hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cladophialophora arxii
Cladophialophora arxii is a black yeast shaped dematiaceous fungus that is able to cause serious phaeohyphomycotic infections. C. arxii was first discovered in 1995 in Germany from a 22-year-old female patient suffering multiple granulomatous tracheal tumours. It is a clinical strain that is typically found in humans and is also capable of acting as an opportunistic fungus of other vertebrates   Human cases caused by C. arxii have been reported from all parts of the world such as Germany and Australia.

The genus Cladophialophora comprises four different lineages, one of the main lineages belongs to the family of Herpotrichiellaceae. Within this lineage there are two major clades of the two one is called the bantiana clade in which C. arxii can be found. C.arxii is typically slow growing and is capable of growing at higher temperatures compared to other fungi with its maximal growth temperature reaching 42°.

Herpotrichiellaceae
Herpotrichiellaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the order Chaetothyriales and within the class Eurotiomycetes. It contains 16 genera and about 270 species. The type genus of the family, Herpotrichiella, is now synonymous with Capronia.

It contains human–pathogenic species.
R-Phase
The R-phase is a phase found in nitinol, a shape-memory alloy. It is a martensitic phase in nature, but is not the martensite that is responsible for the shape memory and superelastic effect.

In connection with nitinol, "martensite" normally refers to the B19' monoclinic martensite phase, rather than the R-phase. The R-phase competes with martensite, is often completely absent, and often appears during cooling before martensite, then giving way to it upon further cooling. In the same way, it can be observed during heating prior to reversion to austenite, or may be completely absent.

The R-phase to austenite transformation (A-R) is reversible, with a very small hysteresis (typically 2–5 °C (36–41 °F)). It also exhibits a very small shape memory effect, and within a very narrow temperature range, superelasticity. The R-phase transformation (from austenite) occurs between 20 and 40 °C (68 and 104 °F) in most binary nitinol alloys.

Shape-memory alloy
In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated.  It is also known in other names such as memory metal, memory alloy, smart metal, smart alloy, and muscle wire. The "memorized geometry" can be modified by fixating the desired geometry and subjecting it to a thermal treatment, for example a wire can be taught to memorize the shape of a coil spring.

Parts made of shape-memory alloys can be lightweight, solid-state alternatives to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems. They can also be used to make hermetic joints in metal tubing, and it can also replace a sensor-actuator closed loop to control water temperature by governing hot and cold water flow ratio.
Sindi Hawkins
Satinder Kaur "Sindi" Hawkins (née Ahluwalia; September 15, 1958 – September 21, 2010) was a Canadian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing Okanagan West from 1996 to 2001 and Kelowna-Mission from 2001 to 2009. A caucus member of the British Columbia Liberal Party, she served in the cabinet of Premier Gordon Campbell as Minister of Health Planning from 2001 to 2004, and Minister of State for Intergovernmental Relations from 2004 to 2005. She was the first Punjabi woman elected to a Canadian legislature, and the first Indo-Canadian woman provincial cabinet minister.

Kelowna-Mission
Kelowna-Mission is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada. The district's name was changed from Okanagan West to Kelowna-Mission in the 1999 redistribution.
Randleman Lake
Randleman Lake is a reservoir on the Deep River in Randolph and Guilford Counties in central North Carolina, extending from just northwest of Randleman to east of High Point.  The lake was created in 2004 with the construction of the Randleman Lake Dam.  The lake was created to satisfy the drinking water needs of the greater Greensboro area for the next 50 years, as well as to provide recreational opportunity.

High Point, North Carolina
High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Most of the city is in Guilford County, with parts extending into Randolph, Davidson, and Forsyth counties. As of the 2020 census the city had a total population of 114,059. High Point is the ninth-most populous in North Carolina, the third-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad, and the 259th-most populous city in the U.S.

Major industries in High Point include furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing. The city's official slogan is "North Carolina's International City" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world. It is home to High Point University, a private Methodist-affiliated institution founded in 1924.

The current mayor of High Point is Cyril Jefferson.
Nikita Nagornyy
Nikita Vladimirovich Nagornyy (Russian: Никита Владимирович Нагорный, IPA: [nʲɪˈkʲitə nɐˈɡornɨɪ̯], born 12 February 1997 in Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast, Russia) is a Russian artistic gymnast and two-time Olympian, representing Russia in 2016 and ROC in 2020.  He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic Games and 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2016 Olympic Games and 2018 World Championships.

Individually, Nagornyy is the 2019 World All-Around Champion and the 2020 Olympic and 2018 World All-Around bronze medalist.  He is an eight-time European gold medalist and a three-time Youth Olympic champion.

Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo was held in three categories: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining. All gymnastics events were staged at the Olympic Gymnastic Centre, Tokyo in 2021.

