hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sunetra Gupta
Sunetra Gupta (born 15 March 1965) is an Indian-born British infectious disease epidemiologist and a professor of theoretical epidemiology at the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. She has performed research on the transmission dynamics of various infectious diseases, including malaria, influenza and COVID-19, and has received the Scientific Medal of the Zoological Society of London and the Rosalind Franklin Award of the Royal Society. She is a member of the scientific advisory board of Collateral Global, an organisation which examines the global impact of COVID-19 restrictions.

Gupta is also a novelist and a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award.

Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
The Department of Zoology was a former academic department at the Mathematical, Physical and Life Sciences Division at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1860. It was merged with the Department of Plant Sciences to form the Department of Biology on 1 August 2022.

Many distinguished scientists worked in the department at various stages in their careers, including three Nobel Laureates (Peter Medawar, Niko Tinbergen, and Sir John Gurdon), three winners of the Crafoord Prize (Bill Hamilton, Ilkka Hanski, Bob May), the Kyoto Prize (Bill Hamilton) and Blue Planet Prize (Bob May), as well as four winners of the Copley Medal (the Royal Society's premier research award).
Satyendranath Basu
Satyendra Nath Bosu  (aka. Satyendranath Bose or Satyen Bose; 30 July 1882 – 21 November 1908) was an Indian nationalist of the Anushilan Samiti. Bosu, while held in Alipore Jail hospital as an under-trial in the Alipore Bomb Case, shot dead the Crown witness Narendranath Goswami with the help of fellow prisoner Kanailal Dutta, leading to the collapse of the case against prime suspect Aurobindo.  Bosu gave himself up on the jail premises and was subsequently put on trial. Along with Dutta, he was found guilty and executed by hanging on 21 November 1908 for the murder of Goswami.

Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
The Revolutionary movement for Indian Independence was part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of violent underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi.

The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Bombay, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered across India.
Varun Singh Bhati
Varun Singh Bhati (born 13 February 1995) is an Indian para high jumper. He was afflicted by poliomyelitis at a young age, and joined sports during his school days. He has won medals in multiple international events including bronze at 2016 Rio Paralympics, 2017 and 2025 World Championships.

2017 World Para Athletics Championships
The 2017 World Para Athletics Championships were a Paralympic track and field meet organized by World Para Athletics, a subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee. It was held at London Stadium in London from 14 to 23 July 2017. It was the 8th edition of the event, the first to be held after being renamed from IPC Athletics World Championship, and featured 213 medal events.

They preceded the 2017 IAAF World Championships also held in London, marking the first time that a single city hosted both the IAAF and IPC athletics championships in the same year; London previously hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.
Netherby, South Australia
Netherby is an inner-southern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia which lies within the City of Mitcham. It is bordered by the suburbs of Springfield, Kingswood, Mitcham and Malvern.

Netherby is located within walking distance of Mitcham Square Shopping Centre and sports facilities.

City of Mitcham
The City of Mitcham is a local government area in the foothills of southern Adelaide, South Australia. Within its bounds is Flinders University, South Australia's second largest, and the notable, affluent suburb of Springfield which contains some of the city's most expensive properties.
Petalostigma
Petalostigma is a genus of plants under the family Picrodendraceae and the monogeneric subtribe Petalostigmatinae, first defined by von Mueller in 1857. It is native to New Guinea and Australia. They are evergreen, dioecious shrubs or trees.

In local medicine, pregnancy is said to be avoided by eating the fruit of the quinine bush (Petalostigma pubescens), which does not actually contains quinine. Another example is Petalostigma triloculare which features exploding fruit.

Petalostigma pubescens
Petalostigma pubescens, known as the quinine bush is a rainforest tree native to Papua New Guinea, Queensland, Northern Territory, New South Wales, Western Australia. It was first described by the botanist Karel Domin in 1927.
Maison Drouin
Maison Drouin (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ dʁuɛ̃]; also known as Maison Cyril-Drouin) is a farmhouse located in a rural setting in Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans, Quebec, Canada. It was built between 1729 and 1730, then extended between 1734 and 1736. One of the oldest houses on Île d'Orléans, it has retained many of its original features over time, having undergone only minor changes since its extension. It bears witness to the pre–Industrial Revolution Quebec lifestyle.

It was built by the Canac dit Marquis family, who kept it until 1872 when it passed into the hands of the Drouin family. In 1996, it was purchased by the Fondation François-Lamy, an organization dedicated to preserving the heritage of Île d'Orléans. It has since been converted into a historical interpretation center for Île d'Orléans and opened to the public. It was classified as a heritage building by the Minister of Culture and Communications in 2010, and is part of the Île-d'Orléans heritage site.

