hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Political repression of cyber-dissidents
Political repression of cyber-dissidents is the oppression or persecution of people for expressing their political views on the Internet.

Along with development of the Internet, state authorities in many parts of the world carry out mass surveillance through electronic communications, establish Internet censorship to limit the flow of information, and persecute individuals and groups who express "inconvenient" political views in the Internet. Many cyber-dissidents have found themselves persecuted for attempts to bypass state controlled news media. Reporters Without Borders has released a Handbook For Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents and has an updated edition (2008) here: https://ifap.ru/library/book414.pdf and maintains a roster of currently imprisoned cyber-dissidents.

Persecution
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. The most common forms are religious persecution, racism, and political persecution, though there is naturally some overlap between these terms. The inflicting of suffering, harassment, imprisonment, internment, fear or pain are all factors that may establish persecution, but not all suffering will necessarily establish persecution. The threshold of severity has been a topic of much debate.
Kambal Tuko
Kambal Tuko (lit. 'Gecko Twins') is a 1988 Filipino fantasy comedy film directed by J. Erastheo Navoa, written by Jose N. Carreon, and starring Susan Roces, Eddie Gutierrez, and twin child actors Richard and Raymond Gutierrez. Produced by Regal Films, the film was released on April 14, 1988. Critic Luciano Soriano of the Manila Standard gave Kambal Tuko a negative review, criticizing its fantastical elements and excessive number of characters as preventing the film from telling a potentially interesting story.

Richard Gutierrez
Richard Kristian Rama Gutierrez (born January 21, 1984) is an American-born Filipino actor. He is regarded as the original "Fantaserye King" for top billing multiple hit television series.

Gutierrez is a recipient of a FAMAS Award and three PMPC Star Awards for Television. In 2010, "Planet Philippines" won a Bronze World Medal for Environment and Ecology at the New York Festivals Television and Film Awards. The same year, he became the spokesperson of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) for the National Arts Month-Philippine International Arts Festival (NAM-PIAF). Gutierrez was also the celebrity spokesperson of Greenpeace Southeast Asia. He is also referred to as the "Valentine Box-Office King" for headlining several box office hits like Let the Love Begin, When I Met U, My Best Friend's Girlfriend and My Lady Boss. In 2015, he was handpicked by the Korean producers to host the first ever KPop Icon Search Pinoy Edition (KisPinoy).
Cheryl Barker
Cheryl Ruth Barker AO (born 22 April 1960, Sydney) is an Australian operatic soprano who has had an active international career since the late 1980s. She has sung on several complete opera recordings with Chandos Records, including the title roles in Dvořák's Rusalka, Janáček's Káťa Kabanová and Puccini's Madama Butterfly, and Emilia Marty in Janáček's The Makropulos Case. She has also made two solo recordings of opera arias, one with the London Philharmonic Orchestra under conductor David Parry and the other with Orchestra Victoria and conductor Richard Bonynge. On the stage she has had partnerships with the English National Opera (ENO) and Opera Australia.

Orchestra Victoria
Orchestra Victoria is a full-time salaried orchestra based in Melbourne, Australia, and wholly owned subsidiary of the Australian Ballet. Founded in 1969, the orchestra is now a principal performance partner for the Australian Ballet, Opera Australia, and larger productions of Victorian Opera.
Gabriel Kolko
Gabriel Morris Kolko (August 17, 1932 – May 19, 2014) was an American historian. His research interests included American capitalism and political history, the Progressive Era, and U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century. One of the best-known revisionist historians to write about the Cold War, he was also credited as "an incisive critic of the Progressive Era and its relationship to the American empire." U.S. historian Paul Buhle summarized Kolko's career when he described him as "a major theorist of what came to be called Corporate Liberalism...[and] a very major historian of the Vietnam War and its assorted war crimes."

John Lewis Gaddis
John Lewis Gaddis (born April 2, 1941) is an American Cold War historian, political scientist, and writer. He is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. He is best known for his work on the Cold War and grand strategy, and he has been hailed as the "Dean of Cold War Historians" by The New York Times. Gaddis is also the official biographer of the prominent 20th-century American diplomat and historian George F. Kennan. George F. Kennan: An American Life (2011), his biography of Kennan, won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography.
Joe Rocks
M. Joseph Rocks (born June 6, 1947) is an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 4th district from 1983 to 1988 and as a Republican member of the same Senate district from 1988 to 1990. He also served as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 199 from 1979 to 1982.

