pawtucket and Providence East Turnpike 1825

Fall River and Watupper Turnpike 1827 (became within Massachusetts after a border change in 1861)

Stone Bridge and Fall River Turnpike 1838

Rhode Island Route 114
Route 114 is a 45.7-mile-long (73.5 km) numbered state highway in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It connects the city of Newport to the city of Woonsocket. Route 114 was a major north–south artery for its entire length until the arrival of the Interstate Highway System. It is still a major commercial corridor on Aquidneck Island and in northern Rhode Island (mainly Central Falls, Cumberland, and Woonsocket).
Pallisa General Hospital
Pallisa General Hospital, also Pallisa Hospital, is a hospital in Pallisa Town, Pallisa District, in the Eastern Region of Uganda. It is a public hospital, owned by the Ugandan Government and is administered by Pallisa District Local Government.

Politics of Uganda
The politics of Uganda occurs in an authoritarian context. Since assuming office in 1986 at the end of the Ugandan civil war, Yoweri Museveni has ruled Uganda as a dictator. Political parties were banned from 1986 to 2006 in the wake of the 2005 Ugandan multi-party referendum which was won by pro-democracy forces. Since 2006, Museveni has used legal means, patronage, and violence to maintain power.

Under the Ugandan constitution, Uganda is a presidential republic in which the President is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government business. There is a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is given to both the government and the National Assembly. The system is based on a democratic parliamentary system with equal rights for all citizens over 18 years of age.
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Uganda a "hybrid regime" in 2022.
Tadeusz Pikus
Tadeusz Pikus (born 1 September 1949 in Zabiele, Mońki County) is a Polish Roman Catholic prelate who was bishop of Drohiczyn from 2014 to 2019. He was previously auxiliary bishop of Warsaw from 1999 to 2014.

Archdiocese of Warsaw
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Warsaw (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Varsaviensis, Polish: Archidiecezja Metropolita Warszawska) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Poland encompassing the Polish capital. It was erected on October 16, 1798 and was elevated to an Archdiocese on June 30, 1818.

A Metropolitan See, its suffragan dioceses are the Roman Catholic Diocese of Płock and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga. According to the archdiocese's statistics, 30.4% of its population attended a church weekly in 2013. That is higher than a year earlier (29.8%) but church attendance may still be declining.
Sumpia
Sumpia (Javanese: ꦱꦸꦤ꧀ꦥꦶꦪꦃ, romanized: sunpiyah) is Indonesian traditional lumpia spring roll with much drier and smaller shape. Its diameter is about the same as human finger. Just like another Indonesian lumpia, sumpia consists of prawn floss as filling in a lumpia wrapper, spiced with coriander, lemon leaf, garlic and shallot.

In Indonesia, the most common filling for sumpia is ebi or dried shrimp floss.

Spring roll
Spring rolls are rolled appetizers or dim sum commonly found in Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai and Southeast Asian cuisines. The kind of wrapper, fillings, and cooking technique used, as well as the name, vary considerably depending on the region's culture, though they are generally filled with vegetables and ground beef or pork.
Asmodeus
Asmodeus (/ˌæzməˈdiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσμοδαῖος, Asmodaios) or Ashmedai (/ˈæʃmɪˌdaɪ/; Hebrew: אַשְמְדּאָי, romanized: ʾAšmədāy; Arabic: آشماداي; see below for other variations) is a king of demons in the legends of Solomon and the constructing of Solomon's Temple.

He is featured variously in Talmudic stories where he is the king of the shedim. The Quran refers to a "puppet" in the Story of Solomon in Surah Ṣād verses 30-40, which is according to the mufassirūn (authorized exegetes of the Quran) referring to the demon-king Asmodeus (Sakhr).

In Christianity, Asmodeus is mostly known from the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit. He is the primary antagonist and disrupts the marriages of Sarah. Peter Binsfeld classifies Asmodeus as the "demon of lust".

Surah Sad
Surah Ṣad (Arabic: ص, Ṣād; "The Letter Sad") is the 38th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 88 verses (āyāt) and 1 sajdah ۩ (38:24). Sad (ص ) is the name of the eighteenth letter in the Arabic alphabet.

