hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2025 Salute to Veterans Bowl
The 2025 Salute to Veterans Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 16, 2025, at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama. The 12th Salute to Veterans Bowl, the game was played between Troy and Jacksonville State. The game began at approximately 8:00 p.m. CST and was aired on ESPN. The Salute to Veterans Bowl was one of the 2025–26 bowl games concluding the 2025 FBS football season. Sponsored by information technology company Integrated Solutions for Systems (IS4S), the game was officially known as the IS4S Salute to Veterans Bowl.

The 2025 Salute to Veterans Bowl featured the Jacksonville State Gamecocks (who had a regular season record of 8–5 and finished in a tie for first place in Conference USA) and the Troy Trojans (who also had a record of 8–5 and finished in first place in the Sun Belt Conference West Division).  Jacksonville State defeated Troy by a score of 17–13.

2025 Troy Trojans football team
The 2025 Troy Trojans football team represented Troy University as a member of the West Division of the Sun Belt Conference during the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Gerad Parker and played their home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium in Troy, Alabama.
Ira Pastan
Ira Pastan (born in Winthrop, Massachusetts June 1, 1931) is an American scientist at the National Cancer Institute.  He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the AAAS and the American Society of Microbiology.  In 2009, he was awarded the prestigious International Antonio Feltrinelli Prize for Medicine.  His wife, Linda Pastan, was an American poet.

Feltrinelli Prize
The Feltrinelli Prize (from the Italian "Premio Feltrinelli", also known as "International Feltrinelli Prize" or "Antonio Feltrinelli Prize") is an award for achievement in the arts, music, literature, history, philosophy, medicine, and physical and mathematical sciences. Administered by the Antonio Feltrinelli Fund, the award comes with a monetary grant ranging between €50,000 and €250,000, a certificate, and a gold medal.

The prize is awarded, both nationally and internationally, once every five years in each field by Italy's Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. A further prize is awarded periodically for an exceptional enterprise in moral and humanitarian value. Considered to be Italy's most distinguished scientific society, the organization was founded in 1603 and included Galileo Galilei among its first members.
Émilie Boulard
Émilie Boulard (born 23 August 1999) is a French rugby union player who plays for the France women's national rugby union team as a full-back. She won the International Rugby Players Women's Try of the Year at the 2021 World Rugby Awards. She represented France at the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup, played in late 2022 after being delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

France women's national rugby union team
The France women's national rugby union team represents France in women's international rugby union. They played the first-ever women's rugby union test match against the Netherlands on 13 June 1982. They compete annually in the Women's Six Nations Championship and have placed third in seven of nine Rugby World Cups.
Kherei
Kherei (circa 433-410 BC, or circa 410-390 BC) was dynast of Lycia, ruler of the area of Xanthos, at a time when this part of Anatolia was subject to the Persian, or Achaemenid, Empire.

Present-day knowledge of Lycia in the period of classical antiquity comes mostly from archaeology, in which this region is unusually rich. He may have been the dynast to whom was dedicated the Xanthian Obelisk, where he is mentioned in multiple places, although this could more probably be his predecessor Kheriga (Xeriga, Gergis in Greek). Kherei may have been Kheriga's brother, and succeeded him.

Kheriga
Kheriga (in Greek Gergis) was a Dynast of Lycia, who ruled circa 450-410 BCE. Kheriga is mentioned on the succession list of the Xanthian Obelisk, and is probably the owner of the sarcophagus that was standing on top of it.

Kheriga was son of Harpagus (Arppakhu in Lycian). Arbinas was the son of Kheriga.

