hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USC&GS Cosmos
USC&GS Cosmos was a survey launch in service in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1887 to 1927.

Cosmos was built in 1887 by the Mare Island Navy Yard at Vallejo, California. She entered service with the Coast and Geodetic Survey that year. She served along the United States West Coast and in the waters of the Territory of Alaska during her career.

On 29–30 April 1913, Cosmos joined the Coast and Geodetic Survey survey ship Thomas R. Gedney and Launch 117 in helping to pull the Pacific Coast Steamship Company ship Curacao off Boulder Spit on Fish Egg Island in Alaska.

Cosmos was retired from service in 1927 and sold for $565 (USD) that year.

Survey vessel
A survey vessel is any type of ship or boat that is used for underwater surveys, usually to collect data for mapping or planning underwater construction or mineral extraction. It is a type of research vessel, and may be designed for the purpose, modified for the purpose or temporarily put into the service as a vessel of opportunity, and may be crewed, remotely operated, or autonomous. The size and equipment vary to suit the task and availability.
Typhoon Angela
Typhoon Angela, named Rosing by PAGASA, was an extremely powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone that impacted the Philippines in November 1995, and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 1995. Typhoon Angela was the twenty-ninth tropical cyclone and fifth super typhoon of the 1995 Pacific typhoon season.

Angela caused PHP 9.33 billion worth of damage across the Philippines and 882 fatalities.

1995 Pacific typhoon season
The 1995 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average season in terms of named storms, ending a 7-year stretch of above average activity. It occurred all year round, though most tropical cyclones formed between May and November.

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1995 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
Zakir Yusifov
Zakir Yusifov (Azerbaijani: Zakir Tofiq oğlu Yusifov; September 29, 1956, in Baku, Azerbaijan – October 11, 1992, in Lachin, Azerbaijan) was a National Hero of Azerbaijan, and a warrior of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

National Hero of Azerbaijan
The National Hero of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan milli qəhrəmanı) is the highest national title in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The title was named on 25 March 1992, and the "Qizil Ulduz" Medal awarded as a sign of receiving this title was established by a separate law on 15 July 1992. The law on the title has been in effect since 25 December 1995. It can only be awarded once to the same person.

The title is awarded for outstanding services of national importance to Azerbaijan in defence and strengthening of the state system and creation of important national values.
Cili County
Cili (simplified Chinese: 慈利县; traditional Chinese: 慈利縣; pinyin: Cílì Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China under administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiajie. Located in the north of Hunan and the east of Zhangjiajie, Cili County is bordered to the southeast by Taoyuan County, to the south and the southwest by Yongding District, to the west and the northwest by Sangzhi County, and to the north and northeast by Shimen County. Cili is also the home of the Tujia people. The County has an area of 3,492 square kilometres (1,348 sq mi) with 703,452 of registered population and roughly 613,000 permanent population (as of 2015). It is divided into 25 township-level divisions (November 27, 2015), and its county seat is Lingyang Town (零阳镇).

Recently  a tomb was discovered around Cili that was 2,200 years old. Among the items discovered  was a bronze cooking vessel that contained fish. The tomb was that of an ancient senior official.

Tujia people
The Tujia (Northern Tujia: Bifjixkhar / Bifzixkar, IPA: /bi˧˥ dʑi˥ kʰa˨˩/ /pi˧˥ tsi˥ kʰa˨˩/, Southern Tujia: Mongrzzir, /mõ˨˩ dzi˨˩/; Chinese: 土家族; pinyin: Tǔjiāzú) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 9 million, the seventh-largest officially recognized ethnic minority in the People's Republic of China. They live in the Wuling Mountains, straddling the common borders of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing Municipality.

The endonym Bizika means "native dwellers". In Chinese, Tujia literally means "local families", in contrast to the Hakka (客家; Kèjiā), whose name literally means "guest families" and implies migration.
Rosa Smith Eigenmann
Rosa Smith Eigenmann (October 7, 1858 – January 12, 1947) was an American ichthyologist (the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish), as well as a writer, editor, former curator at the California Academy of Sciences, and the first librarian of the San Diego Society of Natural History. She "is considered the first woman ichthyologist in the United States." Eigenmann was also the first woman to become president of Indiana University's chapter of Sigma Xi, an honorary science society. She authored twelve published papers of her own between 1880 and 1893, and collaborated with her husband, Carl H. Eigenmann, as "Eigenmann & Eigenmann" on twenty-five additional works between 1888 and 1893. Together, they are credited with describing about 150 species of fishes.

