hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monoculture (popular culture)
The monoculture (also called global monoculture) is a concept in popular culture studies in which facets of popular culture are experienced by everyone at once, either globally or nationally. Critics such as Robert Christgau and Chuck Klosterman have posited that the monoculture existed from the 1950s to the 1990s and early 2000s but had ended by the 21st century, mainly toward the end of the 2010s, due to the rise of streaming media and the fracturing of popular culture. Other critics, like Linda Holmes and Steven Hyden, have suggested that the concept of the monoculture is a myth.

Chuck Klosterman
Charles John Klosterman (/ˈkloʊstərmən/; born June 5, 1972) is an American author and essayist whose work focuses on American popular culture. He has been a columnist for Esquire and ESPN.com and wrote "The Ethicist" column for The New York Times Magazine. Klosterman is the author of twelve books, including two novels and the essay collection Sex, Drugs, and Cocoa Puffs: A Low Culture Manifesto. He was awarded the ASCAP Deems Taylor award for music criticism in 2002.
Daylan Hairston
Daylan Hairston (born January 4, 1991) is an American professional stock car racing driver and crew chief who last competed part-time in the ARCA Menards Series, driving the No. 10 Ford for Fast Track Racing.

Fast Track Racing
Fast Track Racing (also known as Fast Track High-Performance Racing or Fast Track Racing Enterprises) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes full time in the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series East, fielding the Nos. 9, 10, and 11 for various drivers, and the No. 12 Toyota Camry for Takuma Koga. They also compete part-time in the ARCA Menards Series West. The team has also competed in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, the NASCAR Busch Series, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, as well as the IndyCar Series in the past.
Azerbaijanis in Georgia
Azerbaijanis in Georgia or Georgian Azerbaijanis (Azerbaijani: Gürcüstan azərbaycanlıları, Georgian: ქართველი აზერბაიჯანელები) are Georgian citizens of an ethnic Azerbaijani background. According to the 2014 census, there are 233,024 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Georgia.

Azerbaijanis comprise 6.5% of Georgia's population and are the country's largest ethnic minority, inhabiting mostly rural areas like Kvemo Kartli, Kakheti, Shida Kartli and Mtskheta-Mtianeti. There is also a historical Azerbaijani community in the capital city of Tbilisi (previously known as Tiflis), and smaller communities in other regions. There were some tensions in the late 1980s in the Azerbaijani-populated regions of Georgia; however, they never escalated to armed clashes.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
Roberta McCain
Roberta Wright McCain (February 7, 1912 – October 12, 2020) was an American socialite and oil heiress. She was the wife of Admiral John S. McCain Jr., with whom she had three children including U.S. Senator John S. McCain III and stage actor and journalist Joe McCain. McCain was active in the Navy Wives Clubs and her Capitol Hill home was a popular salon for lawmakers and politicians. In 2007 and 2008, she actively campaigned in support of her son John during his presidential bid.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Valayapatti A. R. Subramaniam
Valayapatti A. R. Subramaniam is an Indian classical musician and percussionist, considered by many as one of the foremost prominent exponents of thavil also known as dolu, a traditional percussion instrument in Carnatic music, accompanying windpipe instruments such as nadaswaram, saxophone, clarinet, etc, and string instruments like violin, mandolin, etc. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 2009. He is a recipient of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to Music.

Madras Music Academy
Madras Music Academy is one of the earliest established music academies in South India. Before the concept of infrastructure was introduced to India in the early 1920s, it was a gathering for elite musicians simply called (and is still more commonly referred to as) Music Academy (Tamil: சங்கீத வித்வத் சபை, sangeetha vidhwadh sabai) It plays an important role in encouraging and promoting primarily the Carnatic Music Indian art form. It played a vital role in the revival of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatnatyam in the 1930s when it faced near extinction due to a negative connotation caused by conservative societal standards.

They also run a music school called the Teachers college of Carnatic Music which has many eminent musicians on its faculty. Musicians such as Tiger Varadachariar, Appa Iyer, Valadi Krishnaiyer and Mudicondan Venkatarama Iyer adorned the chair of Principal of the Teacher's College.
Igor Rudensky
Igor Nikolayevich Rudensky (Russian: Игорь Николаевич Руденский; born 11 September 1962 in Iksha, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th State Dumas. In 2003, he was granted a Candidate of Sciences in Economics degree.