Kheriga was ruler of Lycia at the time when Lycia was an ally of Athens in the Delian League. As the power of Athens weakened and Athens and Sparta fought the Peloponnesian Wars (431–404 BC), the majority of Lycian cities defaulted from the Delian League, with the exception of Telmessos and Phaselis. In 429 BC, Athens sent an expedition against Lycia to try to force it to rejoin the League. This failed when Lycia's leader Kheriga (Gergis) defeated Athenian general Melesander. The encounter is described in the inscription on the Xanthian Obelisk.
Breton grammar
Breton is a Brittonic Celtic language in the Indo-European family, and its grammar has many traits in common with these languages. Like most Indo-European languages it has grammatical gender, grammatical number, articles and inflections and, like the other Celtic languages, Breton has mutations. In addition to the singular–plural system, it also has a singulative–collective system, similar to Welsh. Unlike the other Brittonic languages, Breton has both a definite and indefinite article, whereas Welsh and Cornish lack an indefinite article and unlike the other extant Celtic languages, Breton has been influenced by French.

Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and many other languages present number categories of singular or plural. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.

The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect".
Micklefield
Micklefield is a village and civil parish  in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It neighbours Garforth, Aberford and Brotherton and is close to the A1(M) motorway. The population as of the 2011 Census was 1,893, increased from 1,852 in 2001.

The name Micklefield derives from the Old English micelfeld meaning 'big field'.

A1(M) motorway
A1(M) is the designation given to a series of four separate motorway sections in the UK. Each section is an upgrade to a section of the A1, a major north–south road which connects London, the capital of England, with Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The first section, the Doncaster Bypass, opened in 1961 and is one of the oldest sections of motorway in Britain. Construction of a new section of A1(M) between Leeming and Barton was completed on 29 March 2018, a year later than the anticipated opening in 2017 due to extensive archaeological excavations. Its completion linked the Barton to Washington section with the Darrington to Leeming Bar section, forming the longest A1(M) section overall and reducing the number of sections from five to four.

In 2015, a proposal was made by three local government organisations to renumber as M1 the section of A1(M) between Micklefield and Washington, making this section a northern extension of the M1.
Bad Influence (album)
Bad Influence is the second studio album by the blues singer-songwriter and guitarist Robert Cray.

Released with Hightone Records, this was the album thought to have put Cray on the map, prior to his explosion into the mainstream with Strong Persuader in 1986. It was his second release and his first on Hightone Records. It contained two cover versions: Johnny Guitar Watson's "Don't Touch Me" and Eddie Floyd's "Got to Make a Comeback". The most well-known songs off the album are probably the funky minor-key blues song "Phone Booth", later covered by Cray's idol Albert King, and the title track which was subsequently covered by Eric Clapton. Bruce Bromberg and Dennis Walker produced the album for the California-based label. To date the album has sold over one million copies.

Johnny "Guitar" Watson
John Watson Jr. (February 3, 1935 – May 17, 1996), often known professionally as Johnny "Guitar" Watson, was an American musician. A flamboyant showman and electric guitarist in the style of T-Bone Walker, his recording career spanned 40 years, and encompassed rhythm and blues, funk and soul music.

Watson recorded throughout the 1950s and 1960s with some success. His 1954 instrumental single "Space Guitar" was the first of his recordings to showcase his electric guitar playing. His creative self-reinvention in the 1970s, with funk overtones, saw Watson have hits with "Ain't That a Bitch" and "Superman Lover". His highest-charting single was 1977's "A Real Mother for Ya".
Avtandil Margiani
Avtandil Margiani (Georgian: ავთანდილ მარგიანი; born 24 December, 1945) is a politician from Georgia. He served as a member of the Parliament of Georgia and held the position of Deputy Prime Minister of the country. Known for his pro-Russian stance. He is currently the leader of the political movement Democratic Movement – United Georgia.

Parliament of Georgia
The Parliament of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს პარლამენტი, romanized: sakartvelos p'arlament'i) is the supreme national legislature of Georgia. It is a unicameral parliament, currently consisting of 150 members elected through fully proportional election. The current convocation of the Georgian Parliament is 11th.

