hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ischioceratops
Ischioceratops (lit. 'ischium-horned face') is an extinct genus of small herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur that lived approximately 77.3-73.5 million years ago during the latter part of the Cretaceous Period in what is now China.

Ischioceratops was a small sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, whose total body length has been estimated to be about 2 m (6.6 ft). The ceratopsians were a group of dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which fed on vegetation and thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period, which ended approximately 66 million years ago, at which point they all became extinct. Its name means "ischium horned face", referring to the peculiar shape of the ischiatic bones.

Ischioceratops existed in the Wangshi Group during the late Cretaceous. It lived alongside centrosaurines, saurolophines, and tyrannosaurines. The most common creatures in the formation were Sinoceratops and Zhuchengtyrannus.

Ischium
The ischium (/ˈɪski.əm/; pl.: ischia) is a paired bone forming the lower and back part of the hip bone.

Situated below the ilium and behind the pubis, it is one of three regions whose fusion creates the coxal bone. The superior portion of this region forms approximately one-third of the acetabulum.
Kleiner Odenwald
The Kleiner Odenwald (“Little Odenwald”) is the southern part of the central German hill range, the Odenwald, and is up to 567.8 m above sea level (NHN). It is also part of the natural region of Sandstein-Odenwald in the north of the state of Baden-Württemberg. Lying east-southeast of Heidelberg and south of the River Neckar, which separates the Kleiner Odenwald from the rest of the Odenwald, its landscape is shaped by the underlying sandstone that also dominates the northern Odenwald.

Normalhöhennull
Normalhöhennull (German pronunciation: [nɔʁmaːlˈhøːənˌnʊl], "standard elevation zero") or NHN is a vertical datum used in Germany.

In geographical terms, NHN is the reference plane for the normal height of a topographical eminence height above mean sea level used in the 1932 German Mean Height Reference System (Deutsches Haupthöhennetz). The plane is in the shape of a quasi-geoid. The reference height is a geodetic, fixed point on the New Church of St. Alexander at Wallenhorst in the German state of Lower Saxony. The geopotential height of this point was calculated in 1986 as part of the United European Levelling Network (UELN), based on the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum.
Riesz–Thorin theorem
In mathematical analysis, the Riesz–Thorin theorem, often referred to as the Riesz–Thorin interpolation theorem or the Riesz–Thorin convexity theorem, is a result about interpolation of operators.  It is named after Marcel Riesz and his student G. Olof Thorin.

This theorem bounds the norms of linear maps acting between Lp spaces. Its usefulness stems from the fact that some of these spaces have rather simpler structure than others. Usually that refers to L2 which is a Hilbert space, or to L1 and L∞. Therefore one may prove theorems about the more complicated cases by proving them in two simple cases and then using the Riesz–Thorin theorem to pass from the simple cases to the complicated cases. The Marcinkiewicz theorem is similar but applies also to a class of non-linear maps.

Plancherel theorem
In mathematics, the Plancherel theorem (sometimes called the Parseval–Plancherel identity) is a result in harmonic analysis, proven by Michel Plancherel in 1910. It is a generalization of Parseval's theorem; often used in the fields of science and engineering, proving the unitarity of the Fourier transform.

The theorem states that the integral of a function's squared modulus is equal to the integral of the squared modulus of its frequency spectrum. That is, if  is a function on the real line, and  is its frequency spectrum, then
Provença–Diagonal station
Provença and Diagonal are two connected rapid transit stations that form a major transport hub in Barcelona's Eixample district. Provença is served by the FGC-operated Line 6 and Line 7 of the Barcelona Metro and the suburban rail lines S1 and S2 of the Barcelona-Vallès Line. Diagonal is an important interchange station of the TMB-operated Barcelona Metro network, served by Line 3 and Line 5.

The underground station complex spans beneath several major streets, including Rambla de Catalunya, Passeig de Gràcia and Carrer de Balmes. These streets intersect both Avinguda Diagonal and Carrer de Provença, after which the stations are named.

Diagonal was the second most used station of the TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines in 2024, with over 16 million passengers.

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Eastern Calatan: [ˌfɛrukəˈrilz ðə lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə], "Catalan Government Railways"; Spanish: Ferrocarriles de la Generalidad de Cataluña), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia, Spain.

