hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aarif Sheikh
Aarif Sheikh (Nepali: आरिफ शेख्; born 5 October 1997) is a Nepalese cricketer, who has been a former vice-captain of the Nepal under-19 cricket team and currently plays for the senior team. Aarif is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium pace bowler. He made his List A debut for Nepal in the 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament against Namibia on 21 January 2015. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Nepal's first ever One Day International (ODI) match, against the Netherlands, in August 2018.

His younger brother, Aasif Sheikh, also plays for the national team as a Wicket-keeper batter. Aarif has been known for guiding his younger brother as a mentor in their childhood. They have been playing together in the national team since 2021, mostly in ODI-Format of the game.

Nepal national under-19 cricket team
The Nepal national under-19 cricket team (Nepali: नेपाल अन्डर-१९ राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टोली) represents Nepal in under-19 international cricket. It is governed by the Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN). Nepal is an associate member of International Cricket Council (ICC).

Nepal has historically been one of the strongest associate members at the Under-19 Cricket World Cup, qualifying on eight occasions and thrice advancing to the second round (in 2000, 2016 and 2024). The team has recorded World Cup victories against many full member teams.
Mesobuthus eupeus
Mesobuthus eupeus is a polymorphic scorpion species belonging to the well-known family Buthidae. Commonly known as the lesser Asian scorpion or the mottled scorpion. It is thought to be the most widely dispersed species of the genus Mesobuthus, perhaps even of the family Buthidae.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Memory (EP)
Memory is the fourth extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released by RBW on November 7, 2016 and distributed by CJ E&M Music. It contains eight songs, including the singles "New York" and "Décalcomanie", the soundtrack single "Woo Hoo" from LG G5 And Friends OST, and the sub-unit tracks "Dab Dab" and "Angel".

RBW (company)
RBW (Korean: 알비더블유; an acronym for Rainbow Bridge World) is a South Korean entertainment company founded by Kim Jin-woo (김진우) and Kim Do-hoon (김도훈). The company has multiple subsidiaries, including DSP Media, WM Entertainment, Urban Works Media, and the IP management company Contents X.

One of the leading entertainment companies in South Korea, RBW operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management company, concert production company, and music publishing house. In addition, the company operates various subsidiary ventures and divisions worldwide.

Including all its subsidiary labels, RBW is home to many notable artists under the agency such as the groups Mamamoo, Oh My Girl, KARD, Onewe, and Young Posse.
Robbie Gibb
Sir Robert Paul Gibb (born 29 September 1964) is a British public relations professional and former political advisor and broadcast journalist.

He is the brother of Sir Nick Gibb, the former Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for  Bognor Regis and Littlehampton. After graduating from Royal Holloway, University of London, he pursued a career as a journalist with his first role as a political researcher at the BBC. He then became chief of staff for Conservative MP Francis Maude in the late 1990s. Gibb returned to the BBC in 2002 as the deputy political editor of Newsnight and went on to edit various television programmes including Daily Politics, The Andrew Marr Show, and This Week.

Gibb was Prime Minister Theresa May's Downing Street Director of Communications between 2017 and 2019. Gibb then became a senior advisor for the public relations consultancy Kekst CNC. He joined the BBC Board as a non-executive director in 2021.

BBC Board
The BBC Board is the governing board of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The board replaced the BBC Trust in April 2017.

The chair and four non-executive members representing the four nations are appointed by the King-in-Council, on the advice of the UK Secretary of State. Five other non-executive members are appointed by the board and the four executive members are chosen by the board.
Etah Assembly constituency
Etah  Assembly constituency (Hindi pronunciation: [eːʈaː]) is one  of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Etah district and one of  the five assembly constituencies in the Etah Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 104.

Etah Lok Sabha constituency
Etah (Hindi pronunciation: [eːʈaː]) is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

This parliamentary constituency has been in existence since the first Lok Sabha elections held in the country in 1952. After 2008, the nature of this parliamentary seat changed. Now 5 assembly constituencies come under this Lok Sabha seat. They are Kasganj, Amanpur, Patiali, Etah and Marhara.
Dipotassium phosphate
Dipotassium phosphate (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate or potassium phosphate dibasic) is the inorganic compound with the formula K2HPO4.(H2O)x (x = 0, 3, 6).  Together with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4.(H2O)x), it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water.

