hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emilia Frances Noel
Emilia Frances Noel  (9 February 1868 – 19 March 1950) was a British botanist, author, and illustrator. She was the youngest daughter of Hon. Henry Lewis Noel and granddaughter of Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough. Noel was educated at Somerville College, Oxford. She travelled extensively internationally, and is noted for her writings about and collection of Kashmir plants; her journals are now in the National Archives. She was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1905.

Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough
Charles Noel Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough (2 October 1781 – 10 June 1866), known as Charles Edwardes until 1798, as Charles Noel between 1798 and 1823 and as the Lord Barham between 1823 and 1841, was a British peer and Whig politician.
Toxic injury
A toxic injury is a type of injury resulting from exposure to a toxin. Toxic injuries can manifest as teratogenic effects, respiratory effects, gastrointestinal effects, cardiovascular effects, hepatic effects, renal effects, neurological effects, or a combination thereof. They can also produce delayed effects, including various forms of cancer and learning disability. Effects can occur after acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) exposure, depending on the toxicity, dose, and method of exposure.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Safed Sanjak
Safed Sanjak (Ottoman Turkish: سنجق صفد; Turkish: Safed Sancağı) was a sanjak (district) of Damascus Eyalet (Ottoman province of Damascus) in 1516–1660, after which it became part of the Sidon Eyalet (Ottoman province of Sidon). The sanjak was centered in Safed and spanned the Galilee, Jabal Amil and the coastal cities of Acre and Tyre. The city of Safed was made up of Muslim and Jewish townspeople. At the same time the rest of the sanjak was populated by Sunni Muslims, Bedouins, Metouali Twelver Muslims, and  Jewish and Druze peasants.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy
Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy (born 15 October 1953) is an Indian politician and liquor baron currently serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Ongole constituency in the Lok Sabha, affiliated with the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) since March 2024. Over his career, Sreenivasulu Reddy has represented Ongole in multiple Lok Sabha terms—initially as a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) in the 12th, 14th and 15th Lok Sabha, and later with the YSR Congress Party (YCP) in the 17th Lok Sabha. He transitioned to the TDP in 2024 after resigning from YCP.

Sreenivasulu Reddy has also been associated with an excise duty investigation by the Enforcement Directorate (ED), which led to the arrest of Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal. He is the younger brother of prominent politician Magunta Subbarama Reddy.

15th Lok Sabha
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.

Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 44 more seats than the previous 14th Lok Sabha. The next 16th Lok Sabha was convened after 2014 Indian general election.

The Second Manmohan Singh ministry introduced a total of 222 Bills (apart from Finance and Appropriations Bills) in the 15th Lok Sabha. A total of 165 Bills were passed by the House, including bills introduced in previous Lok Sabhas.

14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 15th Lok Sabha after the 2009 Indian general election.
Baseball national agreement
The National Agreement of 1903 was a peace treaty between the American League and National League that ended the "baseball war" and established the modern structure of Major League Baseball. The agreement, negotiated primarily by American League president Ban Johnson and key owners including Charles Comiskey, codified the reserve clause system that would control player movement for the next seven decades.

Reserve clause
The reserve clause, in North American professional sports, was part of a player contract which stated that the rights to players were retained by the team upon the contract's expiration. Players under these contracts were not free to enter into another contract with another team. Once signed to a contract, players could, at the team's discretion, be reassigned, traded, sold, or released.

The only negotiating leverage of most players was to hold out at contract time and to refuse to play unless their conditions were met. Players were bound to negotiate a new contract to play another year for the same team or to ask to be released or traded. They had no freedom to change teams unless they were given an unconditional release. In the days of the reserve clause, that was the only way a player could be a free agent.

Once common in sports, the clause was abolished in baseball in 1975. The reserve clause system has, for the most part, been replaced by free agency.
Walter Benn Michaels
Walter Benn Michaels (born 1948) is an American literary theorist and author whose areas of research include American literature (particularly 19th-century to 20th-century), critical theory, identity politics, and visual arts.

