hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chicken soup
Chicken soup is a soup made from chicken, simmered in water, usually with various other ingredients. The classic chicken soup consists of a clear chicken broth, often with pieces of chicken or vegetables; common additions are pasta, noodles, dumplings, carrots, potatoes, or grains such as rice and barley. Chicken soup is commonly considered a comfort food.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
The Coffinshakers
The Coffinshakers are a Swedish Gothic country band formed in 1995 in Karlstad by vocalist and guitarist Rob Coffinshaker (Robert Fjällsby). The group plays country and rockabilly with Gothic horror themes and imagery.

Gothic country
Gothic country (sometimes referred to as gothic Americana, Southern Gothic, the Denver sound, or dark country) is a genre of country music rooted in early jazz, gospel, Americana, gothic rock, and post-punk. Its lyrics focus on dark subject matters. The genre has a regional scene in Denver.
Der Junge, der rennt
Der Junge, der rennt (English: The Boy Who Runs) is the second studio album by German recording artist Max Giesinger. It was released by BMG Rights Management on 8 April 2016 in German-speaking Europe.

Max Giesinger
Max Giesinger is a German singer-songwriter and musician. He first gained widespread popularity with his single "80 Millionen", placing as high as second position in the German charts. His music is usually labeled as pop and pop-rock.
Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge
The Ještěd–Kozákov Ridge (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɛʃcɛt ˈkozaːkof]; Czech: Ještědsko-kozákovský hřbet) is a ridge and geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is part of the Western Sudetes. The vast majority lies in the Liberec Region.

Western Sudetes
The Western Sudetes (Polish: Sudety Zachodnie; Czech: Krkonošská oblast; German: Westsudeten) are a geomorphological macroregion, the western part of the Sudetes subprovince on the borders of the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany.
Rosabetty Muñoz
Rosabetty Muñoz Serón (born 9 September 1960) is a Chilean poet and professor who is linked to the cultural movements Chaicura from Ancud, Aumen from Castro, and Índice and Matra from Valdivia. She is a recipient of the Pablo Neruda Award and the Poetry Altazor Award of the National Arts.

Altazor Award
The Altazor Award of the National Arts or simply Altazor, was a Chilean award awarded annually.  The winners are chosen by the own creators and performers of the arts.  They were established in 1958, but were not awarded until 1999.  The award consists of a cast-iron sculpture created by sculptor Sergio Castillo and a diploma.  They were named in honor of Vicente Huidobro's work.
Michael Lehning
Michael Lehning (born 1967) is a German and Swiss environmental and atmospheric scientist. He is a professor of environmental engineering at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), the head of EPFL's Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, and head of the group Snow Processes at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL).

Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
The Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL (short WSL, German: Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL, French: Institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage WSL, Italian: Istituto federale di ricerca per la foresta, la neve e il paesaggio WSL) is a research organisation specialising in on forests, landscapes, biodiversity, natural hazards, snow and ice.

As of the end of 2024, WSL employed approximately 650 people. In addition to its headquarters in Birmensdorf and the SLF in Davos, it has operated branch offices in Lausanne and Cadenazzo since 1991 and in Sion since 1996.
2012–13 1. Liga Promotion
The 2012–13 season of the 1. Liga Promotion was the initial season of this league, the 3rd division of Swiss Football and is the third level of the football hierarchy in Switzerland, behind the Super League and the Challenge League. The Championship had 16 teams and each team played 30 games. The champions of this division would be promoted and the last two teams would be relegated.

Promotion League
The Promotion League, named the Hoval Promotion League for sponsorship reasons, is the third tier of the Swiss football league system. Eighteen clubs compete in the league, playing each other twice over course of the season. The champions are promoted to the second tier, the Challenge League, while the bottom two teams are relegated to the 1st League Classic.

The league forms the semi-professional bridge to amateur football.
Soham Chakraborty
Soham Chakraborty (born 4 March 1984) is an Indian actor, producer, television personality and politician. He has appeared in more than 100 Bengali films, as child artist (Master Bittu) and as male lead. He earned numerous accolades, including Uttam Kumar Awards, BFJA Awards and Star Jalsha Entertainment Awards. Chakraborty has a significant following in West Bengal, Assam and other adjacent states in India and Bangladesh. He is a member of Trinamool Congress. He contested 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election from Borjora Constituency.
He won the General election 2021 from Chandipur constituency  by a margin of 14000 votes. He was sworn in as Member of Legislative Assembly on 2 May 2021.

