hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
English pronouns
The English pronouns form a relatively small category of words in Modern English whose primary semantic function is that of a pro-form for a noun phrase. Traditional grammars consider them to be a distinct part of speech, while most modern grammars see them as a subcategory of noun, contrasting with common and proper nouns.: 22  Still others see them as a subcategory of determiner (see the DP hypothesis). In this article, they are treated as a subtype of the noun category.

They clearly include personal pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and reciprocal pronouns. Other types that are included by some grammars but excluded by others are demonstrative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. Other members are disputed (see below).

Determiner
In natural language, a determiner, also called a determinative (abbreviated DET), is a word or affix that combines with a noun to express its reference. Examples in English include articles (the and a/an), demonstratives (this, that), possessive determiners (my, their), and quantifiers (many, both). Not all languages have determiners, and not all systems of grammatical description recognize them as a distinct category.
Jakiw Palij
Jakiw Palij (Yah-keev PAH’-lee; known also as Jakob Palij; August 16, 1923 – January 10, 2019) was a Polish-Ukrainian member of the Hiwi auxiliary guards at the Nazi Trawniki concentration camp during World War II. He eventually became an American citizen and lived most of his life in the United States until he was stripped of his citizenship and deported to Germany at the age of 95.

Hiwi (volunteer)
Hiwi ([ˈhiːviː]), the German abbreviation of the word Hilfswilliger or, in English, auxiliary volunteer, designated, during World War II, a member of different kinds of voluntary auxiliary forces made up of recruits indigenous to the territories of Eastern Europe occupied by Nazi Germany. Adolf Hitler reluctantly agreed to allow recruitment of Soviet citizens in the Rear Areas during Operation Barbarossa. In a short period of time, many of them were moved to combat units.
Maya Hansen (soccer)
Maya Lauren Hansen (born April 9, 2001) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward for USL Super League club Spokane Zephyr FC. She played college soccer for the South Dakota State Jackrabbits, where she set the program record in career goals, and the Iowa Hawkeyes.

South Dakota State Jackrabbits
The South Dakota State Jackrabbits are the 19 intercollegiate teams representing South Dakota State University that compete in the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I (for football: Football Championship Subdivision). South Dakota State is currently a member of the Summit League, the Missouri Valley Football Conference, the Big 12 Conference and Varsity Equestrian. The university won numerous conference championships and several national titles including the NCAA College Division national title in men's basketball in 1963 and the NCAA Division II national title in women's basketball in 2003.
Andrea Aguilera (Colombian model)
Andrea Aguilera Arroyave is a Colombian beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Colombia 2021 and Miss Earth Colombia 2022. She represented Colombia in Miss World 2022 where she managed to be part of the Top 13. She also represented her country in Miss Earth 2022, and was crowned Miss Earth – Fire 2022.

Miss Earth 2022
Miss Earth 2022 was the 22nd edition of the Miss Earth pageant, held at the Okada Manila in Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines, on 29 November 2022. The competition returned to the Philippines into a standard format for the first time since 2019, after easing travel restrictions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic.

At the end of the event, Destiny Wagner of Belize crowned Mina Sue Choi of South Korea as Miss Earth 2022. This is the first time South Korea won the Miss Earth pageant. Her elemental court are crowned In the same event: Sheridan Mortlock of Australia as Miss Earth-Air, Nadeen Ayoub of Palestine as Miss Earth-Water, and Andrea Aguilera of Colombia as Miss Earth-Fire.

Contestants from eighty-five countries and territories participated in this year's pageant. The pageant was hosted by James Deakin for the sixth consecutive time and anchored by Miss Earth 2015 Angelia Ong, Miss Earth 2017 Karen Ibasco and Miss Earth 2019 Nellys Pimentel.
Pedro Valido
Pedro Manuel Valido Franco CvIH (born 13 March 1970) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a central defender. Currently, he is an assistant coach for Benfica B in Liga Portugal 2.

