hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bertram J. Rodgers
Bertram Joseph Rodgers (March 18, 1894 – November 30, 1983) was a highly decorated vice admiral in the United States Navy during World War II. He received his Navy Cross as captain of USS Salt Lake City in the battle of the Komandorski islands, during the Aleutian Islands Campaign.

Rodgers later served as commander of Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, commandant of 12th Naval District in San Francisco and commander of U.S. Naval Forces Germany. He completed his career as president of Permanent General Court Martial in 1956.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Big Shiny Tunes
Big Shiny Tunes is a series of rock albums compiled and released by the Canadian music television station MuchMusic, and through MusiquePlus in Quebec, from 1996 to 2009. The best-selling album of the series was Big Shiny Tunes 2, which was certified Diamond in Canada (1,000,000 units) by the CRIA on March 25, 1998.  It has been cited as the best-selling album series in Canadian history, with 5 million albums sold in ten years.

Music Canada
Music Canada is a non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 in Toronto to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, and distribute music in Canada. It also offers benefits to some of Canada's leading independent record labels and distributors. It was known as the Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association (French: Association canadienne des fabricants de disques) until 1972 and the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) (French: Association de l'industrie canadienne de l'enregistrement) until 2011.
Willis Glassgow
Willis Allen "Bill" Glassgow (April 21, 1907 – November 1, 1959) graduated from Shenandoah Iowa high school. Willis was an American football player and attorney.  He played halfback for the University of Iowa from 1927 to 1929, was selected as a first-team All-American in 1929, and received the 1929 Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the best football player in the Big Ten Conference.  He played two seasons of professional football in the National Football League for the Portsmouth Spartans in 1930 and the Chicago Cardinals in 1931.  He practiced law in Iowa from 1933 to 1959, including two terms as the Page County Attorney (1935–1939) and three terms as the Linn County Attorney (1951–1957).

Page County, Iowa
Page County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,211. The county seat is Clarinda. The county is named in honor of Captain John Page of the 4th U.S. Infantry, who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Palo Alto.
Longuinhos Monteiro
Longuinhos Rabindranatha Tagore Domingues de Castro Monteiro (born 20 December 1968) is an East Timorese jurist, administrator and politician. He has held several positions in government, including that of Minister of the Interior in the VI Constitutional Government between 2015 and 2017.

VI Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste
The VI Constitutional Government (Portuguese: VI Governo Constitucional, Tetum: VI Governu Konstitusionál) was the sixth Constitutional Government (administration or cabinet) under the Constitution of Timor-Leste.  Formed on 16 February 2015, it was led by the country's sixth Prime Minister, Rui Maria de Araújo, and was replaced by the VII Constitutional Government on 15 September 2017.
Pujo Committee
The Pujo Committee was a United States congressional subcommittee in 1912–1913 that was formed to investigate the so-called "money trust", a community of Wall Street bankers and financiers that exerted powerful control over the nation's finances.  After a resolution introduced by congressman Charles Lindbergh Sr. for a probe on Wall Street power, congressman Arsène Pujo of Louisiana was authorized to form a subcommittee of the House Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1913–1914, the findings inspired public support for ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment that authorized a federal income tax, passage of the Federal Reserve Act, and passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act.

Charles August Lindbergh
Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He is known for his opposition to the 1913 Federal Reserve Act, which he warned would hand control of the economy to "a purely profiteering group" operating "for the sole purpose of obtaining the greatest possible profits from the use of other people's money." Lindbergh opposed American entry into World War I, arguing that the United States should avoid foreign entanglements. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh.
Alfabet/Alphabet
Alfabet/Alphabet: A Memoir of a First Language is a book written by Canadian poet Sadiqa de Meijer. It is a collection of essays and a record of her transitioning from speaking Dutch to English. The book was published in October 2020 by Palimpsest Press of Windsor, Ontario, and won the 2021 Governor General's Literary Award for English-language non-fiction.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Graph enumeration
In combinatorics, an area of mathematics, graph enumeration describes a class of combinatorial enumeration problems in which one must count undirected or directed graphs of certain types, typically as a function of the number of vertices of the graph. These problems may be solved either exactly (as an algebraic enumeration problem) or asymptotically.
The pioneers in this area of mathematics were George Pólya, Arthur Cayley and J. Howard Redfield.