The lines operated include metro and commuter lines in and around the city of Barcelona, tourist mountain railways, and rural railway lines. They include 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge route, 140 kilometres (87 mi) of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge route, 42 kilometres (26 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge route, and 89 kilometres (55 mi) of broad gauge route, making the FGC one of the few railway companies to operate on four different gauges.

Whilst most lines are conventional adhesion railways, the FGC also operates two rack railways and four funicular railways.

In 2018, the network carried 87.2 million passengers.
Connor Heyward
Connor Heyward (born January 22, 1999) is an American professional football fullback and tight end for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans. Heyward is the son of Pro Bowl NFL player Craig Heyward and the younger brother of All-Pro NFL player Cameron Heyward.

Michigan State Spartans football
The Michigan State Spartans football program represents Michigan State University (MSU) in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) level. The Spartans are members of the Big Ten Conference. Michigan State claims a total of six national championships, including two (1952, 1965) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll. The Spartans have also won eleven conference championships, with two in the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and nine in the Big Ten.

Home games of the Spartans are played at Spartan Stadium, which is located on the main university campus. Spartan Stadium is consistently ranked among the NCAA's top 25 in attendance. The Spartans are currently coached by Pat Fitzgerald.
Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums
Urkunden des ægyptischen Altertums is a series of editions of Ancient Egyptian texts, published between 1903–1961.

The series comprises eight volumes:

I. Urkunden des Alten Reichs (Old Kingdom)

II. Hieroglyphische Urkunden der Griechisch-Römischen Zeit (Greek and Roman periods)

III. Urkunden der Älteren Athiopenkönige (Nubian Dynasty), ed. Heinrich Schäfer 1905

IV. Urkunden der 18. Dynastie (18th Dynasty), ed. Hans Wolfgang Helck 1955–1958

V. Religiöse Urkunden (religious texts)

VI. Urkunden Mythologischen Inhalts (mythological texts)

VII. Urkunden des Mittleren Reiches (Middle Kingdom)

VIII. Historisch-biographische Urkunden der Zeit zwischen AR u. MR.  (First Intermediate Period)

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty spanned the period from 1550/1549 to 1292 BC. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmoside Dynasty: 156  for the four pharaohs named Thutmose.

Several of Egypt's most famous pharaohs were from the Eighteenth Dynasty, including Tutankhamun (c. 1341 BC – c. 1323 BC). Other famous pharaohs of the dynasty include Hatshepsut (c. 1479 BC–1458 BC), the longest-reigning woman pharaoh of an indigenous dynasty, and Akhenaten (c. 1353–1336 BC), the "heretic pharaoh", with his Great Royal Wife, Nefertiti.

The Eighteenth Dynasty is unique among indigenous Egyptian dynasties in that it had two queens regnant women who ruled as pharaohs: Hatshepsut and Neferneferuaten, usually identified as Nefertiti.
Ian Whimster
Ian Wesley Whimster MRCPath (3 September 1923 – 18 January 1979) was a reader of dermatology histopathology at St Thomas' Hospital, London. He gained international recognition for his study of comparative anatomy and experiments with reptiles, particularly observing their colour patterns in relation to their nerve supply. He was part of the medical student team that went into Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945, after it was liberated by British troops. On return, he made numerous contributions to dermatology, including the definition of keratoacanthoma, the distinction between pemphigus and pemphigoid and descriptions of melanocytes and melanoma. He died in a road traffic accident at the age of 55.

Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Explorer 21
Explorer 21, also called IMP-B, IMP-2 and Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-2, was a NASA satellite launched as part of Explorer program. Explorer 21 was launched on 4 October 1964, at 03:45:00 GMT from Cape Canaveral (CCAFS), Florida, with a Thor-Delta C launch vehicle. Explorer 21 was the second satellite of the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform, and used the same general design as its predecessor, Explorer 18 (IMP-A), launched the previous year, in November 1963. The following Explorer 28 (IMP-C), launched in May 1965, also used a similar design.

Explorers Program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Launched in 1958, Explorer 1 was the first spacecraft of the United States to achieve orbit. Over 90 space missions have been launched since. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Launchers for the Explorers Program have included Juno I, Juno II, various Thor, Scout, Delta and Pegasus launch vehicles, and Falcon 9.

