hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2002–03 Maltese First Division
The 2002–03 Maltese First Division season started on 7 September 2002 and finished on 4 May 2003. Naxxar Lions and Lija Athletic were relegated from Maltese Premier League. Msida Saint-Joseph and Senglea Athletic were promoted from Maltese Second Division.

Msida Saint-Joseph won the 2001 Championship and a year later they won the 2002 Championship; three consecutive promotions to get in the top level. Gozo and Xgħajra Tornados were relegated to Maltese Second Division. Msida Saint-Joseph won the 2003 Championship and Balzan Youths were promoted to Maltese Premier League.

2001–02 Maltese Second Division
The 2001–02 Maltese Second Division (known as Rothmans Second Division 2001-02 due to sponsorship reasons) started on 29 September 2001 and ended on 19 May 2002.The relegated teams were Tarxien Rainbows and Zurrieq.The promoted teams were Msida SJ and Senglea Athletics. Msida SJ finished as champions, therefore being promoted once again, having just been promoted. Senglea Athletics too were promoted having just been promoted. Melita were relegated alongside Santa Venera Lightning. The latter lost a relegation playoff with Attard 1-0.
Oleksiy Byelik
Oleksiy Hryhorovych Byelik (Ukrainian: Олексій Григорович Бєлік; born 15 February 1981) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for the Ukraine national team, and appeared on the main squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Also with three goals scored, Byelik was a leading scorer for the Ukraine U-20 team at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship. He was also on the Ukraine U18 squad at final of the 2000 UEFA European Under-18 Championship.

2001 FIFA World Youth Championship
The 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship took place in Argentina between 17 June and 8 July 2001. The 2001 championship was the 13th contested.  The tournament took part in six cities, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Salta, and Mar del Plata. The Golden Boot was won by Javier Saviola of Argentina who scored 11 goals.
When Misfortune Becomes Injustice
When Misfortune Becomes Injustice: Evolving Human Rights Struggles for Health and Social Equality is a 2020 book by American legal scholar and global health advocate Alicia Ely Yamin. The book was first published in 2020, part of the Stanford Studies in Human Rights series. Stanford University Press published a much expanded second edition in 2023 which covers the lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Yamin traces the development of health as a human rights concern from the 1970s through the COVID-19 pandemic, using case studies and her own experiences in advocacy, law, and global health to investigate the relationship between health rights, democracy, inequality, and global economic governance.

A Korean translation of the first edition was published in Korean in 2022.

Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It is currently a member of the Association of University Presses. The press publishes 130 books per year across the humanities, social sciences, and business and has more than 3,500 titles in print.
Academic rector in France
An Academic rector (Recteur d'académie) in France is a high-ranking civil servant responsible for managing an academic region, or in some cases, an academic district. The academic regions are administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the French Ministry of National Education and, for higher education, the Ministry of Higher Education.

The role of rector was established by Napoleon through a decree on March 17, 1808, following the law of May 10, 1806, which created the University of France. This legal framework granted the state exclusive authority over public education across the French Empire, solidifying what is often described as a "French exception."

University of France
The University of France (French: Université de France; originally the Imperial University of France) was a highly centralized educational state organization founded by Napoleon I in 1806 and given authority over both the individual (previously independent) universities and also primary and secondary education. The former individual universities were henceforth to be known as "academies" (such as the Académie de Paris), but each still retained a rector and local board of its own.  The University of France was disbanded in 1896.
Valimo railway station
Valimo railway station (Finnish: Valimon rautatieasema, Swedish: Gjuteriets järnvägsstation) is a station on the Helsinki commuter rail network located in the western part of Helsinki, Finland, between Huopalahti and Pitäjanmäki stations. It is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station, in the core of the Pitäjänmäki industrial area.

Helsinki commuter rail
Helsinki commuter rail (Finnish: Helsingin seudun lähijunaliikenne, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionens närtrafik) is a commuter rail system serving the Helsinki metropolitan area. The system is managed by the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL) and operations are contracted out to VR at least until 2031.

The system operates on four railway lines and comprises 13 services, all of which terminate at Helsinki Central Station. Within the HSL region, tickets and timetables are fully integrated with other modes of public transport. Some VR commuter rail services extend into the HSL region, and HSL tickets are used instead of VR ones when travelling entirely within the HSL region. Both parties discontinued onboard ticket sales in 2017.