It is produced commercially by partial neutralization of phosphoric acid with two equivalents of potassium chloride:

H3PO4 + 2 KCl → K2HPO4 + 2 HCl

Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives, such as vinegar (pickling), salt (salting), smoke (smoking) and sugar (crystallization), have been used for centuries to preserve food. This allows for longer-lasting foods, such as bacon, sweets, and wines.

With the advent of ultra-processed foods in the late 20th century, many additives having both natural and artificial origin were introduced. Food additives also include substances that may be introduced to food indirectly (called "indirect additives") in the manufacturing process through packaging, storage or transport.

In Europe and internationally, many additives are designated with E numbers, while in the United States, additives in amounts deemed safe for human consumption are designated as GRAS.
1902 Victorian state election
The 1902 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on 1 October 1902, to elect 70 of the 95 members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. The other 25 seats were uncontested.

There was manhood suffrage in single and multimember districts (with multiple voting), and first past the post (plurality) voting was used.

William Irvine replaced Alexander Peacock as Victorian Premier on 10 June 1902, and contested the election as the incumbent premier and leader of the conservative National Citizens' Reform League. Irvine soundly defeated the Liberals, and their Labor allies led by Frederick Bromley.

This election marked the end of traditional contests between the Liberals and Conservatives in Victoria, with the Reform League made up of members from both parties.

This was also the first election in Victoria after federation in 1901, when it ceased to be a colony and became a state.

Liberalism in Australia
In Australia, liberalism has a vast interpretation and a broad definition. It dates back to the earliest Australian pioneers and has maintained a strong foothold to the present day. Modern-day Australian liberalism is the successor to colonial liberalism, and has been compared to British liberalism for its similarity. The primary representation (and political entity) of Australian liberalism is the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia. Unlike in the United States, in Australia, the term "liberal", is often associated with conservatism.
Elsie May Kittredge
Elsie May Kittredge (May 14, 1870 – 1954) was an American botanist, photographer, watercolor painter, and curator for the New York Botanical Gardens. She, with Elizabeth Billings, established the Billings-Kittredge Herbarium in Woodstock, Vermont.

The standard author abbreviation Kittr. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Woodstock, Vermont
Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,005. It includes the villages of Woodstock, South Woodstock, Taftsville, and West Woodstock.
Motion compensation
Motion compensation in computing is an algorithmic technique used to predict a frame in a video given the previous and/or future frames by accounting for motion of the camera or objects in the video. It is employed in the encoding of video data for video compression, for example, in the generation of MPEG-2 files. Motion compensation describes a picture in terms of the transformation of a reference picture to the current picture. The reference picture may be previous in time or even from the future. When images can be accurately synthesized from previously transmitted/stored images, the compression efficiency can be improved.

Motion compensation is one of the two key video compression techniques used in video coding standards, along with the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Most video coding standards, such as the H.26x and MPEG formats, typically use motion-compensated DCT hybrid coding, known as block motion compensation (BMC) or motion-compensated DCT (MC DCT).

Moving Picture Experts Group
The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is an alliance of working groups established jointly by ISO and IEC that sets standards for media coding, including compression coding of audio, video, graphics, and genomic data; and transmission and file formats for various applications. Together with JPEG, MPEG is organized under ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information (ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29).

MPEG formats are used in various multimedia systems. The most well known older MPEG media formats typically use MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 AVC media coding and MPEG-2 systems transport streams and program streams. Newer systems typically use the MPEG base media file format and dynamic streaming (a.k.a. MPEG-DASH).
Lorenzo Priuli (cardinal)
Lorenzo Priuli (9 August 1538 – 26 January 1600) was Venetian aristocrat and ambassador in France and at Rome. He was Patriarch of Venice from 1591 to his death, and a Cardinal from 1596.