Starting out in the youth teams of Benfica, he amassed a total of 1 goal in 150 games in the Primeira Liga over the course of a career with eight different clubs.

Valido earned 26 caps for Portugal from under-18 to under-21 level, winning the 1989 World Championship with the under-20 side.

Portugal national under-21 football team
The Portugal national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Portugal and is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). They are nicknamed "Esperanças". Esperança means hope, thus they are Portugal's hopes for the future.

Following the realignment of UEFA's youth competitions in 1976, the Portuguese under-21 team was formed. Until 1994, the team had a rather poor record, failing to qualify for each of the first eight UEFA under-21 Championships. Since 1994, the team has improved its record greatly, qualifying for five of the next seven tournaments, including the 2006 finals.

Having qualified for the 2006 tournament finals, UEFA announced that Portugal would host the finals in May and June. From 2007 onwards, host nations will be announced before the qualification stage and will not need to qualify.
Oriana Viñas
Oriana Valentina Viñas Perez (born 29 January 2002) is a Venezuelan-born rhythmic gymnast who represents Colombia in competitions. She participated in the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships in 2019 and 2023.

2023 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
The 2023 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships had been held in Valencia, Spain at the Feria Valencia.

The championships is a qualification event for the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. The 14 highest-ranked individuals from the all-around competition (qualification), with a maximum of two gymnasts per NOC, and the top 5 groups, not including teams that qualified at the previous year's World Championships, will obtain one quota place for their country.
2017–2020 Thai temple fraud investigations
The 2017–2020 Thai temple fraud investigations (Thai: คดีเงินทอนวัด, RTGS: khadi ngoen thon wat, lit. 'Case of returning money by temples') are a series of investigations by the Thai junta of the alleged abuse of governmental subsidies by government officers and Buddhist temples. The investigations started in 2017, and culminated in the controversial May 2018 arrest of five monks with leading positions in the Thai monastic community. The investigations have been described as unprecedented and as a critical blow to the faith of Thai Buddhist devotees. They have been subject to criticism and political speculation. In July 2018, the crisis was cited by the junta to amend laws, with the result that the monastic community could no longer choose their own leading council members, but these were to be chosen by the Thai King, and possibly the ruling NCPO.

Sangha Supreme Council
The Sangha Supreme Council (Thai: มหาเถรสมาคม; Pali: Mahāthera Samāgama) is the governing body of the Buddhist order (Sangha) of Thailand, and is the ultimate authority for all ecclesiastical matters within the Thai Sangha. Its leadership consists of the country's highest ranking monks, who consult the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand with respect to administrative and theological matters. The Sangha Supreme Council was established on 1 January 1963, under the Sangha Act of 1962.
Lucy Higham
Lucy Florence Higham (born 17 October 1997) is an English cricketer who currently plays for The Blaze and Northern Superchargers. She plays primarily as a right-arm off break bowler. She has previously played for Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, as well as for Loughborough Lightning in the Women's Cricket Super League and Trent Rockets in The Hundred.

Loughborough Lightning (cricket)
Loughborough Lightning were an English women's Twenty20 cricket team based at  Loughborough University. They were formed in 2016 to compete in the inaugural season of the Women's Cricket Super League. They primarily played their home matches at the Haslegrave Ground. They were coached by Rob Taylor and were captained by Georgia Elwiss. The team was partnered with Loughborough University. Together with the netball team and the women's rugby union team, the cricket team was one of three women's sports teams based at Loughborough University that used the Loughborough Lightning name. In 2020, following reforms to the structure of women's domestic cricket, some elements of the Loughborough Lightning were retained for a new team, named just Lightning and representing a broader region.
Peet Nienaber
Petrus Millar Nienaber (died January 2019) was a South African jurist and judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 1990 to 2002. He was appointed to the bench as a judge of the Natal Provincial Division in 1982 and was elevated to the Appellate Division in 1990. After his retirement, he was the Ombudsman for Long-Term Insurance from 2003 to 2007. He was formerly a silk in Pretoria and the head of the private law department of the University of South Africa.

Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court. The country's apex court from 1910 to 1994, it no longer holds that position, having been displaced in constitutional matters by the Constitutional Court in 1994, and in all matters by 2013. It is located in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is often seen as, and has been traditionally referred to as, the "judicial capital" of South Africa because of the court, although the Constitutional Court is based in Johannesburg.
Loudoun County Sanitation Authority
In May 1959, the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors created Loudoun County Sanitation Authority (LCSA) by a resolution, through the Water and Waste Authorities Act, for the sole purpose of providing water and wastewater service to residents of the unincorporated areas of the county. LCSA rebranded and moved from Leesburg to Ashburn in April 2008. It now does business as Loudoun Water.

Loudoun Water is a political subdivision of the state, similar to a town or a county government. All income is received either as user fees from customers or availability fees from developers. User fees pay for operating expenses. Availability fees pay for capital improvements. Loudoun Water receives no tax revenues.

Loudoun County Board of Supervisors
Loudoun County, Virginia is divided into eight magisterial districts: Algonkian, Ashburn, Broad Run, Catoctin, Dulles, Leesburg, Little River, and Sterling. The magisterial districts each elect one supervisor to the board of supervisors which governs Loudoun County. There is also a chair elected by the county at-large, bringing total board membership to nine. Board members serve concurrent, four-year terms. A vice chair is selected by the board from among its membership. The current chair is Phyllis Randall and the current vice chair is Mike Turner, the Ashburn District Supervisor. He has served as vice chair since January 2025. Salaries for the board term of 2024–2027 were set by the previous board in January 2023.
Ms .45
Ms .45, initially released internationally as Angel of Vengeance, is a 1981 American neo-noir exploitation thriller film directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Zoë Tamerlis. Inspired by films such as Thriller – A Cruel Picture (1973), Death Wish (1974), and Taxi Driver (1976), the film is a rape and revenge story about Thana, a mute woman who becomes a spree killer after she is raped twice in one day when going home from work.

It was critically detested on its theatrical release, but is now generally highly regarded among fans of underground and independent film.

It was acquired by Alamo Drafthouse Films in October 2013 and remastered in HD from the original negatives. The distributor released the film on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital copy in March 2014.

Drafthouse Films
Drafthouse Films is an independent film distribution company based in Austin, Texas. It was founded in 2010 by Tim League, who had previously founded the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema chain. Drafthouse has released a variety of films since its inception.
Daniel Amartey
Daniel Amartey (born 21 December 1994) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who most recently played as a defender or midfielder for Süper Lig club Beşiktaş and the Ghana national team. He is currently a free agent.

A graduate of International Allies' youth academy, Amartey played for Djurgården and Copenhagen, before joining Leicester City in 2016.

F.C. Copenhagen
Football Club Copenhagen (Danish: Football Club København, pronounced [kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀn]), commonly known as F.C. København, F.C. Copenhagen, Copenhagen, or simply FCK, is a Danish professional football club based in Frederiksberg, FCK was founded in 1992 as a superstructure on top of Kjøbenhavns Boldklub and Boldklubben 1903.

F.C. Copenhagen has won a record 16 Danish Football Championships and a record 10 Danish Cups. In European football F.C. Copenhagen has reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League and the group stage of the UEFA Europa League more times than any other Danish club.

Copenhagen plays its matches at the Parken Stadium, which also serves as the venue for Denmark national football team matches. Since their foundation, FCK have developed a fierce rivalry with Brøndby IF. The Copenhagen Derby games between the two sides have attracted some of the biggest crowds in Danish football history.
Jean de Beaumanoir
Jean, or Jehan de Beaumanoir, marshal of Brittany for Charles of Blois, and captain of Josselin, is remembered for his share in the famous Combat of the Thirty during the War of Breton Succession (1341–1364) between the warring parties of competing claimants for the Dukedom.

