hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leiv Eirikson Discovering America
Leiv Eirikson Discovering America (Norwegian: Leiv Eirikson oppdager Amerika) is a painting by Christian Krohg. It depicts the explorer Leif Erikson, together with crewmembers onboard his ship, at the moment he discovers American land (presumably Newfoundland), as described in the sagas of Icelanders. The painting was made for the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 and was exhibited along with the Viking ship replica Viking. It is in the collection of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo. A copy of the painting, created by Krohg's son, Per Krohg, has hung in the United States Capitol since 1936.

Viking (replica Viking longship)
Viking is a Viking ship replica. It is an exact replica of the Gokstad ship recovered from Gokstadhaugen, a Viking Age burial mound in Sandefjord, Norway in 1880. Viking was featured at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893.
12th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 12th Infantry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army. The 12th Infantry has fought in seven wars from the Civil War to the War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) and has been awarded four Presidential Unit Citations, six Valorous Unit Awards, a Joint Meritorious Unit Award, two citations in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army, three Republic of Vietnam Crosses of Gallantry, the Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal First Class, eight Meritorious Unit Commendation, and the Belgian Fourragere. In 2021, both 1st Battalion and 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment reorganized as Stryker Battalions under 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division. From 2023 to 2024, both Battalions completed a rotation to the Republic of Korea as a part of 2nd SBCT, Korea Rotational Force 13.

Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam)
The Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross also known as the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross or Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (Vietnamese: Anh-Dũng Bội-Tinh) is a military decoration of the former Government of South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam). The medal was created on August 15, 1950, and was awarded to military personnel, civilians, and Armed Forces units and organizations in recognition of deeds of valor or heroic conduct while in combat with the enemy.

Individuals who received the medal, ribbon, and a citation were personally cited at the Armed Forces, Corps, Division, Brigade or Regiment level. The Republic of Vietnam authorized members of units and organizations that were cited, to wear the Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Emblem with Palm and Frame (no medal was authorized).
Kryptonite (story arc)
Kryptonite is a story arc written by Darwyn Cooke and Tim Sale that appeared in Superman Confidential, a monthly series that was published from January 2007 and then later cancelled in April 2008 that told stories set in the character's early years of his career. This arc, the first story from that title, tells the story of Superman's first encounter with kryptonite. Artist Tim Sale described the story's theme as "...Superman learning about vulnerability, and one of the ways that he had to learn it, and ultimately the most personal way, was through his relationship with Lois". With Superman: Secret Origin, it has been assumed this story arc is not in continuity anymore as of 2010.

Kryptonite
Kryptonite is a fictional material that appears primarily in Superman stories published by DC Comics. In its best-known form, it is a green, crystalline material originating from Superman's home world of Krypton that emits a unique, poisonous radiation that can weaken and even kill Kryptonians. Kryptonite radiation can be transmitted through any element except lead. There are other varieties, such as red kryptonite and gold kryptonite, which have different but still generally negative effects.

Adversaries of Superman and other characters are frequently depicted using kryptonite against Superman, with Lex Luthor incorporating it into weapons, Metallo being powered by it, and Titano able to project its radiation from his eyes. Kryptonite has become a byword for an extraordinary exploitable weakness, synonymous with "Achilles' heel".
Greg Classen
Gregory Dean "Greg" Classen (born August 24, 1977) is a German-Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. Classen played a total of 90 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) all with the Nashville Predators. He also appeared in 321 American Hockey League (AHL) games between six seasons and four different teams. After his career in North America, he moved to Europe and retired after the 2018–19 season in the German Eishockey-Oberliga with the Rostock Piranhas. In total Classen played 21 seasons professionally with 15 different clubs.

Rostock Piranhas
The Rostock Piranhas are the male first team of the Rostocker Ice Hockey Club, based in Rostock, Germany. The team plays in the North Section of the Oberliga (Upper League), the third tier of German ice hockey.  The team's home ice is the Eishalle Rostock at the Schillingallee in the Kröpeliner-Tor-Vorstadt (KTV) area of Rostock, next to DKB-Arena.
Shalom Cohen (rabbi)
Shalom Cohen (Hebrew: שלום כהן; 3 November 1930 – 22 August 2022) was an Israeli Haredi Sephardi rabbi. He was rosh yeshiva of the Old City branch of Porat Yosef Yeshiva, and the spiritual leader of the Shas political party. He was a member of the party's Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah rabbinic council from 1984 until his death and was its oldest member.

Shas
Shas (Hebrew: ש״ס) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013,
it primarily represents the interests of Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Jews.

