hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benjamin P. Bowser
Benjamin Paul Bowser (born 1946) is an American sociologist, research methodologist and Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Social Services at California State University, East Bay. His scholarship focuses on race relations, the Black middle class, drug abuse prevention, and the social impacts of racism. He is the author or editor of a dozen books including The Black Middle Class: Social Mobility and Vulnerability and Against the Odds: Scholars Who Challenged Racism in the Twentieth Century. He is a board member of Felton Institute and former elected President of Association of Black Sociologists.

California State University, East Bay
California State University, East Bay (Cal State East Bay, CSU East Bay, or CSUEB) is a public university in Hayward, California. The university is part of the California State University system and offers 136 undergraduate and 60 post-baccalaureate areas of study. Founded in 1957, California State University, East Bay had a student body of approximately 11,544 as of Spring 2025.  As of Fall 2024, it had 760 faculty. The university's largest and oldest college campus is located in Hayward, with additional centers in the nearby cities of Oakland and Concord.
Ryan Bower
Ryan Thomas Eyre Bower (born 25 February 1991) is an English professional rugby union player for Dallas Jackals in the US competition Major League Rugby. He has played for Leicester Tigers, Worcester Warriors and London Irish in Premiership Rugby, and for Nottingham in the RFU Championship.  Bower's principal position is loosehead prop.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
V.V. Ajax
Voetbal Vereniging Ajax commonly known as Ajax, was a Surinamese football club based in Paramaribo that played in the Surinamese Hoofdklasse, the highest level of football in Suriname. The club played their home games on the Mr. Bronsplein. Named after the Dutch football club Ajax, the club was founded on 3 June 1921 by H. Gunning. The chairman of the club in its inception was H.M. Landkoer who successfully led the team to three national titles in the late twenties.

SVB Eerste Divisie
The SVB Eerste Divisie is the second highest football championship for clubs run by the Surinaamse Voetbal Bond. The league currently comprises twelve teams and operates a system of promotion and relegation. Seasons run from November to June, with each team playing 30 games in the regular season. The league was previously known as the Hoofdklasse but was rebranded as the Topklasse for the 2016–17 season, before being renamed the Eerste Divisie starting in the 2017–18 season. In 2024, the SVB introduced a new professional competition, the Suriname Major League, with the Eerste Divisie now serving as the nation's top amateur competition.

The league has a long history, its first completed season was in 1923‍–‍24 when Suriname was still a Dutch colony.
2005 Tonga rugby union tour of Italy and France
The 2005 Tonga rugby union tour of Italy and France was a series of rugby union matches played in November 2005 in Italy and France by Tonga national rugby union team.

It was a tour with heavy losses, with only a victory in the opening match with the Italian second team.

Tonga national rugby union team
The Tonga national rugby union team (Tongan: timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga) represents Tonga in men's international rugby union. The team is nicknamed ʻIkale Tahi (Sea Eagles) and is governed by the Tonga Rugby Union. Like their Polynesian neighbours, the Tongans precede their matches with a traditional challenge – the Sipi Tau. They are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Samoa. The Ikale Tahi achieved a historic 19–14 victory over France in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but having lost to New Zealand and Canada, were unable to achieve what would have been their first-ever presence at the quarter-finals.
Ishibashi Hajime
Ishibashi Hajime (石橋甫, Ishibashi Hajime; July 28, 1862 – January 11, 1942) was a Japanese Vice-Admiral of the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. He primarily commanded the Matsushima, Takasago, and the America Maru throughout both wars and was the Chief Navigator of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

America Maru
America Maru (亜米利加丸, Amerika-Maru) was the second of three high speed passenger liners built for the Oriential Steamship Company (Tōyō Kisen). Converted into an armed merchantman during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, she played a crucial role in the Battle of Tsushima. Although used as a hospital ship during the early part of World War II, she had been chartered by the Imperial Japanese Navy as a transport in 1943, and was sunk by the United States Navy in 1944 with great loss of civilian lives.
OpenAL
OpenAL (Open Audio Library) is a cross-platform audio application programming interface (API). It is designed for efficient rendering of multichannel three-dimensional positional audio. Its API style and conventions deliberately resemble those of OpenGL. OpenAL is an environmental 3D audio library, which can add realism to a game by simulating attenuation (degradation of sound over distance), the Doppler effect (change in frequency as a result of motion), and material densities.