The program has three classes: Medium-Class Explorers (MIDEX), Small Explorers (SMEX), and University-Class Explorers (UNEX), with select Missions of Opportunity operated with other agencies.
Petro Balabuyev
Petro Vasylovych Balabuyev (Ukrainian: Петро Васильович Балабуєв, 23 March 1931 – 17 May 2007) was a Ukrainian aircraft designer, engineer, Doctor of Engineering (1988), professor, chief designer of the Antonov Design Bureau (1984 – May 2005), Hero of Socialist Labour and a Hero of Ukraine, head of Kyiv-based Antonov Aircraft for 20 years.

Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (Russian: Герой Социалистического Труда, romanized: Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.
Shinmei Shell Mound
The Shinmei Shell Midden (神明貝塚, Shinmei kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Nishioyanoi neighborhood of the city of Kasukabe, Saitama Prefecture, in the Kantō region of Japan containing am early Jōmon period shell midden and settlement ruin. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2020.

Midden
A midden is an old dump for domestic waste. It may consist of animal bones, human excrement, botanical material, mollusc shells, potsherds, lithics (especially debitage), and other artifacts and biofacts associated with past human occupation.

These features provide a useful resource for archaeologists to study the diets and habits of past societies. Middens with damp, anaerobic conditions can even preserve organic remains in deposits as the debris of daily life are tossed on the pile. Each individual toss will contribute a different mix of materials depending upon the activity associated with that particular toss. During the course of deposition, sediment is deposited as well. Different mechanisms, from wind and water to animal digs, create a matrix which can also be analysed to provide seasonal and climatic information. In some middens individual dumps of material can be discerned and analysed.
LPX (form factor)
LPX (short for low profile extension) was a loosely defined motherboard format (form factor) widely used from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. The format was originally developed by Western Digital who based their design off the IBM PS/2 Model 30. A defining feature of motherboards with the LPX form factor is the integration of controllers and ports, which used to be separate add-ons on the earlier AT and Baby AT motherboards, as well as riser cards and slimline power supplies. The use of a riser card to horizontally position expansion cards allowed computer cases designed around LPX motherboards to be much smaller than earlier AT-based cases.

Power supply unit (computer)
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a desktop computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the main voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.1 as of mid 2025.
Rhinelander Waldo
Rhinelander Waldo (May 24, 1877 – August 13, 1927) was appointed the seventh New York City Fire Commissioner by Mayor William Jay Gaynor on January 13, 1910. He resigned on May 23, 1911, less than two months after the deadly Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, to accept an appointment as the eighth New York City Police Commissioner. On December 31, 1913, he was dismissed by the outgoing acting mayor, Ardolph Kline. Among other achievements in office, Waldo contributed to the motorization of both departments.

William Jay Gaynor
William Jay Gaynor (February 2, 1849 – September 10, 1913) was an American politician from New York City, associated with the Tammany Hall political machine. He served as the 95th mayor of the City of New York from 1910 to 1913, and previously as a New York Supreme Court Justice from 1893 to 1909. As mayor he was noted as a reformer who broke ranks and refused to take orders from the Tammany boss Charles Francis Murphy.
Port of Haydarpaşa
The Port of Haydarpaşa, also known as the Port of Haidar Pasha (Turkish: Haydarpaşa Limanı) or the Port of Istanbul, is a general cargo seaport, ro-ro and container terminal, situated in Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey at the southern entrance to the Bosphorus, near Haydarpaşa Station. It is operated by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and serves a hinterland which includes the country's most industrialised areas.

It is the largest port in Istanbul, and the second-largest in the Marmara Region, after Ambarlı. With an annual cargo volume exceeding six million metric tons (MT), it is Turkey's fourth-biggest port after Mersin, Ambarlı, Istanbul and Izmir.

Roll-on/roll-off
Roll-on/roll-off (RORO or ro-ro) ships are cargo ships designed to carry wheeled cargo, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, buses, trailers, and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LoLo) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo.

