hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
5th Virginia Infantry Battalion
The 5th Battalion, Virginia Infantry, also known as the Archer's Battalion, was raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and served as infantry. It fought mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia.

The battalion completed its organization at Richmond, Virginia, in May 1861. Its six companies were raised in the counties of Brunswick, Dinwiddie, Prince George, Henrico, and Greensville.

The unit served as heavy artillery along the James River, including at Fort Huger, before being attached to General Armistead's Brigade. During June 1862, it contained 213 men, was active in the Seven Days' Battles, then disbanded in September. Many of its members transferred to the 53rd Virginia Infantry regiment.

The field officers were Lieutenant Colonel F.H. Archer, and Majors William R. Foster and John P. Wilson, Jr.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Lwandle plate
The Lwandle plate is one of three tectonic microplates, along with the Rovuma plate and Victoria plate, that make up the African plate with the Somali plate and the Nubian plate. Its discovery is very recent, so the velocity of the plate is neither well known nor well understood. Many experiments are ongoing to quantify this. The Lwandle plate lies between 30°E and 50°E, sharing a boundary with the Nubian, Somali, and Antarctic plates.

The Lwandle plate is largely oceanic, lying off the southeast coast of Africa. It is currently believed that the southern part of Madagascar forms part of the Lwandlean plate, with one of the plate boundaries cutting through the island.

African plate
The African plate, also known as the Nubian plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It also includes a narrow strip of Western Asia along the Mediterranean Sea, including much of Palestine and Lebanon.  It is bounded by the North American plate and South American plate to the west (separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge); the Arabian plate and Somali plate to the east; the Eurasian plate, Aegean Sea plate and Anatolian plate to the north; and the Antarctic plate to the south.

Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali plate began rifting from the African plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African plate as the Nubian plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.
Samsung Galaxy Young
The Samsung Galaxy Young is an entry-level Android smartphone by Samsung Electronics which was released in March 2013 as a replacement for the GT-E1200, Galaxy Y and Galaxy mini 2.  Like all other Samsung Galaxy smartphones, the Galaxy Young runs on the Android mobile operating system.  The phone features a 3.27 inch TFT LCD touchscreen. The phone has Dual SIM capabilities depending on the model.  Many users have found the device's capabilities basic, seeing it as a low-end smartphone for children or teenagers who are having their first smartphone as the name implies.

Samsung Galaxy Mini 2
Samsung Galaxy Mini 2 is a smartphone manufactured by Samsung that runs the open source Android 2.3 "Gingerbread" operating system. It was announced and released by Samsung in February 2012. It is available in three colors: black, yellow, and orange.
Carry on Jatta 3
Carry On Jatta 3, also known by the initialism COJ3, is a 2023 Indian Punjabi-language comedy film directed by Smeep Kang and produced by Humble Motion Pictures. A sequel to both Carry on Jatta (2012) and Carry On Jatta 2 (2018), it stars Gippy Grewal, Binnu Dhillon and Sonam Bajwa in the lead roles with Gurpreet Ghuggi, Kavita Kaushik, Nasir Chinyoti, Jaswinder Bhalla, B.N. Sharma and Karamjit Anmol in supporting roles.

Carry On Jatta 3 released on 29 June 2023.

Gippy Grewal
Rupinder Singh "Gippy" Grewal (born 2 January 1983) is an Indian actor, singer, film director and producer whose works span over Punjabi and Hindi film industry.

His single "Phulkari" was very successful in the Punjabi music industry. He made his acting debut in the 2010 movie, Mel Karade Rabba, and which he followed with Carry On Jatta, Lucky Di Unlucky Story, Bhaji in Problem and Jatt James Bond. He revived "PTC Best Actor Award" in 2011 for his performance in the 2011 film  Jihne Mera Dil Luteya. He received the "PIFAA Best Actor Award" in 2012 along with Diljit Dosanjh and received "PTC Best Actor Award" in 2015 for Jatt James Bond along with Diljit Dosanjh. He is owner of production houses Humble Motion Pictures and Big Daddy Films along with his brother Sippy Grewal.
Ron Braunstein (curler)
Ronald E. Braunstein (born c. 1940) is a Canadian retired curler. He played as second on Team Manitoba (skipped by his brother Terry Braunstein) and won the 1965 Brier. Ron was a medical student at the time and had to miss the World championships that year. He was replaced on the team by Gordon McTavish.

Terry Braunstein
Terrance A. "Terry" Braunstein (born April 18, 1939)  is a Canadian retired curler. He skipped Team Manitoba to winning the 1965 Brier, and later went on to win a silver medal at the Curling World Championships of that year.
William Latymer
William Latymer (1498/1499 – 28 August 1583) was an English evangelical clergyman, scholar, and ecclesiastical administrator, best known for his roles as Dean of Peterborough (1560–1583) and Prebendary of Westminster (1560–1583). A chaplain to Anne Boleyn, he authored the Chronickille of Anne Bulleyne and contributed to the early development of the Chapter Library at Westminster Abbey. Latymer played a significant role in the English Reformation, notably as a witness in the trial of Edmund Bonner in 1549.

