hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Caulfield (Irish footballer)
John Caulfield (born 11 October 1964) is an Irish football coach and former player who is the manager of Galway United.

Caulfield spent the majority of his playing career at Cork City and was a member of the team that won the 1992–93 League of Ireland Premier Division. He was also the League of Ireland Premier Division Top Scorer in both 1991–92 and 1994–95.

As a manager, Caulfield has won the 2016 FAI Cup, 2017 FAI Cup and 2017 League of Ireland Premier Division with Cork City.

Caulfield has also played Gaelic football and represented both Roscommon and Cork at inter-county level, winning an All-Ireland title with the latter.

2016 FAI Cup
The 2016 FAI Senior Challenge Cup, also known as the 2016 FAI Irish Daily Mail Senior Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the 96th season of the national Football competition of the Republic of Ireland. The winners of the competition earned a spot in the First qualifying round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League.

A total of 40 teams competed in the 2016 competition, which commenced in April 2016. The teams entered from the 2016 League of Ireland
Premier Division and First Division received byes into the second round stage. Four non-league teams also received byes to the second round. The remaining 12 teams entered at the first round stage. These non league teams are composed of the sixteen clubs which reached the fourth round of the 2015–16 FAI Intermediate Cup, and the semi-finalists of the 2015–16 FAI Junior Cup.

Cork City won the cup with a late extra-time goal for a 1-0 win against Dundalk in the final on 6 November.
Thoas (son of Jason)
In Greek mythology, Thoas (Ancient Greek: Θόας, "fleet, swift") was a son of Jason and Hypsipyle, and a grandson of the Lemnian king Thoas, and the twin brother of Euneus. Thoas and Euneus took part in the funeral games of the Nemean king Lycurgus' infant son Opheltes, after which they succeeded in rescuing their mother Hypsipyle from her servitude.

Nemea
Nemea (/ˈniːmiə/; Ancient Greek: Νεμέα; Ionic Greek: Νεμέη) is an ancient site in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. Formerly part of the territory of Cleonae in ancient Argolis, it is today situated in the regional unit of Corinthia. The small village of Archaia Nemea (formerly known as "Iraklion") is immediately southwest of the archaeological site, while the new town of Nemea lies to the west.

In Greek mythology, Nemea was the location of Heracles's battle with the Nemean Lion, and in antiquity it was site of the Nemean Games (ending c. 235 BC), which were celebrated in the eleven Nemean odes of Pindar.
Military of the Mongol Empire
During the Mongol invasions and conquests, which began under Genghis Khan in 1206–1207, the Mongol army conquered most of continental Asia, including parts of West Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe, with further (albeit eventually unsuccessful) military expeditions to various other regions including Japan, Indonesia and India. The efforts of Mongol troops and their allies enabled the Mongol Empire to become the contemporarily largest polity in human history. Today, the former Mongol Empire remains the world's largest polity to have ever existed in terms of contiguous land area and the second-largest polity overall, behind only the British Empire.

Mongol invasions of Japan
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the origin of the word kamikaze (神風  "divine wind"), first used to describe the typhoons that destroyed the Mongol invasion fleets in the 13th century. The term was later adopted in the 20th century to describe Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their aircraft into enemy warships during the last years of World War II.

The invasions were one of the earliest cases of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs.
Emma Malewski
Emma Leonie Malewski (born July 18, 2004) is a German artistic gymnast who represented Germany at the inaugural Junior World Championships. She is the 2022 European champion on the balance beam, and was part of the first German team to ever win a European team medal in women's artistic gymnastics.

2022 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 34th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held from 11–14 August 2022 in Munich, Germany as part of the second multi-sport European Championships.  There were 37 nations who sent athletes.  Athletes from Russia and Belarus were banned due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Maxfield (horse)
Maxfield (foaled  February 17, 2017) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Breeders' Futurity Stakes at age two, the Matt Winn and Tenacious Stakes at age three, and the Mineshaft, Alysheba Stakes and Stephen Foster Stakes at age four.

Mineshaft Stakes
The Mineshaft Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for four-year-olds and older run over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on the dirt in mid-February at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event currently offers a purse of $250,000.
Augusto Santos Silva
Augusto Ernesto dos Santos Silva GCL GCC (born 20 August 1956) is a Portuguese sociologist, university professor, and politician who served as the President of the Assembly of the Republic between 2022 and 2024, in the 15th Legislature. From November 2015 to March 2022, he was the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs, in the XXI and XXII Constitutional Governments led by Prime Minister António Costa.

