hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Billy Bailey
Billy Bailey (1946 – January 25, 1996) was an American convicted murderer who was hanged in Delaware in 1996. He became the third person to be hanged in the United States since 1965 (the previous two were Charles Rodman Campbell and Westley Allan Dodd, both in Washington), and the first person hanged in Delaware in 50 years. As of 2026, he remains the last person to be lawfully executed by hanging in the United States.

Westley Allan Dodd
Westley Allan Dodd (July 3, 1961 – January 5, 1993) was an American convicted serial killer and sex offender who sexually assaulted and murdered three young boys in Vancouver, Washington, in 1989. He was arrested later that year after a failed attempt to abduct a six-year-old boy at a movie theatre in Camas, Washington.

Dodd wrote detailed accounts of his murders in a diary that was found by police. He pleaded guilty to the murders and was sentenced to death after taking the stand and telling the judge and jury that he would do everything possible to kill again, including trying to escape and killing prison guards, unless he was put to death. After refusing an automatic appeal, Dodd was executed by hanging on January 5, 1993, the first legal hanging in the United States since 1965.

In response to the cases of Dodd and Earl Kenneth Shriner, the Washington State Legislature authorized the indefinite civil commitment of a convict who has been deemed to be a "sexually violent predator."
Khalid Ranjha
Khalid Ranjha is a Pakistani lawyer and a politician from Punjab, Pakistan. He also served as Federal Law Minister of Pakistan and a member of the Senate of Pakistan. He remained Advocate General Punjab, Judge Lahore High Court and the President of Lahore High Court Bar Association, Lahore.

Lahore High Court
The Lahore High Court (LHC) is the highest court in the judiciary of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It has supreme appellate jurisdiction over all provincial cases in Punjab. Established as a high court on 21 March 1882, the High Court is based in Lahore, which is its principal seat; alongside its secondary benches based in Rawalpindi, Multan, and Bahawalpur.

A proposal was sent by lawyers to set up new high court benches in Faisalabad, Sialkot, D.G.Khan and Gujranwala divisions but full court of Lahore High Court turned down this request.
Hoof
The hoof (pl.: hooves or hoofs) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering.

Hooves are present in some even-toed and odd-toed placental mammals, as well as in some nonmammalians.

Artiodactyls (Ancient Greek: ἄρτιος : ártios "even", and δάκτυλος : dáktulos "toe") are even-toed ungulates, species whose feet have an even number of digits; the ruminants with two digits are the most numerous, e.g. giraffe, deer, bison, cattle, goats, gazelles, pigs, and sheep.

The feet of perissodactyl (Ancient Greek: περισσός : perissós : uneven", and δάκτυλος : dáktulos "toe") mammals have an odd number of toes, e.g. the horse, the rhinoceros, and the tapir.

Although hooves are limb structures primarily found in placental mammals, hadrosaurs such as Edmontosaurus possessed hoofed hindlimbs. The marsupial Chaeropus also had hooves.

Tapir
Tapirs (/ˈteɪpər/ TAY-pər) are large herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae. They are similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk (proboscis). Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South and Central America and Southeast Asia. They are one of three extant branches of Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates), alongside equines and rhinoceroses. Only a single genus, Tapirus, is currently extant. Tapirs migrated into South America during the Pleistocene epoch from North America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. Tapirs were present across North America, but became extinct in the region at the end of the Late Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago.
James Gray (footballer, born 1992)
James Philip Gray (born 26 June 1992) is a semi-professional footballer who last played as a striker for Northern Counties East League Premier Division club Frickley Athletic.

A former Middlesbrough youth player, he began his career with Darlington in the 2011–12 season. He moved on to Kettering Town in March 2012, before transferring to Accrington Stanley four months later.

He has represented Northern Ireland at under-16, under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels.