Dean and Chapter of Westminster
Christianity portal

The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are the ecclesiastical governing body of Westminster Abbey, a collegiate church of the Church of England and royal peculiar in Westminster, Greater London. They consist of the dean and several canons meeting in chapter and are also (less frequently) known as the Dean and Canons of Westminster.
Subhash Chandra Lakhotia
Subhash Chandra Lakhotia (born 4 October 1945) is an Indian cytogeneticist, academic, Distinguished Professor of Zoology, and the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) Distinguished Fellow at the Banaras Hindu University. He is known for his pioneering research on Drosophila with regard to its chromosome organization and replication. A Raja Ramanna fellow of the Department of Science and Technology and the Department of Atomic Energy, he is an elected fellow of all three major Indian science academies: Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences, India. He is a Senior Fellow of the Cell Stress Society International (USA). The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1989, for his contributions to biological sciences.

Indian Academy of Sciences
The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by Indian Physicist and Nobel Laureate C. V. Raman, and was registered as a society on 27 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it began with 65 founding fellows. The first general meeting of Fellows, held on the same day, elected Raman as president, and adopted the constitution of the Academy.
Michel Jourdain Jr.
Michel Jourdain Lascurain, better known as Michel Jourdain Jr. (born September 2, 1976), is a Mexican racecar driver who currently competes in the SuperCopa series for Andretti Jourdain Autosport, best known for winning two Champ Car races in 2003. He is the 2020 Super Copa GTM Champion.

Champ Car World Series
Champ Car World Series (CCWS) was an American open-wheel car racing series sanctioned by Open-Wheel Racing Series Inc., a sanctioning body that operated from 2004 to 2008. It was the successor to Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART), which sanctioned open-wheel racing from 1979 until dissolving after the 2003 season.
1999 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 20
The 1999 Tour de France was the 86th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Le Puy du Fou with a prologue individual time trial on 3 July and Stage 11 occurred on 15 July with a hilly stage from Le Bourg-d'Oisans. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 25 July.

Champs-Élysées
The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (UK: /ˌʃɒ̃z eɪˈliːzeɪ, ɛ-/, US: /ʃɒ̃z ˌeɪliˈzeɪ/; French: [av(ə)ny de ʃɑ̃z‿elize] ⓘ), usually shortened to the Champs-Élysées, is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The avenue is 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade.

The name is French for the Elysian Fields, the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology. It has been described as the "most beautiful avenue in the whole world".
Black River, Ontario
Black River is an unincorporated Dispersed Rural Community in the municipality of South Stormont, United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Ontario Highway 401 and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the community of Long Sault, and is on the Raisin River.

South Stormont
South Stormont is a township in eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. It is located 53 kilometres (33 mi) southeast of Ottawa. South Stormont borders on, but does not include, the city of Cornwall.
Zamzama (music)
Zamzama is a Persian word meaning "Thunder," or "Roar", but it can also mean "murmur" or "whisper to oneself". As with many Arabic and Persian words, it has been taken into Urdu and is now considered indigenous to that language. The meaning is: addition of notes. Zamzama is a type of Alankar) and part of the note ornamentation in Indian classical music.

Like a khatka, another type of Alankara, zamzama is a cluster of notes, which is used by the musician to embellish the landing note. The difference to a khatka is that the notes in a zamzama are rendered in progressive combinations and permutations. For the listener it sounds like a complex taan pattern with sharp gamaks.

Zamzamas are an integral part of tappa singing. In Khayal renditions it needs to be used with great caution by the vocalist, depending on the raga.

Khyal
Khyal or Khayal (ख़याल / خیال) is a major form of Hindustani classical music in the Indian subcontinent. Its name comes from a Persian/Arabic word meaning "imagination". Khyal is associated with romantic poetry, and allows the performer greater freedom of expression than dhrupad and is sung with the tabla instead of the pakhavaj. In khyal, ragas are extensively ornamented, and the style calls for more technical virtuosity.
Matroid parity problem
In combinatorial optimization, the matroid parity problem is a problem of finding the largest independent set of paired elements in a matroid, a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. The problem was formulated by Lawler (1976) as a common generalization of graph matching and matroid intersection. It is also known as polymatroid matching, or the matchoid problem.

Matroid parity can be solved in polynomial time for linear matroids. However, it is NP-hard for certain compactly-represented matroids, and requires more than a polynomial number of steps in the matroid oracle model.

Applications of matroid parity algorithms include finding large planar subgraphs and finding graph embeddings of maximum genus. Matroid parity algorithms can also be used to find connected vertex covers and feedback vertex sets in graphs of maximum degree three.