Pennsylvania State Senate
The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature. Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg, and has been meeting since 1791.

The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor, who has no vote except to break a tie. The president pro tempore becomes the lieutenant governor in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person.
Ponca City Baseball team
Ponca City, Oklahoma was home to numerous minor league baseball teams between 1923 and 1957, playing at Conoco Park. Ponca City played as members of the Oklahoma State League (1923–1924), Southwestern League (1926), Western Association (1934–1938), Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League (1947–1952) and Western Association (1954). Ponca City was an affiliate of the Chicago Cubs (1934–1938), Brooklyn Dodgers (1947–1952) and Chicago Cubs (1955–1957).

Baseball Hall of Fame member Billy Williams played for the Ponca City Cubs in 1956–1957.

Ponca City, Oklahoma
Ponca City (Iowa-Oto: Chína Uhánⁿdhe) is a city in Kay County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The city was named after the Ponca tribe. Ponca City had a population of 24,424 in the 2020 census, down from 25,387 at the time of the 2010 census.
Candice Cuoco
Candice Cuoco (born April 8, 1988) is an American fashion designer who finished as a finalist on Season 14 of Project Runway and has been on the sixth season of Project Runway All Stars, where she finished in 12th Place.

Project Runway All Stars season 6
Project Runway All Stars (season 6) is the sixth season of the Project Runway spin-off series Project Runway All Stars. The concept of the edition is Rookies vs. Vets. It features sixteen designers, eight of whom have previously competed on Project Runway All Stars, and eight of whom are part of Project Runway All Stars for the first time. Alyssa Milano returned as host and both Georgina Chapman and Isaac Mizrahi returned as judges for this season, along with one or two guest judges each week. The show premiered on January 4, 2018 on Lifetime.
Sexual differentiation
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote. Sex differentiation is usually distinct from sex determination; sex determination is the designation of the development stage towards either male or female, while sex differentiation is the pathway towards the development of the phenotype.

In many species, testicular or ovarian differentiation begins with the appearance of Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females.

As embryos develop into mature adults, sex differences develop at many levels, including chromosomes, gonads, hormones, and anatomy. Beginning with determining sex by genetic and/or environmental factors, humans and other organisms proceed towards different differentiation pathways as they grow and develop.

Female
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size).

In species that have males and females, sex-determination may be based on either sex chromosomes, or environmental conditions. Most female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes. Characteristics of organisms with a female sex vary between different species, having different female reproductive systems, with some species showing characteristics secondary to the reproductive system, as with mammary glands in mammals.

In humans, the word female can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Tarnopol Ghetto
The Tarnopol Ghetto (Polish: getto w Tarnopolu, German: Ghetto Tarnopol) was a Jewish World War II ghetto established in 1941 by the Schutzstaffel (SS) in the prewar Polish city of Tarnopol (now Ternopil, Ukraine).

Lutsk Ghetto
The Lutsk Ghetto (Polish: getto w Łucku, German: Ghetto Luzk) was a Nazi ghetto established in 1941 by the SS in Lutsk, Western Ukraine, during World War II. In the interwar period, the city was known as Łuck and was part of the Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) in the Second Polish Republic.
Tennessee State Route 163
State Route 163 (SR 163) is an east-west state highway in McMinn and Polk counties of East Tennessee. It connects Calhoun and Delano, along with serving as the main access road between Interstate 75 (I-75) and Calhoun.

McMinn County, Tennessee
McMinn County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in East Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,276 . The county has a total area of 432 square miles (1,120 km2). Most of the county is within the Ridge and Valley area of the Appalachian Mountains. Its county seat is Athens. McMinn County, along with Meigs County comprises the Athens, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Nichols station
Nichols station (formerly Bonifacio–Villamor station, and from 2028 to be referred as Senate–DepEd station) is a railway station located on the South Main Line in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines, near the city's boundary with Pasay. It derives its name from one of the area's popular nicknames, Nichols, which is also the former name of Villamor Air Base. It was opened for revenue service on March 25, 2010. Station operations is temporarily suspended since March 28, 2024, to make way for the construction of the North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR). It will be repurposed as an elevated station that will serve both the NSCR and Metro Manila Subway.