Santos Silva had previously served in a number of ministerial roles, namely Minister of Education (2000–2001), Minister of Culture (2001–2002), Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (2005–2009), and Minister of National Defence (2009–2011), having joined the Socialist Party in 1990.

Ministry of National Defence (Portugal)
The Ministry of National Defence (Portuguese: Ministério da Defesa Nacional or MDN) is a Portuguese government ministry, which is responsible for preparing and executing the national defence policy, within the scope of its powers, as well as ensuring and supervising the administration of the Portuguese Armed Forces.
Edwin A. Lahey
Edwin A. Lahey (1902–1969) was a 20th-century American journalist, known for his coverage of Al Capone and John Dillinger, the labor beat, and personal knowledge of Philip Murray, Lee Pressman, James Carey, John L. Lewis, Robert A. Taft, and Thomas E. Dewey. US Representative William H. Ayres called him "a crusader for all of us in these United States of America," while Knight Newspapers's John S. Knight, called him "the best newspaper reporter in my profession."

Philip Murray
Philip Murray (May 25, 1886 – November 9, 1952) was a Scottish-born steelworker and an American labor leader. He was the first president of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC), the first president of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA), and the longest-serving president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
Aceclidine
Aceclidine is a parasympathomimetic cholinergic drug that functions as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is used in ophthalmology as a miotic agent to constrict the pupil. Historically used in Europe for the treatment of glaucoma, aceclidine received its first U.S. approval in 2025 under the brand name Vizz as a topical eye drop for the correction of presbyopia. Its mechanism of action produces pupil contraction with a relatively minimal effect on the ciliary muscle, which improves near visual acuity through a "pinhole" depth-of-field effect without inducing significant accommodative spasm.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of sweat glands.

Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or antagonists.
Jim Hogg
James Stephen Hogg (March 24, 1851 – March 3, 1906) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 20th governor of Texas from 1891 to 1895. He was born near Rusk, Texas. Hogg was a follower of the conservative New South Creed which became popular following the U.S. Civil War, and was also associated with populism. He was the first Texas Governor to have been born in the state.

Hogg is often remembered for naming his daughter Ima, an odd name which derived from a poem written by James's brother, Thomas Elisha Hogg. The story that she had a sister or sisters with odd names (proposed names including "Hoosa", "Ura" and "Wera") is an urban legend.

Hogg's time as governor was notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive reforms.

Urban legend
Urban legend (sometimes modern legend, urban myth, or simply legend) is a genre of folklore concerning stories about an unusual (usually scary) or humorous event that many people believe to be true but largely are not.

These legends can be entertaining but often concern mysterious and troubling events, such as disappearances and strange objects or entities. Urban legends may confirm moral standards, reflect prejudices, or be a way to make sense of societal anxieties.

In the past, urban legends were most often circulated orally, at gatherings and around the campfire for instance. Now, they can be spread by any media, including newspapers, mobile news apps, e-mail, and most often, social media.  Some urban legends have passed through the years/decades with only minor changes, in where the time period takes place. Generic urban legends are often altered to suit regional variations, but the lesson or moral generally remains the same.
Veronica Hollinger
Veronica Hollinger (1947- ) is a Canadian science fiction scholar and editor.

Her work has been recognized with the Lifetime Contribution award from the Science Fiction Research Association (SFRA) in 2021, the Thomas D. Clareson Award for Distinguished Service in 2018 and the inaugural SFRA Pioneer Award in 1990.

Hollinger has co-edited Science Fiction Studies since 1991 and taught at Trent University until her 2016 retirement.  She was educated at Marianopolis College (BA), Newcastle University (MEd), and Concordia University (MA and PhD).

Her articles and book chapters have explored climate fiction, feminist science fiction, sexuality and science fiction, Chinese science fiction postmodernism, and vampires as well as the writings of Mary Shelley, James Tiptree Jr., Margaret Atwood, and Gwyneth Jones.

Science Fiction Research Association
The Science Fiction Research Association (SFRA), founded in 1970, is the oldest, non-profit professional organization committed to encouraging, facilitating, and rewarding the study of science fiction and fantasy literature, film, and other media.  The organization’s international membership includes academically affiliated scholars, librarians, and archivists, as well as authors, editors, publishers, and readers.  In addition to its facilitating the exchange of ideas within a network of science fiction and fantasy experts, SFRA holds an annual conference for the critical discussion of science fiction and fantasy where it confers a number of awards, and it produces the quarterly publication, SFRA Review, which features reviews, review essays, articles, interviews, and professional announcements.
Sharklet (material)
Sharklet, manufactured by Sharklet Technologies, is a bio-inspired plastic sheet product structured to impede microorganism growth, particularly bacterial growth. It is marketed for use in hospitals and other places with a relatively high potential for bacteria to spread and cause infections.