The programme for 2020 remained unchanged from 2016, despite an application from the FIG for the admission of a new parkour based event. The application had proved contentious with specialist parkour or freerunning organisations lobbying for the sport not to be included, and to be recognized as an entirely separate sport from gymnastics.

Originally planned as a temporary venue, in 2016, the Tokyo 2020 authorities confirmed the Olympic Gymnastic Centre would become a permanent venue, functioning as a convention centre after the Games. Before its refurbishment, the venue was also expected to host the Boccia event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

There was one unbroken tie in artistic gymnastics: bronze in the women's floor final.
Kuppuswamy Kalyanasundaram
Kuppuswamy Kalyanasundaram is a senior scientist and researcher in chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. His major research interests are in photochemistry, solar energy conversion and storage. He is part of the research group that developed "Dye Sensitized Solar Cells". He is best known for his work in Tamil computing and as the founder of Project Madurai.

Project Madurai
Project Madurai (மதுரை தமிழ் இலக்கிய மின்தொகுப்புத் திட்டம்) is an open and voluntary initiative aimed at publishing free versions of ancient Tamil literature on the internet. Texts have been consistently published in both TSCII (Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange) since its launch in 1998 and Unicode formats from 2004. The leadership of the project is attributed to Dr. K. Kalyanasundaram, based in Lausanne, Switzerland, serving as the Project Leader, and Dr. P. Kumar Mallikarjunan, located in Blacksburg, VA, USA, as the Deputy Project Leader.

Project Madurai is one of several projects currently active on an international scale, endeavoring to digitize ancient literary works and make them available in electronic form. The electronic texts from this project are distributed in both HTML and PDF file formats.
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the USSR
People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs of the USSR was the central organ of the Soviet Union government that was in charge of the organisation and administration of the different forms of communication including posts. It existed between 1923 and 1932.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Turbo button
On some older IBM PC–compatible computers, the turbo button selects one of two run states: the default "turbo" clock speed or a reduced speed closer to the Intel 8086 CPU. It was relatively common on computers using the Intel 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors, from the mid 1980s to mid 1990s. The name is inspired by the turbocharger, a device which increases an engine's power and efficiency. When pressed, the "turbo" button is intended to let a computer run at the highest speed for which it had been designed.

Clock rate
In computing, clock rate or clock speed is the frequency at which the clock generator of a processor can generate pulses used to synchronize the operations of its components. It is used as an indicator of the processor speed. Clock rate is measured in the SI unit of frequency hertz (symbol Hz).

The clock rate of the first generation of computers was measured in hertz or kilohertz (kHz), the first personal computers from the 1970s through the 1980s had clock rates measured in megahertz (MHz). In the 21st century the speed of modern CPUs is commonly advertised in gigahertz (GHz). This metric is most useful when comparing processors within the same family, holding constant other features that may affect performance.
Murders of Greg and Kimberly Malnory
On April 6, 1997, 25-year-old Gregory Philip Malnory (July 18, 1971 – April 6, 1997) and 26-year-old Kimberly Ann Malnory (née Parkinson; November 9, 1970 – April 6, 1997) were murdered by 36-year-old James Dennis Ford at South Florida Sod Farm in Charlotte County, Florida, after Ford lured the married couple to the farm under the pretense of a fishing trip. Ford both bludgeoned and shot the Malnorys, raping Kimberly before he killed her, and abandoned their 22-month-old daughter Maranda alone in their pickup truck. Ford was found guilty of the double murder and sentenced to death in 1999. After over 25 years on death row, Ford was executed by lethal injection at Florida State Prison on February 13, 2025.

Capital punishment in Florida
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Florida.

Since 1976, the state has executed 127 convicted murderers, all at Florida State Prison. As of February 24, 2026, 250 offenders are awaiting execution.
South Carolina Highway 403
South Carolina Highway 403 (SC 403) is a 36.480-mile (58.709 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. It serves the town of Timmonsville and the surrounding rural area with the cities of Lake City and Hartsville.

U.S. Route 301 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 301 (US 301) is a 189.704-mile (305.299 km) U.S. Highway that travels north–south from the Savannah River southwest of Allendale to Hamer approaching the South of the Border roadside attraction complex.
Eilers Peak
Eilers Peak (80°4′S 159°28′E﻿ / ﻿80.067°S 159.467°E﻿ / -80.067; 159.467) is a prominent peak, about 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) high, located 2.5 nautical miles (5 km) north-northwest of Rand Peak in the central Nebraska Peaks. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after D.H. Eilers of the Ross Ice Shelf Management Office, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program glaciological party during the Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1974–75 field season.

