hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tamás Terlaky
Tamás Terlaky is a Hungarian-Canadian-American professor of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Lehigh University. He is especially well known for his work on criss-cross algorithms, interior-point methods, Klee-Minty examples for path following algorithms, and optimization.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Kalanemi (Ramayana)
Kalanemi (Sanskrit: कालनेमि, romanized: Kālanemi) is a rakshasa mentioned in various adaptations of the Hindu epic Ramayana. He is the son of Maricha, who was tasked by Ravana, the epic's main antagonist to kill Hanuman. Although not part of Valmiki Ramayana, his encounter with Hanuman has been described in several versions, but at last he was defeated by Hanuman.

Maricha
In the Hindu epic Ramayana, Maricha, or Mareecha (Sanskrit: मारीच, IAST: Mārīca), is a rakshasha, who was killed by Rama, the hero of the epic and an avatar of Vishnu. He is mentioned as an ally of Ravana, the antagonist of the epic. His most notable exploit is his role in the kidnapping of Sita, Rama's wife.

Cursed to be a rakshasa along with his mother Tadaka and brother Subahu, Maricha initially led his life terrorizing sages. He was defeated by Rama at the behest of the sage Vishvamitra. He tried again to kill Rama, but had to run for his life again. Ultimately, Maricha assumed the form of a golden deer and helped Ravana kidnap Sita.
2024 Big West Conference men's soccer tournament
The 2024 Big West Conference men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the Big West Conference held on November 6 through 15, 2024. All rounds of the tournament were hosted at the higher seeds home stadium. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the UC Irvine Anteaters. UC Irvine was unable to defend its crown as the third seed, falling to UC Santa Barbara in the Semifinals, 2–1. Fourth seed UC Davis would go on to win the tournament defeating UC Santa Barbara 2–0 in the Final.  This was the second Big West tournament title for the UC Davis program, and their first since 2019. The title was also the second for head coach Dwayne Shaffer. As tournament champions, UC Davis earned the Big West's automatic berth into the 2024 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

UC Irvine Anteaters men's soccer
The UC Irvine Anteaters men's soccer program represents the University of California, Irvine in all NCAA Division I men's college soccer competitions. Founded in 1984, the Anteaters compete in the Big West Conference.

The Anteaters are coached by Yossi Raz, who has coached the team since 2017 after previously coaching the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and serving as an assistant for the Cal State Northridge Matadors. UC Irvine plays their home matches at Anteater Stadium.
John D. Batten
John Dickson Batten (8 October 1860 – 5 August 1932), born in Plymouth, Devon, was an English painter of figures in oils, tempera and fresco and a book illustrator and printmaker. He was an active member of the Society of Painters in Tempera, with his wife Mary Batten, a gilder.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Regan Hood Scott
Regan Elizabeth Hood Scott (born August 10, 1983), also known as Regan Hood or Regan Scott, is an American female volleyball player, who plays as an Outside-spiker. She was part of the United States women's national volleyball team and she participated in the 2013 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. At club level, she plays for Olympiacos S.F. Piraeus in Hellenic Volley league.

A1 Ethniki Women's Volleyball
The Greek Women's Volleyball League is organised by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (Greek:Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Πετοσφαίρισης).
Panathinaikos won the first championship in 1971. During the first decade, Panathinaikos and ZAON Kifissia dominated. Panathinaikos have won 26 championships.
Betta akarensis
Betta akarensis, the Akar betta, is a species of gourami endemic to south-east Sarawak, and whose species name akar was so named after where it was originally found in the river Sungai Akar.  This species is a mouthbrooder, and grows to a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) SL. According to Linke, they "live predominantly in mineral-poor, slightly acid water enriched with humic substances".

Mouthbrooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a variety of different animals, such as Darwin's frog, fish are by far the most diverse mouthbrooders. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish.
Akinola Davies Jr.
Akinola Davies Jr. is a British-Nigerian filmmaker, writer, and visual artist. He is best known for his debut film My Father's Shadow, winning of a BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut, a British Independent Film Award and a Gotham Independent Film Award.

British Independent Film Award for Best Director
The British Independent Film Award for Best Director is an annual award given by the British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) to recognize the best directing in a British independent film. The award was first presented in the 1998 ceremony being Ken Loach the first recipient of this award for his work in the film My Name is Joe.

Andrea Arnold and Rungano Nyoni are the only directors who have received this award more than once, with two wins each. Ken Loach holds the record of most nominations for this category with five, followed by Mike Leigh, Shane Meadows, and Michael Winterbottom, all with four each.
1325 Inanda
1325 Inanda, provisional designation 1934 NR, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 July 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named after the township of Inanda in South Africa.

Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal
Inanda or eNanda (isiZulu: pleasant place, also possibly, level-topped hill) is a township in Durban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa that is situated 21 km north-west of Durban. It forms part of eThekwini, the Greater Durban Metropolitan Municipality.  Populated primarily by Zulu-speaking Black Africans, Inanda is the home of John Langalibalele Dube, first President of the African National Congress (ANC), a former residence and base of operations of Mahatma Gandhi, and the birthplace of the syncretic Nazareth Baptist Church
Yahya ibn Abdallah
Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan  ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (Arabic: يحيى بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب; c. 745/6–803) was an Alid and Zaydi leader who led a rebellion against the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in Daylam in 792. He was soon obliged to capitulate, but his activity began the spread of Zaydi Islam in the remote mountains of Daylam. After his surrender, he was initially treated with much honour, but Harun remained deeply suspicious of his popularity and intentions, and recalled him to Baghdad, where he spent the remainder of his life in prison. In 802, the Barmakid Ja'far ibn Yahya helped him escape, but he was captured; the event led to the execution of the Barmakids, once Harun's closest companions. Yahya died in prison, probably in 803.

Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.
The Fowl Twins Deny All Charges
The Fowl Twins Deny All Charges is the second novel in Eoin Colfer's The Fowl Twins series, a spin-off and continuation of the Artemis Fowl series and second cycle of The Fowl Adventures, following Myles and Beckett Fowl, the younger twin brothers of criminal mastermind Artemis Fowl II, as they live out their house arrest under the supervision of pixie-elf hybrid Lazuli Heitz. Deny All Charges was released 20 October 2020 by Viking Press and Disney Hyperion. The novel was well received by critics, with reviews comparing its quality and success to that of the original series.

Artemis Fowl
Artemis Fowl is a series of eleven fantasy novels by Irish author Eoin Colfer, revolving around various members of the Fowl family. The first cycle, the Artemis Fowl series, consists of eight books, and the second cycle, The Fowl Twins series, consists of a trilogy. Both releases have received commercial success and positive critical reception in the children's literature genre, and also originated graphic novel adaptations. As of 2013, the novels have sold more than 21 million copies in 44 languages, and are one of the best-selling series of all time. In 2010, Artemis Fowl was voted by readers as their favorite Puffin Books title of all time.

A film adaptation based on the first novel was in the process of development by Disney from 2016, and eventually released on the Disney+ streaming service on June 12, 2020 to negative reviews, before being removed from the service on May 26, 2023.
Mizuki Watase
Mizuki Watase (渡瀬瑞基, Watase Mizuki)  is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently working for the Japanese professional wrestling promotion DDT Pro Wrestling where he is a former KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Champion.

KO-D 6-Man Tag Team Championship
The KO-D (King of DDT) 6-Man Tag Team Championship (Japanese: KO-D6人タッグ王座, Hepburn: KO-D Roku-nin Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling championship owned by the DDT Pro-Wrestling (DDT) promotion. The title is currently vacant.

The title was first announced during DDT's year-end event on December 23, 2012, becoming the promotion's fifth active title. The first champions were crowned on January 12, 2013. The title has also been defended in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) as part of a relationship between DDT and AJPW. The championship is contested for by teams of three wrestlers. Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match.
Troy Reeder
Troy Daniel Reeder (born September 13, 1994) is an American professional football linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
4th Impact
4th Impact is a Filipino girl group composed of sisters Almira, Irene, Mylene and Celina Cercado. The group competed in the twelfth season of the British singing contest The X Factor, where they were the ninth contestant eliminated finishing in fifth place. They are also known for having participated in several Philippine and international talent competitions, including the World Championships of Performing Arts, which they won in 2006 and 2013, and the South Korean talent search Superstar K6 in 2014, where they reached eighth place. The sisters are originally from Roxas, Isabela, and are now based in Metro Manila.

The X Factor (British TV series) series 12
The X Factor is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. The twelfth series began airing on ITV on 29 August 2015 and ended on 13 December 2015. The judges were Simon Cowell, Cheryl Fernandez-Versini, who returned for their respective ninth and fifth series as judges, series 9 guest judge and former The Voice UK coach Rita Ora, and BBC Radio 1 DJ Nick Grimshaw, with Grimshaw and Ora replacing Louis Walsh, the only judge who had been on the show from its inception in 2004, and Mel B. It was presented by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs, who had both previously co-presented spin-off show The Xtra Factor on ITV2 and replaced Dermot O'Leary, who left after eight series. Rochelle Humes and Melvin Odoom presented The Xtra Factor, replacing Sarah-Jane Crawford. Louisa Johnson was announced as the winner on 13 December 2015, making Ora the winning mentor.
Johannesburg Giants
The Johannesburg Giants Basketball Club are a South African basketball club based in Johannesburg. They play in the South African Championship and will make their debut in the Basketball Africa League (BAL) in 2026.

South African National Basketball Championship
The South African National Basketball Club Championship is the national championship for premier basketball teams in South Africa. The winner of the national championship qualifies for the qualifying tournaments of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). The privately organised Basketball National League (BNL) is considered the de facto top level basketball league in the country, and has had a representative in some seasons.

The competition is organised by Basketball South Africa, the national basketball federation, since 2021.

The competition was not held in 2023, but returned in 2024.
HMS Edgar (1779)
HMS Edgar was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, that saw service in the American Revolutionary, French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Launched in 1779, she fought in the battles of Cape St Vincent (in 1780) and Copenhagen (in 1801), two of the major naval engagements of the wars.