Kettering Town F.C.
Kettering Town Football Club is a football club based in Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, England. They are currently members of the Southern League Premier Division Central and play at Latimer Park. Kettering were the first English club to wear sponsorship on their shirts in 1976, and have scored more goals in the FA Cup than any other club.
Alfred Postles
Alfred Postles (16 June 1903 – 11 August 1976) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 31 first-class matches for Auckland between 1924 and 1943.

Alf Postles was a batsman and occasional off-spin bowler who captained Auckland for three seasons, in each of which they won the Plunket Shield: 1933–34, 1937-38 and 1938–39. His best match was against Canterbury in the 1937-38 Plunket Shield, when he made his highest score, 103, and took his best figures, 4 for 20, and Auckland beat Canterbury by an innings and 193 runs. He later served as president of the Auckland Cricket Association and of the New Zealand Cricket Council.

Postles was educated at Auckland Grammar School. He married Marjorie Jeffries in Auckland on 27 January 1930. He served as a lieutenant in the New Zealand Army during World War II, stationed in New Zealand.

His son Bryce played for Auckland in the 1950s.

Bryce Postles
Bryce John Postles (22 February 1931 – 19 January 2011) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played 19 first-class matches for Auckland between 1952 and 1957. His father played for Auckland in the 1920s and 1930s.

Born in Auckland, Postles attended Auckland Grammar School. After his debut first-class season in 1952–53, The Cricket Almanack of New Zealand described him thus: "Very promising right-hand aggressive batsman with full range of strokes." In the first innings of his second match, on New Year's Day 1953, he scored 80, "a splendid exhibition of powerful stroke play", but that remained his highest score, and he played no first-class cricket after the 1956–57 season.
Euphrosyne (daughter of Mieszko IV Tanglefoot)
Euphrosyne (born no later than the end of the 12th century, died on May 23 or 25, earliest in the beginning of the 13th century) was a princess of Racibórz and Opole, and probably also of Kraków between 1210 and 1211, the daughter of Duke Mieszko IV Tanglefoot and Ludmila (most likely from the Přemyslid dynasty).

Přemyslid dynasty
The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemysl (Czech: Přemyslovci, German: Przemysliden, Polish: Przemyślidzi) was a Bohemian royal dynasty that reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia (9th century – 1306), as well as in parts of Poland (including Silesia), Hungary and Austria.
Sam Cosgrove
Sam Benjamin Cosgrove (born 2 December 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for A-League club Auckland FC.

Cosgrove began his career with Wigan Athletic, and had loan spells in non-league football with Barrow, Chorley, Nantwich Town and North Ferriby United before making his Football League debut with Carlisle United. A successful three seasons with Aberdeen in the Scottish Premiership preceded a return to English football with Birmingham City in 2021. After loans at Shrewsbury Town, AFC Wimbledon and Plymouth Argyle, he signed for Barnsley in 2023. He had a loan spell at Stockport County, and upon the end of his contract at Barnsley, Cosgrove moved to New Zealand, signing for Auckland FC.

Auckland FC
Auckland Football Club, commonly known as Auckland FC, is a professional football club based in Auckland, New Zealand that competes in the A-League, the top flight of Australian soccer. Established on 14 March 2024, the club is under license from the APL. The club's home ground is the Mount Smart Stadium, currently known as the Go Media Stadium for sponsorship reasons, in Penrose.

Auckland was given an A-League license under its chosen owner Bill Foley in November 2023, as part of the third tranche competition expansion. The club achieved early success by claiming the Premiership in the 2024–25 regular season, becoming only the second expansion side to win that title in their debut season, after Western Sydney Wanderers in the regular 2012-13 season.
Orpiment
Orpiment, also known as yellow arsenic blende, is a deep-colored, orange-yellow arsenic sulfide mineral with formula As2S3. It is found in volcanic fumaroles, low-temperature hydrothermal veins, and hot springs and may be formed through sublimation.

Orpiment takes its name from the Latin auripigmentum (aurum, "gold" + pigmentum, "pigment"), due to its deep-yellow color. Orpiment once was widely used in artworks, medicine, and other applications. Because of its toxicity and instability, its usage has declined.

Pigment
A pigment is a chemical compound that gives a substance or organism color, or is used by humans to add or alter color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use. Dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic. Pigments of prehistoric and historic value include ochre, charcoal, and lapis lazuli. Biological pigments are compounds produced by living organisms that provide coloration.
NGC 4656 and NGC 4657
NGC 4656/57 is a highly warped edge-on barred spiral galaxy located in the local universe 30 million light years away from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy is sometimes called the Hockey Stick Galaxy or the Crowbar Galaxy. Its unusual shape is thought to be due to an interaction between NGC 4656, NGC 4631, and NGC 4627. The galaxy is a member of the NGC 4631 Group.

A luminous blue variable in "super-outburst" was discovered in NGC 4656/57 on March 21, 2005.

NGC 4627
NGC 4627 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. The galaxy lies about 30 million light years away from Earth. NGC 4627 is located 3 arcminutes northwest of the nucleus of NGC 4631, a spiral galaxy which interacts with it.
The Fool of the Family
The Fool of the Family is a 1930 novel by the British writer Margaret Kennedy. It is the sequel to her 1924 bestseller The Constant Nymph.

In 1934, Kennedy adapted the novel into a play Escape Me Never which in turn had two film adaptations, Escape Me Never (1935) and Escape Me Never (1947).

The Constant Nymph (novel)
The Constant Nymph is a 1924 novel by Margaret Kennedy. It tells how a teenage girl, Tessa Sanger, falls in love with a family friend, who eventually marries her cousin. It explores the protagonists' complex family histories, focusing on class, education and creativity.
Nyack Public Schools
Nyack Public Schools is a school district headquartered in the Town of Orangetown, New York, United States. It serves several areas in Orangetown and Clarkstown including the villages of Nyack, South Nyack, and Upper Nyack, Upper Grand View, and the hamlet of Valley Cottage. As of December 2004 the district had 2,881 students in all five schools.

South Nyack, New York
South Nyack (English pronunciation: /ˈnaɪæk/ ⓘ) is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York,  United States. It is located north of Grand View-on-Hudson, northeast of Orangeburg, east of Blauvelt State Park, south of Nyack and west of the Hudson River. The hamlet is the western terminus of the Tappan Zee Bridge. Its population was 3,510 at the 2010 census. The hamlet was formerly incorporated as a village from 1878 until 2022.
Liskeard Central (electoral division)
Liskeard Central is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being created from the former divisions of Liskeard East, and Liskeard North. The current councillor is Nick Craker, a Conservative.

Liskeard North (electoral division)
Liskeard North (Cornish: Lyskerrys North) is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. The current Councillor is Nick Craker, a Conservative.
Papá soltero (2025 TV series)
Papá soltero is a Mexican television sitcom based on the 1987 series of the same name created by Carlos Aguilar. The series stars Mauricio Ochmann, Norma Angélica, Jorge Luis Cordero, Ana Tena, Romina Poza, David Aguiar, Erick Velarde and Mauricio Barrientos. It premiered on Vix on 13 June 2025.

The second season was released on 5 September 2025.

Mauricio Ochmann
Mauricio Ochmann (born November 16, 1977) is an American and Mexican actor best known for his roles in telenovelas, such as Amarte Asi, where he starred as Ignacio "Nacho" Reyes. He also appeared in Kevin Costner's film Message in a Bottle, the TV series That's life and Latino Green.  He appeared as Fabián Duque in Telemundo's Dame Chocolate. He starred as Victorino Mora in Telemundo's hit Victorinos and was the leading role in the Telemundo novela El Clon. He is also the star of El Chema a spin off of his character "Chema Venegas" from the hit television series El Señor de los Cielos.
Cosmos Rossellius
Cosmos Rossellius (died 1578) was a Florentine Dominican friar who wrote a book about memory.

