hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Murtadha al-Shirazi
Ayatollah Sayyid Murtadha al-Hussaini al-Shirazi (Arabic: مرتضى الحسيني الشيرازي, Persian: مرتضی حسینی شیرازی; b. 1964) is a Shia mujtahid and author. He is the second son of late grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad al-Shirazi. He teaches a number of higher level classes in Islamic law, legal theory and Quranic exegesis at the religious seminary of Najaf, Iraq.

Marja'
Marja' (Arabic: مرجع, romanized: marjiʿ ; plural marājiʿ ; lit. 'source to follow'  or 'religious reference') is a title given to the highest level of Twelver Shia religious cleric, with the authority given by a hawzah (a seminary where Shi'a Muslim scholars are educated) to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and clerics below him in rank. The highest ranking marjiʿ is known as the marja al-mutlaq or marja al-taqlid al-mutlaq. A marji' is usually also a grand ayatollah.

Sources differ as to when the institution of the marja' emerged, with Murtadha al-Ansari (died 1864) and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (died 940 or 941) both being called the first marja'.

As of 2023, there are more than 50 living maraji, almost all residing in Iran or Iraq.
John Schultz (writer)
John Schultz (July 28, 1932 – May 6, 2017) was an American writer of fiction and non-fiction. He was also a teacher of writing, the creator of the Story Workshop method of writing instruction, and an emeritus professor in the Fiction Writing Department at Columbia College Chicago. He was born on July 28, 1932, in Iberia, Missouri, served as an army medic from 1953 to 1955, and then worked in Chicago as a writer and teacher. He died in 2017 at the age of 84 in his home of Riverside, a suburb of Chicago.

Columbia College Chicago
Columbia College Chicago is a private art college in Chicago, Illinois, United States.  Founded in 1890, it has 4,200 students (as of fall 2025) pursuing degrees in more than 40 undergraduate and graduate degree programs.  It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

As of July 1, 2025, Shantay N. Bolton is the president and CEO of Columbia College Chicago.

Columbia College Chicago is the host institution of several affiliated educational, cultural, and research organizations, including the Center for Black Music Research, the Center for Book and Paper Arts, the Center for Community Arts Partnerships, the Dance Center of Columbia College Chicago, and the Museum of Contemporary Photography (MoCP).

Columbia College Chicago is not affiliated with Columbia University, Columbia College Hollywood, or any other Columbia College in the United States. However, Columbia College Hollywood was originally founded as a branch campus of Columbia College Chicago from 1952-1957.
Carson Foster
Carson James Foster (born October 26, 2001) is an American competitive swimmer, who competed for the University of Texas Longhorns and represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, winning a bronze medal in the close finish of the 400-meter individual medley and a silver medal in the Men's 4 × 200 meter freestyle relay.  Outstanding in international competition, he was a triple gold medalist at the 2019 World Junior Championships in Budapest, and a double silver medalist at the 2017 World Junior Championships in Indianapolis. Foster also represented the United States at the 2018 Junior Pan Pacific Championships in Suva, Fiji, winning four gold medals in medley, freestyle and backstroke events.

Texas Longhorns swimming and diving
The Texas Longhorns swimming and diving program represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's and women's swimming and diving competition. The Longhorns competed in the Big 12 Conference through the 2023–24 season and moved to the Southeastern Conference (SEC) on July 1, 2024.

The first swim team at the University of Texas was created and developed under Tex Robertson. Robertson was the head coach of the team between 1936 and 1943 and between 1946 and 1950. During that period he led the Longhorns to 13 Southwest Conference championships.

In 1979, Eddie Reese became the head coach of the men's swimming team. Under Reese, the Texas men's team has won 15 NCAA championships, the most among all programs, and 41 consecutive conference championships. The women's team has won seven NCAA championships and two AIAW championships.
Unilateral shift operator
In operator theory, the unilateral shift is an operator on a Hilbert space. It is often studied in two main representations: as an operator on the sequence space , or as a multiplication operator on a Hardy space. Its properties, particularly its invariant subspaces, are well-understood and serve as a model for more general theories.

Operator theory
In mathematics, operator theory is the study of linear operators on function spaces, beginning with differential operators and integral operators. The operators may be presented abstractly by their characteristics, such as bounded linear operators or closed operators, and consideration may be given to nonlinear operators. The study, which depends heavily on the topology of function spaces, is a branch of functional analysis.

If a collection of operators forms an algebra over a field, then it is an operator algebra. The description of operator algebras is part of operator theory.
Garnudden Nature Reserve
Garnudden Nature Reserve (Swedish: Garnuddens naturreservat) is a nature reserve in Salem Municipality, Stockholm County in Sweden.

