hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derepazarı
Derepazarı is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey between the cities of Rize and Trabzon, 8 km west of the city of Rize. It is the seat of Derepazarı District. Its population is 3,913 (2021).

Rize
Rize (Turkish pronunciation: [ɾi'ze]; Greek: Ριζούντα, romanized: Rizoúnta; Laz: რიზინი, romanized: Rizini; Georgian: რიზე) is a coastal city in the eastern part of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Rize Province and Rize District. Its population is 119,828 (2021). Rize is a typical Turkish provincial capital with little in the way of nightlife or entertainment. Since the border with Georgia was opened in the early 1990s, the Black Sea coast road has been widened and the town is much wealthier than it used to be. Current Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's family has its roots in Rize and the local university is named after him. The city is linked by road with Trabzon (41 miles [66 km] west), Hopa (55 miles [88 km] east on the Georgian border, and Erzurum (south). The Rize–Artvin Airport started operating in 2022.
Giorgio Raguseo
Giorgio Raguseo (1580–1622) was an Italian philosopher, theologist, and orator from the Republic of Venice.

Born an illegitimate child in Dubrovnik (formerly Ragusa), Croatia, Raguseo had to beg before being taken to Venice by a gentleman who provided him an education.  He became a priest and taught at the University of Padua.

Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)
Cesare Cremonini (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare kremoˈniːni, ˈtʃɛː-]; 22 December 1550 – 19 July 1631), sometimes Cesare Cremonino, was an Italian academic and professor of natural philosophy. His Latinized name was Cæsar Cremoninus or Cæsar Cremonius. Considered one of the greatest philosophers in his time, patronized by Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, corresponding with kings and princes who had his portrait, paid twice the salary of Galileo Galilei, he is now more remembered as an infamous side actor of the Galileo affair, being one of the two scholars who refused to look through Galileo's telescope.
Adriana Vilagoš
Adriana Vilagoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Адриана Вилагош; Hungarian: Világos Adriana; born 2 January 2004) is a Serbian athlete who specializes in the javelin throw. At the age of 18, she won silver medal at the 2022 European Athletics Championships, becoming the youngest ever European medallist in a throwing event. One year prior, Vilagoš was for the first time the World Under-20 Champion and earned silver medal at the European U20 Championships successfully defending her World U20 title in 2022 and breaking championship and European U20 records in the process.

2022 European Athletics Championships
The 2022 European Athletics Championships were the 25th edition of the European Athletics Championships and were held in Munich, Germany, from 15 to 21 August 2022.

They were part of the European Championships, a multi-sport tournament which brings together the existing European Championships of some of the continent's sports.

The venue Olympiastadion had previously hosted the Athletics events during the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Germany headed the medal table on 7 gold medals, while Great Britain, second on gold medals won with 6, won the most overall medals, 20.
Claus Kreul
Claus Kreul (26 May 1944 – 7 February 2024) was a German football player and manager. A right-back, he played in the DDR-Oberliga for FC Karl-Marx-Stadt and BSG Wismut Aue and later managed several Oberliga teams. Kreul died in February 2024, at the age of 79.

FC Erzgebirge Aue
Fußball Club Erzgebirge Aue e.V., commonly known as simply FC Erzgebirge Aue or Erzgebirge Aue (German pronunciation: [ˌeːɐ̯t͡sɡəbɪʁɡə ˈaʊ̯ə] ⓘ), is a German football club based in Aue-Bad Schlema, Saxony. The former East German side was a founding member of the 3. Liga in 2008–09, after being relegated from the 2. Bundesliga in 2007–08. The city of Aue-Bad Schlema has a population of about 20,800, making it one of the smallest cities to ever host a club playing at the second highest level of German football. However, the team attracts supporters from a larger urban area that includes Chemnitz and Zwickau, whose own football sides (CFC and FSV) are among Aue's traditional rivals.
Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence
In mathematics, especially in the fields of group cohomology, homological algebra and number theory, the Lyndon spectral sequence or Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence is a spectral sequence relating the group cohomology of a normal subgroup N and the quotient group G/N to the cohomology of the total group G.  The spectral sequence is named after Roger Lyndon, Gerhard Hochschild, and Jean-Pierre Serre.

Gerhard Hochschild
Gerhard Paul Hochschild (April 29, 1915 in Berlin – July 8, 2010 in El Cerrito, California) was a German-born American mathematician who worked on Lie groups, algebraic groups, homological algebra and algebraic number theory.
Pope Soter
Pope Soter (Greek: Σωτήρ, Latin: Soterius) was the bishop of Rome from c. 167 to his death in c. 174. According to the Annuario Pontificio, the dates may have ranged from 162–168 to 170–177. He was born in Fundi, in the Lazio region of Italy. Soter is known for declaring that marriage was valid only as a sacrament blessed by a priest and also for formally inaugurating Easter as an annual festival in Rome. His name, from Greek Σωτήριος from σωτήρ "saviour", would be his baptismal name, as his lifetime predates the tradition of adopting papal names.