San Diego Natural History Museum
32°43′55.6″N 117°8′50.29″W﻿ / ﻿32.732111°N 117.1473028°W﻿ / 32.732111; -117.1473028

The San Diego Natural History Museum is a museum in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. It was founded in 1874 as the San Diego Society of Natural History. It is the second oldest scientific institution west of the Mississippi and the oldest in Southern California. The present location of the museum was dedicated on January 14, 1933. A major addition to the museum was dedicated in April 2001, doubling exhibit space.
2011–12 Cypriot First Division
The 2011–12 Cypriot First Division was the 73rd season of the Cypriot top-level football league. It began on 27 August 2011 and ended on 12 May 2012. APOEL were the defending champions. AEL Limassol won the championship one matchweek before the end of the season.

The league comprise eleven teams from the 2010–11 season and three promoted teams from the 2010–11 Second Division.

2010–11 Cypriot First Division
The 2010–11 Cypriot First Division was the 72nd season of the Cypriot top-level football league. It began on 27 August 2010 with the first matches of the first round and will end on 11 May 2011 with the last matches of the second round. The defending champions were Omonia. APOEL won the championship four matchweeks before the end of the season.
Purple (video installation)
Purple is a 62-minute immersive six-channel video installation created by the British artist and filmmaker John Akomfrah in 2017. It draws from hundreds of hours of archival footage and combines with newly shot film, spoken word, and original music to explore climate change and its effects on human communities, biodiversity and the wilderness. It is divided into five movements and includes locations such as Alaska, Greenland, New York, Mumbai, rural Scotland, Tahiti and the Marquesas Islands in the South Pacific.

It was commissioned by the Barbican, London and co-commissioned by Bildmuseet, Sweden; TBA21-Academy; Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston; Berardo Collection Museum, Lisbon; and Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow. It premiered at the Curve, Barbican in October 2017 where it exhibited for nine weeks.

Purple was jointly acquired by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C., and the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, in 2021.

Garage Museum of Contemporary Art
The Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, also referred to simply as The Garage Museum, is a privately funded art gallery in Moscow, Russia. It was founded by Dasha Zhukova and Roman Abramovich as the Garage Center for Contemporary Culture in 2008 and was renamed on 1 May 2014. Since June 2015, it has been housed in a building designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas.

As well as providing permanent collections and changing exhibitions, the museum also operates as a research centre. It has archives relating to Russian contemporary art from the 1950s. It also runs educational programmes and publishes material relating to current developments in Russian and international art and culture.
Shane Fontayne
Michael Barakan (born 29 April 1954), known as Shane Fontayne, is an English rock guitarist. Active since the 1970s, he was the guitarist for Bruce Springsteen during the 1992–1993 "Other Band" Tour, as Springsteen had disbanded his own E Street Band three years earlier. During his career Fontayne has worked with Ian Hunter, Van Zant, John Waite, Chris Botti, Joe Cocker, Johnny Hallyday, Marc Cohn, Randy VanWarmer, Graham Nash, Mick Ronson and others.

Graham Nash
Graham William Nash OBE (born 2 February 1942) is a British and American musician, singer and songwriter. He is known for his light tenor voice and for his contributions as a member of the Hollies and Crosby, Stills & Nash.

Nash is a photography collector, a published photographer, and digital image printing pioneer. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Crosby, Stills & Nash in 1997 and as a member of the Hollies in 2010. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours List for services to music and to charity.

Nash holds four honorary doctorates, including one from the New York Institute of Technology, one in music from the University of Salford in 2011 and one in fine arts from Lesley University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Select Registry
Select Registry, Distinguished Inns of North America, is a non-profit association of more than 300 country inns, B&Bs and boutique hotels throughout the United States. Founded in 1972, the association is based in Greensboro, Georgia, United States and led by CEO Mark Reichle.

Bed and breakfast
A bed and breakfast (typically shortened to B&B or BnB) is a small lodging establishment that offers overnight accommodation and breakfast. In addition, a B&B sometimes has the hosts living in the house.

Bed and breakfast is also used to describe the level of catering included in a hotel's room prices, as opposed to room-only, half-board, or full-board.
Siddeeq Shabazz
Siddeeq Muneer Shabazz (born February 5, 1981) is an American former professional football safety and linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the seventh round of the 2003 NFL draft. He played college football at New Mexico State.