RORO vessels have either built-in or shore-based ramps or ferry slips that allow the cargo to be efficiently rolled on and off the vessel when in port. While smaller ferries that operate across rivers and other short distances often have built-in ramps, the term RORO is generally reserved for large seagoing vessels. The ramps and doors may be located in the stern, bow, or sides, or any combination thereof.
2005 Nepal coup d'état
A coup d'état in Nepal began on 1 February, when democratically elected members of the country's ruling party, the Nepali Congress, were deposed by Gyanendra, King of Nepal. The parliament was reinstated in 2006, when the king agreed to give up absolute power following the 2006 revolution. The coup was condemned by India, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

2006 Nepalese revolution
The 2006 Nepal revolution, also known as the Democracy Movement (Nepali: लोकतन्त्र आन्दोलन, romanized: Loktantra Āndolan Jana Andolan II), was a political movement that was opposed to Nepal's monarchy system under King Gyanendra. The movement was the second protest against the monarchy, following the first revolution.
Y. Adinarayana Reddy
Yerrapureddy Adinarayana Reddy (15 October 1916 – 8 June 2002) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. He organized the Individual Satyagraha Movement 1940 in the District and suffered three months in the Vellore Central Jail. During the Quit India Movement, he worked underground and later he was arrested and detained from 1942 to 1944 in the Vellore and Thanjavur Jails. He was a two term Member of Parliament, representing Andhra Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress. He even served as Member of the Legislative Assembly of the earlier Madras Legislative Assembly and Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Rayachoti. He was also elected as MLC by Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council.

Rayachoty Assembly constituency
Rayachoty Assembly constituency is a constituency in Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency.

Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy is the current MLA  of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 231,637 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the Delimitation Orders (1951).
Night-Thoughts
The Complaint: or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, better known simply as Night-Thoughts, is a long poem by  the English poet Edward Young,  published in nine parts (or "nights") between 1742 and 1745. It was illustrated with notable engravings by William Blake.

The poem records Young's musings on death as he ponders the loss of his wife and friends, and as he laments human frailties. A famous line points out how quickly life and opportunities can slip away. The individual poems in the series are dedicated to several contemporaries of Young, including Arthur Onslow, Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, George Lee, 2nd Earl of Lichfield, Henry Pelham, and Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle.

Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland
Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (11 February 1715 – 17 July 1785) was the richest woman in Great Britain of her time, styled Lady Margaret Harley before 1734, Duchess of Portland from 1734 to her husband's death in 1761, and Dowager Duchess of Portland from 1761 until her own death in 1785.

The duchess, an heiress on a huge scale had the largest natural history collection in the country, complete with its own curator, the parson-naturalist John Lightfoot, and the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander. Her collection included costly art objects such as the Portland Vase. Her ambition for her collection was for it to contain and to describe every living species.

She was a member of the Blue Stockings Society, a group of social intellectuals led by women and founded by her great friend Elizabeth Montagu.
The Dark Roads
The Dark Roads is the debut album by American rapper Seagram, released 1992 on Rap-A-Lot Records and Priority Records. The album features guest performances by labelmates Scarface, Ganksta N-I-P, Bushwick Bill and Willie D. It peaked at number 74 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

Along with a single, a music video was produced for the song, "The Vill".

Ganksta N-I-P
Rowdy Lewayne Williams (born August 28, 1969), better known as Ganxsta NIP (pronounced Gangsta Nip), is an American rapper from South Park, Houston, Texas and a member of the South Park Coalition, which he co-founded in 1987 with Houston rapper K-Rino. In 1992 he released his debut album South Park Psycho. This record also helped put the South Park Coalition name on the map due to world wide distribution from Rap-a-Lot. He also wrote the Geto Boys hit "Chuckie". NIP stands for "Nation of Islam Is Powerful"; he is also a part of the Nation of Islam. Williams is also looked at as one of the creators of the horrorcore rap genre.
Bill Taylor (Australian footballer)
William Taylor (2 June 1902 – 27 October 1978) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Taylor grew up on his parents farm outside Smeaton, Victoria. Being a tall lad he started playing football with the local side, Smeaton. After four years he transferred to Golden Point in the Ballarat league.

During the annual Geelong district versus  Ballarat district charity match he was noticed by Geelong recruiters.

Moving to Geelong where he trained to be a wool classer, Taylor had ankle issues that restricted his only season in the VFL. Tall for the era, Taylor could play at both ends of the ground. He could also ruck. He was a fine mark and a long kick of the football.

He left Geelong under a cloud after being left off the club's training list.

Ballarat Football League
The Ballarat Football League (BFL) is an Australian rules football competition that operates in the Ballarat region of Victoria.

The competition formed in 1893 as the Ballarat Football Association and was renamed Ballarat Football League in 1908 and was briefly known as the Ballarat-Wimmera Football League between 1934 and 1936.