hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heroic medicine
Heroic medicine can either refer to heroic therapy or to heroic drugs.

Heroic therapy, also referred to as heroic depletion theory, was a therapeutic method advocating for rigorous treatment of bloodletting, purging, and sweating to shock the body back to health after an illness caused by a humoral imbalance. Rising to the front of orthodox medical practice in North America in the "Age of Heroic Medicine" (1780–1850), it fell out of favor in the mid-19th century as gentler treatments were shown to be more effective and the idea of palliative treatment began to develop.

Heroic drugs, also called in English potent medicaments, was also a term used in Europe from the 18th to the 20th century to refer to certain potent pharmaceutical drugs.

Brussels Pharmacopoeia Agreement (1902)
The Agreement respecting the Unification of Pharmacopoeial Formulas for Potent Drugs, informally known as the 1902 Brussels Pharmacopoeia Agreement (French: Officially in French: Arrangement International pour l'Unification de la Formule des Médicaments Héroïques), was an international treaty to harmonize the monographs of certain medical substances between national pharmacopoeias, negotiated in 1902 and signed in 1906. It was succeeded by the 1925 Brussels Pharmacopoeia Agreement.
Aleksander Paweł Sapieha
Aleksander Paweł Sapieha (8 September 1672 – 4 January 1734 in Vilnius), was a Polish-Lithuanian Prince of the Sapieha family, Marshal of the Court of Lithuania (1692) and Grand Marshal of Lithuania (1699).

Marszałek
Marszałek (English: Marshal, Lithuanian: Maršalka, Belarusian: Маршалак, Latin: Marescallus) was the title of one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15th century. It was the highest-ranking of all court officials and was considered the most important advisor to the King of Poland.
Colour Vision (horse)
Colour Vision (foaled 22 February 2008) is a Thoroughbred racehorse best known for his win in 2012 Ascot Gold Cup. He was bred in France, sired by an American stallion out of a German mare and was trained in Britain and the United Arab Emirates.

As a two-year-old he won once from four starts and was gelded at the end of the year. In 2011 he showed steady improvement when moved up to longer distances, winning three minor races and finishing third in both the Cesarewitch Handicap and the British Champions Long Distance Cup.

He reached his peak as a four-year-old in the first half of 2012 when he won the Sagaro Stakes in track record time before taking the Gold Cup. He went on to finish third in the Goodwood Cup and the Prix du Cadran and was voted the Cartier Champion Stayer of 2012. Colour Vision failed to reproduce his best form in 2013, but ran well to finish fourth behind Estimate in the Gold Cup. He was retired from racing at the end of the year.

Cesarewitch Handicap
The Cesarewitch Handicap is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newmarket over a distance of 2 miles and 2 furlongs (3,621 metres), and finishes on the Rowley Mile. It is scheduled to take place each year in October.
Penn State Nittany Lions women's lacrosse
The Penn State Nittany Lions women's lacrosse team is an NCAA Division I college lacrosse team representing Pennsylvania State University as part of the Big Ten Conference. They play their home games at Panzer Stadium in State College, Pennsylvania.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Old River Lea
The Old River Lea is the former natural channel of the River Lea below Lea Bridge, in the London Borough of Hackney. The Old River forms a large meander from the Middlesex Filter Beds Weir to rejoin the main channel of the River Lee Navigation below Old Ford Lock.

The natural channel is joined by the River Lee Flood Relief Channel, and Dagenham Brook and a number of subsidiary channels to form the semi-tidal Bow Back Rivers, discharging into Bow Creek.

The natural channel forms the boundary between the London Boroughs of Hackney and Waltham Forest; and forms the eastern boundary of Hackney Marshes, and historically the western boundary of Leyton Marshes.

Lee Navigation
The Lee Navigation is a canalised river incorporating the River Lea (also called the River Lee along the sections that are navigable). It flows from Hertford Castle Weir to the River Thames at Bow Creek; its first lock is Hertford Lock and its last Bow Locks.
Pedro Martínez Losa
Pedro Martínez Losa (born 9 May 1976) is a Spanish football coach and sporting director, who is currently the manager of Liga MX Femenil club Tigres. Known primarily for his prominence within women's football, Martínez Losa has won major trophies in his native Spain with Rayo Vallecano Femenino, and in England with Arsenal Women.

Tigres UANL (women)
Tigres UANL Femenil, also known simply as Tigres Femenil or Tigres, is a Mexican professional women's football club based in the city of San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico that competes in the Liga MX Femenil. The club has been the women's section of Tigres UANL since 2016. The team plays its home matches at the Estadio Universitario.

