hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Upgrade (novel)
Upgrade is a 2022 novel by Blake Crouch. It is his tenth stand-alone novel, published three years after Summer Frost (2019). The novel explores the ethical and existential ramifications of genetic engineering, set in a near-future world where humanity grapples with the consequences of advanced human genetic enhancement.

Human genetic enhancement
Human genetic enhancement, human genetic modification or human genetic engineering refers to human enhancement by means of a genetic modification. This could be done in order to cure diseases (gene therapy), prevent the possibility of getting a particular disease (similarly to vaccines),  to improve athlete performance in sporting events (gene doping), or to change physical appearance, metabolism, and even improve physical capabilities and mental faculties such as memory and intelligence.
These genetic enhancements may or may not be done in such a way that the change is heritable (which has raised concerns within the scientific community).
Fred Glasse
Alfred Onslow Glasse CMG OBE MC OStJ JP (4 December 1889 – 13 December 1977) was a New Zealand electrical engineer and local-body politician. He was chief engineer of the Auckland Electric Power Board for 29 years, and served as president of the New Zealand Institution of Engineers in 1942–43. Glasse was later elected as an Auckland City Councillor, and was deputy mayor from 1962 to 1970.

Auckland City Council
Auckland City Council was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1989 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elected body representing the 404,658 residents (2006 census) of the city, which included some of the Hauraki Gulf islands, such as Waiheke Island and Great Barrier Island. It was chaired by the Mayor of Auckland City.
Humber Valley (electoral district)
Humber Valley is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. In the 2011 Census, there were 7,938 eligible voters living within the district.

Humber Valley covered some of the best agricultural land in Newfoundland and Labrador, and ran from Deer Lake to just north of Great Harbour Deep. Apart from Deer Lake, other communities in the district included Cormack, Reidville, Hampden, Sop's Arm, and part of Pasadena.

The district was created for the 1975 provincial election out of parts of White Bay South, Humber East, and St. George's.

In 2015, the House of Assembly was reduced to 40 seats, and the district of Humber Valley was combined with part of the district of St. Barbe, forming the new district of Humber - Gros Morne.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Dicky Case
Roy George Arthur Case (7 June 1909 Toowoomba, Queensland - 24 December 1987) was an Australian international speedway rider who finished sixth in the 1936 Speedway World Championship, the first ever final.

1936 Individual Speedway World Championship
The 1936 Individual Speedway World Championship was the first ever Speedway World Championship and was won by Lionel Van Praag of Australia. The forerunner to the World Championship was generally regarded to be the Star Riders' Championship. The final was held at London's Wembley Stadium in front of 74,000. It was the first of a record 26 times that Wembley would host the World Final with the last being in 1981.
Dannavan Morrison
Dannavan Morrison (born 12 June 1960) is a former Bahamian cricketer. Morrison is a right-handed batsman who represented the Bahamas national cricket team.

Morrison made his debut for the Bahamas in the 2006 ICC Americas Championship Division 2 against PanamaBelize.

Morrison made his only Twenty20 appearance for the Bahamas against the Cayman Islands in the 1st round of the 2006 Stanford 20/20.

Morrison represented the Bahamas in the 2010 ICC World Cricket League Division Five and the 2010 ICC Americas Championship Division 2.  Morrison's final match for the Bahamas came against Vanuatu.

ICC Americas Championship
The ICC Americas Championship is a one-day cricket tournament organised by ICC Americas for non-Test national cricket teams in the Americas affiliated with the International Cricket Council. As well as providing the opportunity for national teams to play international matches against teams of a similar standard, it also provides qualification into the ICC World Cricket League.

There are currently four divisions taking place biannually with promotion and relegation taking place between divisions. In 2010 Division One, for the first time, a Twenty20 tournament took place following the traditional 50 over competition.
Simplicial sphere
In geometry and combinatorics, a simplicial (or combinatorial) d-sphere is a simplicial complex homeomorphic to the d-dimensional sphere. Some simplicial spheres arise as the boundaries of convex polytopes, however, in higher dimensions most simplicial spheres cannot be obtained in this way.

One important open problem in the field was the g-conjecture, formulated by Peter McMullen, which asks about possible numbers of faces of different dimensions of a simplicial sphere. In December 2018, the g-conjecture was proven by Karim Adiprasito in the more general context of rational homology spheres.

Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.
K.K. Gopalakrishnan
K. K. Gopalakrishnan (also known as KKG) is an Indian art historian, author, photographer, and cultural administrator based in Kerala. He is noted for his extensive scholarship on traditional Malayali performing arts, particularly Kathakali and Theyyam. A recipient of the Tagore National Research Scholarship awarded by India's Ministry of Culture, Gopalakrishnan formerly served as Director of the Centre for Kutiyattam under the Sangeet Natak Akademi from 2010 to 2016.

As of 2024, he is the Director of the South Zone Cultural Centre, Thanjavur, and also holds additional charge as Director of the South-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Nagpur, both institutions under India's Ministry of Culture.

He is the author of Kathakali Dance–Theatre: A Visual Narrative of Sacred Indian Mime (2016) and Theyyam: Indian Folk Ritual Theatre – An Insider's Vision (2024), which explores themes of ritual, caste, and visual storytelling.

Arts of Kerala
The Indian state Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. The various communities in Kerala contribute to its rich and colourful culture. The most important traditional art forms of Kerala are Kathakali, Kalaripayattu, Mayilpeeli Thookkam, Koodiyattam, Theyyam, Mohiniyattam, Thullal, Padayani, Pulikali, Thiruvathirakali, Chakyarkoothu, Chavittunadakam, etc.
William Lawrence (Kentucky politician)
William Lee Lawrence (born January 19, 1989) is an American politician and businessman serving as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Kentucky's 70th House district. His district is composed of Bracken, Harrison, Mason, and Robertson counties.

He is not seeking reelection in 2026, instead running to be a commissioner on the Mason County Fiscal Court.

Mason County, Kentucky
Mason County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,120.  Its county seat is Maysville. The county was created from Bourbon County, Virginia in 1788 and named for George Mason, a Virginia delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights".
Mason County comprises the Maysville, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville, OH-KY-IN Combined Statistical Area.
God in Disguise
God in Disguise (in Swedish: Förklädd gud; sometimes translated to English as A God Disguised or Disguised God), Op. 24, is a cantata (officially "lyrical suite") for narrator, soprano, baritone, mixed choir, and orchestra written in 1940 by Swedish composer Lars-Erik Larsson. Tuneful and pastoral in style, the neoromantic God in Disguise is a setting of a 1933 narrative poem by the Swedish poet Hjalmar Gullberg; Gullberg's poem is itself based on the prologue to a Hellenic play, in which the god Apollo is exiled from Olympus and condemned to mortal servitude as a flute-playing Thessalian shepherd. The cantata, which premiered over Swedish Radio on 1 April 1940 under the composer's baton, was an instant success. It remains not only one of Larsson's most celebrated compositions, but also one of the most frequently performed pieces of Swedish art music.

Sveriges Radio
Sveriges Radio AB (Swedish: [ˈsvæ̌rjɛs ˈrɑ̌ːdɪʊ]; lit. 'Sweden's Radio'; SR), also called Swedish Radio in English, is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster. Sveriges Radio is a public limited company, owned by an independent foundation, previously funded through a licensing fee, the level of which is decided by the Swedish Riksdag. As of 1 January 2019, the funds stem from standard taxation. No advertising is permitted. Its legal status could be described as that of a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization.
Alejandra Vigo
Alejandra María Vigo (born 22 September 1957) is an Argentine trade unionist and politician, currently serving as a National Senator for Córdoba since 2021. A member of the Justicialist Party, Vigo forms part of the provincial Hacemos por Córdoba (HPC) alliance. She was previously a National Deputy from 2017 to 2021.

Vigo has previously served as a member of the provincial legislature of Córdoba, first as deputy (1999–2001), and then as legislator (2001–2007) following the 2001 reform of the Constitution of Córdoba. Vigo was also a member of the province's constitutional convention in 2001. She is married to Córdoba governor Juan Schiaretti.

Legislature of Córdoba
The Legislature of Córdoba (Spanish: Legislatura de la provincia de Córdoba) is the unicameral legislative body of Córdoba Province, in Argentina. It comprises 70 legislators, of which 23 are elected directly in each of the 23 departments of Córdoba, while the remaining 44 are elected in a single province-wide district. All legislators serve four-year terms and are elected concurrently.

The unicameral Legislature was created in 2001 following a reform to the provincial constitution; before that, Córdoba was one of nine (now eight) provinces counting with a bicameral legislature, split between a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies.

Since 2019 the Legislature has had its seat in a new building in the City of Córdoba, the provincial capital. The building was designed by Morini Arquitectos.
British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
This article lists British armoured fighting vehicle production during the Second World War. The United Kingdom produced 27,528 tanks and self-propelled guns from July 1939 to May 1945, as well as 26,191 armoured cars and 69,071 armoured personnel carriers (mostly the Universal Carrier).

Universal Carrier
The Universal Carrier, a development of the earlier Bren Gun Carrier from its light machine gun armament, was one of a family of light armoured tracked vehicles built by Vickers-Armstrongs and other companies.

The first carriers – the Bren Gun Carrier and the Scout Carrier which had specific roles – entered service before the war, but a single improved design that could replace these, the Universal, was introduced in 1940.

The vehicle was used widely by British Commonwealth forces during the Second World War. Universal Carriers were usually used for transporting personnel and equipment, mostly support weapons, or as machine gun platforms.
Barbara Vernon (writer)
Barbara Mary Vernon (25 July 1916 – 16 April 1978) was an Australian playwright, screenwriter, editor and radio announcer.

Her plays included The Passionate Pianist and The Multi-Coloured Umbrella.

She was the head writer and script editor of the ABC TV drama series Bellbird, the longest such series produced by the ABC, she also wrote the film adaptation of that series entitled Country Town.

The Passionate Pianist
The Passionate Pianist is an Australian television film, or rather a live one-off television play, which aired in 1957 on ABC. This was part of ABC's twice monthly presentations of live plays during the late-1950s (one live play each month in Sydney and Melbourne, respectively, with most kinescoped for showing in the other city).

At the time, most one-off drama and comedy plays produced for Australian television were adaptations of overseas works, and The Passionate Pianist is notable as it represents an early example of a locally-written comedy for the medium. The Passionate Pianist aired on 2 October 1957, in Sydney, and on 1 November 1957, in Melbourne.
Manpreet Singh (soldier)
Colonel Manpreet Singh KC, SM (born, 1982) was a decorated officer of the Indian Army who was killed in action during an operation in Anantnag with three other security personnel. For his bravery in the action, he was conferred India's second highest peacetime gallantry award the Kirti Chakra posthumously. He had also been awarded the Sena Medal for gallantry previously.

Sena Medal
The Sena Medal (lit. 'Army Medal') is awarded to members of the Indian army, of all ranks, "for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Army." Awards may be made posthumously and a bar is authorized for subsequent awards of the Sena Medal.

It can be awarded for gallantry or it can also be for distinguished service carried out by any soldier, not in the face of the enemy. Therefore, the Sena Medal also serves as a sort of general commendation medal for the Indian Army. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 250 for recipients of the award when it is awarded for bravery. It has since been revised to Rs. 2000. It is preceded by the Vir Chakra, Shaurya Chakra & Yudh Seva Medal.
Matthew Macaulay
Matthew Macaulay (born 29 February 1984) is a British Christian musician and worship leader, who primarily plays a contemporary Christian style of worship music. He has released two studio albums, As for Me in 2008 and Life Light in 2012.

Contemporary worship
Contemporary worship is a form of Christian worship that emerged within Western evangelical Protestantism in the 20th century. It was originally confined to the charismatic movement, but is now found in a wide range of churches, including many which do not subscribe to a charismatic theology. Contemporary worship uses contemporary worship music in an informal setting. Congregational singing typically comprises a greater proportion of the service than in conventional forms of worship. Where contemporary worship is practiced in churches with a liturgical tradition, elements of the liturgy are frequently kept to a minimum. The terms historic worship, traditional worship or liturgical worship are sometimes used to describe conventional worship forms and distinguish them from contemporary worship.
Proteus penneri
Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is an invasive pathogen and a cause of nosocomial infections of the urinary tract or open wounds. Pathogens have been isolated mainly from the urine of patients with abnormalities in the urinary tract, and from stool.
P. penneri strains are naturally resistant to numerous antibiotics, including penicillin G, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, oxacillin, and most macrolides, but are naturally sensitive to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, sulphamethoxazole, and co-trimoxazole. Isolates of P. penneri have been found to be multiple drug-resistant (MDR) with resistance to six to eight drugs. β-lactamase production has also been identified in some isolates.

Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases)  are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. Through hydrolysis, the enzyme lactamase breaks the β-lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.

Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment.
Breaston Cricket Club
Breaston Cricket Club is an amateur cricket club based in Breaston, Derbyshire, England. The club has a history dating back to the early 19th century and has played in the South Nottinghamshire Cricket League.

Club cricket
Club cricket is a mainly amateur, but still formal form of the sport of cricket, usually involving teams playing in competitions at weekends or in the evening. There is a great deal of variation in game format although the Laws of Cricket are observed. The main nations that club cricket is played in include Pakistan, England, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Bangladesh, Nepal, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Netherlands, Hong Kong and in some of the major cities in India. Club cricket is also now played in the United States and Canada, as both countries have large communities of immigrants from mainstream cricket-playing regions such as the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia.
Stefan Petrucha
Stefan Petrucha (born January 27, 1959) is an American writer of comics and young adult fiction. He has written graphic novels in the X-Files and Nancy Drew series, as well as science fiction and horror. For 13 years, from 1994 to 2007, Petrucha wrote stories for Disney comic books published by Egmont.

Egmont Group
The Egmont Group (officially Egmont International Holding A/S; known as Gutenberghus Group until 1992) is a Danish media corporation founded and rooted in Copenhagen, Denmark. The business area of Egmont has traditionally been magazine publishing, but has over the years evolved to comprise mass media generally.
Media Wales
Media Wales Ltd. is a publishing company based in Cardiff, Wales. As of 2009 it was owned by Reach plc (formerly known as the Trinity Mirror Group). It was previously known as the Western Mail & Echo Ltd.

Reach plc
Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newsbrand, magazine and digital publisher. It is one of the UK and Ireland's largest commercial news groups, both in online audience and titles, with over 120 print and online brands, including nationals Daily Mirror, Daily Express, Sunday Express, Daily Star, local titles including the Manchester Evening News, Liverpool Echo, BirminghamLive, Nottingham Post and BelfastLive, as well as WalesOnline, OK!  magazine, and the Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail. Reach plc's headquarters are at One Canada Square in London. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Robert Amadas
Robert Amadas (before 1490 – 7 April 1532) was a London Goldsmith whose clients included King Henry VIII and his courtiers. He was Master of the King's Jewel House, and one of the Deputy Masters of the Mint.

Master of the Mint
Master of the Mint is a title within the Royal Mint given to the most senior person responsible for its operation. It was an office in the governments of Scotland and England, and later Great Britain and then the United Kingdom, between the 16th and 19th centuries. Until 1699, the appointment was usually for life. Its holder occasionally sat in the cabinet.

During the interregnum (1643–1660), the last Master of the Mint to Charles I, Sir Robert Harley, transferred his allegiance to Parliament and remained in office. After his death in 1656, Aaron Guerdon was appointed.

In 1870 the role was amalgamated into the office of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, making the Chancellor, by virtue of her position, the Master of the Mint. The duty of running the mint was given to the Deputy Master of the Mint; who is now the mint's Chief Executive.
Sinister Peak
Sinister Peak (8,440+ ft (2,570+ m)) is in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie and Wenatchee National Forests in the U.S. state of Washington. It is situated in Glacier Peak Wilderness and the North Cascades. Not quite 1 mi (1.6 km) east of Dome Peak, Sinister Peak is along a high ridge connecting the two peaks. The Chickamin Glacier is on the north slopes of Sinister Peak while the Garden Glacier is just southeast. Though some of the routes to the summit are technical, it can be reached by a moderate scramble.

North Cascades
The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.
2010 Women's British Open
The 2010 Women's British Open was held 29 July to 1 August at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England.  It was the 34th edition of the Women's British Open, and the tenth as a major championship on the LPGA Tour.

This was the fifth time the Women's British Open had been held at Royal Birkdale and the second as an LPGA major, previously in 2005. The course had also hosted nine Open Championships, most recently in 2008.  The par-72 course was set by the Ladies Golf Union at 6,458 yards (5,905 m), 715 yards (654 m) shorter than the par-70 set-up for The Open Championship in 2008.

The champion was Yani Tseng of Taiwan at 277 (−11), one stroke ahead of runner-up Katherine Hull of Australia. With the victory, the 21-year-old Tseng became the youngest-ever winner of three major championships.

2008 Open Championship
The 2008 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 137th Open Championship, played from 17 to 20 July at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England. Pádraig Harrington successfully defended his Open Championship title, his second; he shot four under par over the final nine holes and was four strokes ahead of runner-up Ian Poulter. Harrington was the last golfer to win the same major back-to-back for a decade until Brooks Koepka won consecutive U.S. Opens in 2017 and 2018.

Television coverage was provided as usual by the BBC in the UK, and by ABC and TNT in the United States.