The purpose of the nature reserve is to protect the natural values of the area for the future, as it is located close to an urban environment, as well as an effort to sustain the biodiversity of the area. The area is topographically varied and is typical for forest areas on Södertörn. Several protected species are known from the area, including Phellinus pini and Cortinarius sulfurinus.

The area is accessible to visitors via footpaths. A beach for bathing also lies within the reserve and is supervised by Salem Municipality.

Salem Municipality
Salem Municipality (Swedish: Salems kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The name traces its origins from Slæm in the 13th century, but was changed to Salem in the 17th century, inspired by the Biblical name of Jerusalem. Its seat is located in Salem.
Wotter
Wotter is a village near Shaugh Prior on the south western edge of Dartmoor, in the English county of Devon. The village was founded in 1906: previously, there had only been a farm and two houses between Shaugh Prior and Lee Moor.

Shaugh Prior
Shaugh Prior is a village and civil parish on the south-western side of Dartmoor in the county of Devon, England. It is situated about 8 miles north-east of the historic centre of the city of Plymouth. In 2001 its population was 751. The parish stretches from the edge of Plymouth to the high moorland of Dartmoor. The River Plym forms its western and northern boundaries up to the river's source at Plym Head. The higher parts of the parish are rich in Bronze Age monuments such as cists and cairns, and there is much evidence of tin mining. The area of Lee Moor that has been much mined for china clay is within the parish, but outside the Dartmoor National Park.

The name derives from Old English sceaga, a copse, and the fact that the manor belonged to Plympton Priory.

The grade I listed church dedicated to St. Edward has its origins in the 11th century, but the present building with its prominent granite tower, dates from the 15th.
American Wolves
The American Wolves were a professional wrestling tag team which consisted of Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards. They are seven-time world tag team champions being five-time TNA World Tag Team Champions and two-time ROH World Tag Team Champions.

The two started out as members of Larry Sweeney's alliance Sweet 'N' Sour Inc., but forged a tag team on their own. As well as being a tag team unit, the two wrestlers have had strong singles careers, with Edwards being ROH's first World Television Champion and the first to complete the Triple Crown Championship after winning the ROH World Championship, which he then went on to drop to Richards. They were originally managed by Shane Hagadorn when they portrayed villainous characters, but later abandoned him to become fan favorites. They left ROH in 2013, and debuted for TNA in January 2014, winning the TNA World Tag Team Championship a month later.

ROH World Television Championship
The ROH World Television Championship is a men's professional wrestling world television championship created and promoted by the American promotion Ring of Honor (ROH). With the introduction of the title on January 20, 2010, the television-type championship returned to national exposure. The inaugural champion was Eddie Edwards. In addition to being in ROH, the championship is also occasionally defended on All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) programs, as AEW and ROH are both owned by Tony Khan. The reigning champion is Nick Wayne, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating Komander at AEW Collision: Spring BreakThru on April 17, 2025.
Nikolay Vasiliev (Russian politician)
Nikolay Ivanovich Vasiliev (Russian: Николай Иванович Васильев; born 28 March 1958, Grachyovsky District, Orenburg Oblast) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 6th and 8th State Dumas.

After graduating from the State University of Management, Vasiliev worked at the Dolgoprudnenskoe Scientific Production Plant. Later he worked at the Government of the Moscow Oblast as an advisor to the deputy of the State Duma. From 2007 to 2011, he was the deputy of the Moscow Oblast Duma. In 2011, he became the deputy of the 6th State Duma. On September 18, 2016, he was elected deputy of the Moscow Oblast Duma. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma.

6th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации VI созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.

The 6th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2011 parliamentary election. Of the seven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
Anna Lewis (suffragette)
Anna Lewis (1889–1976) was a British suffragette, member of the militant Women's Social and Political Union. Lewis was imprisoned at least three times, went on hunger strike and was force-fed by the authorities, fighting the cause of women's rights to vote. Lewis was awarded the Holloway brooch (twice) and the WPSU Hunger Strike Medal on 10 February 1914 "for Valour". Her medals were auctioned to a private buyer for over £27,000, one of the highest prices for such items in May 2019.

Holloway brooch
The Holloway brooch was presented by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) to women who had been imprisoned at Holloway Prison for militant suffragette activity. It is also referred to as the "Portcullis badge", the "Holloway Prison brooch" and the "Victoria Cross of the Union".
The Dyke and the Dybbuk
The Dyke and the Dybbuk is a 1993 novel by Ellen Galford.

The novel is a satirical story based on Jewish folklore, in which an ancient dybbuk – a malicious possessing spirit – returns to haunt a modern-day London lesbian.

