hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Caselli
Giovanni Caselli (8 June 1815 – 25 April 1891) was an Italian priest, inventor, and physicist. He studied electricity and magnetism as a child which led to his invention of the pantelegraph (also known as the universal telegraph or all-purpose telegraph), the forerunner of the fax machine. The world's first practical operating facsimile machine ("fax") system put into use was by Caselli. He had worldwide patents on his system. His technology idea was further developed into today's analog television.

Caselli was a student and professor at the University of Florence in Italy. He started a technical journal that explained physics in layman's terms. For his pantelegraph technology he was awarded the Legion of Honor by Napoleon III of France. Parisian scientists and engineers started the Pantelegraph Society to exchange ideas about the pantelegraph and the associated synchronizing apparatus, in order to get the sending and receiving mechanisms to work together properly.

University of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze) (UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has around 50,000 students enrolled.
Arik Cannon
Arik Cannon (born December 23, 1981) is an American professional wrestler known for competing in companies such as Chikara, Dragon Gate USA, IWA Mid-South, All American Wrestling and Wrestling Society X. He owns and operates the Minneapolis-based wrestling promotion F1RST Wrestling, and is also the only wrestler officially sponsored by Pabst Blue Ribbon.

Dragon Gate USA
Dragon Gate USA (DGUSA) is an American professional wrestling promotion founded in 2009 as an international expansion of the Japanese promotion Dragon Gate. 
Gabe Sapolsky, former head booker of Ring of Honor, served as the promotion's Vice President.
Sinndar
Sinndar (27 February 1997 – 26 November 2018) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career that lasted from September 1999 until October 2000, he ran eight times and won seven times. He was notable for his unique achievement in winning the Derby, Irish Derby and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in the same year.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Artificial Selection (album)
Artificial Selection is the eighth studio album by American rock band Dance Gavin Dance, released on June 8, 2018, on Rise Records. It is the follow-up to the band's seventh studio album, Mothership (2016) and is their third consecutive studio release with the same line-up. The album was produced by Kris Crummett, Erik Ron, and Dryw Owens, and was self-produced by Dance Gavin Dance, making it the first release by the band to feature more than one producer.

The album was supported by four singles; "Midnight Crusade", "Son of Robot", "Care", and "Count Bassy". To promote the album, the band toured as support on two of Underoath's 2018 North American tours, embarked on the Artificial Selection Tour, and performed at their own festival SwanFest. On May 31, 2019, the group released an instrumental version of the album to streaming and digital download platforms.

Erik Ron
Erik Ron (born July 4, 1985) is an American producer, mixer, and songwriter based in Los Angeles. He has worked with artists such as Panic! at the Disco, Set It Off, Issues, New Years Day, Too Close to Touch, I the Mighty, Motionless In White, I Wish We Were Robots, Blessthefall, I See Stars, Sylar, Attila, Godsmack, Staind, and Bush.
Definitions of whiteness in the United States
The legal and social strictures that define White Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States. Race is defined as a social and political category within society based on hierarchy.

Dow v. United States
Dow v. United States, 226 F. 145 (4th Cir., 1915), is a United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, case in which a Lebanese Maronite immigrant, George Dow, appealed two lower court decisions denying his application for naturalization as a United States citizen.: 257  Following the lower court decisions in Ex Parte Dow (1914) and In re Dow (1914), Dow v. United States resulted in the Circuit Court's affirmation of the petitioner's right to naturalize based, in the words of Circuit Judge Charles Albert Woods, on "the generally received opinion . . . that the inhabitants of a portion of Asia, including Syria, [are] to be classed as white persons".: 7

George Dow's gauntlet through the American legal system, and the language with which his petition for citizenship was dealt, illustrate the degree to which legal bodies struggled to classify new groups of immigrants in a racial schema which would ultimately determine these immigrants' right to become American citizens.
Matsuchi Station
Matsuchi Station (真土駅, Matsuchi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Matsuno, Kitauwa District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "G36".

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Night Sky (magazine)
Night Sky is a discontinued American bimonthly magazine for entry-level stargazers.  It was published between May/June 2004 and March/April 2007 by Sky Publishing, which also produces Sky & Telescope (S&T).

Night Sky was intended to be a less technical than S&T.  The target audience was recreational naked-eye and low-power instrument observers.  The magazine was discontinued because of low sales, and subscriptions were converted to an equal number of issues of S&T.