The station is the twelfth station from Tutuban and is one of two stations serving Taguig, the other station being FTI.

Pasay
Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Pasay; IPA: [ˈpaː.saɪ̯]), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 453,186 people.

Due to its location just south of Manila, Pasay quickly became an urban town during the American colonial period. It is now best known for being the site of most of Ninoy Aquino International Airport and of complexes such as Newport City and the SM Central Business Park.
Badal Roy (footballer)
Badal Roy (4 July 1957 – 22 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi footballer. He was an attacking midfielder for the Mohammedan Sporting Club during the 1980s, at a time when the club was battling for supremacy against Abahani Krira Chakra on the Bangladeshi football scene. He played for Mohammedan for the entirety of his club career from 1977 until 1989, winning the title five times. He also played for the Bangladesh national football team from 1981 to 1986.

Roy later served as the vice-president of Bangladesh Football Federation for 3 terms from 2008 to 2020. He was also a vice-president of Bangladesh Olympic Association.

Roy won the National Sports Award in 2009.

Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)
Mohammedan Sporting Club Limited is a Bangladeshi professional football club based in Dhaka. Founded in 1936, it is one of the oldest and the most successful football club in the country, with a support base in all parts of the country. The club currently competes in the Bangladesh Premier League.
Compound of ten tetrahedra
The compound of ten tetrahedra, also known as the icosicosahedron, is one of the five regular polyhedral compounds. This polyhedron can be seen as either a stellation of the icosahedron or a compound. This compound was first described by Edmund Hess in 1876.

It can be seen as a faceting of a regular dodecahedron.

Polytope compound
In geometry, a polyhedral compound is a figure that is composed of several polyhedra sharing a common centre.  They are the three-dimensional analogs of polygonal compounds such as the hexagram.

The outer vertices of a compound can be connected to form a convex polyhedron called its convex hull. A compound is a faceting of its convex hull.

Another convex polyhedron is formed by the small central space common to all members of the compound. This polyhedron can be used as the core for a set of stellations.
Moskovsky constituency
The Moskovsky constituency (No. 27) is a Russian legislative constituency in Tatarstan. The constituency covers western Kazan as well as the entirety of western Tatarstan.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Ildar Gilmutdinov, a five-term State Duma member.

2016 Russian legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory. 109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534. The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%, with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6 pm.
Lake Melville (electoral district)
Lake Melville is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In 2011, there were 6,647 eligible voters living within the district.

The district includes Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Churchill Falls, North West River, Sheshatshiu, and Mud Lake. Happy Valley-Goose Bay is a service and defence town. Aboriginal issues, defence spending, hydroelectric power and control over development of forest resources are the major issues of the district.

Sheshatshiu, a federal Innu reserve, is located approximately 30 kilometres north of Goose Bay.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Kirstin Matthews
Kirstin Matthews is a Fellow in Science and Technology Policy at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. Matthews received a bachelor's degree in biochemistry from the University of Texas at Austin and a PhD in molecular biology from the University of Texas Health Science Center. Matthews has published multiple policy recommendations pertaining to stem cell research, climate change, and health care.

University of Texas System
The University of Texas System (UT System) is a public university system in the U.S. state of Texas. It includes nine universities and five independent health institutions. The UT System is headquartered in Downtown Austin. It is the largest university system in Texas with 250,000+ enrolled students, 21,000+ employed faculty, 83,000+ health care professionals, researchers and support staff. The UT System's $47.5 billion endowment (as of the 2024 fiscal year) is the largest of any public university system in the United States.
Fuyang railway station (Anhui)
Fuyang railway station (Chinese: 阜阳站) is a station on the Beijing–Kowloon railway in Fuyang, Anhui, and the largest station on this line in Anhui. It is also the terminus of the Fuhuai railway, Luofu railway and Qingfu railway. The station is one of the most important railways hubs of Anhui, served by about 90 trains a day and used by 9 million passengers a year.

