hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement, or ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged articular surfaces of the human ankle joint with prosthetic components. This procedure is becoming the treatment of choice for patients requiring arthroplasty, replacing the conventional use of arthrodesis, i.e. fusion of the bones. The restoration of range of motion is the key feature in favor of ankle replacement with respect to arthrodesis. However, clinical evidence of the superiority of the former has only been demonstrated for particular isolated implant designs.

Ankle
The ankle, the talocrural region or the jumping bone (informal) is the area where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" (without qualifiers) can refer broadly to the region or specifically to the talocrural joint.

The main bones of the ankle region are the talus (in the foot), the tibia, and fibula (both in the leg). The talocrural joint is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus. The articulation between the tibia and the talus bears more weight than that between the smaller fibula and the talus.
Septum secundum
The septum secundum is a muscular flap that is important in heart development. It is semilunar in shape, and grows downward from the upper wall of the atrium immediately to the right of the septum primum and ostium secundum. It is important in the closure of the foramen ovale after birth.

Septum primum
During heart development of a human embryo, the single primitive atrium becomes divided into right and left by a septum, the septum primum. The septum primum (from Latin 'first septum') grows downward into the single atrium.
Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation
The Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation was a turboprop-powered version of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft family. Built in 1954 and 1955, the aircraft were used as prototypes for possible future military transport aircraft for both the United States Air Force and United States Navy. Both aircraft saw very short lives, and the airframes were later used to build L-1049 Super Constellations.

Douglas C-124 Globemaster II
The Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, nicknamed "Old Shaky", is a retired American heavy-lift cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company in Long Beach, California.

The C-124 was the primary heavy-lift transport for United States Air Force (USAF) Military Air Transport Service (MATS) during the 1950s and early 1960s, until the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter entered service. It served in MATS, later Military Airlift Command (MAC), and units of the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard until retired in 1974.
Miss Grand Guadeloupe
Miss Grand Guadeloupe is a national beauty pageant title awarded to Guadeloupe representatives who competed at the national event, Miss Grand France, or an international stage of Miss Grand International. The title was first awarded in 2013 to a 22-year-old from Le Moule, Orphelie Morti, who then competed in the international event in Thailand. In 2013 and from 2017 to 2019, the right to send Guadeloupe representatives to Miss Grand International belonged to the national pageant of Miss International Guadeloupe, headed by Georges Nandan.

Guadeloupe joined the Miss Grand International pageant four times, but all of its representatives were unplaced.

Miss Grand France
Miss Grand France is a French female national beauty pageant, held annually since 2019. The contest's winners represent the country at its international parent platform, Miss Grand International. Before 2019, all country representatives in such an international contest were appointed; most of them were the Miss Prestige National finalists (currently, Miss Excellence France).

The highest achievement reached by French representatives at the Miss Grand International pageant is the 3rd runner-up position, obtained by Safiétou Kabengele in 2024.
Coda (electric car)
The Coda is a four-door, four passenger electric car once manufactured by Coda Automotive. After being rescheduled several times, deliveries to retail customers in the United States began in March 2012. The car was sold exclusively in California and only 117 units were delivered by April 2013.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Coda's 31 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery system delivers a range of 88 mi (142 km). EPA's rated the Coda's combined fuel economy at 73 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (3.2 L/100 km).

The Coda adapted the body of the existing Hafei Saibao III, modifying the front and rear fascias. This variant is produced by Hafei and sold in China as the Saibao Electric Motor Car or Hafei Saibao EV.

Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate or lithium ferro-phosphate (LFP) is an inorganic compound with the formula LiFePO4. It is a gray, red-grey, brown or black solid that is insoluble in water. The material has attracted attention as a component of lithium iron phosphate batteries, a type of Li-ion battery.  This battery chemistry is targeted for use in power tools, electric vehicles, solar energy installations and more recently large grid-scale energy storage.

Most lithium batteries (Li-ion) used in consumer electronics products use cathodes made of lithium compounds such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), and lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2). The anodes are generally made of graphite.

Lithium iron phosphate exists naturally in the form of the mineral triphylite, but this material has insufficient purity for use in batteries.
Ratnamala (film)
Ratnamala is a 1948 Telugu-language film, produced and directed by P. S. Ramakrishna Rao under the Bharani Studios banner. It stars Bhanumathi Ramakrishna and Akkineni Nageswara Rao, with music composed by C. R. Subburaman.

