hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Athol Joyce
Thomas Athol Joyce OBE FRAI (4 August 1878 – 3 January 1942) was a British anthropologist. He became an acknowledged expert on American and African Anthropology at the British Museum. He led expeditions to excavate Maya sites in British Honduras. He wrote articles for the Encyclopædia Britannica including "Negro" which was derided in 1915 for its assumption of racial inferiority. He was the President of both the Royal Anthropological Institute and the Anthropological section of the British Association.

British Science Association
The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science. Until 2009 it was known as the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BA). The current Chief Executive is Hannah Russell. The BSA's mission is to get more people engaged in the field of science by coordinating, delivering, and overseeing different projects that are suited to achieve these goals. The BSA "envisions a society in which a diverse group of people can learn and apply the sciences in which they learn." and is managed by a professional staff located at their Head Office in the Wellcome Wolfson Building. The BSA offers a wide variety of activities and events that both recognise and encourage people to be involved in science. These include the British Science Festival, British Science Week, the CREST Awards, For Thought, The Ideas Fund, along with regional and local events.
Tarará
Tarará is a gated resort town in the municipality of Habana del Este in the city of Havana, Cuba. It is about 19 km east of the city centre and west of other beaches including Santa Maria del Mar and Guanabo.

Guanabo
Guanabo is a beach town in the Ciudad de la Habana Province of Cuba. It is a ward (consejo popular) located within the municipality of Habana del Este halfway between the centre of Havana and Santa Cruz del Norte, at the mouth of the Guanabo River, between the Atlantic Ocean coast and the Sierra del Canchón (mountain range).
Vincenzo Chiarugi
Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820) was an Italian physician who helped introduce humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of people with mental disorders. His early part in a movement towards moral treatment was relatively overlooked until a gradual reassessment through the 20th century left his reforms described as a landmark in the history of psychiatry. He also specialized in dermatology and wrote on other subjects.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
2017 Ford EcoBoost 200
The 2017 Ford EcoBoost 200 was the 23rd and final stock car race of the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the sixth race of the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series playoffs, the championship 4 race, and the 22nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, November 17, 2017, in Homestead, Florida at Homestead–Miami Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 134 laps to complete. At race's end, Chase Briscoe, driving for Brad Keselowski Racing, would dominate the race to win his first career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win and his only win of the season.

Meanwhile, second-place finisher, Kyle Busch Motorsports driver Christopher Bell, would clinch his first NASCAR Camping World Truck Series championship by finishing second, behind Briscoe.

Christopher Bell (racing driver)
Christopher David Bell (born December 16, 1994) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 20 Toyota Camry XSE for Joe Gibbs Racing and part-time in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota GR Supra for JGR. He is the 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Champion.
Hanut Singh (soldier)
Lieutenant General Hanut Singh Rathore, PVSM MVC(6 July 1933 – 10 April 2015) was an Indian General Officer. He was a recipient of India's second highest military decoration, the Maha Vir Chakra, for his role in the Battle of Basantar during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Battle of Basantar
The Battle of Basantar, also known as the Battle of Shakargarh or Battle of Barapind (December 4–16, 1971), was one of the vital battles fought as part of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the western sector of India. The Indian troops won a hard-fought battle that secured this area in the Punjab/Jammu sector. The name Battle of Basantar actually encompasses the entire gamut of battles and skirmishes fought in the Shakargarh sector in the 1971 war.
Kamen (volcano)
Kamen (Russian: Камень, literally Stone) is a dormant stratovolcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, flanked by Bezymianny and Kluchevskaya. It is the second highest volcano of Kamchatka and sits above a shield volcano next to its neighboring volcanos. While the proximity between Kamen and its neighbors are relatively close, the lavas produced by all of them is different.

Tolbachik
Tolbachik (Russian: Толбачик) is a volcanic complex on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east of Russia.  It consists of two volcanoes, Plosky (flat) Tolbachik (3,085 m) and Ostry (sharp) Tolbachik (3,672 m), which as the names suggest are respectively a flat-topped shield volcano and a peaked stratovolcano. As Ostry is the mountain's highest point, the entire mountain is often referred to as "Ostry Tolbachik", not to be confused with Ostry, a separate volcano to the north also on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
2005 Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana
The 2005 Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana was an Association of Tennis Professionals men's tennis tournament held in Valencia, Spain that was part of the International Series of the 2005 ATP Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from 4 April until 11 April 2005. Seventh-seeded Igor Andreev won the singles title.

