hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colin Hall Simpson
Major General Colin Hall Simpson, CBE, MC, VD (13 April 1894 – 23 August 1964) was an Australian Army officer who rose to the rank of major general as Signal Officer in Chief during the Second World War. He was one of the founders of Amcal, the largest retail pharmacy chain in Australia.

Simpson joined the Australian Imperial Force in 1916 and served on the Western Front in the Battle of Messines and Battle of Passchendaele. He was twice wounded and was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Military Cross. After the war he worked as a pharmacist and rose to the rank of colonel in the Militia. He transferred to the Australian Corps of Signals on its formation in 1925.

During the Second World War he participated in the campaigns in Greece and Syria as Chief Signals Officer of the I Corps. He returned to Australia in 1942 to become the Australian Army's Signal Officer in Chief. He also became the first Australian Corps of Signals officer to reach the rank of major general.

Major general (Australia)
Major general (abbreviated MAJGEN) is a senior rank of the Australian Army, and was created as a direct equivalent of the British military rank of major general. It is the third-highest active rank of the Australian Army (the rank of field marshal not being held by any currently serving officer), and is considered to be equivalent to a two-star rank. A major general commands a division or the equivalent.

Major general is a higher rank than brigadier, but lower than lieutenant general. Major general is the equivalent of rear admiral in the Royal Australian Navy and air vice marshal in the Royal Australian Air Force.

The insignia for a major general is the star (or 'pip') of the Order of the Bath (despite membership of the Order no longer being awarded to Australians), above a crossed Mameluke sword and baton.
Ramesh Jigajinagi
Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi (born 28 June 1952) is an Indian politician from Karnataka and currently a member of Lok Sabha. He was Union Minister of State for Drinking Water and Sanitation in 2016. He was member of the 12th , 13th, 14th, 15th  and 16th Lok Sabha. He was inducted into Narendra Modi's government as a Minister of State for Drinking Water & Sanitation on July 5, 2016. He represents the Bijapur constituency (2019–2024) and is currently a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party which he joined in 2002. He has also been a member of Janata Dal and Ramakrishna Hegde's Vedike Party and Ram Vilas Paswan's Jan Shakti Party in 2001 when Hegde was planning to retire.

14th Lok Sabha
The 14th Lok Sabha (2 June 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election, held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of the first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.

The next 15th Lok Sabha was convened after 2009 Indian general election.
Le Defi Mark Ten International
Le Defi Mark Ten International was one of the most prestigious strongman contest in the world in the 1980s and early 1990s. Staged in Quebec, Canada, it was begun as a tribute to Louis Cyr and was notable for the quality of the strength athletes it attracted, which included a number of winners of the World's Strongest Man competition, including Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Bill Kazmaier and Magnús Ver Magnússon.

Magnús Ver Magnússon
Magnús Ver Magnússon (born 23 April 1963) is an Icelandic former strongman and powerlifter. He is a four times World's Strongest Man, having won in 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, a two times Europe's Strongest Man, a World Muscle Power Classic winner and an EPF European powerlifting champion.

In his career, he won 12 international strongman competitions and another 20 national competitions (including the Iceland's Strongest Man eight times) and is regarded as one of the greatest strongmen of all-time.
Muhammad Shafi
Muhammad Shafi (24 January 1897 – 6 October 1976), often referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was a Pakistani Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school, a Hanafi jurist and mufti, he was also an authority on shari'ah, hadith, Qur'anic exegesis, and Sufism. Born in Deoband, British India, he graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, where he later taught hadith and held the post of Head mufti. He resigned in 1943 to devote his time to the Pakistan Movement. After the independence he moved to Pakistan, where he established Darul Uloom Karachi in 1951. Of his written works, his best-known is Ma'ariful Qur'an, an Urdu commentary on the Qur'an.

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (11 October 1887 – 13 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar and Pakistan Movement activist, who served as the Shaykh al-Islām of Pakistan in 1949.

He was the first to demand that Pakistan become an Islamic state. He was a religious scholar, writer, orator, politician, and an expert in Tafsir and Hadith.

