hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quarndon
Quarndon /ˈkwɔːrn.dən/ ⓘ is a linear village in the south of the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England. It is spread along four minor upland roads, approximately 1 mile north of the Derby suburb of Allestree, two of which lead towards the city.

Many tourists throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries visited Quarndon's chalybeate springs within and next to its wellhouse. Many of these also sampled the waters of a geologically related spring in the grounds of its western neighbour, Kedleston Park and Hall, Kedleston – a village with a smaller population due to its few roads and single land-dominating estate which was once its manor. The lords of that manor equally held lands here and were significant patrons of the church, the early 19th century free school founded here and funded the construction of the village hall.

Kedleston Hall
Kedleston Hall is a large English country house with a Palladian exterior and Neo-classical interiors, now owned by the National Trust, built in the 1760s as the seat of the Curzon family, near Kedleston in Derbyshire, England, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Derby. The medieval village of Kedleston was moved in 1759 by Nathaniel Curzon to make way for the manor. All that remains of the original village is the 12th-century All Saints Church.
The Notion Club Papers
The Notion Club Papers is an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien, written in 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated, the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth. It is a time travel story, written while The Lord of the Rings was being developed. The Notion Club is a fictionalization of Tolkien's own such club, the Inklings. Tolkien's mechanism for the exploration of time is through lucid dreams. These allow club members to experience events as far back as the destruction of the Atlantis-like island of Númenor, as narrated in The Silmarillion.

The unfinished text of The Notion Club Papers runs for some 120 pages in Sauron Defeated, accompanied by 40 pages of Christopher Tolkien's commentary and notes, with examples of the pages hand-written by his father.

The History of The Lord of the Rings
The History of The Lord of the Rings is a four-volume work by Christopher Tolkien published between 1988 and 1992 that documents his father's process of constructing The Lord of the Rings. The History is also numbered as volumes six to nine of The History of Middle-earth ("HoME").
Kaiserjäger
The Kaiserjäger, officially designated by the Imperial and Royal (k.u.k.) military administration as the Tiroler Jäger-Regimenter or "Tyrolean Rifle Regiments", were formed in 1895 as four normal infantry regiments within the Common Army of Austria-Hungary. Despite the name "Tirol" in its title its members were not just recruited from the crown land of Tyrol (including Vorarlberg) but also from other parts of the monarchy. The regiments were disbanded in 1918 with the end of the k.u.k. monarchy. The word Jäger (meaning "hunter" or "huntsman") is a characteristic term used for light infantry or light infantrymen in a German-speaking context.

County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen, became a crown land of the Austrian Empire, then was part of Bavaria from 1805 to 1814 when it returned to Austrian rule. From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

Today the territory of the historic crown land is divided between the Italian autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The two parts are today associated again in the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion.
Gavin Long
Gavin Merrick Long OBE (31 May 1901 – 10 October 1968) was an Australian journalist and military historian. He was the general editor of the official history series Australia in the War of 1939–1945 and the author of three of its twenty-two volumes.

Jeffrey Grey
Jeffrey Guy Grey (19 March 1959 – 26 July 2016) was an Australian military historian. He wrote two volumes of The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975, and several other high-profile works on Australia's military history. He was the first non-American to become the president of the Society for Military History, but is perhaps best known as the author of A Military History of Australia (first edition 1990).
Qooder
Qooder SA (formerly Quadro Vehicles) is a Swiss manufacturer of street-legal vehicles. Its flagship product is the Qooder, a four-wheeled tilting street vehicle. Its other products include a three-wheeled tilting vehicle similar to the Qooder, as well as electric scooters. It operates in the United States under the subsidiary name Qooder USA.

Street-legal vehicle
Street-legal, road-legal, or road-going, refers to a vehicle such as a car, motorcycle, or light truck that is equipped and licensed for use on public roads, being therefore roadworthy. This will require specific configurations of lighting, signal lights, and safety equipment. Some specialty vehicles that will not be operated on roads, therefore, do not need all the features of a street-legal vehicle; examples are a vehicle used only off-road (such as a sandrail) that is trailered to its off-road operating area, and a racing car that is used only on closed race tracks and therefore does not need all the features of a street-legal vehicle. As well as motor vehicles, the street-legal distinction applies in some jurisdictions to track bicycles that lack street-legal brakes and lights. Street-legality rules can even affect racing helmets, which possess visual fields too narrow for use on an open road without the risk of missing a fast-moving vehicle.
Charm City FC
Charm City FC was an American soccer team based in Gambrills, Maryland, United States, and was founded in 2007.

The team plays its home games in the athletic stadium on the campus of Arundel High School, where they have played since 2009. The team's colors are orange, silver and white.

The team formerly played at the Harford Community College's venue in Bel Air, when they were known as Maryland United FC.

Bel Air, Maryland
Bel Air is a town and the county seat of Harford County, Maryland, United States. According to the 2020 United States census, the population of the town was 10,661.