Beijing–Kowloon railway
The Beijing–Kowloon railway, also known as the Jingjiu railway (simplified Chinese: 京九铁路 or 京九线; traditional Chinese: 京九鐵路 or 京九線) is a dual track railway connecting Beijing West railway station in Beijing to Shenzhen railway station in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.

It was previously connected with Hong Kong's East Rail line across the border. All services south of Shenzhen were discontinued in July 2020, citing high-speed rail as a result.
Tom Andrews (cricketer)
Thomas David Andrews (born 7 October 1994) is an Australian cricketer. He is an all-rounder who bats left-handed and bowls slow left-arm orthodox deliveries. He plays for Tasmania, having previously played for South Australia, the Adelaide Strikers and the Melbourne Renegades.

South Australia cricket team
The South Australia men's cricket team is an Australian men's professional first-class cricket team based in the state of South Australia. South Australia play their home matches at Adelaide Oval and Karen Rolton Oval, they are the state cricket team for South Australia representing the state in the Sheffield Shield competition and the limited overs One-Day Cup. The team is selected and supported by the South Australian Cricket Association (SACA).

The team's One-Day Cup uniform features a red body with gold and blue elements, the state's colours. They were known as the Southern Redbacks from 1995 to 2024, and officially competed under the West End Redbacks moniker from 1996 to 2024 due to a sponsorship agreement with West End. The Redbacks formerly competed in the now-defunct KFC Twenty20 Big Bash, but were succeeded by the Adelaide Strikers in 2011 because this league was replaced with the Big Bash League.
William Henry Wills (politician)
William Henry Wills (October 26, 1882 – March 6, 1946) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He was the 61st lieutenant governor of Vermont from 1937 to 1941 and the 65th governor of Vermont from 1941 to 1945. In 1944, Wills was a delegate to the Republican National Convention.

1944 Republican National Convention
The 1944 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois, from June 26 to 28, 1944. It nominated Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York for president and Governor John Bricker of Ohio for vice president.
Masonville, Kentucky
Masonville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,129 as of the 2020 census, doubling from 1,014 in the 2010 census. It is included in the Owensboro Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Jiang Qin
Jiang Qin (died late 219/early 220), courtesy name Gongyi, was a military general and naval specialist serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He previously served under Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor, Sun Ce, and participated in various battles throughout his service under the Sun family, including Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong, the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford and Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province, twice holding joint command of the Sun armies.

Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong
Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong were a series of military campaigns by the warlord Sun Ce to conquer territories in the Jiangdong and Wu regions from 194 to 199 towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. The conquered lands served as a foundation for the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280).
Mike McGeary
Michael Henry McGeary (November 16, 1850 – October 2, 1933) was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned from 1871 to 1882.  He played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball, playing principally as an infielder and catcher, for seven different major league clubs: the Troy Haymakers (1870–1871), the Philadelphia Athletics (NA) (1872–1874), the Philadelphia White Stockings (1875), the St. Louis Brown Stockings (1876–1877), the Providence Grays (1879–1880), the Cleveland Blues (1880–1881) and the Detroit Wolverines (1882).  Three of those clubs, the Philadelphia White Stockings, Providence Grays and Cleveland Blues, also employed him as player-manager.

In 11 major league seasons, McGeary compiled a .276 career batting average with 484 runs scored in 547 major league games. Rumors that he threw games persisted throughout his career, though such rumors were never proven.

Philadelphia Athletics (1860–1876)
The Philadelphia Athletics, also known as the Athletic Base Ball Club of Philadelphia, was a prominent National Association, and later National League, professional baseball team that played in the second half of the 19th century.
Pang Hak-se
Pang Hak-se (Korean: 방학세; Hanja: 方學世; 1914 – 18 July 1992) was a politician from North Korea. After the formal establishment of North Korea, he held various positions in the North Korean government, including member of the Supreme People's Assembly, the country's unicameral parliament, the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and later served as the President of the Central Court. He was general manager of the South Koreans abducted during the Korean War.

Cabinet of North Korea
The Cabinet of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 내각; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 內閣) is the supreme administrative organ of North Korea and the executive organ of the Supreme People's Assembly, the highest organ of state power. The Cabinet's official newspaper is Minju Choson.