Commuter rail is a backbone of public transport in Helsinki and is by far the longest rapid transit system in Finland, carrying a total of around 70 million passengers in 2018 and operating around a thousand departures each weekday (2023).
Liao Mengxing
Liao Mengxing (1904 – January 7, 1988), also known as Liao Xianlin and Liao Shaofen, was a Chinese political activist. She was the secretary of Soong Ching-ling and was later a member of  the All-China Women's Federation. She was the daughter of Liao Zhongkai and He Xiangning and the older sister of Liao Chengzhi.

Liao Chengzhi
Liao Chengzhi (Chinese: 廖承志; pinyin: Liào Chéngzhì; 25 September 1908 – 10 June 1983) was a Chinese politician. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1928, and rose to the position of director of the Xinhua News Agency; after 1949, he worked in various positions related to foreign affairs, most prominently president of the Beijing Foreign Languages Institute, president of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Society, and Minister of the Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs.
Kamil Giżycki
Kamil Giżycki (19 August 1893, at Grybów – 19 April 1968, at Wrocław) was a Polish writer, traveler, engineer, and soldier for Austria-Hungary during World War I, the Polish Siberian Brigade during the Polish–Soviet War, the White Army during the Russian Civil War, and, later, the Polish Home Army during the Invasion of Poland.

5th Rifle Division (Poland)
This unit should not be confused with the 5th Rifle Division (II Polish Corps in Russia).

Polish 5th Siberian Rifle Division (Polish: 5. Dywizja Strzelców Polskich, Russian: Польская 5-я Стрелковая Дивизия; also known as the Siberian Division [Dywizja Syberyjska, Сибирский Дивизион] and Siberian Brigade [Brygada Syberyjska, Сибирский Бригада]) was a Polish military unit formed in 1919 in Russia during the aftermath of World War I. The division fought during the Polish-Soviet War, but as it was attached to the White Russian formations, it is considered to have fought more in the Russian Civil War. Its tradition was continued in the Polish Army as the 30th Infantry Division.
Space tug
A space tug is a type of spacecraft used to transfer spaceborne cargo from one orbit to another orbit with different energy characteristics. The term can include expendable upper stages or spacecraft that are not necessarily a part of their launch vehicle. However, it can also refer to a spacecraft that transports payload already in space to another location in outer space, such as in the Space Transportation System concept. An example would be moving a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit (LEO) to a higher-energy orbit like a geostationary transfer orbit, a lunar transfer, or an escape trajectory.

The term is often used to refer to reusable, space-based vehicles. Some previously proposed or built space tugs include the NASA 1970s STS proposal or the proposed Russian Parom, and has sometimes been used to refer to expendable upper stages, such as Fregat, Spaceflight Industries Sherpa, and the Inertial Upper Stage, when such stages are optional.

Spaceflight Industries
Spaceflight Industries, Inc. is an American private aerospace company based out of Herndon, Virginia, that specializes in geospatial intelligence services. It sold its satellite rideshare business, Spaceflight, Inc., in June 2020.

Spaceflight Industries has two primary business services: BlackSky Global, their geospatial intelligence service, and LeoStella, a joint venture with Thales Alenia Space to manufacture small satellites.
Heroes' Acre, Pretoria
The Heroes' Acre (Afrikaans: Die Heldeakker; Dutch: De Heldenakker) is a section of Church Street Cemetery in Pretoria, South Africa. It was established in 1867, and contains the graves of renowned citizens and public figures. It is the burial place of a number of historical figures including Andries Pretorius, Paul Kruger and Hendrik Verwoerd. Australian Boer War war criminal Harry "Breaker" Morant (executed by the British for war crimes during the Second Anglo-Boer War) is also buried here.

Andries Pretorius
Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (27 November 1798 – 23 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the creation of the South African Republic, as well as the earlier but short-lived Natalia Republic, in present-day South Africa. The large city of Pretoria, executive capital of South Africa, is named after him.
Azotobacter
Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. Azotobacter species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils, in water, and in association with some plants.

Azotobacter chroococcum
Azotobacter chroococcum is a bacterium that has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, and was the first aerobic, free-living nitrogen fixer discovered.  A. chroococcum could be useful for nitrogen fixation in crops as a biofertilizer, fungicide, and nutrient indicator, and in bioremediation.
Gaullism, a way forward for France
Gaullism, a way forward for France (French: Le Gaullisme, une voie d'avenir pour la France, pronounced [lə ɡolism yn vwa davniʁ puʁ la fʁɑ̃s]) was a recognised movement within the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). It was created in 2012 to represent Gaullists within the party; it was led by Michèle Alliot-Marie, Roger Karoutchi, Henri Guaino and Patrick Ollier.