Shabazz was also a member of the Atlanta Falcons, Cincinnati Bengals, Washington Redskins, New Orleans Saints, Miami Dolphins, Rhein Fire, Edmonton Eskimos, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Las Vegas Locomotives and Calgary Stampeders.

New Mexico State Aggies football
The New Mexico State Aggies football team represents New Mexico State University in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football as a member of Conference USA.

New Mexico State spent the 2013 season as an independent and from 2014 to 2017 as a football–only member of the Sun Belt Conference, New Mexico State began playing as an independent again with the 2018 football season. On November 5, 2021, New Mexico State announced it would be joining Conference USA in all sports including football starting in 2023. New Mexico State has one of the longest droughts among all current FBS teams of being ranked in the AP Poll, having previously being ranked in 1960.
Muradup, Western Australia
Muradup is a small town and locality in the Shire of Kojonup, Great Southern region of Western Australia. Muradup is located between Kojonup and Boyup Brook, and is situated along the Balgarup River. The Narlingup Nature Reserve is located in the west of Muradup.

Shire of Kojonup
The Shire of Kojonup is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, about 250 kilometres (155 mi) southeast of the state capital, Perth, along Albany Highway. The Shire covers an area of 2,932 square kilometres (1,132 sq mi) and its seat of government is the town of Kojonup.
Willard Woodard
Willard Woodard (December 12, 1824 – March 19, 1891) was an American politician, publisher, and parks advocate from Massachusetts. Raised in Hopkinton, Woodard founded a store there and rose to several local political positions. After a move to Chicago, Illinois, Woodard was named principal of a school. He later joined a publishing house and served on the Chicago City Council. Woodard served one term as an Illinois State Senator, then was named president of the West Parks Commission, overseeing the development of Chicago's park system.

Chicago Park District
The Chicago Park District is a municipal government agency of the City of Chicago. It is one of the oldest and the largest park districts in the United States.

As of 2016, there are over 600 parks included in the Chicago Park District as well as 27 beaches, 10 boat docking harbors, two botanic conservatories, a zoo, 11 museums, and one stadium. The Chicago Park District also has more than over 230 field houses, 78 public pools, and dozens of sports and recreational facilities, with year-round programming. It also owns and operates the lakefront stadium, Soldier Field, which the Chicago Bears and Chicago Fire FC lease. The district is an independent taxing authority as defined by Illinois State Statute and is considered a separate (or "sister") agency of the City of Chicago. The district's headquarters are located in the Brighton Park community area on the West Side of Chicago.
3034 Climenhaga
3034 Climenhaga /ˈklaɪmɪnheɪɡə/ is a stony Florian asteroid and synchronous binary asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7.8 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 24 September 1917 by German astronomer Max Wolf at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany and assigned provisional designation A917 SE. It was later named after Canadian astrophysicist John Climenhaga. Its minor-planet moon has a period of nearly 19 hours.

Minor-planet moon
A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. As of January 2022, there are 457 minor planets known or suspected to have moons. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights into their physical properties that are generally not otherwise accessible.

Several of the moons are quite large compared to their primaries: 90 Antiope, Mors–Somnus and Sila–Nunam (95%), Patroclus–Menoetius, Altjira and Lempo–Hiisi (90%, with Lempo–Paha at 50%). The largest known minor-planet moon in absolute size is Pluto's moon Charon, which has about half the diameter of Pluto.

There are also several known ring systems around distant objects (see: Rings of Chariklo and Chiron).
Additive utility
In economics, additive utility is a cardinal utility function with the sigma additivity property.: 287–288

Additivity (also called linearity or modularity) means that "the whole is equal to the sum of its parts." That is, the utility of a set of items is the sum of the utilities of each item separately. Let  be a finite set of items. A cardinal utility function , where  is the power set of , is additive if for any ,

It follows that for any ,

An additive utility function is characteristic of independent goods. For example, an apple and a hat are considered independent: the utility a person receives from having an apple is the same whether or not he has a hat, and vice versa. A typical utility function for this case is given at the right.

Independent goods
Independent goods are goods that have a zero cross elasticity of demand. Changes in the price of one good will have no effect on the demand for an independent good. Thus independent goods are neither complements nor substitutes.

For example, a person's demand for nails is usually independent of his or her demand for bread, since they are two unrelated types of goods. Note that this concept is subjective and depends on the consumer's personal utility function.

