hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mitchell v. Helms
Mitchell v. Helms, 530 U.S. 793 (2000), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it was permissible for states to make loans to religious schools under Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981.

Lemon v. Kurtzman
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), was a case argued before the United States Supreme Court. The court ruled in an 8–0 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtzman) from 1968 was unconstitutional and in an 8–1 decision that Rhode Island's 1969 Salary Supplement Act was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The act had allowed the Superintendent of Public Schools to reimburse private schools (mostly Catholic) for the salaries of teachers who taught in these private elementary schools from public textbooks and with public instructional materials.
Xiao Siwen
Xiao Siwen (? — 970) was a Chinese politician who served as the chancellor and northern commissioner for military affairs of the Liao dynasty. He was the father of Xiao sisters (Xiao Hunian, Lady Xiao and Xiao Yanyan). However, for the sake of the overall situation and family glory, he agrees to make his youngest daughter Xiao Yanyan married with Yelü Xian and in 969, after Yanyan become the Liao Empress, Xiao then honoured as King of Wei (魏王). Later, when he an accompanied Xian Siwen on the hunt, he was assassinated by Gao Xun's people.

Emperor Jingzong of Liao
Emperor Jingzong of Liao (1 September 948 – 13 October 982), personal name Yelü Xian, courtesy name Xianning, was the fifth emperor of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty of China. He improved government efficiency and reduced corruption. He was known for going to war with the Northern Song dynasty. He died during a hunting trip and his wife later served as regent over his still 11-year-old son, the later Emperor Shengzong.
Alfredo Bengzon
Alfredo Rafael Antonio Bengzon, also known as Alfredo R. A. Bengzon,  (born 20 October 1935) is a Filipino physician, educator, and former public official. He also served as Vice President for the Professional Schools of Ateneo de Manila University, dean of the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, dean emeritus of the Ateneo Graduate School of Business, and President and CEO of The Medical City.

Ateneo de Manila University
The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila; Spanish: Universidad Ateneo de Manila), commonly referred to as the Ateneo de Manila or the Ateneo, is a private Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Established in 1859 by the Jesuits, it is among the oldest Jesuit-administered institutions of higher education in the Asia-Pacific.

The university offers primary and secondary education, as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and business. The university provides professional degrees through the Graduate School of Business, the School of Government, the School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Ateneo Law School. It follows a Jesuit tradition of liberal arts education, emphasizing the humanities at all educational levels.
Chatham Islands Television
Chatham Islands Television was a volunteer-run television station broadcasting to the Chatham Islands. It began broadcasting in 1991 and received significant funding from New Zealand On Air during its operation. Programming was obtained from videotapes flown in from the mainland and shown for a period of up to six hours. The station shut down in February 2002, when funding ended and the two mainland TVNZ channels were added to Sky.

NZ On Air
NZ On Air (NZOA; Māori: Irirangi te Motu), formally the Broadcasting Commission, is an autonomous Crown entity and commission of the New Zealand Government responsible for providing funding for broadcasting and creative works. The commission operates largely separate from government policy but must follow directions from the Minister of Broadcasting. NZOA is responsible for the funding of public broadcasting content across television, radio and other media platforms. It is also a major investor in New Zealand independent producers.

NZ On Air is the operating name of the Broadcasting Commission formed in the Broadcasting Act 1989 alongside the Broadcasting Standards Authority, meant to encourage individuals to pay the historical Broadcasting Fee that funded public broadcasters. In 1999 the Broadcasting Fee was abolished, and NZOA now receives funding directly from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
National Directorate of Strategic Intelligence
The National Directorate of Strategic Intelligence (Spanish: Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia Estratégica, DINIE), was the intelligence agency of Peru after the dissolution of the National Intelligence Service in 2001 and the creation of the National Directorate of Intelligence in 2006.

National Directorate of Intelligence (Peru)
The National Directorate of Intelligence (Spanish: Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia), or (DINI), is the premier intelligence agency in Peru. The agency is responsible for national, military and police intelligence, as well as counterintelligence.
Thomas Bond House
The Thomas Bond House is located at 129 South Second Street in Old City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Originally built in 1769, as the home of Dr. Thomas Bond, it has since been restored into a bed and breakfast.

The house was listed on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places in 1968 and is within the Old City Historic District, a district on the National Register of Historic Places. It is part of Independence National Historical Park and is 3 blocks east of Independence Hall. The main entrance faces south towards Welcome Park, the former location of William Penn's Slate Roof House.

