hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hesham Rakha
Hesham Ahmed Rakha is the Samuel Reynolds Pritchard Professor of Engineering in the Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech. He directs the Center for Sustainable Mobility at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. He conducts research in the area of multi-modal vehicle motion and large-scale transportation system optimization, agent-based modeling, and assessment. He is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and was elected to the Virginia Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and the National Academy of Artificial Intelligence. He is a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

Canadian Academy of Engineering
The Canadian Academy of Engineering (French: L'Académie canadienne du génie) is a national academy of distinguished professional engineers in fields of engineering, who are elected on the basis of "their distinguished service and contribution to society, to the country and to the profession". Founded in 1987, the academy has over 750 Fellows. 
The academy's 36-year history has been published on their website.
Methylophaga thiooxydans
Methylophaga thiooxydans is a methylotrophic bacterium that requires high salt concentrations for growth. It was originally isolated from a culture of the algae Emiliania huxleyi, where it grows by breaking down dimethylsulfoniopropionate from E. hexleyi into dimethylsulfide and acrylate. M. thiooxydans has been implicated as a dominant organism in phytoplankton blooms, where it consumes dimethylsulfide, methanol and methyl bromide released by dying phytoplankton. It was also identified as one of the dominant organisms present in the plume following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and was identified as a major player in the breakdown of methanol in coastal surface water in the English Channel.

Methylotroph
Methylotrophs  are a diverse group of microorganisms that can use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol or methane, as the carbon source for their growth; and multi-carbon compounds that contain no carbon-carbon bonds, such as dimethyl ether and dimethylamine. This group of microorganisms also includes those capable of assimilating reduced one-carbon compounds by way of carbon dioxide using the ribulose bisphosphate pathway.  These organisms should not be confused with methanogens which on the contrary produce methane as a by-product from various one-carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide.
Some methylotrophs can degrade the greenhouse gas methane, and in this case they are called methanotrophs. The abundance, purity, and low resource cost of methanol compared to commonly used sugars make methylotrophs competent organisms for production of amino acids, vitamins, recombinant proteins, single-cell proteins, co-enzymes and cytochromes.
Abuse in special education
Abuse in special education includes the use of restraint and seclusion in special education settings for disabled students, but can also refer to students being threatened with violence or staff withholding food. This abuse often leaves students with trauma and can leave the parents feeling guilt for the abuse.

Abuse in special education also includes physical and sexual abuse by educators and other staff members.

Seclusion and restraint practices in the U.S. education system
Restraint and seclusion is a highly controversial practice in the special education system involving holding students down physically or involuntarily locking students in seclusion rooms. In United States public schools, the practices of restraint and seclusion are not regulated on the federal level. All but four of the 50 U.S. states have regulations on portions of these practices.
C. N. Ahmad Moulavi
C. N. Ahmad Moulavi (1905 – 1993) was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature, best known as the translator of the first complete publication of Quran in Malayalam. He was the author of a number of books on Islam and was reported to have contributed to the propagation of education among the Muslims of Malabar region. A member of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi during the period 1959–64, Moulavi was honoured by the academy with the distinguished fellowship in 1989.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is an honour of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy), given to writers of Malayalam literature by inducting them as the distinguished members of the Akademi.
Westgate Transit Center
Westgate Transit Center is a Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus station in Austin, Texas. It is located underneath the elevated freeway of Ben White Boulevard (US 290-SH 71), in between Packsaddle Pass and Menchaca Road. The station features a park and ride lot with over 200 parking spaces, and is served by several local bus routes as well as CapMetro Rapid Route 803. The station is the terminus of multiple routes; particularly MetroRapid Route 803 which provides express access to downtown and points north.

The facility opened in 2019 after CapMetro was unable to negotiate a parking lease deal with the previous terminus in the Westgate Shopping Center located at South Lamar and Westgate Boulevards. The transit center uniquely provides shaded covered parking by making use of the empty space underneath the SH 71-US 290 freeway.