Theasurus artificosae memoria was published in Venice in 1579. He gives a Dante-esque description of hell as a memory space system arranged around a well at the top of a flight of steps consisting of the punishments for heretics, Jews, idolators and hypocrites. In contrast heaven is depicted as the throne of Christ, surrounded by a celestial hierarchy of Apostles, Patriarchs, Prophets, Martyrs, Confessors, virgins, Holy Hebrews and an enormous array of saints. He also advocates the use of the constellations as loci. He also discusses the visual alphabet,  describing it as a digital alphabet, or a manual of signs for the fingers. The five woodcuts contain the earliest known representation of a digital sign language.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Chamling language
Chamling is one of the  Kirati languages spoken by the Chamling people, a subgroup of the Kirat (Horsungchha, Dikhalichha, Mulihachha, Ditumachha, Mansungcha, Lipuhochha, Malekungchha, Maidhung, Kherasung, Rakhomi, Bhijaichha, Hodorichha, Yayochha, Pitruchha etc) of Nepal, India and Bhutan. Alternate renderings and names include Chamling, Chamlinge and Rodong. It is closely related to the Bantawa (some Bantawa-speaking communities call their language "Camling") and Puma languages of the Kiranti language family in eastern Nepal, and it belongs to the broader Sino-Tibetan language family. Chamling has SOV word order.

Bantawa language
The Bantawa language (also referred to as An Yüng, Bantaba, Bantawa Dum, Bantawa Yong, Bantawa Yüng, Bontawa, Kirawa Yüng) is a Kiranti language spoken in the eastern Himalayan hills of eastern Nepal by Kirati Bantawa  ethnic groups. They use a syllabic alphabet system known as Kirat Rai. Among the Khambu or Rai people of Koshi Province in Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling and Kalimpong in India, Bantawa is the most extensively spoken language. According to the 2001 National Census, at least 1.63% of the Nepal's total population speaks Bantawa. About 370,000 speak Bantawa language mostly in eastern hilly regions of Nepal (2001).  Although Bantawa is among the more widely used variety of the Bantawa language, it falls in the below-100,000 category of endangered languages. It is experiencing language shift to Nepali, especially in the northern region.

Bantawa is spoken in subject–object–verb order, and has no noun classes or genders.
Dark City: The Cleaner
Dark City: The Cleaner is a New Zealand crime fiction television series based on author Paul Cleave's 2006 novel The Cleaner. The series was co-produced by John Barnett and Chloe Smith, with Cohen Holloway and Chelsie Florence starring as the two main characters Joe Middleton and Melissa Flowers. Dark City: The Cleaner was funded by Lionsgate, the New Zealand Film Commission, NZ On Air, Sky Television, and ChristchurchNZ's Screen CanterburyNZ fund. The series debuted on 4 March 2024 on Neon, Sky Go, and SoHo.

NZ On Air
NZ On Air (NZOA; Māori: Irirangi te Motu), formally the Broadcasting Commission, is an autonomous Crown entity and commission of the New Zealand Government responsible for providing funding for broadcasting and creative works. The commission operates largely separate from government policy but must follow directions from the Minister of Broadcasting. NZOA is responsible for the funding of public broadcasting content across television, radio and other media platforms. It is also a major investor in New Zealand independent producers.

NZ On Air is the operating name of the Broadcasting Commission formed in the Broadcasting Act 1989 alongside the Broadcasting Standards Authority, meant to encourage individuals to pay the historical Broadcasting Fee that funded public broadcasters. In 1999 the Broadcasting Fee was abolished, and NZOA now receives funding directly from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
1995 Anderson Hills tornado
On Thursday May 18, 1995, a powerful and destructive F4 tornado struck several towns near the city of Huntsville, Alabama, killing one person and causing extensive damage and devastation, including the destruction of the Anderson Hills subdivision. The tornado touched down just northwest of Athens. It tracked from that point through eastern Limestone County, through Harvest, Meridianville, and New Market in northern Madison County, Alabama, and ended near Princeton in northwest Jackson County, Alabama. The strongest portion of the tornado's path was near Harvest in northwest Madison County around the Anderson Hills subdivision and the Huntsville Dragway, lending the tornado its name. The tornado resulted in US$5 million (1995) in property damage.