According to the traditional Islamic narrative, the surah was sent to Muhammad SAW by Allah while he was coping with rejection from his tribe, the Quraysh. It recounts stories of previous prophets, describes the splendors of heaven, and warns of the monstrosities of hell.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation  (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, rather than later in Medina. The surah dates to the 2nd Meccan Period, meaning it was revealed only five or six years into the development of Islam.
2013 WSA World Tour
The WSA World Tour 2013 is the international squash tour and organized circuit, organized by the Women's Squash Association (WSA) for the 2013 squash season. The most important tournament in the series is the World Open held in Penang in Malaysia in March 2014. The tour features three categories of regular events, the World Series, which features the highest prize money and the best fields, Gold and Silver tournaments.

Women's Squash Association
The Women's Squash Association (WSA) was the governing body for the women's professional squash circuit between 2011 and 2014. It was based in London, England. The body operated in a similar fashion to the WTA for tennis. The WSA World Tour involved over 100 tournaments annually all over the globe. Over 250 players were registered with the WSA and rankings were updated monthly based on players' performances. In November 2014, the WSA and the PSA announced a historic merger between the two associations.[3] A decision was reached that will see the PSA operate as the governing body for both the women's and men's ranks from January 1, 2015.
Ruthless Records
Ruthless Records was an American record label founded by Eric "Eazy-E" Wright in Compton, California on March 3, 1987. All of the Ruthless trademarks have been owned by Comptown Records, Inc. since 1987. Several artists and groups on the label such as N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, the D.O.C., Michel'le, and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony have released RIAA certified albums.

Compton, California
Compton is a city located in the Gateway Cities region of southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county, and on May 11, 1888, was the eighth city in Los Angeles County to incorporate. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 95,740. It is known as the "Hub City" due to its geographic centrality in Los Angeles County, though it is actually near the southern end of the county. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, downtown Compton, and Richland Farms.
Nikolaj Memola
Nikolaj Memola (born 18 November 2003) is an Italian figure skater. He is the 2025 European silver medalist, the 2023 World University Games bronze medalist, a five-time ISU Challenger Series medalist, and the 2024 Italian national champion.

Memola is also the 2022–23 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix medalist (including gold at the 2022 JGP Latvia), and has placed in the top ten finisher at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics and the 2022 and 2023 World Junior Figure Skating Championships.

2022 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2022 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was held from April 13–17, 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia. Figure skaters competed for the title of junior world champion in men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition determined the entry quotas for each federation during the 2022–23 ISU Junior Grand Prix series and at the 2023 World Junior Championships.

The competition was originally scheduled to be held in Sofia, Bulgaria from March 7–13, 2022. On February 27, the ISU announced that in light of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the event would be unable to be held as scheduled in Bulgaria. Tallinn was announced as the host for the newly scheduled dates on March 4. The city previously had previously hosted the event twice, in 2015 and 2020.
James Deshler
James Deshler (February 18, 1833 – September 20, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and a graduate of West Point who later joined the Confederate States Army. During the American Civil War he fought at Cheat Mountain, Camp Allegheny, Arkansas Post, and Chickamauga. He was appointed a Confederate brigadier general but died on the field of battle with his promotion remaining unconfirmed.

Battle of Camp Allegheny
The Battle of Camp Allegheny, also known as the Battle of Allegheny Mountain, took place on December 13, 1861, in Pocahontas County, Virginia (now West Virginia), about 3 miles from the mountainous border of Highland County, Virginia, as part of the Operations in Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War.  The battle was a small brigade-level conflict, and while the Confederates technically won with a Union withdrawal, it was considered militarily indecisive.  However, it had critical implications for the future border of Virginia and West Virginia, ensuring Highland County remained in Confederate hands and would not be involved in the formation of the future state of West Virginia.
2012 Orlando Predators season
The 2012 Orlando Predators season was the 21st season for the franchise in the Arena Football League. The team was coached by Bret Munsey and played their home games at Amway Center. Finishing with a 4–14 record, the Predators missed the playoffs for the first time since their inaugural season in 1991, snapping a streak of 19 consecutive playoff appearances.

2012 Arena Football League season
The 2012 Arena Football League season was the 25th season in the history of the league. The regular season began on March 9, 2012 with a game between the Pittsburgh Power and the Orlando Predators and ended on July 22, 2012, with a game between the Utah Blaze and Philadelphia Soul. The Arizona Rattlers defeated the Philadelphia Soul by a 72–54 score in ArenaBowl XXV on August 10, 2012, to conclude the playoffs.
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (/ˈmɒmzən/; German: [ˈteːodoːɐ̯ ˈmɔmzn̩] ⓘ; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century.  He received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical writings, including The History of Rome, after having been nominated by 18 members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
Greg Beeman
Greg Beeman (born 1962 in Honolulu, Hawaii) is an American film and television director and producer and winner of the Directors Guild of America award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement.