Born in 1887 in Bijnor, Usmani was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was the son of Fazlur Rahman Usmani. His brother Azizur Rahman Usmani was the first Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. Usmani was the first to hoist the Flag of Pakistan at Karachi on 14 August 1947, and led the funeral prayers of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. His major work is the Tafseer-e-Usmani, which he co-authored with his teacher Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.
Hausruckviertel (National Council electoral district)
Hausruckviertel, also known as Electoral District 4C (German: Wahlkreis 4C), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the city of Wels and the districts of Eferding, Grieskirchen, Vöcklabruck and Wels Rural in the state of Upper Austria. The electoral district currently elects eight of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 273,379 registered electors.

1994 Austrian legislative election
Parliamentary elections were held in Austria on 9 October 1994. The Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) remained the largest parties, but both suffered losses to minor parties. The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) improved to 22.5% and The Greens won 7.3%. The Liberal Forum, a liberal splinter from the FPÖ, won 6.0% and entered the National Council on its first attempt. The incumbent grand coalition of the SPÖ and ÖVP was renewed.
Richard Marple
Arthur Richard Marple (March 4, 1931 – December 13, 2019), commonly known as Richard Marple or simply Dick Marple, was an American politician from the town of Hooksett, New Hampshire, who served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party. He served a total of six nonconsecutive terms, holding office from 1999 to 2000, from 2002 to 2006, and from 2014 until his death in 2019.

Hooksett, New Hampshire
Hooksett is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,871 at the 2020 census, up from 13,451 at the 2010 census. The town is located between Manchester, the state's largest city, and Concord, the state capital. A prominent landmark is Robie's Country Store, a National Historic Landmark and a frequent stop for presidential candidates during the New Hampshire primary.

The central village in town, where 5,283 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Hooksett census-designated place and is located at a bridge crossing of the Merrimack River. The town also contains the census-designated place of South Hooksett.
Iván Darío Agudelo
Iván Darío Agudelo Zapata (born August 15, 1967) is a Colombian lawyer and politician. He was a Member of the Colombian House of Representatives representing Antioquia. He is currently a senator in the Senate of Colombia. In the 2010 legislative elections, he was elected Representative to the House for Antioquia with the endorsement of the Colombian Liberal Party with 22,022 votes. In the 2014 legislative elections he was reelected with 40,356 votes into the House of Representatives. During the 2018 legislative elections, he was elected Senator of the Republic with 68,034 votes.

Senate of Colombia
The Senate of the Republic of Colombia  (Spanish: Senado de la República de Colombia) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia, with the lower house being the Chamber of Representatives. The Senate has 108 members elected for concurrent (non-rotating) four-year terms.
Acalypha hispida
Acalypha hispida, the chenille plant, is a flowering shrub which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, the subfamily Acalyphinae, and the genus Acalypha.  Acalypha is the fourth largest genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, and contains many plants native to Oceania.

Acalypha
Acalypha is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole genus of the subtribe Acalyphinae. It is one of the largest euphorb genera, with approximately 450 to 462 species. The genus name Acalypha is from the Ancient Greek ἀκαλύφη (akalúphē) ("nettle"), an alternative form of ἀκαλήφη (akalḗphē), and was inspired by the nettle-like leaves. General common names include copperleaf and three-seeded mercury. Native North American species are generally inconspicuous most of the year until the fall when their stems and foliage turn a distinctive coppery-red.

The genus is distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics, with about 60% of species native to the Americas and about 30% in Africa.
Selja Kumari
Selja Kumari (born 24 September 1962) is an Indian politician and a member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Indian parliament. She is a member of the Indian National Congress and has served as the union minister of state (independent charge) for social justice and empowerment and tourism during Manmohan Singh's premiership.

Selja was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1991 from Sirsa, a constituency that she retained in the 1996 elections. Following her election in 2009 to the Lok Sabha from Ambala, she was appointed the minister of social justice and empowerment. Selja unsuccessfully contested the general elections in 2019 from Ambala, and following that made a return to state politics, being elected the president of the Haryana unit of the Congress party later that year.

She was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 2014 to 2020. In the 2024 Indian general election, she was elected to the Lok Sabha again from the Sirsa constituency.