Edgar also saw service as flagship to two different admirals, and was the scene of a mutiny in 1808. After the end of her active career, she was employed as a prison ship before her 56-year life came to an end in 1835, when she was ordered to be broken up.

Prison ship
A prison ship, is a current or former seagoing vessel that has been modified to become a place of substantive detention for convicts, prisoners of war or civilian internees. Some prison ships were hulked. While many nations have deployed prison ships over time, the practice was most widespread in 18th- and 19th-century Britain, as the government sought to address the issues of overcrowded civilian jails on land and an influx of enemy detainees from the War of Jenkins' Ear, the Seven Years' War and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Shin Abarenbō Shōgun
Shin Abarenbō Shōgun (新・暴れん坊将軍) (literally: New Unfettered Shogun) is a 2025 Japanese jidaigeki TV film directed by Takashi Miike. It is a revival of the Japanese TV series The Unfettered Shogun, the second-longest-running Japanese series starring the same lead actor, and presents fictitious events in the life of Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shōgun. Ken Matsudaira, star of the original The Unfettered Shogun series, reprised his role in the TV film.

Tokugawa Yoshimune
Tokugawa Yoshimune (徳川 吉宗; 27 November 1684 – 12 July 1751) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the eighth shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yoshimune is known for repealing the ban on Western literature.
Zulhasnan Rafique
Zulhasnan bin Rafique (Jawi: ذوالحسنان بن رفيق; born 20 September 1954) is a Malaysian politician and diplomat. He is the former Minister of Federal Territories, former Member of Parliament of Malaysia for Wangsa Maju and Setiawangsa constituencies in Kuala Lumpur and a supreme council member in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest component party of the previously ruling coalition, Barisan Nasional (BN).

Setiawangsa (federal constituency)
Setiawangsa is a federal constituency in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 2004.

The federal constituency was created in the 2003 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.
Associação Atlética Internacional (Limeira)
Associação Atlética Internacional, commonly referred to as simply Inter de Limeira, is a Brazilian association football club in Limeira, São Paulo.  They currently play in the Série D, the fourth tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paulista, São Paulo's premier state league.

The club's home colours are black and white and the team mascot is a lion.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Oneview
OneView was an English and German-speaking application for social bookmarking. The platform has already been brought into being from the multimedia-agency Denkwerk in 1998 and was therefore one of the first providers for social bookmarking worldwide. According to a statement, the platform has amassed a collection of more than 5 million bookmarks from its members.

Social bookmarking
Social bookmarking is an online service which allows users to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents. Many online bookmark management services have launched since 1996; Delicious, founded in 2003, popularized the terms "social bookmarking" and "tagging". Tagging is a significant feature of social bookmarking systems, allowing users to organize their bookmarks and develop shared vocabularies known as folksonomies.
Michael Beetham
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael James Beetham, GCB, CBE, DFC, AFC, DL (17 May 1923 – 24 October 2015) was a Second World War bomber pilot and a high-ranking commander in the Royal Air Force from the 1960s to the 1980s. As Chief of the Air Staff during the Falklands War, he was involved in the decision to send the Task Force to the South Atlantic. At the time of his death,  Beetham was one of only six people holding his service's most senior rank and, excluding Prince Philip's honorary rank, he had the longest time in that rank, making him the senior Marshal of the Royal Air Force.

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)
Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the title of the professional head of the Royal Air Force, who is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918, with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first holder. The current and 32nd Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Harvey Smyth, who succeeded Sir Richard Knighton on 29 August 2025.
Montour Falls, New York
Montour Falls is a village located in Schuyler County, New York, United States. The population was 2,714 at the time of the 2020 census. A waterfall at the end of West Main Street gives the village its name. The name "Montour" is derived from Queen Catharine Montour, a prominent Native American woman of Seneca Indian heritage who lived at the village site in the 18th century.

The boundaries defining the Village of Montour Falls occur mostly within the Town of Montour, but a small part lies within the Town of Dix.  The village is located approximately twenty miles north of Elmira, New York and three miles south of Watkins Glen, New York. The New York State Academy of Fire Science is located in the village.

Watkins Glen, New York
Watkins Glen is a village and census-designated place in and the county seat of Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,829. Watkins Glen lies between the towns of Dix and Reading. To the southwest of the village is the Watkins Glen International race track, which hosts annual NASCAR Cup Series and WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races, and formerly hosted the Formula One United States Grand Prix and various IndyCar races.
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Redd Horne, Inc.
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Redd Horne, Inc., 749 F.2d 154  (3rd Circuit, 1984) was a copyright infringement case of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit over the playing video cassettes in-store of a video sale and rental store. The appeals court affirmed the decision of the district court to grant the plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment and enjoin defendants from exhibiting plaintiffs' copyrighted motion pictures.

United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, W.D. Pa.) is a federal trial court that sits in Pittsburgh, Erie, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania. It is composed of ten judges as authorized by federal law. Appeals from this court are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).