OpenAL aimed to originally be an open standard and open-source replacement for proprietary (and generally incompatible with one another) 3D audio APIs such as DirectSound and Core Audio, though in practice has largely been implemented on various platforms as a wrapper around said proprietary APIs or as a proprietary and vendor-specific fork. While the reference implementation later became proprietary and unmaintained, there are open source implementations such as OpenAL Soft available.

Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.

Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free. Proprietary software may either be closed-source software or source-available software.
Grootegast
Grootegast (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɣroːtəˌɣɑst] ⓘ; Gronings: Grodegast; West Frisian: Gruttegast) is a village and former municipality in the northeastern Netherlands. It is the sister city of Kingston, Tasmania. The municipality was merged into the municipality of Westerkwartier on 1 January 2019.

West Frisian language
West Frisian (Westerlauwersk Frysk; Dutch: Westerlauwers Fries), or simply Frisian (Frysk [frisk]; Dutch: Fries [fris]), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry. It is the most widely spoken of the Frisian languages.

In the study of the evolution of English, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of Old English spoken across the Heptarchy, these being part of the Anglo-Frisian branch of the West Germanic family.
Bachviertel
The Bachviertel (German pronunciation: [ˈbaxˌfɪʁtl̩], Bach Quarter), initially called "Viertel am Johannapark", is a Wilhelminian-style residential area in the west of Leipzig's borough Mitte in Saxony, Germany. According the administrative division of Leipzig, the Bachviertel is part of the locality Zentrum-West. It ist named after Johann Sebastian Bach.

The Bachviertel was built in the mid to late 19th century in the historic architectural style as an urban extension between Ferdinand-Lasalle-Strasse and Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse and is considered to be particularly well preserved with its block development and its villas next to the Waldstraßenviertel. In particular, Leipzig's church music history is closely linked to the Bachviertel; it is home to the educational campus Forum Thomanum.

Forum Thomanum
The Forum Thomanum (styled forum thomanum) is a music educational campus developed from 2002 in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, as the new home of the Thomanerchor which was founded in 1212. It was conceived in 2002 by Georg Christoph Biller, then Thomaskantor, and others, to provide an internationally oriented innovative campus for a future of the traditional choir which was defined until then by Thomaskirche and Thomasschule.

The campus was inaugurated in 2012, where up to 1,200 boys and young men are given cultural education based on a religious foundation, social competence and democratic standing.
Frosty Peters
Forrest Ingram "Frosty" Peters (April 22, 1904 – April 17, 1980) was an American football player who played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Providence Steam Rollers, Portsmouth Spartans, Brooklyn Dodgers and Chicago Cardinals. He played college football at Montana State and Illinois. He was known for his drop kicking ability.

Providence Steam Roller
The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League (NFL) from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship. The Steam Roller won the league's championship in 1928, which is the latest NFL championship win by a defunct team to date. Most of their home games were played at the Cycledrome, a 10,000-seat stadium that was built as a velodrome for bicycle races.
Domingo Ramírez de Arellano
Domingo Ramírez de Arellano, O.S.H. or Domingo de Villaescusa y Ramírez de Arellano (1568 – 2 July 1653) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Yucatán (1652–1653) and Bishop of Chiapas (1640–1652).

Hieronymites
The Hieronymites (also spelled Jeronymites or Jeronimites, also formally known as the Order of Saint Jerome (Latin: Ordo Sancti Hieronymi; abbreviated OSH), is a Catholic cloistered religious order and a common name for several congregations of hermit monks living according to the Rule of Saint Augustine, though the role principle of their lives is that of the 5th-century hermit and biblical scholar Jerome.

The principal group with this name was founded in the Iberian Peninsula around the 14th century. Their religious habit is a white tunic with a brown, hooded scapular and a brown mantle. For liturgical services, they wear a brown cowl.
Disocactus phyllanthoides
Disocactus phyllanthoides, the nopalxochitl or German empress, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae. It is commonly grown as an ornamental houseplant. It is one of the three major species involved in creating the widely grown epiphyllum hybrids or "epis". The others are Disocactus speciosus and Disocactus crenatus.

