hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guy Saint-Pierre
Guy Saint-Pierre, CC GOQ (August 3, 1934 – January 23, 2022) was a Canadian entrepreneur, business executive, politician and philanthropist. He is best known for having orchestrated the merger of SNC and Lavalin to create SNC Lavalin, the largest engineering firm in Canada and one of the largest in the world, in 1991. He also became the Chairman of the Board of the Royal Bank of Canada in 2001, being the first French Canadian to hold the position.

AtkinsRéalis
AtkinsRéalis Group Inc., formerly known as SNC-Lavalin Group Inc., is a Canadian company based in Montreal that provides engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) services to various industries, including mining and metallurgy, environment and water, infrastructure, and clean energy. AtkinsRéalis was the largest construction company, by revenue, in Canada, as of 2021.

The firm has approximately 37,000 employees worldwide, with offices in over 50 countries and operations in over 160 countries.
Raphael Vieira de Oliveira
Raphael Vieira de Oliveira (born 14 June 1979) is a former Brazilian volleyball player, a former member of Brazil men's national volleyball team and Italian club BluVolley Verona, a silver medalist of the 2014 World Championship, South American Champion (2005, 2009, 2015).

2015 Men's South American Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Men's South American Volleyball Championship was the 31st edition of the Men's South American Volleyball Championship, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). The tournament was played in Maceió, Brazil. Brazil won its 30th title with Sérgio Santos being elected Most Valuable Player.
Hala Al-Qadi
Hala Al-Qadi (Arabic: حلا القاضي) is a Palestinian karateka. She participates in the women’s kumite −68 kg category. She was widely recognized after winning a bronze medal at the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, making her the first Palestinian woman to win a medal at the Asian Games.

2022 Asian Games
The 2022 Asian Games (2022年亚洲运动会), officially the 19th Asian Games (第十九届亚洲运动会) and also known as Hangzhou 2022 (杭州2022), were a continental multi-sport event which was held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The games marked the 110th anniversary since the creation of the first continental event, starting with the 1913 Far Eastern Championship Games.

Originally scheduled to take place from 10 to 25 September 2022, on 6 May 2022 the Games were postponed to 2023 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The new dates were announced on 19 July 2022, with the Games remaining branded as Hangzhou 2022. Hangzhou was the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing in 1990 and Guangzhou in 2010.
Peltigera hydrophila
Peltigera hydrophila is a species of foliose lichen in the family Peltigeraceae. First described in 2020, it distinguishes itself through a distinct, hairless thallus that turns deep blue-violet when it becomes wet. Found primarily in the Magallanes Region of Chile, this small leafy lichen clings closely to mosses and other substrates. Distinctive features include the always-present reddish-brown to dark brown apothecia and the Peltigera-type ascospores that contain three internal partitions, or septa. Despite sharing a habitat with similar species like P. aubertii and P. frigida, P. hydrophila sets itself apart through its unique thallus surface texture and colour. This semi-aquatic lichen primarily thrives in humid forests, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation in southern Chile, particularly near waterfalls, streams, and other wet environments.

Peltigera
Peltigera is a genus of approximately 100 species of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. Commonly known as the dog or pelt lichens, species of Peltigera are often terricolous (growing on soil), but can also occur on moss, trees, rocks, and many other substrates in many parts of the world.

Most species of Peltigera have the cyanobacterium Nostoc as the dominant photobiont but some have the algae Coccomyxa. The presence of both a green alga and a cyanobacterium makes some tripartite; in this case they show cephalodium growths containing the third partner, Nostoc. Because of their ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, such lichens are influential in soil composition and generation.
Seaborn Roddenbery
Seaborn Anderson Roddenbery (January 12, 1870 - September 25, 1913) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the state of Georgia, known for his proposal of an anti-miscegenation amendment to the United States Constitution. He was elected to the 61st Congress to replace the deceased James M. Griggs, and re-elected to the 62nd and 63rd Congresses before dying in office.

