hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Bernatchez
Louis Bernatchez CQ MSRC (1960 – September 28, 2023) was a Canadian professor of genetics at Laval University and a Canada Research Chair in genomics and conservation of aquatic resources. Louis Bernatchez was a co-founder of the Canadian Society for Ecology and Evolution.

Bernatchez authored over 500 scientific publications and mentored dozens of students in applying genomics and evolution to the multiple fields, including wildlife management, medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, forestry, conservation, environmental sciences, microbiology and toxicology.

Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada (RSC; French: Société royale du Canada, SRC), also known as the Academies of Arts, Humanities, and Sciences of Canada (French: Académies des arts, des lettres et des sciences du Canada), is the senior national, bilingual council of distinguished Canadian scholars, humanists, scientists, and artists in Canada.

As Canada's national academy, the RSC exists to promote Canadian research and scholarly accomplishment in both of Canada's official languages; advise governments, non-governmental organizations, and Canadians generally on matters of public interest; recognize academic and artistic excellence; and mentor young scholars and artists.
Mark Geiger
Mark William Geiger (born August 25, 1974) is an American sports administrator and former soccer referee. He is the senior director of match officials at the Professional Referee Organization (PRO), which oversees domestic referees in Major League Soccer (MLS). Geiger previously officiated in MLS and was on the FIFA International Referees List from 2008 to 2019. At the international level, Geiger refereed the 2012 Olympics, the 2013, 2015, and 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cups, and the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups. At the 2014 World Cup, he became the first referee from the United States to officiate a knockout match at a World Cup tournament. Before becoming a full-time referee, Geiger was a high school mathematics teacher.

2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 12th CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 22nd CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's fifty years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition began on July 7, 2013, at the Rose Bowl, and ended with the final on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field, with the United States defeating Panama 1–0. In this edition of the Gold Cup, Mexico participated with an alternative squad due to the main players competing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup prior to the Gold Cup. Despite not playing with their full squad, they reached the semi-finals where they lost to eventual runners-up Panama with a score of 1–2.

United States won the tournament, which qualified them for a play-off match against the champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, to decide which team would represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. The playoff was played in a single match held on October 10, 2015, which Mexico won 3–2.
Payments Canada
Canadian Payments Association, carrying on business under the brand name Payments Canada, is an organization that operates a payment clearing and settlement system in Canada. The Canadian Payments Association was established by the Canadian Payments Act in 1980. Among other responsibilities, it regulates and maintains directories of bank routing numbers in Canada.

In 2023, Payments Canada systems cleared and settled $112 trillion or $450 billion every business day.

Clearing (finance)
In banking and finance, clearing refers to all activities from the time a commitment is made for a transaction until it is settled. This process turns the promise of payment (for example, in the form of a cheque or electronic payment request) into the actual movement of money from one account to another. Clearing houses were formed to facilitate such transactions among banks.
Joseph Sledge
Joseph Sledge Jr. (1942 – 1 December, 2020) was an American man who was wrongly convicted of the murders of two women, Josephine and Aileen Davis, for which he was imprisoned for over 36 years before being exonerated by new DNA evidence. His case represents the longest duration of incarceration for a case that has been overturned by DNA evidence, and he was the longest-serving inmate to have been exonerated in North Carolina.

Exoneration
Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to exonerate" can also mean to informally absolve one from blame.

The term "exoneration" also is used in criminal law to indicate a surety, i.e. bail bond has been satisfied, completed, and exonerated. The judge orders the bond exonerated; the clerk of court time stamps the original bail bond power and indicates exonerated as the judicial order.
European Combined Events Team Championships
The European Combined Events Team Championships is a track and field competition for European combined track and field events specialists, with contests in men's decathlon event and women's heptathlon. It is organised by European Athletics. It was held annually in 1993–2011 and biennially in 1973–1993 and 2011–2019.

It was known as the European Cup Combined Events prior to 2017.

European Athletic Association
The European Athletic Association (EAA, more commonly known as European Athletics) is the governing body for athletics in Europe. It is one of the six Area Associations of the world's athletics governing body World Athletics. European Athletics has 51 members and is headquartered in Lausanne.

Originally created in 1932 as a European Committee, it was made into an independent body during the Bucharest conference of 1969. The first European Athletics congress took place in Paris on 6–8 October 1970, with Dutchman Adriaan Paulen elected as its first president. From a volunteer-led organization based in the acting Secretary's home country, European Athletics has developed into a professional organization with a permanent base in Switzerland.

European Athletics runs and regulates several championships and meetings across Europe – both indoor and outdoor.
Junia gens
The gens Junia or Iunia was one of the most celebrated families of ancient Rome.  The gens may originally have been patrician, and was already prominent in the last days of the Roman monarchy.  Lucius Junius Brutus was the nephew of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and last king of Rome, and on the expulsion of Tarquin in 509 BC, he became one of the first consuls of the Roman Republic.

Over the next several centuries, the Junii produced a number of very eminent men, such as Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus, three times consul and twice dictator during the period of the Samnite Wars, as well as Marcus and Decimus Junius Brutus, among the leaders of the conspiracy against Caesar. Although the Junii Bruti disappeared at the end of the Republic, another family, the Junii Silani, remained prominent under the early Empire.

Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (27 April 81 BC – September 43 BC) was a Roman general and politician of the late republican period and one of the leading instigators of Julius Caesar's assassination. He had previously been an important supporter of Caesar in the Gallic Wars and in the civil war against Pompey. Decimus Brutus is often confused with his distant cousin and fellow conspirator, Marcus Junius Brutus.

Due to a typographical error in a 16th-century English publication, he is often known in English-speaking popular culture as Decius Brutus.
Nicomedia
Nicomedia (/ˌnɪkəˈmiːdiə/; Greek: Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey. In 286 AD, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire (chosen by the emperor Diocletian who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the Tetrarchy system (293–324 AD).

The Tetrarchy ended with the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324 AD, when the western Roman emperor Constantine the Great defeated Licinius and became the sole emperor. In 330 AD, Constantine chose for himself the nearby Byzantium (which was renamed Constantinople, modern Istanbul) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.

The city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the victory of Sultan Orhan Gazi against the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419 AD.

Byzantium
Byzantium (/bɪˈzæntiəm, -ʃəm/) or Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul in modern times. The Greek name Byzantion and its Latinization Byzantium continued to be used as a name of Constantinople sporadically and to varying degrees during the thousand-year existence of the Eastern Roman Empire, which also became known by the former name of the city as the Byzantine Empire. Byzantium was colonized by Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BCE and remained primarily Greek-speaking until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.
Armand Gnanduillet
Armand Erwan Djihounou Gnanduillet (born 13 February 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for  Championnat National club Caen. Born in France, he has represented the Ivory Coast at youth level.

Both of his parents originate from Ivory Coast. He started playing football at CS Lanrelas in Brittany, later joining Le Havre and Poissy, and was an Ivory Coast under-20 international. He was named in the Ivory Coast squad for the 2011 CAF African Under-23 Championships.

AS Poissy
AS Poissy (French: Amicale Sportive de Poissy) was a French football club based in Poissy (Yvelines). It was founded in 1904, and liquidated in 2023. They played at the Stade Léo Lagrange, which has a capacity of 3,500. The colours of the club were yellow and blue. AS Poissy played one season in Ligue 2, in 1977–78.

The AS Poissy training centre received the "Jeunes Excellence" Label in 2015, among 192 French clubs, and in 2016 the "Jeunes Élite" Label awarded by the French Football Federation. This quality label was awarded to only 76 French clubs.

Young and senior teams played the highest regional and national levels for many years. Many professional players played for the club like M'Baye Niang, Gérard Soler, Fabien Raddas or Diallo Guidileye.
Mariia Stefiuk
Mariia Yuryivna Stefiuk (Ukrainian: Марія Юріївна Стефюк; born 16 July 1948) is a Ukrainian opera singer and music teacher who has been associated with the National Opera of Ukraine and the Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine. She began her career as a trainee singer at the Kyiv Opera and Ballet Theater in 1972, after being accepted into the troupe before being made a soloist two years later. Stefiuk has made recordings of her works and taught at the department of solo singing at the Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine since 2000.

She has been awarded the Order of Princess Olga, been honored a People's Artist of Ukraine, a People's Artist of the USSR, and received each of the Lenin Komsomol Prize, the Shevchenko National Prize, the Honorary Diploma of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Order of Friendship. Stefiuk was conferred the title of Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the State in 2008.

Hero of Ukraine
A Hero of Ukraine (abbr.  HOU; Ukrainian: Герой України, romanized: Heroi Ukrainy) is the highest national decoration that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the president of Ukraine.

The decoration was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma. As of January 26, 2026, the total number of recipients was no less than 1,255 (of which decrees awarding 1,216 individuals were published, and for at least 39 individuals, the decrees were not made public).

The decoration is granted to two classes of recipients: to civilians, the Order of the State (abbr.  OS, Ukrainian: Орден Держави, romanized: Orden Derzhavy); and to military recipients, the Order of the Gold Star (abbr.  OGS, Орден «Золота Зірка», Orden "Zolota Zirka").

The first foreigner awarded the decoration was Belarusian Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi in June 2017.
Elting E. Morison
Elting Elmore Morison (December 14, 1909, Milwaukee, Wisconsin – April 20, 1995, Peterborough, New Hampshire) was an American historian of technology, military biographer, author of nonfiction books, and essayist.  He was an MIT professor and the founder of MIT's Science, Technology, and Society (STS) program.

Peterborough, New Hampshire
Peterborough is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,418 at the 2020 census. The main village, with 3,090 people at the 2020 census, is a census-designated place (CDP) and lies along the Contoocook River at the junction of U.S. Route 202 and New Hampshire Route 101. Peterborough is 38 miles (61 km) west of Manchester and 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Boston.
Alvan Markle
Alvan Markle (August 29, 1861 – March 19, 1931) was an American banker, businessman, engineer, and inventor based in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He was the son of George Bushar Markle (1827–1888), a rural carpenter and ingenious inventor who became a successful banker and coal operator. Alvan was the brother of John Markle, who established the John and Mary Markle Foundation. Alvan, his father, and his brothers were instrumental in making Hazleton a financial and industrial hub through their inventions and their initiative in establishing regional transportation systems, electric power, extraction technologies, as well as social and educational institutions.

Markle Foundation
Markle Foundation is a New York–based private foundation established in 1927 by American industrialist and financier John Markle and his wife, Mary. Its focus is technology, workforce, health, and national security.
Chaul Kora, Sivasagar
Chaul Kora or Chaulkara is a small rural village in the Sivasagar tehsil, Sivasagar district, Assam state, India.  In the census and other sources it is qualified as No.1 in order to distinguish it from the nearly homonymous village of Charul Kora (No.2) in the same district, about 8 km to the northeast.

The village is located about 352 km east by northeast of Assam's capital Dispur, 5 km west by northwest of Sivasagar, and 10 km southeast of the Brahmaputra River, just south of the local Taxi Ali Road. It is also about 68 km northwest of the border with Myanmar, and 70 km southeast of the border with Arunachal Pradesh, the Indian state that is disputed by China. Its PIN is 785667 and its census village code is 292668.

In the 2011 census, the village had 815 households and 3597 inhabitants (including 340 children 0-6), and an adult literacy level of 95%.  The town has a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu, and a mosque.

Sivasagar
Sivasagar (Assamese: [xi.βɔ.xaɡɔ(ɹ)]) is a city and headquarter of the Sivasagar district, Assam. Sivasagar City It is well known for its Ahom palaces and monuments. Sivasagar is an important centre for tea and oil industries today.
Partition of Kosovo
The partition of Kosovo has been suggested as a solution to the Kosovo question between Serbia and Kosovo. A possible partition would be the division of Kosovo along ethnic lines, such as separating Serb majority North Kosovo, and possibly some enclaves in the south, from the rest of Albanian-dominated Kosovo. A partition was proposed several times, even before the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence, although the question has most recently been raised after the 2011–2013 North Kosovo crisis.

2013 Brussels Agreement
The First Agreement of Principles Governing the Normalisation of Relations, informally known as the Brussels Agreement (Serbian: Бриселски споразум / Briselski sporazum, Albanian: Marrëveshja e Brukselit), is an agreement to normalize relations between the governments of Serbia and Kosovo. The agreement, negotiated and concluded in Brussels under the auspices of the European Union, was signed on 19 April 2013. Negotiations were led by Serbian prime minister Ivica Dačić and  Kosovo prime minister Hashim Thaçi, mediated by EU High Representative Catherine Ashton. The government of Serbia does not recognise Kosovo as a sovereign state, but began normalising relations with the government of Kosovo as a result of the agreement. In Belgrade, the agreement was criticized by protestors as a convalidation of Kosovo independence.
Shiranui Dakuemon
Shiranui Dakuemon (Japanese: 不知火 諾右衛門; October 1801 – August 20, 1854, name also read as Shiranui Nagiemon) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Uto, Higo Province. He was the sport's 8th yokozuna, and is the only yokozuna in history to have been demoted.

Higo Province
Higo Province (肥後国, Higo no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [çiꜜ.ɡo (no kɯ.ɲi), çiꜜ.ŋo-, çi.ɡoꜜ-, çi.ŋoꜜ-]) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū. It was sometimes called Hishū (肥州), with Hizen Province. Higo bordered on Chikugo, Bungo, Hyūga, Ōsumi, and Satsuma Provinces.
The Story of the Man Who Turned into a Dog
The Story of the Man Who Turned into a Dog (Historia del hombre que se convirtió en perro) is a short play written by Osvaldo Dragún as part of his Historias para ser contadas (Stories to be Told), a series of short plays. It is the third short play in the series. The original production premiered  with the independent theatre group Teatro Popular Fray Mocho in 1957. The Story of the Man Who Turned into a Dog, as well as the other Historias can be classified into many genres of theatre, including Theatre of the Absurd, Metatheatre and Magic realism.

Theatre of the absurd
The theatre of the absurd (French: théâtre de l'absurde [teɑtʁ(ə) də lapsyʁd]) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s. It is also a term for the style of theatre the plays represent. The plays focus largely on ideas of existentialism and express what happens when human existence lacks meaning or purpose and communication breaks down. The structure of the plays is typically a round shape, with the finishing point the same as the starting point. Logical construction and argument give way to irrational and illogical speech and to the ultimate conclusion—silence.
Sumerian Six
Sumerian Six is a 2024 stealth-based real-time tactics video game developed by Artificer and published by Devolver Digital.  Players must infiltrate a Nazi castle and stop a scientist from using a doomsday weapon during World War II.

Real-time tactics
Real-time tactics (RTT) is a subgenre of tactical wargames played in real-time, simulating the considerations and circumstances of operational warfare and military tactics. It is differentiated from real-time strategy gameplay by the absence of classic resource micromanagement and base or unit building, and by the greater importance of individual units and a focus on complex battlefield tactics.
Ramage and the Drumbeat
Ramage and the Drum Beat, later republished as Ramage and the drumbeat and as Drumbeat is an historical novel by Dudley Pope, set during 1796 and 1797 amongst the naval warfare of the French Revolutionary Wars. It is the second of the Ramage novels, following on from Ramage. During the book, Ramage becomes an integral part of ensuring British readiness for the Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797).

Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)
The Battle of Cape St. Vincent was a fleet action fought on 14 February 1797 between the British and Spanish navies off Cape St. Vincent as part of the War of the First Coalition. In one of the opening battles of the recently declared war between Britain and Spain, a British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeated a larger Spanish fleet under Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos. The British victory helped to secure Britain's access to the Mediterranean; Jervis and his officers were rewarded for their actions, while Córdoba was dismissed from the Spanish navy and forbidden from appearing at court.
Ageing Well
Ageing Well  (Māori: Kia eke kairangi ki te taikaumātuatanga) was one of New Zealand's eleven collaborative research programmes known as National Science Challenges. Running from 2015 to 2024, the focus of Ageing Well National Science Challenge (AWNSC) research was sustaining health and wellbeing towards the end of life, particularly in Māori and Pacific populations in New Zealand.

National Science Challenges
The National Science Challenges (NSC) were 11 ten-year collaborative science programmes in New Zealand, established in 2014 and ending mid-2024. They were "cross-disciplinary, mission-led programmes designed to tackle New Zealand's biggest science-based challenges", funded through the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Janet E. Steele
Janet E. Steele is a professor of journalism at George Washington University's school of journalism and an author. She published a book with a collection of newspaper articles from Indonesia. She also published a book about Tempo, an Indonesian magazine, during the Soeharto era in Indonesia and wrote a biography of Charles Anderson Dana. It has been described as covering "the complete history of the Sun.

Steele found that experts appearing on television news programs are typically from a cadre of former political and military elites.

She was an assistant professor at the University of Virginia.

Charles Anderson Dana
Charles Anderson Dana (August 8, 1819 – October 17, 1897) was an American journalist, author, and senior government official. He was a top aide to Horace Greeley as the managing editor of the powerful Republican newspaper New-York Tribune until 1862. During the American Civil War, he served as Assistant Secretary of War, playing especially the role of the liaison between the War Department and General Ulysses S. Grant. In 1868 he became the editor and part-owner of The New York Sun. He at first appealed to working class Democrats but after 1890 became a champion of business-oriented conservatism. Dana was an avid art collector of paintings and porcelains and boasted of being in possession of many items not found in several European museums.
Rupert Morris
Rupert Hugh Morris (16 March 1843 – 2 January 1918) was a Welsh clergyman and antiquarian, who was principal of Carmarthen Training College from 1869 to 1876 and headmaster of Godolphin School from 1876 to 1884.  He then spent ten years as chaplain to the Duke of Westminster, before his final position as vicar of a church in Pimlico.

Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster
Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, KG, PC, JP (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled Viscount Belgrave between 1831 and 1845, Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869, and known as The Marquess of Westminster between 1869 and 1874, was an English landowner, politician and racehorse owner. He inherited the estate of Eaton Hall in Cheshire and land in Mayfair and Belgravia, London, and spent much of his fortune in developing these properties. Although he was an MP from the age of 22, and then a member of the House of Lords, his main interests were not in politics, but rather in his estates, in horse racing, and in country pursuits. He developed the stud at Eaton Hall and achieved success in racing his horses, who won the Derby on four occasions.