Disocactus speciosus
Disocactus speciosus, the sun cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cactaceae. It is native to Mexico, Honduras and Guatemala, and has been introduced to the Canary Islands. As its synonym Heliocereus speciosus it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Awfully Lawful
Awfully Lawful (Chinese: 熟男有惑) is a 2013 Hong Kong comedy legal drama television series produced by TVB. The series revolves around three lawyers, their legal cases and their personal relationships and it stars Roger Kwok, Johnson Lee, Raymond Cho, Sharon Chan and Selena Lee as the main cast.

Selena Lee (actor)
Selena Lee Sze-wa (Chinese: 李施嬅), former stage name Selena Lee Sze-Wan (Chinese: 李詩韻), is a Hong Kong-born actress and former beauty pageant contestant.

After participating in the 2003 Miss Hong Kong Pageant, Lee had signed an artiste contract with TVB and filmed numerous TVB dramas. She left TVB in 2019 and announced in May 2019 that she will be managed by American talent agency Authentic for work in North America. In September 2019, Lee earned critical acclaim for her dual role as Alex and Coco in the supernatural romance drama Barrack O'Karma and won the Most Popular Female Character award at the TVB Anniversary Awards. In June 2020, she signed an artiste contract with Shaw Brothers Pictures for work in Hong Kong and South-Eastern Asia.
Madhvendra Singh
Admiral Madhvendra Singh, PVSM, AVSM, ADC was Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy between 29 December 2001 and his retirement from service on 31 July 2004. He had by that date completed over 41 years of service. He was also the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee from 2002 to 2004

Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM, lit. 'Very Distinguished Service Medal') is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces. The award is a peacetime equivalent of Uttam Yuddh Seva Medal, which is a Wartime Distinguished Service decoration.

The award can also be granted posthumously. Subsequent awards are represented by a bar worn on the ribbon. The awardee can use "AVSM" as post-nominal letters.
Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Operation Chihuahua
Coordinated Operation Chihuahua or formerly known as Joint Operation Chihuahua is a Military and Federal Police operation started in 2008 by the Mexican Army and Policía Federal Preventiva. The objective is to "besiege" Ciudad Juárez to concentrate forces and saturate the area to confront the three cartels already operating in the city. Ciudad Juárez is known to be one of the most dangerous cities in the Americas. In the year 2007 more than 100 police officers were killed in Juárez in attacks blamed on organized crime. As a result of drug cartel violence, President Felipe Calderón has previously launched other Joint Operations in other states.

Mexican Army
The Mexican Army (Spanish: Ejército Mexicano), also known as the National Defense Army, is the combined land and air branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It includes the Mexican Air Force, the Special Forces Body, and the National Guard.

With an active-duty force of 261,773 servicemembers (as of 2024), the Army is the largest component of the Mexican Armed Forces and among the largest armies in the world. It is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence, who is directly answerable to the President.

The Mexican Army was the first to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle.
Magdalena Śliwa
Magdalena Joanna Śliwa (née Szryniawska; born 17 November 1969) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team in 1990–2007, double European Champion (2003, 2005), three-time Polish Champion (1994, 1995, 2003), Italian Champion (2002).

2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2005 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 24th edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Pula and Zagreb, Croatia from 17 to 25 September 2005.
Itsuko Nashimoto
Itsuko Nashimoto (梨本 伊都子, February 2, 1882 - August 19, 1976) was a former Japanese imperial family member. She was the wife of Prince Morimasa Nashimoto and the daughter of Marquis Naohiro Nabeshima and was an older sister of Nobuko Matsudaira. Before leaving the imperial family, she held the title of princess, and her honorific title under the Imperial Household Law was Her Imperial Highness (殿下, Denka). During her time as a royal, she was known as Princess Morimasa Itsuko.

She became involved in Japanese Red Cross activities and contributed to wartime nursing efforts. After leaving the imperial family in 1947, she lived as a private citizen until her death.

Japanese Red Cross Society
The Japanese Red Cross Society (日本赤十字社, Nippon Sekijūjisha) is the Japanese affiliate of the International Red Cross.