Charles, Duke of Brittany
Charles of Blois-Châtillon (1319 – 29 September 1364), nicknamed "the Saint", was the legalist  Duke of Brittany from 1341 until his death, via his marriage to Joan, Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Penthièvre, holding the title against the claims of John of Montfort. The cause of his possible canonization was the subject of a good deal of political maneuvering on the part of his cousin, Charles V of France, who endorsed it, and his rival, John of Montfort, who opposed it. The cause fell dormant after Pope Gregory XI left Avignon in 1376, but was revived in 1894. Charles of Blois was beatified in 1904.
Erika Stefani
Erika Stefani (born 18 July 1971) is an Italian lawyer and politician who served as the Italian Minister of Regional Affairs and Autonomies from 1 June 2018 to 5 September 2019 and as the Italian Minister for Disabilities since 13 February 2021. A member of Lega Nord, she has served as a member of the Italian Senate since 15 March 2013.

Minister for Regional Affairs
The minister for regional affairs and autonomies (Italian: ministro per affari regionali e le autonomie) is one of the positions in the Italian government.

The current minister for regional affairs and autonomies is Roberto Calderoli, a member of the League, who held the office since 22 October 2022 in the cabinet of Giorgia Meloni.
Marx's theory of human nature
In his works, Karl Marx does not refer to "human nature" as such, but to Gattungswesen, which is generally translated as "species-being" or "species-essence". According to a note from Marx in the Manuscripts of 1844, the term is derived from Ludwig Feuerbach's philosophy, in which it refers both to the nature of each human and of humanity as a whole.

In the sixth Thesis on Feuerbach (1845), Marx criticizes the traditional conception of human nature as a species which incarnates itself in each individual, instead arguing that human nature is formed by the totality of social relations. Marx describes Gattungswesen as neither permanent nor universal, as in classical idealist philosophy, but always determined in a specific social and historical formation, with some aspects being biological.

Theses on Feuerbach
The Theses on Feuerbach are eleven short philosophical notes written by Karl Marx as a basic outline for the first chapter of the book The German Ideology in 1845. Like the book for which they were written, the theses were never published in Marx's lifetime, seeing print for the first time in 1888 as an appendix to a pamphlet by his co-thinker Friedrich Engels. The document is best remembered for its epigrammatic 11th and final thesis, "Philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to change it", which is engraved on Marx's tomb.
Brihadbala
Brihadbala (Sanskrit: बृहद्बल, IAST: Bṛhadbala) is a king mentioned in Hinduism, including the Hindu epic Mahabharata. He is also known by the name Srutayu according to the Linga Purana. He is described to be the last king of the Kosala Kingdom. In the Kurukshetra War, Brihadbala fought for the Kauravas and was killed by Abhimanyu.  his son was Barhināman who ruled ayodhya after him.

Kosala kingdom
Kosala is the kingdom of Rama mentioned in the Ramayana. Ayodhya was its capital and is now located in Uttar Pradesh. Rama's sons Lava and Kusha inherited parts of this kingdom. Lava ruled from the city called Shravasti, and Kusa from the city called Kushavati. A colony of Kosala kings existed in Madhya Pradesh. It was called Dakshina Kosala. Rama's mother Kausalya was from this kingdom. Rama extended his influence up to the island-kingdom of Lanka situated in the Indian Ocean. He had friendly relations with the southern kingdom of Kishkindha.

Nishadha king Nala's friend Rituparna was a ruler of Kosala. Brihadbala another ruler of Kosala during Dvapara Yuga, took part in Mahabharata war and was killed by Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna.