Mount Aldrich
Mount Aldrich (80°7′S 158°13′E﻿ / ﻿80.117°S 158.217°E﻿ / -80.117; 158.217﻿ (Mount Aldrich)) is a massive, somewhat flat-topped mountain standing at the east side of Ragotzkie Glacier in the Britannia Range, Antarctica.
Glossary of BDSM
This glossary of BDSM (an initialism for bondage, discipline, domination, submission, sadism, and masochism) defines terms commonly used in the BDSM community.

BDSM activities are described as play in BDSM terminology.

Discipline (BDSM)
Discipline in BDSM is the practice in which the dominant sets rules which the submissive is expected to obey. When rules of expected behaviour are broken, punishment is often used as a means of disciplining.
Western Port Bay Trail
The Western Port Bay Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians which follows the coastline of Western Port Bay through several towns on the eastern side of the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  The trail begins in Somerville, travelling south through the towns of Tyabb, Hastings, Bittern, Somers and ending in the town of Balnarring.  Construction of the trail began in 1994, initially only as a 9 km path connecting the towns of Somerville, Tyabb and Hastings.

Somerville, Victoria
Somerville is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 49 km (30 mi) south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Somerville has an estimated population of 19,370 as of May 2025.

Somerville forms part of an urban enclave on Western Port comprising Somerville, Hastings, Bittern, Crib Point, and Tyabb. Statistically, it is part of Greater Melbourne.

The size of Somerville is approximately 38 km2 (15 sq mi).

Originally an orchard town Somerville has experienced significant population growth over the last twenty-five years.

It is served by Somerville railway station on the Stony Point Line, as well as a bus service to Frankston.

Yaringa Marina, east of the township, offers boat access to Western Port.
Zoya (singer)
Zoya (born April 11, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and music business entrepreneur. She has gained recognition  from AR Rahman and The Chainsmokers while touring on festival bills and as a support act for the likes of Natty, Lucy Rose, Madame Gandhi, Youngr, Submotion Orchestra, Bloc Party, Clean Bandit, and Martin Garrix.

Returning to Los Angeles after a four year stint touring India, Zoya kicked off her debut US album, Bad Girls Dream, with a radio-friendly pop anthem featuring Grammy-nominated and Billboard Hot 100 charting rapper, Jack Harlow.

In November 2021, Zoya launched her newest album for an industry only album premiere at The W Hotel in Hollywood, CA. In January 2022, she was chosen for Amazon Music’s Breakthrough Artist of the year.

Kiran Gandhi
Kiran Gandhi (born February 21, 1989), also known by her stage name Madame Gandhi, is an American electronic music producer, drummer, artist and activist.
Gandhi's music career includes being a touring drummer for artists M.I.A., Thievery Corporation, and Kehlani. Her music and activism focuses on female empowerment and fourth-wave feminism. In 2015, Gandhi ran the London Marathon bleeding freely on her period to combat the menstrual stigma people face around the world, sparking a viral conversation about how menstruation is treated in various cultures. She has performed in music festivals such as Pitchfork, Lightning in a Bottle, Roskilde and SXSW.
Apollo Soucek
Apollo Soucek (February 24, 1897 – July 22, 1955) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy, who was a record-breaking test pilot during 1929 and 1930, served in World War II, and was commander of Carrier Division Three during the Korean War, ending his career as chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics.

Bureau of Aeronautics
The Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) was the U.S. Navy's material-support organization for naval aviation from 1921 to 1959.  The bureau had "cognizance" (i.e., responsibility) for the design, procurement, and support of naval aircraft and related systems.  Aerial weapons, however, were under the cognizance of the Navy's Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd).
Cooper v. Oklahoma
Cooper v. Oklahoma, 517 U.S. 348 (1996), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court reversed an Oklahoma court decision holding that a defendant is presumed to be competent to stand trial unless he proves otherwise by the second highest legal standard of proof, that of clear and convincing evidence, ruling that to be unconstitutional. The court said the defendant's Fourteenth Amendment rights to due process were violated.

In this case, the defendant's ability to understand the charges against him and his ability to assist in his own defense was challenged on five separate occasions before and during his trial and sentencing for capital murder, but the trial judge ruled he was competent to stand trial because he did not meet Oklahoma's high standard of proof.

Trial
In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes. One form of tribunal is a court. The tribunal, which may occur before a judge, jury, or other designated trier of fact, aims to achieve a resolution to their dispute.
Éder Díez
Éder Díez Sánchez (born 15 July 1987) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward for La Almunia.

He never played any higher than the Segunda División B in his own country, recording figures of 174 matches and 30 goals for eight clubs. He also spent several years in Portugal, where he made 59 professional appearances and scored eight goals in LigaPro for Chaves, Covilhã and Varzim.