Trinamool Congress
The Trinamool Congress (TMC; transl. Grassroots Congress), officially All India Trinamool Congress, is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. It was founded by Mamata Banerjee on 1 January 1998 as a breakaway faction of the Indian National Congress and rapidly rose to prominence in the politics of West Bengal under her leadership. Presently, it is ruling the state of West Bengal beside being the third-largest party in India in terms of number of MPs just after the Bharatiya Janata Party and National Congress.

The party won a historic victory in the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election by ending the 34-year-long Left Front rule, world's longest democratically elected communist government. It has won a three-time majority in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and has been the ruling party in West Bengal since 20 May 2011. AITC is led by Mamata Banerjee as the chairperson of the party.
John Shields (explorer)
Private John Shields (c. 1769–1809) was, at about 35 years old, the second oldest member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and its oldest enlisted member. Shields, born in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, moved at about 14 years old to the wilderness of Tennessee, helped build and lived in a family fort that provided protection from Native Americans, traveled with Captain Meriwether Lewis, Second Lieutenant William Clark, and Native American Sacagawea to the Oregon Coast where he helped build Fort Clatsop, and then returned to St. Louis, Missouri. At the completion of this great adventure Shields hunted and trapped with the famous American pioneer Daniel Boone.

William Clark
William Clark (August 1, 1770 – September 1, 1838) was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri.

Along with Meriwether Lewis, Clark led the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804–1806 across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean, the first major effort to explore and map much of what is now the Western United States and to assert American claims to the Pacific Northwest. Before the expedition, he served in a militia and the United States Army. Afterward, he served in a militia and as governor of the Missouri Territory. From 1822 until his death in 1838, he served as a U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs in St. Louis.
Elrio van Heerden
Elrio van Heerden (/ˈɛlrioʊ væn ˈhɪərdən/, Afrikaans: [ˈɛlrjuə fan ˈɦiərdən]; born 11 July 1983) is a South African retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder for the likes of Copenhagen, Club Brugge and Blackburn Rovers, among other clubs. He was previously also been an established member of the South Africa national team, representing the nation from 2004 to 2009.

F.C. Copenhagen
Football Club Copenhagen (Danish: Football Club København, pronounced [kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀn]), commonly known as F.C. København, F.C. Copenhagen, Copenhagen, or simply FCK, is a Danish professional football club based in Frederiksberg, FCK was founded in 1992 as a superstructure on top of Kjøbenhavns Boldklub and Boldklubben 1903.

F.C. Copenhagen has won a record 16 Danish Football Championships and a record 10 Danish Cups. In European football F.C. Copenhagen has reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League and the group stage of the UEFA Europa League more times than any other Danish club.

Copenhagen plays its matches at the Parken Stadium, which also serves as the venue for Denmark national football team matches. Since their foundation, FCK have developed a fierce rivalry with Brøndby IF. The Copenhagen Derby games between the two sides have attracted some of the biggest crowds in Danish football history.
Electoral history of Lester B. Pearson
This article is the Electoral history of Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada.

A Liberal, he served one term as prime minister (1963–1968).  He led the Liberal Party in  four general elections, losing two (1958 and 1962) to John Diefenbaker, and winning two (1963 and 1965), defeating Diefenbaker both times. Both victories resulted in hung parliaments and he formed two minority governments.  He retired in 1968 and was succeeded by Pierre Trudeau.

Pearson stood for election to the House of Commons of Canada eight times, all for the riding of Algoma East in northern Ontario.  He was elected each time.

1963 Canadian federal election
The 1963 Canadian federal election was held on April 8, 1963, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative (Tory) government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with the Liberals returning to power for the first time in 6 years, where they would remain for twenty of the next twenty-one years (winning every election except the 1979 election until their landslide defeat in 1984).  For the Social Credit Party, despite getting their highest ever share of the vote, the party lost 6 seats compared to its high-water mark in 1962.

The 1963 election was the first in which all of the Northwest Territories were contained in an electoral district, and consequently the first in which 100% of Canadian territory was represented in Parliament.
My Name Is Han
My Name Is Han is a 1948 black-and-white short docudrama produced by the International Film Foundation for the Protestant Film Commission. Shot on location in China and using only native Chinese non-professional actors, the film focuses on the work of Christian missionaries in China through the depiction of a minister, a doctor, a teacher, and an agricultural specialist. The plot centers around Han, a farmer who is battered by war, destruction, poverty, and hardship, yet refuses to accept the healing power of faith. But as he sees the effect of church teachings on his wife, his children, and his neighbors, and even benefits personally from Christian doctrine, he begins to accept Christ into his life. The film was the second in a series of short films developed under the auspices of the Protestant Film Commission for noncommercial release to denominational churches across the United States and Canada.