Shas is the third-largest party in the Knesset as of 2024. Since 1984, it has been part of most governing coalitions, whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud.
Ermal Meta
Ermal Meta (Italian: [ˈɛrmal ˈmɛːta], Albanian: [ɛɾˈmal ˈmɛta]; born 20 April 1981) is an Albanian-born Italian singer-songwriter.

Meta rose to prominence as one of the lead singers of Ameba 4 and La Fame di Camilla. After becoming a songwriter for several Italian artists, he launched his solo career, releasing two studio albums: Umano (2016) and Vietato morire (2017). The latter peaked at number one in Italy, and was preceded by the single with the same title, which placed third in the main competition of the Sanremo Music Festival 2017, also receiving the "Mia Martini" Critics' Prize.

In 2018, Meta won the Sanremo Music Festival alongside Fabrizio Moro with "Non mi avete fatto niente", and went on to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018.

Sanremo Music Festival 2017
The Sanremo Music Festival 2017 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2017), officially the 67th Italian Song Festival (67º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 67th annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, Liguria, between 7 and 11 February 2017, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was hosted by Carlo Conti, who was also the artistic director of the competition, and Maria De Filippi. Each evening show included a satirical sketch by Maurizio Crozza.

The winner of the contest's main section was Francesco Gabbani, performing the song "Occidentali's Karma". As a result, he earned the right to represent Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. Lele received first prize in the Newcomers' section, with his song "Ora mai".
1908 United States gubernatorial elections
United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1908, in 33 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 3, 1908 (except in Arkansas, Georgia, Maine and Vermont, which held early elections).

In Ohio, the gubernatorial election was held in an even-numbered year for the first time, having previously been held in odd-numbered years. The previous election in this state took place in 1905.

1908 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1908 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 3, 1908, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the 1908 United States presidential election, which William Howard Taft won. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to serve in the 61st United States Congress.

Taft was not as popular as his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt, but won with Roosevelt's backing, and his Republican Party lost only a handful of seats to the opposition Democrats. Without any striking national issues, the Republicans were able to remain in control. Regional issues led to some changes in House membership, but new Democrats who were elected by dissatisfied industrial workers were balanced out by new Republicans who gained seats in districts with a strong middle class presence.
Western Port Bay Trail
The Western Port Bay Trail is a shared use path for cyclists and pedestrians which follows the coastline of Western Port Bay through several towns on the eastern side of the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.  The trail begins in Somerville, travelling south through the towns of Tyabb, Hastings, Bittern, Somers and ending in the town of Balnarring.  Construction of the trail began in 1994, initially only as a 9 km path connecting the towns of Somerville, Tyabb and Hastings.

Tyabb
Tyabb (/ˈtaɪæb/ TY-ab) is a town on the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 53 km (33 mi) south-east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the Shire of Mornington Peninsula local government area. Tyabb recorded a population of 3,449 at the 2021 census.

Tyabb is within an urban enclave on Western Port comprising Tyabb, Hastings, Bittern, Crib Point, and Somerville. It is served by the Tyabb railway station on the Stony Point railway line. Statistically it is part of Greater Melbourne.
Acquainted with the Night
"Acquainted with the Night" is a poem by Robert Frost. It first appeared in the Autumn 1928 issue of the Virginia Quarterly Review and was republished later that year in his poetry collection West-Running Brook.

Virginia Quarterly Review
The Virginia Quarterly Review is a quarterly literary magazine that was established in 1925 by James Southall Wilson, at the request of University of Virginia president E. A. Alderman. This "National Journal of Literature and Discussion" includes poetry, fiction, book reviews, essays, photography, and comics.
February 2054 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Sunday, February 22, 2054, with an umbral magnitude of 1.2781. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.2 days before perigee (on February 21, 2054, at 2:55 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.

This lunar eclipse will be the first of an almost tetrad, with the others being on August 18, 2054 (total); February 11, 2055 (total); and August 7, 2055 (partial).

Lunar node
A lunar node is either of the two orbital nodes of the Moon; that is, the two points at which the orbit of the Moon intersects the ecliptic. The ascending (or north) node is where the Moon moves into the northern ecliptic hemisphere, while the descending (or south) node is where the Moon enters the southern ecliptic hemisphere.

They are the reason for eclipse season, being the intersection necessary for the alignment of Sun, Earth and Moon.
Mavoor Road
Mavoor Road is the busiest High street of Kozhikode city in Kerala, India.  This road connects the Mananchira pond area with the Kozhikode Medical College.  After the medical college, the road is extended further to the little village of Mavoor but the term 'Mavoor Road' refers to the section between the city and the Medical college.

