hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilson v. Sellers
Wilson v. Sellers, 584 U.S. ___ (2018), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that a federal court sitting in a habeas corpus proceeding should "look through" an unexplained, summary ruling to the last related state-court decision that provides a relevant rationale and presume that the unexplained decision adopted the same reasoning. The State may rebut the presumption by showing that the unexplained decision most likely relied on different grounds than the reasoned decision below.

Federal judiciary of the United States
The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three branches of the  U.S. federal government organized under the U.S. Constitution and laws of the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary does not include any state court (which includes local courts), which are completely independent from the federal government. The U.S. federal judiciary consists primarily of the U.S. Supreme Court, the U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. district courts. It also includes a variety of other lesser federal tribunals.

Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III states that federal judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, or die.
Kira Weidle-Winkelmann
Kira Weidle-Winkelmann (née Weidle; born 24 February 1996) is a German World Cup alpine ski racer, specializing in the speed events of downhill and super-G. Weidle-Winkelmann won the silver medal in the team combined at the 2026 Winter Olympics, skiing the downhill run with partner Emma Aicher skiing slalom. She made her World Cup debut in January 2016 and attained her first podium in November 2018. Weidle won the silver medal in the downhill at the 2021 World Championships in Cortina d'Ampezzo.

Downhill (ski competition)
Downhill is a form of alpine skiing competition. Whereas the other alpine skiing events (slalom, giant slalom, super giant slalom, and combined) emphasize turning and technique, downhill emphasizes "the six components of technique, courage, speed, risk, physical condition and judgement", according to the FIS "International Ski Competition Rules (ICR)". Speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) are common in international competition. Athletes must have an aerodynamically efficient tuck position to minimize drag and increase speed.

The term, "downhill skiing", is also used as a synonym for alpine skiing as a recreational activity.
Makaiko Kheti
Makaiko Kheti (Nepali: मकैको खेती, lit. 'The Cultivation of Maize') is a 1920 lost literary work by Krishna Lal Adhikari (sometimes credited as Subba Krishna Lal Adhikari or Krishnalal Adhikari). Adhikari had been inspired to write a book about maize cultivation after reading an Indian book that a friend had given him. With permission from Nepali Bhasha Prakashini Samiti, the book was released in July 1920, with 1,000 copies being printed. Detractors accused the book of containing double entendres which purportedly attacked the Rana dynasty that had ruled over the Kingdom of Nepal since 1846. Adhikari was sentenced to nine years in prison, where he died.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Glossary of computer hardware terms
This glossary of computer hardware terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related to computer hardware, i.e. the physical and structural components of computers, architectural issues, and peripheral devices.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
The Whaler Boy
The Whaler Boy (Russian: Китобой, lit. 'Kitoboï') is a 2020 coming-of-age drama film written and directed by Philippe Youriev, at his feature film debut.

A co-production between Russia, Poland and Belgium, the film premiered at the 77th edition of the Venice Film Festival, in which it won the GdA Director's Award.

77th Venice International Film Festival
The 77th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 2 to 12 September 2020, at Venice Lido in Italy. Albeit in a "more restrained format" due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival held all its screenings with public presence.

Australian actress Cate Blanchett was Jury President of the main competition. Italian actress Anna Foglietta hosted the opening and closing nights of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to Nomadland by Chloé Zhao.

The festival opened with The Ties by Daniele Luchetti, the first Italian film after 11 years to open the festival. And closed with You Came Back by Stefano Mordini.
CS Șoimii Lipova
Clubul Sportiv Șoimii Lipova, commonly known as CS Șoimii Lipova, or simply Șoimii Lipova, is a Romanian professional football club based in Lipova, Arad County.

The team was founded in 1974 and played in the Divizia C for 14 years, between 1980 and 1994. The most important result was a 1st place in the 11th series, achieved at the end of the 1991–92 season. After 1994 Șoimii played only in the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system and even withdrew from any competition in the spring of 2010. After two years of inactivity Șoimii enrolled in the sixth tier and started its ascension, promoting back to Liga III at the end of the 2016–17 season.

Romanian football league system
The Romanian football league system, also known as the football pyramid, refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.

Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs.
Purple Radio (London)
Purple Radio was an internet and British digital radio station for a gay, lesbian and gay-friendly audience. It was available on a DAB multiplex in London and also online. It was the first full-time gay and lesbian radio station and broadcast 24 hours a day, with live broadcasts from a different nightclub every night.