In the last centuries of the Republic of Venice (to 1797), exceptionally among Catholic bishops, the patriarch was elected by the Venetian Senate, who  always chose a member of one of the hereditary patrician families of the city, and usually a layman who was only ordained to take up the patriarchate.  The papacy obliged them to pass an examination in theology, though many evaded this.  Usually the new patriarch was a Venetian diplomat or administrator, as with Lorenzo Priuli in 1591 or Francesco Vendramin in 1608, though some were career clerics, who had usually been previously in positions in Rome, like Federico Cornaro in 1631.

Venetian Senate
The Senate (Venetian: Senato), formally the Consiglio dei Pregadi or Rogati (lit. 'Council of the Invited', Latin: Consilium Rogatorum), was the main deliberative and legislative body of the Republic of Venice.
Canon L lens
Canon's series of L lenses (Luxury lenses) are a professional line of photography lenses made by Canon. Canon has sold zoom and prime L-series lenses for the discontinued FD lens mount, for the current EF lens mount used on all Canon EOS SLR cameras and for the RF mount used on mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras.

Canon RF lens mount
The Canon RF lens mount is an interchangeable-lens mount developed by Canon for its full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras, and featured first by the EOS R, followed by the EOS RP. The RF mount was announced in September 2018. In May 2022, Canon announced APS-C EOS R cameras (the EOS R10 and EOS R7) and RF-S lenses designed for these cameras.

The RF mount allows for the use of Canon EF and EF-S mount lenses using one of three Canon-made lens adapters. When an RF-S or EF-S lens is attached, however, the camera will only function as an APS-C camera, not a full-frame camera.

The "RF" retroactively stands for "Re-Imagined Focus".
Congress (card game)
Congress is a patience or solitaire card game  using two decks of 52 playing cards each. It is a simple but strategic game which requires skill and careful choosing for it to be completed successfully.  It is closely related to Forty Thieves but has eight instead of ten columns.  It is sometimes called President's Cabinet, and can typically be completed successfully less than once in 20 games.

Solitaire
Solitaire, patience, or card solitaire refer to a genre of card games whose common feature is that the aim is to arrange the cards in some systematic order or, in a few cases, to pair them off in order to discard them. Most are intended for play by a single player, but there are varieties for two or more players.
Fair Play (horse)
Fair Play (April 1, 1905 – December 17, 1929) was an American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who was successful on the track, but even more so when retired to stud. He is best known as the sire of Man o' War, widely considered one of the greatest American racehorses of all time. On the racetrack, Fair Play was known for his rivalry with the undefeated Colin, to whom he finished second in the Belmont Stakes. Later, Fair Play was the leading sire in North America of 1920, 1924 and 1927, and the leading broodmare sire of 1931, 1934 and 1938. He was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1956.

Leading sire in North America
The list below shows the leading sire of Thoroughbred racehorses in North America for each year since 1830. This is determined by the amount of prize money won by the sire's progeny during the year. It is restricted to stallions which are based in North America, but currently includes earnings from overseas races in Great Britain, Ireland, France, Italy, Germany and the United Arab Emirates as well as domestic earnings.

Prior to 2015, the Leading Sire Lists published by The Blood-Horse excluded earnings from Hong Kong and Japan due to the disparity in purses. Starting in 2015, earnings from Hong Kong and Japan are included on an adjusted basis.

The 2016 novel Mount! by Jilly Cooper describes the process to gain the fictional title for global leading sire.
Charadrahyla
Charadrahyla is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to tropical southern Mexico. The generic name was derived from Greek charadra ("ravine") and Hyla, in reference to the habits of these frogs. Accordingly, common name ravine treefrogs has been coined for the genus.

Yellowbelly voiceless tree frog
The yellowbelly voiceless tree frog (Charadrahyla altipotens) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Mexico.

It inhabits the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Oaxaca, between 1,300 and 2,000 meters elevation. It is known from two subpopulations, one near San Agustín Loxicha and the other north of the San Gabriel Mixtepec. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 2,240 km2, but may occur more widely than currently recorded.

It prefers rocky streams with abundant vegetation in montane pine-oak forests and cloud forests.

It is threatened by habitat loss.
Chhapra–Varanasi City Intercity Express
The Chhapra Jn- Varanasi City Intercity Express is an Express train belonging to North Eastern Railway zone that runs between Chhapra Junction and Varanasi City in India. It is currently being operated with 15111/15112 train numbers on a daily basis.

