hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whaling in Canada
Whaling in Canada encompasses both aboriginal and commercial whaling, and has existed on all three Canadian oceans, Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic. The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast have whaling traditions dating back millennia, and the hunting of cetaceans continues by Inuit (mostly beluga and narwhal, but also the subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale). By the late 20th century, watching whales was a more profitable enterprise than hunting them.

Aboriginal whaling
Aboriginal whaling or indigenous whaling is the hunting of whales by indigenous peoples recognised by either IWC (International Whaling Commission) or the hunting is considered as part of indigenous activity by the country. It is permitted under international regulation, but in some countries remains a contentious issue. (The hunting of smaller cetaceans is covered at Dolphin drive hunting.) It is usually considered part of the subsistence economy. In some places, whaling has been superseded by whale watching instead. This article deals with communities that continue to hunt; details about communities that have ended the practice may be found in History of whaling.
Franz Engelbert Barbo von Waxenstein
Franz Engelbert Barbo von Waxenstein (21 July 1664 – 25 December 1706) was a Carniolan nobleman who was the Count of Waxenstein and Baron of Gutteneck, Päßberg and Zobelsberg. He served as Titular Bishop of Dara and Auxiliary Bishop of Breslau.

Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Carniola (Slovene: Kranjska [ˈkɾàːnska]; German: Krain [kʁaɪn] ⓘ; Italian: Carniola; Hungarian: Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia. Slovenes living within the former borders of the region still tend to identify with its traditional parts Upper Carniola, Lower Carniola (with the sub-part of White Carniola), and to a lesser degree Inner Carniola. In 1991, 47% of the population of Slovenia lived within the borders of the former Duchy of Carniola.
Baidyanathdham Deoghar railway station
Baidyanathdham Deoghar railway station (station code: BDME) is a railway station in Deoghar district, Jharkhand. The station serves the Baidyanathdham area of Deoghar city. The station consists of one platform. The platform is  well sheltered, and it has many facilities including water and sanitation.

Jasidih Junction railway station
Jasidih Junction (station code: JSME) is the busiest railway station of Jharkhand, in terms of train frequency and fourth in terms of footfalls after Dhanbad, Tatanagar and Ranchi and serving as the satellite station of Deoghar city in the Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Many premium trains halt here like Howrah Rajdhani (via Patna), Howrah - New Delhi Duronto, Poorva Express, Kolkata - Patna Garib Rath, Shalimar Patna Duronto Express and recently launched Patna-Howrah Vande Bharat Express and Varanasi–Deoghar Vande Bharat Express. It has also been included under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and is waiting to be upgraded with world-class services.
They Are Billions
They Are Billions is a post-apocalyptic steampunk real-time strategy survival video game developed and published by Numantian Games. Available on Microsoft Windows, it was released onto Steam's Early Access program with a survival mode in December 2017. The game was released with a campaign titled "New Empire" on June 18, 2019. PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions were published by BlitWorks on July 1, 2019.

Early access
Early access, also known as alpha access, alpha founding, paid alpha, or game preview, is a funding model in the video game industry by which consumers can play a game in the various pre-release development cycles, such as pre-alpha, alpha, and/or beta, while the developer is able to use those funds to continue further development on the game. Those that pay to participate typically help to debug the game, provide feedback and suggestions, and may have access to special materials in the game. The early-access approach is a common way to obtain funding for indie games, and may also be used along with other funding mechanisms, including crowdfunding. Many crowdfunding projects promise to offer access to alpha and/or beta versions of the game as development progresses; however, unlike some of these projects which solicit funds but do not yet have a playable game, all early access games offer an immediately playable version of the unfinished game to players.
Battle of Almonacid
The Battle of Almonacid was fought on 11 August 1809 during the Peninsular War between Sébastiani's IV Corps of the French Peninsular Army, which King Joseph of Spain had withdrawn from the Battle of Talavera to defend Madrid, and the Spanish Army of La Mancha under General Venegas. After the decisive charges of Polish uhlans, the battle resulted in a French victory.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
LOT Polish Airlines Flight 703
On 2 November 1988, LOT Polish Airlines Flight 703, an Antonov An-24 operating scheduled domestic passenger flight from Warsaw Okęcie Airport to Rzeszów Airport, Poland, crashed short of the runway after an attempted emergency landing following a dual engine failure. Out of the 25 passengers and 4 crew members, 1 passenger was killed, while 12 people were injured. As of 2026, the accident represents the last crash involving the airline.