Purple Radio was launched in 2001 and merged with Gaydar Radio in 2003.

Gaydar Radio
GaydarRadio is a podcast on Mixcloud streaming service,. However it used to be a British digital radio station for gay men, lesbians and gay friendly people which had broadcast on DAB multiplexes in London and Brighton and also online. It was broadcast 24 hours a day, with live programming from 5am to midnight during the week, 7am to midnight at weekends.

GaydarRadio, which was based in Twickenham in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, ceased broadcasting on Monday 7 January 2013 when the station's DAB channels were acquired by Gaydio.
Maksim Sukhanov
Maksim Aleksandrovich Sukhanov (Russian: Макси́м Алекса́ндрович Суха́нов; born 10 November 1963) is a Soviet and Russian actor, producer, theatrical composer, and restaurateur. His film credits include The Goddess, The Horde, The Country of Deaf and The Role. He was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 1996 and 2001. In 2024 he moved to Berlin.

The Horde (2012 film)
The Horde (Russian title: Орда Orda, working title: Святитель Алексий Svyatitel Alexy; The Golden Empire in the UK) is a 2012 historical film directed by Andrei Proshkin and written by Yuri Arabov. The film is a highly fictionalised narrative of how Saint Alexius healed Taydula Khatun, the mother of the Golden Horde khan Jani Beg, from blindness.
Sidiga Washi
Sidiga Abdelrahim Washi (Arabic; صديقةوشي  sidiga washiا) (5 May 1955 – 3 October 2018) was a Sudanese academic specializing in population, reproductive health and nutrition.

Sidiga Washi was a professor of family and consumer sciences/community nutrition, dean of the School of Family/Health Sciences and former director nutrition and health research and training at Ahfad University for Women in Sudan, and director of the quality assurance and institutional assessment office at the university.

Ahfad University for Women
15°38′41″N 32°28′17″E﻿ / ﻿15.6447855°N 32.4715197°E﻿ / 15.6447855; 32.4715197

Ahfad University for Women (Arabic: جامعة الأحفاد للبنات, romanized: Jāmiʻat al-Aḥfād lil-Banāt) is a private women's university in Omdurman, Sudan that was founded in 1966, by Yusuf Badri, son of the Mahdist soldier Babiker Badri. The university began with only 23 students and 3 teachers. It was the first Sudanese women's college. The current president is Prof. Gasim Badri, Yusuf Badri's son.
Brian Lilley
Brian Lilley is a Canadian conservative columnist, author, television show host. He is the provincial and national political columnist for the Toronto Sun. He has worked in radio, television and print across Canada. He hosted a radio show on 580 CFRA in Ottawa, and was the senior correspondent for the now defunct Sun News Network in Ottawa, covering Parliament Hill.

CFRA
CFRA is a news/talk formatted radio station in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, owned by Bell Media. The station broadcasts on the assigned frequency of  580 kHz. CFRA's studios are located in the Bell Media Building on George Street in Downtown Ottawa's ByWard Market, while its 4-tower transmitter array is located near Manotick.
Dostoevsky Museum
59°55′38″N 30°21′03″E﻿ / ﻿59.92722°N 30.35083°E﻿ / 59.92722; 30.35083

The F. M. Dostoyevsky Literary Memorial Museum (Государственный Литературно-мемориальный музей Ф. М. Достоевского), located on Kuznechny Lane 5/2 in Saint Petersburg, was opened on November 12, 1971 in the former apartment of the Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky.

Dostoyevsky lived in the apartment twice during his life: first for a short period in 1846 in the beginnings of his career, and later from October 1878 until his death in January 1881. The apartment was his home during the composition of some of his most notable works, including The Double: A Petersburg Poem (1846) and The Brothers Karamazov (1879–1880). The apartment has been reconstructed based on the memoirs of the writer's second wife, Anna Dostoyevskaya, and his friends.

Anna Dostoevskaya
Anna Grigoryevna Dostoevskaya (née Snitkina; Russian: Анна Григорьевна Достоевская; 30 August 1846 – 9 June 1918) was a Russian memoirist, stenographer, and assistant, as well as the second wife (from 1867) of writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. She was also one of the first female philatelists in Russia. Dostoevskaya wrote two biographical books about her husband, Fyodor Dostoevsky: Anna Dostoyevskaya's Diary in 1867, which was published in 1923 after her death, and Memoirs of Anna Dostoyevskaya (also known as Reminiscence of Anna Dostoyevskaya), published in 1925.
Hvalsø railway station
Hvalsø railway station is a railway station serving the railway town of Kirke Hvalsø between the cities of Roskilde, Holbæk and Ringsted on the island of Zealand, Denmark.