The inspiration for Sharklet's texture came through analysis of the texture of shark skin, which does not attract barnacles or other biofouling, unlike ship hulls and other smooth surfaces. The texture was later found to also repel microbial activity.

Bioinspiration
Bioinspiration refers to the human development of novel materials, devices, structures, and behaviors inspired by solutions found in biological organisms, where they have evolved and been refined over millions of years. The goal is to improve modeling and simulation of the biological system to attain a better understanding of nature's critical structural features, such as a wing, for use in future bioinspired designs. Bioinspiration differs from biomimicry in that the latter aims to precisely replicate the designs of biological materials. Bioinspired research is a return to the classical origins of science: it is a field based on observing the remarkable functions that characterize living organisms and trying to abstract and imitate those functions.
The Narrows, Manitoba
The Narrows is an unincorporated community in the Interlake region of Manitoba, Canada, situated on the northern part of Lake Manitoba within the Rural Municipality of West Interlake.

It is notable as the only place where Lake Manitoba can be crossed by bridge, the Lake Manitoba Narrows Bridge, which was built in the late 1960s.

There are two Lake St. Martin First Nation reserves (The Narrows 49 and Narrows 49 A) located in the surrounding areas.

A site on the west side of The Narrows is believed to the only thunderbird nest in western Manitoba, although several occur in eastern Manitoba.

Lake Manitoba
Lake Manitoba (French: Lac Manitoba) is the 14th largest lake in Canada and the 31st largest lake in the world with a total area of 4,624 square kilometres (1,785 sq mi). It is located within the Canadian province of Manitoba about 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of the province's capital, Winnipeg, at 50°59′N 98°48′W﻿ / ﻿50.983°N 98.800°W﻿ / 50.983; -98.800.
Battle of Malolo
The Battle of Malolo also called the Massacre of Malolo, was the second of two punitive expeditions that occurred during the 1840 Fiji expedition of the overall United States Exploring Expedition (a.k.a. the Wilkes Expedition or the Ex. Ex.) between the United States Navy and Marine Corps vs the aforementioned Fijian villages. The catalyst was the firing of a gun amidst negotiations for food between Lieutenant Joseph Underwood and the unnamed Fijian chief of Sualib village located on Malolo island. After the gun was fired Underwood and passed midshipman Wilkes Henry (the Nephew of the Ex. Ex.'s commander Lieutenant Charles Wilkes), were both killed along with ten natives in the opening skirmish for the two day battle. Wilkes had the men buried and the next day Wilkes launched a counter attack that saw the villages of Sualib and the associated village of Arro destroyed along with much of the hinterland and populace of the villages.: 278–334 : 186–216 : 189–233

1855 Fiji expedition
In October 1855, the United States Navy sent a warship to Fiji during the civil war on the islands. They demanded compensation from Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the Vunivalu of Bau and self-proclaimed Tui Viti (King of Fiji), in response to the alleged arson attacks on the American commercial agent in Lautoka, Viti Levu.
Split Fiction
Split Fiction is a 2025 action-adventure game developed by Hazelight Studios and published by Electronic Arts. As a cooperative multiplayer-only game, it follows authors Mio Hudson and Zoe Foster after they become imprisoned in the world of their stories when they are connected to a machine designed to steal creative ideas.

Split Fiction was released for PlayStation 5, Windows, and Xbox Series X/S on March 6, 2025, and was released on Nintendo Switch 2 on June 5. The game received critical acclaim and sold over 4 million copies as of May 6, 2025.

Cooperative video game
A cooperative video game, often abbreviated as co-op video game, is a video game that allows players to work together as teammates, usually against one or more non-player character opponents (PvE). Co-op games can be played locally using one or multiple input controllers or over a network via local area networks, wide area networks, or the Internet.

Co-op gameplay has gained popularity as controller and networking technology has developed. On PCs, consoles and mobile devices, cooperative games have become increasingly common, and many genres of games—including shooter games, sports games, real-time strategy games, and massively multiplayer online games—include co-op modes.

In 2025, cooperative games (specifically non-MMO games such as Lethal Company, R.E.P.O. and PEAK) gained the derogatory slang term Friendslop, coined alongside the complementary term "Friendfarming".
Hyundai Mighty II
The Hyundai Mighty II (hangul:현대 마이티 투, 현대 마이티 II) is a line of medium-duty commercial vehicles built by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available in Korea and some other Asian countries, although it was also sold in the United States. The Mighty II was manufactured beginning in August 1997 with the first cars going to Korea. Other regions for which the Mighty II was imported or manufactured included Europe, the Middle East, and North America. In many markets the Mighty II was very expensive and was replaced by the Hyundai Truck when that model became available. Production of the Mighty II ended in 2004.