Fondi
Fondi (Latin: Fundi; Southern Laziale: Fùnn) is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. As of 2017, the city had a population of 39,800. The city has experienced steady population growth since the early 2000s, though this has slowed in recent years.

Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to much of southern Italy.
Matutano
Matutano (officially Matutano Snack Ventures, S.A.) is a producer and distributor of snacks and potato chips with headquarters in Barcelona, operating the markets of Spain and Portugal (here through its subsidiary Matutano Unipessoal Lda.). The company was founded in 1965 by Luis Matutano Jover, and since 1971 is part of multinational Frito Lay.

Currently, Matutano distributes for the Iberian Peninsula PepsiCo snacks as Lays, Fritos, Cheetos,  Doritos and Ruffles among other brands.

Ruffles (potato chips)
Ruffles (known as Lays Maxx or Lays Max in some countries, Walkers Max, Walkers Max Double Crunch or Walkers Max Strong for the UK and Ireland markets, and Lays Ondas for Peru) is an American brand of crinkle-cut potato chips. The Frito Company acquired the rights to Ruffles brand potato chips in 1958 from its creator, Bernhardt Stahmer, who had adopted the trademark on May 11th, 1948. Frito merged with H.W. Lay & Co. in 1961 to form Frito-Lay.
Vigneux-sur-Seine station
Vigneux-sur-Seine is a railway station in Vigneux-sur-Seine, Essonne, Île-de-France, France. The station was opened in 1973 and is on the Villeneuve-Saint-Georges–Montargis railway. The station is served by the RER Line D, which is operated by SNCF. The station serves the commune of Vigneux-sur-Seine.

RER D
RER D is one of the five lines in the Réseau Express Régional (English: Regional Express Network), a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Paris and its suburbs. The 190-kilometre (120 mi) line crosses the region from north to south, with all trains serving a group of stations in central Paris, before branching out towards the ends of the line.

The line connects Creil in the north to Melun and Malesherbes in the south, passing through the heart of Paris. Line D also links Gare du Nord with Gare de Lyon via Châtelet-Les Halles.

Opened in stages from 1987 to 1996, it is the longest RER line by distance, and the busiest SNCF line in France, carrying up to 615,000 passengers and operating 466 trains each working day.

Almost all of the line is located in the Île-de-France region, that is, within the jurisdiction of the Île-de-France Mobilités, but some of the branch lines at the north and south of the line are outside the region.
Saara Orav
Saara Orav (born 30 December 2001) is an inactive Estonian tennis player.

She currently attends Rice University. She is at Baker college pursuing a B.S. degree of mechanical engineering.

Playing for Estonia Fed Cup team, Orav has a win–loss record of 3–4.

She has been playing only two matches (first-round losses) on the ITF Circuit since February 2020.

Estonia Billie Jean King Cup team
The Estonia Billie Jean King Cup team represents Estonia in the Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Estonian Tennis Association.

Estonia has competed in Fed Cup since 1992.

In 2022, Estonia competes in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I.
Generalized second-price auction
The generalized second-price auction (GSP) is a non-truthful auction mechanism for multiple items. Each bidder places a bid. The highest bidder gets the first slot, the second-highest, the second slot and so on, but the highest bidder pays the price bid by the second-highest bidder, the second-highest pays the price bid by the third-highest, and so on. First conceived as a natural extension of the Vickrey auction, it conserves some of the desirable properties of the Vickrey auction. It is used mainly in the context of keyword auctions, where sponsored search slots are sold on an auction basis. The first analyses of GSP are in the economics literature by Edelman, Ostrovsky, and Schwarz and by Varian. It is used by Google's AdWords technology and Facebook.

Google Ads
Google Ads, formerly known as Google AdWords, is an online advertising platform developed by Google, where advertisers bid to display brief digital advertisements, service offerings, product listings, and videos to web users. It can place ads in the results of search engines like Google Search (the Google Search Network), mobile apps, videos, and on non-search websites. Services are offered under a pay-per-click (PPC) pricing model, and a cost-per-view (CPV) pricing model.
Not a Pretty Picture
Not a Pretty Picture is a 1976 American docudrama film. The film was written, produced and directed by Martha Coolidge, marking her narrative feature film directorial debut, after years of working as a documentary filmmaker in the early to mid-1970s. The film recreates Coolidge's experience of being raped by an acquaintance when she was sixteen years old in 1962, then focuses on the aftermath. The film first premiered in March 31, 1976 in New York City. It went on to screen at the 1976 Toronto International Film Festival, 1978 Sundance Film Festival (then known as Utah/US Film Festival) and in arthouse theaters. In 2022, the film was restored by the Academy Film Archive and The Film Foundation and was given a limited theatrical release.