CapMetro
The Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority, officially stylized as CapMetro, is a public transportation provider located in Austin, Texas. It operates bus, paratransit services and a hybrid rail system known as CapMetro Rail in Austin and several suburbs in Travis and Williamson counties. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 26,283,400, or about 81,200 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

Voters approved the creation of CapMetro in January 1985, agreeing to fund the organization with a one percent sales tax. Operations began in July 1985 and CapMetro took over City of Austin bus services in 1986. In 2010, the CapMetro Rail Red Line, the agency's first rail service, began operations.
Apacilagua
Apacilagua (Spanish pronunciation: [apasiˈlaɣwa]) is a small town and municipality in the Honduran department of Choluteca. It is situated 29.3 kilometres (18.2 mi) by road to the northeast of the town of Choluteca, in the northern mid part of the province, not far from the border with the El Paraíso Department. The small town of Apacilagua lies on the Choluteca River along the RN85 road, and contains the Iglesia Catolica Apacilagua, a Catholic church.  The municipality covers an area of 213.1 square kilometres (82.3 sq mi), and contains 8 villages and 149 hamlets. As of 2015 it had a population of 9,075 people.

Choluteca, Choluteca
Choluteca is a municipality and the capital city of the Honduran department of the same name.  Situated in southern Honduras between El Salvador and Nicaragua, the city is generally considered the regional centre of southern Honduras and is a major transit point on the Pan-American Highway.  It has a major bus station and is home to the regional light (ENEE) and water (SANAA) utilities.  The city is located on the Choluteca River, near the centre of the department.  An arching silver bridge crosses the river into the city.

Choluteca's population of 99,980 (2023 calculation) makes it the seventh largest city in the country.  It is the only major Honduran city on the Pan-American Highway.  It is considered to be the second-hottest city in Honduras after Nacaome.
Javier Maté
Javier Maté Berzal (born 17 October 1957) is a Spanish former football player and manager

A goalkeeper, he spent most of his career with Celta Vigo, making 369 appearances in all competitions over 12 years. He totalled 163 games in La Liga in which he also represented Real Madrid and Burgos, winning the league and losing the 1979 Copa del Rey final in his two appearances for the former.

1979 Copa del Rey final
The 1979 Copa del Rey final was the 77th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Vicente Calderón in Madrid on 30 June 1979. The match was won by Valencia CF, who beat Real Madrid 2–0. Valencia won the cup for the fifth time.
Coconut oil
Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the meat of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production. The oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.

Due to its high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.

Coconut oil is widely used for cooking and baking due to its high smoke point and distinct flavor.

Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells.
Emma Copley Eisenberg
Emma Copley Eisenberg (born 1987) is an American queer writer of fiction and nonfiction works. Her first book, The Third Rainbow Girl, was nominated for an Edgar Award, Lambda Literary Award, and Anthony Bouchercon Award.

Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Literature
The Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Literature is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation, that awards books with bisexual content. The award can be separated into three categories: bisexual fiction, bisexual nonfiction, and bisexual poetry. Awards are granted based on literary merit and bisexual content, and therefore, the writer may be bi-, homo-, hetero-, or asexual.
Pandari Bai
Pandari Bai (18 September 1928 – 29 January 2003) was an Indian actress who worked in South Indian cinema, mostly in Kannada cinema during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. She is considered Kannada cinema's first successful heroine. She has acted as both heroine and mother to stalwarts such as Rajkumar, M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan. She was the heroine in Rajkumar's debut movie Bedara Kannappa and also Sivaji's debut movie Parasakthi. She has acted in over 1,000 films in Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Hindi.  Bai was honoured by  Kalaimamani from the Tamil Nadu government.

Kalaimamani
The Kalaimamani (lit. 'Jewel of Arts') is the highest civilian award in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. These awards are given by the Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Mandram (literature, music and theatre), a unit of the Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Tamil Nadu, to recognise artists in the state for their achievements.

The Tamil Nadu government has appointed dancer Chitra Visweswaran as the secretary of Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram. Film music director Deva is its chairman.
Vanessa vulcania
Vanessa vulcania, the Canary red admiral, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found on the Canary Islands (except Lanzarote) and Madeira. Previously, it was considered a subspecies of Vanessa indica, but has been raised to species level after research by Leestmans in 1992.

The wingspan is 54–60 mm. It is darker coloured [than Vanessa indica], with the band of the forewing lighter red and strongly sinuate, and particularly large spots in the narrow marginal band of the hindwing, the apex of the forewing, moreover, being more angulate than in atalanta. Vanessa occidentalis Fldr. is a smaller and darker form from Madeira, of which single specimens are also recorded from Portugal

The larvae feed on Urtica morifolia and Urtica urens.