A Cobb-Douglas utility function implies that goods are independent. For goods in quantities X1 and X2, prices p1 and p2, income m, and utility function parameter a, the utility function

when optimized subject to the budget constraint that expenditure on the two goods cannot exceed income, gives rise to this demand function for good 1:  which does not depend on p2.
Sej Motau
Sejamothopo "Sej" Motau (born 18 July 1943) is a politician, journalist, communications and corporate affairs expert, and a former Fulbright Scholar. He was South Africa's Shadow Minister of Presidency, and a Member of Parliament for the opposition Democratic Alliance. From 2009 to 2012, he was the Shadow Minister of Energy.

Motau is a former journalist with the Pretoria News and The Star, and holds undergraduate and honours degrees from the University of South Africa, and a master's degree in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley.

Motau has worked as divisional manager of corporate affairs at Mercedes-Benz South Africa, and as head of corporate affairs at Transnet and Sasol. He worked as an independent communications consultant prior to joining the Democratic Alliance.

Motau left parliament at the 2019 general election.

Transnet
Transnet SOC Ltd is a large South African rail, port and pipeline company, headquartered in the Carlton Centre in Johannesburg. It was formed as a limited company on 1 April 1990. A majority of the company's stock is owned by the Department of Public Enterprises, or DPE, of the South African government. The company was formed by restructuring into business units the operations of South African Railways and Harbours and other existing operations and products.

As of August 2024, the company has an accumulated debt of R121 billion.
Vickiel Vaughn
Vickiel Vaughn (born October 24, 1983) is an American former professional football safety. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the seventh round of the 2006 NFL draft. He played college football at Arkansas.

Arkansas Razorbacks football
The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of American football. The Razorbacks compete in the 
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Home games are played at stadiums on or near the two largest campuses of the University of Arkansas System: Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in Fayetteville and War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock.

The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 740–539–40, for a .576 winning percentage. The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players honored as All-Americans. Arkansas claims one national championship (1964) awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA).
Robert Houston (actor)
Robert "Bobby" Houston (born 1955) is an American filmmaker and actor. He made his acting debut in The Hills Have Eyes (1977) before becoming a film director and screenwriter. His films include Shogun Assassin (1980) and  Bad Manners (1984). Later in his career, Houston became a successful documentarian. He won an Emmy Award for the film Mighty Times: The Legacy of Rosa Parks (2002) and an Academy Award for the film Mighty Times: The Children's March (2004) in 2005.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
2024 A-Leagues All Stars Women game
The 2024 A-Leagues All Stars Women game was an exhibition soccer match that was played on 24 May 2024, featuring an all-star team of the A-League Women against Women's Super League club Arsenal at Docklands Stadium in Melbourne, Australia as part of Global Football Week Melbourne. It was the first edition of the A-Leagues All Stars Women game and the fourth of the A-Leagues All Stars Game.

Global Football Week Melbourne
Global Football Week Melbourne was a series of Association Football events that took place from 21 May–24 May 2024 in Melbourne, Australia. The events featured the 2024 A-Leagues All Stars Games, against English football clubs Newcastle United and Arsenal Women's at Marvel Stadium. The opening match of the series was played between Tottenham Hotspur and Newcastle United at Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Global Football Week Melbourne was announced on 18 March 2024 as a collaboration between the Australian Professional Leagues (APL), Visit Victoria and TEG Sport. Three friendly matches were first announced, which later expanded to include two open training sessions at AAMI Park and two business events.
Aviary (album)
Aviary is the fifth studio album by American musician Julia Holter, released on October 26, 2018, by Domino. It was preceded by the singles "I Shall Love 2" and "Words I Heard". The album title is derived from a line in poet Etel Adnan's 2009 collection Master of the Eclipse.

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
Ministry of Telecommunication, Digital Infrastructure and Foreign Employment
The Ministry of Telecommunication, Digital Infrastructure and Foreign Employment is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for telecommunication and digital infrastructure. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on telecommunication and digital infrastructure and other subjects which come under its purview. The current Minister of Telecommunication, Digital Infrastructure and Foreign Employment and Deputy Minister of Telecommunication and Digital Infrastructure are Harin Fernando and Tharanath Basnayake respectively. The ministry's secretary is Wasantha Deshapriya.

Cabinet of Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, the Cabinet of Ministers is the council of senior ministers responsible and answerable to the Parliament of Sri Lanka. The President is a member of the cabinet and its head.

The Dissanayake cabinet is the incumbent central government of Sri Lanka led by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake.