hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Maack
Richard Otto Maack (Russian: Ричард Карлович Маак, romanized: Richard Karlovich Maak; 4 September 1825 – 25 November 1886) was a Russian naturalist, geographer, and anthropologist. He is most known for his exploration of the Russian Far East and Siberia, particularly the Ussuri and Amur River valleys.  He wrote some of the first scientific descriptions of the natural history of remote Siberia and collected many biological specimens, many of which were original type specimens of previously unknown species.

Ethnically Maack was a Baltic German from Estonia; however, the Russian Empire controlled this country during his lifetime. He was a member of the Siberian branch of the Russian Geographical Society.

Ussuri
The Ussuri (/uːˈsʊəri/ oo-SOOR-ee; Russian: Уссури [ʊsˈsurʲɪ]) or Wusuli (Chinese: 乌苏里; pinyin: wūsūlǐ [ǔsǔlî]) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary near Khabarovsk. It is approximately 897 km (557 mi) long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers 193,000 km2 (75,000 mi2). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is 1,620 m3/s (57,000 cu ft/s), and the average elevation is 1,682 metres (5,518 ft).
1 52 honeycomb
In geometry, the 152 honeycomb is a uniform tessellation of 8-dimensional Euclidean space. It contains 142 and 151 facets, in a birectified 8-simplex vertex figure. It is the final figure in the 1k2 polytope family.

8-demicube
In geometry, a demiocteract or 8-demicube is a uniform 8-polytope, constructed from the 8-hypercube, octeract, with alternated vertices removed. It is part of a dimensionally infinite family of uniform polytopes called demihypercubes.

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM8 for an 8-dimensional half measure polytope.

Coxeter named this polytope as 151 from its Coxeter diagram, with a ring on 
one of the 1-length branches,  and Schläfli symbol  or {3,35,1}.

Acronym: hocto (Jonathan Bowers)
Żegota
Żegota (pronounced [ʐɛˈɡɔta] ⓘ, full codename: the "Konrad Żegota Committee") was the Polish Council to Aid Jews with the Government Delegation for Poland (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom przy Delegaturze Rządu RP na Kraj), an underground Polish resistance organization, and part of the Polish Underground State, active 1942–45 in German-occupied Poland. Żegota was the successor institution to the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews and was established specifically to save Jews. Poland was the only country in German-occupied Europe where such a government-established and -supported underground organization existed.

Estimates of the number of Jews that Żegota provided aid to, and eventually saved, range from several thousands to tens of thousands.

Operatives of Żegota worked in extreme circumstances – under threat of death by the Nazi forces.

Polish resistance movement in World War II
In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State.
Ġonna tal-Kmand
The Ġonna tal-Kmand (transl. Commanders' Gardens), formerly known as Ġonna tal-Kutnent (transl. Lieutenants' Gardens) and sometimes known as Ball Gardens, are a group of gardens in various localities in Malta, which were built in the early years of the 19th century when the island was a British protectorate. The gardens were commissioned by Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball between 1802 and 1805, and were given to the Luogotenenti in charge of the towns or villages.

A total of 21 gardens were established. About half of these were destroyed in the 20th century, while the others have survived in various states of maintenance. Well-preserved gardens include those at Gudja, Għargħur, Qrendi and Żejtun.

Qrendi
Qrendi (Maltese: Il-Qrendi) is a village in the Western Region of Malta, with a population of 3,148 people as of October 2021. It is located close to Mqabba, Żurrieq and Siġġiewi. Within its boundaries are the two Neolithic temples of Mnajdra and Ħaġar Qim.

Two annual feasts are held in Qrendi: the feast of Our Lady of Lourdes is celebrated either on the last Sunday of June or the first Sunday of July, and the Feast of the Ascension of Our Lady on 15 August.

Although the majority of the village's old core buildings remain today, Qrendi has changed considerably in recent times. A bypass road has been built to divert through-traffic away from the village, modern suburb developments have been built and an open space with a bus terminus created in front of the Parish Church by removing the walled grounds from an old villa.
Società Bancaria Italiana
The Società Bancaria Italiana (SBI, lit. 'Italian Banking Company') was a significant Italian bank, based in Milan. It was established in 1904 by renaming of Società Bancaria Milanese (1898–1904), itsel the successor of Figli Weill Shott & C. (1850–1898). In the early 20th century, it was one of Italy's four dominant universal banks, together with Banca Commerciale Italiana, Credito Italiano, and Banco di Roma.: 14  After narrowly surviving financial distress in 1907 thanks to government intervention, the SBI merged in 1915 with the Società Italiana di Credito Provinciale to form the Banca Italiana di Sconto.

