hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
River kingfisher
The river kingfishers or pygmy kingfishers, subfamily Alcedininae, are one of the three subfamilies of kingfishers. The river kingfishers are widespread through Africa and east and south Asia as far as Australia, with one species, the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) also appearing in Europe and northern Asia. This group includes many kingfishers that actually dive for fish. The origin of the subfamily is thought to have been in Asia.

These are brightly plumaged, compact birds with short tails, large heads, and long bills. They feed on insects or fish, and lay white eggs in a self-excavated burrow. Both adults incubate the eggs and feed the chicks.

Common kingfisher
The common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), also known as the Eurasian kingfisher and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of its range, but migrates from areas where rivers freeze in winter.

This sparrow-sized bird has the typical short-tailed, large-headed kingfisher profile; it has blue upperparts, orange underparts and a long bill. It feeds mainly on fish, caught by diving, and has special visual adaptations to enable it to see prey under water. The glossy white eggs are laid in a nest at the end of a burrow in a riverbank.
Defelê F.C.
Departamento de Força e Luz Futebol Clube, also known as Defelê Futebol Clube, was a Brazilian football club, based in  Brasília, Federal District. Founded on December 25, 1959. Their badge was red and white.

Federal District (Brazil)
The Federal District (Portuguese: Distrito Federal [dʒisˈtɾitu fedeˈɾaw] ⓘ) is one of 27 federative units of Brazil. Located in the Center-West Region, it is the smallest Brazilian federal unit and the only one that has no municipalities, being divided into 35 administrative regions. The federal capital of Brazil, Brasília, which is also the seat of government of the Federal District, is located in its territory. The Federal District is almost completely surrounded by the state of Goiás, but it shares a small border with Minas Gerais.
David Ryckaert III
David Ryckaert III, David Rijckaert III or David Rijckaert the Younger (2 December 1612, Antwerp – 11 November 1661, Antwerp) was a Flemish painter known for his contribution to genre painting, in particular through his scenes of merry companies and peasants. He also painted hell scenes and images of alchemists. He enjoyed the patronage of prominent patrons and was a painter to the court of the governor of the Southern Netherlands.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Factor XI
Factor XI, or plasma thromboplastin antecedent, is the zymogen form of factor XIa, one of the enzymes involved in coagulation. Like many other coagulation factors, it is a serine protease.  In humans, factor XI is encoded by F11 gene.

Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell
Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell (Classical Gaelic Donnchadh mac Cailein, and also called Donnchadh na-Adh, English: Duncan the fortunate) of Loch Awe (died 1453) was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was an important figure in Scottish affairs in the first half of the 15th century and Justiciar of Argyll. He was head of the Clan Campbell for 40 years.

Loch Awe
Loch Awe (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Obha; also sometimes anglicised as Lochawe, Lochaw, or Lochow) is a large body of freshwater in Argyll and Bute, Scottish Highlands. It has also given its name to a village on its banks, variously known as Loch Awe or Lochawe. There are islands within the loch such as Innis Chonnell and Inishail.
Arkādijs Suharenko
Arkādijs Suharenko (born May 30, 1959, in Postavy, Belarus) is a Latvian citizen, entrepreneur, deputy chairman of the council and one of the largest shareholders in Rietumu Banka, the largest Latvian bank with local capital and one of the four leading banks in the country. Chairman of the Council in charity foundation “Nākotnes Atbalsta fonds” (Future Supporting Fund). He is the recipient of the Order of the Three Stars. He is the head of the Latvian Jewish community. In the annual ranking "Millionaire" by the business magazine "Dienas bizness", he is recognized as one of the wealthiest people in Latvia.

Order of the Three Stars
Order of the Three Stars (Latvian: Triju Zvaigžņu ordenis) is the highest civilian order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia. It was established in 1924 in remembrance of the founding of Latvia. Its motto is Per aspera ad astra, meaning "Through hardships towards the stars". The Order has five ranks and three grades of medals of honour.
Michael Fitzmaurice (Gaelic footballer)
Michael Fitzmaurice (born 13 January 1967) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer. His league and championship career at senior level with the Mayo county team lasted five seasons from 1989 until 1993.