Government Medical College, Kozhikode
Government Medical College, Kozhikode is a public medical college in Kozhikode, in the Indian state of Kerala. It is one of the largest hospitals in India by area, covering more than 270 acres of land in the outskirts of Kozhikode. Two fifth of Kerala's population depends on the hospital for treatment.
Eucalyptus jimberlanica
Eucalyptus jimberlanica, commonly known as Norseman gimlet, is a species of mallet or a tree and is endemic to a small area in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It has smooth, brownish bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven and conical to cup-shaped fruit.

Goldfields–Esperance
31°S 123°E﻿ / ﻿31°S 123°E﻿ / -31; 123

The Goldfields–Esperance region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It is located in the south-eastern corner of Western Australia, and comprises the local government areas of Coolgardie, Dundas, Esperance, Kalgoorlie–Boulder, Laverton, Leonora, Menzies, Ngaanyatjarraku, Ravensthorpe and Wiluna.

It also incorporates the area along the Great Australian Bight to the South Australian border known as the Nullarbor Plain.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), symbol , is a function of four real variables that defines how light from a source is reflected off an opaque surface. It is employed in the optics of real-world light, in computer graphics algorithms, and in computer vision algorithms. The function takes an incoming light direction, , and outgoing direction,  (taken in a coordinate system where the surface normal  lies along the z-axis), and returns the ratio of reflected radiance exiting along  to the irradiance incident on the surface from direction . Each direction  is itself parameterized by azimuth angle  and zenith angle , therefore the BRDF as a whole is a function of  4 variables. The BRDF has units sr−1, with steradians (sr) being a unit of solid angle.

Irradiance
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area.  The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m−2 or W/m2). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm−2⋅s−1) is often used in astronomy. Irradiance is often called intensity, but this term is avoided in radiometry where such usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity. In astrophysics, irradiance is called radiant flux.

Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The two forms have different dimensions and units: spectral irradiance of a frequency spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per hertz (W⋅m−2⋅Hz−1), while spectral irradiance of a wavelength spectrum is measured in watts per square metre per metre (W⋅m−3), or more commonly watts per square metre per nanometre (W⋅m−2⋅nm−1).
Pakanic languages
The Pakanic languages constitute a branch of two Austroasiatic languages, Bolyu and Bugan. They are spoken in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces of southern China. Mang was formerly included, but is now considered by Paul Sidwell to form its own separate branch within Austroasiatic.

Bugan language
Bugan, Bogan, Pakan, or Bugeng (布甘语, 布干语, or 布赓语) is an Austroasiatic language. The existence of the Bugan language was not known by the rest of world until recently. There are about 3000 speakers, mostly in some villages in southern Guangnan (广南) and northern Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China. Bugan is an analytic language, and word order and auxiliary words have important functions in the grammar.
Fisher Mall
The Fisher Mall is a minor mall chain that first opened in Quezon City on January 29, 2014. The location of the mall was formerly occupied by the Pantranco bus terminal. A branch of the mall is located in Malabon City. One of the mall's anchors, Fisher Supermarket, primarily sells fish supplied by Irma Fishing Inc.

Malabon
Malabon, officially the City of Malabon (Filipino: Lungsod ng Malabon), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 389,929 people. Located just north of the city of Manila, Malabon is primarily residential, industrial and one of the most densely populated cities in the metropolis, having a total land area of 15.96 square kilometers (6.16 sq mi)

Malabon is part of the sub-region of Metro Manila informally called CAMANAVA, an area which derives its name from the first syllable of its component cities: Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela. Caloocan lies to the south and east, Navotas to the west, and Valenzuela to the north. Malabon also borders the town of Obando in the province of Bulacan to the northwest.
Joseph Mopeli Sephamola
Joseph Mopeli Sephamola O.M.I., (born 14 March 1960) is a Lesothan Roman Catholic prelate who is the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Qacha's Nek, Lesotho. He is a member of the Order of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. He was appointed bishop on 19 June 2013 by Pope Francis. He was installed at Qacha's Nek in September 2013.

Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) is a missionary religious congregation in the Catholic Church. It was founded on January 25, 1816, by Eugène de Mazenod, a French priest later recognized as a Catholic saint. The congregation was given recognition by Pope Leo XII on February 17, 1826. As of January 2020, the congregation was composed of 3,631 priests and lay brothers usually living in community. Their traditional salutation is Laudetur Iesus Christus ('Praised be Jesus Christ'), to which the response is Et Maria Immaculata ('And Mary Immaculate'). Members use the post-nominal letters "OMI".