P. Bhanumathi
P. Bhanumathi Ramakrishna (7 September 1925 – 24 December 2005) was an Indian actress, singer, film producer, director, music composer, writer, editor, studio owner and novelist. She is regarded as the first female superstar of Telugu cinema, and the first female director of Telugu cinema with her debut directorial Chandirani (1953). Bhanumathi appeared in over 100 films, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil languages. She also acted in a few Hindi and Kannada films. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2001 for her contribution to the Indian cinema. She was honored among "Women in Cinema" at the 30th International Film Festival of India.
Leo Beenhakker
Leo Beenhakker (Dutch: [ˈleːjoː ˈbeːnɦɑkər]; 2 August 1942 – 10 April 2025) was a Dutch football player and coach. Nicknamed "Don Leo" for his role in Spanish football, he had an extensive and successful career both at club and international level.

After his amateur playing career ended at 19 through injury, he began his coaching career. He won the Eredivisie title twice with Ajax and once with Feyenoord, becoming the only person to do so with both rival teams. In Spain he won three consecutive La Liga titles with Real Madrid in the late 1980s, including one as a double with the Copa del Rey. Additionally, he had brief spells in the top divisions of Switzerland, Mexico and Turkey.

At international level, he led the Netherlands at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Trinidad and Tobago to the 2006 FIFA World Cup and Poland to UEFA Euro 2008, the latter two being firsts for both nations.

De Klassieker
De Klassieker (The Classic) is the main football rivalry of the Netherlands, between Ajax (of Amsterdam) and Feyenoord (of Rotterdam), two of the traditional Big Three football teams from the Netherlands. The record attendance was on 9 January 1966, when 65,562 watched in Rotterdam.
Lords of Chaos (criminal group)
The Lords of Chaos was a self-styled teen militia formed on April 13, 1996, in Fort Myers, Florida, United States. It was led by Kevin Donald Foster (born Kevin Donald Bates; June 16, 1977). The group gained notoriety for a crime spree that ended on April 30, 1996, with the murder of one of the boys' teachers, Mark Schwebes, the Riverdale High School's band director.

The case has been documented most extensively in Jim Greenhill's true crime book, Someone Has to Die Tonight. It is also the subject of a Dateline NBC special, When A Killer Calls, as well as being mentioned in Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground by Michael Moynihan & Didrik Søderlind, with the book borrowing the group's name.

Michael J. Moynihan
Michael Jenkins Moynihan (born 1969) is an American writer, editor, translator, journalist, artist, and musician. He is best known for co-writing Lords of Chaos, a book about black metal.
Moynihan is founder of the music group Blood Axis, the music label Storm Records and publishing company Dominion Press.

Moynihan has interviewed numerous musical figures and has published several books, translations, and essays. He also published and edited James Mason's neo-Nazi book Siege, writing the book's introduction and helping Mason promote his work. Often linked to the far-right, Moynihan's politics have shifted through the decades, but remained controversial throughout his career.
Hosny Abd Rabo
Hosni Abd Rabbo Abdul Muttalib Ibrahim (Arabic: حسني عبد ربه عبد المطلب إبراهيم; born 1 November 1984) is an Egyptian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a central or attacking midfielder.

Hosny was usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker in the midfield for both his club and national sides.

Hosny spent most of his career at his boyhood club Ismaily where he played with the first team for more than 15 seasons. He is also one of the few players to refuse to leave the club to join their rivals Al Ahly.

Hosny also represented the Egypt national team at both youth and senior levels. He was a member of the winning squad of the 2008 and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations and won the Player of the Tournament award in 2008. Hosny was also included in Egypt's 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup squad and played all of his nation's matches during the tournament.

On 16 January 2019, Hosny officially announced his retirement from football at the age of 34.

2010 Africa Cup of Nations
The 2010 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th Africa Cup of Nations, the biennial football championship of Africa (CAF). It was held in Angola, from 10 January to 31 January 2010.

In the tournament, the hosts Angola were to be joined by 15 nations who advanced from the qualification process that began in October 2007 and involved 53 African national teams. The withdrawal of Togo two days before the tournament began, after a terrorist attack on their bus upon arriving in Angola, reduced the number of participating nations to 15. A total of 29 games were played, instead of the scheduled 32 because of the reduced teams. Egypt won the tournament, their seventh ACN title and an unprecedented third in a row, beating Ghana 1–0 in the final.
Crazy Quilt
Crazy-Quilt is the name of several characters in DC Comics. The first version, Mr. Quilt, is an enemy of the Boy Commandos and later Robin. The second version, Paul Dekker, is an enemy of the Blackhawks. The third version, also named Paul Dekker, is an enemy of the Post-Crisis Batman and Robin. The fourth version is an unnamed female who was a member of Alexander Luthor Jr.'s Secret Society.  The first and third are blind and use special helmets that enable them to regain their vision and generate rainbow energy beams. Crazy Quilt also appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Jeffrey Tambor, and the DC Super Hero Girls franchise, voiced by Tom Kenny.