He is known for his work on the television series JAG, Smallville, and Heroes. Beeman worked on the TNT apocalyptic/science-fiction series Falling Skies, as executive producer and main director.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital
Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital (HSAH), formerly known as Hospital Sungai Petani, is a government-funded rural general hospital situated in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. It is a 498-bed hospital which provides secondary and tertiary specialist services.

The hospital, costing US$150 million, is one of the most high-tech hospitals in northern Peninsular Malaysia with Total Hospital Information System. The Sultan Abdul Halim Hospital was handed over by the Public Works Department to the Health Ministry on 23 July 2006.

The hospital provides laparoscopic gynaecology operations. It is a recognised training center for gynaecologists in this field. It is also a center for thoracic surgery for the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. This hospital is a training hospital for Sungai Petani Nursing College and AIMST University.

The hospital is named after Kedah's former Sultan, Sultan Abdul Halim.

AIMST University
Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University) is a non-profit private university in Malaysia. It was established under the Maju Institute of Education Development (MIED), a non-profit organisation. The university was built by Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) to provide tertiary education, particularly to Malaysian Indian students in the medical, science and engineering fields and business management. AIMST offers more than 32 degree programmes at the foundation, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels.
Anna Arnold Hedgeman
Anna Arnold Hedgeman (July 5, 1899 – January 17, 1990) was an African-American civil rights leader, politician, educator, and writer. Under President Harry Truman, Hedgeman served as executive director of the National Council for a Permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission, having worked on his presidential campaign. She was also appointed to New York City mayor Robert Wagner's cabinet, becoming the first African-American woman to hold a cabinet post in New York. Hedgeman was a major advocate for both minorities and the poor in New York City. She also served as a consultant for many companies and entities on racial issues, and late in life founded Hedgeman Consultant Services. She was among the organizers of the 1963 March on Washington. During her years in the civil rights movement, she befriended Dorothy Height.

Robert F. Wagner Jr.
Robert Ferdinand Wagner II (April 20, 1910 – February 12, 1991) was an American diplomat and politician who served three terms as mayor of New York City, from 1954 to 1965. When running for his third term, he broke with the Tammany Hall leadership, ending the clubhouse's reign in city politics. He also served as United States Ambassador to Spain and in a number of other offices.
Hilton Glasgow
The Hilton Glasgow is a 20-story hotel in Glasgow, Scotland. It is located in Anderston, 8 miles (13 kilometres) from Glasgow Airport, on the edge of the city centre, and close to the M8 Motorway.  It opened on 30 November 1992, marking the first international hotel to open in the city, and is credited as being "first true five-star hotel" in Glasgow. Craig Gardner, former manager at the hotel, credits the Hilton Glasgow as paving the way for "playing a key role in the revitalisation of the city".

At 70 m (230 ft), the Hilton Glasgow is currently the 16th tallest building in Glasgow, behind St Andrew House at 71 m (233 ft) and ahead of Anniesland Court at 66 m (217 ft).

Anderston
Anderston (Scots: Anderstoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile Aindrea - a portmanteau of "Anderson's Town") is an area within inner Glasgow, Scotland. It is on the north bank of the River Clyde and forms the south western edge of the city centre. Established as a village of handloom weavers in the early 18th century, Anderston was an independent burgh of barony from 1824 until it was incorporated into the City of Glasgow in 1846.

The district is served by Anderston railway station.  It is bordered by Charing Cross to the north, Blythswood Hill to the east and Finnieston to the west.
Milan Hnilička
Milan Hnilička (born June 25, 1973) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player and politician. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Atlanta Thrashers and the Los Angeles Kings. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2017, but resigned in January 2021, after attending a party in breach of coronavirus restrictions. He was drafted 70th overall by the New York Islanders in the 1991 NHL entry draft. In 2000, Hnilička won the Calder Cup while playing for the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL). He announced his retirement in August 2010. Internationally, Hnilička represented the Czechoslovak national junior team and the Czech national senior team at multiple tournaments.

Czechia men's national ice hockey team
The Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the Czech Republic. Since 2021, the team has been officially known in English as Czechia. It is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in history and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. It is governed by the Czech Ice Hockey Association. The Czech Republic has 85,000 male players officially enrolled in organized hockey (0.8% of its population).