Commonly known as Las Amazonas (The Amazons), Tigres Femenil is one of only five clubs that have won the Liga MX Femenil title, and the most successful one with a record seven league titles, two more than city rivals C.F. Monterrey.
1997 European Promotion Cup for Junior Men
The 1997 European Promotion Cup for Junior Men was the first edition of the basketball European Promotion Cup for Junior Men, today known as the FIBA U18 European Championship Division C. It was played in Andorra la Vella, Andorra, from 8 to 12 July 1997. Moldova men's national under-18 basketball team won the tournament.

Moldova men's national under-18 basketball team
The Moldova men's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Moldova, administered by the Basketball Federation of Moldova. It represents the country in under-18 men's international basketball competitions.

The team won five medals at the FIBA U18 EuroBasket Division C.
Kangshanagar
Kangshanagar (Bengali: কংশনগর) is a village and large market place in Bangladesh. It is situated in Bharella which is in Burichang Upazila, Comilla District. It stands beside the river of Gumti. Approximately 3,747 people live in Kangshanagar.

Bharella
Bharella (Bengali: ভারেল্লা) is a union in Bangladesh. It is situated in the Comilla District of Chittagong Division. which is situated in Burichang Upazila. It stands beside the river of Gumti. Approximately 44656 people live in Bharella.
Joe Sherlock
Joe Sherlock (26 September 1930 – 10 September 2007) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 2002 to 2007, 1987 to 1992 and 1981 to 1982. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 1993 to 1997.

Seanad Éireann
53°20′26″N 6°15′14″W﻿ / ﻿53.34055°N 6.254021°W﻿ / 53.34055; -6.254021
Seanad Éireann (/ˈʃænəd ˈɛərən, ˈʃænəð/ ⓘ SHAN-əd(h) AIR-ən; Irish: [ˈʃan̪ˠəd̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Senate of Ireland") is the upper house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (the lower house).

It is commonly called the Seanad or Senate and its members are known as senators (Irish: seanadóirí, singular: seanadóir). Unlike Dáil Éireann, it is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members chosen by various methods. Its powers are much weaker than those of the Dáil and it can only delay laws with which it disagrees, rather than veto them outright. It can introduce new legislation. Since its establishment, it has been located in Leinster House.
Arlesey Town F.C.
Arlesey Town Football Club is a football club based in Arlesey, Bedfordshire, England. Affiliated to the Bedfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Premier Division and play at New Lamb Meadow.

Spartan South Midlands Football League
The Spartan South Midlands Football League is an English football league covering Hertfordshire, northwest Greater London, central Buckinghamshire and southern Bedfordshire. It is a feeder to the Southern Football League or the Isthmian League, and consists of five divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), and two for reserve teams (Reserve Division One and Reserve Division Two).

The Premier Division is at step 5 (or level 9) and Division One at step 6 (level 10) of the National League System (NLS) respectively. Division Two, at level 11, and the reserve divisions are not part of the NLS.
Thomas Powell (steamboat)
Thomas Powell was a fast and popular steamboat built in Manhattan, New York City in 1846 for service on the Hudson River. She ran between New York City and various Hudson River destinations during her career, including Newburgh, Piermont, Poughkeepsie, Rondout, Catskill, and finally as a nightboat to Troy. She also ran on the Delaware River for some years in the 1850s, and during the American Civil War served as a Union Army dispatch boat.

Thomas Powell was considered one of the fastest, if not the fastest, of the Hudson River steamers of her time, capable of speeds in excess of 22 miles per hour (35 km/h). Her speed, excellent accommodations and good management made her a favorite with the traveling public, and consequently, she retained her original name to the end of her career. Her last known trip was made in 1879 and she was scrapped in 1881.

Piermont, New York
Piermont (English pronunciation: /ˈpiːɹmɒnt/ ⓘ) is a village incorporated in 1847 in Rockland County, New York, United States. Piermont is in the town of Orangetown, located north of the hamlet of Palisades, east of Sparkill, and south of Grand View-on-Hudson, on the west bank of the Hudson River. The population was 2,517 at the 2020 census. Woody Allen set The Purple Rose of Cairo (1984) in Piermont.

The village's name, in earlier years known as Tappan Landing, was given by Dr. Eleazar Lord, author, educator, deacon of the First Protestant Dutch Church and first president of the Erie Railroad. It was derived by combining a local natural feature – Tallman Mountain – and the most prominent man-made feature of the village – the long Erie Railroad pier.
Remse
Remse is a municipality in the district of Zwickau in Saxony in Germany. Remse is located 2 miles north of Glauchau. Two federal highway cross the municipality. Besides that the federal Autobahn A4 is accessible from south of town.