Igor Andreev
Igor Valeryevich Andreev (Russian: И́горь Вале́рьевич Андре́ев, BGN/PCGN: Andreyev, ISO 9: Andreev, listenⓘ; born 14 July 1983) is a Russian tennis coach and a former professional player. He won three ATP Tour singles titles, reached the quarterfinals of the 2007 French Open and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 18 in November 2008.
Liliane Weissberg
Liliane Weissberg (born 1953) is an American literary scholar and cultural historian specializing in German-Jewish studies and German and American literature. She is currently the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor in Arts and Sciences and professor of German and Comparative Literature at the University of Pennsylvania. She received, among others, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Humboldt Research Award for her research on German-Jewish literature and culture and the Berlin Prize of the American Academy in Berlin, and holds an honorary degree from the University of Graz.

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
3rd Army (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
The 3rd Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation commanded by Armijski đeneral Ilija Brašić during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II. It consisted of two reinforced infantry divisions, two infantry divisions, and a brigade-strength horsed cavalry detachment. It formed part of the 3rd Army Group, and was responsible for the Yugoslav-Albania border between Lake Ohrid and Lake Skadar.

Lake Skadar
Lake Skadar or Lake Scutari (Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, pronounced [liˈcɛni i ˈʃkɔdrəs]; Montenegrin: Скадарско језеро, Skadarsko jezero, pronounced [skâdarskɔː jɛ̂zɛrɔ]) – also called Lake Shkodra and Lake Shkodër – lies on the border of Albania and Montenegro, and is the largest lake in Southern Europe. It is named after the Albanian city of Shkodër which lies at its southeastern coast. It is a karst lake.

The Montenegrin section of the lake and surrounding land have been designated as a national park, while the Albanian part constitutes a nature reserve and a Ramsar site.
Iyo-Tachikawa Station
Iyo-Tachikawa Station (伊予立川駅, Iyo-Tachikawa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of  Uchiko, Kita District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "U09".

Ehime Prefecture
Ehime Prefecture (愛媛県, Ehime-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast. Ehime Prefecture also borders Hiroshima Prefecture for 74 metres (243 ft) on Hyōtanjima.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).
Perry Meridian High School
Perry Meridian High School is a high school in Indianapolis, Indiana.  It is one of two public high schools serving grades nine through twelve in the Perry Township, along with Southport High School. Enrollment surpassed 2,350 students during the 2019–2020 school year, with Asian, African-American, Hispanic and multi-racial students making up a slight majority of the high school population. More than 20,000 Burmese (Chin) refugees and extended family members have moved to the Southside since 2000, boosting Perry Meridian's Asian-American population above 25 percent overall by 2019.

Perry Meridian High School is part of Perry Township Schools.

The school colors are Navy Blue, Powder Blue and Silver. The school mascot is the Falcon.

Southport High School
Southport High School is a public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.  Located in Perry Township, on the south side of the city, Southport is a part of the Perry Township Schools.
Periodisation of the history of Belize
The periodisation of the history of Belize is the division of Belizean, Maya, and Mesoamerican history into named blocks of time, spanning the arrival of Palaeoindians to the present time. The pre-Columbian era is most often periodised by Mayanists, who often employ four or five periods to discuss history prior to the arrival of Spaniards. The Columbian era is most often periodised by historians, and less often by Mayanists, who often employ at least four periods to discuss history up to the present time.

Periodization
In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis. This is usually done to understand current and historical processes, and the causality that might have linked those events.

Periodizations can provide a convenient segmentation of time, wherein events within the period might consist of relatively similar characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending of any 'period' is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time and over the course of history. Systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary, yet it provides a framework to help us understand them. Periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, period "brands" are so convenient that many are hard to change.
Sorry, I Didn't Know
Sorry, I Didn't Know is a British panel show broadcast on ITV, in which panelists answer questions about Black history. A pilot aired on ITV2 in 2016 and the first series of four episodes aired in October 2020, as part of Black History Month. The programme is hosted by Jimmy Akingbola and has team captains Chizzy Akudolu and Judi Love. A second series of five episodes began in October 2021. A third series premiered on 2 October 2022, with Akingbola, Akudolu, and new team captain Eddie Kadi.