All members of the Parliament are elected for four years on the basis of universal suffrage. The Constitution of Georgia grants the Parliament of Georgia a legislative power, which is partially devolved to the legislatures of the autonomous republics of Adjara and Abkhazia.
Battle of the Irtysh
The Battle of the Irtysh, also called the Battle of Omsk, was a decisive military engagement fought between the Khanate of Sibir and the Tsardom of Russia, and saw the death of Russian General Yermak Timofeyevich and the reconquest of Sibir by Kuchum Khan.

Kuchum Khan
Kuchum Khan (Turki and Persian: کوچم خان, Siberian Tatar: Kütsem; Күцем, Russian: Кучум; 1527-c. 1605) was the last khan of Siberia, reigning from 1563 to 1598.

Kuchum Khan's attempt to spread Islam and his cross-border raids met with vigorous opposition from Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible (r. 1547–1584).
Buried and Dead
"Buried and Dead" is a song by Australian rock group, the Masters Apprentices, released in May 1967 on Astor Records as the second single from the band's debut self-titled extended play. It peaked at No. 26 on the Go-Set national singles charts.

Go-Set
Go-Set was the first Australian pop music newspaper, published weekly from 2 February 1966 to 24 August 1974, and was founded in Melbourne by Phillip Frazer, Peter Raphael and Tony Schauble. Widely described as a pop music "bible", it became an influential publication, introduced the first national pop record charts and featured many notable contributors including fashion designer Prue Acton, journalist Lily Brett, rock writer / band manager Vince Lovegrove, music commentator Molly Meldrum, rock writer / music historian Ed Nimmervoll and radio DJ Stan Rofe. It spawned the original Australian edition of Rolling Stone magazine in late 1972.
Drishya
Drishya (transl. Visual) is a 2014 Indian Kannada-language crime thriller film directed by P. Vasu and produced by E4 Entertainment. It is a remake of the 2013 Malayalam film Drishyam and stars V. Ravichandran, Navya Nair, Aarohi Narayan, Unnathi, Asha Sharath, Prabhu, and Achyuth Kumar, The film's music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. A sequel titled Drishya 2 was released in 2021.

The film released on 20 June 2014 to widespread critical acclaim, with the performances of Ravichandran, Nair, and Sharath, and the screenplay being praised. It was a commercial success and completed a 100-day run in theatres.

Asha Sharath
Asha Sharath is an Indian actress and classical dancer, who predominantly works in Malayalam films and television, in addition to a few Tamil, Kannada and Telugu films. She is best known for her role as a police officer in the Drishyam film series.
Paul Morin (illustrator)
Paul Morin (born 14 January 1959) is a Canadian artist and children's book illustrator. Morin started painting in 1977 before working as a freelancer throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Morin began his children's book illustrative career and had contributed to twenty books by the mid-2010s. Of his illustrations, Morin won the 1990 Governor General's Award for English-language children's illustration with The Orphan Boy. He also received the Amelia Frances Howard-Gibbon Illustrator's Award for The Orphan Boy in 1991 and The Dragon's Pearl in 1993. As an artist, Morin established multiple art galleries in Ontario from the late 2000s to early 2010s. He also designed the food packaging for the maple leaf cream cookies for Dare Foods.

Governor General's Award for English-language children's illustration
The Governor General's Award for English-language children's illustration is a Canadian literary award that annually recognizes one Canadian illustrator for a children's book written in English. It is one of four children's book awards among the Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit, one each for writers and illustrators of English- and French-language books. The Governor General's Awards program is administered by the Canada Council.

In name, this award is part of the Governor General's Award program only from 1987 but the four children's literature awards were established in 1975 under a Canada Council name. In the event, the "Canada Council" and "Governor General's" awards have recognized children's book illustration in an English-language children's book every year from 1978.
Eidanger Station
Eidanger Station (Norwegian: Eidanger stasjon) is a disused railway station at Eidanger in Porsgrunn, Norway. Located at the intersection of the Bratsberg Line, Brevik Line and Vestfold Line, it is located 192.60 kilometers (119.68 mi) from Oslo. The station buildings were designed by Balthazar Lange.