Hvalsø railway station is situated on the Northwest Line from Roskilde to Kalundborg. The station opened in 1874. It offers regional rail services to Holbæk, Roskilde and Copenhagen operated by the national railway company DSB.

Roskilde railway station
Roskilde Station (Danish: Roskilde Station or Roskilde Banegård) is the principal railway station serving the city of Roskilde on the island of Zealand, Denmark. It is located in central Roskilde, on the southeastern edge of the historic town centre, and lies immediately adjacent to the Roskilde bus station.

Roskilde station is situated on the Danish Main Line between Copenhagen and Jutland. The station is also a terminus for the Little South Line which connects Roskilde to Næstved in southern Zealand by way of Køge, and the Northwest Line which connects Roskilde to Kalundborg in northwestern Zealand.

Completed in 1847, it is the oldest railway station in Denmark still in use. It was listed in the Fanish registry of protected buildings and places in 1964.
General Motors Theatre
General Motors Theatre (also known as CBC Theatre, Encounter, Ford Television Theatre, and General Motors Presents) was a Canadian television anthology drama series of television plays, which ran on CBC Television under various titles from September 18, 1952, until January 1, 1961, and in the US on ABC from October 5 to November 2, 1958. The series mainly consisted of one-hour episodes of romance, adventure, or mystery stories, with some social realist drama plays.

The $64,000 Question
The $64,000 Question is an American game show broadcast in primetime on CBS-TV from 1955 to 1958, which became embroiled in the 1950s quiz show scandals. Contestants answered general knowledge questions, earning money which doubled as the questions became more difficult. The final question had a top prize of $64,000 (equivalent to $770,000 in 2025), hence the "$64,000 Question" in the show's title.

The $64,000 Challenge (1956–1958) was its spin-off show, where contestants played against winners of at least $8,000 on The $64,000 Question.
Venkata Krishna Nayaka
Venkata Krishna Nayaka was a prominent military general under Chokkanatha Nayaka, the ruler of Madurai. he played a key role in several battles against Mysore Kingdom in the Madurai–Mysore Wars and Thanjavur Nayaks particularly in the Siege of Tanjore (1673). Venkata Krishna was instrumental in leading the Madurai forces to victory in the confrontation with the Tanjore kingdom, displaying courage and tactical skill. His title, "Sangora Kirita" (Crown of Battle), was a reflection of his valor and success on the battlefield. His leadership in the siege and capture of the Tanjore fort marked a significant military achievement further strengthening Chokkanatha Nayak’s rule.

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
The Thanjavur Nayak Dynasty, also known as the Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom, were the rulers of Thanjavur in the 15th and 17th centuries founded by Sevappa Nayaka. The Nayaks, who were Telugu Balijas, were originally appointed as provincial governors by the Vijayanagara Emperor in the 15th century, who divided the territory into Nayak kingdoms which were Madurai, Thanjavur and Gingee. In the mid-15th century they became an independent kingdom, although they continued their alliance with the Vijayanagara Empire. The Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.
Miss Philippines Earth
Miss Philippines Earth (2004–2017, 2019–present), originally titled Miss Philippines (2001–2003) then Miss Earth Philippines (2018), is a national beauty pageant held annually in search of "the most beautiful and environmentally-conscious and aware woman" in the Philippines.

The grand winner of the pageant represents the Philippines in Miss Earth, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants – the most coveted beauty titles among all the international pageant competitions.

The current titleholder is Joy Barcoma of Bacoor, Cavite who was crowned on August 10, 2025 in Okada Manila, Pasay, Metro Manila. The elemental queens are, namely, Maria Flordeliz Mabao (Miss Philippines Air), Angel Rose Tambal (Miss Philippines Water), Jaymie Strickland (Miss Philippines Fire) and Kriezl Jane Torres (Miss Philippines Eco-tourism).