Sky & Telescope
Sky & Telescope (S&T) is a monthly  magazine covering all aspects of amateur and professional astronomy, including what to see in the sky tonight and new findings in astronomy. Other topics covered include:

observing guides for planets, galaxies, star clusters, and other objects visible in the night sky

reviews of telescopes and other astronomical equipment, books, and software

events in the amateur astronomy community

amateur telescope making

astrophotography

The articles are intended for the informed lay reader and include detailed discussions of current discoveries, frequently by participating scientists. The magazine is illustrated in full color, with both amateur and professional photography of celestial sights, as well as tables and charts of upcoming celestial events.
Real Steel (horse)
Real Steel (Japanese: リアルスティール, foaled 1 March 2012) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. After winning his only race as a juvenile in 2014 he developed into a top-class performer in the following year when he won the Kyodo Tsushin Hai and finished second in the Spring Stakes, Satsuki Sho, St Lite Kinen, and Kikuka Sho as well as running fourth in the Japanese Derby. He reached his peak as a four-year-old in 2016 when he won the Dubai Turf and ran second in the Tenno Sho. He remained in training for two more years, winning the Mainichi Okan in 2017 and running third in the 2018 Dubai Turf.

Real Steel is named after the 2011 film of the same name.

Spring Stakes (Japan)
The Spring Stakes (スプリングステークス, supuringu sutēkusu) is a  Grade 2 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old Thoroughbred colts and fillies run over a distance of 1,800 metres at Nakayama Racecourse, Funabashi, Chiba. The race is run in March and serves as a major trial race for the Satsuki Sho, which is run at the same racecourse in April.

It was first run in 1952. Among the winners of the race have been Shinzan, Narita Brian, Bubble Gum Fellow, Neo Universe, Meisho Samson and Orfevre.
Aruch
40°17′15″N 44°04′42″E﻿ / ﻿40.28750°N 44.07833°E﻿ / 40.28750; 44.07833

Aruch (Armenian: Արուճ) is a village in the Ashtarak Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It is located on the southern part of Mount Aragats. The settlement dates back to the 6th century when it was the winter camp of the royal army. It was later made to a permanent base by Grigor Mamikonian (661-682).  The village is the location of the 7th century Armenian monastic complex Aruchavank, adjacent to it are the remains of the Mamikonians' palace.

Mamikonian
Mamikonian or Mamikonean (Old Armenian: Մամիկոնեան) was an Armenian aristocratic dynasty which dominated Armenia between the 4th and 8th centuries—through the late antique kingdom, Sasanian, Byzantine, and Arab dominations. They were the most notable noble house in early Christian Armenia after the ruling Arsacids and held the hereditary positions of sparapet (supreme commander of the army) and dayeak (royal tutor), allowing them to play the role of kingmaker for the later Armenian kings. They ruled over extensive territories, including the Armenian regions of Tayk, Taron, Sasun, and Bagrevand, among others. The Mamikonians had a reputation as supporters of the Roman (and later Byzantine) empire in Armenia against Sasanian Iran, although they also served as viceroys under Persian rule. Their influence over Armenian affairs began to decline at the end of the 6th century and suffered a final, decisive blow after a failed rebellion against Arab rule over Armenia in 774/75.
Baron Leitrim
Baron Leitrim was a title in the Peerage of Ireland which was first created in 1583 for Seán mac an Iarla a Búrc, and became extinct in 1591 on the death of his son, Redmond, second Baron. The title's second creation was in 1783 for Robert Clements, who was later created Earl of Leitrim.

John Burke, Baron Leitrim
John "na Seamar" Burke, Baron Leitrim (Irish: Seán mac an Iarla a Búrc; /ˈliːtrəm/; LEE-trəm; died 1583), also known as John of the Shamrocks, was one of the notorious half-brothers called the meic an Iarla ('sons of the earl'), whose conflicts with each other and their father, Richard Burke, 2nd Earl of Clanricarde, caused devastation to south Connacht several times between the late 1560s and early 1580s.
D212 road
D212 is a state road in Baranya region of Croatia connecting Batina and nearby border crossing to Bezdan, Vojvodina, Serbia to D7 state road north of Čeminac. The road is 22.1 km (13.7 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

D7 road (Croatia)
D7 is a state road connecting Beli Manastir, Osijek, Čepin and Đakovo to Slavonski Šamac border crossing to Bosnia and Herzegovina and to Duboševica border crossing to Hungary. The road is 115.2 km (71.6 mi) long.

The D7 state road runs parallel to the A5 motorway along its entire length, connecting to virtually all A5 interchanges directly (Đakovo) or indirectly, thus serving as an alternate and backup road to the motorway. Since the A5 motorway is not completed to the national borders, the D7 road also serves as connecting road for A5 traffic 
to the border crossings to Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste.
Cleveland Hills
The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the north-west edge of the North York Moors in North Yorkshire, England, overlooking Cleveland and Teesside. They lie entirely within the boundaries of the North York Moors National Park. Part of the 110-mile (177 km) long Cleveland Way National Trail runs along the hills, and they are also crossed by a section of Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk. The hills, which rise abruptly from the flat Tees Valley to the north, include distinctive landmarks such as the cone-shaped peak of Roseberry Topping, near the village of Great Ayton – childhood home of Captain James Cook.

Roseberry Topping
Roseberry Topping is a distinctive hill in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated near Great Ayton and Newton under Roseberry. Its summit has a distinctive half-cone shape with a jagged cliff, which has led to many comparisons with the much higher Matterhorn in the Swiss-Italian Alps. It is a symbol of the area and features in the logo of the nearby Teesside International Airport.

At 1,049 feet (320 m), Roseberry Topping was traditionally thought to be the highest hill on the North York Moors but there are 15 higher peaks, with the nearby Urra Moor being the highest, at 1,490 feet (450 m). Roseberry Topping offers views of Captain Cook's Monument on Easby Moor and the monument on Eston Nab, previously a beacon.
Tabuk Sniper Rifle
The Tabuk Sniper Rifle is an Iraqi semi-automatic designated marksman rifle, made from a modified version of the Zastava M76 sniper rifle. The Tabuk Rifle was manufactured at the Al-Qadissiya Establishments in Iraq using machinery sold to Iraq by Zastava Arms of Yugoslavia when Saddam Hussein was president.

Zastava Arms
44°00′29″N 20°54′51″E﻿ / ﻿44.00806°N 20.91417°E﻿ / 44.00806; 20.91417

Zastava Arms (Serbian: Застава оружје, romanized: Zastava oružje) is a Serbian and formerly Yugoslav manufacturer of firearms, based in Kragujevac, Serbia. It is among the leading producer of firearms in the Balkans and a large contributor to the Serbian defense industry. Zastava Arms manufactures and exports a wide variety of products to over forty countries, including the Zastava M70, a variant of the Kalashnikov rifle.
External ray
An external ray is a curve that runs from infinity toward a Julia or Mandelbrot set.
Although this curve is only rarely a half-line (ray) it is called a ray because it is an image of a ray.

External rays are used in complex analysis, particularly in complex dynamics and geometric function theory.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Holiday in Havana
Holiday in Havana is a 1949 American  musical comedy film directed by Jean Yarbrough, and starring Desi Arnaz, Mary Hatcher and Ann Doran. The film is about a Cuban hotel busboy (Arnaz) who dreams of becoming a composer. According to author Mary Beltrán, in his portrayal of Carlos Estrada, Arnaz "established a successful negotiation of tensions inherent in playing a Latin romantic lead in this period, a negotiation that set the stage for what would make Ricky Ricardo so popular with American viewers. His music, with songs such as "Holiday in Havana" and the "Arnaz Jam" featured in the film.

Ann Doran
Ann Doran (July 28, 1911 – September 19, 2000) was a prolific American character actress, who worked in more than 1500 motion pictures and television episodes. Today's audiences know her as Carol Stark, the mother of James "Jim" Stark (James Dean) in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), and as a featured actress in short comedies with The Three Stooges and Charley Chase. She was an early member of the Screen Actors Guild and served on the board of the Motion Picture & Television Fund for 30 years.
Çağla Yaman
Çağla Yaman, aka Çağla Yılmaz, (born April 1, 1981) is a Turkish women's handballer, who plays in the Turkish Women's Handball Super League for İzmir BB GSK, and the Turkey national team. The 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)-tall sportswoman plays in the center back position.

İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi GSK (women's handball)
İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi GSK (Turkish: İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Gençlik ve Spor Kulübü) is the women's handball team of the eponymous club sponsored by the Metropolitan Municipality of İzmir in Turkey. The team is currently competing in the Turkish Super League and the Women's EHF European Cup in the 2022–23 season. Their colors are blue and white.
Poppy Jaman
Poppy Sultana Jaman OBE (Bengali: সুলতানা পপি জামান; born 4 September 1976) is an English civil servant, mental health advocate, and the CEO and founding member of Mental health first aid England (MHFAE).