Dybbuk
In Jewish mythology, a dybbuk (/ˈdɪbək/; Yiddish: דיבוק, from the Hebrew verb דָּבַק‎ dāḇaq, meaning 'adhere' or 'cling') is a malicious possessing spirit believed to be the dislocated soul of a dead person. It supposedly leaves the host body once it has accomplished its goal, sometimes after being exorcised.
Second Maratha invasion of Bengal
The Second Maratha invasion of Bengal was a military campaign from March to May 1743, during which Raghuji Bhonsle, instigated by Bhaskar, led a large army into Bengal Subah in February 1743 to enforce the chauth for Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.

Concurrently, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, at Muhammad Shah's request, entered Bihar with another Maratha army to counter Raghuji. The Peshwa and Nawab Alivardi Khan met at Plassey, where Alivardi agreed to pay Shahu the chauth for Bengal and 22 lakh rupees to the Peshwa, who promised to prevent future invasions by Raghuji. The combined forces of the Nawab and the Peshwa defeated and expelled Raghuji, and both Maratha armies withdrew from Bengal by the end of May 1743.

Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar
Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar, known as Baba Bhaskar Pandit or Bhaskar Pant by the people of Bengal and Maharashtra, was a Maratha general and statesman. He was the dewan (Finance Minister) of the Maharaja of Nagpur, Raghuji Bhonsle. He played an important role in the kingdom of Nagpur's expansion. The first Maratha invasion of Bengal in 1741, as also the third in 1744, was led by him. He was an able military leader, proven by his success in the Maratha invasions of Bengal and conquest of Chhattisgarh. He was killed by Alivardi Khan on 30 March 1744.
Miners Foundry
The Miners Foundry (previously Nevada Foundry; Nevada Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, George Allan's Foundry and Machine Works, American Victorian Museum, Miners Foundry and Supply Company; currently Miners Foundry Cultural Center) is located at 325 Spring Street, Nevada City, California, USA.  Built in Nevada County in 1856, it is a California Historical Landmark as, in 1879, the foundry became the first manufacturing site of the Pelton wheel.

Nevada County, California
Nevada County (/nɪˈvædə/ ⓘ niv-AD-ə; Nevada, Spanish for "Snowy") is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the Sierra Nevada. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 102,241. The county seat is Nevada City. Nevada County comprises the Truckee-Grass Valley micropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento-Roseville combined statistical area, part of the Mother Lode Country.
South Whizz Dome
South Whizz Dome is a granite dome in the Tuolumne Meadows area of Yosemite National Park. South Whizz Dome is a bit south, of Cathedral Creek, which has its source, near Cathedral Peak. South Whizz Dome Dome is north of both Medlicott Dome and Pywiack Dome, both of which are south of California State Route 120, which runs through Tuolumne Meadows to Tioga Pass. It is near Hammer Dome, also, Daff Dome and Polly Dome are nearby.

Polly Dome
Polly Dome  is a prominent granite dome rising 1,640 feet (500 m) above the northwest side of Tenaya Lake and Tioga Road in the Yosemite high country. The dome, more than 3 kilometers (~2 miles) long, is a substantially intact mass of granitic rock that has withstood heavy glaciation and exfoliation.  Forest clings to the less-steep parts of its north and west slopes. The southwest end of Polly Dome consists of the Stately Pleasure Dome, 740 feet (230 m) lower than Polly Dome, but rising very steeply 900 feet (270 m) from the shore of the lake. Polly Dome's summit has unobstructed views east to the Cathedral Range, north over Tuolumne Meadows to the Sierra crest, northwest over the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne and southwest to Half Dome.
Christine Abizaid
Christine Sandra Abizaid (born February 7, 1979) is an American intelligence officer who was the director of the National Counterterrorism Center in the Biden administration from 2021 to 2024, becoming the first woman and first openly gay person to hold the position.

She previously held roles in the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Security Council, and the Department of Defense, where she was Deputy Assistant Secretary for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia. Abizaid also worked in the private sector with Dell and led the Defense Innovation Unit in Texas.

Appointed by President Joe Biden, her tenure at NCTC included key counter-terrorism efforts, such as the 2022 drone strike on al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri. She later stepped down in July 2024.

She is the daughter of General John Abizaid, former U.S. Central Command commander and U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia.

United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and composed of senior national security advisors and presidential cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, the function of the council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy, from the Korean War to the war on terror.
Rolls-Royce Spey
The Rolls-Royce Spey (company designations RB.163 and RB.168 and RB.183) is a low-bypass turbofan engine originally designed and manufactured by Rolls-Royce that has been in widespread service for over 40 years. A co-development version of the Spey between Rolls-Royce and Allison in the 1960s is the Allison TF41.

Intended for the smaller civilian jet airliner market when it was being designed in the late 1950s, the Spey concept was also used in various military engines, and later as a turboshaft engine for ships known as the Marine Spey, and even as the basis for a new civilian line, the Rolls-Royce RB.183 Tay.