Asymptotic analysis
In mathematical analysis, asymptotic analysis, also known as asymptotics, is a method of describing limiting behavior.

As an illustration, suppose that we are interested in the properties of a function f (n) as n becomes very large. If f(n) = n2 + 3n, then as n becomes very large, the term 3n becomes insignificant compared to n2. The function f(n) is said to be "asymptotically equivalent to n2, as n → ∞". This is often written symbolically as f (n) ~ n2, which is read as "f(n) is asymptotic to n2."

An example of an important asymptotic result is the prime number theorem. Let π(x) denote the prime-counting function (which is not directly related to the constant pi), i.e. π(x) is the number of prime numbers that are less than or equal to x. Then the theorem states that
Oxidation with chromium(VI) complexes
Oxidation with chromium(VI) complexes involves the conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds or more highly oxidized products through the action of molecular chromium(VI) oxides and salts. The principal reagents are Collins reagent, PDC, and PCC. These reagents represent improvements over inorganic chromium(VI) reagents such as Jones reagent.

Jones oxidation
The Jones oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively. It is named after its discoverer, Sir Ewart Jones. The reaction was an early method for the oxidation of alcohols.  Its use in organic chemistry has been displaced by related reagents such as the pyridine complex of chromium trioxide ("Collins reagent").

Jones reagent is a solution prepared by dissolving chromium trioxide in aqueous sulfuric acid.  To effect a Jones oxidation, this acidic mixture is then added to an acetone solution of the substrate. Alternatively, potassium dichromate can be used in place of chromium trioxide. The oxidation is very rapid and quite exothermic.  Yields are typically high. The reagent is convenient and cheap. However, Cr(VI) compounds are carcinogenic, which deters the use of this methodology.
Janetta Johnson
Janetta Louise Johnson (born 1964/1965) is an American transgender rights activist, human rights activist, and prison abolitionist. She is the CEO of the TGI Justice Project. She co-founded the non-profit TAJA's Coalition in 2015. Along with Honey Mahogany and Aria Sa'id, Johnson is a co-founder of The Transgender District, established in 2017. Johnson's work is primarily concerned about the rights and safety of incarcerated and formerly-incarcerated transgender and gender-non-conforming people. She believes that the abolition of police and the prison–industrial complex will help support the safety of transgender people, and she identifies as an abolitionist.

Gender nonconformity
Gender nonconformity or gender variance is gender expression by an individual whose behavior, mannerisms, and/or appearance does not match masculine or feminine gender norms. A person can be gender-nonconforming regardless of their gender identity, for example, transgender, non-binary, or cisgender. Transgender adults who appear gender-nonconforming after transition are more likely to experience discrimination.
Man o' War Boulevard
Man o' War Boulevard is an almost 17-mile (27 km) urban arterial road circling Lexington, Kentucky to its south. The road was named after the racehorse Man o' War. Its western terminus is at US 60 (Versailles Road) / Keeneland Boulevard at Keeneland Race Course's main entrance, from which the highway heads southeast, intersecting with US 68 (Harrodsburg Road), US 27 (Nicholasville Road), and other roads. It then turns east and northeast, intersecting KY 1974 (Tates Creek Road), US 25/US 421 (Richmond Road), and I-75, before ending at US 60 (Winchester Road) at Brighton. The majority of the road is a four-lane divided highway with curbs and sidewalks maintained by the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government, but the 1.429-mile (2.300 km) portion east of I-75 is maintained by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet as Supplemental Road Kentucky Route 1425 (KY 1425), and only carries two lanes.