Mutya ng Pilipinas
Mutya ng Pilipinas (MNP), in 2019 known as Mutya Pilipinas, is one of the two oldest annual national beauty pageants in the Philippines (est. 1968). The other being the Binibining Pilipinas pageant (est. 1964). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the competition was not held in 2020 and 2021.
Amina Khalil
Amina Khalil (Arabic: أمينة خليل; born 26 October 1988) is an Egyptian film and television actress who has gained prominence in the late 2010s and early 2020s in the Arab world. Her advocacy for female rights granted her an honorary ambassador title by The United Nations Population Fund (UPFA) in Egypt.

United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, and female genital mutilation.

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 144 countries across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. Around three-quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a founding member of the United Nations Development Group, a collection of UN agencies and programmes focused on fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
2430 Bruce Helin
2430 Bruce Helin (prov. designation: 1977 VC) is a stony Phocaea asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by American astronomers Eleanor Helin and Eugene Shoemaker at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California, on 8 November 1977. It was later named after Bruce Helin, son of the first discoverer. The S-type asteroid (Sl) has an exceptionally long rotation period of 128 hours and measures approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter.

Eleanor F. Helin
Eleanor Francis "Glo" Helin (née Francis, 19 November 1932 – 25 January 2009) was an American astronomer. She was principal investigator of the Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (Some sources give her name as Eleanor Kay Helin.)

Helin was a prolific discoverer of minor planets (see list) and several comets, including periodic comets 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett, 117P/Helin–Roman–Alu and 132P/Helin–Roman–Alu. She is credited as the discoverer of the object now known as both asteroid 4015 Wilson–Harrington and comet 107P/Wilson–Harrington. Although Wilson and Harrington preceded her by some decades, their observations did not establish an orbit for the object, while her rediscovery did. Helin discovered or co-discovered 903 asteroids and several comets.
Dali Town, Yunnan
Dali Town (Chinese: 大理镇; pinyin: Dàlǐ Zhèn) is a township-level division in Dali City, in the northwest of Yunnan province, China.  The town contains the historic centre of the county-level city of Dali and is also commonly known as Dali Old Town (Chinese: 大理古城; pinyin: Dàlǐ Gǔchéng).  The modern centre of Dali City, however, is 10 km south of the old town at Xiaguan.  Being the county seat of Dali City, Xiaguan is often labelled as Dali on maps and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town (大理新镇) to distinguish it from Dali Town.  The old town has become well known as a tourist site in part thanks to its picturesque location and historic Bai architecture.

Bai people
The Bai or Pai (Bai: Baipho [pɛ̰˦˨xo̰˦], 白和; Chinese: 白族; pinyin: Báizú) are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Bijie area of Guizhou Province, and Sangzhi area of Hunan Province. The Bai constitute one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China, with a population of 2,091,543 (as of 2020).
Asterothyrium
Asterothyrium is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Gomphillaceae. These tiny lichens form small, star-shaped fruiting bodies on the surface of leaves in tropical and subtropical forests. They are most commonly found in humid, shaded environments where leaves remain moist and clean. The genus includes 19 recognised species distributed primarily throughout Central and South America.

Foliicolous lichen
A foliicolous lichen  is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
Meitei language in Assam
Meitei language (Meitei: ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ/মৈতৈ লোন, romanized: Meitei Lon), officially and formally known as Manipuri language (Meitei: ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ/মণিপুরী লোন, romanized: Manipuri Lon), is one of the official languages of the state government of Assam. It serves as the additional official language in all the three districts of the Barak Valley (Cachar district, Hailakandi district and Karimganj district) as well as in the Hojai district of Assam.

Cachar district
Cachar district is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. After independence, the pre-existing undivided Cachar district was split into four districts: Dima Hasao (formerly North Cachar Hills), Hailakandi, Karimganj, and the current Cachar district. Silchar is Cachar district's center of government.
Yohan Hwang
Yohan Hwang, also known as Yohan King, (born November 27, 1995) is a South Korean singer based in Manila, Philippines. He rose to fame after joining and eventually winning the first season of I Love OPM. Yohan later went on to perform a Korean-language cover of the Yeng Constantino single "Ikaw" for the Tagalog-language dub of Love in the Moonlight.

I Love OPM
I Love OPM (stylized as I ♥ OPM: Original Pinoy Music) is a Philippine television reality competition show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Hosted by Anne Curtis and Eric Nicolas, it aired on the network's Yes Weekend! line up from February 13 to April 23, 2016, replacing Dance Kids and was replaced by We Love OPM.