The Film Foundation
The Film Foundation is a US-based non-profit organization dedicated to film preservation and the exhibition of restored and classic cinema. It was founded by director Martin Scorsese and several other leading filmmakers in 1990. The foundation raises funds and awareness for film preservation projects and creates educational programs about film. The foundation and its partners have restored more than 900 films.
2021 South India floods
The 2021 South India floods are a series of floods associated with Depression BOB 05 and a low pressure system that caused widespread disruption across the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and the nearby Sri Lanka. The rainfall started on 1 November in Tamil Nadu. The flooding was caused by extremely heavy downpours from BOB 05, killing at least 41 people across India and Sri Lanka.

2015 South India floods
The 2015 South India floods resulted from heavy rainfall generated by the annual northeast monsoon in November–December 2015. They affected the Coromandel Coast region of the South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. More than 500 people were killed and over 1.8 million (18 lakh) people were displaced. With estimates of damages and losses ranging from nearly ₹200 billion (US$2 billion) to over ₹1 trillion (US$12 billion), the floods were the costliest to have occurred in 2015, and were among the costliest natural disasters of the year.

Though the unusually heavy rainfall in southern India during the winter of 2015 has been attributed to the 2014–16 El Niño event, in July 2018 the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) categorised the flooding across Tamil Nadu as a "man-made disaster", and held the Government of Tamil Nadu responsible for the scale of the catastrophe, which the latter had termed a natural disaster.
Adrian Stokes (physician)
Captain Adrian Stokes, DSO OBE FRCSI MRCP (9 February 1887 – 19 September 1927) was an Irish physician and microbiologist and British Army soldier who worked as professor of bacteriology at Trinity College Dublin, and later as Sir Willian Dunn Professor of Pathology in the University of London at Guy's Hospital. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I and was member of the Yellow Fever Commission in West Africa.

Stokes is most well known for his discovery of the virus (now named Orthoflavivirus flava) that caused yellow fever, the disease with which he died. He also discovered a bacterium Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae (now called Leptospira interrogans), which causes epidemic jaundice (and other symptoms now collectively called leptospirosis), in rats which directly implied rodent control as the most important preventive measure. He developed nasal cannula used for giving oxygen through the nose.

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a not-for-profit medical professional and educational institution, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. It was established in 1784 as the national body for the surgical branch of medicine in Ireland, with a role in supervision of training, and as of 2021 provides a broad range of medical education in multiple countries.

RCSI's main campus is situated on St. Stephen's Green and York Street in central Dublin and incorporates schools of medicine, pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, physiotherapy, population health, dentistry and nursing and midwifery.  It offers undergraduate and postgraduate education in a number of healthcare fields.

RCSI was ranked first in the world for SDG3 Good Health and Well-being in the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2025.
Rolando Andaya Jr.
Rolando Aureo Gutierrez Andaya Jr. (March 10, 1969 – June 30, 2022), also known as Nonoy Andaya, was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives. He represented the 1st district of Camarines Sur from 1998 to 2006 and again from 2010 to 2019. During the 17th Congress, he was a House Deputy Speaker from 2016 to 2018 and was subsequently elected House Majority Leader, serving from 2018 to 2019. In his inter-congressional years, he was the Secretary of Budget and Management from 2006 to 2010 in President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's cabinet.

Secretary of Budget and Management
The secretary of budget and management  (Filipino: Kalihim ng Pagbabadyet at Pamamahala) is the head of the Philippine government's Department of Budget and Management and is a member of the president's Cabinet.

The position is currently held by  Undersecretary Rolando U. Toledo serving as Acting Secretary since November 17, 2025.

The department has four undersecretaries and four assistant secretaries.
History of Chinese immigration to Canada
Chinese immigrants began settling in Canada in the 1780s. The major periods of Chinese immigration took place from 1858 to 1923, and indefinitely from 1947, reflecting changes in the Canada's immigration policy.

Chinese immigrants were initially sought after by Canadian employers as a source of cheap labour due to Canada's relative wealth at the time and the difficult economic conditions in China. Between 1880 and 1885, the primary work for Chinese labourers in Canada was on the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), but records of Chinese immigration start more than a century earlier.

Chinese head tax
The Chinese head tax was a fixed fee charged to every Chinese person entering Canada. The head tax was first levied after the Canadian parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and it was meant to discourage Chinese people from entering Canada after the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). The tax was abolished by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, which outright prevented all Chinese immigration except for that of business people, clergy, educators, students, and some others.
Neaetha irreperta
Neaetha irreperta is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Neaetha that lives in South Africa and Tanzania. First described in 2000 by Wanda Wesołowska & Anthony Russell-Smith, the spider is small, with a dark brown carapace that is between 1.2 and 1.4 mm (0.047 and 0.055 in) long and a deep red-brown abdomen between 1.1 and 1.5 mm (0.043 and 0.059 in) long. The abdomen has a pattern that is indistinct on the male, but a clearer set of grey lines and marks on the female, and this, along with the width of the abdomen, distinguishes the species from other in the genus. The male has a long embolus and the female's sclerotized epigyne has a central pocket and wide copulatory openings.