U.S. Route 68
U.S. Route 68 (US 68) is a United States highway that runs for 560 miles (900 km) from northwest Ohio to Western Kentucky. The highway's western terminus is at US 62 in Reidland, Kentucky. Its present eastern terminus is at Interstate 75 in Findlay, Ohio, though the route once extended as far north as Toledo. US 68 intersects with US 62 three times during its route.
Owain mab Urien
Owain mab Urien (Middle Welsh Owein) (died c. 595) was the son of Urien, king of Rheged c. 590, and fought with his father against the Angles of Bernicia. The historical figure of Owain became incorporated into the Arthurian cycle of legends where he is also known as Ywain, Yvain, Ewain or Uwain. In his legendary guise he is the main character in Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion and the Welsh Romance Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, which corresponds to Chrétien's poem.

Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.

The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, and Durham, as well as the Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria, and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Baltimore crisis
The Baltimore crisis was a diplomatic incident that took place between Chile and the United States, after the 1891 Chilean Civil War, as a result of the growing American influence in the Pacific Coast region of Latin America in the 1890s. It marked a dramatic shift in United States–Chile relations. It was triggered by the fatal stabbing of two United States Navy sailors from USS Baltimore in front of the "True Blue Saloon" in Valparaíso on October 16, 1891.  The United States government demanded an apology. Chile ended the episode when it apologized and paid a $75,000 indemnity.

Itata incident
The Itata incident was a diplomatic affair and military incident involving the United States and Chilean insurgents during the 1891 Chilean Civil War. The incident concerned an arms shipment by the Chilean ship Itata from the United States to Chile, to assist insurgent Congressionalist forces in the war.
Raza Hayat Hiraj
Barrister Muhammad Raza Hayat Harraj (Urdu: محمد رضا حیات  ہراج‎; born 21 July 1965) is a Pakistani politician who is the MNA from NA-144 (Khanewal-I) for the 16th National Assembly of Pakistan and has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 2002 to May 2018. He has served as Pakistan's Minister for Defense Production since 5 March 2025.

Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Defence Production (Urdu: وزارت دفاعی پيداوار; Trans.: Wazarat-e-Defai Padawar) abbreviated as MoDP, is an executive ministry of the federal Government of Pakistan with objectives of development and production of ordnance and machinery for the Pakistan Armed Forces.

Established as a separate ministry from its parent agency, Ministry of Defence in 2004, the MoDP oversees the development of conventional military weapons system through its separately funded organizations.
Andor Technology
Andor Technology Ltd is a global developer and manufacturer of scientific cameras, microscopy systems and spectrographs for academic, government, and industrial applications. Founded in 1989, the company's products play a central role in the advancement of research in the fields of life sciences, physical sciences, and industrial applications. Andor was purchased for £176 million in December 2013 by Oxford Instruments. The company is based in Belfast, Northern Ireland and now employs over 400 staff across the group at its offices in Belfast, Japan, China, Switzerland and the US.

Andor designs, manufactures, and sells scientific imaging equipment, including charge-coupled device (CCD), electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD), scientific CMOS (sCMOS - an improved Active pixel sensor), and intensified charge-coupled device camera systems, spectroscopy instrumentation, laser-based and laser-free microscopy systems and software.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Yes Man (film)
Yes Man is a 2008 romantic comedy film directed by Peyton Reed, written by Nicholas Stoller, Jarrad Paul and Christofer Tufton, and starring Jim Carrey. The film is based loosely on the 2005 memoir of the same name by the British humorist Danny Wallace, who also makes a cameo appearance in the film.

Production for the film began in Los Angeles in October 2007. It was released on December 19, 2008, in the United States and was then released in the United Kingdom on December 26, 2008. The film received mixed reviews, with most critics calling the plot too similar to one of Carrey's past films, Liar Liar, but was a box office success, making $223 million worldwide.

Liar Liar
Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy film starring Jim Carrey as a lawyer who built his entire career on lying only to find himself cursed to speak only the truth for a single day. He struggles to maintain his career and to reconcile with his ex-wife and son whom he alienated with his pathological lying. The film was directed by Tom Shadyac, and is the second of three collaborations between Carrey and Shadyac, the first being Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.