Aviation versions of the base model Spey have accumulated over 50 million hours of flight time. In keeping with Rolls-Royce naming practices, the engine is named after the River Spey.

Allison Engine Company
The Allison Engine Company was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. Shortly after the death of James Allison in 1929 the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers. Fisher sold the company to General Motors, which owned it for most of its history. It was acquired by Rolls-Royce in 1995 to become Rolls-Royce North America.
Maviz Rural District
Maviz Rural District (Persian: دهستان مويز) is in the Central District of Shahriar County, Tehran province, Iran. Its capital was the village of Deh Maviz until it was merged with several other villages to form the city of Baghestan.

Baghestan
Baghestan (Persian: باغستان) is a city in the Central District of Shahriar County, Tehran province, Iran. In 2004, the village of Khademabad-e Qods (خادم‌آباد قدس) merged with the villages of Deh-e Mavizeh (ده مویزه), Sadeqiyeh (صادقیه‌), Nasirabad (نصیرآباد), and Shahrak-e Motahari (شهرک مطهری) (Kavasiyeh [کاوسیه‌]) to form the city of Baghestan. After the 2016 National Census, the village of Baba Salman was annexed by the city.
The Mutiny of the Bounty
The Mutiny of the Bounty is a 1916 Australian-New Zealand silent film directed by Raymond Longford about the mutiny aboard HMS Bounty. It is the first known cinematic dramatisation of this story and is considered a lost film.

HMS Bounty
HMS Bounty, also known as HMAV (His Majesty's Armed Vessel) Bounty, was a British merchant ship that the Royal Navy purchased in 1787 for a botanical mission. The ship was sent to the South Pacific Ocean under the command of William Bligh to acquire breadfruit plants and transport them to the British West Indies. That mission was never completed owing to a 1789 mutiny led by acting lieutenant Fletcher Christian, an incident now popularly known as the Mutiny on the Bounty. The mutineers later burned Bounty while she was moored at Pitcairn Island in the Southern Pacific Ocean in 1790. An American adventurer helped land several remains of Bounty in 1957.
The Older I Get
"The Older I Get" is the fourth single released by the Christian rock band Skillet from their sixth album Comatose in 2007. The song was also released on an EP called "The Older I Get EP." The song charted at No. 27 on the US Mainstream Rock Tracks and No. 14 on the Billboard US Hot Christian Songs chart.

R&R magazine counted it as the No. 19 most-played song in 2008 for Christian contemporary hit radio (CHR) with 11,693 plays.

It appears on the compilation, WOW Hits 1.

R&R (magazine)
R&R (also known as the "new" Radio & Records) was a weekly music trade publication that followed the radio industry and tracked the monitoring of current songs by format, station and audience cumes. The magazine was a sister publication to Billboard magazine and was mostly available through subscription to people who work in the radio industry and music chart enthusiasts, as well as various record stores and newsstands. On June 5, 2009, parent company AC Nielsen ceased operations on R&R just short of three years after acquiring the former independent trade periodical.  When it ceased publication in 2009, R&R was the successor-in-interest of publications that traced their operations back to 1973.
The Vanishing Pioneer
The Vanishing Pioneer is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by John Waters and starring Jack Holt, Sally Blane and William Powell. Holt's son, Tim makes his screen debut in this film The film is now lost. It is based on a story by Zane Grey. Parts of the film were shot in Zion National Park and Springdale, Utah.: 286

Tim Holt
Charles John "Tim" Holt III (February 5, 1919 – February 15, 1973) was an American actor. He was a popular Western star during the 1940s and early 1950s, appearing in forty-six B westerns released by RKO Pictures.

In a career spanning more than four decades, Holt is best remembered for his roles in the films The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), My Darling Clementine (1946) and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948).
Henry Ford II
Henry Ford II (September 4, 1917 – September 29, 1987), commonly known as "Hank the Deuce," was an American businessman in the automotive industry. He was the oldest son of Edsel Ford I and oldest grandson of Henry Ford. He served as president of the Ford Motor Company from 1945 to 1960, chief executive officer (CEO) from 1947 to 1979, and chairman of the board of directors from 1960 to 1980. Under his leadership, Ford Motor Company became a publicly traded corporation in 1956. From 1943 to 1950, he also served as president of the Ford Foundation.

William Clay Ford Sr.
William Clay Ford Sr. (March 14, 1925 – March 9, 2014) was an American businessman who was on the boards of Ford Motor Company and the Edison Institute. Ford owned the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1964 until his death. He was the youngest child of Edsel Ford and was the last surviving grandchild of Henry Ford.
John Warren (Australian politician)
John Warren (3 September 1830 – 13 September 1914) was an Australian pastoralist and politician. He was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1888 to 1912, representing North-Eastern District.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.