Glauchau
Glauchau (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlaʊxaʊ] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Hłuchow, pronounced [ˈhwuxɔf]) is a town in the German federal state of Saxony, on the right bank of the Mulde, 7 miles north of Zwickau and 17 miles west of Chemnitz by rail (its train station is on the Dresden–Werdau line). It is part of the Zwickau district.
Do Chor
Do Chor (transl. Two thieves) is a 1972 Hindi romantic drama film produced by Raj Khosla and directed by Padmanabh. It stars Dharmendra, Tanuja, Shobhana Samarth, K.N. Singh, Trilok Kapoor and Jalal Agha.  The music is by R.D. Burman and the lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. The film was successful at the box office.

K. N. Singh
Krishan Niranjan Singh (1 September 1908 – 31 January 2000), known as K. N. Singh in Indian cinema, was a prominent villain and character actor. He appeared in over 200 Hindi films over a long career stretching from 1936 to the late 1980s.
Sean Mannion (American football)
Sean Thomas Mannion (born April 25, 1992) is an American professional football coach and former quarterback who is the offensive coordinator for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the quarterbacks coach for the Green Bay Packers in 2025.

Mannion played college football for the Oregon State Beavers and was their starting quarterback from 2011 to 2014. He was selected by the St. Louis Rams in the third round of the 2015 NFL draft and he was also a member of the Minnesota Vikings and Seattle Seahawks.

Oregon State Beavers football
The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.

Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, Oregon.
Bryan S. Lorigan
Bryan S. Lorigan (March 10, 1824 – October 31, 1895) was an Irish American immigrant, farmer, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served two terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing northern Manitowoc County during the 1874 and 1875 terms.  As an early settler in Manitowoc County, he was one of the founders of the first Catholic church in the county, St. Patrick's Church in Maple Grove.

28th Wisconsin Legislature
The Twenty-Eighth Wisconsin Legislature convened from January 13, 1875, to March 6, 1875, in regular session.

Senators representing odd-numbered districts were newly elected for this session and were serving the first year of a two-year term. Assembly members were elected to a one-year term. Assembly members and odd-numbered senators were elected in the general election of November 3, 1874. Senators representing even-numbered districts were serving the second year of their two-year term, having been elected in the general election held on November 4, 1873.

The governor of Wisconsin during this entire term was Democrat William Robert Taylor, of Dane County, serving the second year of a two-year term, having won election in the 1873 Wisconsin gubernatorial election.
IISER Aptitude Test
IISER Aptitude Test (IAT) is an Indian computer-based test for admission to the various undergraduate programs offered by the seven IISERs, along with  IISc and IIT Madras.

It is the only examination to get admission into the,

5-year BS-MS Dual Degree Programs of the IISERs,

4-year BS Degree Program in Economic Sciences of IISER Bhopal,

4-year BS Degree Program in Economic and Statistical Sciences of IISER Tirupati, and

4-year BS Degree Program of IIT Madras.

4-year B.Tech Program (Chemical Engineering, Data Science & Engineering, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science) of IISER Bhopal

5 Year BS-MS program at IACS Kolkata (from 2026)

It also serves as one of the channels to get admission into the 4-year BS (Research) Degree Program of IISc Bangalore.

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal (IISERB or IISER Bhopal) is a prestigious autonomous research institute in Bhauri, Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established by the Ministry of Education (India), Government of India in 2008 in order to incorporate research in fundamental science at undergraduate and graduate level, with equal emphasis on higher education for research and education in science. It is an autonomous institution awarding its own degrees.
Blitterlees
Blitterlees is a hamlet in the parish of Holme Low, one mile south of Silloth in Cumbria, England. The hamlet of Wolsty is located approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south as the crow flies, or 2.25 miles (3.62 km) by road, and Cumbria's county town, Carlisle, is located 23 miles (37 km) to the east. The B5300, known locally as the "coast road", runs through the village on its way to Beckfoot, Mawbray, Allonby, and ultimately Maryport.

Silloth
Silloth, or Silloth-on-Solway, is a port town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town stands on the coast of the Solway Firth, 18 miles (29 km) west of Carlisle. It was developed from the 1850s onwards around a new harbour, and also became a small seaside resort. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 2,749.
Raveendran filmography
Raveendran began his career as a playback singer through the song "Parvanarajanithan" from a Malayalam film, Velliyazhcha. Later he associated with many composers and meanwhile served as a dubbing artist for films. He dubbed for actor Shankar in Aranjaanam directed by P. Venu. Primarily wished to become a playback singer, his destiny was changed by K. J. Yesudas, who realised his ability to create tunes which eventually led to his first movie Choola in 1979.

