hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cecogram
A cecogram (/ˈsiː.koʊ.ɡræm/ SEE-koh-gram), also known as literature for the blind, is a letter or a parcel that contains documents or items intended for visually impaired persons. Cecograms can be sent or received by such persons, as well as by organisations that provide assistance to the visually impaired. Cecograms are either partially or entirely exempt from postage.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
Gombe State University
Gombe State University (GSU) is located in Tudun Wada, an area in Shamaki Ward, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. It is located in the Northern part of Nigeria. It is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities. The state university has a chancellor and 11-members of the governing council, as well as principal officers and management staff. Abdullahi Mahadi was the first vice chancellor of the university.

Association of Commonwealth Universities
The Association of Commonwealth Universities (ACU) is a charitable organisation that was established in 1913 which has over 400 member institutions in over 40 countries across the Commonwealth of Nations. The ACU is the world's oldest international network of universities. Its mission is to promote and support excellence in higher education for the benefit of individuals and societies throughout the Commonwealth and beyond.

The Association of Commonwealth Universities is governed by its member institutions through an elected council. As the ACU is a UK-registered charity, council members also act as its Trustees. The ACU Council comprises up to 23 members: 20 elected council members, up to two co-opted council members and, if the Honorary Treasurer is co-opted rather than elected, the Honorary Treasurer.
Maitreyi College
Maitreyi College is a women's college in the South Campus of the University of Delhi, located in Bapu Dham, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India. It was established in July 1967 and named after the Vedic sage Maitreyi. An all-women's college, it offers various courses in the fields of Science, Arts and Commerce. The college was recognised by DBT as a star college, conferring the star status to all four of its science departments namely Botany, Zoology, Chemistry and Mathematics.

It is ranked 38th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2025. The college has been accredited grade A++ by NAAC.

Due to the construction of Pink Line, Maitreyi College is quite accessible via Delhi Metro. The nearest metro station is Durgabai Deshmukh South Campus metro station which is around 1 km from the college.

National Institutional Ranking Framework
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a ranking methodology released annually by the Ministry of Education, Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The framework was approved by the former Ministry of Human Resource Development (now the Ministry of Education) and launched by the Minister on 29 September 2015.

Depending on their areas of operation,  institutions have been ranked under 11 different categories – overall, university, colleges, engineering, management, pharmacy, law, medical, architecture, dental and research. The Framework uses several parameters for ranking purposes like resources, research, and stakeholder perception. These parameters have been grouped into five clusters and these clusters were assigned certain weights. These weights depend on the type of institution. About 3500 institutions voluntarily participated in the first round of rankings.
Alan Blackshaw
Alan Blackshaw OBE (7 April 1933 – 4 August 2011) was an English mountaineer, skier and civil servant who was President of the Alpine Club from 2001 to 2004 and President of the Ski Club of Great Britain from 1997 to 2003.

Alpine Club (UK)
The Alpine Club was founded in London on 22 December 1857 and is the world's first mountaineering club. The primary focus of the club is to support mountaineers who climb in the Alps and the Greater Ranges of the world's mountains.
Viennese whirls
Viennese whirls are a British biscuit consisting of soft shortbread cakes piped into a whirl shape, named for the city of Vienna and said to be inspired by Austrian pastries, which share the name Spritzgebäck and come in various shapes with different fillings and decorations. Examples are Linzer Stangerl or Linzer Kipferl, which are named after the Austrian city of Linz.

The most common UK version was popularised by Mr Kipling, consisting of two shortbread biscuits sandwiched with buttercream and jam. In this sense they resemble the older Empire biscuit.

Other varieties can have a single layer with chocolate piping.

There can be many different ways to make the shape of them (like into straight lines or finger shaped) and many different ways to pipe them. They can be dipped in chocolate or any other dipping.

Viennese whirls can also have different kinds of fillings piped or spread into them. They can also be made plain.

Empire biscuit
An Empire biscuit (also known as Imperial biscuit, Imperial cookie, German biscuit, Belgian biscuit and iced biscuit) is a sweet biscuit originating in Scotland and popular in the North East of England. It is also popular in Ireland, as well as Canada (particularly iconic in Winnipeg and Hamilton).

Empire biscuits were originally known as German biscuits but were renamed during World War I due to anti-German sentiment. Other regional names include Imperial biscuits or double biscuits.

Empire biscuits are loved for their buttery texture, sweet jam filling (although it does not necessarily have to be jam - it can be any other sweet spread such as a ganache), and the extra sweetness from the icing, making them a popular choice in bakeries and for afternoon tea.
Bridey Condren
Bridey Condren (born 16 December 1999) is an Australian netballer, playing for the Sunshine Coast Lightning in the Suncorp Super Netball league.