Julien Bryan
Julien Hequembourg Bryan (23 May 1899 in Titusville, Pennsylvania – 20 October 1974) was an American photographer, filmmaker, and documentarian who documented the daily life in Poland, Soviet Union, and Nazi Germany between 1935 and 1939, in the leadup to and early days of the Second World War.
He was honored with a Decoration of Honor Meritorious for Polish Culture during his last visit in Poland (1974) for showing the truth about the Invasion of Poland.

His documentary film Siege reported on Poland's defense of its capital against Nazi Germany in September 1939. It is stored and viewable online at the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in a digitally restored form in HD.
McDonagh
The surname McDonagh, also spelled MacDonagh is from the Irish language Mac Dhonnchadha, and is now one of the rarer surnames of Ireland.

Mac Dhonnchadha, Mac Donnchadha,  Mac Donnacha or Mac Donnchaidh or   Mac Donnacha is the original form of McDonagh

These surnames are found in their greatest numbers in Connacht (Connaught), especially the counties  of Sligo, Roscommon and Galway.

Dhonnchadha, literally translated from the Irish language, means "brown warrior". The prefix mac  means "son of". The MacDonaghs are renowned actors, playwrights, and revolutionaries, including the likes of Hugh MacDonagh (Actor - Evelyn), Martin McDonagh (Playwright) and Thomas MacDonagh (a leader of the 1916 Easter Rising).

Thomas MacDonagh
Thomas Stanislaus MacDonagh (Irish: Tomás Anéislis Mac Donnchadha; 1 February 1878 – 3 May 1916) was an Irish political activist, poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader. He was one of the seven leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, a signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic and Commandant of the 2nd Battalion, Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers, which fought in Jacob's biscuit factory. He was executed for his part in the Rising at the age of thirty-eight.

MacDonagh was assistant headmaster at St. Enda's School, Scoil Éanna, and lecturer in English at University College Dublin. He was a member of the Gaelic League, where he befriended Patrick Pearse and Eoin MacNeill. He was a founding member of the Irish Volunteers with MacNeill and Pearse. He wrote poetry and plays. His play, When the Dawn is Come, was produced by the Abbey Theatre in 1908. Other plays include Metempsychosis, 1912 and Pagans, 1915, both produced by the Irish Theatre Company.
Battle of Chegem
The Battle of Chegem was a significant engagement during the Kabardian Uprising of 1804, part of the broader Russo-Caucasian War. It took place on May 9, 1804, between the forces of the Russian Empire and a coalition of Kabardians, Chegemians, Balkars, Karachays, and Ossetians. The battle was part of an anti-colonial rebellion aimed at resisting Russian expansion into Kabarda and the construction of Kislovodsk fortress.

Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (Russian: Кислово́дск; Kabardian: Нартсанэ; Karachay-Balkar: Ачысуу) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, in the North Caucasus region of Russia which is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. It is part of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
Liu Liangmo
Liu Liangmo (Chinese: t 劉良模, s 刘良模, p Liú Liángmó)  (6 November 1909 – 8 August 1988) was a musician and Chinese Christian leader known for his promotion of the patriotic mass singing movement in the 1930s and promotion in the United States of support for China's resistance to Japan in World War II. He was a leader in the Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) after 1949.

Three-Self Patriotic Movement
The Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM; Chinese: 三自爱国运动; pinyin: Sānzì Àiguó Yùndòng) is the official government supervisory organ for Protestantism in the People's Republic of China. It is colloquially known as the Three-Self Church (Chinese: 三自教会; pinyin: Sānzì Jiàohuì).

The National Committee of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China (Chinese: 中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Jīdūjiào Sānzì Àiguó Yùndòng Wěiyuánhuì) and the China Christian Council (CCC) are known in China as the lianghui (two organizations). Together, they form the state-sanctioned Protestant church in mainland China. They are overseen by the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following the State Administration for Religious Affairs' absorption into the UFWD in 2018.
Jacob of Edessa
Jacob of Edessa or James of Edessa (Syriac: ܝܰܥܩܽܘܒ ܐܽܘܪܗܰܝܳܐ, romanized: Yaʿqub Urhāyā; c. 640 – 5 June 708) was a Syriac Orthodox bishop of Edessa, scholar, and translator. Renowned for his multilingual mastery, he made lasting contributions to biblical revision, canon law, grammar and liturgy, and played a key role in standardizing theological terminology. His synthesis of Greek and Syriac traditions shaped the development of Syriac Christianity and facilitated the transmission of Hellenistic thought into the Islamic world.

Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, the late Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, ranked Jacob among the greatest Syriac Orthodox Fathers, alongside Ephrem the Syrian, Jacob Baradaeus, Philoxenus of Mabbug, Severus of Antioch, and Michael the Syrian.