The overseas was another important market for the Mighty II - to the extent that it was manufactured there from the 1990s using many local components.

Most models of the truck are distinguishable by a front 'Mighty II' and 'Mighty II HSV' badge, but the common Hyundai badge is usually used on the rear.

In United States, it was also sold as the Bering LD.

Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company, often referred to as Hyundai Motors (Korean: 현대자동차) and commonly known as Hyundai (현대; [ˈhjəːndɛ]; 'modernity'), is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, which was founded in 1967. Currently, the company owns 33.88 percent of Kia Corporation, and owns a luxury cars subsidiary, Genesis. The three brands altogether make up the Hyundai Motor Group.

Hyundai operates the second largest automobile manufacturing facility in the world in Ulsan, South Korea which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units. The company employs approximately 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. As of November 2024, Hyundai is the world's third-largest carmaker in terms of production, behind competitors Toyota and Volkswagen.
Iden Versio
Iden Versio is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. She is the commander of Inferno Squad, a group of elite Imperial soldiers, who eventually defects to the Rebel Alliance. Iden is the player character of the 2017 video game Star Wars Battlefront II, an action shooter developed by EA DICE, in collaboration with Criterion Games and Motive Studios. She serves as the main protagonist of the game's single-player campaign, in which she is voiced and portrayed via motion capture by Janina Gavankar.

DICE (company)
EA Digital Illusions CE AB (trade name: DICE) is a Swedish video game developer based in Stockholm. The company was founded in 1992 and has been a subsidiary of Electronic Arts since 2006. Its releases include the Battlefield, Mirror's Edge and Star Wars: Battlefront series. Through their Frostbite Labs division, the company also develops the Frostbite game engine.
Burgh Castle (Roman fortification)
Burgh Castle is the site of one of nine Roman Saxon Shore forts constructed in England around the 3rd century AD, to hold troops as a defence against Saxon raids up the rivers of the east and south coasts of southern Britain. It is located on the summit of ground sloping steeply towards the estuary of the River Waveney, in the civil parish of Burgh Castle, in the county of Norfolk (but until 1974 in Suffolk).

This fort was possibly known as Gariannonum, although the single record that uses the name may perhaps be referring to the Roman site at Caister-on-Sea. Between the mid-7th and 9th centuries the site was possibly occupied by a monastic settlement, and in the 11th and 12th centuries a Norman motte and bailey castle existed there.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Türgesh
The Türgesh or Türgish (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑, romanized: Türügeš budun, lit. 'Türgesh people'; simplified Chinese: 突骑施; traditional Chinese: 突騎施; pinyin: Tūqíshī; Wade–Giles: T'u-ch'i-shih; Old Tibetan: Du-rgyas) were a Turkic tribal confederation. Once belonging to the Duolu wing of the Western Turkic On Oq elites, Türgeshes emerged as an independent power after the demise of the Western Turks and established a khaganate in 699. The Türgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. Türgesh and Göktürks were related through marriage.

Old Turkic
Old Turkic, also known as East Old Turkic, was a Siberian Turkic language spoken around East Turkistan and Mongolia. It was first discovered in inscriptions originating from the Second Turkic Khaganate, and later the Uyghur Khaganate, making it the earliest attested Common Turkic language. In terms of the datability of extant written sources, the period of Old Turkic can be dated from slightly before 720 AD to the Mongol invasions of the 13th century.
Chemmy Alcott
Chimene Mary Crawford-Alcott (née Alcott; born 10 July 1982) is an English former World Cup alpine ski racer. She competed in all five disciplines: downhill, super G, giant slalom, slalom and combined.

Alcott competed in four Winter Olympic Games and seven FIS World Championships and has been overall British national champion seven times (1999, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009) and overall British ladies' champion eight times. She retired from international competition following the 2014 season.

Super-G
Super giant slalom, or super-G, is a racing discipline of alpine skiing. Along with the faster downhill, it is regarded as a "speed" event, in contrast to the technical events giant slalom and slalom. It debuted as an official World Cup event during the 1983 season and was added to the official schedule of the World Championships in 1987 and the Winter Olympics in 1988.

Much like downhill, a super-G course consists of widely set gates that racers must pass through. The course is set so that skiers must turn more than in downhill, though the speeds are still much higher than in giant slalom (hence the name). Each athlete only has one run to clock the best time. In the Olympics, super-G courses are usually set on the same slopes as the downhill, but with a lower starting point.