Credito Italiano
Credito Italiano, often referred to by the shorthand Credit, was a significant Italian bank based in Milan. It was established in 1895, succeeding the Banca di Genova established in 1870 in Genoa. In 1998 it merged with Unicredito to form Unicredito Italiano, later known as UniCredit.

Soon afterwards, UniCredit created a new subsidiary of the same name to run the retail network of Credito Italiano. On 1 July 2002, that subsidiary received the assets of sister banks to become UniCredit Banca.
USS Chew
USS Chew (DD-106) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II.

From 1918 to 1922, Chew operated along the East Coast of the United States on patrol and training duties, including escorting a transatlantic voyage of Curtiss NC seaplanes. In 1940, she was recommissioned and operated out of Pearl Harbor. During the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, she brought her guns to bear against aircraft of the Empire of Japan, and two of her men were killed helping to man the battleship Pennsylvania. For the remainder of the war, Chew operated out of the port on escort and patrol duties, until she was decommissioned in 1945.

Curtiss NC
The Curtiss NC (Curtiss Navy Curtiss, nicknamed "Nancy boat" or "Nancy") is a flying boat built by Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company and used by the United States Navy from 1918 through the early 1920s. Ten of these aircraft were built, the most famous of which is the NC-4, the first airplane to make a transatlantic flight. The NC-4 is preserved in the National Museum of Naval Aviation, at NAS Pensacola, Florida.
Touristic Express
The Touristic Express (Brazilian Portuguese: Expresso Turístico) is a service of the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos, a tourist train that makes trips between Luz Station, in São Paulo, and Paranapiacaba, Mogi das Cruzes and Jundiaí, with the objective of showing and disseminating the history of railroads and trains, which boosted the capital and the cities that are part of the São Paulo railway network.

Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
The Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) (lit. 'São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company') is one of the rapid transit companies serving the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metro, ViaQuatro and ViaMobilidade, all four forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America. It was created on 28 May 1992, from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

Part of the Greater São Paulo rail system, the CPTM currently operates 57 stations in five lines, with a total length of 199 kilometres (124 mi). The system carries about 2 million passengers a day. On 7 December 2018, CPTM set a weekday ridership record with 3,221,035 trips.
Ronald Hopwood
Admiral Ronald Arthur Hopwood CB (7 December 1868 – 28 December 1949) was a British naval officer and poet.  He began his career in 1882 with the Royal Navy as a gunnery officer, completed it in 1919 as a rear admiral, and was acclaimed in 1941 as poet laureate of the Royal Navy by Time. As an author, Admiral Hopwood's first work was his poem The Laws of the Navy, published in 1896 when he was a lieutenant. With its good-natured military advice making it popular within both the Royal and U.S. navies, Time gives it "precedence among Navy men even over Kipling's If" and goes on to quote Hopwood's new poem Secret Orders in its entirety. The last lines of Secret Orders, written in appreciation of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement (a predecessor to Lend Lease), harken to the Second World War bond between the two navies.

Destroyers-for-bases deal
The destroyers-for-bases deal was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom on 2 September 1940, according to which 50 Caldwell, Wickes, and Clemson-class US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions. At the time, the United States was neutral in World War II.

Generally referred to as the "twelve hundred-ton type" (also known as "flush-deck", or "four-pipers" after their four funnels), the destroyers became the British Town class and were named after towns common to both countries. US President Franklin Roosevelt used an executive agreement, which does not require congressional approval. He was sharply criticised from antiwar Americans, who took the position that the agreement violated the Neutrality Acts.
T. E. Rofe
Thomas Ernest Rofe (15 June 1869 – 16 May 1945) was a solicitor in Sydney, New South Wales, who was struck off the roll in 1896, later described as accountant and company manager. He was prominent in the history of the Churches of Christ in New South Wales.

Churches of Christ
The Churches of Christ, also commonly known as the Church of Christ, is a loose association of autonomous Christian congregations located around the world. Typically, their distinguishing beliefs are the necessity of baptism for salvation and the prohibition of musical instruments in worship. Many such congregations identify themselves as being nondenominational. The Churches of Christ arose in the United States from the Restoration Movement of 19th-century Christians, who declared independence from denominations and traditional creeds. They sought "the unification of all Christians in a single body patterned after the original church described in the New Testament.": 54
Frank Cottrell-Boyce
Frank Cottrell-Boyce né Boyce (born 23 September 1959) is a British screenwriter, novelist and occasional actor, known for his children's fiction and for his collaborations with film director Michael Winterbottom. He has achieved fame as the writer for the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and for sequels to Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Magical Car, a children's classic by Ian Fleming.