Madison County, Alabama
Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 388,153, and according to a 2023 population estimate the county has become the second-most populous county in Alabama after only Jefferson County, home to Birmingham. Its county seat is Huntsville. Since the mid-20th century it has become an area of defense and space research and industry. The county is named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the United States and the first President to visit the state of Alabama. Madison County covers parts of the former Decatur County. Madison County is included in the Huntsville, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Scot Free
Scot Free (1881 – after 1887) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He showed promise as a two-year-old in 1883 when he won Sapling Plate. In the following spring he emerged as one of the best horses of his generation in England with emphatic victories in the Craven Stakes and the 2000 Guineas. He had never been entered in the Epsom Derby and finished unplaced when made favourite for the St Leger. He remained in training as a four-year-old in 1885 but became very difficult to manage and was eventually gelded.

Gelding
A gelding (/ˈɡɛldɪŋ/) is a castrated male horse or other equine, such as a pony, donkey or a mule. The term is also used with certain other animals and livestock, such as domesticated camels. The equivalent terms for castrated male cattle are steer or bullock, and wether for sheep and goats.

Castration renders the male animal calmer, better-behaved, less sexually aggressive, and more responsive to training efforts. This makes the animal generally more suitable as an everyday working animal, or as a pet in the case of companion animals. The gerund and participle "gelding" and the infinitive "to geld" refer to the castration procedure itself.
Stratiotes
Stratiotes is a genus of submerged aquatic plant commonly known as water soldiers, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Several specific names have been coined within the genus, but at present only one is recognized: Stratiotes aloides. native to Europe and NW Asia.

formerly included in genus

moved to other genera: Enhalus Hydrocleys Ottelia

Stratiotes acoroides  - Enhalus acoroides

Stratiotes alismoides - Ottelia alismoides

Stratiotes nymphoides - Hydrocleys nymphoides

Stratiotes quinquealatus - Ottelia alismoides

Ottelia alismoides
Ottelia alismoides, commonly known as duck lettuce, is a species of aquatic plant native to Asia and northern Australia. Due to habitat loss and deterioration, it is endangered in China and Japan, although it is an invasive weed in America. Its genome has also been sequenced, resulting in a 6.45 Gb assembly to help study its unusual carbon metabolism mechanisms and aid in genetic conservation.
Henri Queuille
Henri Queuille (French: [ɑ̃ʁi kœj]; 31 March 1884 – 15 June 1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.

Eugène Claudius-Petit
Eugène Claudius-Petit (1907–1989) was a French politician. He participated in many governments under the Fourth Republic and was a proponent of Firminy Vert. He later added his pseudonym from the Resistance, "Claudius", to his name.
Gold Coast Sports Precinct
The Gold Coast Sports Precinct is a series of sports facilities and venues, located on the Gold Coast, Queensland, in Australia.

The precinct has hosted professional sports such as Australian rules football, baseball, basketball, cricket, rugby league and rugby union in the past. It hosted the athletics, badminton, weightlifting and wrestling events in the 2018 Commonwealth Games as well as the opening and closing ceremonies.

Carrara Stadium
Carrara Stadium, currently known as People First Stadium under sponsorship reasons, is a stadium on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, located in the suburb of Carrara.

The stadium is primarily used for Australian rules football, serving as the home ground of the Gold Coast Suns, who compete in the Australian Football League. In addition, the venue is used occasionally for cricket, including Big Bash League matches. Carrara Stadium received substantial redevelopment work prior to the entry of the Brisbane Bears to the VFL/AFL in 1987, but following the Bears' relocation to the Gabba in 1993, it was used for other sports including rugby league, rugby union and even baseball. The stadium has hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Commonwealth Games as well as the athletics competitions. The venue would host Cricket for the 2032 Summer Olympics if Cricket is approved by the International Olympic Committee.