As part of its mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", OMI are known for their mission among the Indigenous peoples of Canada, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the Canadian Indian residential school system. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff.: 399–452
Spanish cruiser Gravina
Gravina was a Velasco-class unprotected cruiser of the Spanish Navy in service from 1881 to 1884. She operated in the Philippines, taking part in the Spanish-Moro conflict, until she was wrecked in a typhoon in 1884.

Spanish–Moro conflict
The Spanish–Moro conflict (Spanish: La Guerra Español y Moro; Tagalog: Sagupaang Kastila at Moro, Labanang Kastila at Moro) was a series of battles in the Philippines lasting more than three centuries. It began during the Spanish Philippines and lasted until the Spanish–American War, when Spain finally began to subjugate the Moro people after centuries of attempts to do so. Spain ultimately conquered portions of the Mindanao and Jolo islands and turned the Sultanate of Sulu into a protectorate, establishing geographic dominance over the region until the Spanish-American War. Moro resistance continued.
Red Spears' uprising in Shandong (1928–1929)
The Red Spear Society staged a major uprising in 1928–1929 against the rule of Liu Zhennian, the Nationalist government-aligned warlord ruler of eastern Shandong province in Republican China. Motivated by their resistance against high taxes, rampant banditry and the brutality of Liu's private army, the Red Spear peasant insurgents captured large areas on the Shandong Peninsula and were able to set up a proto-state in Dengzhou county. Despite this, the whole insurgency was eventually crushed by Liu in late 1929.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.
Pentapycnon charcoti
Pentapycnon charcoti is a species of sea spider (class Pycnogonida) in the family Pycnogonidae. As the genus name Pentapycnon suggests, the sea spider P. charcoti is among the seven species of sea spiders with five pairs of legs in adults rather than the usual four leg pairs. This species is found in the Southern Ocean.

Sea spider
Sea spiders are marine arthropods of the class Pycnogonida, hence they are also called pycnogonids (/pɪkˈnɒɡənədz/; named after Pycnogonum, the type genus; with the suffix -id). The class includes the only extant order Pantopoda (lit. 'all feet'), alongside a few fossil species which could trace back to the early or mid-Paleozoic.

They are cosmopolitan, found in oceans around the world. The over 1,300 known species have leg spans ranging from 1 mm (0.04 in) to over 70 cm (2.3 ft). Most are toward the smaller end of this range in relatively shallow depths; however, they can grow to be quite large in the Antarctic region and in deep waters.

Despite their name and slight resemblance, "sea spiders" are not spiders, nor even arachnids. While some literature around the 2000s suggests they may be a sister group to all other living arthropods, their traditional classification as a member of chelicerates alongside horseshoe crabs and arachnids has regained wide support in subsequent studies.
Tequila Herradura Express
The Tequila Herradura Express is a Mexican tourist train service that operates from Guadalajara Station to Amatitán Station. The train makes round trips from the city of Guadalajara to Amatitán, where the Casa Herradura has been located since 1870.

Tequila Herradura
Tequila Herradura (officially Grupo Industrial Herradura) is a tequila distillery located in Amatitán, Jalisco, Mexico. It was formally founded in 1870 by 
Aurelio López and the business remained in the family for over 125 years. Today it is owned by US beverage maker Brown-Forman, but the tequila is still made in the same place and facilities under a Mexican subsidiary. Tequila products sold under the Herradura name are 100% agave.  The company makes other tequila products, such as El Jimador, which is the best-selling tequila in Mexico, as well as New Mix, a tequila and grapefruit soda beverage. Since its acquisition by Brown-Forman, Herradura has had many promotional efforts in Mexico and the United States, including inviting artists to use tequila barrels as the bases for art pieces, which are then displayed and auctioned off for charity.
Chad Jeffries
Chad Jeffries (born December 25, 1992) is an American football quarterback for the Vienna Knights of the Austrian Football League for the 2026 season. From 2018 to 2022, he played for the Danube Dragons in the Austrian Football League and won the Austrian Bowl with them in 2022. He was signed by the Munich Ravens in the European League of Football for the 2023 season.

Munich Ravens
The Munich Ravens are an American football team based in Munich, Germany. The team started playing in the 2023 season of the European League of Football (ELF) and moved to the European Football Alliance (EFA) in 2026.