The investigation concluded that the flight crew's failure to activate the aircraft's de-icing led to both engines failing. Following the accident, the airline accelerated the withdrawal of the An-24 from its fleet and replaced them with the ATR 72.

Rzeszów–Jasionka Airport
Rzeszów Ulma Airport (Polish: Port lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka) (IATA: RZE, ICAO: EPRZ) is an international airport located in southeastern Poland, in Jasionka, a village ten kilometres (6.2 mi) from the center of the city of Rzeszów.
Indu Bhushan Sinha
Indu Bhushan Sinha (1 Jan 1938 – 14 Nov 2022) was an Indian nephrologist and medical academic from the Indian state of Bihar. He is a former professor and head of the department of nephrology at Patna Medical College and Hospital. He has served as the editor of The Patna Journal of Medicine of the Indian Medical Association (1986–89) and is a life member of the Indian Society of Nephrology. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2008, for his contributions to medical science.

Patna Medical College and Hospital
Patna Medical College and Hospital (abbreviated as PMCH), established in 1925 and originally known as Prince of Wales Medical College and then Temple Medical School (1874), is a medical college located in Patna, the state capital of Bihar, India.

It is located on the southern bank of the river Ganges and is now affiliated with Bihar University of Health Sciences (previously: Patna University and Aryabhatta Knowledge University). The exact location is on Ashok Rajpath which is also home to other colleges of Patna University. It has more than 1748 beds which is at par with AIIMS. The emergency ward is called IGCE (Indira Gandhi Central Emergency) and has an additional 220 beds. It is one of the busiest hospitals in India. The average daily outpatient load is one of the highest in India.
Samuel Lodge
The Rev. Samuel Lodge (11 February 1829 – 5 September 1897) was the author of Scrivelsby, the Home of the Champions He was a headmaster of Horncastle Grammar School, Lincolnshire, rector for 30 years of Scrivelsby in Lincolnshire, and a Canon of Lincoln Cathedral.

Scrivelsby
Scrivelsby is a village and ecclesiastical parish in the East Lindsey district of the County of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated  2 miles (3.2 km) south of Horncastle and is on the B1183 road 1 mile (1.6 km) east from the A153 road. It is administered by the civil parish of Mareham on the Hill.

Historically the manor was held by  grand serjeanty, a form of feudal tenure which required the performance of a ceremonial service rather than a money payment – in this case as the King's Champion.
Delview Secondary School
Delview Secondary is a public high school in Delta, British Columbia, Canada. It is managed by the School District 37 Delta. The school mascot is a Raider, reflecting the Scandinavian roots in the school's area, when Norse settlers came to the Annieville area. Delview's school colours are black, white and red. The school currently educates just under 700 students under principal John Pavao.

School District 37 Delta
School District No. 37 (Delta) is a school district in British Columbia south of Vancouver. The district serves the Municipality of Delta including the three communities of Ladner, Tsawwassen, and North Delta.
Srizbi botnet
Srizbi botnet is a botnet which was one of the largest in the world as of May 2008, then responsible for sending out more than half of all the spam being sent by all the major botnets combined. The botnets consist of computers infected by the Srizbi trojan, which sent spam on command. Srizbi suffered a massive setback in November 2008 when hosting provider Janka Cartel was taken down; global spam volumes reduced up to 93% as a result of this action.

Trojan horse (computing)
In computing, a trojan horse (or simply trojan; often capitalized, but see below) is a kind of malware that misleads users as to its true intent by disguising itself as a normal program.

Trojans are generally spread by some form of social engineering. For example, a user may be duped into executing an email attachment disguised to appear innocuous (e.g., a routine form to be filled in), or into clicking on a fake advertisement on the Internet. Although their payload can be anything, many modern forms act as a backdoor, contacting a controller who can then have unauthorized access to the affected device. Ransomware attacks are often carried out using a trojan.

Unlike computer viruses and worms, trojans generally do not attempt to inject themselves into other files or otherwise propagate themselves.
Sergey Malov (linguist)
Sergey Yefimovich Malov (Russian: Серге́й Ефи́мович Ма́лов; 28 January 1880, Kazan – 6 September 1957, Leningrad) was a Russian and Soviet Turkologist who made important contributions to the documentation of archaic and contemporary Turkic languages, classification of the Turkic alphabets, and the deciphering of the Turkic Orkhon script.

Old Turkic script
The Old Turkic script (also known variously as Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.

The script is named after the Orkhon Valley in Mongolia, where early 8th-century inscriptions were discovered in an 1889 expedition by Nikolai Yadrintsev. These Orkhon inscriptions were published by Vasily Radlov and deciphered by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893.