Known for challenging the "prevailing trends of postmodernist theory," Michaels has produced works connecting postmodernism, neoliberal capitalism, and socioeconomic inequality. Two of his best-known books are Our America: Nativism, Modernism and Pluralism (1995) and The Shape of the Signifier: 1967 to the End of History (2004)—the latter being adopted from his 2001 essay of the same name.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.
Western Oblast
54°47′N 32°03′E﻿ / ﻿54.783°N 32.050°E﻿ / 54.783; 32.050

Western Oblast (Russian: Западная область, romanized: Zapadnaya oblast) was an administrative-territorial unit (oblast) of the Russian SFSR from 1929 to 1937. Its seat was in the city of Smolensk. The oblast was located in the west of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Bryansk, Kaluga, Pskov, Smolensk, and Tver Oblasts.

According to the 1937 Soviet census, the population of the oblast was 4,693,495 persons. It was abolished on 27 September 1937.

Smolensk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Russian: Смоленская область, romanized: Smolenskaya oblastʹ), informally also called Smolenshchina (Смоленщина), is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative centre is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 888,421.
Wavell State High School buildings
Wavell State High School buildings are a group of heritage-listed school buildings at Wavell State High School, Telopia Avenue, Wavell Heights, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. They were designed by Department of Public Works (Queensland) and built from 1959 to 1966. They were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 27 July 2018.

Department of Housing and Public Works
The Department of Housing and Public Works is a ministerial department within the Queensland Government, tasked with providing housing, sport, digital technology, and urban design and architecture services Both Smart Service Queensland (SSQ) and Queensland Shared Services (QSS) sit within Housing and Public Works, providing whole-of-government services including HR, payroll, procurement, infrastructure, and state-wide contact centre solutions.

The department was previously called the Department of Housing, Local Government, Planning and Public Works prior to the November 2024 machinery of government changes.
Sami Hill
Samantha "Sami" Hill (born 22 November 1994) is a Canadian basketball player who played college basketball for the Virginia Tech Hokies of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). She represents Canada in international play and was named to the country's roster for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball
The Virginia Tech Hokies women's basketball team represents Virginia Tech in women's basketball. The school competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). They are currently coached by Megan Duffy.
Eaton Faning
Joseph Eaton Faning (20 May 1850 – 28 October 1927), known as Eaton Faning, was an English composer and teacher.  The son of a music teacher, he became the organist of a church at the age of twelve.  He attended the Royal Academy of Music, where his teachers included Arthur Sullivan.  He was an outstanding student, winning many awards. He joined the staff of the Academy in 1874 and later taught at the Guildhall School of Music, the Royal College of Music and Harrow School.

As a composer, Faning's works ranged from operettas, including a one-act Savoy Opera, to church music, including a Mass and a Magnificat. He also composed orchestral music including a symphony, and was best known for his songs, of which the most popular was the part-song The Vikings.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
Kehkashan
Kehkashan (Urdu: کہکشان) is one of the neighbourhoods of Saddar Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

There are several ethnic groups in Kehkashan including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras,  Ismailis, etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim. The population of Saddar Town is estimated to be nearly one million.

Saddar Town
Saddar Town  (صدر ٹاؤن) lies in the Karachi District South that forms much of the historic colonial core of Karachi, in the Sindh province of Pakistan. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, Saddar Subdivision has a population 159,363.
Cunt
Cunt (/kʌnt/ ⓘ) is a vulgar word for the vulva in its primary sense, and it is used in a variety of ways, including as a term of disparagement. It is often used as a disparaging and obscene term for a woman in the United States, an unpleasant or objectionable person (regardless of gender) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand. In Australia and New Zealand, it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt"). The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses.

Obscenity
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus, obscaenus, "boding ill; disgusting; indecent", of uncertain etymology. Generally, the term can be used to indicate strong moral repugnance and outrage in expressions such as "obscene profits" and "the obscenity of war". As a legal term, it usually refers to descriptions and depictions of people engaged in sexual and excretory activity.
Fitting length
In mathematics, specifically in the area of algebra known as group theory, the Fitting length (or nilpotent length) measures how far a solvable group is from being nilpotent. The concept is named after Hans Fitting, due to his investigations of nilpotent normal subgroups.