After graduating from the Riga Flight Technical School of Civil Aviation, Rudensky held various positions in the production sphere. From 1999 to 2016, he was a deputy of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th State Dumas. Since September 2021, he has served as deputy of the 8th State Duma from the Penza constituency.

In 2014, Rudensky filed a lawsuit against oppositioner Alexei Navalny. The reason for the lawsuit was the information disseminated by Navalny that Rudensky did not mention the land plot that he owned in the tax declaration for 2012. The Lyublino District Court of Moscow satisfied the claim.

5th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации V созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, lower house of the Russian Parliament. The 5th convocation met at the State Duma building in Moscow, worked from December 24, 2007 to December 21, 2011.

The 5th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2007 parliamentary election. Of the eleven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
Broken Lives (film)
Broken Lives (Spanish:Vidas rotas) is a 1935 Spanish drama film directed by Eusebio Fernández Ardavín and starring Lupita Tovar, Maruchi Fresno and Enrique Zabala. It is based on a short story by Concha Espina.

Contracts with the crew were signed in Barcelona and Madrid in August and September 1934. Filming commenced in October of the same year at CEA Studios in Madrid. The film was produced by INCA Films, it was the company's first sound movie.  The premier took place on 20 April 1935 in Cine Avenida. It was released in the United States in 1935.

Lupita Tovar
Guadalupe Natalia Tovar Sullivan (27 July 1910 – 12 November 2016), known professionally as Lupita Tovar, was a Mexican-American actress best known for her starring role in the 1931 Spanish-language version of Drácula. It was filmed in Los Angeles by Universal Pictures at night using the same sets as the Bela Lugosi version, but with a different cast and director.

She also starred in the film Santa (1932), one of the first Mexican sound films, and one of the first commercial Spanish-language sound films. After dying at the age of 106 in 2016, she registered a record of having been the oldest living Mexican actress, before being surpassed in 2026 by Dolores Muñoz Ledo, who died at 107.
Lenny (play)
Lenny is a 1971 play by Julian Barry about the life and career of American stand-up comedian Lenny Bruce. It opened on Broadway at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on May 26, 1972; where it ran for 453 performances. Lead actor Cliff Gorman won a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his portrayal of Bruce. The play was adapted into the 1974 film of the same name starring Dustin Hoffman.

The play's narrative is structured around controversial stand-up comedian Lenny Bruce's own nightclub routines, spanning from his early career in 1951 to his death from a drug overdose in 1966.

Cliff Gorman
Joel Joshua Goldberg (October 13, 1936 – September 5, 2002), known professionally as Cliff Gorman, was an American actor. He won an Obie Award in 1968 for the stage presentation of The Boys in the Band, and went on to reprise his role in the 1970 film version.
Spanky DeBrest
Jimmy "Spanky" DeBrest (April 24, 1937 in Philadelphia – March 2, 1973 in Philadelphia) was an American jazz bassist.

DeBrest played with Lee Morgan in his early years in Philadelphia. In 1957 he was a member of Ray Draper's Quintet, Jackie McLean, pianist Mal Waldron, and drummer Ben Dixon.

He played with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers until 1958 which included Bill Hardman on trumpet and certain sessions with Thelonious Monk on piano. Other credits include work with John Coltrane, Clifford Jordan, Ray Draper, Lee Morgan, and J. J. Johnson. His last recordings were made in 1971.

Ben Dixon (musician)
Ben Dixon (December 25, 1934 – November 8, 2018) was an American jazz drummer.

Dixon is best known for his contributions to many soul jazz albums on the Blue Note label led by Grant Green, Lou Donaldson and Big John Patton. He died on November 8, 2018, at the age of 83.
Imran Khan (Trinidad and Tobago cricketer)
Imran Khan (born 6 July 1984 in Port of Spain) is a Trinidadian cricketer who plays as a right arm leg spinner. Khan has mainly featured for Trinidad and Tobago in first-class and list-A matches. He has also played for Caribbean Premier League teams Barbados Tridents, Jamaica Tallawahs and the St Kitts and Nevis Patriots.

Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team
The Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team is the representative cricket team of the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The team competes under the franchise name, Trinidad and Tobago Red Force in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50. Trinidad has also won a sum of 13 regional one day titles, which is the most in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent T&T cricketers include Jeffrey Stollmeyer, Sonny Ramadhin, Deryck Murray, Charlie Davis, Larry Gomes, Rangy Nanan, Gus Logie, Ian Bishop, Brian Lara, Mervyn Dillon, Daren Ganga, Ravi Rampaul, Dwayne Bravo, Denesh Ramdin and Samuel Badree.
Saku Mizuno
Saku Mizuno (水野 朔, Mizuno Saku; born September 29, 1999) is a Japanese voice actress who is affiliated with Haikyō. She made her entertainment debut in 2018, and in 2021 she played her first main anime role as Rena Hananoi in the series Selection Project.

Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society
The Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society (東京俳優生活協同組合, Tōkyō Haiyū Seikatsu Kyōdō Kumiai), also known as Haikyō (俳協), is a Sendagaya, Shibuya-based talent management agency and cooperative representing Japanese voice actors.
Coolbinia, Western Australia
Coolbinia is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of Stirling.

The name Coolbinia is an Aboriginal word for mistletoe and the suburb was named when split from Mount Lawley in 1953.

Mount Lawley, Western Australia
Mount Lawley is an inner northern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The suburb is bounded by the Swan River to the east, Vincent, Harold and Pakenham Streets to the south, Central Avenue and Alexander Drive to the north, and Norfolk Street to the west.
Ore genesis
Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within Earth's crust. Ore-genesis theories vary depending on the mineral or commodity examined.

Ore-genesis theories generally involve three components: source, transport or conduit, and trap. (This also applies to the petroleum industry: petroleum geologists originated this analysis.)

Source is required because metal must come from somewhere, and be liberated by some process.

Transport is required first to move the metal-bearing fluids or solid minerals into their current position, and refers to the act of physically moving the metal, as well as to chemical or physical phenomena which encourage movement.

Trapping is required to concentrate the metal via some physical, chemical, or geological mechanism into a concentration which forms mineable ore.

The biggest deposits form when the source is large, the transport mechanism is efficient, and the trap is active and ready at the right time.

Earth's crust
Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, comprising less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume. It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates whose motion allows heat to escape the interior of Earth into space.

The crust lies on top of the mantle, a configuration that is stable because the upper mantle is made of peridotite and is therefore significantly denser than the crust. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovičić discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity.

The temperature of the crust increases with depth, reaching values typically in the range from about 700 to 1,600 °C (1,292 to 2,912 °F) at the boundary with the underlying mantle. The temperature increases by as much as 30 °C (54 °F) for every kilometer locally in the upper part of the crust.
Maynard Alfred
Maynard Alfred is a Marshallese politician serving Ailuk Atoll in Nitijela.

He was born on 28 December 1951 in Ailuk. He has worked in banking and finance. He was first elected ato Nitijela in 2007. He was appointed minister of public works in 2009.

He was elected in the 2019 election with 188 votes. The first documented election Alfred won was the 1999 Marshallese general election.

Nitijela
The Nitijela (Marshallese: Nitijeļā [nʲidˠiːzʲɛlˠæ]) is the legislature of the Marshall Islands. It has 33 members, elected for a four-year term in nineteen single-seat and five multi-seat constituencies. The last election was 20 November 2023. Elections in the Marshall Islands are officially nonpartisan, but most members of the Nitijeļā are affiliated with one of the four active political parties in the Marshall Islands: Aelon Kein Ad (AKA), Kien Eo Am (KEA), United People's Party (UPP), and United Democratic Party (UDP).
Jafar Ali Hocha
Jafar Ali Hocha is a Pakistani politician who is an incumbent Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since 10 February 2024. He also has been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018 and from October 2018 to January 2023.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
502nd Fighter-Bomber Squadron
The 502nd Fighter-Bomber Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was assigned to the 85th Fighter-Bomber Group.  It participated with dive bombers in air support maneuvers until 1943, when it became a Replacement Training Unit for fighter-bomber pilots.  It was disbanded on 1 May 1944, when the Army Air Forces reorganized its training and support units in the United States.

Operational - Replacement Training Units
Operational Training Units (OTU) and Replacement Training Units (RTU) were training organizations of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Unlike the schools of the Army Air Forces Training Command (AAFTC), OTU-RTU units were operational units of the four domestic numbered air forces along with I Troop Carrier Command and Air Transport Command, with the mission of final phase training new pilots or crews.  Most  were disbanded in the spring of 1944 and replaced by combat crew replacement centers assigned to base units.
Robert Garth
Robert Garth (born October 2, 1979) is an American former football linebacker and wide receiver, who played for eight seasons in Arena Football 2. He is best known for his six-plus seasons with the Green Bay Blizzard. He played for the team from 2003 to 2006 and again in 2008 through 2009. Garth was honored by Arena Football 2 as one of the top 10 Ironman players of all time for his play both ways on offense and defense. Garth was known as "Superman" to the fans because of his aggressive and acrobatic style of play.