Thomas Bond (American physician)
Philadelphia portal

Thomas Bond (May 2, 1713 – March 26, 1784) was an American physician and surgeon.  In 1751 he co-founded the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first medical facility in the American colonies, with Benjamin Franklin, and also volunteered his services there as both physician and teacher.
DallasK
Dallas James Koehlke (born 1991), better known by his stage name DallasK, is an American DJ, record producer, and singer based in Los Angeles. Active since 2010, he co-wrote and produced Fifth Harmony's 5× platinum single, "Work From Home," as well as their singles "Down" and "He Like That..." off of their self titled album. In addition, Dallas co-wrote and co-produced Lauv's singles "Sad Forever," and "Breathe" off Lauv's debut album. He has past cuts with Tiesto, Chromeo, Krewella, KSHMR, Terror Jr. Miquela, Joel Deleōn, Key & Stray Kids. He is also known for his collaborations with Hardwell and Tiësto: "Area 51" and "Show Me" are ranked first and third in the Top 100 on downloading platform Beatport. He is signed to Amigo Records and has had past releases with Musical Freedom, Revealed Recordings and Ultra Music.

Kshmr
Niles Hollowell-Dhar (born October 6, 1988), known professionally as Kshmr (pronounced "Kashmir" and stylized in all caps), is an American musician, DJ, songwriter, record producer, former rapper, and singer who came to prominence as a member of the production team the Cataracs under the stage name Cyrano. He was ranked 23rd on DJ Mag's 2015 Top 100 DJs poll and was awarded highest new entry for the year. In the same poll he elevated to 12th in 2016 and 2017, and again in 2020. He was ranked 11th in the same poll in 2021; and in 2022 in same poll he ranked 12. In July 2017, he launched Dharma Worldwide, a sublabel of Spinnin' Records. Kshmr performed live at many music festivals like Coachella, Tomorrowland, EDC, Ultra and Sunburn.
1973 Jordan League
The 1973 Jordanian  League (known as The Jordanian  League,   was the 23rd season of Jordan  League since its inception in 1944, In the 1973 it was called (first division league). Al-Faisaly won its 14th title.

Al-Faisaly SC
Al-Faisaly Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الفيصلي الرياضي) is a Jordanian professional football club based in Amman. Founded in 1932, the club competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football. Nicknamed "the Blue Eagles", they were founded as Al-Ashbal Club in 1932 .

They won 85 official titles, 35 league titles, 21 Jordan FA Cups, 17 Jordan Super Cups, and 10 Jordan FA Shield s being the record holder for all these competitions,  and 2 AFC Cups. Their rivals are Al-Wehdat, a club formed by a Palestinian refugee camp in Amman.
Scott A. Summers
Scott Andrew Summers (born 1967 in Decatur, Illinois) is an American scientist and professor at the University of Utah. He co-founded Centaurus Therapeutics, a biotechnology company that develops novel ceramide-reducing therapies to treat cardiometabolic disease.

Ceramide
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond.  Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer.  Contrary to previous assumptions that ceramides and other sphingolipids found in cell membrane were purely supporting structural elements, ceramide can participate in a variety of cellular signaling: examples include regulating differentiation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (PCD) of cells.

The word ceramide comes from the Latin cera (wax) and amide. Ceramide is a component of vernix caseosa, the waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human infants.
Gary D. Speer
Gary D. Speer (b. April 4, 1950) is a retired career officer of the United States Army. A veteran of Operation Uphold Democracy and the Iraq War, he served from 1972 to 2009 and attained the rank of lieutenant general and served in senior command and staff positions including acting commander of United States Army Europe, deputy commander of United States Army Central, acting commander of United States Southern Command, and deputy commander of United States Army South. His awards included the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, Army Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, and Legion of Merit.

Defense Superior Service Medal
The Defense Superior Service Medal (DSSM) is a military decoration of the United States Department of Defense, which is presented to United States Armed Forces service members who perform superior meritorious service in a position of significant responsibility.

It is most often presented to general and flag officers, followed by a lesser number of Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force colonels and Navy and Coast Guard captains. Presented in the name of the United States Secretary of Defense, it was established by President Gerald R. Ford on February 6, 1976 in Executive Order 11904. It is analogous and senior to the Legion of Merit, albeit awarded for service in a joint duty capacity.
Andrej Klimovets
Andrej Klimovets (Belarusian: Андрэй Клімавец, Andrej Klimavets; born August 18, 1974, in Gomel, Belarusian SSR, Soviet Union) is a former Belarusian and from 2005 German team handball player. He played for both national teams. He is World champion from 2007 with the German national team. He participated on the German team that finished 4th at the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship.

He competed for Germany in handball at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Germany men's national handball team
The Germany national handball team is the country's national men's handball team and represents Germany in international tournaments in men's handball and is one of the most successful handball teams in the world, having won three World Championships and two European Championship.
Robert Fergusson
Robert Fergusson (5 September 1750 – 17 October 1774) was a Scottish poet. After formal education at the University of St Andrews, Fergusson led a bohemian life in Edinburgh, the city of his birth, then at the height of intellectual and cultural ferment as part of the Scottish Enlightenment. Many of his extant poems were printed from 1771 onwards in Walter Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, and a collected works was first published early in 1773. Despite a short life, his career was highly influential, especially through its impact on Robert Burns. He wrote both Scottish English and the Scots language, and it is his vivid and masterly writing in the latter leid for which he is principally acclaimed.