Varanasi City railway station
Varanasi City railway station is one of the railway stations in Varanasi. It is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) Northeast of Varanasi Junction railway station, 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Banaras Hindu University and 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport. It serves as terminal station due to heavy rush at Varanasi Junction.
Kingdom of Bumthang
The Kingdom of Bumthang was one of several small kingdoms within the territory of modern Bhutan before the first consolidation under Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1616. After initial consolidation, the Bumthang Kingdom became Bumthang Province, one of the nine Provinces of Bhutan. The region was roughly analogous to modern-day Bumthang District. It was again consolidated into the modern Kingdom of Bhutan in 1907.

The Kingdom of Bumthang is particularly notable among its many contemporary Bhutanese chiefdoms because it was here that Buddhism first took root in Bhutan. The kingdom also contained several places relevant to particularly Bhutanese legends. The kingdom is also the ancestral homeland of the House of Wangchuck, which was among local elite families that surpassed the erstwhile Tibetan aristocracy. During Bhutan's early history, Bumthang served as a locus of exile for both Tibetan and Indian rulers, and as the home of Buddhist saint Pema Lingpa.: 13–14

Bumthang Province
Bumthang Province (Dzongkha: བུམ་ཐང་; Wylie: bum-thang) was one of the nine historical Provinces of Bhutan.

Bumthang Province occupied lands in north-central Bhutan. It was administered from the Jakar Dzong in the town of Jakar. The ruling governor was known as the Dzongpen of Bumthang, however by the 19th century, actual power was effectively in the hands of the Penlop of Trongsa, who controlled eastern Bhutan.
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (German pronunciation: [kʁɪsˈti̯anə ˈnʏslaɪ̯n ˈfɔlˌhaʁt] ⓘ; born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and a 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate. She is the only woman from Germany to have received a Nobel Prize in the sciences.

Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction.  She won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic control of embryonic development.

DNA-binding protein
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA, because it exposes more functional groups that identify a base pair.
Rocchio algorithm
The Rocchio algorithm is based on a method of relevance feedback found in information retrieval systems which stemmed from the SMART Information Retrieval System developed between 1960 and 1964. Like many other retrieval systems, the Rocchio algorithm was developed using the vector space model. Its underlying assumption is that most users have a general conception of which documents should be denoted as relevant or irrelevant. Therefore, the user's search query is revised to include an arbitrary percentage of relevant and irrelevant documents as a means of increasing the search engine's recall, and possibly the precision as well. The number of relevant and irrelevant documents allowed to enter a query is dictated by the so called weights, i.e. the variables ,  and  listed below in the Algorithm section.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Toluca Centro railway station
The Toluca Centro railway station,  otherwise known as Pino Suárez station or Terminal de Autobuses station, is a commuter railway station serving the El Insurgente commuter rail system which connects Greater Toluca, State of Mexico, with Mexico City. The station is the closest to downtown Toluca and is located along Boulevard Solidaridad Las Torres and the nearby Boulevard José María Pino Suárez. The station is also the closest to the city's bus terminal.

Toluca Centro railway station opened on 15 September 2023, with eastward service towards Lerma railway station and westward service towards Zinacantepec railway station. It is an elevated station with one island platform; the facilities are accessible to people with disabilities.

Elevated railway
An elevated railway or elevated train (also known as an el train or el for short) is a railway with the tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be a broad-gauge, standard-gauge or narrow-gauge railway, rapid transit, light rail, monorail, or a suspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably many level crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
Battle of Affane
The Battle of Affane (Irish: Cath Áth Mheáin) was fought in County Waterford, in south-eastern Ireland, in 1565, between the forces of the Fitzgerald Earl of Desmond and the Butler Earl of Ormond. The battle ended in the rout of the Desmond forces. It was one of the last private battles fought in Britain or Ireland.

Earl of Ormond (Ireland)
The peerage title Earl of Ormond and the related titles Duke of Ormonde and Marquess of Ormonde have a long and complex history. An earldom of Ormond has been created three times in the Peerage of Ireland. The earldom comprised the entirety of what is now County Kilkenny, large swathes of County Tipperary, and parts of County Waterford and County Carlow.