Cottrell-Boyce has won two major British awards for children's books, the 2004 Carnegie Medal for Millions, which originated as a film script, and the 2012 Guardian Prize for The Unforgotten Coat, which was commissioned by a charity. In July 2024 he was appointed as Children's Laureate, succeeding Joseph Coelho.

Guardian Children's Fiction Prize
The Guardian Children's Fiction Prize or Guardian Award was a literary award that annually recognised one fiction book written for children or young adults (at least age eight) and published in the United Kingdom. It was conferred upon the author of the book by The Guardian newspaper, which established it in 1965 and inaugurated it in 1967 (1967). It was a lifetime award in that previous winners were not eligible. At least from 2000 the prize was £1,500. The prize was apparently discontinued after 2016 (2016), though no formal announcement appears to have been made.
Beverly McClellan
Beverly McClellan (July 6, 1969 – October 30, 2018) was an American singer and a contestant in the 1st season of the American TV series The Voice, reaching the final four.

At age four, McClellan started playing the piano and later learned to play guitar, trumpet, French horn, mandolin, ukulele, bass guitar, djembe and a wide variety of drums and percussion. She started singing at age 24 and had been performing at clubs in and bars around Fort Lauderdale, Florida, for 20 years. She had won the New York National Music Festival in 2004 as Best Overall Performer amongst 500 contestants.

The Voice (American TV series) season 1
The Voice is a reality talent show. The series is part of the franchise The Voice and is based on a similar competition format in the Netherlands, The Voice of Holland. The show is hosted by Carson Daly, with Alison Haislip serving as the backstage and social networking correspondent, and the coaches, all well-known musicians, were Christina Aguilera, CeeLo Green, Maroon 5 frontman Adam Levine and Blake Shelton. The inaugural season premiered April 26, 2011, and ended on June 29, 2011, with the live finale.

Javier Colon was named the winner of the inaugural season, marking Adam Levine's first win as a coach.
Emmett/Furla Oasis
Emmett/Furla Oasis Films (EFO Films), previously known as Emmett/Furla Films and Oasis Ventures Entertainment separately, was an American film and television production and financing company founded by Randall Emmett and George Furla in 1998. It is notable for funding and producing the films End of Watch, 2 Guns and Lone Survivor.

In 2018, the company was acquired by Helios and Matheson Analytics, which gained a 51% ownership stake in EFO. It began producing films under MoviePass. Two years later, following a litany of civil and federal lawsuits against HMNY and EFO, in combination with controversy surrounding the latter's business practices and workplace issues, the former filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in late 2019, with both the latter and MoviePass dissolving their partnership and ending operations a year later.

2 Guns
2 Guns is a 2013 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Baltasar Kormákur and starring Denzel Washington and Mark Wahlberg. It is based on the comic book series of the same name created by Steven Grant and Mateus Santolouco, published in 2007 by Boom! Studios.

The film was released in the United States on August 2, 2013, and was met with positive reviews from critics.
José Torres (educator)
José M. Torres (March 29, 1960 – May 2, 2025) was an American educator who served as the interim CEO of Chicago Public Schools (its superintendent position), superintendent of the Elgin Area School District U46, and superintendent of the San Ysidro Elementary School District. He also served as president of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy.

Elgin Area School District U46
Elgin Area School District U46, often referred to as "U-46", is a unit school district headquartered in Elgin, Kane County, Illinois. Covering 90 square miles (230 km2), the district serves portions of eleven communities in the northwest suburbs of Chicago in Cook, DuPage and Kane Counties. School District U-46 serves over 40,000 children in grades preK-12. The district ranks as the second largest in Illinois with forty elementary schools, eight middle schools and five high schools.

Tony Sanders was the CEO until August 2022.
Publius Mucius Scaevola (consul 133 BC)
Publius Mucius Scaevola (c. 176 BC – c. 115 BC) was a prominent Roman politician and jurist who was consul in 133 BC. In his earlier political career he served as tribune of the plebs in 141 BC and praetor in 136 BC. He also held the position of pontifex maximus for sixteen years after his consulship. He died around 115 BC.

Scaevola was consul at the time of Tiberius Gracchus' tribuneship and murder, and was heavily involved in reconciling the Senate following Gracchus' death. According to Cicero, Scaevola supported Gracchus' land reforms (Lex Sempronia Agraria), but the extent of his involvement has been debated by some historians.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Paludolemma
Paludolemma is a fungal genus in the family Lichinaceae. It comprises the single species Paludolemma syreniarum, a semi-aquatic  cyanolichen. Originally described as Lempholemma syreniarum in 2019 from collections made in southern Ontario, the species was reclassified into the new genus Paludolemma in 2024 based on molecular and morphological evidence. It grows on the lower trunks of deciduous trees in seasonally flooded swamp forests, forming dark gelatinous crusts in the zone between high and low water marks. This semi-aquatic, bark-dwelling lifestyle is unusual among cyanolichens in its family, most of which grow on rocks rather than tree bark.