Sydney Goodsir Smith
Sydney Goodsir Smith (26 October 1915 – 15 January 1975) was a New Zealand-born Scottish poet, artist, dramatist and novelist. He wrote poetry in literary Scots, sometimes referred to as Lallans, and was a major figure of the Scottish Renaissance.
KSFV-CD
KSFV-CD (channel 27) is a low-power, Class A television station in Los Angeles, California, United States, airing programming from MeTV Toons, a digital multicast network dedicated to classic cartoons. The station is owned and operated by Weigel Broadcasting, and transmits from the Mount Harvard Radio Site in the San Gabriel Mountains.

MeTV Toons
MeTV Toons is an American broadcast television network owned and operated by Weigel Broadcasting in partnership with Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched on June 25, 2024, as a spin-off of MeTV, the network's programming mainly consists of classic animated content owned by Warner Bros. Discovery (including Warner Bros., Hanna-Barbera, Ruby-Spears, and pre-1986 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer libraries), as well as third-party series from Paramount Skydance (Fleischer Studios, Famous Studios, and Terrytoons libraries), NBCUniversal (DreamWorks Classics, United Productions of America, Walter Lantz Productions, and Jay Ward Productions libraries), Sony Pictures Television (Screen Gems and United Productions of America libraries), WildBrain (Jay Ward Productions, Cookie Jar Group, and DIC Entertainment libraries), and Shout! Studios dating from the 1930s to the 2010s.
El ángel caído (album)
El Ángel Caído is the third studio album  by the Spanish Power metal band Avalanch and the last one featuring Víctor García, released in 2001. It features the collaboration of Leo Jiménez (from Saratoga and Stravaganzza).

Stravaganzza
Stravaganzza is a metal band from Madrid, Spain formed in 2004. The band has released four studio albums and one EP. They combine elements of extreme metal such as gothic metal, death metal, doom metal and black metal with heavily orchestrated symphonic metal and progressive/power metal.
Berry Mills, New Brunswick
Berry Mills is a small community in Maple Hills, New Brunswick. It is located northwest of Moncton in a valley between Lutes Mountain and Steeves Mountain, and around the main Canadian National Railway line, which was formerly the Intercolonial Railway of Canada line.  Major Intersections include New Brunswick Route 128 and New Brunswick Route 2 as well as Homestead Road and New Brunswick Route 128.  Berry Mills also includes the mostly forest area of Lutesville, New Brunswick.

New Brunswick Route 2
Route 2 is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, carrying the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway in the province. The highway connects with Autoroute 85 at the border with Quebec, Highway 104 at the border with Nova Scotia, as well as with traffic from Interstate 95 in the U.S. state of Maine via the short Route 95 connector. A core route in the National Highway System, Route 2 is a four-lane freeway in its entirety, and directly serves the cities of Edmundston, Fredericton, and Moncton.

A 20-year project to replace the original 1960s-era two-lane Trans-Canada Highway with a four-lane freeway was completed on November 1, 2007.  The final upgrade to Route 2 and Route 95 extended the continuous freeway network of North America east to New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. Once Autoroute 85 in Quebec is completed, Route 2 will also connect with the freeway networks of Central Canada without passing through the United States.
Carnation Gold Rush
"The Carnation Gold Rush" is a term used by Denver locals, historians and preservationists to represent the period between the 1880s and 1930s when the floriculture industry developed and thrived in Colorado.

Floriculture
Floriculture (from  Latin: floris + culture) is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colourful and even edible flowers and foliage. It is a commercially successful branch of horticulture and agriculture found throughout the world. Efficient production practices have been developed over the years, for the hundreds of plant taxa used in the floral industry, increasing the overall knowledge of whole plant biology. Plant breeding and selection have produced tens of thousands of new genotypes for human use.
Triepshi (tribe)
42°26′N 19°27′E﻿ / ﻿42.433°N 19.450°E﻿ / 42.433; 19.450

Trieshi is a historical Albanian tribe (fis) and region (in Montenegrin known as Atdhetaret) in Montenegro above the right bank of the Cem river near the Albanian border in Tuzi Municipality. It is part of the region of Malësia.

Tuzi Municipality
Tuzi Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Tuzi / Општина Тузи, Albanian: Komuna e Tuzit) is one of the 25 Municipalities of Montenegro. The municipal seat is the town of Tuzi. The municipality is located about 10 km south of the capital Podgorica and consists of more than 40 distinct settlements. The municipality roughly encompasses the Montenegrin part of the Malesija (Albanian: Malësia) region.
Maurotoxin
Maurotoxin (abbreviated MTX) is a peptide toxin from the venom of the Tunisian chactoid scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus, from which it was first isolated and from which the chemical gets its name. It acts by blocking several types of voltage-gated potassium channel.

