hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yatsushiro Station
Yatsushiro Station (八代駅, Yatsushiro-eki)  is a junction passenger railway station located in the city of  Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu and the third-sector railway company Hisatsu Orange Railway. It is also a freight depot for the Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight).

Japan Freight Railway Company
Japan Freight Railway Company (日本貨物鉄道株式会社, Nippon Kamotsu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), or JR Freight (JR貨物, Jeiāru Kamotsu), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It provides transportation of cargo nationwide throughout Japan. Its headquarters are in Shibuya, Tokyo near Shinjuku Station.

The Japan Railways Group was founded on 1 April 1987, when Japanese National Railways (JNR) was privatized. Japanese National Railways was divided into six regional passenger rail companies and a single freight railway company, Japan Freight Railway Company.

The company has only about 50 kilometers (31 mi) of track of its own, and therefore operates on track owned by the six JR passenger railways as well as other companies which provide rail transport in Japan.
Labial–uvular consonant
Labial–uvular consonants (also labio-uvular consonants) are doubly articulated consonants that occur at two places of articulation, the lips and the uvula. They have been attested in Lese, a Mangbutu-Efe language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.

Lese language
Lese is a Central Sudanic language of northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as a name for the people who speak this language. The Lese people live in association with the Efé Pygmies and share their language, which is occasionally known as Lissi or Efe.

Although Efe is given a separate ISO code, Bahuchet (2006) notes that it is not even a distinct dialect, though there is dialectical variation in the language of the Lese (Dese, Karo).

Lese is spoken in Mambasa Territory, Watsa Territory, and Irumu Territory.
Paadal Petra Sthalam
The Paadal Petra Sthalams (Tamil: பாடல் பெற்ற தலங்கள்), also known as Devara Sthalams, are 276 temples that are revered in the verses of Shaiva Nayanars in the 6th-9th century CE. The Divya Desams by comparison are the 108 Vishnu temples glorified in the poems of the contemporary Sri Vaishnava Alvars of Tamil Nadu, India.

Nayanars
The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; Tamil: நாயன்மார், romanized: Nāyaṉmār, lit. 'teachers') were a group of 63 Tamil saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE. Along with the Alvars, their contemporaries, they influenced the Bhakti movement in early medieval South India. The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents.

The Nalvar (lit. 'The Four') are the three foremost Nayanars Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar along with Manikkavacakar.
Nahla valley
Nahla Valley (Arabic: سهل نهلا, Syriac: ܢܚܠܐ, romanized: naḥlā or Syriac: ܢܚܠܐ ܕܡܠܟ̈ܐ, romanized: naḥlā d-malkē, Kurdish: نه‌هلێ, romanized: Nehlê), meaning “valley of kings” in Syriac, is a geographic region located in the province of Dohuk in the Akre District, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Sapna valley lies to the northwest and is separated by a mountain range, and the city of Akre is to the south, separated by another mountain range. It is bound by the Greater Zab River to the north and east, and the Khazir River to the west.

Sapna valley
Sapna Valley (Kurdish: ڕووباری سپنه‌, romanized: Rîbarê Sipne) is a large valley in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, contained by two small mountain ranges to the north which are part of the greater Zagros mountain range. The valley is watered by the Great Zab river which flows along the eastern portion of the valley, and features hilly terrain in the central portion of it around Amadiya District.
Gayle Smith
Gayle Elizabeth Smith (born February 23, 1956) is the former CEO of the One Campaign. Smith was formerly Coordinator for Global COVID Response and Health Security at the U.S. Department of State. and was the former Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development
The administrator of the United States Agency for International Development is the head of the United States federal government's Agency for International Development (USAID).

The administrator is officially nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate. A 2017 reorganization of the US National Security Council placed the USAID administrator as a permanent member on the Deputies Committee.
Adam Polášek
Adam Polášek (born July 12, 1991) is a Czech ice hockey defenceman currently playing for HC Sparta Praha of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the 5th round, 145th overall of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

HC Sparta Praha
Hockey Club Sparta Praha, commonly known as  HC Sparta Prague, is a Prague-based Czech professional ice hockey team playing in the Czech Extraliga. The club has won four Czech championships (most recently in 2007) and four Czechoslovak championships, as well as two Spengler Cups, making it one of the most successful hockey clubs in Czech history. The team HC Sparta Praha plays its home games at O2 Arena, the largest arena in the country.

Founded in 1903, Sparta is one of the oldest hockey teams in the world.
Vincent Enyeama
Vincent Enyeama MON (pronunciationⓘ; born 29 August 1982) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is regarded as one of the greatest African goalkeepers of all time.