Fitzmaurice made his debut on the inter-county scene when he was chosen for the Mayo minor team. He was captain of the side in 1985 and claimed an All-Ireland medal following a defeat of Cork. He subsequently lined out with the Mayo under-21 team. Fitzmaurice made his senior debut during the 1988-89 league. He was a regular on the starting fifteen over the next five years and won one Connacht medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up in 1989. He finished the 1989 championship as the top scorer Fitzmaurice played his last game for Mayo in March 1993

Connacht Senior Football Championship
The Connacht Senior Football Championship, known simply as the Connacht Championship and shortened to Connacht SFC, is an annual Gaelic football competition for the senior county teams of Connacht GAA. All of the county teams of Connacht participate in the championship, as well as London and New York. The winning team receives the Nestor Cup.

The Connacht SFC is run on a knock-out basis through which teams are eliminated from the competition. A series of games are played during the summer months and the final is played in June or July. The winner and runner-up progresses directly to the All-Ireland SFC Group Stage. Before 2020, all losing teams progressed to the All-Ireland SFC Qualifiers, while, prior to 2001, the All-Ireland SFC was a straight knock-out format, which meant all losing teams were eliminated after a single defeat.

Galway are the four-time title holder, having defeated Mayo by 1-17 to 1–15 in the 2025 final
1980 Azores Islands earthquake
Striking the Autonomous Region of the Azores on 1 January, the 1980 Azores Island earthquake killed 73 people and injured over 400, causing severe damage on the islands of Terceira and São Jorge. Resulting from a strike slip fracture, typical of other historical Azorean earthquakes, and measuring 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale, it also shook the islands of Pico and Faial.

In response to the earthquake, Portuguese president António Ramalho Eanes announced three days of national mourning, while relief efforts, initiated by agents of the local Air Force, were soon accompanied by government-supported agencies.

São Jorge Island
São Jorge (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʒɔɾʒɨ]; Portuguese for 'Saint George') is an island in the central group of the Azores archipelago and part of the autonomous region of Portugal.  Separated from its nearest neighbours (Pico and Faial islands) by  the 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) Pico-São Jorge Channel, the central group is often referred colloquially as part of the Triângulo ("Triangle") group or just "The Triangle". São Jorge is a relatively long thin island with tall cliffs, whose 8,381 inhabitants are concentrated on various geological debris fields (fajãs) along the north and south coasts; from east to west, the island is 53 kilometres (33 mi) long and, north to south, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide: its area is 237.59 square kilometres (91.73 mi2).
Maribel Díaz Cabello
Maribel Carmen Díaz Cabello (Latin American Spanish: [maɾiˈβel ˈkaɾmen ˈdias kaˈβeʎo]; born March 27, 1970) is a Peruvian educator, teacher, and academic administrator. Díaz Cabello, the wife of President Martín Vizcarra, served as the First Lady of Peru from 23 March 2018 until her husband's impeachment and office removal on 10 November 2020.

First Ladies and Gentlemen of Peru
The first lady or gentleman of Peru (Spanish: primera dama o primer caballero del Perú) is the title held by the spouse or designated female family member of the president of Peru. The role usually fulfills functions of social work and accompanying the president. There have been a number of first ladies that have been foreign to Peru.
Baron Strang
Baron Strang, of Stonesfield in the County of Oxford, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 January 1954 for the prominent diplomat Sir William Strang, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from 1949 to 1953. The title passed to his only son, the second Baron, who succeeded in 1978. He was a retired Professor of Philosophy at Newcastle University. There was no heir to the barony, which became extinct on his death in 2014.

William Strang, 1st Baron Strang
William Strang, 1st Baron Strang GCB GCMG MBE (2 January 1893–27 May 1978) was a British diplomat who served as a leading adviser to the British Government from the 1930s to the 1950s and as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office from 1949 to 1953.

During his Foreign Office career, he was involved in the Munich Agreement, the Moscow Conference (1939), the European Advisory Commission, the North Atlantic Treaty, and the post-war occupation of Germany.
French grammar
French grammar is the set of rules by which the French language creates statements, questions and commands. In many respects, it is quite similar to that of the other Romance languages.

French is a moderately inflected language. Nouns and most pronouns are inflected for number (singular or plural, though in most nouns the plural is pronounced the same as the singular even if spelled differently); adjectives, for number and gender (masculine or feminine) of their nouns; personal pronouns and a few other pronouns, for person, number, gender, and case; and verbs, for tense, aspect, mood, and the person and number of their subjects. Case is primarily marked using word order and prepositions, while certain verb features are marked using auxiliary verbs.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Klaas Vantornout
Klaas Vantornout (born 19 May 1982 in Torhout) is a Belgian former professional racing cyclist, who rode professionally between 2006 and 2018 for the Fidea and Marlux–Bingoal teams. Vantornout was the winner of the Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships in 2013 and 2015.

Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships
The Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships were first held in 1910, and have been held annually since 1921 (with a break in 1940 due to World War II) by the Royal Belgian Cycling Federation (KBWB/RLVB). Races are run for elite men, elite women, under 23 men, junior (under 18) men, juvenile men, various masters (amateur over 30) categories and by other organisations catering for veteran riders.
Munan Byskopson
Munan Byskopson (c. 1200 – 1260), was a 13th-century nobleman, steward, and liegeman loyal to Haakon IV of Norway. He was the son of a bishop, he had a brother Sigurd Byskopson. In 1235 the king sent him a letter instructing him to Arnbjorn Johnson and combine forces until they knew what the result of a diplomatic message to Earl Skule Bårdsson would be. By 1240 he was the Steward of Hedmark. He had fled in 1240 from the Wolf-Skins and linked up with Ogmund Crouchdance. He subsequently split with Ogmund and marched to the North Dales where he stayed for some time. In the Spring of 1240 he seized an abbot who had been sent by Skule Bårdsson requesting help from foreign princes; he had heard the abbot was engaging in skullduggery beforehand. After catching the abbot he waited in Bergen with the queen to deliver the news to Haakon. In 1247 he was one of the 9 liegeman in service to the king at the kings Coronation; he served wine to the archbishop, perhaps due to his parentage.

Skule Bårdsson
Skule Bårdsson or Duke Skule (Norwegian: Hertug Skule; Old Norse: Skúli Bárðarson) (c. 1189–24 May 1240) was a Norwegian nobleman and claimant to the royal throne against his son-in-law, King Haakon Haakonsson. Henrik Ibsen's play Kongs-Emnerne (1863) is about the dispute between Duke Skule and King Haakon.
Asgrim Knutson Skaro
Asgrim Knutson Skaro (June 4, 1829 - December 16, 1864) was a Norwegian immigrant to the United States, a founding settler of the city of St. Peter, Minnesota, the County Treasurer of Nicollet County, Minnesota, and a veteran of both the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.

Nicollet County, Minnesota
Nicollet County (/ˈnɪkəlɪt/ NIH-kə-lit) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,454. Its county seat is St. Peter.

Nicollet County is part of the Mankato–North Mankato Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sayur bayam
Sayur bayam or sayur bening is an Indonesian vegetable soup prepared from vegetables, primarily amaranth, in clear soup flavoured with temu kunci. It is commonly prepared as main course during breakfast or lunchtime.

Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine is a collection of regional culinary traditions of the various ethnic groups that form the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. There are a wide variety of recipes and cuisines in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 600 ethnic groups.

There are many regional cuisines, often based upon indigenous cultures, with some foreign influences.
1998–99 Omani League
The 1998–99 Omani League was the 23rd edition of the top football league in Oman. Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. were the defending champions, having won the 1997–98 Omani League season. Dhofar S.C.S.C. emerged as the champions of the 1998–99 Omani League with a total of 34 points.

1997–98 Omani League
The 1997–98 Omani League was the 23rd edition of the top football league in Oman. Oman Club were the defending champions, having won the 1996–97 Omani League season. Al-Nasr S.C.S.C. emerged as the champions of the 1997–98 Omani League with a total of 38 points.
Entolomataceae
The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (mushrooms with gills), but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.

Entoloma
Entoloma  is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (gilled mushrooms), though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 species worldwide. Most species are saprotrophic, but some are ectomycorrhizal, and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The type, Entoloma sinuatum, is one of several Entoloma species that are poisonous, typically causing mild to severe gastrointestinal illness.
Mercedes-Benz OM616 engine
The OM616 engine family is a diesel automobile Inline-four engine from Mercedes-Benz used in the 1970s and 1980s, and produced by Force Motors in India from the 1980s to the present.

This engine was used in various cars, vans and Unimogs over its production lifetime, and still finds use in Force Motors SUVs. The OM616 is a bored out version of the 2.2-litre Mercedes-Benz OM615 engine, which it replaced.

The abbreviation ¨OM¨ stands for ¨Öl-Motor¨ (Oil Motor), which refers to the fact that it runs on oil. This method of naming is still used on Mercedes-Benz diesel engines today.

Force Motors
Force Motors Ltd is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company, based in Pune. From 1958 until 2005, the company was known as Bajaj Tempo Motors because it originated as a joint venture between Bajaj Auto and Germany's Tempo for manufacturing auto components. The company is known for brands, like the Traveller, Trax, Urbania, Gurkha, Citiline and Monobus.