Voltage-gated potassium channel
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential.  During action potentials, they play a crucial role in returning the depolarized cell to a resting state.
Valon Ethemi
Valon Ethemi (Macedonian: Валон Етеми; born 3 October 1997) is a Macedonian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Turkish TFF 1. Lig club Sivasspor on loan from Iğdır. A former youth international for Albania, he plays for the North Macedonia national team.

North Macedonia national football team
The North Macedonia national football team (Macedonian: Фудбалска репрезентација на Македонија, romanized: Fudbalska reprezentacija na Makedonija) represents North Macedonia in men's international football. It is administered by the Football Federation of Macedonia. The team plays their home matches at the Toše Proeski National Arena in Skopje.

North Macedonia has reached Euro 2020 (its first major tournament) and the European qualifying play-off final of the 2022 World Cup (after defeating Germany in Duisburg and Italy in Palermo).
Grady Martin
Thomas Grady Martin (January 17, 1929 – December 3, 2001) was an American session guitarist in country music and rockabilly.

A member of The Nashville A-Team, he played guitar on hits such as Marty Robbins' "El Paso", Loretta Lynn's "Coal Miner's Daughter" and Sammi Smith's "Help Me Make It Through the Night". During a nearly 50-year career, Martin backed many performers, among them, Hank Williams, Elvis Presley, Buddy Holly, Johnny Burnette, Don Woody and Arlo Guthrie, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline and Bing Crosby. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in March 2015.

JJ Cale
John Weldon "JJ" Cale (December 5, 1938 – July 26, 2013) was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Though he avoided the limelight, his influence as a musical artist has been acknowledged by figures such as  Neil Young, Mark Knopfler, Waylon Jennings, and Eric Clapton, who described him as one of the most important artists in rock history. He is one of the originators of the Tulsa sound, a loose genre drawing on blues, rockabilly, country, and jazz.

In 2008, Cale and Clapton received a Grammy Award for their album The Road to Escondido.
Alstom Metropolis Saint-Laurent
The Alstom Metropolis Saint-Laurent is a type of light metro train built by Alstom for the Réseau express métropolitain. Part of the Alstom Metropolis family, the initial order consisted of 106 two-car trains that were built in Sri City, India. The trains are fully automated (GoA4) with no driver or attendant on board the train. Trains run as a single two-car train at quieter times and as paired four-car trainsets during rush hour.

Automatic train operation
Automatic train operation (ATO) is a method of operating trains automatically where the driver is not required or is required for supervision at most. Alternatively, ATO can be defined as a subsystem within the automatic train control, which performs any or all of functions like programmed stopping, speed adjusting, door operation, and similar otherwise assigned to the train operator.

The degree of automation is indicated by the Grade of Automation (GoA), up to GoA4 in which the train is automatically controlled without any staff on board. On most systems for lower grades of automation up to GoA2, there is a driver present to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Driverless automation is primarily used on automated guideway transit systems where it is easier to ensure the safety due to isolated tracks. Fully automated trains for mainline railways are an area of research. The first driverless experiments in the history of train automation  date back to 1920s.
Remuera railway station
Remuera railway station is a station serving the suburb of Remuera in Auckland, New Zealand. It is served by the Southern Line and the Onehunga Line, and consists of an island platform which is accessed by a ramp from the Market Road SH1 motorway overbridge. The station was opened in 1873 and is one of the oldest remaining island platform stations in New Zealand. It includes a weatherboard and tile station building, typical of those designed by George Troup.

Southern Line (Auckland)
The Southern Line in Auckland, New Zealand, is the name given to suburban train services that operate between Waitematā and Pukekohe via Newmarket. Services are operated by Auckland One Rail under the Auckland Transport brand.
Digby plays
The Digby plays are a set of four Middle English plays from East Anglia found together in and named after the manuscript Digby 133 in the Bodleian Library. All the plays were written between about 1460 and 1550. The four plays are:

The Conversion of Saint Paul, a saint play

Mary Magdalene, a saint play

Wisdom, a morality play

Candlemas Day and the Killing of the Children of Israel, a mystery play

The first three of these were collected by Myles Blomefylde (1525–1603), whose signature appears on them. They were bound together with other material by Kenelm Digby, who gave the manuscript, now known as in Digby 133, to the Bodleian in 1634. The fourth play was added to the manuscript in the 1640s.

Mystery play
Mystery plays and miracle plays are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe. Medieval mystery plays focused on the representation of Bible stories in churches as tableaux with accompanying antiphonal song. They told of subjects such as the Creation, Adam and Eve, the murder of Abel, and the Last Judgment. Often they were performed together in cycles which could last for days.