Secret Society of Super Villains
Secret Society of Super Villains (SSoSV) is an American comic book published by DC Comics, created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Pablo Marcos, which first appeared in May–June 1976. The series' focuses on a titular group of supervillains, most of whom are foes of the members of the Justice League of America. The series was cancelled with issue #15 in July 1978, as part of the DC Implosion, a period when DC suddenly cancelled dozens of comics.

In the decades following the cancellation of the original book, the fictional group has returned in many forms.
Water cluster
In chemistry, a water cluster is a discrete hydrogen bonded assembly or cluster of molecules of water. Many such clusters have been predicted by theoretical models (in silico), and some have been detected experimentally in various contexts such as ice, bulk liquid water, in the gas phase, in dilute mixtures with non-polar solvents, and as water of hydration in crystal lattices.  The simplest example is the water dimer (H2O)2.

Water clusters have been proposed as an explanation for some anomalous properties of liquid water, such as its unusual variation of density with temperature. Water clusters are also implicated in the stabilization of certain supramolecular structures. They are expected to play a role also in the hydration of molecules and ions dissolved in water.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Mount Duval (New South Wales)
Mount Duval, a large forested mountain of the New England Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, is located on the Northern Tablelands in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

With an elevation of 1,393 metres (4,570 ft) above sea level, Mount Duval is one of the largest peaks in the area, dominating the Armidale skyline located approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the south of the summit. Mount Duval features on the logo of the Armidale Dumaresq Council.

The mountain was named after John Duval, a convict and servant of a local pastoralist who worked in the area around the mountain in the 1830s. Most of the mountain is contained within the Duval Nature Reserve. Duval College at the University of New England is also named after the mountain.

University of New England (Australia)
The University of New England (UNE) is a public university in the New England region of the state of New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1938, it was the first Australian university to be established outside of a state capital. Its main campus is located in the regional city of Armidale mid-way between Sydney and Brisbane. As of 2023, the university had approximately 22,000 students, of which 82.8% were online and 17.2% on campus.

In the 2019 Student Experience Survey, UNE recorded the sixth-highest student satisfaction rating out of all Australian universities, and the highest student satisfaction rating out of all public universities in New South Wales, with an overall satisfaction rating of 83.2. The university ranks lower in research-based rankings of Australian universities.
Zyn
Zyn (stylized as "ZYN") is a Swedish brand of nicotine pouches. Zyn pouches are designed to be placed between the gums and lip, allowing nicotine to be absorbed into the bloodstream through oral soft tissue. Unlike snus or dip, nicotine pouches do not contain tobacco or stem material, but remain addictive due to their nicotine content.

The brand was created by Swedish Match, a subsidiary of Philip Morris International since 2022. In the United States, Zyn’s share of the nicotine-pouch category exceeded 70% in 2023, according to industry and financial reporting.

Swedish Match
Swedish Match AB is a Swedish multinational tobacco company headquartered in Stockholm. It has been owned by the American Philip Morris International since 2022.
The company manufactures snus, nicotine pouches, moist snuff, tobacco- and nicotine-free pouch products, chewing tobacco, chew bags, tobacco bits, cigars, matches, lighters, and other fire products with operations in Sweden, Denmark, the United States, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, the Netherlands, and the Philippines. The company's origins can be traced back to 1868, and Ivar Kreuger. Swedish Match has played an important part in Sweden's industrial development.

In May 2022, Philip Morris launched a takeover bid for Swedish Match. Despite some shareholder resistance, by late November 2022 Philip Morris had acquired over 90% ownership, allowing it to begin the compulsory purchase of remaining shares and de-list Swedish Match from the stock market.
Chan Heng Chee
Chan Heng Chee DUBC PJG PPA(E) (Chinese: 陈庆珠; born 19 April 1942) is a Singaporean academic and diplomat who has been serving as Ambassador-at-Large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 2012, Chairwoman of the National Arts Council and Member of the Presidential Council for Minority Rights. She had also served as Singapore Ambassador to the United States between 1996 and 2012.

Pingat Pentadbiran Awam
The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (English: Public Administration Medal) is a Singaporean decoration instituted in 1963 and has three grades:

Emas (Gold)

Perak (Silver)

Gangsa (Bronze)

The medal may be awarded to any of the following persons for outstanding efficiency, competence and industry:

any person who is or has been a public officer.

any person who is or has been an officer employed by any statutory authority (other than a Town Council).

any person who is or has been in the service of any organisation, association or body rendering services in the field of education.

any person who is or has been employed in any company which is wholly owned by the Government and which is carrying on business mainly as an agent or instrumentality of the Government.