Varzim S.C.
Varzim Sport Club (Portuguese pronunciation: [vɐɾˈzĩ sɨˈpɔɾ ˈkluβɨ]) is a Portuguese football club based in Póvoa de Varzim. The club was founded on 25 December 1915, and has played at the Estádio do Varzim Sport Club since its foundation. The club plays in Liga 3, following relegation in the 2021–22 Liga Portugal 2. The club has played for a total of 21 seasons at the top level of Portuguese football, eight seasons in a row from 1963. It has reached the semi-finals of the Taça de Portugal on three occasions, in 1978, 1980 and 1985.

Varzim has won six major titles in its history, which include the Segunda Divisão four times and the Terceira Divisão and Liga Intercalar once. The club usually plays with over 70% of players from its youth ranks. The club youth academy is notable for producing Portuguese international footballers like António Lima Pereira, Bruno Alves, Hélder Postiga and Salvador Agra.
Property tax in South Africa
Property tax in South Africa encompasses a range of different kinds of taxes levied on property. These include municipal rates, tax on rental income, and property sales tax.

All property owners, unless specifically exempted from doing so, are obligated to pay these taxes to the relevant government entity. Certain property types and ownership types may receive tax rebates. Certain tax rates vary across jurisdictions in South Africa.

Housing in South Africa
Housing in South Africa includes both modern (contemporary) and traditional (historic) styles. The two most common forms of residences in South Africa are the detached house and the multi-unit building. These may be owned by an individual, jointly owned, owned in a sectional title format, or owned by a corporation. Homes may be lived in by their owners, or rented to tenants.

The country has a strong real estate market, especially in major cities (metros). Owning a home in South African society is aspirational, and in many local markets is a form of investment. The rate of return on purchasing property varies greatly between the country's largest cities, with Cape Town having been the strongest-performing property market for many years.
Lakhin Wassantasit
Wichit Lapmee (Thai: วิชิต ลาภมี; born 17 April 1972), known professionally as Lakhin Wassantasit or Lakhin CP Gym (Thai: หลักหิน วสันตสิทธิ์, หลักหิน ซีพียิม), is a Thai former Muay Thai fighter and professional boxer. He is a former Rajadamnern Stadium champion, as well as a WBA Bantamweight title challenger in boxing, who was famous in the 1990s and 2000s.

Rajadamnern Stadium
Rajadamnern Stadium (Thai: สนามมวยราชดำเนิน, RTGS: Sanam Muai Ratchadamnoen, IPA: [sànǎːm mūaj râːtt͡ɕʰàdāmnɤ̄ːn]) is a sporting arena in Bangkok, Thailand. Along with Lumpinee Boxing Stadium, Rajadamnern is one of the two main stadiums for modern Muay Thai. It hosts fights everyday from Monday to Sunday. The stadium has its own ranking system and championship titles up to middleweight (160 lbs).
Murphy Aircraft
Murphy Aircraft Manufacturing Limited is a manufacturer of civil general aviation kits for amateur construction currently owned by China-headquartered Duofu Group. The company was founded in 1985 by Darryl Murphy and is located in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada.

Chilliwack
Chilliwack (/ˈtʃɪləwæk/ CHIL-ə-wak) is a city with a population of about 100,000 people and an area of 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the City of Vancouver in the Fraser Valley. The enumerated population is 93,203 in the city and 113,767 in the greater metropolitan area.

About two-thirds of city land is protected as part of the Agricultural Land Reserve, and agriculture accounts for about 30 percent of the local economy. The city is bounded on the north side by the Fraser River, and on the south side by the Vedder River and Canada–United States border, and is surrounded by tall mountain peaks, such as Mount Cheam and Slesse Mountain.
Functionality in Canadian trademark law
Under Canadian trade-mark law, the "doctrine of functionality" provides that features that are primarily functional in nature cannot be registered as trade-marks. The doctrine of functionality reflects the purpose of trade-mark, which is the protection of the distinctiveness of the wares and services associated with a trade-mark. Unlike patents, trade-marks do not protect the utilitarian features of products. The doctrine of functionality is reflected in section 13(2) of the "Trade-marks Act", which provides that: "No registration of a distinguishing guise interferes with the use of any utilitarian feature embodied in the distinguishing guise". On the basis of functionality, courts have denied trade-mark protection for such features as the pattern of knobs on LEGO blocks and the shape of the head of an electric razor.

Canadian trademark law
Canadian trademark law provides protection to marks by statute under the Trademarks Act and also at common law. Trademark law provides protection for distinctive marks, certification marks, distinguishing guises, and proposed marks against those who appropriate the goodwill of the mark or create confusion between different vendors' goods or services. A mark can be protected either as a registered trademark under the Act or can alternately be protected by a common law action in passing off.