The station opened as part of the Vestfold Line on 23 November 1882, with the Brevik Line opening in 1895. From 1916 the Brevik- and Bratsberg Lines received standard gauge, and Eidanger was used for transshipment with the narrow-gauge Vestfold Line. The station's importance diminished with the latter's gauge conversion in 1941. The commuter train service between Brevik and Skien terminated in 1964, reducing most of the station's traffic. It was closed on 2 March 1987, but remains in use as a passing loop.

Track gauge conversion
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Gigs
Gigs, Inc. is an American technology company in the telecommunications industry, headquartered in San Francisco, California, with additional offices in London (UK) and Berlin (Germany). Admitted to Y Combinator in 2021, the company specializes in a telecom-as-a-service platform that enables businesses to launch their own branded wireless services.

Y Combinator
Y Combinator, LLC (YC) is an American technology startup accelerator and venture capital firm launched in March 2005 which has been used to launch more than 5,000 companies. The accelerator program started in Boston and Mountain View, relocated to San Francisco in 2019, and was entirely online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies started via Y Combinator include Airbnb, Coinbase, Cruise, DoorDash, Dropbox, Instacart, Reddit, Stripe, Scale AI, Deel, Helion Energy, Starcloud, and Twitch.
Sassy Girl Chun-hyang
Sassy Girl Chun-hyang (Korean: 쾌걸 춘향) is a 2005 South Korean television series starring Han Chae-young in the title role, along with Jae Hee, Uhm Tae-woong and Park Si-eun. It aired from January 3 to March 1, 2005, on KBS2's Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 time slot for 17 episodes.

A modern retelling of the classic Korean Chunhyangjeon ("Tale of Chunhyang"), the romantic comedy series was called "fusion-style" for, among others, mixing rap with pansori in the background music.

This is the first Korean drama written by Hong Jung-eun and Hong Mi-ran (collectively called the Hong sisters), and remains the highest-rated in their filmography, with a peak viewership rating of 32.2%.

Chunhyangjeon
Chunhyangjeon (Korean: 춘향전; Hanja: 春香傳; lit. The Story of Chunhyang or The Tale of Chunhyang) is one of the best known love stories and folk tales of Korea. It is based on the pansori Chunhyangga, the most famous of the five surviving pansori tales.

Date of composition and author are unknown and the present form took shape between 1694 and 1834.
Express Payment System
The Express Payment System, more commonly known as the EPS, was the EFTPOS system originally of the ATM cards of Bank of the Philippine Islands and its subsidiaries, BPI Family Savings Bank and BPI Direct Savings Bank. Today, it is the EFTPOS system of the Expressnet interbank network in the Philippines. The system is the most popular EFTPOS system for ATM cardholders in the Philippines and is accepted nationwide. Rivals of the network include MegaLink's PayLink and the similarly named BancNet Payment System (BPS).

Bank of the Philippine Islands
The Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) is a Philippine universal bank headquartered in Makati. It is the oldest bank in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia. It is the fourth largest bank in terms of assets, the second largest bank in terms of market capitalization, and one of the most profitable banks in the Philippines. The bank has a network of over 900 branches in the Philippines, Hong Kong and Europe, and more than 3,000 ATMs and CDMs (cash deposit machines).

BPI was founded during the Spanish colonial era of the Philippines as El Banco Español Filipino de Isabel II. It provided credit to the National Treasury and printed and issued the Philippine peso fuerte, a precursor to today's Philippine peso.
Queen Sohŏn
Queen Sohŏn (Korean: 소헌왕후 심씨; 20 October 1395 – 28 April 1446), of the Cheongsong Sim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of Yi Do (King Sejong) and the mother of Yi Hyang (King Munjong) and Yi Yu (King Sejo). She was queen consort of Joseon and honoured as Queen Kong (공비) from 1418 until her death in 1446.