Recipients are entitled to use the post-nominal letters PPA, and may include the grade in brackets - e.g.: PPA(E).

The Pingat Pentadbiran Awam (Tentera) is the Singapore Armed Forces equivalent award.
Sushruta Samhita
The Sushruta Samhita (Sanskrit: सुश्रुतसंहिता, lit. 'Suśruta's Compendium', IAST: Suśrutasaṃhitā) is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world. The Compendium of Suśruta is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, alongside the Charaka-Saṃhitā, the Bhela-Saṃhitā, and the medical portions of the Bower Manuscript. It is one of two foundational Hindu texts on the medical profession that have survived from ancient India.

The Suśrutasaṃhitā is of great historical importance because it includes historically unique chapters describing surgical training, instruments and procedures.  The oldest surviving manuscript of the Suśrutasaṃhitā is MS Kathmandu KL 699, a palm-leaf manuscript preserved at the Kaiser Library, Nepal, dated to 878 AD.

Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts were used as writing material in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to as early as the 5th century BCE. Their use began in Nepal and India and spread to other regions, such as Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, in the form of dried and smoke-treated Palmyra or talipot palm leaves.
Their use continued until the 19th century when the printing press replaced hand-written manuscripts.

One of the oldest surviving complete palm leaf manuscripts is a Sanskrit Shaivism text from the 9th century, discovered in Nepal, and now preserved at the Cambridge University Library. The Spitzer Manuscript is a collection of palm leaf fragments found in Kizil Caves, China. They are dated to around the 2nd century CE and is in Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit.
Sardi (musician)
Mas Sardi (December 1910 – 21 October 1953) was an Indonesian composer and musician notable for being the country's first professional music supervisor. He and his wife Hadidjah were the parents of Citra Award-winning musician Idris Sardi.

Indonesian Film Festival
The Indonesian Film Festival (Indonesian: Festival Film Indonesia, 'FFI') is an annual awards ceremony organised by the Indonesian Film Board and the Ministry of Culture to celebrate cinematic achievements in the Indonesian film industry. During the festival, the Citra Awards winners are announced and the best Indonesian films of the year are presented.

The awards ceremony was first held in 1955 as the Pekan Apresiasi Film Nasional (National Film Appreciation Week). It changed to Festival Film Indonesia in 1973. In 1986, the festival included awards for television movies called Vidia Awards.
Cities: A Gamemaster's Guide to Encounters and Other Rules For Fantasy Games
Cities is a fantasy role-playing game supplement that was first published by Midkemia Press in 1979.  The supplement was designed to be used with any role-playing game system, and provides information about using urban center as part of adventures.  Midkemia published a second edition in 1980, Chaosium published a third edition in 1986, and Avalon Hill published a fourth edition in 1988 for the RuneQuest role-playing game.  The various editions received positive reviews in game periodicals including The Space Gamer, Different Worlds, Dragon, White Dwarf, Casus Belli, and Games International.

The Space Gamer
The Space Gamer was a magazine dedicated to the subject of science fiction and fantasy board games and tabletop role-playing games. It quickly grew in importance and was an important and influential magazine in its subject matter from the late 1970s through the mid-1980s. The magazine is no longer published, but the rights holders maintain a web presence using its final title Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer.
Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan
Mohamed Hag Ali Hag el Hassan (Arabic: محمد حاج علي حاج الحسن; born 21 November 1947) is a Sudanese-Italian mathematician and physicist who co-founded numerous scientific councils. He is the President of Sudanese National Academy of Sciences, and was the President of The World Academy of Sciences, African Academy of Sciences (1999–2010), and Network of African Science Academies. He was also the Director of Secretariat of InterAcademy Partnership (2010–2016).

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
Haml
Haml (HTML Abstraction Markup Language) is a templating system that is designed to avoid writing inline code in a web document and make the HTML cleaner. Similar to other template systems like eRuby, Haml also embeds some code that gets executed during runtime and generates HTML code in order to provide some dynamic content. In order to run Haml code, files need to have a .haml extension. These files are similar to .erb or .eRuby files, which also help embed Ruby code while developing a web application.

While parsing code comments, Haml uses the same rules as Ruby 1.9 or later. Haml understands only ASCII-compatible encodings, like UTF-8, but not UTF-16, or UTF-32, because these are not compatible with ASCII.

Haml can be used at the command line, as a separate Ruby module, or in a Ruby on Rails application.

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.