61st United States Congress
The 61st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1909, to March 4, 1911, during the first two years of William H. Taft's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Tynset (novel)
Tynset is a lyrical work of prose published in 1965 by the German writer Wolfgang Hildesheimer. Often described as a novel, although not by Hildesheimer himself, it is a monologue of the thoughts of an insomniac over the course of a sleepless night. The central theme of Tynset, one of Hildesheimer's major works, is resignation in face of an absurd world. The first-person narrator from Tynset is also found in other works by Hildesheimer, and displays similarities with Hildesheimer himself. The work is named after Tynset Municipality in Norway, which the narrator imagines travelling to.

The book was a bestseller upon publication, attracted strong attention in the contemporary press, and was translated into several languages, but did not match the popularity of Hildesheimer's Lieblose Legenden ("Loveless legends"). Hildesheimer was awarded the 1966 Bremen Literature Prize for Tynset.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
2023 Campeonato Uruguayo Primera División
The 2023 Liga Profesional de Primera División season, also known as the Campeonato Uruguayo de Primera División 2023, was the 120th season of the Uruguayan Primera División, Uruguay's top-flight football league, and the 93rd in which it is professional. The season, which was named "100 años del Club Atlético Cerro", began on 4 February and ended on 16 December 2023.

Liverpool won their first league title at the end of the season, defeating Peñarol in the finals by a 3–0 aggregate score. Nacional were the defending champions.

C.A. Cerro
Club Atlético Cerro, usually known simply as Cerro, is a Uruguayan professional football club based in Montevideo that currently plays in the Uruguayan Primera División. Founded in 1922, the club plays its home games at Estadio Luis Tróccoli.

Uruguay's second most important derby is played between Cerro and Rampla Juniors, called "Clásico de la Villa". It is only behind the Uruguayan Clásico between Peñarol and Nacional.
Matty Fozard
Matthew Ian Fozard (born 3 March 1995) is a Wales international rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the Widnes Vikings in the RFL Championship.

He previously played for St Helens in the Super League, and on loan from Saints at the Batley Bulldogs in the Championship and the Rochdale Hornets in Championship 1. Fozard also played for the Sheffield Eagles in the Championship and previously played for the Broncos in the Super League and the Championship.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Glutathionylspermidine synthase
In enzymology, a glutathionylspermidine synthase (EC 6.3.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

glutathione + spermidine + ATP  glutathionylspermidine + ADP + phosphate

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are glutathione, spermidine, and ATP, whereas its 3 products are glutathionylspermidine, ADP, and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-nitrogen bonds as acid-D-ammonia (or amine) ligases (amide synthases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming) [spermidine is numbered so that atom N-1 is in the amino group of the aminopropyl part of the molecule]. This enzyme is also called glutathione:spermidine ligase (ADP-forming).  This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, magnesium.

Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH, /ˌɡluːtəˈθaɪoʊn/) is a small protein made of the amino acids glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides, and heavy metals.

It is synthesized by attaching cysteine to the carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain with a gamma peptide linkage, and to glycine with a normal peptide linkage.
Pfizer UK
Pfizer UK (officially Pfizer Ltd) is the principal subsidiary of the multinational pharmaceutical company Pfizer in the United Kingdom.

Pfizer UK has its business headquarters in Tadworth, Surrey, major offices in Maidenhead, Berkshire, research and development facilities in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Sandwich, Kent, and a manufacturing and distribution site in Havant, Hampshire.

Tadworth
Tadworth is a large suburban village in Surrey, England in the south-east of the Epsom Downs, part of the North Downs. It forms part of the Borough of Reigate and Banstead. At the 2021 census, Tadworth (and Walton-on-the-Hill) had a population of 7,095.
RD-119
The RD-119 (GRAU Index 8D710) was a liquid rocket engine, burning liquid oxygen and UDMH in the gas-generator cycle. It has a huge expansion ratio on the nozzle and uses a unique propellant combination to achieve an extremely high isp of 352 s for a semi-cryogenic gas-generator engine. It also has a unique steering mechanism. The engine main nozzle is fixed, and the output of the gas generator is fed into four nozzles on the side of the engine. Instead of using gimbaled verniers to supply vector control, the combustion gases are distributed by an electrically driven system that can control the thrust among the nozzles.

Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear, pale cyan liquid form of dioxygen O2. It was used as the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing.
Bédeilhac Cave
The Bédeilhac Cave (French: Grotte de Bédeilhac) is a large decorated  cave located in the commune of Bédeilhac-et-Aynat in Ariège, France. It is part of the network of decorated caves in the Pyrenees-Cantabrian Mountains chain.

Cave painting
In archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The term usually implies prehistoric origin. Several groups of scientists suggest that the oldest of such paintings were created not by Homo sapiens, but by Denisovans and Neanderthals.

Discussion around prehistoric art is important in understanding the history of Homo sapiens and how human beings have come to have unique abstract thoughts. Some point to these prehistoric paintings as possible examples of creativity, spirituality, and sentimental thinking in prehistoric humans.
Peter J. M. Squires
Air Vice-Marshal Peter James Murray Squires, OBE, ADC (born 1968) is a senior Royal Air Force officer, who served as the Commander of British Forces Cyprus until March 2025. From August 2016 to October 2019 he served as Commandant of RAF College Cranwell. He was formerly a Harrier pilot and served as commander of No. 100 Squadron RAF, flying BAE Systems Hawks.

BAE Systems Hawk
The BAE Systems Hawk is a British single-engine, subsonic, jet-powered advanced trainer aircraft. Its aluminium alloy fuselage is of conventional string-frame construction. It was first known as the Hawker Siddeley Hawk, and subsequently produced by its successor companies, British Aerospace and BAE Systems. It has been used in a training capacity and as a low-cost combat aircraft.

Operators of the Hawk include the Royal Air Force (notably the Red Arrows display team) and several foreign military operators. The Hawk was produced at BAE Brough until 2020 in the UK, and continues to be produced under licence in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), with over 1000 Hawks sold to 18 operators around the world.
Jeremiah Dodge
Jeremiah Edwin Dodge (February 20, 1809 – March 24, 1877) was an American farmer, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He served three terms in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing central Grant County during the 1850, 1853, and 1868 sessions.  Originally a Democrat, he became a Republican after the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.

Grant County, Wisconsin
Grant County is the most southwestern county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,938. Its county seat is Lancaster and its largest city is Platteville. The county is named after the Grant River, in turn named after a fur trader who lived in the area when Wisconsin was a territory. Grant County comprises the Platteville Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the tri-state area of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa, and is crossed by travelers commuting to Madison, Wisconsin, from a number of eastern Iowan cities, and by residents of northern Illinois traveling to the Twin Cities or La Crosse, Wisconsin.
Median polish
The median polish is a simple and robust exploratory data analysis procedure proposed by the statistician John Tukey. The purpose of median polish is to find an additively-fit model for data in a two-way layout table (usually, results from a factorial experiment) of the form row effect + column effect + overall median.

Median polish utilizes the medians obtained from the rows and the columns of a two-way table to iteratively calculate the row effect and column effect on the data. The results are not meant to be sensitive to the outliers, as the iterative procedure uses the medians rather than the means.

John Tukey
John Wilder Tukey (/ˈtuːki/; June 16, 1915 – July 26, 2000) was an American mathematician and statistician, best known for the development of the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and the box plot. The Tukey range test, the Tukey lambda distribution, the Tukey test of additivity, and the Teichmüller–Tukey lemma all bear his name. He is also credited with coining the term bit and the first published use of the word software.
Hugo Ellis
Hugo Ellis (born 4 February 1988, in Isleworth, London, England) is a rugby union player who plays as a back-row forward for Rosslyn Park. He is a former pupil of St Benedict's School, Ealing.

In June 2010 Ellis joined Newport Gwent Dragons. He was released by Newport Gwent Dragons at the end of the 2011–12 season.

As well as playing club rugby, Ellis has also been capped by England U-20 – helping them to win the 2008 U-20 Six Nations title.

His brother Arthur Ellis is also a rugby player, currently with Ealing Trailinders, while their father Wyn Ellis played for Neath.