Vanessa indica
Vanessa indica, called the Indian red admiral or the Asian admiral in the United States, is a butterfly found in the higher altitude regions of India, primarily the Himalayas and the Nilgiri Hills. It is also found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar, China, Korea, SE Russia, Japan. It is a close relative of the painted lady.
Auckland regional faults
The Auckland regional geologic faults have low seismic activity, compared to much of New Zealand, but do result in an earthquake risk to the Auckland metropolitan area, New Zealand's largest city. There is also evidence of past tectonic, volcanic associations in a city located within what is, at best, a very recently dormant Auckland volcanic field.

The only definite active fault in the Auckland Region, as defined geopolitically, is the Wairoa North Fault. However, there could be other possibly active faults within the Auckland region. These include the Drury Fault and the Firth of Thames Fault. Further, the adjacency of the Hauraki Rift to Auckland means that the active Kerepehi Fault with its risk of magnitude 7 or above events is relevant to seismic risk.

Kerepehi Fault
The Kerepehi Fault (also known as the Kerepēhi Fault) is a NeS-to NWeSE-striking normal fault system in the North Island of New Zealand aligned with the Hauraki rift valley that produced the Firth of Thames and the Hauraki Plains. The Kerepehi Fault has a maximum potential of generating earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw7.2–7.4 or above.
Rossington Main F.C.
Rossington Main Football Club is an English football club based in Rossington, Doncaster, South Yorkshire. They play in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division, at level 9 of the English football league system.

Northern Counties East Football League
The Northern Counties East Football League is a semi-professional English football league. It has two divisions – Premier Division and Division One – which stand at the ninth and tenth levels of the English football pyramid respectively.
Agatha Barbara
Agatha Barbara, KUOM (11 March 1923 – 4 February 2002) was a Maltese politician, having served as a Labour Member of Parliament and Minister. She was the first woman to serve as president of Malta, and remains the longest-serving woman Member of Parliament in Maltese political history.

National Order of Merit (Malta)
The National Order of Merit is a state order of the Republic of Malta. The order is divided into four grades that may be awarded to Maltese citizens.

The grade of Companion of Honour of the National Order of Merit is the highest honour that the government of Malta may confer upon its citizens. Citizens of other countries may be awarded the order on an honorary basis.
Fahad Yasin Haji Dahir
Fahad Yasin Haji Dahir, (aka Abu - Camaar; born 19 July 1978), commonly known only as Fahad Yasin, is a Somali civil servant and politician, as well as a former journalist. He was also the campaign manager for Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed "Farmaajo" in the 2017 elections. After the elections, he was appointed Chief of Staff for Villa Somalia and then Director General of the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). Farmaajo subsequently appointed him as his national security advisor.  The intelligence offices of the Somali regional governments (under the National Intelligence Directorate had appointed Abdalla Yasin Jama Mohamed Dalaf as the director of head of intelligence and submission of terrorist information for the Puntland regional government.

Political campaign staff
Political campaign staff are the group of people who formulate and implement the strategy of a political campaign. Campaign staffs are generally composed both of unpaid volunteers and paid employees of either the campaign itself or a related political party. The staff may include political consultants who provide advice and assistance to a campaign.
IFPI Sverige
IFPI Sverige (sometimes referred to as IFPI Sweden; Swedish: Ifpi Sverige) is the trade association for the recording industry in Sweden. A branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), it is responsible for the annual Grammis music awards, the Sverigetopplistan national record charts, and music recording certifications. Unlike other IFPI members, however, IFPI Sverige is also a music licensing company.

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.
Venetia Stanley
Venetia Anastasia, Lady Digby (née Stanley; December 1600 – 1 May 1633) was a celebrated beauty of the Stuart period and the wife of a prominent courtier and scientist, Sir Kenelm Digby. She was a granddaughter of Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland and a great-granddaughter of Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby.

Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland
Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, 1st Baron Percy, KG (1528 – 22 August 1572) was an English nobleman, politician and Roman Catholic rebel leader, who led the Rising of the North against Elizabeth I in 1569. After the failure of the rising, he was captured in Scotland, sold to the English government and executed for treason. He was later beatified by the Catholic Church.
Gerd Elin Albert
Gerd Elin Albert (born 21 April 1981) is a Norwegian handball player.

She started her career in IK Våg, belonging to the same generation as Katrine Lunde and Kristine Lunde. She was also a youth international for Norway.

