hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frontogenesis
Frontogenesis is a meteorological process of tightening of horizontal temperature gradients to produce fronts. In the end, two types of fronts form: cold fronts and warm fronts. A cold front is a narrow line where temperature decreases rapidly. A warm front is a narrow line of warmer temperatures and essentially where much of the precipitation occurs. Frontogenesis occurs as a result of a developing baroclinic wave. According to Hoskins & Bretherton (1972, p. 11), there are eight mechanisms that influence temperature gradients: horizontal deformation, horizontal shearing, vertical deformation, differential vertical motion, latent heat release, surface friction, turbulence and mixing, and radiation. Semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory focuses on the role of horizontal deformation and shear.

Francis Bretherton
Francis Patton Bretherton (July 6, 1935 – June 27, 2021) was an English-born American applied mathematician and a professor emeritus of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Niloofar Hamedi
Niloofar Hamedi (Persian: نیلوفر حامدی; born 22 October 1992) is an Iranian journalist who works for the reformist daily newspaper Shargh. She was arrested during the Mahsa Amini protests for breaking the news about Mahsa Amini and reporting on her treatment by Iran's Morality Police. Hamedi is also known for her work as one of the first journalists to have interviewed the family and lawyer for imprisoned writer Sepideh Rashnu, and she published an investigative report on her case. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2023.

Shargh
Shargh (Persian: شرق, lit. 'East'; also Romanized as Sharq) is one of the most popular Reformist daily newspapers in Iran.

The owner is Mehdi Rahmanian, the editor-in-chief of the newspaper is Ali Dehghan and the editor-in-chief of online is Sina Rahimpour.
Hillerstorp
Hillerstorp is a locality (tätort) situated in Gnosjö Municipality, Jönköping County, Sweden with 1,766 inhabitants in 2010. About 40% of the companies in Gnosjö municipality are located in Hillerstorp.

There are various small industries in the town. About 9 km south of Hillerstorp, there is a small but nationally renowned amusement park called High Chaparral Theme Park (named after the American Western-themed TV series aired on NBC) offering, among others, the steam train rides and the American Old West experiences.

The High Chaparral
The High Chaparral is an American Western action-adventure drama television series that aired on NBC from 1967 to 1971, starring Leif Erickson and Cameron Mitchell. The series was made by Xanadu Productions in association with NBC Productions, and was created by David Dortort, who had previously created Bonanza for the network. The theme song was written and conducted by Bonanza scorer David Rose, who also scored the two-hour pilot.
Louis Laurent de Féderbe, Count of Modave
Louis Laurent de Féderbe, Count of Modave, also known as Fayd'herbe de Maudave or just Comte de Modave, was a French soldier and nobleman. He was born on June 25, 1725 at the Château de Fayet in Barraux, in the department of Isère, as the son of Jean Charles Nicolas Féderbe, Count of Modave (or Maudave) and Marie Thérèse Maniquet du Fayet, from old noble families of Dauphiné.

Starting a military career at a young age, he traveled to the Indian subcontinent in 1757, at a time of increasing European involvement in the region through the activities of the French and English East India Companies. He spent several years in India and authored memoirs, published posthumously, where he commented on the political situation of his time and the role of European powers in it, making him one of the first chroniclers of Indian-European relations. He died on December 22, 1777 in the city of Machilipatnam.

French Indies Company
The French Indies Company (French: Compagnie française des Indes orientales) was the main French overseas trading company during most of Louis XV's long reign in the 18th century. It emerged in March 1723 from the reorganization of John Law's Company following the termination of John Law's giant monetary experiment which the company had channelled. As a delayed consequence of the Seven Years' War, the company's privilege was eventually withdrawn in 1769, and the company was liquidated the next year.: 42
Professor Bull's Umbrella
Professor Bull's Umbrella is a 1954 children's picture book written by William Lipkind and Georges Schreiber, with illustrations by Schreiber. About the journey of a professor's runaway umbrella, it was published by the Viking Press to positive reviews.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Governor of Ağrı
The Governor of Ağrı (Turkish: Ağrı Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Ağrı. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Ağrı is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Ağrı. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Ağrı provincial police force and the Ağrı Gendarmerie.