Solvable group
In mathematics, more specifically in the field of group theory, a solvable group or soluble group is a group that can be constructed from abelian groups using extensions.  Equivalently, a solvable group is a group whose derived series terminates in the trivial subgroup.
Cospudener See
The Cospudener See (sometimes translated as Lake Cospuden) is an artificially constructed lake situated directly on the southern outskirts of Leipzig, Germany. Leipzig, Markkleeberg and Zwenkau have shares in the lake which is on the site of a former open cast mine. The lake is popularly known as "Cossi", more rarely "Cospi", and has become highly popular with the local population, with long stretches of sand beaches (some clothing-optional, following the East German tradition of public nude bathing) and with a sauna directly located at the lake.  There is also a small sailing harbor. The lake is a part of the Central German Lake District.

Central German Lake District
The Central German Lake District (German: Mitteldeutsches Seenland) is a group of artificial lakes that are the result of extensive open pit lignite mining. The area around Leipzig is sometimes separately marketed as the "Leipzig Lake District" (German: Leipziger Seenland) or the Neuseenland. The Lausitzer und Mitteldeutsche Bergbauverwaltungsgesellschaft is in charge of the technological side of the area.
Echinoporia
Echinoporia is a genus of polypore, wood inhabiting fungi comprising three accepted species in the family Schizoporaceae. Hairs on the pileus possessing asexual thick-walled spores, chlamydospores, is a defining trait of the genus. In 1980, Ryvarden established the genus for the type species, Echinoporia hydnophora (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden (1980). In 1984, Ryvarden added another species. In 2008, Coelho described the third species of the genus.

The genus name is derived from the ancient Greek word "ἐχῖνος" (ekhînos) for porcupine/sea urchin. "Echino" means "prickly" or "spiny". Fungi in this genus are ivory- white or brown and appear "prickly" as its name suggests.

Schizoporaceae
Schizoporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. These are saprobic, and cause white rots of standing and fallen wood of coniferous and broadleaved trees. According to one 2008 estimate, the family contains 14 genera and 109 species.
Desmodium glabellum
Desmodium glabellum is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is native to the eastern and central United States. It is commonly called Dillenius' tick-trefoil in honor of Johann Dillenius, a British botanist of German birth. It is also known as the tall tick-trefoil.

Johann Jacob Dillenius
Johann Jacob Dillen Dillenius (1684 – 2 April 1747) was a German botanist. He is known for his Hortus Elthamensis ("Eltham Garden") on the rare plants around Eltham, London, and for his Historia muscorum ("History of Mosses"), a natural history of lower plants including mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycopods, algae, lichens and fungi.
Kelly Brazier
Kelly Brazier (born 28 October 1989) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player. She has played flyhalf, centre and fullback for the Black Ferns, New Zealand's women's national rugby team, and has competed at four Rugby World Cups in 2010, 2014, 2017 and 2025. She has represented Otago, Canterbury and the Bay of Plenty in the Farah Palmer Cup.

Brazier has also represented the Black Ferns sevens team in the Olympic Games, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Women's Sevens Series, and the Commonwealth Games. She has won gold medals in every major sevens tournaments. Brazier was the first player, of either sex, to have won two sevens World Cups and two fifteen=a-side World Cups.

Otago Rugby Football Union
The Otago Rugby Football Union is the official governing body of rugby union for the Otago region of New Zealand. The union is based in the city of Dunedin, and its home ground is Forsyth Barr Stadium. The top representative team competes in the ITM Cup, New Zealand's top provincial competition. The union was to have been liquidated in March 2012. However a deal involving the Dunedin City Council allowed it to keep operating. Otago have won the Ranfurly Shield on eight occasions (1935, 1938, 1947, 1957, 2013, 2018, 2020 and 2025). They were the National provincial championship winners in 1991 and 1998. They have a proud record playing international teams, having defeated South Africa and the British and Irish Lions.
FC Tyumen
FC Tyumen (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Тюмень») is a Russian football club based in Tyumen. The former member of the Russian Premier League will play in the third-tier Russian Second League Division A in the 2025–26 season.