Ministry of Tourism (India)
The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws relating to the development and promotion of tourism in India. It facilitates the Indian department of tourism. The head of the ministry is the Minister of Tourism, held by Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.
Kaiu Shirai x Posuka Demizu: Beyond The Promised Neverland
Kaiu Shirai x Posuka Demizu: Beyond The Promised Neverland (Japanese: 白井カイウ×出水ぽすか短編集, Hepburn: Shirai Kaiu × Demizu Posuka Tanpenshū) is a Japanese anthology manga written by Kaiu Shirai and illustrated by Posuka Demizu. It features six standalone pieces of short stories published between 2016 and 2021 by the duo. The volume was published in Japan by Shueisha in September 2021. It was published in North America in November 2022 by Viz Media.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Closure with a twist
Closure with a twist is a property of subsets of an algebraic structure.  A subset  of an algebraic structure  is said to exhibit closure with a twist if for every two elements

there exists an automorphism  of  and an element  such that

where "" is notation for an operation on  preserved by .

Two examples of algebraic structures which exhibit closure with a twist are the cwatset and the generalized cwatset, or GC-set.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Lighter than Orange – The Legacy of Dioxin in Vietnam
Lighter than Orange-The Legacy of Dioxin in Vietnam is a documentary by the Berlin filmmaker Matthias Leupold about the long-term consequences of American warfare in Vietnam. The film was shot in Vietnam in 2012 and has been subtitled in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Vietnamese and Russian. The film documents stories of Vietnamese veterans and their families who are affected by the gene damage caused by the defoliant Agent Orange. It contained 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (sometimes shortened, though inaccurately, to simply dioxin) with the chemical formula C12H4Cl4O2. Pure TCDD is a colorless solid with no distinguishable odor at room temperature. It is usually formed as an unwanted product in burning processes of organic materials or as a side product in organic synthesis.

TCDD is the most potent compound (congener) of its series (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, known as PCDDs or simply dioxins) and became known as a contaminant in Agent Orange, an herbicide used in the Vietnam War. TCDD was released into the environment in the Seveso disaster. It is a persistent organic pollutant.
House of Falkenstein
The Lords of Falkenstein in the Höllental (German: Herren von Falkenstein im Höllental) already so-called in von Knobloch's Upper Baden Family Book (Oberbadischem Geschlechterbuch) of 1898 to 1919, had its main family seat at Falkenstein Castle on a steep hill spur where the narrow Höllental valley opened up into the broad Dreisam valley. The name Falkenstein was borne by many noble families; Kindler of Knobloch counted six in the Upper Baden region alone: "im Höllenthale", "auf dem Schwarzwalde", "zu Rimsingen", "am Bodensee", "im Buchsgau", "im Wasgau".

Dreisam
The Dreisam (German pronunciation: [ˈdʁaɪzaːm]; Celtic: *tragisamā, "the very fast one") is a 29 km long river (48.8 km including its source river Rotbach), and a tributary of the Elz in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The waters of the Dreisam feed the famous Freiburg Bächle runnels.
Michael Robert Hogan
Michael Robert Hogan (born September 24, 1946) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. He served as chief judge from 1995 to 2002. He was based at the Wayne L. Morse United States Courthouse in Eugene, Oregon. While he was Chief Judge, he was an influential force on the design of the new courthouse. He took senior status with the court on September 24, 2011 and retired on November 1, 2012.

United States District Court for the District of Oregon
The United States District Court for the District of Oregon (in case citations, D. Ore. or D. Or.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the state of Oregon. It was created in 1859 when the state was admitted to the Union. Appellate jurisdiction belongs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). Matthew P. Deady served as its first judge.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of July 29, 2025, the interim United States attorney is Scott E. Bradford.
Ronan O'Toole
Ronan O'Toole is a Gaelic footballer for St Loman's and Westmeath.

He was a member of the team that defeated Dublin at Parnell Park in the 2019 O'Byrne Cup final, his county's first time to win that trophy since 1988. He won his second piece of silverware of 2019 when Westmeath won the 2019 National Football League Division 3 league title by a goal against Laois at Croke Park, O'Toole scored 0–2.

He was man of the match in the 2022 Tailteann Cup Final. He scored five points from play and was nominated for Footballer of the Week on GAA.ie.

O'Toole was also involved in the game's turning point when Cavan's Tomás Galligan charged at him with his shoulder and hit him straight into the face. The referee had no option but to wipe out his cards and show Galligan the red one for this offence.

As of 2022, O'Toole was an analyst with JP Morgan.

2019 National Football League (Ireland)
The 2019 National Football League, known for sponsorship reasons as the Allianz National Football League, was the 88th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for Gaelic Athletic Association county teams. Thirty-one county teams from the island of Ireland, plus London, competed; Kilkenny do not participate.

The GAA announced a new broadcast agreement on 10 January 2019, expected to run from 2019 until 2022. Eir Sport and RTÉ provided live TV coverage of the league on Saturday nights. TG4 broadcast Sunday afternoon games. The highlights programmes were RTÉ2's League Sunday on Sunday evenings, TG4's GAA 2019 on Monday evenings and Eir Sport's Allianz Leagues Reloaded on Wednesday evenings.

Mayo were the winners, defeating Kerry in the final.
Asia Rugby U19 Championship
The Under-19 Asia Rugby Championship is an annual rugby union championship for Under-19 national teams, held since 2005. The championship is organised by rugby's Asian governing body, the Asia Rugby.

The tournament serves as Asia's qualification to the next year's World Rugby U20 Trophy organised by the World Rugby.

Hong Kong are the current champions, having won their 6th successive title in Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 2019.

Asia Rugby
Asia Rugby, formerly the Asian Rugby Football Union, is the governing body of rugby union in Asia under the authority of World Rugby. Founded in 1968 by eight charter nations, the Union today has 36 member unions in countries across Asia, stretching from Kazakhstan to Guam.

The aim of Asia Rugby is "to raise physical and moral standards in Asia by education in the healthy pursuit of Rugby Football and to promote friendship among Asian countries".
Long-tailed paradigalla
The long-tailed paradigalla (Paradigalla carunculata) is a large, approximately 37 cm long, black bird-of-paradise with long and pointed tail. One of the most plain members in the family Paradisaeidae, its only adornment is the colorful facial wattles of yellow, red and sky-blue near base of the bill. Both sexes are similar in appearance, however the female is slightly duller and smaller.

One of the least known members in the family Paradisaeidae, the long-tailed paradigalla is endemic to the Arfak Mountains in Doberai Peninsula, West Papua of Indonesia.

The long-tailed paradigalla is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Bird-of-paradise
The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes. They are found mainly in New Guinea, as well as eastern Australia and the Moluccas. The family has 44 species in 17 genera. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the plumage of the males of the species, the majority of which are sexually dimorphic. The males of these species tend to have very long, elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail, or head. For the most part, they are confined to dense rainforest habitats. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent arthropods. The birds-of-paradise have a variety of breeding systems, ranging from monogamy to lek-type polygamy.

A number of species are threatened by hunting and habitat loss.
Mike Kibwage
Mike Evans Kibwage (born 1 October 1997) is a Kenya footballer who plays as a defender for Kenya Commercial Bank S.C. and the Kenya national team.
Mike a former student of Mukumu Boys High School (class of 2016), in Kakamega is considered one of the best center backs in east Africa with his composure on the ball and leadership skills unrivalled.

Kenya national football team
The Kenya national football team (Swahili: Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Kenya), colloquially known as the Harambee Stars, represents Kenya in association football. It is controlled by the Football Kenya Federation, the governing body of football in Kenya, and competes as a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and the Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations (CECAFA). The team plays its home games primarily at the Nyayo National Stadium in the capital, Nairobi.
Binary space partitioning
In computer science, binary space partitioning (BSP) is a method for space partitioning which recursively subdivides a Euclidean space into two convex sets by using hyperplanes as partitions. This process of subdividing gives rise to a representation of objects within the space in the form of a tree data structure known as a BSP tree.

Binary space partitioning was developed in the context of 3D computer graphics in 1969. The structure of a BSP tree is useful in rendering because it can efficiently give spatial information about the objects in a scene, such as objects being ordered from front-to-back with respect to a viewer at a given location. Other applications of BSP include: performing geometrical operations with shapes (constructive solid geometry) in CAD, collision detection in robotics and 3D video games, ray tracing, virtual landscape simulation, and other applications that involve the handling of complex spatial scenes.

Constructive solid geometry
Constructive solid geometry (CSG; formerly called computational binary solid geometry) is a technique used in solid modeling. Constructive solid geometry allows a modeler to create a complex surface or object by using Boolean operators to combine simpler objects, potentially generating visually complex objects by combining a few primitive ones.

In 3D computer graphics and CAD, CSG is often used in procedural modeling. CSG can also be performed on polygonal meshes, and may or may not be procedural and/or parametric.

CSG can be contrasted with polygon mesh modeling, boundary representation,  and box modeling.