Mental health first aid
Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of traditional first aid to cover mental health conditions. Mental health first aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person experiencing or developing a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety disorders, or experiencing a mental health crisis situation such as suicidal ideation or panic attack.
Penske PC-24
The Penske PC-24 was an open-wheel CART racing car that competed in the 1995 IndyCar season with Marlboro Team Penske and Hogan Penske Racing. It was designed by Nigel Bennett. It scored a total of 5 wins that season; 4 wins for Al Unser Jr., and 1 win for Emerson Fittipaldi. However, the chassis notably failed to qualify for the 1995 Indianapolis 500, with both Unser Jr. and Fittipaldi struggling to find pace on the high-speed oval circuit. It was powered by the 2.65 L (162 cu in), 800 hp (600 kW), Ilmor-designed and developed Mercedes-Benz IC108 engine.

Team Penske
Team Penske (formerly known as Penske Racing) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The team made its competitive debut at the 1966 24 Hours of Daytona and has since participated in a wide range of professional motorsport disciplines, including Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Australia's Supercars Championship. Over the course of its history, Team Penske has amassed more than 500 race victories and secured over 40 championships across various categories of auto racing. The team operates as a division of Penske Corporation and is owned and chaired by Roger Penske.
South Dakota Highway 21
South Dakota Highway 21 (SD 21) is a 9.470-mile (15.240 km) state highway in south-central Hamlin Countym South Dakota, that connects Lake Norden and Hayti.

SD 21 originally extended from the Nebraska state line to the North Dakota state line, completely concurrent with U.S. Route 81 (US 81). By the mid-1930s, only the current part of the highway remained.

Hayti, South Dakota
Hayti (pronounced "HAY-tie") is a town in and the county seat of Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 393 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the county seat of Hamlin County.

According to tradition, the name is derived from the practice of tying bundles of hay to be burned on the prairie, hence the name Hay-tie.
Diplomatie (play)
Diplomatie (English: Diplomacy) is a play by French writer Cyril Gély that tells the story of a fictional meeting that could have taken place in the early hours of August 25, 1944, between Swedish diplomat Raoul Nordling and German general Dietrich von Choltitz, at the Meurice Hotel in Paris.

The play has had productions in France, Switzerland, and Australia. It was also adapted into a film of the same name, which premiered at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival in 2014. Gély co-wrote the screenplay with director Volker Schlöndorff.

Volker Schlöndorff
Volker Schlöndorff (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlkɐ ˈʃløːndɔʁf] ⓘ; born 31 March 1939) is a German film director, screenwriter and producer who has worked in Germany, France and the United States. He was a prominent member of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

He received an Oscar as well as the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for The Tin Drum (1979), the film version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Günter Grass.
1922 Major League Baseball season
The 1922 major league baseball season began on April 12, 1922. The regular season ended on October 1, with the New York Giants and New York Yankees were the regular season champions of the National League and American League, respectively. In a rematch of the previous season, the postseason began with Game 1 of the 19th World Series on October 4 and ended with Game 5 on October 8. In the second consecutive iteration of the Subway Series, the Giants defeated the Yankees, four games to zero (with one tie), capturing their third championship in franchise history, and the fourth team to win back-to-back World Series. This was the second World Series between the two teams.

This was the first of eight seasons that "League Awards", a precursor to the Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (introduced in 1931), were issued. Only an American League award was given in 1922.

Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award
The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.
Gallery A
Gallery A was a mid-century Australian gallery that exhibited contemporary Australian art. It was established in 1959 at 60 Flinders Lane, Melbourne, and then relocated to 275 Toorak Road., South Yarra. A second Gallery A venue was opened and run concurrently at 21 Gipps Street, Paddington in Sydney from 1964, and a third in Canberra (1964, closed 1970). The Sydney business largely displaced the Melbourne gallery, which also closed in 1970, and continued until 1983. Its founder was Max Hutchinson and other directors during the history of the gallery at its three venues included Clement Meadmore, James Mollison, Janet Dawson and Ann Lewis.

Burwood Highway
Burwood Highway  (and its western section as Toorak Road) is a major transportation link with Melbourne's eastern fringe at the foot of the Dandenong Ranges, linking the suburbs of Hawthorn and Belgrave. The highway is considered a major link for people who live in the Dandenong Ranges and acts as one of the major feeder roadway in the area along with Canterbury Road, Ferntree Gully Road, EastLink and Wellington Road.