Force Motors is India's largest van maker. Aside from manufacturing light transport vehicles, Force Motors also makes engines and axles, as well as die-cast aluminium parts. The company makes its own components for its vehicles. It has partnered with global manufacturers, such as Mercedes, BMW, Rolls-Royce Power Systems, Daimler, ZF, Bosch, VW, Traton and MAN, for manufacturing auto components. The company also exports to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany.

Force Motors ranked 317th (2024) on the Fortune India 500 companies list.
Tazir
In Islamic Law, tazir (ta'zeer, ta'zir or ta’dhir, Arabic: تعزير, romanized: taʿzīr lit. scolding, "to punish") refers to punishment for offenses at the discretion of the judge (Qadi) or ruler of the state. It is one of three major categories of punishments or sanctions under Islamic law (sharia, the other two or three being hadd, and qisas/diyya).  Contrary to the lightness implied in "scolding", these discretionary punishments can range from a warning from the judge to corporal punishment such as flogging, fines, imprisonment, exile, and in extreme cases execution.

Tazir punishments are sometimes described as being for violations of Islamic law not specified in either the Qur'an nor the hadith, and so not reaching "the level of hudud" (crimes and punishments determined in the Qur'an or hadith), qisas ("eye for an eye" proportional retaliation punishment), or diya (compensation payments for situations where sharia does not allow for qisas retaliation).

Eye for an eye
"An eye for an eye" (Biblical Hebrew: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן, ʿayin taḥaṯ ʿayin) is a commandment found in the Book of Exodus 21:23–27 expressing the principle of reciprocal justice measure for measure. The earliest known use of the principle appears in the Code of Hammurabi, which predates the writing of the Hebrew Bible but not necessarily oral traditions.

The law of exact retaliation (Latin: lex talionis), or reciprocal justice, bears the same principle that a person who has injured another person is to be penalized to a similar degree by the injured party. In softer interpretations, it means the victim receives the estimated value of the injury in compensation. The intent behind the principle was to restrict compensation to the value of the loss.
Sotiris Kaiafas
Sotirios Kaiafas (Greek: Σωτήριος Καϊάφας; born 17 December 1949) is a Cypriot former footballer who is considered to be Cyprus's best footballer. He played for Omonia and the Cyprus national team. During his career at Omonia, he won the European Golden Boot (1975–76).

European Golden Shoe
The European Golden Shoe, also known as the European Golden Boot, is an award that is presented each season to the player with the most points in league matches from the top division of a European national league. The trophy is a sculpture of a football boot. The award, originally called Soulier d'Or, French for Golden Shoe, was launched in the 1967–68 season, and was given to the top goalscorer in all European leagues during a season. Since 1997, it has been calculated using a weighting in favour of the highest ranked leagues. Originally presented by L'Équipe newspaper, it has been awarded by the European Sports Media since the 1996–97 season. Lionel Messi has won the award a record six times, more than any other player in history.
Pierre Latour
Pierre Latour (born 12 October 1993) is a French cyclist who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Team TotalEnergies. He is a stage winner of the Vuelta a España, and twice the winner of French National Time Trial Championships.

Team TotalEnergies
Team TotalEnergies (UCI team code: TEN) is a professional road bicycle racing team that competes as a UCI ProTeam in UCI Continental Circuits races and UCI World Tour races when invited as a wild card entry. In previous years, the team was known as Brioches La Boulangère, Bonjour, Bouygues Télécom, Bbox Bouygues Telecom, and Europcar. The 2015 season was the last under the sponsorship of Europcar. The team has been sponsored by Direct Énergie since 2016.
Ali Yerlikaya
Ali Yerlikaya (born 11 October 1968) is a Turkish politician, used to serve as the Minister of the Interior in the 67th cabinet of Turkey, until his dismissal on 11 February 2026. He previously served as the Governor of Istanbul from 2018 to 2023.

Following the annulment of the March 2019 Istanbul mayoral election, Yerlikaya was briefly the acting Mayor of Istanbul until a new successor was elected in a re-run in June 2019.

Mayor of Istanbul
The mayor of Istanbul is the head of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The mayor is elected popularly every five years. Nuri Aslan has served as interim mayor of Istanbul since 26 March 2025.

This article covers the Ottoman Empire to the modern day Republic of Turkey, during the Ottoman period and in the Republican era until c. 1930.