Linear independence
In linear algebra,  a set of vectors is said to be linearly independent if there exists no vector in the set that is equal to a linear combination of the other vectors in the set. If such a vector exists, then the vectors are said to be linearly dependent. Linear independence is part of the definition of linear basis.

A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors.  The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
2025 Michelin GT Challenge at VIR
The 2025 Michelin GT Challenge at VIR was a sports car race held at Virginia International Raceway in Alton, Virginia, on August 24, 2025. It was the ninth round of the 2025 IMSA SportsCar Championship.

Virginia International Raceway
Virginia International Raceway (VIR) is a race track located in Alton, Virginia, near Danville. It is less than a half-mile from the North Carolina/Virginia border just outside Milton, North Carolina, on the banks of the Dan River. VIR hosts amateur and professional automobile and motorcycle events, driving schools, club days, and private test rentals.
David Bianculli
David Bianculli (born 1953 or 1954) is an American TV critic, columnist, radio personality, non-fiction author and university professor. Bianculli has served as the television critic for NPR's radio show Fresh Air since the Philadelphia-based show went national in 1987, and often fills in for the show's host, Terry Gross. He was the founder and editor-in-chief of the website TVWorthWatching.com, and is an associate professor of TV and film history at Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey.

Terry Gross
Terry Gross (born February 14, 1951) is an American journalist who is the host and co-executive producer of Fresh Air, an interview-based radio show produced by WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and distributed nationally by NPR. Since joining NPR in 1975, Gross has interviewed thousands of guests.

Gross has won praise over the years for her low-key and friendly yet often probing interview style and for the diversity of her guests. She has a reputation for researching her guests' work the night before an interview, often asking them unexpected questions about their early careers.
Pyjamas Preferred
Pyjamas Preferred is a 1932 British comedy film directed by Val Valentine and starring Betty Amann, Kenneth Kove and Jay Laurier. It was based on the play The Red Dog by J.O. Twiss. It was shot at Welwyn Studios as a quota quickie.

Kenneth Kove
Kenneth Kove (1892–1984) was a British actor. He was a regular member of the Aldwych farce team between 1923 and 1930, often in "silly-ass" roles; appearing in It Pays to Advertise (1923), Thark (1927), A Cup of Kindness (1929), and A Night Like This (1930). He also appeared in several films.
Charlie Parker Memorial, Vol. 1
Charlie Parker Memorial, Vol. 1 is an LP record by Charlie Parker, released posthumously by Savoy Records. Several tracks on this album had been previously released on other formats (78 rpm records, 7 inch EPs and 10 inch LPs), but is the first 12-inch release of these master takes. It contains selections from four sessions recorded in 1947 and 1948, and contains several previously unreleased alternate takes from these sessions.

Savoy Records
Savoy Records is an American record company and label established by Herman Lubinsky in 1942 in Newark, New Jersey. Savoy specialized in jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel music.

In September 2017, Savoy was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music.
Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism
Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism are those Jewish laws that apply only to the Land of Israel. These include the commandments dependent on the Land (Hebrew: מצוות התלויות בארץ; translit. Mitzvot Ha'teluyot Be'aretz), as well as various customs.

Kil'ayim (prohibition)
Kil'ayim (or Klayim; Hebrew: כִּלְאַיִם, romanized: kilʾayim, lit. 'hybrid, mixture, diverse kinds') are the prohibitions in Jewish law which proscribe the planting of certain mixtures of seeds, grafting, the mixing of plants in vineyards, the crossbreeding of animals, the formation of a team in which different kinds of animals work together, and shatnez, or the mixing of wool with linen in garments.

The prohibitions are derived from the Torah in Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:9–11, and the Mishnah in tractate Kilʾayim, which has a Gemara in the Jerusalem Talmud, further elaborates on the applicable circumstances.
Annabelle Cleeland
Annabelle Cleeland is an Australian politician who is the current member for the district of Euroa in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. She is a member of the Nationals and was elected in the 2022 state election, replacing retiring MLA Steph Ryan.

She has been the Shadow Assistant Minister for Health since January 2025.

Prior to entering politics, Cleeland had served as a national agricultural journalist and editor for Fairfax Media and Stock & Land.

Steph Ryan
Stephanie Maureen Ryan (born 20 June 1986) is a former Australian politician. She was a National Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2022, representing the Legislative Assembly seat of Euroa.

During her time as member of parliament, Ryan also served as the deputy leader of the party from November 2014 to July 2022.
North Lake (Western Australia)
North Lake (Nyungar: Coolbellup) is a freshwater lake in the suburb of North Lake, located 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia, and 8 kilometres (5 mi) from the Indian Ocean. The suburb and lake are located within the City of Cockburn local government area.