Roger Karoutchi
Roger Karoutchi (French pronunciation: [ʁɔʒe kaʁutʃi]; born 26 August 1951) is a French teacher and politician who has been serving as the first Vice President of the French Senate since 2020. He previously served as the French Ambassador to the OECD and as Secretary of State to the French Prime Minister, with responsibility for Relations with Parliament.
Aubrey Denzil Forsyth-Thompson
Aubrey Denzil Forsyth-Thompson, CMG, CVO, CBE (3 October 1897 – 13 June 1982) was a Colony of Natal-born British colonial administrator who served as British Resident Commissioner in Bechuanaland and Basutoland.

Basutoland
Basutoland was a British Crown colony that existed from 1884 to 1966 in present-day Lesotho, bordered with the Cape Colony, Natal Colony and Orange River Colony until 1910 and completely surrounded by South Africa from 1910. Though the Basotho (then known as Basuto) and their territory had been under British control starting in 1868 (and ruled by Cape Colony from 1871), the rule by Cape Colony was unpopular and unable to control the territory. As a result, Basutoland was brought under direct authority of Queen Victoria, via the High Commissioner, and run by an Executive Council presided over by a series of British Resident Commissioners.

It was divided into seven administrative districts: Berea, Leribe, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mafeteng, Qacha's Nek and Quthing.

Basutoland gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 4 October 1966 and was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho.
Joseph Jordan (doctor)
Joseph Jordan, FRCS, (3 March 1787 – 31 March 1873) was an English surgeon known primarily for his involvement in developing medical education outside its then traditional base of London. He established a medical school in Manchester and was an honorary surgeon of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, as well as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The college is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It publishes multiple medical journals including the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Faculty Dental Journal, and the Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
1957 New York City mayoral election
The 1957 New York City mayoral election occurred on Tuesday, November 5, 1957. Incumbent Democratic mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. won re-election for a second term in office. Wagner defeated the Republican nominee, businessman Robert K. Christenberry.

Robert F. Wagner Jr.
Robert Ferdinand Wagner II (April 20, 1910 – February 12, 1991) was an American diplomat and politician who served three terms as mayor of New York City, from 1954 to 1965. When running for his third term, he broke with the Tammany Hall leadership, ending the clubhouse's reign in city politics. He also served as United States Ambassador to Spain and in a number of other offices.
John Burnett (colonial secretary)
John Burnett (September 1781 – 10 July 1860) was the first Colonial Secretary of Van Diemen's Land.

Burnett served from March 1826 until 1835. Several scandals and maladministration characterised his tenure. He worked with Lieutenant Governor George Arthur in conducting the Vandemonian wars against the aboriginal population.

Colonial Secretary of Tasmania
The Colonial Secretary of Van Diemen's Land (later Colonial Secretary of Tasmania) was the representative of the British Colonial Office in Van Diemen's Land (later Tasmania), and was usually appointed from Britain.
In 1884, the role was renamed Chief Secretary.
Mai Mihara
Mai Mihara (三原 舞依, Mihara Mai; born 22 August 1999) is a Japanese competitive figure skater. She is the 2022 Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time Four Continents champion (2017, 2022), the 2018 Four Continents silver medalist, the 2019 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2022 MK John Wilson Trophy champion, the 2022 Grand Prix of Espoo champion, a two-time Winter World University Games champion (2019, 2023), and a two-time Japanese national medalist (silver in 2022 and bronze in 2016).

2019 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
The 2019 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships were held on February 7–10, 2019 in Anaheim, California, United States. Held annually since 1999, the competition featured skaters from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
David Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham
General David John Ramsbotham, Baron Ramsbotham, GCB, CBE (6 November 1934 – 13 December 2022) was a British Army officer who later served as HM Chief Inspector of Prisons. He was awarded a life peerage in 2005 and later sat on the crossbenches of the House of Lords.

Crossbencher
A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures, such as the Parliament of Australia. In the British House of Lords the term refers to members of the parliamentary group of non-political peers. They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to the government and opposition benches, where crossbenchers sit in the chamber.
Steve Clark (Canadian politician)
Stephen J. Clark MPP (born November 7, 1960) is a Canadian politician who has represented Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 2010. A member of the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, Clark was the minister of municipal affairs and housing from 2018 until 2023, when he resigned from provincial cabinet amid the Greenbelt scandal. Clark was mayor of Brockville from 1982 to 1991. Today, Clark is the Commissioner of the Board of Internal Economy, Government House Leader, and Parliamentary Assistant to the Premier.

Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes (provincial electoral district)
Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1987.  Before the 2018 election, it was known simply as Leeds—Grenville.

It consists of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville.

Since 1999, provincial ridings have been defined to have the same borders as federal ridings.

For the 2018 election, the district gave up a small portion of territory to Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston.
Hamidullah Qadri
Hamidullah Qadri (born 5 December 2000) is an Afghan-born English professional cricketer who has played for Kent County Cricket Club, Derbyshire and the England under-19 team.

Born in Afghanistan and moving to England with his family at the age of 10, Qadri made his first-class cricket debut for Derbyshire in June 2017, becoming the first player born in 2000 to appear in the County Championship and Derbyshire's youngest ever first-class player.

England under-19 cricket team
The England Under-19 cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket,  have been playing official Under-19 Test matches since 1974. Prior to 1991/92 they were known as England Young Cricketers.

Former captains include Mike Atherton, Michael Vaughan, Alastair Cook and Andrew Flintoff, who have all gone on to captain the senior national team in Test matches after playing for this team.
Guido Merkens
Guido Albert Merkens Jr. (born August 14, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback, running back, wide receiver, punter and defensive back for 10 seasons for the Houston Oilers, New Orleans Saints and Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He became synonymous with the kind of player who did not excel at any one position, but was valuable because he could fill in at so many positions.

Punter (gridiron football)
A punter in gridiron football is a special teams player who receives the snapped ball directly from the line of scrimmage and then punts (kicks) the football to the opposing team so as to limit any field position advantage. This generally happens on a fourth down in American football and a third down in Canadian football. Punters may also occasionally take part in fake punts in those same situations, when they throw or run the football to get a first down instead of punting.
Dylan Meier
Dylan Meier (March 16, 1984 – April 19, 2010) was an American football quarterback. Meier played collegiality at  Kansas State and professionally for the Dresden Monarchs of the German Football League and Rhinos Milano of the Italian Football League.

Meier was the younger brother of former NFL tight end Shad Meier and older brother of Atlanta Falcons wide receiver Kerry Meier.

German Football League
The German Football League (GFL) is a professional American football league in Germany. The league was formed in 1979. In 1999, the league changed to its current name from American-Football-Bundesliga. Rules are based on American NCAA rules.

In terms of attendance figures, cumulative salaries paid by teams, performance in international exhibition games and competitions and ability to draw foreign talent, the GFL is generally considered the most competitive national league in Europe.
Tom Durkin (sportscaster)
Tom Durkin (born November 30, 1950) is a semi-retired American sportscaster and public address announcer specializing in Thoroughbred horse racing. He was the race caller for NBC Sports from 1984 through 2010 and served as announcer for the New York Racing Association from 1990 until retiring in 2014. For his career-long dedication, he was awarded the Eclipse Award of Merit in January 2015.

New York Racing Association
The New York Racing Association, Inc. (NYRA) is the not-for-profit corporation that operates the three largest thoroughbred horse racing tracks in the state of New York, United States: Aqueduct Racetrack in South Ozone Park, Queens; Belmont Park in Elmont; and Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs.

Racing at NYRA tracks is year-round, operating at Belmont Park from May to mid-July and from September through October; at Saratoga Race Course from mid-July through Labor Day; and at Aqueduct from November through April.

The New York Racing Association is the successor to the Greater New York Association, a non-profit racing association created in 1955. NYRA is separate from the governing body that oversees racing in New York, currently the New York State Gaming Commission.
MonetDB
MonetDB is an open-source column-oriented relational database management system (RDBMS) originally developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands.
It is designed to provide high performance on complex SQL queries against large databases, such as combining tables with hundreds of columns and billions of rows.
MonetDB has been applied in high-performance applications for online analytical processing, data mining, geographic information system (GIS), Resource Description Framework (RDF), text retrieval and sequence alignment processing.

Data orientation
Data orientation is the representation of tabular data in a  linear memory model such as in-disk or in-memory. The two most common representations are column-oriented (columnar format) and row-oriented (row format).

The choice of data orientation is a trade-off and an architectural decision in databases, query engines, and numerical simulations. As a result of these tradeoffs, row-oriented formats are more commonly used in online transaction processing (OLTP) and column-oriented formats are more commonly used in online analytical processing (OLAP).

Examples of column-oriented formats include Apache ORC, Apache Parquet, Apache Arrow, formats used by BigQuery, Amazon Redshift and Snowflake. Predominant examples of row-oriented formats include CSV, formats used in most relational databases (Oracle, MySQL etc.), the in-memory format of Apache Spark, and Apache Avro.