Severus of Antioch
Severus of Antioch (Greek: Σεβῆρος; Syriac: ܣܘܝܪܝܘܣ ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ), also known as Severus of Gaza, or the Crown of Syrians (Syriac: ܬܓܐ ܕܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ, romanized: Tagha d'Suryoye; Arabic: تاج السريان, romanized: Taj al-Suriyan), was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 512 until his death in 538. He is venerated as a saint in the Oriental Orthodox Church, and his feast day is 8 February.
Comparative responsibility
Comparative responsibility (known as comparative fault in some jurisdictions) is a doctrine of tort law that compares the fault of each party in a lawsuit for a single injury. Comparative responsibility may apply to intentional torts as well as negligence and encompasses the doctrine of comparative negligence.

Comparative responsibility divides the fault among parties by percentages, and then accordingly divides the money awarded to the plaintiff.  The plaintiff may only recover the percentage of the damages he is not at fault for.  If a plaintiff is found to be 25% at fault, he can recover only 75% of his damages.

There are several circumstances that make comparative responsibility intricate: when the plaintiff shares in fault for the damages, when a defendant who has a share of the fault cannot be included in the suit, when one of the defendants can not pay, and when there are charges of both negligence and intentional torts in the same action.

Negligence
Negligence (Latin: negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances.

Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act. The concept of negligence is linked to the obligation of individuals to exercise reasonable care in their actions and to consider foreseeable harm that their conduct might cause to other people or property. The elements of a negligence claim include the duty to act or refrain from action, breach of that duty, actual and proximate cause of harm, and damages. Someone who suffers loss caused by another's negligence may be able to sue for damages to compensate for their harm. Such loss may include physical injury, harm to property, psychiatric illness, or economic loss.
2026 U.S. Border Patrol shooting in Portland, Oregon
On January 8, 2026, two unarmed people were shot and wounded by the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at 2:15 p.m. in the Hazelwood neighborhood of Portland, Oregon. Department of Homeland Security spokesperson Tricia McLaughlin claimed that the shooting was in self-defense and that one of the victims "weaponized his vehicle and attempted to run over the law enforcement agents". Portland City Council president Elana Pirtle-Guiney said that the two were still alive. As of January 9, 2026, the Federal Bureau of Investigation was investigating the incident, and the Portland Police Bureau (PPB) secured the crime scenes shortly thereafter.

Portland Police Bureau
The Portland Police Bureau (PPB), officially the Portland Bureau of Police, is the law enforcement agency of the city of Portland, the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon.

As of December 2025, the Bureau has a staff of 816 sworn staff, 342 non-sworn administrative personnel, and 42  Public Safety Support Specialists.

Prior to 2025, when Portland operated under a city commission form of government, oversight of Portland's bureaus shifted among the five City Commissioners, with the mayor being assigned to the Police Bureau as the police commissioner due to tradition. As of January 1, 2025, the chief of police acts as the primary executive of the agency.
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is an oligomer of butadiene terminated at each end with a hydroxyl functional group. It reacts with isocyanates to form polyurethane polymers.

HTPB is a translucent liquid with a color similar to wax paper and a viscosity similar to corn syrup. The properties vary because HTPB is a mixture rather than a pure compound, and it is manufactured to meet customers' specific requirements. A typical HTPB is R-45HTLO.  This product consists of oligomeric units typically containing 40–50 butadiene molecules bonded together, with each end of the chain terminated with a hydroxyl [OH] group:

R-45HTLO has a functionality of 2.4-2.6, which means that there is (approximately) one additional hydroxyl group located along the chain for every two oligomeric units.  This provides side-to-side linkage for a stronger cured product.  HTPB is usually cured by an addition reaction with di- or poly-isocyanate compounds.

Isocyanate
In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates.  An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.

Isocyanates should not be confused with cyanate esters and isocyanides, very different families of compounds.  The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups.
Archiinocellia
Archiinocellia is an extinct genus of snakefly in the family Raphidiidae known from Eocene fossils found in western North America. The genus contains two species, the older Archiinocellia oligoneura  and the younger Archiinocellia protomaculata.  The type species is of Ypresian age and from the Horsefly Shales of British Columbia, while the younger species from the Lutetian Green River Formation in Colorado.  Archiinocellia protomaculata was first described as Agulla protomaculata, and later moved to Archiinocellia.

Lutetian
The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage or age in the Eocene. It spans the time between 48.07 and 41.03 Ma. The Lutetian is preceded by the Ypresian and is followed by the Bartonian. Together with the Bartonian it is sometimes referred to as the Middle Eocene Subepoch.