It is part of the northernmost lake within a chain of lakes which make up the Beeliar Regional Park (North Lake, Bibra Lake, South Lake, Booragoon Lake, Yangebup Lake, and Thomsons Lake). The lake has been known by this name since 1877, and the name was approved for the suburb in 1954.

Bibra Lake (Western Australia)
Bibra Lake (Nyungar: Walliabup) is a freshwater lake in the suburb of Bibra Lake, located south of the central business district of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. The suburb and lake are located within the City of Cockburn local government area. It is bounded by the Roe Highway reservation to the north, Stock Road to the west, the Kwinana Freeway to the east and the freight rail line to the south.

Bibra Lake is the fourth lake (from north to south) of a string of lakes which combined comprise the Beeliar Regional Park. Bibra Lake contains two electric insect traps designed to reduce the number of mosquitoes in the area. A cycle way encircles the lake, which provides access to bird hides.
Rafał Wojaczek
Rafał Wojaczek (December 6, 1945 – May 11, 1971) was a Polish poet of the postwar generation. He was a son of a respected family in Upper Silesia. His life was marked by abortive studies, alcoholism, depression and suicide attempts, the last one of which was successful. His short career took place during the turbulent years of modern Poland when the younger generation began to realize that they were trapped in a mendacious political system. Other Polish poets and writers with comparable biographies include Edward Stachura, Marek Hłasko and Tadeusz Borowski.

Edward Stachura
Edward Stachura [ˈɛdvard sta'xura] ⓘ (18 August 1937 – 24 July 1979) was a Polish poet, writer and translator. He rose to prominence in the 1960s, receiving prizes for both poetry and prose. His literary output includes four volumes of poetry, three collections of short stories, two novels, a book of essays, and the final work, Fabula rasa, which is difficult to classify. In addition to writing, Stachura translated literature from Spanish and French, most notably works of Jorge Luis Borges, Gaston Miron and Michel Deguy. He also wrote songs, and occasionally performed them. He died by suicide at the age of forty-one.
Another Lonely Night (Jean Shepard song)
"Another Lonely Night" is a song written by Jan Crutchfield and Larry Butler. It was released as a single by both Jean Shepard (1970) and Jody Miller (1977). Shepard's version was the highest-charting, rising into the top 20 of the US country chart in 1971. Her version was included on her 1971 studio album Here and Now. Miller's version also made the US country chart, but only rose into the top 80 after its release. Both versions were reviewed by Billboard magazine following their individual releases.

Larry Butler (producer)
Larry Butler (March 26, 1942 – January 20, 2012) was a country music producer/songwriter. From the mid-1970s through the 1980s, he worked with Kenny Rogers. Many of his albums with Rogers went either gold or platinum and accumulated millions of sales around the world. These albums include Kenny Rogers (1976), The Gambler (1978), Gideon (1980) and I Prefer The Moonlight (1987). Rogers and Butler maintained a friendship outside of show business. Butler also produced Rogers' 1993 album If Only My Heart Had A Voice. He also participated in Rogers 2006 retrospective DVD The Journey.

Butler is the only Nashville producer to win the Grammy Award for Producer of the year.

Butler replaced Jimmy Johnson who played trumpet and keyboards as a founding member of the Gentrys. Johnson played the famous organ part on “Keep On Dancing” but he departed to start college in 1965 when Butler replaced him.
Le pescatrici
Le pescatrici (The Fisherwomen) Hob. 28/4, is an opera (dramma giocoso) in three acts by Joseph Haydn set to a libretto by Carlo Goldoni. Originally composed as part of the wedding celebrations of  Maria Theresa Countess Lamberg, the opera was first performed on 16 September 1770 in the court theatre at Eszterháza.

Eszterháza
Eszterháza is a palace in Fertőd, Hungary, built by Prince Nikolaus Esterházy.  Sometimes called the "Hungarian Versailles", it is Hungary's grandest Rococo edifice. It was the home of Joseph Haydn and his orchestra from 1766 to 1790.
American Shipping Company
American Shipping Company ASA (OSE: AMSC), formerly known as Aker American Shipping ASA, is a Norwegian-American shipping and shipyard company and part of the Aker Group. Aker ASA originally owned 53.2% of the company, and in 2008 reduced its ownership share to 19.9%.

The company is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway. It was reported in November 2007 that the company has approximately 1,300 employees.

Aker ASA
Aker ASA is a Norwegian industrial investment company with ownership interests concentrated in oil and gas, renewable energy and green technologies,  industrial software, seafood and marine biotechnology sectors. The company is listed on Oslo Stock Exchange. Aker's main shareholder is Kjell Inge Røkke, who owns 68.2% per cent of Aker through his company TRG Holding AS. The corporate headquarters are located in Fornebu, Norway. Aker was established in 1841 when Akers Mekaniske Verksted was founded in Oslo.