The Imperial Family of Japan has traditionally supported the society, with the Empress as Honorary President and other imperial family members as vice presidents. Its headquarters is located in Tokyo, and local chapters are set up in all 47 prefectures. 9,610,000 individual and 120,000 corporate members belong to the society, which operates 92 Red Cross hospitals and 79 blood centers all over the country. The Japanese Red Cross Society conducts relief activities when major disasters take place. Large earthquakes that frequently occur in Japan (such as the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami) are an area of work for the society.
Barry McCambridge
Barry McCambridge (born 1998) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Clann Éireann club and at senior level for the Armagh county team. McCambridge scored a goal against Kerry in the 2024 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Semi-Final, to send his team through to a first final for 21 years. Before that he scored a goal in the Quarter-Final against Roscommon. McCambridge is a versatile player, whether across the full-back line or at wing-back, where his scoring and "robust tackling" came to the fore during the 2024 run. He also played handball at a juvenile level.

The Sunday Game gave McCambridge its Footballer of the Year award for 2024. He won an All Star at the end of the 2024 season.

2024 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 2024 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) was the 138th edition of the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament since its establishment in 1887. Thirty-one of the thirty-two Irish counties took part – Kilkenny did not compete, while London and New York completed the lineup.

The championship worked as a two-tier system for the third time, with the Tailteann Cup being the second-tier competition for those that do not qualify for the Sam Maguire Cup competition.

The draws for the championship took place on 21 October 2023. The final was played on 28 July 2024 at Croke Park in Dublin, between Armagh and Connacht champion Galway. Armagh won a second title, with a 1–11 to 0–13 win against Galway in that game.
Jamie Joseph
James Whitinui Joseph (born 21 November 1969) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the Highlanders and the All Blacks XV.

A flanker, Joseph represented Otago at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, from 1992 to 1995, before representing Japan in 1999.

Since his retirement, Joseph has coached Wellington, the Māori All Blacks, the Highlanders, Japan and the Sunwolves. He returned to the Highlanders in 2024 and was appointed head coach of the All Blacks XV in 2025.

Wellington Rugby Football Union
The Wellington Rugby Football Union (known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region. The main stadium is Sky Stadium (formerly named Westpac Stadium) which is located in Wellington. The union also represents the Wellington Lions, which is professional rugby union team who compete in the National Provincial Championship competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield. Before 2006 the Lions competed in the original National Provincial Championship.
Arcadia Park (Warsaw)
The Arcadia Park is an urban park in Warsaw, Poland. It is located in the district of Mokotów between Puławska Street, Żywnego Street, Piaseczyńska Street, Idzikowskiego Street, and around the gardens of Królikarnia Palace. It was opened in 1970.

Puławska Street, Warsaw
Puławska Street (Polish: Ulica Puławska) is one of the main streets of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It links the southern City Centre and the southern boroughs of Mokotów and Ursynów with the suburb of Piaseczno.

The street is named after the city of Puławy, Poland.
Scope Neglect (album)
Scope Neglect is the sixth studio album by Australian-Icelandic musician Ben Frost. It was released on 1 March 2024 through Mute Records, as his first studio offering in seven years, following The Centre Cannot Hold (2017). It features collaborations from Greg Kubacki of Car Bomb and Liam Andrews of My Disco.

Car Bomb (band)
Car Bomb (stylized as [Car_Bomb]) is an American mathcore band from Rockville Centre, New York that was initially formed in 2000. Their debut album, Centralia, was released through Relapse Records on February 6, 2007.
2001 Italian Senate election in Lombardy
Lombardy renewed its delegation to the Italian Senate on May 13, 2001. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 2001 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.

The election was won by the centre-right coalition called House of Freedoms, as it happened at the national level. The House was  a new alliance formed for Lombard regional election of 2000 between political giants Pole of Freedoms and Lega Nord. All provinces gave a majority or a plurality to the new Prime Minister of Italy.

2000 Lombard regional election
The 2000 Lombard regional election took place on 16 April 2000. The 7th term of the Regional Council was chosen.

Roberto Formigoni (Forza Italia) was re-elected for the second time in a row President, defeating Mino Martinazzoli (Italian People's Party). His re-election resulted in a landslide, as this time he was supported also by the Northern League.