This writing system was later used within the Uyghur Khaganate. Additionally, a Yenisei variant is known from 9th-century Yenisei Kyrgyz inscriptions, and it has likely cousins in the Talas Valley of Turkestan and the Old Hungarian alphabet of the 10th century. Words were usually written from right to left.
Fernando Quiroz
Fernando Héctor Quiroz is a retired Argentine football midfielder. He was born on June 19, 1968, in Buenos Aires and has worked as a football manager since 2001. He is currently the head coach of Gimnasia y Tiro de Salta.

Gimnasia y Tiro
Club de Gimnasia y Tiro is an Argentine football club, based in the city of Salta. The team currently plays in Primera Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Gimnasia y Tiro has played four seasons at the highest level of Argentine football. First came in 1979 and 1981 Nacional championships. Gimnasia finished bottom of their group in 1979 and 6th of 7 teams in 1981. The third season was in 1993–94. The fourth season was in 1997–98 when the squad promoted to the Argentine Primera División but after finishing 20th (last) in the Apertura and 17th in the Clausura tournaments respectively, Gimnasia was relegated at the end of the season.
Abigail Roache
Abigail Roache (born 12 September 2000) is a New Zealand professional rugby league player who plays for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL Women's Premiership.

Primarily a centre, she has represented New Zealand and previously played for the Newcastle Knights. In rugby union, she played for the Chiefs Manawa in Super Rugby Aupiki and provincially for the Auckland Storm.

NRL Women's Premiership
The NRL Women's Premiership (NRLW) also known as the Telstra NRL Women's Premiership due to sponsorship is a rugby league competition in Australasia for female players. The league is run by the National Rugby League (NRL) and is contested by a subset of clubs from that competition. Currently, the league contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.

The current Premiers are the Brisbane Broncos.
Margaret Clarke-Kwestie
Margaret Clarke-Kwesie is a former Ghanaian politician and Deputy Minister of Health from 1993 to 2001 under the Rawlings government. In the 1996 General Elections held in Ghana, she won the seat as the Member of Parliament for Ga South Constituency under the flag of the National Democratic Congress with 52.20%.

1996 Ghanaian general election
General elections were held in Ghana on 7 December 1996. In the presidential elections, incumbent Jerry Rawlings of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) was re-elected in a single round, defeating John Kufuor of the Great Alliance (led by Kufuor's New Patriotic Party) with 57% of the vote. The NDC retained its majority in Parliament, winning 133 of the 200 seats.

In contrast to the 1992 general elections, these elections were not mired in controversy. In the aftermath of the contentious 1992 elections, several electoral reforms were made with the intent to increase the perceived fairness of the electoral process and put in place measures to prevent fraud.
Catholic university in Hong Kong
The idea of establishing Catholic university in Hong Kong was first made by the late Bishop Francis Hsu, a Catholic priest in Hong Kong. By 2015, only Caritas Hong Kong was still endeavoring to achieve this goal, which they achieved in 2024.

Saint Francis University, Hong Kong
Saint Francis University (SFU, formerly Caritas Institute of Higher Education from 2011 to January 2024) is a private university in Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong.

The institute was established by Caritas Hong Kong in 1985, and is able to award bachelor's degree or below. It was initially named after Francis Hsu, the Bishop of Hong Kong between 1969 and 1973. Until May 2011, the college was granted the degree-conferring status and it was renamed as Caritas Institute of Higher Education as an institution for its academic awards up to bachelor's degree level. On 9 January 2024, the Executive Council of Hong Kong approved the institute becoming Saint Francis University, making it the first Catholic university in Hong Kong. The university now offers master's and postgraduate programs.
Austroepigomphus
Austroepigomphus is a genus of dragonflies in the family Gomphidae. 
The species are medium-sized with black and yellow  markings. Segment 9 and segment 10 of their abdomen are stretched. They are commonly known as hunters. The three species of Austroepigomphus are found on the eastern and northern areas of the Australian continent.

Austroepigomphus praeruptus
Austroepigomphus praeruptus, also known as Austroepigomphus (Austroepigomphus) praeruptus, and up until recently Austrogomphus praeruptus, is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae, It is known by the common names, Twinspot Hunter and Melaleuca Hunter.
It inhabits slow streams, rivers and ponds in eastern Australia.

Austroepigomphus praeruptus is a medium-sized, black and yellow dragonfly.
Irish Deaf Society
The Irish Deaf Society (IDS) is the national representative organisation of the Deaf community in Ireland.  It upholds the status of Irish Sign Language (ISL), which is the first and preferred language of Deaf people in Ireland.  The Society, a growing and vital organization, provides a number of specific health, personal and social services to deaf adults, children and their families.

