hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1996 Cairo shooting
At 7am on 18 April 1996, four Islamists carried out a mass shooting against a group of 88 Greek tourists outside the Europa Hotel in Cairo, Egypt. Eighteen people were killed: 17 Greek tourists and one Egyptian. The victims were outside the hotel, about to board a bus to Alexandria. Al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya claimed responsibility for the attack, saying that they thought the tourists were Israelis.

Tourism in Egypt
Tourism in Egypt is one of the leading sources of income, a vital component of the national economy. Egypt is regarded as the first tourist destination in the Middle East. As of 2025, the sector employed about 12% of workforce of Egypt, serving approximately 19.0 million visitors to Egypt, and providing revenues of nearly $18.8 billion, as well as contributing more than 4.7% of GDP.

Egypt has several sites inscribed in the UNESCO's World Heritage List and features cities or sites of high cultural interest (Giza being the foremost, but also Cairo, Hurghada, Sharm El Sheikh, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan, North Coast and others), beaches and seaside resorts, as well as rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquility (green tourism). Small and picturesque Egyptian towns and resort cities of quality leisure facilities (such as Taba, El Gouna, Sahl Hashish, Dahab, and Nuweiba) are promoted as major destinations in Egypt.
Lobos Marinos ITLP football
The Lobos Marinos ITLP football team was the American football team that represented the Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz (ITLP or Tec La Paz) located in La Paz, Baja California Sur. The team competed in the Liga Premier CONADEIP, a college football league which broke away from ONEFA, as members of the second-tier Grupo Libertad.

The Lobos Marinos ITLP were officially admitted into CONADEIP at the IV General Assembly in late January 2013 and placed in the Grupo Libertad, becoming the first college football team from the state of Baja California Sur. The team played three seasons in CONADEIP from 2013 to 2015 and compiled an all-time record of eight wins and 15 losses (8–15) before the program was discontinued in January 2016.

The team colors were blue and vermillion.

La Paz, Baja California Sur
La Paz (pronounced [la ˈpas] ⓘ, English: "peace") is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur, with a 2020 census population of 250,141 inhabitants, making it the most populous city in the state. La Paz City is located in La Paz Municipality, the fourth-largest municipality in Mexico by both population (292,241) and area of 20,275 km2 (7,828 sq mi).
Gianni Petrucci
Giovanni "Gianni" Petrucci (born 19 July 1945) is an Italian sports director. Born in Rome, Petrucci was the president of the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) for the fourth consecutive term that ended after the Games of the XXX Olympiad of 2012.

His career took place primarily between the Italian Football Federation (where he was special commissioner of the Italian Referees Association) and the Italian Basketball Federation (of which he was elected president in two consecutive occasions), before becoming on 29 January 1999, President of CONI, succeeding Bruno Grandi in the position in 1999. On 6 May 2009, has been reelected for his fourth consecutive term: he got 55 votes against 24 of the challenger, Franco Chimenti, president of FederGolf.

He was Special Commissioner of the FIGC in 2000–2001. On 7 May 2012, he was elected major of San Felice Circeo.

Italian Football Federation
The Italian Football Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, pronounced [federatˈtsjoːne itaˈljaːna ˈdʒwɔːko ˈkaltʃo]; FIGC [ˌfiddʒitˈtʃi]), known colloquially as Federcalcio (pronounced [federˈkaltʃo]), is the governing body of football in Italy. It is based in Rome and the technical department is in Coverciano, Florence.

It manages and coordinates the Italian football league system. It is also responsible for appointing the management of the Italy national football team (men's), women's, and youth national football teams. The Italy national futsal team also belongs to the federation.
John Locke (Lost)
John Locke is a fictional character played by Terry O'Quinn on the ABC television series Lost.  He is named after the English philosopher of the same name. In 2007, O'Quinn won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of Locke.

Locke is introduced in the first season as a mysterious, intellectual and stoic character with an affinity for living out in the wild and a penchant for hunting and tracking. He believes in mystical and spiritual explanations for why things happen on the island due to an objective "miracle" happening to him after the crash of Oceanic 815. His eccentric and at times selfish behaviour results in him being repeatedly distrusted by the other survivors. His stoicism and mystical outlook dominate his character and are the basis for many of his relationships and interactions on the show.

Desmond Hume
Desmond David Hume is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost portrayed by Henry Ian Cusick. Desmond's name is a tribute to empiricist philosopher David Hume. He was not a passenger on Flight 815, but had been stranded on the island three years prior to the crash as the result of a shipwreck. Desmond eventually leaves the Island with the Oceanic Six and is reunited with his love Penny Widmore (Sonya Walger).