Governor (Turkey)
In Turkey, a governor (Turkish: Vali) is an official responsible for the implementation of legislation, constitutional and government decisions in individual provinces. There are 81 governors in Turkey, one for each province, appointed ceremonially by the president on the recommendation of the Interior Ministry. Governors are legally required to be politically neutral and have power over public offices within their province, including the provincial police force. They also have a certain role in local government, though mayors and councillors are elected to these roles in local elections. The provincial head of security (the police force) also concurrently serves as deputy governor.

The Kaymakam (roughly translated as 'sub-governor') has similar functions and roles as the governor but operates on a district level.
Serhiivka, Serhiivka settlement hromada, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, Odesa Oblast
Serhiivka (Ukrainian: Сергіївка; Romanian: Sergheevca or Serghiești; Russian: Сергеевка) is a rural settlement in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion of Odesa Oblast in Ukraine. It is located at the Black Sea coast at the opening of Budaki Lagoon, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of the city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. Serhiivka hosts the administration of Serhiivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 5,248 (2022 estimate).

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Ukrainian: Білгород-Дністровський, IPA: [ˈbilɦorod d⁽ʲ⁾n⁽ʲ⁾iˈstrɔu̯sʲkɪj]; Romanian: Cetatea Albă; Russian: Белгород-Днестровский, romanized: Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy), historically known as Aq Kirmān (Turkish: Akkerman) or by other names, is a port city in Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It is situated on the right bank of the Dniester Estuary leading to the Black Sea, in the historical region of Budjak. It also serves as the administrative center of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion and is coterminous with Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is the location of a large freight seaport. Population: 47,727 (2022 estimate).
Virton railway station
Virton railway station (French: Gare de Virton; Dutch: Station Virton) is a railway station in Virton, Luxembourg, Belgium. It is located on railway line 165, from Athus to Libramont. It was commissioned in 1879 by the Society of Railway Virton, and was formerly called Virton-Saint-Mard railway station (French: Gare de Virton-Saint-Mard; Dutch: Station Virton-Saint-Mard). It is operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (SNCB/NMBS) and served by the following types of trains: Omnibus (L) and Rush Hour trains (P).

National Railway Company of Belgium
The National Railway Company of Belgium (Dutch: Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen, NMBS; French: Société nationale des chemins de fer belges, SNCB; German: Nationale Gesellschaft der Belgischen Eisenbahnen) is the national railway company of Belgium. The company formally styles itself using the Dutch and French abbreviations NMBS/SNCB. The corporate logo designed in 1936 by Henry van de Velde consists of the linguistically neutral letter B in a horizontal oval.
Subarnachar Upazila
Subarnachar (Bengali: সুবর্ণচর, romanized: Shubornochor) is an upazila (sub-district) of Noakhali District, located in Bangladesh's Chittagong Division. The Bhulua River and Sandwip Channel flows through it. A number of Subarnachar residents have migrated to Oman where they form a small diaspora community.

Upazila
An upazila, formerly called thana, is an administrative division in Bangladesh, functioning as a sub-unit of a district. It can be seen as an analogous to a county or a borough of Western countries. Rural upazilas are further administratively divided into union council areas (union parishads).

Bangladesh has 495 upazilas. The upazilas are the second lowest tier of regional administration in Bangladesh. The administrative structure consists of divisions (8), districts (64), upazilas (495) and union parishads (UPs). This system of devolution was introduced by the former military ruler and president of Bangladesh, Lt-Gen Hossain Muhammad Ershad, in an attempt to strengthen local government.

Below UPs, villages (gram) and para exist, but these have no administrative power and elected members. The Local Government Ordinance of 1982 was amended a year later, redesignating and upgrading the existing thanas as upazilas.
Bergius process
The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure. It was first developed by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. In 1931 Bergius was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of high-pressure chemistry.

Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, often an alkene. Catalysts are required for the reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons.
The Rise of the Phoenix
The Rise of the Phoenix is the seventh studio album by American singer Chanté Moore. It was released on September 29, 2017, through CM7 Records, her record label. Moore's debut release with CM7 coincided with the 25th anniversary of her debut album Precious (1992).  A breakaway from her previous albums, Moore worked with a smaller team of collaborators on the album, involving chief producer Lil' Ronnie and his team as well as LRoc and frequent contributor Kwamé.