Jumping spider
Jumping spiders are spiders in the family Salticidae, with almost 700 genera and around 7,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods — being capable of stereoptic color vision — and use sight in courtship, hunting, and navigation.

Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair (the two front middle eyes) being particularly large.
James Ho
James Chiun-Yue Ho (Chinese: 何俊宇; pinyin: Hé Jùnyǔ; born February 27, 1973) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was appointed in 2018 by President Donald Trump, becoming the Fifth Circuit's only Asian-American judge and the only judge to be an immigrant.

Born to Taiwanese American immigrants, Ho emigrated from Taiwan as a child and graduated from Stanford University and the University of Chicago Law School. He served as the Solicitor General of Texas from 2008 to 2010, becoming the first Asian-American to hold the position. He has been identified as a potential Supreme Court nominee for Donald Trump's second term.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (in case citations, 5th Cir.) is one of the 13 United States courts of appeals. It has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts in the following federal judicial districts:

Eastern District of Louisiana

Middle District of Louisiana

Western District of Louisiana

Northern District of Mississippi

Southern District of Mississippi

Eastern District of Texas

Northern District of Texas

Southern District of Texas

Western District of Texas

The Fifth Circuit has 17 active judgeships, and is headquartered at the John Minor Wisdom United States Court of Appeals Building in New Orleans, Louisiana, with the clerk's office located at the F. Edward Hebert Federal Building in New Orleans.

Originally, the Fifth Circuit also included the federal district courts in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. In 1981, the district courts for those states were transferred to the newly created U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
Southmont High School
Southmont High School is a public high school located at 6425 US 231 South, unincorporated Montgomery County, Indiana, east of New Market and south of Crawfordsville. It is a part of the South Montgomery Community School Corporation.

Communities served include portions of Crawfordsville, Alamo, Ladoga, Lake Holiday, New Market, New Ross, and Waveland.

Crawfordsville, Indiana
Crawfordsville (/ˈkrɑːfərdsˌvil/) is a city in Montgomery County in west central Indiana, United States, 49 miles (79 km) west by northwest of Indianapolis. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 16,306. The city is the county seat of Montgomery County, the only chartered city and the largest populated place in the county. It is the principal city of the Crawfordsville, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Montgomery County. The city is also part of the Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN Combined Statistical Area.

The city was founded in 1823 on the bank of Sugar Creek, a southern tributary of the Wabash River and named for U.S. Treasury Secretary William H. Crawford. The city is home to Wabash College, a private liberal arts men's college, and the General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, a National Historic Landmark.
Majuro Cooperative School
Majuro Cooperative International School (Co-op) is a PreK-12, non-religious private school in Majuro, Marshall Islands. The school is located in the southeastern part of Majuro.

It was established in 1975.

The Marshall Islands Journal stated in 2015 that the school " is the most consistent" in the placement tests of the College of the Marshall Islands (CMI). In 2014 22 students took the CMI English placement test with 27% achieving the credit level, the second highest percentage of any high school in the Marshall Islands.

Western Association of Schools and Colleges accredits the school. It was re-accredited by the WASC in 2016 and this is to run through 2022.

The Marshall Islands Journal
The Marshall Islands Journal is a bilingual weekly newspaper published in the Marshall Islands. Founded in 1970, it is the sole newspaper in the country and has a circulation of approximately 2,000 copies each week as of 2018. It is published in English and Marshallese.
Keshav Prasad Maurya
Keshav Prasad Maurya (born 7 May 1969) is an Indian politician, currently serving as the 5th Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh under Yogi Adityanath (alongside with Dinesh Sarma in 2017-22 with Brajesh Pathak from 2022). He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Maurya was associated with a right-wing Hindu organization Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, before entering active politics through BJP. He was also involved in cow protectionism in his early life. Before the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections, he was made state president of the BJP, and after the victory of BJP, he was appointed Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in the first Yogi Adityanath Government. Maurya again contested the legislative assembly elections in 2022 from Sirathu Assembly constituency, losing to Pallavi Patel of Samajwadi Party. However, he was given a second term as Deputy CM in the second Yogi Adityanath government.

Sirathu Assembly constituency
Sirathu is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Sirathu in the Kaushambi district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Sirathu is one of five assembly constituencies in the Kaushambi Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 251 amongst 403 constituencies. This constituency is dominated by Patels, Pasis and Pandits. There exists a substantial population of Mauryas and Kushwahas as well.