Liar Liar was released in the United States on March 18, 1997 by Universal Pictures. The film received positive reviews from critics, and grossed $303 million against a budget of $45 million. At the 55th Golden Globe Awards, Carrey was nominated for Best Actor.
CHIPS (satellite)
CHIPS (Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer, also Explorer 82 or UNEX-2, sometimes CHIPSAT) was a NASA Explorer program satellite. It was launched on 12 January 2003 from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a Delta II with the larger satellite ICESat, and had an intended mission duration of one year. CHIPS was the second of NASA's University Explorer (UNEX) mission class. It performed spectroscopy from 90 to 250 Angstrom (9 to 26-nm) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light.

Explorers Program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.

The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers (SMEX), and University-Class Explorers (UNEX), with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.
Ob constituency
The Ob constituency (No.182) is a Russian legislative constituency in Tomsk Oblast. The constituency covers southern half of Tomsk and sparsely populated western and central Tomsk Oblast, including oil-mining towns Kedrovy and Strezhevoy. After 2025 redistricting Tomsk Oblast is slated to lose one of its two constituencies, so Ob constituency is going to be dissolved and merged with Tomsk constituency.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Tatyana Solomatina, Member of Legislative Duma of Tomsk Oblast and dermatologist.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Ann F. Jarvis Greely
Ann Frances Jarvis Greely (October 15, 1831- October 22, 1914) was a women's rights activist, abolitionist, business owner, and suffragist in Maine. Greely was one of the first women to own a business in Ellsworth, Maine (and in the state itself). She started a series of women's rights lectures in 1857, and was active in the women's suffrage movement in Maine. Greely helped support the Unitarian Church in Maine. In 1895, she was given the legal right to practice medicine.

Ellsworth, Maine
Ellsworth is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, Maine, United States. The 2020 Census determined it had a population of 8,399. Named after United States Founding Father Oliver Ellsworth, it contains historic buildings and other points of interest, and is close to Acadia National Park.
William Hugh Young
William Hugh Young (January 1, 1838 – November 28, 1901) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). He was a university student and received a military education before the Civil War. He was a lawyer and real estate operator in San Antonio, Texas after the Civil War. Young spent nine months at the end of the war as a prisoner of war.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Israel Casado
Israel Casado, also known as Ysrael Casado, is a Dominican arranger, music coordinator, piano player, musical director, and producer. He is best known for working with artists Toño Rosario and Los Hermanos Rosario. Although he is no longer with Toño Rosario, he worked alongside Toño Rosario for over 13 years.

Israel Casado has also collaborated with Benny Sadel, Elvis Crespo, Grupo Mania, Manny Manuel, Vico C, and Miriam Cruz.

Toño Rosario
Máximo Antonio del Rosario (born November 3, 1955), professionally known as Toño Rosario, is a Dominican Grammy Award-nominated musician, best known for his role of bandleader of Merengue music act Los Hermanos Rosario. In 1990, he started his successful solo career receiving gold and platinum certifications.

Toño Rosario is a best selling merengue artist who has received nominations to the Latin Grammy Awards, Latin Billboard Music Awards and Grammy Awards. Rosario is known for hits such as ‘Kulikitaca’, ‘Resistire’, ‘Seguire’, ‘Jenny’ and ‘Viborar del Mar’. Rosario was the first solo merengue artist to ever sell out Madison Square Garden, United Palace, Altos de Chavón, la Plaza del Toro, Madrid, and Cuervana Stadium, México. Rosario is a minority owner/limited partner of the Miami Dolphins NFL team.
Angolmois: Record of Mongol Invasion
Angolmois: Record of Mongol Invasion (Japanese: アンゴルモア 元寇合戦記, Hepburn: Angorumoa: Genkō Kassen-ki) is a Japanese historical manga series written and illustrated by Nanahiko Takagi. An anime television series adaptation by Naz aired from July 11 to September 26, 2018.

The term Angolmois comes from the prophecies of Nostradamus about the reign of the great king of Angolmois, which is interpreted as being an anagram of the Old French word Mongolais 'Mongolians' and thus referring to Genghis Khan.

Naz (studio)
NAZ Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社NAZ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Nazu) is a Japanese animation studio located in Musashino, Tokyo. It animated the first season of Hamatora, as well as adapting Nitro+chiral's visual novel Dramatical Murder into an anime series.