Condren's first professional team was the Queensland Firebirds as a training partner, sitting on the bench for one game in 2019. In 2020, she moved to the West Coast Fever as cover for an injured Courtney Bruce, playing one game. In 2022, she joined the Sunshine Coast Lightning and made her debut against the New South Wales Swifts.

Sunshine Coast Lightning
Sunshine Coast Lightning are a professional Australian netball team based at the University of the Sunshine Coast. The team was formed in 2016 as a joint venture between the university and Melbourne Storm. Since 2017 they have played in Super Netball. Lightning have played in three grand finals, winning premierships in 2017 and 2018.
Eddie Jones (jazz musician)
Eddie Jones (March 1, 1929, Greenwood, Mississippi – May 31, 1997, West Hartford, Connecticut) was an American jazz double bassist.

Jones grew up in Red Bank, New Jersey, and played early in the 1950s with Sarah Vaughan and Lester Young. He graduated from Red Bank High School in 1946 and graduated in 1951 from Howard University, where he majored in music.

Jones taught music in South Carolina from 1951 to 1952, and became a member of Count Basie's orchestra in 1953, remaining there until 1962. He recorded frequently with this ensemble, and also played with Basie in smaller ensembles; these featured both Basie sidemen (Joe Newman, Frank Foster, Frank Wess, Thad Jones, Ernie Wilkins) and others (Milt Jackson, Coleman Hawkins, Putte Wickman). Jones quit music in 1962 and took a job with IBM; he later became vice president of an insurance company. In the 1980s he returned to jazz and played on and off in swing jazz ensembles.

Milt Jackson
Milton Jackson (January 1, 1923 – October 9, 1999), nicknamed "Bags", was an American jazz vibraphonist. He is especially remembered for his cool swinging solos as a member of the Modern Jazz Quartet and his penchant for collaborating with hard bop and post-bop players.

A very expressive player, Jackson differentiated himself from other vibraphonists in his attention to variations on harmonics and rhythm. He was particularly fond of the twelve-bar blues at slow tempos. On occasion, Jackson also sang and played piano.
USS Planter (1860)
USS Planter was a steamer taken over by Robert Smalls, a Southern slave and ship's pilot who steered the ship past Confederate defenses and surrendered it to Union Navy forces on 13 May 1862 during the American Civil War. The episode is missing from Scharf's History of the Confederate States Navy, except for one sentence saying that Smalls "stole" the ship.

For a short period, Planter served as a gunboat for the Union Navy. As the ship burned wood, which was scarce where the Navy was operating, the Navy turned the ship over to the Union Army for use at Fort Pulaski on the Georgia coast. In 1863 Smalls was appointed captain of Planter, the first black man to command a United States ship, and served in that position until 1866.

Fort Pulaski National Monument
Fort Pulaski National Monument is located on Cockspur Island between Savannah and Tybee Island, Georgia. It preserves Fort Pulaski, the place where the Union Army successfully tested rifled cannons in 1862, the success of which rendered brick fortifications obsolete. The fort was also used as a prisoner-of-war camp.

The national monument includes most of Cockspur Island (containing the fort) and all of the adjacent McQueens Island.
Jenny Jones (Labour politician)
Jennifer Grace Jones (née Bew; born 8 February 1948) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Jones was selected as a Labour candidate through an all-women shortlist.
She was elected as member of parliament in the 1997 general election for the Wolverhampton South West constituency, defeating the Conservative incumbent Nicholas Budgen with a majority of 5,118.  However, fairly early on in Labour's first term in government, she announced that she would not be seeking re-election at the 2001 election.  She was succeeded by Rob Marris.

Prior to entering Parliament, she worked as a social worker and had served on Wolverhampton Metropolitan Borough Council from 1991 to 1997.  In 2002 she was made an honorary fellow of the University of Wolverhampton.

Rob Marris
Robert Howard Marris (born 8 April 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wolverhampton South West. He first held the seat from 2001 until his defeat in 2010. He regained at the seat at the 2015 general election, but stepped down at the 2017 general election.
Mark McLeod (English footballer)
Mark McLeod (born 15 December 1986) is an English football midfielder who plays for Northern Premier League Division One East club Consett.

He made six appearances for Darlington in the Football League, played in Sweden for Östavalls IF, and his other non-league clubs include Harrogate Town, Durham City, Workington, Newcastle Blue Star, Sunderland RCA, Walton & Hersham, Chipstead, Harrow Borough, Aylesbury, Northwood, Uxbridge, Hebburn Town and Seaham Red Star.

Northwood F.C.
Northwood Football Club is an English football club based in Northwood in the London Borough of Hillingdon. The club is affiliated to the Middlesex County Football Association. They play their home games at Northwood Park. The club are currently members of the Southern League Division One Central.
Lawrence Gwozdz
Lawrence S. Gwozdz (/ˈɡwɑːdz/; Polish: [ɡvuɕt͡ɕ]; born April 1, 1953) is an American classical saxophonist, composer, and former professor of saxophone at The University of Southern Mississippi. His successor is Dr. Dannel Espinoza.