2008 Six Nations Under 20s Championship
The 2008 Six Nations Under 20s Championship was the first Six Nations Under 20s Championship, a rugby union competition for under-20 national teams, played between February and March 2008. This was the first competition of the new under-20s tournament, following the merger of the under-19 and under-21 tournaments. England won the tournament along with the Grand Slam and Triple Crown.
Second City derby
In English football, the Second City derby or Birmingham derby is the local derby between the two major clubs in the city of Birmingham—Aston Villa F.C. and Birmingham City F.C.—first contested in 1879. Villa play at Villa Park while Birmingham play at St Andrew's, the two grounds separated by roughly 2.4 miles (3.9 km). It is known as the Second City Derby based on Birmingham being referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom. The two clubs are generally regarded as each other's most fierce rivals. In addition both sides have affiliated women's sides, Aston Villa W.F.C. and Birmingham City W.F.C.

On 10 March 2019, Jack Grealish was "punched from behind by a pitch invader" during the derby match at St Andrew's. Later in the second half, Grealish scored to give Villa a 1–0 victory. Following Villa's promotion to the Premier League, the teams have not met since.

Birmingham City W.F.C.
Birmingham City Women F.C. is an English women's football club affiliated with Birmingham City F.C. As founding members of the FA Women's Super League in 2011, the team currently plays in the second-highest division of women's football in England. The team plays their home games at St Andrew's, the home of Birmingham City F.C.
H. J. Holden
Henry James Holden (18 July 1859 – 6 March 1926) was an Australian businessman, a partner in Holden & Frost, which became the automobile manufacturer Holden. He was a longstanding member of the Kensington and Norwood Corporation, and served as mayor for nine years.

City of Kensington and Norwood
The City of Kensington and Norwood, originally the Corporate Town of Kensington and Norwood, was a local government area in South Australia from 1853 to 1997, centred on the inner eastern Adelaide suburbs of Kensington and Norwood. In November 1997 it amalgamated with the City of Payneham and the Town of St Peters to form the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters.
Nedra Volz
Nedra Volz (née Gordonier; June 18, 1908 – January 20, 2003) was an American actress. On television, she portrayed Aunt Iola on All in the Family, Adelaide Brubaker on Diff'rent Strokes, Emma Tisdale on The Dukes of Hazzard, Pearl Sperling on The Fall Guy, and Winona Beck on Filthy Rich. Her film roles include Big Ed in Lust in the Dust (1985), Loretta Houk in Moving Violations (1985), and Lana in Earth Girls Are Easy (1988).

The Fall Guy
The Fall Guy is an American action-adventure television series produced for ABC and originally broadcast from November 4, 1981, to May 2, 1986. It stars Lee Majors, Douglas Barr, and Heather Thomas as Hollywood stunt performers who moonlight as bounty hunters.
Erythema multiforme minor
Erythema multiforme (EM) is usually a reaction of the skin and mucous membranes that occurs suddenly. It appears as a symmetrical rash and may include the mucous membrane lesions. This means that the body is sensitive to something that causes the skin and mucous membranes to react.

The more common mild form is refer to as EM minor. It consists of a skin rash that involve no more than one mucosal surface. The sudden onset will progress rapidly as symmetrical lesions with circular color changes in some or all of the lesions. Rash will spread towards center or trunk of the body. Evenly distributed bumps on the skin become classic iris or target lesions. They have bright red borders and small white bumps in the center.

Erythema multiforme minor is sometimes divided into papular and vesiculobullous forms.

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
Palace of the Silver Princess
Palace of the Silver Princess is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set. It was recalled on the same day it was released, then rewritten and re-released some months later. The original version, with an orange cover, was written in 1980 by Jean Wells. When the orange version was recalled (and most copies destroyed), the module was rewritten by Tom Moldvay and released with a green cover. Writing credit on the second version was given to both Moldvay and Wells, although there was very little of Wells' original content in Moldvay's version.

Palace of the Silver Princess contains a single D&D adventure laid out in a format suitable for a single gaming session. The module includes game maps on the unattached outside cover.

Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set
The Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set is a set of rulebooks for the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. First published in 1977, it saw a handful of revisions and reprintings. The first edition was written by J. Eric Holmes based on Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson's original work. Later editions were edited by Tom Moldvay, Frank Mentzer, Troy Denning, and Doug Stewart.

The Basic Set details the essential concepts of the D&D game. It provides the rules for character creation and advancement for player characters at beginning levels. It also includes information on how to play adventures inside dungeons for both players and the Dungeon Master.