Raveendran
Madhavan Raveendran (born Kulathupuzha, Kollam, 9 November 1943 – died Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 3 March 2005), also known as Raveendran Master, was a South Indian music composer and playback singer from Kerala. He composed songs for more than 150 films primarily for the Malayalam and Tamil film industries.  He also composed a few albums, including Vasantha Geethangal, Ponnonatharangini and Rithugeethangal. Raveendran composed melodies based on Hindustani Ragas also.
Ras Abrouq
Ras Abrouq (Arabic: رأس أبروق; also known as Bir Zekreet) is the northernmost extension of the Zekreet Peninsula, a stretch of land to the north of Dukhan in Qatar. It has a beach of the same name and various archaeological sites. Since the 21st century it has functioned as a tourist site.

Large parts of its territory are legally protected as a nature reserve for wild deer. Richard Serra's East-West/West-East sculpture was completed in Brouq Nature Reserve in 2014 at the behest of the Qatar Museums Authority.

Cape (geography)
In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. A cape usually represents a marked change in trend of the coastline, often making them important landmarks in sea navigation. This also makes them prone to natural forms of erosion, mainly tidal actions, resulting in a relatively short geological lifespan.
Nicole Bradtke
Nicole Bradtke (née Provis) (born 22 September 1969) is a retired professional tennis player from Australia.

Bradtke won three singles and nine doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She reached the semifinals of the 1988 French Open, and won a bronze medal in doubles at the 1992 Summer Olympics, partnering Rachel McQuillan. In mixed doubles, she reached four Grand Slam finals, winning two of those partnering Mark Woodforde. Bradtke reached career-high rankings of No. 24 in singles and No. 11 in doubles. She retired from professional tennis in 1997 after a shoulder injury.

1988 French Open
The 1988 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 23 May until 5 June. It was the 87th staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1988.
Vic Shealy
Victor Dalmuth Shealy (born July 14, 1961) is an American football coach and former player. He was most recently the head coach at Houston Christian University. He was previously the defensive coordinator and cornerbacks coach at the University of Kansas.  From 1995 to 1998, Shealy served as the head football coach at Azusa Pacific University, compiling a record of 27–14–1.  In 1998, he coached the team to the NAIA Football National Championship.  For his efforts that season, Shealy was named the NAIA Coach of the Year and the American Football Quarterly Schutt National Coach of the Year.

Houston Christian University
Houston Christian University (HCU), formerly Houston Baptist University (HBU), is a private university in Houston, Texas, United States. It is affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas. Its Cultural Arts Center houses three museums: the Dunham Bible Museum, the Museum of American Architecture and Decorative Arts, and the Museum of Southern History.

The Houston Theological Seminary is one of the university's graduate schools that offers the Doctor of Ministry and Master of Divinity, among other degrees.
Mirth Solomon
Mirth Solomon (née Te Moananui; 22 April 1939 – 30 October 2023) was a New Zealand netball player who competed for New Zealand in the 1963 and 1967 World Netball Championships, winning a silver and gold medal. After retiring, she played an important role with Netball Rotorua, retiring in 2016 after 15 years as its president. She was inducted into the Māori Sports Hall of Fame in 2003.

1963 World Netball Championships
The 1963 World Netball Championships was the first edition of the INF Netball World Cup, a quadrennial international netball competition. It was held from 2 August to 14 August and in Eastbourne, England. It featured eleven teams. In a round robin style format, Australia won all of their matches and considered the inaugural title holders.
LMT R-20 Rahe
The LMT R-20 Rahe (Literally "Hail" in Estonian) is an assault rifle chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. It is specially designed and manufactured for the needs of the Estonian Defense Forces (EDF) by Lewis Machine & Tool Company (LMT).

The R-20 Rahe replaced the IMI Galil and Automatkarbin 4 rifles in the EDF, the latter rifles being stored for reserve use.

Estonian Defence Forces
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.

Euglossini
The tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or euglossine bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior.
Arthur Martinelli
Arthur Martinelli (April 29, 1881 — September 7, 1967) was an American cinematographer whose career spanned from the silent era through the golden age of American movies. During that time he shot over 100 films. A pioneer in the industry, he was the cinematographer to film the first movie to star Ethel and John Barrymore.

Ethel Barrymore
Ethel Barrymore (born Ethel Mae Blyth; August 15, 1879 – June 18, 1959) was an American actress and a member of the Barrymore family of actors. Barrymore was a stage, screen and radio actress whose career spanned six decades, and was regarded as "The First Lady of the American Theatre". She received four nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, winning for None but the Lonely Heart (1944).