The album debuted and peaked at number 24 on the US R&B Album Sales chart but failed to chart on the Billboard 200 or the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, becoming her lowest-charting album yet. Its release was preceded by the singles "Real One" and "Something to Remember," the former of which became Moore's biggest hit in years, peaking at number ten on Billboard's Adult R&B Songs chart.

Lil' Ronnie
Ronnie Jackson (born 1983), known professionally as Lil' Ronnie, is an American record producer, songwriter, and entrepreneur based in Atlanta, Georgia. Best known for his work in R&B and hip hop with artists like Bow Wow and Tamia, he is also the founder of Einnor Studios, a luxury recording complex in Alpharetta.

His production discography spans R&B, hip hop, and pop, including works for Britney Spears, Usher, Mary J. Blige, Ciara, T-Pain, and GloRilla. In addition to his commercial success, Jackson has contributed to multiple Grammy-nominated albums.
2021 Batley and Spen by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Batley and Spen was held on 1 July 2021, following the resignation of incumbent Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Tracy Brabin after being elected Mayor of West Yorkshire. Kim Leadbeater—the sister of former Batley and Spen MP Jo Cox who was assassinated in 2016—narrowly held the seat for the Labour Party with a reduced majority of 323 votes.

Murder of Jo Cox
On 16 June 2016, Jo Cox, a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batley and Spen, died after being shot and stabbed multiple times in Birstall, West Yorkshire. In November 2016, 53-year-old Thomas Alexander Mair was found guilty of her murder and other offences connected to the killing in an act of terrorism. The judge concluded that Mair wanted to advance white supremacy and exclusive nationalism most associated with Nazism and its modern forms. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.

The incident was the first killing of a sitting British MP since the death of Conservative MP Ian Gow, who was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1990, and the first murder of a politician in the United Kingdom since county councillor Andrew Pennington was killed in 2000.
Axotomous antimony glance
Axotomous antimony glance — is a partially obsolete, now trivial name under which at least two related minerals from the subclass of sulfosalts (complex sulfides),: 16  containing antimony, lead and sulfur were known in mineralogy and mineragraphy. Moreover, all three words in the title had meaningful meaning from the point of view of scientific terminology.

Axotomic, axotomous (German: axotomatisch) — meant that the mineral had a so-called perfect cleavage in a certain direction, giving a plane of easy fracture.: 10

Antimony — meant that the mineral contains a significant amount of antimony and is of interest as a natural mineral stibnite of one or more metals.

Glance — meant not just the presence of a metallic luster (shine) on the surface of a mineral, but, first of all, belonging to a broad morphological group of minerals, the so-called glances.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Fergus Whalers
The Fergus Whalers are a Junior ice hockey team based in Fergus, Ontario, Canada. They played in the PJHL, joining the league as an expansion franchise prior to the 2023-24.  The team will play in the Pollock Division of the North Conference.

The Whalers will be a continuation of Fergus involvement in junior hockey taking the place of the Fergus Devils who were a Junior ice hockey team that played in the former Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League (now a part of the PJHL). They took a leave of absence for the 2015/16 season and have not returned.

Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League
The Georgian Mid Ontario Junior C Hockey League is a former Junior "C" ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Association.  The Champion of the league competed for the All-Ontario Championship and the Clarence Schmalz Cup.

In the summer of 2016, the GMOHL merged into the Provincial Junior Hockey League and became the Carruthers Division in the Northern Conference.
Hypocnemoides
Hypocnemoides is a genus of passerine bird in the antbird family, Thamnophilidae. It contains two species, the black-chinned antbird (H. melanopogon) and the band-tailed antbird (H. maculicauda). They are found in swampy areas of northern South America. There is limited overlap in their distributions with the band-tailed antbird occurring to the south of the Amazon River and the black-chinned antbird mainly found to the north. They are fairly small birds, 11.5–12 cm in length, with a short tail and longish bill. Their plumage is grey with areas of black and white. They forage for food near water in the understorey or on the ground. The name Hypocnemoides is a combination of the genus name Hypocnemis and -oides (Greek for "resembling").

The genus contains two species:

Black-chinned antbird, Hypocnemoides melanopogon

Band-tailed antbird, Hypocnemoides maculicauda

Band-tailed antbird
The band-tailed antbird (Hypocnemoides maculicauda) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
Rowena Swanson
Rowena Weiss Swanson (born 1928) is an American information scientist. In the 1950s and 1960s she worked for the US Patent Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, helping to channel funding to computer scientists,  cyberneticians and philosophers such as Douglas Engelbart, Calvin Mooers, Marvin Minsky, Calvin Mooers, Heinz von Foerster, Gotthard Günther, Ernst von Glasersfeld, Gordon Pask, Warren McCulloch, William L. Kilmer, David Rothenberg and Max Black. In the 1970s she was Professor of Library and Information Science at the University of Denver, before working for the United States Office of Personnel Management.

United States Office of Personnel Management
The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that manages the United States federal civil service. The agency provides federal human resources policy, oversight, and support, and tends to healthcare (FEHB), life insurance (FEGLI), and retirement benefits (CSRS and FERS, but not TSP) for federal government employees, retirees, and their dependents.

OPM is headed by a director, who is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate. As of July 14, 2025, Scott Kupor is the director.
Andrew Gachkar
Andrew Gachkar (born November 4, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Diego Chargers, Dallas Cowboys, and Carolina Panthers. He was selected by the Chargers in the seventh round of the 2011 NFL draft. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers.

Missouri Tigers football
The Missouri Tigers football program represents the University of Missouri (often referred to as Mizzou) in college football, the Tigers are members in Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Siege of Corfu (1716)
The siege of Corfu took place on 8 July – 21 August 1716, when the Ottoman Empire besieged the city of Corfu, on the namesake island, then held by the Republic of Venice. The siege was part of the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War, and, coming in the aftermath of the lightning conquest of the Morea by the Ottoman forces in the previous year, was a major success for Venice, representing its last major military success and allowing it to preserve its rule over the Ionian Islands.

Kingdom of the Morea
The Kingdom of the Morea or Realm of the Morea (Italian: Regno di Morea; Venetian: Regno de Morea; Greek: Βασίλειον του Μορέως, romanized: Vasíleion tou Moréos) was the official name the Republic of Venice gave to the Peloponnese peninsula in Southern Greece (which was more widely known as the Morea until the 19th century) when it was conquered from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War in 1684–99. The Venetians tried, with considerable success, to repopulate the country and reinvigorate its agriculture and economy, but were unable to gain the allegiance of the bulk of the population, nor to secure their new possession militarily. As a result, it was lost again to the Ottomans in a brief campaign from June to September in 1715.
Salesian College, Farnborough
Salesian College is an independent Roman Catholic school in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. Founded in 1901 as a small preparatory school for boys, it soon expanded to provide secondary education owing to its increasing popularity. In November 2022, the school had a total of 634 pupils enrolled, 129 in the Sixth Form. For the 2007–08 academic year, the College announced that it would admit girls into the Sixth Form for the first time.

Independent Schools Council
The Independent Schools Council (ISC) is a non-profit lobby group that represents over 1,400 private schools in the United Kingdom. The Council acts as an umbrella organization for seven independent school associations and coordinates efforts to promote the interests of its member schools within the UK education system, including liaising with the Department for Education. Approximately 6% of school-aged children in England attend independent schools affiliated with the ISC.
Vítor Campelos
Vítor Fernando de Carvalho Campelos (born 11 May 1975) is a Portuguese football manager.

After working as an assistant to Toni in the Middle East, he managed in his own right from 2013, leading Vitória de Guimarães (interim), Moreirense, Chaves and Gil Vicente in the Primeira Liga

Gil Vicente F.C.
Gil Vicente Futebol Clube (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʒil viˈsẽtɨ]), commonly known as Gil Vicente, founded in 1924, is a Portuguese professional football club that plays in Barcelos. It plays their home matches at the Estádio Cidade de Barcelos. It competes in the Primeira Liga, the top division of football in the country, and it is named after Portuguese playwright Gil Vicente.

The club's founding occurred near the city's theater named after playwright Vicente. It first played in Primeira Liga in 1990-91. Since then, the team has been relegated to the second tier three times, having won back promotion twice by winning the Segunda Liga and once by administrative decision. The highest league finishes were two fifth-places in 1999–2000 and 2021–22. A women's football team was created for the 2018-19 season. The team has participated in the top tier, and currently has played six straight seasons in it.