The IDS is recognised by the World Federation of the Deaf and The European Union of the Deaf, non-governmental organisations that represent National Associations of the Deaf at the world and European Union levels.

Deaf culture
Deaf culture is the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. When used as a cultural label,  especially within the culture, the word deaf is often written with a capital D and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the audiological condition, it is written with a lower case d. Carl G. Croneberg was among the first to discuss analogies between Deaf and hearing cultures in his appendices C and D of the 1965 Dictionary of American Sign Language.
Security market line
Security market line (SML) is the representation of the capital asset pricing model. It displays the expected rate of return of an individual security as a function of systematic, non-diversifiable risk. The risk of an individual risky security reflects the volatility of the return from the security rather than the return of the market portfolio. The risk in these individual risky securities reflects the systematic risk.

Systematic risk
In finance and economics, systematic risk (in economics often called aggregate risk or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect aggregate outcomes such as broad market returns, total economy-wide resource holdings, or aggregate income. In many contexts, events like earthquakes, epidemics and major weather catastrophes pose aggregate risks that affect not only the distribution but also the total amount of resources. That is why it is also known as contingent risk, unplanned risk or risk events. If every possible outcome of a stochastic economic process is characterized by the same aggregate result (but potentially different distributional outcomes), the process then has no aggregate risk.
Voronezh constituency
The Voronezh constituency (No.87) is a Russian legislative constituency in Voronezh Oblast. The constituency covers eastern half of Voronezh on the left bank of Voronezh river, the city surroundings and rural areas to the south up to Liski.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Arkady Ponomaryov, a three-term State Duma member, dairy farmer and businessman.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Topsy Labs
Topsy Labs was a social search and analytics company based in San Francisco, California. The company was a certified Twitter partner and maintained a comprehensive index of tweets, numbering in the hundreds of billions, dating back to Twitter's inception in 2006.

Topsy made products to search, analyze and draw insights from conversations and trends on the public social websites including Twitter and Google+.

The company was acquired by Apple Inc. in December 2013, and shut down on December 16, 2015.

Google+
Google+ (sometimes written as Google Plus, stylized as G+ or g+) was a social network owned and operated by Google until it ceased operations in 2019. The network was launched on June 28, 2011, in an attempt to challenge other social networks, linking other Google products like Google Drive, Blogger, Google AdSense, and YouTube. The service, Google's fourth foray into social networking, experienced strong growth in its initial years, although usage statistics varied, depending on how the service was defined. Three Google executives oversaw the service, which underwent substantial changes that led to a redesign in November 2015.

Due to low user engagement and disclosed software design flaws that potentially allowed outside developers access to personal information of its users, the Google+ developer API was discontinued on March 7, 2019, and Google+ was shut down for business and personal use on April 2, 2019.
Gwen Berry
Gwendolyn Denise Berry (born June 29, 1989) is an American track and field athlete who specializes in the hammer throw. Her mark of 77.78 m (255 ft 2 in) on June 8, 2018, ranks her #7 on the all-time list.  She also holds the world record in the weight throw with a mark of 25.60 m (83 ft 11+3⁄4 in) set in March 2017. She is a three-time national champion in the weight throw at the USA Indoor Track and Field Championships. She was the gold medalist in the hammer at the 2014 Pan American Sports Festival.  She is also the 2019 Pan American Games Champion.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Jiang Yi-huah
Jiang Yi-huah (Chinese: 江宜樺; pinyin: Jiāng Yíhuà; born 18 November 1960) is a Taiwanese political scientist and politician who served as the premier of the Republic of China from 2013 to 2014.

After graduating from National Taiwan University, Jiang earned his doctorate from Yale University and became a professor of political science and political philosophy. He served as Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2012 and Minister of Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of the Executive Yuan from 2008 to 2009. In 2012, he became the Vice Premier of the Republic of China before being appointed as premier under President Ma Ying-jeou.

Research, Development and Evaluation Commission
The Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (RDEC; Chinese: 研究發展考核委員會; pinyin: Yánjiū Fāzhǎn Kǎohé Wěiyuánhuì) was a branch of the Executive Yuan of the Taiwan. The commission was responsible for policy research and development, policy planning, policy supervision and evaluation, government's IT management, circulation of government publications, archives and other tasks assigned by the prime minister.

The agency was dissolved on 21 January 2014 when it was merged with Council for Economic Planning and Development to form the National Development Council.