Black History Month
Black History Month is an annually observed commemorative month originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It began as a way of remembering important people and events in African-American history, before it spread to other countries where it could celebrate black people worldwide. It initially lasted a week before becoming a month-long observation since 1970. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, where it has received official recognition from governments, and more recently has also been celebrated in Ireland and the United Kingdom where it is observed in October.
Galician Americans
Galician Americans (Galician: Galego-estadounidenses, Spanish: Gallego-estadounidenses) are Americans of Galician descent.

The Galicians (Galician: Galegos; Spanish: Gallegos) are a cultural and ethnolinguistic group whose historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula (Europe). Galician and Castilian are the official languages of the Autonomous Community of Galicia.

Galician migration to the United States took place mainly between 1868 and 1930, although there was a second smaller wave in the late 1940s and 1950s, when Galicians managed to form a small community in Newark.

There are some notable Galician-born persons who have lived or are now residing in the US, such as musician Cristina Pato or teacher Anxo Brea, but they may do so temporarily and without being naturalized American. The list below refers to US-born or U.S. citizens of Galician ancestry.

Cristina Pato
Cristina Pato Lorenzo (born August 17, 1980) is a Galician bagpiper, pianist and writer. Cristina has served as a visiting professor and artist-in-residence at New York University (NYU), Harvard University, and the University of California, Santa Barbara. Additionally, she collaborated for over fifteen years with Silkroad (arts organization), the non-profit organization founded by cellist Yo-Yo Ma.
Jesper Nelin
Jesper Nelin (born 3 October 1992) is a Swedish biathlete and Olympic gold medalist in men's relay. He made his World Cup debut in December 2015 and competed in his first World Championships in Oslo 2016. He represented Sweden at the 2018, 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics.

His Olympic results include winning a gold medal in the biathlon relay in 2018 with the Swedish team, along with Peppe Femling, Sebastian Samuelsson, and Fredrik Lindström.

Fredrik Lindström (biathlete)
Fredrik Lindström (born 24 July 1989) is a Swedish former biathlete from Bredbyn. He made his World Cup debut on 12 December 2008 in Hochfilzen, where he ended up in 47th place.

He represented Sweden at three Winter Olympics; 2010, 2014 and 2018. His best result is a victory in the men's relay in 2018. Lindström also won 2 medals individually in the World Championships: bronze in mass start in 2012 and bronze in the individual in 2013.

On 17 March 2019, he announced his retirement from biathlon following the 2018–2019 season.
Tillie Ehringhaus
Matilda Bradford "Tillie" Ehringhaus (née Haughton; October 23, 1890 – June 16, 1980) was an American civic leader who, as the wife of John C. B. Ehringhaus, served as First Lady of North Carolina from 1933 to 1937. Since her time in the North Carolina Executive Mansion was marked by the Great Depression, she made budget cuts and adaptations around the mansion to save money for the state, including having the wattage of the chandeliers lowered so that the electric bill would not exceed monthly expenses. As first lady, she hosted musical salons and was noted for her beauty and charm. After her husband's death, Ehringhaus co-edited the North Carolina Almanac and State Industrial Guide and, in 1952, served as an alternate delegate to the Democratic National Convention.

Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people held by a host. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to please or to educate" (Latin: aut delectare aut prodesse). Salons in the tradition of the French literary and philosophical movements of the 17th and 18th centuries are still being conducted.
Greg Thompson
Gregory Francis Thompson, PC (March 28, 1947 – September 10, 2019) was a Canadian politician who served six terms as a Member of Parliament (MP), and for one term he represented the district of Saint Croix in the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, from 2018 until 2019.

Saint Croix (electoral district)
Saint Croix is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada. The district includes the Town of St. Stephen and the town of St. Andrews.

It was created as Western Charlotte in 1994 by merging the old districts of Charlotte West and St. Stephen-Milltown save for Deer Island and Campobello Island which became part of Fundy Isles, the rather atypical name of "Western Charlotte" was chosen to prevent confusion with the old smaller district of "Charlotte West". The riding also added a small piece of territory from Charlotte Centre.

In 2006, the district again added Campobello Island and the name was changed from Western Charlotte to Charlotte-Campobello.

In 2013, the district expanded northward adding the McAdam area.

In 2016, the riding was renamed Saint Croix.
2003 Open Championship
The 2003 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 132nd Open Championship, held from 17 to 20 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Ben Curtis won his only major title, one stroke ahead of runners-up Thomas Bjørn and Vijay Singh. Bjørn had led in the final round by two shots with three holes to play, but needed three attempts to play out of a greenside bunker on the 16th hole. Playing in his first major championship and number 396 in the world rankings, Curtis became the first debut winner at The Open since Tom Watson in 1975.