An 1880 reference described Uttara Kosala was one of the five main divisions of the kingdom of Rama in prehistoric Awadh;  the region was described as corresponding to the modern trans-Ghaghra districts including Bahraich, Gonda, Basti and Gorakhpur.
Battle of Amroha
The Battle of Amroha was fought on 20 December 1305 between the armies of the Delhi Sultanate of India and the Mongol Chagatai Khanate of Central Asia. The Delhi force led by Malik Nayak defeated the Mongol army led by Ali Beg and Tartaq near Amroha in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Mongol invasion of India (1303)
In 1303, a Mongol army from the Chagatai Khanate launched an invasion of the Delhi Sultanate, when two major units of the Delhi army were away from the city. The Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji, who was away at Chittor when the Mongols started their march, returned to Delhi in a hurry. However, he was unable to make adequate war preparations, and decided to take shelter in a well-guarded camp at the under-construction Siri Fort. The Mongols, led by Taraghai, besieged Delhi for over two months, and ransacked its suburbs. Ultimately, they decided to retreat, having been unable to breach Alauddin's camp.

The invasion was one of the most serious Mongol invasions of India, and prompted Alauddin to take several measures to prevent a recurrence. He strengthened military presence along the Mongol routes to India, and implemented economic reforms to ensure adequate revenue streams for maintaining a strong army.
Upper Weser Valley
The Upper Weser Valley (German: Oberes Wesertal) in central Germany has been formed by the Upper Weser river cutting through the Weser Uplands for around 200 kilometres (120 mi) between the towns of Hann. Münden and Minden. It lies in the German federal states of Lower Saxony, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia.

Weser
The Weser (pronounced [ˈveːzɐ] ⓘ) is the second longest river wholly in Germany. The Weser flows from the Thuringian Forest to the North Sea, where it flows into the sea near Bremerhaven.

The Weser begins at Hannoversch Münden through the confluence of the Werra and Fulda. It passes through the Hanseatic city of Bremen. Its mouth is 50 km (31 mi) further north against the ports of Bremerhaven and Nordenham. The latter is on the Butjadingen Peninsula. It then merges into the North Sea via two highly saline, estuarine mouths.

It connects to the canal network running east–west across the North German Plain.

The river, when combined with the Werra (a dialectal form of Weser), is 744 km (462 mi) long and thus, the longest river entirely situated within Germany (the Main, however, is the longest if the Weser-Werra are considered separate). The Weser itself is 452 km (281 mi) long. The Werra rises in Thuringia, the German state south of the main projection (tongue) of Lower Saxony.
Kim Nilsson (floorball)
Kim Nilsson (born March 28, 1988) is a Swedish floorball player. He currently plays for Vetlanda Innebandy, a club in the Allsvenskan (men's floorball)  the second highest division in Swedish floorball. He has also played for Grasshopper Club Zürich in NLA, AIK and FBC Kalmarsund in SSL. He is recognised as the top goal scorer of all time for the Swedish National Team.

In a poll conducted by the Swedish magazine Innebandymagazinet, reporters and national team coaches have voted Nilsson the world's best floorball player twice; in 2014 and 2020.

Swedish Super League (men's floorball)
Swedish Super League (SSL, Swedish: Svenska Superligan för herrar; formerly, Elitserien) is the highest league in the league system of Swedish floorball and comprises the top 14 Swedish floorball teams. The first season began in 1995–96. The season ends with a play-off and a final.

The champion of the league is eligible to compete at the Champions Cup.

The most successful team in the league, with nine titles and the current champion of the 2024–25 season, is Storvreta IBK.
Blue sea catfish
The blue sea catfish (Ariopsis guatemalensis), also known as the widehead sea catfish, is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Albert Günther in 1864, originally under the genus Arius. It is found in tropical marine, brackish and freshwater along the Pacific coast in Central America, ranging from Mexico to Panama as well as Nicaragua. It dwells at a depth range of 0 to 20 m (0 to 66 ft). It reaches a maximum total length of 37 cm (15 in).

The blue sea catfish is rated as Least Concern by the IUCN redlist, due to its wide distribution, frequency in some areas, and lack of observed population decline. It is noted, however, that "extensive disturbance" of estuarine areas may pose localized threats to the species.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.