Sigurd Raschèr
Sigurd Manfred Raschèr (15 May 1907 – 25 February 2001) was an American saxophonist born in Germany. He became an important figure in the development of the 20th century repertoire for the classical saxophone.
Hotel, Catering and Personal Services Union
The Hotels, Catering and Personal Services Union (German: Gewerkschaft Hotel, Gastgewerbe, Persönlicher Dienst, HGPD) was a trade union representing workers in the hospitality industry in Austria.

The union was founded in 1978, when the Hotel and Restaurant Workers' Union merged with the Personal Service Workers' Union.  Like its forerunners, the union affiliated to the Austrian Trade Union Federation.

By 1998, the union had 50,320 members.  In 2006, it merged with the Railway Workers' Union and the Commerce and Transport Union, to form Vida.

Austrian Trade Union Federation
The Austrian Trade Union Federation or Austrian Federation of Trade Unions (de: Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund, abbreviated OeGB or ÖGB) is a labour union of employees. It is constituted as an association and is subdivided into seven smaller affiliated trade unions. Each union is traditionally dominated by a certain political faction, with the strongest faction in the ÖGB as a whole traditionally being the social democratic one (Fraktion Sozialdemokratischer GewerkschafterInnen), which is known for its close contacts to Austria's Social Democratic Party (SPÖ); chairmen of the ÖGB have often also been influential SPÖ members.
Marty Dodson
Marty Dodson (born September 17, 1964 in Apple Valley, California) is an American singer-songwriter/producer.  He has had songs recorded by artists such as Carrie Underwood, Kenny Chesney, George Strait, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Plain White T's, Saving Jane, Lonestar, Billy Currington, and Craig Morgan.  His first #1 song, “Must Be Doin' Somethin' Right”, spent two weeks at the top of the country charts and was the first #1 for Billy Currington as well.  Marty produced two songs on “Saving Jane” in 2009 and continues to write and produce new acts. His song “Bounce”, recorded by Cho Yong Pil, won “Song of the Year” at the Mnet Asian Music Awards in 2013 and the same award at the 2013 MAMA Awards in South Korea.

MAMA Awards
The MAMA Awards (Korean: 마마 어워즈, formerly Mnet Asian Music Awards) is a major music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ ENM. First held in South Korea, the majority of prizes have been won by K-pop artists, although there are other Asian artists winning in various award categories, such as for Best Asian Artist and other professional-related awards.

The awards ceremony was first held in Seoul in 1999, being aired on Mnet. MAMA has also been held in various Asian countries and cities outside of South Korea since 2010 and now airs internationally online beyond Asia.
KIOZ
KIOZ (105.3 FM, "Rock 105.3") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to San Diego, California. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts an active rock music format. KIOZ's studios are located in San Diego's Serra Mesa neighborhood on the northeast side, and the transmitter is located in La Jolla.

Active rock
Active rock is a radio format used by many commercial radio stations across the United States and Canada. Active rock stations play a balance of new hard rock songs with valued classic rock favorites, normally with an emphasis on the harder edge of mainstream rock and album-oriented rock.
Hospital of the Holy Innocents
The Hospital of the Holy Innocents, or the Melandry was a Leper Hospital on South Park common in  Lincoln, England.  It was founded in the  late 11th or early 12th century either by Bishop Remigius or Henry I. It was possibly the first Leper Hospital to be founded in England. In 1422 the confraternity of Burton Lazars was granted the Hospital of the Holy Innocents. At the time of Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Hospital, together with  the Burton Lazars hospital were purchased by  William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley

Burton Lazars
Burton Lazars is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Burton and Dalby, in the Melton district, in the county of Leicestershire, England. It is two miles (3 km) south-east of Melton Mowbray, having a population of c.450 in 2015. It is the site of the remains of the English headquarters of the military and hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus.
Salamander (video game)
Salamander, released as Life Force in North America and in the Japanese arcade re-release, is a 1986 scrolling shooter video game developed and published by Konami for arcades. A spin-off of the Gradius series, Salamander introduced a simplified power-up system, two-player cooperative gameplay and both horizontally and vertically scrolling stages. Some of these later became normal for future Gradius games. In Japanese, the title is written using ateji, which are kanji used for spelling foreign words that has been supplanted in everyday use by katakana. Contra, another game by Konami was also given this treatment, with its title written in Japanese as 魂斗羅 (kontora).

Salamander was followed with a sequel in 1996 titled Salamander 2 , with M2 developing another sequel, Salamander III, for Konami's Gradius Origins collection on August 7, 2025.

Contra (video game)
Contra is a 1987 run and gun game developed and published by Konami for arcades. A home version was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1988, along with ports for various home computer formats, including the MSX2. The arcade and computer versions were localized as Gryzor in Europe, and the NES version as Probotector in the PAL region.