Queen Wŏn'gyŏng
Queen Wŏn'gyŏng (Korean: 원경왕후 민씨; 6 August 1365 – 27 August 1420) of the Yeoheung Min clan, was the primary wife of King Taejong of Joseon, and the mother of Sejong the Great.

She was queen consort of Joseon from 1400, and was honored as Consort Chŏng (정비) until her husband became king emeritus in 1418 after which she was honoured as Queen Dowager Hudŏk (후덕왕대비).
Distance of closest approach
The distance of closest approach of two objects is the distance between their centers when they are externally tangent. The objects may be geometric shapes or physical particles with well-defined boundaries.  The distance of closest approach is sometimes referred to as the contact distance.

For the simplest objects, spheres, the distance of closest approach is simply the sum of their radii.  For non-spherical objects, the distance of closest approach is a function of the orientation of the objects, and its calculation can be difficult.  The maximum packing density of hard particles, an important problem of ongoing interest, depends on their distance of closest approach.

The interactions of particles typically depend on their separation, and the distance of closest approach plays an important role in determining the behavior of condensed matter systems.

Shape
A shape is a graphical representation of an object's form or its external boundary, outline, or external surface. It is distinct from other object properties, such as color, texture, or material type.
In geometry, shape excludes information about the object's position, size, orientation and chirality.
A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth).

A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes.
A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).
Kariong Mountains High School
Kariong Mountains High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Kariong, a suburb of Gosford, in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.

Established on 22 February 2010 for students in Year 7 and Year 8 only, the school enrolled 540 students in 2018, from Year 7 to Year 12, of whom five percent identified as Indigenous Australians and ten percent were from a language background other than English. The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education; the principal is Anne Vine.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Martinus Theunis Steyn
Martinus (or Marthinus) Theunis Steyn (Afrikaans pronunciation: [stəin]; 2 October 1857 – 28 November 1916) was a South African lawyer, politician, and statesman. He was the sixth and last president of the independent Orange Free State from 1896 to 1902.

Johannes Brand
Sir Johannes Henricus Brand, GCMG (popularly known as Sir Jan Brand and sometimes as Sir John Henry Brand or Jan Henrick Brand; 6 December 1823 – 14 July 1888) was a lawyer and politician who served as the fourth state president of the Orange Free State, from 2 February 1864 until his death in 1888. He was the son of Sir Christoffel Joseph Brand (1797–1875), speaker of the Cape legislative assembly, and Catharina Fredrica Küchler.

Johannes Brand married in 1851 to Johanna Sibella Zastron, a daughter of the Registrar of Deeds in Cape Town. The couple had 8 sons and 3 daughters.
Shikha Pandey
Squadron Leader Shikha Pandey (born 12 May 1989) is an Indian cricketer and former officer in the Indian Air Force. She plays for the national cricket team as a right-arm medium pacer and middle-order batter, and was an IAF air traffic control officer.

Pandey made her international Twenty20 (T20I) debut on 9 March 2014 against Bangladesh at Cox's Bazar cricket stadium in Bangladesh. In August of the same year, she made her One Day International (ODI) and Test debuts against England at Wormsley and Scarborough, respectively.

Women's Test cricket
Women's Test cricket is the longest format of women's cricket and is the female equivalent to men's Test cricket. Matches comprise four-innings and are held over a maximum of four days between two of the leading cricketing nations. The rules governing the format differ little from those for the men's game, with differences generally being technicalities surrounding umpiring and field size.

The first women's Test match was played by England women and Australia women in December 1934, a three-day contest held in Brisbane which England won by nine wickets. A total of 149 Women's Test matches have been played. Far fewer matches are played each year in favour of Women's One Day Internationals and Women's Twenty20 Internationals, with the international calendar revolving around the shorter formats of the game.