Vijay Singh
Vijay Singh CF (Fiji Hindi: विजय सिंह pronounced [ˈʋɪdʒəj sɪ̃ɦ]; born 22 February 1963) is a Fijian professional golfer. In 1982, Singh turned professional and played on the local Asia Golf Circuit. However, his early career met with controversy, as he was accused of numerous rules violations, and he was banned from the AGC. Singh turned to Africa and Europe where he had much success on the respective tours, the Safari Circuit and European Tour, winning several times on each. In 1993, he won the PGA Tour's Buick Classic, earning him tour membership and ultimately Rookie of the Years honors. In 1998, he won his first major championship, the PGA Championship, and two years later the Masters. In 2004, Singh had one of the best seasons in the history of golf, winning nine times including the PGA Championship, overtaking Tiger Woods as the #1 golfer in the world.
Du Zeng
Du Zeng (died 28 June 319) was a Chinese military general and rebel of the Jin dynasty (266–420). In 312, he joined his fellow general, Hu Kang (胡亢), in rebelling against Jin from Jingling Commandery (竟陵, roughly modern Jingmen, Hubei), but later killed him and assumed leadership of the rebellion. Du Zeng was a thorn in the side of Jin as he often defeated their forces and held out in Jing province for many years. Eventually, he was decisively defeated by the general, Zhou Fang in 317, before being captured and executed in 319.

Wang Dun
Wang Dun (Chinese: 王敦) (266 – c.early August 324), courtesy name Chuzhong (處仲), nickname Ahei (阿黑), was a Chinese military general and warlord during the Jin dynasty.

Having brought Emperor Yuan (Sima Rui) to submission with his military force, Wang Dun had paramount authority.  However, although he later appeared to intend to seize the Jin throne by force, he grew ill in 324. He later died as his forces were being repelled by Emperor Ming.
Crisbecq Battery
The Crisbecq Battery (sometimes called Marcouf Battery) was a German World War II artillery battery constructed by the Todt Organization near the French village of Saint-Marcouf in the department of Manche in the north-east of Cotentin peninsula in Normandy. It formed a part of Nazi Germany's Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications. The main armament were three Czechoslovak 21 cm Kanone 39 cannons, two of which housed in heavily fortified casemates up to 10 feet thick of concrete. The battery, with a range of 27–33 kilometers (17–21 miles), could cover the beaches between Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue and Pointe du Hoc.

The battery engaged US ships on D-Day (6 June 1944) and was evacuated by the Germans on 11 June 1944 and took no further part in the Normandy landings.

21 cm Kanone 39
The 21 cm Kanone 39 (K 39) was a Czech-designed heavy gun used by the Germans in the Second World War. Two were built before the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939 and seized the rest of the guns and kept it in production for their own use, eventually building a total of 60 guns for themselves. They saw action in Operation Barbarossa, the siege of Odessa, siege of Leningrad and the siege of Sevastopol and were used on coast defence duties.
Arv Garrison
Arvin Charles Garrison (August 17, 1922 – July 30, 1960) was an American jazz guitarist. He was born in Toledo, Ohio, and spent most of his life there.

Garrison taught himself ukulele at age nine and played guitar for dances and local functions beginning at the age of twelve. He led his own band at a hotel in Albany, New York, in 1941. He married a double bassist and performed with her in a group under her name, the Vivien Garry Trio. They recorded one album.

In 1946, Garrison recorded sessions with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie in Los Angeles, sharing the studio with Miles Davis, Dodo Marmarosa, and Lucky Thompson. As part of the Earle Spencer orchestra, he played in a guitar section that included Irving Ashby and Barney Kessel.

In the 1950s he returned to Toledo and played locally. In 1960, while he was swimming, he died when he had an epileptic seizure in the water.

Charlie Parker
Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of bebop, a form of jazz characterized by fast tempos, virtuosic technique, and advanced harmonies. He was a virtuoso and introduced revolutionary rhythmic and harmonic ideas into jazz, including rapid passing chords, new variants of altered chords, and chord substitutions. Parker primarily played the alto saxophone.

Parker was an icon for the hipster subculture and later the Beat Generation, personifying the jazz musician as an uncompromising artist and intellectual rather than just an entertainer.