Ministry of Culture and Communications (Quebec)
The Ministry of Culture and Communications (French: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications, pronounced [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ e de kɔmynikasjɔ̃]) is responsible for promoting and protecting the culture in the Canadian province of Quebec. The current minister, since 2022, is Mathieu Lacombe.

The ministry was formed in 2012 after the immigration portfolio was transferred from the former Minister of Immigration and Cultural Communities, created in 2005, to the new Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion. Since 1 April 2017, the Ministry of Culture and Communications also administers Quebec's provincial film classification rating system, acquired from the former Régie du cinéma.
José Martínez Berasáin
Victoriano José Martínez Berasáin (1886–1960) was a Spanish Carlist politician, noted particularly in his native Navarre. He is best known for his role during anti-Republican conspiracy of early 1936 and during the first months of the Civil War, when he headed the regional wartime Carlist executive. In 1937–1938 he was the provincial leader of Falange Española Tradicionalista; in 1939 he served as vice-president of Diputación Foral de Navarra. During two successive terms of 1955–1960 he was holding a seat in the Cortes. He is also acknowledged as an amateur photographer.

Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma
Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known in France before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme, known in Spain as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977), was head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma. He is best known as dynastic leader of Carlism and the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain, since 1936 as a regent-claimant and since 1952 as a claimant, appearing under the name Javier I. Since 1974, he was pretender to the defunct throne of Parma. He is also recognized as involved in the so-called Sixtus Affair of 1916–1917 and in the so-called Halifax-Chevalier talks of 1940.
History of gasoline
The history of gasoline started around the invention of internal combustion engines suitable for use in transportation applications. The so-called Otto engines were developed in Germany during the last quarter of the 19th century. The fuel for these early engines was a relatively volatile hydrocarbon obtained from coal gas. With a boiling point near 85 °C (185 °F) (n-octane boils at 125.62 °C (258.12 °F)), it was well-suited for early carburetors (evaporators). The development of a "spray nozzle" carburetor enabled the use of less volatile fuels. Further improvements in engine efficiency were attempted at higher compression ratios, but early attempts were blocked by the premature explosion of fuel, known as knocking.

In 1891, the Shukhov cracking process became the world's first commercial method to break down heavier hydrocarbons in crude oil to increase the percentage of lighter products compared to simple distillation.

Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. The simpler way is the static compression ratio:
in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.
Orlando D. Schärer
Orlando David Schärer is a Swiss chemist and biologist researching DNA repair, genomic integrity, and cancer biology. Schärer has taught biology, chemistry and pharmacology at various university levels on three continents. He is a distinguished professor at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) and an associate director of the IBS Center for Genomic Integrity located in Ulsan, South Korea. He leads the three interdisciplinary research teams in the Chemical & Cancer Biology Branch of the center and specifically heads the Cancer Therapeutics Mechanisms Section.

Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST; Korean: 울산과학기술원), is one of the four public universities in South Korea which are dedicated to research in science and technology, along with KAIST, GIST, and DGIST. UNIST was founded in 2007 in response to growing demand for higher education in the Korean industrial capital of Ulsan, where automotive (Hyundai Motor), shipbuilding (Hyundai Heavy Industries), petrochemical (SK Energy), and secondary cells industries are clustered. At the time of its foundation, UNIST was known for being the first national university in South Korea to be incorporated and thus administered by an independent board of trustees despite being funded by the central government.
Bnois King
Bnois King (born January 21, 1943) (pronounced "buh-noise") is a Texas Blues and Jazz guitar player, vocalist, and composer.  He most often played guitar and rhythm guitar, and acted as the main vocalist and original song writer for the Smokin' Joe Kubek Band, touring and equally billed with Kubek after 1997.

Texas blues
Texas blues is blues music that developed in Texas through hubs like Dallas, Houston, and Austin. As a regional style, its original form was characterized by jazz and swing influences. Later examples are often closer to blues rock and Southern rock.
Temerloh
Temerloh is a municipality in central Pahang, Malaysia. Located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from Kuala Lumpur along the Kuantan–Kuala Lumpur trunk road, Temerloh is the second largest urban area in Pahang after Kuantan, the state capital city. It is situated at the confluence of the Pahang and Semantan Rivers. Today, Temerloh usually refers to the territory under the administration of Temerloh Municipal Council which includes Mentakab, Lanchang, Kuala Krau and Kerdau.