The arcade game was a commercial success worldwide, becoming one of the top four highest-grossing dedicated arcade games of 1987 in the United States. The NES version was also a critical and commercial success, with Electronic Gaming Monthly awarding it for being the Best Action Game of 1988. Several Contra sequels were produced following the original game.
Petra Granlund
Petra Granlund (now Petra Sandberg) born 15 October 1987 is a Swedish swimmer from Valla, representing Väsby SS. Granlund participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics for Sweden in the 200 m butterfly and in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. She finished 14th in the 200 m butterfly and 8th in the 4×200 freestyle relay, alongside Josefin Lillhage, Gabriella Fagundez and Ida Marko-Varga.

Väsby SS
Väsby Simsällskap, commonly known as Väsby SS or VSS, is a swimming club from Upplands Väsby north of Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1964 and the home pool is Vilundabadet. Väsby SS is one of the major Swedish swim teams finishing in the top by medals on the latest Swedish Swimming Championships.
Irish Baptist College
The Irish Baptist College (IBC) is a Baptist theological college in Moira, Craigavon, Northern Ireland. It is affiliated with the Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland. It is part of the Baptist Theological Centre which is located in the Baptist Centre and is shared with ABC. IBC is accredited and reached Premier College Status by the Accreditation Service for International Colleges (ASIC). The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education of England and Wales, review the IBC for quality and standards.

Moira, County Down
Moira (from Irish Maigh Rath, meaning 'plain of the streams or wheels') is a town and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is in the northwest of the county, near the border with counties Antrim and Armagh. The M1 motorway and Belfast–Dublin railway line are nearby. The population was 4,879 at the 2021 census.
New Season (song)
"New Season" (ニューシーズン, Nyū Shīzun) is the debut single by Japanese singer Chisato Moritaka. Written by HIRO and Hideo Saitō, the single was released by Warner Pioneer on March 25, 1987. The song was used as the theme song of the 1987 Toho film Aitsu ni Koishite, which also featured Moritaka's acting debut. It was also featured in the Fuji TV drama special Gakuen Jōhōbu H.I.P. (ガクエン情報部H.I.P.; School Information Department H.I.P.), also starring Moritaka.

Hideo Saitō (musician, born 1958)
Hideo Saitō (Japanese: 斉藤 英夫, Hepburn: Saitō Hideo; born May 30, 1958), is a Japanese musician and composer, best known for his collaborations with Chisato Moritaka from 1987 to 1995. He is also the producer of the musical cat group Musashi's.
Superbeat: Xonic
Superbeat: Xonic (Korean: 슈퍼비트: 소닉) is a 2015 rhythm game for the PlayStation Vita; PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch as Superbeat: Xonic EX in 2017 developed by Nurijoy, a company formed by former employees of Pentavision. The game is published by Sony Computer Entertainment Korea in South Korea, in Japan, PM Studios in conjunction with Acttil in North America, and by Rising Star Games in Europe with a release date of Q4 2015 worldwide. It is considered a spiritual successor to the DJMax music game series and its gameplay is based on the 2014 arcade game Beatcraft Cyclon, also made by Nurijoy.

DJMax
DJMax (Korean: 디제이맥스, dijeimaegseu) is an action-rhythm video game series created by Neowiz MUCA. Games feature mostly experimental music and visual art from Korean DJs, artists and composers. Known South Korean experimental group Clazziquai Project has also made songs for the series. There are also a few Japanese composers who have given significant contributions to the series.
Nazarius (rhetorician)
Nazarius, (fl. 4th century CE), was a Roman and a Latin rhetorician and panegyrist. He was, according to Ausonius, a professor of rhetoric at Burdigala (Bordeaux).

The extant speech of which he is undoubtedly the author (in R.A.B. Mynors, XII Panegyrici Latini, Oxford 1964, No. 4; English translation in C.E.V. Nixon / Barbara Rodgers, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors, Berkeley 1994) was delivered in 321 CE to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the accession of Constantine the Great, and the fifth of his son Constantine's admission to the rank of Caesar. The preceding speech (No. 12), celebrating the victory of Constantine over Maxentius, delivered in 313 CE at Augusta Treverorum (Trier), has often been attributed to Nazarius, but the difference in style and vocabulary, and the more distinctly Christian coloring of Nazarius's speech, are against this.

Ausonius
Decimus Magnus Ausonius (/ɔːˈsoʊniəs/; c. 310 – c. 395) was a Roman poet and teacher of  rhetoric from Burdigala, Aquitaine (now Bordeaux, France). For a time, he was tutor to the future Emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-known poems are Mosella, a description of the River Moselle, and Ephemeris, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers and circle of well-to-do acquaintances and his delight in the technical handling of meter.