The club was previously known as Geolog (in 1961–1963 and 1983–1991, meaning Geologist), Priboy (in 1964–1965, meaning Surf), Neftyanik (in 1966–1977, meaning Oiler), Stroitel (meaning Builder), Fakel (in 1980–1982, meaning Torch), Dinamo-Gazovik (in 1992–1996), SDYSOR-Sibnefteprovod (in 2003).

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
1967–68 Greenlandic Football Championship
The 1967–68 Greenlandic Football Championship was the sixth edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Nuuk. It was the first football championship won by Tupilak-41.

Greenlandic Football Championship
The Greenlandic Football Championship (Greenlandic: Isikkamik Arsaalluni Pissartanngorniunneq, GM, Danish: Grønlandsmesterskab i fodbold) is the premier men's football competition in Greenland. It was established in 1954, and since 1971 it has been organised by the Football Association of Greenland. This association is not affiliated to FIFA or to any continental confederation.

B-67 is the most successful football team to have won the championship.
Slabinja
Slabinja (Croatian pronunciation: [slābiɲa]; Hungarian: Szlabina; Serbian Cyrillic: Слабиња) is a village in the Sisak-Moslavina County in the central part of Croatia. It is in the Una Valley near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, 12.6 kilometres (7.8 mi) southeast of the town of Hrvatska Kostajnica, 9.7 kilometres (6 mi) northwest of the village of Hrvatska Dubica, and 106 kilometres (66 mi) southeast of Croatian capital Zagreb, at the south fringe of the Banovina region. Slabinja is a dormitory village with a resident population of just over 250 people.

Petrinja
Petrinja (pronounced [pětriːɲa]) is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County.

On December 29, 2020, the town was hit by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 Mw, causing significant damage to the town.
Kris Statlander
Kristen Stadtlander (born August 7, 1995) is an American professional wrestler and stuntwoman. As of December 2019, she is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where she performs under the ring name Kris Statlander. She is a former one-time AEW Women's World Champion and one-time AEW TBS Champion, making her the first woman to hold both of AEW's women's singles championships.

AEW TBS Championship
The AEW TBS Championship is a women's professional wrestling television championship created and promoted by the American promotion All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Established on October 6, 2021, it is the secondary championship of the promotion's female division, and the inaugural champion was Jade Cargill. It is named after the TBS television network, which airs AEW's flagship program, Dynamite. The reigning champion is Willow Nightingale, who is in her record-setting second reign. She won the title by defeating previous champion Mercedes Moné at Dynamite: New Year's Smash on December 31, 2025.
Günther von Lojewski
Günther von Lojewski (German: [ˈɡʏntɐ fɔn loˈjɛfski]; 11 July 1935 – 26 February 2023) was a German political journalist, television presenter and author. He worked as a journalist for the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the ZDF and Bayerischer Rundfunk. From 1989 to 1997, he was head of the Sender Freies Berlin, and afterwards taught at the Freie Universität Berlin.

Sender Freies Berlin
Sender Freies Berlin (German: [ˈzɛndɐ ˈfʁaɪəs bɛʁˈliːn] ⓘ; abbreviated SFB [ˌɛsʔɛfˈbeː] ⓘ; English: "Radio Free Berlin") was the ARD public radio and television service for Berlin from 1 June 1954 until 30 April 2003. On 1 January 1992, SFB became the public broadcaster for the whole of reunited Berlin. However, SFB had long had a significant audience in East Berlin for some time before German reunification. On 1 May 2003 it merged with Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg to form Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg.
Solar eclipse of April 3, 1848
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Monday, April 3 and Tuesday, April 4, 1848, with a magnitude of 0.5834. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This eclipse was the second of four partial solar eclipses in 1848, with the others occurring on March 5, August 28 and September 27.

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.