An old town with some colonial buildings and shophouses, the town has prospered in recent years as a transport hub and new industrial centre. There have been many new commercial and industrial hubs built in Temerloh in recent years. Cutting travel time in half, the East Coast Expressway links the town to Kuala Lumpur and Kuantan and adds to the growth of Temerloh.

Malaysia Federal Route 2
The Federal Route 2 is a major east–west oriented federal highway in Malaysia. The 276.9 kilometres (172 mi) road connects Port Klang in Selangor to Kuantan Port in Pahang. The Federal Route 2 became the backbone of the road system linking the east and west coasts of Peninsula Malaysia before being surpassed by the East Coast Expressway E8.
Archibald Main
Archibald Main, KHC (17 December 1876 – 14 March 1947) was a Scottish ecclesiastical historian, Church of Scotland minister, military chaplain, and academic. From 1915 to 1922, he was Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of St Andrews. From 1922 to 1942, he was Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Glasgow. He served as Chaplain to the King from 1925 and as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1939 to 1940.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
Saskatoon bear spray attacks
Bear spray attacks are an ongoing concern in which a large wave of bear spray attacks have taken place in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan in the early and mid 2020s. These are considered criminal offences, as they fall under laws for assault. In 2025, the Saskatoon City Council introduced new municipal bylaws to help combat the prevalence of these attacks. These attacks have been a subject of public interest and concern since 2020, where a Saskatoon Police Service superintendent suggested that the sale of bear spray should be banned in Saskatoon, citing weekly police responses to bear spray attacks. Bear spray attacks are prominent in other cities and municipalities in Saskatchewan; from 2020 to 2024, police responded to over 3,000 incidents. A growing amount of bear spray attacks from 2022 to 2025 have been perpetrated by young adults.

Saskatoon City Council
Saskatoon City Council is the governing body of Saskatoon, the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It consists of ten councillors representing ten wards throughout the city and the mayor of Saskatoon, who is elected city-wide. The current council was elected to a four-year term on November 13, 2024.
Galeotto I Pico
Galeotto I Pico della Mirandola (3 August 1442 - 9 April 1499) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, Signore of Mirandola and Concordia. He was noted by contemporaries for his tyranny. The son of Gianfrancesco I Pico, Galeotto initially allied himself to the Duchy of Ferrara, first fighting for Duke Borso d'Este and then Ercole I d'Este, with whom he formed a strong bond. In 1486, he switched allegiance to Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. He fought his brother Antonio for the Signoria of Mirandola. He was ultimately successful in the last battle, taking his brother's place in 1491, which was reaffirmed two years later. He died in 1499 and was succeeded by his son Giovanni Francesco.

Borso d'Este
Borso d'Este (1413 – 20 August 1471) was the first Duke of Ferrara and Modena, ruling from 1450 until his death. A member of the House of Este, he secured his titles from both Emperor Frederick III in 1452 and Pope Paul II in 1471, strengthening the political status of the Este state.

Borso was an illegitimate son of Niccolò III d'Este, Marquess of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio, by his mistress Stella de' Tolomei. He is best known for his patronage of the arts and the lavish cultural life at his court in Ferrara. His most famous commission was the Bible of Borso d'Este, an illuminated manuscript regarded as a masterpiece of Renaissance book art. He supported the early Ferrarese School of painting and helped establish Ferrara as an important center of Renaissance culture in northern Italy.
Pequeño Olímpico
Andrés Muñoz Andrade (born July 15, 1971) is a Mexican luchador (professional wrestler) who is best known for wrestling under the name of Pequeño Olímpico. He previously wrestled as a luchador enmascarado, or masked wrestler, before his defeat to Angelito in a Luchas de apuestas, mask vs. mask match at Homenaje a Dos Leyendas 2024. Pequeño Olímpico is a part of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's (CMLL) Mini-Estrella division and holds the record for the longest CMLL World Mini-Estrella Championship reign, with 1,442 days. He has held the title twice. Pequeño Olímpico is Spanish for "Little Olympian", alluding to the fact that he wrestles as a mini version of Olímpico. He previously worked as Cicloncito Ramírez, a mini version of Ciclón Ramirez.