During his senior career, which spanned nearly 20 years, Enyeama played for Ibom Stars, Enyimba, Iwuanyanwu Nationale, Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Lille and Maccabi Tel Aviv. He was also a member of the Nigeria national team from 2002 until October 2015, serving as its captain from 2013 until his retirement from international football in 2015. With 101 caps, he was Nigeria's most capped player until November 2021 when he was surpassed by Ahmed Musa.

Order of the Niger
The Order of the Niger (OON) is the second highest national award in Nigeria. It was instituted in 1963 and is junior to the Order of the Federal Republic (OFR), the highest order of merit in the country.
The Anderson School PS 334
The Anderson School PS 334 is a New York City school for children in grades kindergarten through 8 from the city's five boroughs.  It was founded thirty-seven years ago (September 1987) as The Anderson Program under the stewardship of PS 9. The New York City Department of Education (DOE) spun off Anderson in July 2005 as a stand-alone school — PS 334.

New York City Department of Education
The New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) is the department of the government of New York City that manages the city's public school system. The City School District of the City of New York (more commonly known as New York City Public Schools) is the largest public school district in the United States (and among the largest in the world), with approximately 1.1 million students taught in more than 1,800 separate schools. The department covers all five boroughs of New York City, and has an annual budget of around $38 billion.

The department is run by the Panel for Educational Policy and the New York City Schools chancellor. The current chancellor is Kamar Samuels.
Eidak
Eidak (also known as Idak, Pashto: ادک or عیدک) is a village in the North Waziristan District of Bannu Division, Pakistan, 50 kilometres (30 miles) to the east of Bannu, lying close to the border with Afghanistan. Its inhabitants are mainly Pashtun-speaking Dawaris.

North Waziristan District
North Waziristan District (Pashto: شمالي وزیرستان ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع شمالی وزیرستان) is a district of Bannu Division in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is the northern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan and covering 4,707 square kilometres (1,817 sq mi). The capital city of North Waziristan is Miranshah.
Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus
Caecina Decius Aginatius (or Acinatius) Albinus (floruit 414) was an aristocrat of the Roman Empire. He was praefectus urbi in 414, succeeding his friend Rutilius Namatianus, and possibly again in 426.

Rutilius Claudius Namatianus
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus (fl. 5th century) was a Roman Imperial poet, best known for his Latin poem, De reditu suo, in elegiac metre, describing a coastal voyage from Rome to Gaul in 417. The poem was in two books; the exordium of the first and the greater part of the second have been lost. What remains consists of about seven hundred lines.

Whether Rutilius had converted to Christianity (the state church of the Roman Empire during his time) has been a matter of scholarly debate, but in the early 21st century, editors of his work concluded that he had not. Alan Cameron, a leading scholar of Late Antiquity, agrees that he "probably" remained unconverted from Rome's traditional religious practices, but that his hostility was not to Christianity as it was practiced by the vast majority of citizens of the Empire, but rather against the total renunciation of public life advocated by the ascetics.
Smilla Tarning Sønderby
Smilla Tarning Sønderby (born 22 July 2000) is a Danish professional golfer. She plays on the Ladies European Tour and won the 2023 KPMG Women's Irish Open. In 2021, she won the NCAA Championship with Ole Miss.

Ole Miss Rebels
The Ole Miss Rebels are the 18 men's and women's intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of Mississippi, located in Oxford, Mississippi. The first to be established was the football team, which began play in 1893.

Originally known as the "Mississippi Flood", the teams were renamed the Rebels in 1936. They compete in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I, except for the rifle team, which participates in the Patriot Rifle Conference because the SEC does not sponsor that sport.

The school's colors are red (PMS 186) and navy blue (PMS 2767), chosen to mirror the respective school colors of Harvard and Yale. The team's mascot is Tony the Landshark, which replaced the Rebel Black Bear in 2018, which replaced Colonel Reb in 2011.

Between 1995 and 2004, 630 Ole Miss student-athletes received all-conference academic honors.
Greeks in Syria
The Greeks in Syria arrived in the 7th century BC and became more prominent during the Hellenistic period and when the Seleucid Empire was centered there. Today, there is a Greek community of about 4,500 in Syria, most of whom have Syrian nationality and who live mainly in Aleppo (the country's main trading and financial centre), Baniyas, Tartous, and Damascus, the capital. There are also about 8,000 Greek-speaking Muslims of Cretan origin in Al-Hamidiyah.

Al-Hamidiyah
El-Hamidiyeh (Arabic: الحميدية, romanized: el-Hamidiyye, Greek: Χαμιδιέ) is a town on the Syrian coast. The town was founded in a very short time on the direct orders of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamit II around 1897, to serve as a refuge for the Greek-speaking Muslim Cretan community, forced to leave Crete during the 1897–98 Greco-Turkish War and resettled by the Sultan in Hamidiyeh and other coastal areas of the Levant and as far as Libya. The majority still speak Cretan Greek in their daily lives. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, el-Hamidiyeh had a population of 7,404 in the 2004 census.
FIBA EuroBasket 2001 qualification
Qualification for the 2001 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2001, took place between 18 May 1998 and 27 January 2001. A total of eight teams qualified for the tournament. The top eight teams from EuroBasket 1999 earned direct qualification.

EuroBasket 2001
The 2001 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 2001, was the 32nd FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2002 FIBA World Championship, giving a berth to the top four (or five, depending on Serbia reaching one of the top four places) teams in the final standings. It was held in Turkey between 31 August and 9 September 2001. Sixteen national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA Europe, the sport's regional governing body. The cities of Ankara, Antalya and Istanbul hosted the tournament. Serbia won its third FIBA European title (eighth and the last FIBA European title under the name of Yugoslavia) by defeating hosts Turkey with a 78–69 score in the final. Vlado Šćepanović scored 19 points for Serbia, while İbrahim Kutluay scored 19 for Turkey. Serbia's Peja Stojaković was voted the tournament's MVP.
Donald E. Tewes
Donald Edgar Tewes (August 4, 1916 – August 29, 2012) was an American businessman and Republican politician from Waukesha, Wisconsin.  He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district for the 85th Congress (1957–1959).

Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waukesha (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ WAW-ki-shaw) is a city in and the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 71,158 at the 2020 census. Located along the Fox River adjacent to the Village of Waukesha, it is the eighth-most populous city in Wisconsin. Waukesha is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
Shridath Ramphal
Sir Shridath Surendranath Ramphal GCMG AC ONZ OE OCC NIIV OM KC FRSA (3 October 1928 – 30 August 2024), often known as Sir Sonny Ramphal, was a Guyanese politician who was the second Commonwealth Secretary-General, holding the position from 1975 to 1990. He was also the foreign minister of Guyana from 1972 to 1975, and assistant attorney general of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.

Ramphal was an Earth Charter International Commission member.

Order of New Zealand
The Order of New Zealand is the highest honour in the New Zealand royal honours system, created "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in a civil or military capacity". It was instituted by royal warrant on 6 February 1987. The order is modelled on the Order of Merit and the Order of the Companions of Honour.
Val Werier
Valentine Werier, CM OM (June 29, 1917 – April 22, 2014) was a Canadian journalist for the Winnipeg Free Press and prior to its closing in August 1980, The Winnipeg Tribune. Werier was honoured with the Order of Manitoba in 2004 and the Order of Canada. He was born in Winnipeg in 1917.

Werier died at the age of 96 on April 22, 2014.

Order of Manitoba
The Order of Manitoba is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Instituted in 1999 when Lieutenant Governor Peter Liba granted royal assent to the Order of Manitoba Act, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Manitoba residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the Manitoba Crown.
CS Tunari
Club Sportiv Tunari, commonly known as CS Tunari, or simply as Tunari, is a Romanian professional football club based in Tunari, Ilfov County, currently competing in Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football.

Founded in 1980 as Arsenal Tunari, the club was renamed CS Tunari in 2004 and gradually consolidated its place in Romania's third tier, achieving its first promotion to the second tier at the end of the 2022–23 season. After being relegated the following season, it secured promotion back to the second tier following the 2024–25 Liga III campaign.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
English Votive Style
The English Votive Style, or simply the Votive Style, was a movement in English early Renaissance choral polyphony that began in the 1470s, in the final stages of the Wars of the Roses, and ended in the 1540s, with the death of Henry VIII and the beginning of the Edwardian Reformation. A brief revival occurred in the 1550s with the reign of Mary I, which came to an end by the 1559 injunctions.

The style is characterised by high treble lines, long solo verses and a frequent use of melisma throughout. Votive antiphons in the style were generally performed at the end of the day, after compline, while longer Lady Masses occurred on feast days. While most of the surviving body in the style is Marian, masses and motets for other non-Marian feast days were also composed.

English Madrigal School
The English Madrigal School was the intense flowering of the musical madrigal in England, mostly from 1588 to 1627, along with the composers who produced them. The English madrigals were a cappella, predominantly light in style, and generally began as either copies or direct translations of Italian models. Most were for three to six voices.
51st Defense Battalion
The 51st Defense Battalion was an antiaircraft and coastal defense unit in the United States Marine Corps that served during World War II. The battalion was originally formed in August 1942 and was the first African American unit in the Marine Corps. Its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion served in the Ellice and Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Theater. The 51st returned to Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina after the war and was decommissioned on January 31, 1946. To date, no other Marine Corps battalion has carried the lineage and honors of the 51st Defense Battalion.

Marine defense battalions
Marine Defense Battalions were United States Marine Corps battalions charged with coastal and air defense of advanced naval bases during World War II. They maintained large anti-ship guns, anti-aircraft guns, searchlights, and small arms to repel landing forces.
Yao Tettey
Yao Tettey FRCP, FWACP, FGCP is a Ghanaian academic and physician. He is a professor of Pathology at the University of Ghana, and the provost of the university's College of Health Sciences. He also works as a Consultant Pathologist at the Korle-bu Teaching Hospital. He is a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, the Ghana College of Physicians, and the West African College of Physicians, of which he served as president from 2013 to 2014.

Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons
The Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons is a national postgraduate medical college established to train specialist doctors in medicine, surgery and other related disciplines by an Act of parliament in 2003.
Fox n-coloring
In the mathematical field of knot theory, Fox n-coloring is a method of specifying a representation of a knot group or a group of a link (not to be confused with a link group) onto the dihedral group of order n where n is an odd integer by coloring arcs in a link diagram (the representation itself is also often called a Fox n-coloring). Ralph Fox discovered this method (and the special case of tricolorability) "in an effort to make the subject accessible to everyone" when he was explaining knot theory to undergraduate students at Haverford College in 1956. Fox n-coloring is an example of a conjugation quandle.

Knot group
In mathematics, a knot is an embedding of a circle into 3-dimensional Euclidean space. The knot group of a knot K is defined as the fundamental group of the knot complement of K in R3,

Other conventions consider knots to be embedded in the 3-sphere, in which case the knot group is the fundamental group of its complement in .
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, is a type of heart arrhythmia with an abnormally fast rhythm (tachycardia); it is classified as a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). AVRT is most commonly associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, but is also seen in permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT). In AVRT, an accessory pathway allows electrical signals from the heart's ventricles to enter the atria and cause earlier than normal contraction, which leads to repeated stimulation of the atrioventricular node.

Atrioventricular node
The atrioventricular node (AV node, or Aschoff-Tawara node) is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. It electrically connects the atria to the ventricles to coordinate beating. The AV node lies at the lower back section of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus and conducts the normal electrical impulse generated by the sinoatrial node to the ventricles. It slightly delays the electrical impulse by about 0.09s. The AV node also fires intrinsically (without external stimulation) at a rate of 40–60 times/minute, slower than the sinoatrial node. It is quite compact (~1 x 3 x 5 mm).
Arnis at the 2013 Palarong Pambansa
Arnis (the Philippine martial art) competitions within the 2013 Palarong Pambansa were held in Holy Cross High School Gym from April 21–26, 2013. A total of 27 events were contested. Below are the winners.

Arnis
Arnis, also known as kali or eskrima/escrima, is the national martial art of the Philippines. These three terms are, sometimes, interchangeable in referring to traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, and various improvised weapons, as well as "open hand" techniques without weapons.

There were campaigns for arnis along with other Philippine martial arts to be nominated in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists; and as of 2018, UNESCO has inscribed nine martial-arts-related intangible heritages.
History of the wheel in Africa
The wheel in Africa was used, to various extents, throughout the history of Africa, beginning in the Bronze Age in northern Africa and following its introduction by European traders in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. While it may have been common for Africans to manually carry their goods or use pack animals to transport economic goods in Africa, there was awareness, knowledge, and use of wheeled transports (e.g., carts, carriages, chariots, wagons) in Africa. However, the environment in some parts of tropical Africa, as well as alternative forms of travel and transport, such as via canoe and beasts of burden/riding animals (e.g., donkeys, horses, camels), may have resulted in decreased use of animal-drawn wheeled transport in Africa. The wheel was also given other technical applications in Africa, such as a water wheel and a potter's wheel.

Dugout canoe
A dugout canoe or simply dugout is a boat made from a hollowed-out tree. Other names for this type of boat are logboat and monoxylon. Monoxylon (μονόξυλον) (pl: monoxyla) is Greek – mono- (single) + ξύλον xylon (tree) – and is mostly used in classic Greek texts. In German, they are called Einbaum ("one tree" in English). Some pirogues are also constructed in this manner.

Dugouts are the oldest boat type archaeologists have found, dating back about 8,000 years to the Neolithic Stone Age. This is probably because they are made of massive pieces of wood, which tend to preserve better than others, such as bark canoes.