Green Bay Blizzard
The Green Bay Blizzard are a professional indoor football team based in the Green Bay metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The franchise was founded in 2003. The Blizzard began play in the IFL in 2010, after having played the previous seven seasons in af2, the now-defunct minor league of the Arena Football League. They play their home games at the Resch Center. The team's logo represents Bruiser, the team mascot.
Gateholm
Gateholm or Gateholm Island is a small tidal island off the south west coast of Pembrokeshire, in the community of Marloes and St Brides, in the south west side of Wales, in the west of the UK, and about 8 miles (13 km) west of the port of Milford Haven. It is known for its Romano-British remains. Gateholm is owned by the National Trust as part of their Marloes Sands and Mere estate.

Romano-British culture
The Romano-British culture arose in Britain under the Roman Empire following the Roman conquest in AD 43 and the creation of the province of Britannia. It arose as a fusion of the imported Roman culture with that of the indigenous Britons, a people of Celtic language and custom.

Scholars such as Christopher Snyder believe that during the 5th and 6th centuries – approximately from 410 when the Roman legions withdrew, to 597 when St Augustine of Canterbury arrived – southern Britain preserved an active sub-Roman culture that survived the attacks from the Anglo-Saxons and even used a vernacular Latin when writing.
Sprengplatz Grunewald
Sprengplatz Grunewald is the name of an area of about 200 by 200 metres (660 ft × 660 ft), located in the Grunewald forest, in Berlin. It is part of Nikolassee, of Steglitz-Zehlendorf. Since 1950, the area has been used to store ammunition. It is also used for detonating ammunition, in a controlled setting. The site also accepts ammunition that has been found, and that needs to be removed safely. Berlin Police have a special unit responsible for this.

Berlin Police
The Berlin Police (German: Polizei Berlin, lit. 'Police Berlin'; formerly Der Polizeipräsident in Berlin, lit. 'The Police President in Berlin') is the Landespolizei (lit. 'state police') force for the city-state of Berlin, Germany. Law enforcement in Germany is divided between federal and state (Land) agencies.

The Berlin Police is headed by the Polizeipräsident (lit. 'Chief of Police'), Barbara Slowik Meisel. Her Polizeivizepräsident (lit. 'Vice-chief of Police'  or 'deputy') is Marco Langner. They are supported in the management of the force by the Staff Office of the Police Chief, the commanders of the five Local Divisions, the Division for Central Tasks, the Criminal Investigation Department, and the Central Services Division and the Academy of Police.
Madou District
Madou District (Chinese: 麻豆區; pinyin: Mádòu Qū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Môa-tāu-khu) is a district of about 43,071 residents in Tainan special municipality, Taiwan. It owes its name to the Siraya language word Mattau. Mattau was one of the four core Sirayan villages during much of Taiwan's colonial history and figured heavily in the formation of colonial policy in Dutch Formosa. Currently, it is a well-known town in Tainan for its local culinary specialties and historical sites, and has become more prosperous in recent five years due to the presence of two universities. As an example of the increased attention Madou is receiving, the New Year Countdown Night for 2006 in Tainan was held at Madou Junior High School.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.
2002 Appalachian School of Law shooting
37°16′36″N 82°05′42″W﻿ / ﻿37.27676°N 82.095038°W﻿ / 37.27676; -82.095038

On January 16, 2002, a school shooting occurred at the Appalachian School of Law, an American Bar Association accredited private law school in Grundy, Virginia, United States. Three people were killed, and three others were wounded when a former student, 43-year-old Nigerian immigrant Peter Odighizuwa, opened fire in the school with a handgun.

Appalachian School of Law
The Appalachian School of Law (ASL) is a private law school in Grundy, Virginia. It is accredited by the American Bar Association and offers a three-year Juris Doctor degree to approximately 128 full-time students. The school was founded in 1994 and admitted its first class of students in August 1997. ASL was started and brought to Buchanan County, Virginia, as a tool of economic development for the region. ASL emphasizes professional responsibility and alternative dispute resolution in its curriculum.