Ciclón Ramirez
Celso Reyes Daza (July 28, 1961 – March 4, 2025) was a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under his ring name Ciclón Ramírez (Spanish for "Cyclone Ramirez"). Reyes worked as Pegaso I for six years before switching to the Ciclón Ramirez name in 1988. As Ramirez he originally worked as an enmascarado, or masked wrestler but was unmasked after losing a Luchas de Apuestas, or bet fight, to El Felino. The character "Ciclón Ramirez" is billed as a relative of the character Huracán Ramírez, which is a storyline invented for wrestling. Reyes' son currently works as Ciclón Ramírez Jr.
Grace of Monaco (film)
Grace of Monaco is a 2014 biographical drama film directed by Olivier Dahan and written by Arash Amel. The film stars Nicole Kidman in the title role as Grace of Monaco. It also features a supporting cast of Frank Langella, Parker Posey, Derek Jacobi, Paz Vega, Roger Ashton-Griffiths, Milo Ventimiglia, and Tim Roth.

Grace of Monaco is focused on former Hollywood star Grace Kelly's crisis of marriage and identity, during a dispute between Monaco's Prince Rainier III and France's Charles de Gaulle in 1962, as well as her considering a return to Hollywood to film Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie.

Scheduled for release at the end of November 2013, the film was then rescheduled for March 14, 2014, until being pulled from the release schedule indefinitely. It opened the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, playing out of competition. It was released to cinemas in some countries in 2014, but bypassed a theatrical release in the US and ultimately debuted on the Lifetime cable network on May 25, 2015.

France–Monaco relations
Franco-Monegasque relations are the special relationship between the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco.

A friendship treaty signed in 2002 reads:

The French Republic assures the Principality of Monaco of the defence of its independence and sovereignty and guarantees the integrity of Monegasque territory under the same conditions as its own. The Principality of Monaco commits that the actions it undertakes in the exercise of its sovereignty are in accordance with the fundamental interests of the French Republic in the political, economic, security and defence fields.

The special relationship can be illustrated by the fact that the Minister of State, the head of government of Monaco, is usually a French citizen, whose appointment by the Prince of Monaco is proposed by the Government of France.
VMFA-142
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 142 (VMFA-142) was an aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps Reserve that was active from 1942 to 2008. At the time of its inactivation, the squadron was based at Naval Air Station Atlanta, Georgia and fell under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 42 (MAG-42), 4th Marine Aircraft Wing (4th MAW). Due to a re-organization within Marine aviation, the squadron moved to Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base, Texas and was placed in a cadre status under Marine Aircraft Group 41.

United States Marine Corps Aviation
The United States Marine Corps Aviation (USMCA) is the aircraft arm of the United States Marine Corps. Aviation units within the Marine Corps are assigned to support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force, as the aviation combat element, by providing six functions: assault support, antiair warfare, close air support, electronic warfare, control of aircraft and missiles, and aerial reconnaissance. The Corps operates rotary-wing, tiltrotor, and fixed-wing aircraft mainly to provide transport and close air support to its ground forces. Other aircraft types are also used in a variety of support and special-purpose roles. All Marine Corps aviation falls under the influence of the Deputy Commandant for Aviation, whose job is to advise the commandant of the Marine Corps in all matters relating to aviation, especially acquisition of new assets, conversions of current aircraft, maintenance, operation, and command.
Pius Heinz
Pius Heinz (born 4 May 1989) is a German professional poker player from Bonn, best known as the winner of the Main Event at the 2011 World Series of Poker. He is the first German player to capture the Main Event bracelet.

He defeated Czech player Martin Staszko to win the event. On the final hand, Heinz's A♠ K♣ defeated Staszko's 10♣ 7♣, which did not improve on a board of 5♣ 2♦ 9♠ J♥ 4♦.

Heinz was a member of Team PokerStars.

PokerStars
PokerStars is an online poker cardroom. It is the largest real money online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market, and can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker. As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s. The press has called this the "Moneymaker effect."

PokerStars was part of The Stars Group until it was sold to Flutter Entertainment, owner of the Irish gambling company Paddy Power, on May 5, 2020.
Vusi Shongwe
Vusumuzi Robert Shongwe (born 22 April 1958) is a South African politician who served in the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature. He formerly served in the Executive Council in Mpumalanga province. Between September and November 2015, Shongwe served as acting Premier of Mpumalanga while Premier David Mabuza was on sick leave. He is a member of the African National Congress and was formerly treasurer of the party's provincial executive committee in Mpumalanga, previously the chairperson of the ANC in the  Gert Sibande region.

Gert Sibande District Municipality
Gert Sibande (until 2004 known as the Eastvaal District Municipality) is one of the 3 districts of Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The seat of Gert Sibande is Ermelo. The majority of its 900,007 people speak IsiZulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC30. On 15 October 2004, the municipality changed its name from the "Eastvaal" (Afrikaans: Oosvaal) to "Gert Sibande" District Municipality. The district is named after the ANC activist Gert Sibande.