Albert moved to Germany in 2001 and played professionally for HC Leipzig. With Leipzig she participated in the EHC Cup of 2001–02 and 2004–05, as well as the Champions League of 2002–03 and 2006–07. She also performed well enough to be called up to the Norwegian national team in 2003. She was described as a replacement for Kristine Duvholt.

Albert returned to Norway and Våg in 2007, but left in 2008.

Albert studied medicine in Leipzig. Marrying and taking the name Gerd Elin Albert-Hoff, she settled as a general practitioner in Strømmen.

IK Våg
Idrettsklubben Våg is a Norwegian sports club from Vågsbygd in Kristiansand.

It has sections for association football, team handball, badminton and athletics. The club was founded on 12 January 1938, and the club colors are green and white.

The women's handball team played until January 2025 in the highest Norwegian league where they had to withdraw due bankruptcy. The club had also won several champions leagues. The twin sisters and international handballstars Kristine Lunde-Borgersen and Katrine Lunde originally played for "Våg Vipers". The club later changed its name to "Vipers Kristiansand", and which the club was called until its dissolution.

The Norwegian heptathlete Ida Marcussen represents IK Våg, after changing in 2005 after a disagreement with her club Kristiansands IF.

The football section is called Våg FK, and played in the Third Division from 1997 to 2010.
Grace McCallum
Grace Ann McCallum (born October 30, 2002) is an American artistic gymnast. She represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics and won a silver medal in the team event. She is the 2018 Pan American and 2018 Pacific Rim individual all-around champion, the 2018 Pan American uneven bars champion, and was a member of the U.S. gymnastics team that won gold at the 2018 and 2019 World Championships and the 2018 Pan American Championships.

2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships was the 48th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from October 25 – November 3, 2018, at the Aspire Academy Dome in Doha, Qatar.

It was the first time that the competition was held in the Middle East.

Simone Biles became the first American to medal on every event at a single World Championships and the first woman to do so in 31 years. The last person to complete this feat was Russian Yelena Shushunova in 1987.
Mansfield Lovell
Mansfield Lovell (October 20, 1822 – June 1, 1884) was a major general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. As military commander of New Orleans when the city unexpectedly fell to the Union Navy in 1862, Lovell was fiercely criticized by local citizens for failing to predict a naval invasion. The Confederate government also heaped blame on him, to deflect attention from their own error in leaving so few troops to defend the city. A court of inquiry later cleared him of charges of incompetence, but his reputation never recovered.

General officers in the Confederate States Army
The general officers of the Confederate States Army (CSA) were the senior military leaders of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. They were often former officers from the United States Army (the regular army) before the Civil War, while others were given the rank based on merit or when necessity demanded. Most Confederate generals needed confirmation from the Confederate States Congress, much like prospective generals in the modern U.S. armed forces.

Like all of the Confederacy's military forces, these generals answered to their civilian leadership, in particular Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America and therefore commander-in-chief of the military forces of the Confederate States.
Kata Tüttő
Kata Tüttő (born 28 February 1980) is a Hungarian politician, economist and public servant, President of the European Committee of the Regions since February 2025. Formerly, she has served as Deputy Mayor of Budapest from 2019 to 2024. She now serves as the President of the European Committee of Regions and assumed office in February of 2025.

European Committee of the Regions
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.

Established in 1994, the CoR was set up to address two main issues. First, about three quarters of EU legislation is implemented at local or regional level, so local and regional representatives needed to have a say in the development of new EU laws. Second, there were concerns about a widening gap between the public and the process of European integration; involving the elected level of government closest to the citizens was one way of closing the gap.
Canon EF 40mm lens
The EF40mm f/2.8 STM was a standard prime lens which was introduced by Canon in June 2012, alongside the EOS 650D/Kiss X6i/Rebel T4i. The lens features a maximum aperture of f/2.8. It was Canon's first EF pancake lens. The EF 40mm was the first EF lens equipped with a stepping motor (STM). It was discontinued in March 2021.

Canon EF lens mount
The EF lens mount is the standard lens mount on the Canon EOS family of SLR film and digital cameras. EF stands for "Electro-Focus": automatic focusing on EF lenses is handled by a dedicated electric motor built into the lens. Mechanically, it is a bayonet-style mount, and all communication between camera and lens takes place through electrical contacts; there are no mechanical levers or plungers. The mount was first introduced in 1987, with its last new lens design produced on Sep 5th, 2018.

Canon claims to have produced its 100-millionth EF-series interchangeable lens on April 22, 2014.