Desmond was one of the show's most popular characters. In 2006, Cusick's portrayal was nominated for an Emmy. In 2007, a two-week-long tournament-style competition for Lost's best character, with over 6,000 voters, hosted by The Washington Post voted Desmond the winner.
Antonina Roxa
Antonina Roxa was one of the first Falkland Islanders whose residence in the islands predated the British return in 1833.  Roxa first travelled to the islands in 1830 and was part of Luis Vernet's original colony.  After the British return she became a landowner and businesswoman. She died of cancer in 1869.

Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833)
In December 1832, the United Kingdom sent two naval vessels to re-assert British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), after the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (part of which later became Argentina) ignored British diplomatic protests over the appointment of Luis Vernet as governor of the Falkland Islands and a dispute over fishing rights.
Russian submarine Novosibirsk
K-573 Novosibirsk is a Yasen-class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Russian Navy. It is the second boat of the project Yasen-M. Considerable changes were made to the initial Yasen design. Differences in the project have appeared sufficient to consider it as a new upgraded version Yasen-M (Russian: Ясень-М). The submarine is named after the city of Novosibirsk.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Oliver E. Williamson
Oliver Eaton Williamson (September 27, 1932 – May 21, 2020) was an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Elinor Ostrom.

His contributions to transaction cost economics and the theory of the firm have been influential in the social sciences, law and economics. Williamson described his work as "a blend of soft social science and abstract economic theory".

Law and economics
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director, George Stigler, and Ronald Coase. The field uses economics concepts to explain the effects of laws, assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and predict which legal rules will be promulgated. There are two major branches of law and economics. One is based on the application of the methods and theories of neoclassical economics to the positive and normative analysis of the law. The second branch focuses on an institutional analysis of law and legal institutions, with a broader focus on economic, political, and social outcomes, and overlapping with analyses of the institutions of politics and governance.
Biosphere model
In climate science, a biosphere model, is used to model the biosphere of Earth, and can be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) for modelling the entire climate system. It has been suggested that terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are a more inclusive term than land surface models (LSMs). The representation of roots in TBMs (or LSMs), however, remains relatively crude. Particularly, the dynamic functions of roots and phylogenetic basis of water uptake remain largely absent in TBMs (or LSMs).

Land surface models (climate)
Land surface models (LSMs) use quantitative methods to simulate the exchange of water and energy fluxes at the Earth surface–atmosphere interface. They are key component of climate models. Over the past two decades, they 
have evolved from oversimplified schemes, which described the surface boundary conditions for general circulation models (GCMs), to complex models that can be used alone or as part of GCMs to investigate the biogeochemical, hydrological, and energy cycles at the
Earth's surface.

It has been suggested that "terrestrial biosphere models" (TBMs) is a more inclusive term than land surface models (LSMs). The representation of roots in TBMs (or LSMs), however, remains relatively crude. Particularly, the dynamic functions of roots and phylogenetic basis of water uptake remain largely absent in LSMs.
Next Generation Combat Vehicle
The Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) is a United States Army program intended to procure a variety of armored vehicles to add new capabilities to Army units and replace existing platforms that are nearing the end of their service life. The program covers the following systems:

Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV), the replacement for the M113.

XM30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle (MICV), the replacement for the M2 Bradley IFV, formerly known as the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV)

Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF), fire support vehicle for Infantry Brigade Combat Teams (IBCTs), that resulted in the currently abandoned M10 Booker.

Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV), three unmanned ground vehicles in light, medium, and heavy configurations.

Decisive Lethality Platform (DLP), the replacement for the M1 Abrams main battle tank.

Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle
The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) is an American armored fighting vehicle that is replacing the M113 armored personnel carrier and family of vehicles in U.S. Army service. The AMPV was designed and produced by BAE Systems, and is based on the Bradley Fighting Vehicle.

As of 2013, five variants of the 2,907 AMPV are planned:

M1283 general purpose (522 planned)

M1284 medical evacuation vehicle (790 planned)

M1285 medical treatment vehicle (216 planned)

M1286 mission command (993 planned)

M1287 mortar carrier vehicle (386 planned)

The first AMPV prototype was rolled out in December 2016 Following a competitive bidding process, the first production vehicles were delivered 2020. In 2023 the AMPV entered full-rate initial production.
Shane Salerno
Shane Salerno (born November 27, 1972) is an American screenwriter, producer, and Chief Creative Officer of The Story Factory, which has put 32 books on the New York Times bestseller list, with seven books hitting #1. His writing credits include the films James Cameron's Avatar sequels, Armageddon, Savages, Shaft, and the TV series Hawaii Five-0. He has written, co-written or rewritten six films that debuted at #1 at the box office, two separate films that were the highest grossing film of the year (1998 and 2022), and the third highest grossing film of all time.

Avatar (franchise)
Avatar is an American epic science fiction media franchise created by James Cameron, which began with the 2009 film Avatar. Produced by Lightstorm Entertainment and distributed by 20th Century Studios, it consists of associated merchandise, video games, and theme park attractions.
Corpus Christi College Boat Club (Cambridge)
Corpus Christi College Boat Club (often shortened to Corpus) is the rowing club for members of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Corpus blade colours are maroon with a vertical white stripe and rowers wear kit of the same colour. The boat club crest features the same mythical pelican as that of the College, often pictured in front of a pair of crossed blades. Corpus is one of the smallest colleges in the University of Cambridge, typically fielding 2-3 men's crews and 2-3 women's crews in the Lent and May Bumps races each year. It shares the Old Combined boathouse with the college boat clubs of Sidney Sussex, Girton and Wolfson colleges.

Lent Bumps
The Lent Bumps (also Lent Races, Lents) are a set of rowing races held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge. They began in 1887, after separating from the May Bumps, which are bumping races held in mid-June. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from its inception in 1827. The races are open to all college boat clubs from the University of Cambridge, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and Anglia Ruskin Boat Club. The Lent Bumps take place over five days (Tuesday to Saturday) at the end of February / start of March and are run as bumps races.
Mickaël Landreau
Mickaël Vincent André-Marie Landreau (French pronunciation: [mikaɛl lɑ̃dʁo]; born 14 May 1979) is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

Landreau holds the record for Ligue 1 appearances, with 618 for Nantes, Paris Saint-Germain, Lille and Bastia between 1996 and 2014. He won a league title with Nantes in 2001 and Lille in 2011.

Landreau was a long-term France international but always as back-up. He was part of their squads that won the Confederations Cup in 2001 and 2003, and finished runners-up at the 2006 World Cup, along with other tournament call-ups.

2001 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fifth FIFA Confederations Cup and the third to be organized by FIFA. It was also the first in which the original hosts, Saudi Arabia, did not participate (they were the nation who founded the tournament, previously known as the King Fahd Cup). The tournament was played from 30 May to 10 June 2001, and co-hosted by South Korea and Japan, who were also hosts for the 2002 FIFA World Cup finals. It was won by France, beating hosts Japan 1–0, with a goal from Patrick Vieira.

By winning the tournament along with the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2000, France became the second team to simultaneously be World Cup champions, continental champions, and Confederations Cup winners, after Brazil in 1997.

The eight teams were split into two groups of four, in which each team played each of the others once, with the top two in each group advancing to the semi-finals.
The Witchfinders
"The Witchfinders" is the eighth episode of the eleventh series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was written by Joy Wilkinson and directed by Sallie Aprahamian, and was first broadcast on BBC One on 25 November 2018.

In the episode, the Thirteenth Doctor (Jodie Whittaker) travels to 17th century Lancashire, alongside her companions Graham O'Brien (Bradley Walsh), Ryan Sinclair (Tosin Cole), and Yasmin Khan (Mandip Gill), finding themselves in the middle of a witch hunt held by a local land owner.

The episode was watched by 7.21 million viewers, and received generally positive reviews from critics.

Graham O'Brien
Graham O'Brien is a fictional character created by Chris Chibnall and portrayed by Bradley Walsh in the long-running British sci-fi television series Doctor Who. A retired bus driver from Essex who is in remission from cancer, the character is portrayed as an everyman. In the show's eleventh series, starting with the first episode, he served as a companion of the thirteenth incarnation of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor (portrayed by Jodie Whittaker) until the 2021 New Year's Special "Revolution of the Daleks".
Los Chancas mine
The Los Chancas mine is a large copper mine located in the Apurímac Region of southern Peru. Los Chancas represents one of the largest copper reserves in Peru and in the world, having an estimated 726 million tonnes of ore grading 0.47% copper, 0.04% molybdenum and 0.9 million oz of gold. Mining operations are expected to begin in 2027.

On May 31, 2022, the mining company accused that artisanal copper miners in the area caused "in part" a fire to break out at the mine.

Copper extraction
Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. The copper smelters with the highest production capacity (metric tons of copper yearly) lie in China, Chile, India, Germany, Japan, Peru and Russia. China alone has over half of the world's production capacity and is also the world's largest consumer of refined copper.

Precious metals and sulfuric acid are often valuable by-products of copper refining. Arsenic is the main type of impurity found in copper concentrates to enter smelting facilities. There has been an increase in arsenic in copper concentrates over the years since shallow, low-arsenic copper deposits have been progressively depleted.
Aron Gaudet
Aron Gaudet is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and author. He is best known for The Way We Get By (2009), Beneath the Harvest Sky (2013), and Queenpins (2021). He writes and directs with his wife and film partner, Gita Pullapilly, under their banner, "Team A + G Productions, Inc."

Gita Pullapilly
Gita Pullapilly is an American Hollywood film and television director, screenwriter, producer, and author. She produces, writes and directs with her husband and film partner, Aron Gaudet under their banner, "Team A + G Productions, Inc."
Richard Parks
Richard David Parks (born 14 August 1977) is a former Wales international rugby union player turned extreme endurance athlete and television presenter.

In rugby he represented Newport RFC, Pontypridd RFC, Celtic Warriors, Leeds Tykes, Perpignan and Newport Gwent Dragons over a professional career which spanned 13 years.  In May 2009 he was forced to retire from rugby due to a shoulder injury.

USA Perpignan
Union Sportive Arlequins Perpignanais, also referred to as USA Perpignan or Perpignan, is a French professional rugby union club founded in 1933 and based in Perpignan, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department. They compete in the Top 14, France's elite division of rugby.

The club is a result of a merger between US Perpignan and Arlequins Perpignanais in 1933. US Perpignan was also born from a 1919 union of merging clubs AS Perpignan (founded in 1902) and Stade Olympien Perpignanais.

Its home ground is the 14,593-capacity Stade Aimé Giral but important fixtures may occasionally be taken to Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys, in Barcelona. The club's colours are sky blue, scarlet and golden yellow, which derived from the Catalan Senyera and give Perpignan its nickname Les Sang et Or (French for "The Blood and Golds").
Palaestina Salutaris
Palaestina Salutaris or Palaestina Tertia (sometimes also Palaestina Tertia Salutaris) was a Late Roman and Byzantine province, which covered the area of the Negev, Sinai (except the north-western coast) and south-west of  Transjordan, south of the Dead Sea. The province, a part of the Diocese of the East, was created from territories formerly belonging to the provinces of Syria Palaestina (the name given after 135 to the former  province of Judaea) and Arabia Petraea (the former Nabataean Kingdom): first, in c. 300 CE, the Negev, Sinai and Southern Transjordan were transferred from Arabia Petraea to Syria Palaestina during the  reforms of Diocletian; and then, around 357-358, Syria Palaestina was split in two, into southern Palestine, later to become known as Palaestina Salutaris, and the remaining northern territory being named Palaestina Prima. The province of Palaestina Salutaris existed until the  Muslim Arab conquests of the 7th century.

Nabataean Kingdom
The Nabataean Kingdom (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈‎, romanized: Nabāṭū), also named Nabatea (/ˌnæbəˈtiːə/) was a political state of the Nabataeans during classical antiquity. The Nabataean Kingdom stretched south along the Tihamah into the Hejaz, up as far north as Damascus, which it controlled for a short period (85–71 BC). Nabatea controlled many of the trade routes in the region and remained an independent political entity from the mid-3rd century BC until it was annexed in AD 106 by the Roman Empire, which renamed it to Arabia Petraea.
Mount Tarn
Mount Tarn is a small mountain located on the southernmost part of the Strait of Magellan, in  Brunswick Peninsula, about 70 km south of  Punta Arenas, Chile. It is in the southern extreme of continental Chile very close to Cape Froward, surrounded by historic places such as Fort Bulnes and Puerto del Hambre (Port Famine).

From the summit it is possible to see the Strait of Magellan,  Dawson and Tierra del Fuego islands, and many other smaller ones; the Darwin Mountain Range, Mount Sarmiento, and most of the Brunswick Peninsula.

Cape Froward
Cape Froward (Spanish: Cabo Froward) is the southernmost point of mainland South America. It is located in the Magallanes Region of Chile, along the north shore of Magellan Strait, being the southern tip of the Brunswick Peninsula. In January 1587, the English corsair Thomas Cavendish named the place after the region's rough climate (strong rains and winds).

A large metallic cross (Cruz de los Mares, Cross of the Seas) was built on the cape's hill in honor of Pope John Paul II's visit to Chile in 1987. It is the latest cross located on the site, the first of which was built in 1913 and replaced several times since then due to the harsh weather.

Cape Froward National Park is planned for creation in the area.

Harsh weather at  Cape Froward
France women's national under-19 football team
The France women's national under-19 football team represents France at UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship and FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Their first achievement was winning the 2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship. They have then won four more UEFA Women's U-19 European Championships in 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019. France hosted the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in 2018.

2003 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship
The UEFA Women's U-19 Championship 2003 Final Tournament was held in Germany between 25 July – 3 August 2003. Players born after 1 January 1984 were eligible to participate in this competition.

The tournament is notable for featuring a penalty kick shootout in the final group game in Group A between Italy and Sweden to determine the second semifinal qualifier.  This is the first time that a penalty-kick shootout has been used in the group stage of a tournament since the rule was introduced.