Lichinaceae
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions. In a 2024 molecular phylogenetics-informed revision, the circumscription of Lichinaceae was narrowed and the class Lichinomycetes was re‑structured into four families (three emended and one new), with many genera moved to Porocyphaceae, Phylliscaceae, or the newly erected Lichinellaceae. The family contain about 125 species in roughly 25 genera.
Michel Bastos
Michel Fernandes Bastos (born 2 August 1983) is a Brazilian retired professional footballer who mainly played as a left winger.

Bastos started his career at hometown club Pelotas before moving to the Netherlands, where he played for Feyenoord and Excelsior. He then returned to Brazil, where he played for Atlético Paranaense, Grêmio and Figueirense. He moved to French club Lille in 2006 before transferring to Lyon in 2009. After unsuccessful spells at Schalke 04, Al Ain and Roma, he moved back to Brazil to play for São Paulo in 2014. He joined Palmeiras in 2017 and had a spell at Sport do Recife in 2018. He signed for América (MG) in 2019.

Bastos has won 10 caps and scored 1 goal for the Brazil national team. He was a starter at the 2010 World Cup, playing as a left-back. Bastos was known to be a free kick specialist throughout his career.

Esporte Clube Pelotas
Esporte Clube Pelotas, more commonly referred to as Pelotas, is a professional football club based in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Founded in 1908, it plays in the Campeonato Gaúcho A2, the state of Rio Grande do Sul's second tier of premier state league, holding home games at Estádio Boca do Lobo, with a 23,336-seat capacity.

The club competed several times in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série B and in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série C, and won the Campeonato Gaúcho in 1930. Esporte Clube Pelotas women's football team competed in the 2008 Copa do Brasil de Futebol Feminino.
1904 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1904 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904, to elect the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Duncan Clinch Heyward faced no opposition in the Democratic primary nor the general election to win a second two-year term as governor.

Governor of South Carolina
The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly "State of the State" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.

The 117th and current governor of South Carolina is Henry McMaster, who is serving his second elected term. He assumed the office on January 24, 2017, after Nikki Haley resigned to become the United States ambassador to the United Nations. He won election to full terms in 2018 and 2022. McMaster is also the state’s longest serving governor.
Maine State Route 195
State Route 195  (SR 195) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways. It runs entirely in the town of Gouldsboro for a length of 8.09 miles (13.02 km). It travels from an intersection with Corea Road and Crowley Island Road in Corea to an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1).

The route is notable due to not being renumbered or decommissioned after the Interstate Highway System was installed, as was the case with State Route 95.

Gouldsboro, Maine
Gouldsboro is a town and municipality in Hancock County, Maine, United States on the Schoodic Peninsula. The town was named for Robert Gould, a landholder in the town. The town has many historically separate fishing villages, summer colonies and communities, including Birch Harbor, Prospect Harbor, South Gouldsboro, West Gouldsboro, Summer Harbor, Wonsqueak Harbor, Bunker's Harbor, Chicken Mill, Jones' Pond, Westbay, and Corea. The population was 1,703 at the 2020 census.
Abermaid
Abermaid (1959–December 1979) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the classic 1000 Guineas in 1962. In a racing career lasting from the spring of 1961 until July 1962, the filly ran eight times and won four races. As a two-year-old in 1961, Abermaid was unbeaten in three races including the New Stakes at Royal Ascot. After running poorly on her three-year-old debut she recorded an upset win in the 1000 Guineas at Newmarket Racecourse in May. She was placed in her three remaining races before being retired to stud where she had some success as a broodmare.

Norfolk Stakes (Great Britain)
The Norfolk Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 5 furlongs (1,006 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June.

The event was established in 1843, and it was originally called the New Stakes. The inaugural running was won by Rattan.

The race was renamed the Norfolk Stakes in 1973. It now honours the 16th Duke of Norfolk, who served as HM's Representative at Ascot from 1945 to 1972. For a period the event held Group 3 status, and it was promoted to Group 2 level in 2006.

The Norfolk Stakes is currently staged on day three of the five-day Royal Ascot meeting. It was added to the Breeders' Cup Challenge series for 2018 as a "Win and You're In" qualifier for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf Sprint.