The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area in northeast Maryland in which Bel Air is the principal settlement: the Bel Air–Aberdeen urban area had a population of 214,647 as of the 2020 census, making it the 180th most populous in the United States.
Chen Yile
Chen Yile (simplified Chinese: 陈一乐; traditional Chinese: 陳一樂, born 5 January 2002) is an elite Chinese female artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 Asian all-around and balance beam champion, and the 2017 Asian junior all-around and uneven bars champion. She was a member of the team that won the bronze medal at the 2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Chen stars in the Olympic Channel documentary series "All Around", along with American gymnast Morgan Hurd and Russian gymnast Angelina Melnikova. The series shows her training and daily life as a 2020 Olympic hopeful.

2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships was the 48th edition of the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. The competition was held from October 25 – November 3, 2018, at the Aspire Academy Dome in Doha, Qatar.

It was the first time that the competition was held in the Middle East.

Simone Biles became the first American to medal on every event at a single World Championships and the first woman to do so in 31 years. The last person to complete this feat was Russian Yelena Shushunova in 1987.
United Air Lines Flight 859
United Airlines Flight 859 was a Douglas DC-8, registration N8040U, on a scheduled passenger flight that crashed on landing at Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado after departing from Omaha, Nebraska's Eppley Airfield on July 11, 1961. Eighteen people were killed, and 84 were injured.

The crash was caused by the failure of the two port engines to generate reverse thrust, which sent the aircraft off the runway. One of the plane's fuel tanks subsequently ruptured and ignited.

Aviation accidents and incidents
An aviation accident is an event during aircraft operation that results in serious injury, death, or significant destruction. An aviation incident is any operating event that compromises safety but does not escalate into an aviation accident. Preventing both accidents and incidents is the primary goal of aviation safety. Adverse weather conditions, including turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, and low visibility, have historically been major contributing factors in aviation accidents and incidents worldwide.
Dengue vaccine
Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes. As of 2023, there are two commercially available vaccines, sold under the brand names Dengvaxia and Qdenga.

Dengvaxia is only recommended in those who have previously had dengue fever or populations in which most people have been previously infected due to a phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement. The value of Dengvaxia is limited by the fact that it may increase the risk of severe dengue in those who have not previously been infected. In 2017, more than 733,000 children and more than 50,000 adult volunteers were vaccinated with Dengvaxia regardless of serostatus, which led to a controversy. Qdenga is designated for people not previously infected.

There are other vaccine candidates in development including live attenuated, inactivated, DNA and subunit vaccines.

Attenuated vaccine
An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing" the pathogen (inactivated vaccine).

Attenuated vaccines stimulate a strong and effective immune response that is long-lasting. In comparison to inactivated vaccines, attenuated vaccines produce a stronger and more durable immune response with a quick immunity onset. They are generally avoided in pregnancy and in patients with severe immunodeficiencies. Attenuated vaccines function by encouraging the body to create antibodies and memory immune cells in response to the specific pathogen which the vaccine protects against. Common examples of live attenuated vaccines are measles, mumps, rubella, yellow fever, varicella, and some influenza vaccines.
Himeji Station
Himeji Station (姫路駅, Himeji-eki) is a major interchange railway station located in the city of Himeji, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). Himeji is a major stop on the San'yō Main Line and the Sanyō Shinkansen, and the western end of the JR Kobe Line. The station building is located close to the Sanyo Electric Railway Himeji Station and Himeji Castle.

San'yō Main Line
The San'yō Main Line (山陽本線, San'yō-honsen) is a major railway line owned by JR Group companies in western Japan, connecting Kōbe Station and Moji Station, largely paralleling the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, in other words, the southern coast of western Honshu. The San'yō Shinkansen line largely parallels its route. The name Sanyō derived from the ancient region and highway San'yōdō, the road on the sunny (south) side of the mountains.

The Sanyō Main Line is operated by two JR companies:

West Japan Railway Company (JR West)  JR Kobe Line, San'yō Line

Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) San'yō Line

The Wadamisaki Line, a short section of line in the length of 2.7 km (1.7 mi) between Hyōgo and Wadamisaki stations in Kobe is a branch of the Sanyō Main Line. A short section connecting Kitakyushu Freight Terminal also forms part of the Sanyō Main Line.
Alfred Wahlforss
Henrik Alfred Wahlforss (1839 – 28 March 1899) was a Finnish chemist and professor.

Wahlforss lectured in Polytechnical institute in Helsinki. His scientific achievements were related to his publishing about retene, para-bromobenzyl chloride and the oxidation of castor oil. As Wahlforss's publications were written in Swedish, they remained internationally without attention.

Wahlforss's research career was influenced by his alcoholism. A heart attack ended his career, after which he spent his last years paralysed.

Alfred Wahlforss was married twice. The first spouse remains unknown. The second wife was Emilia Elisabeth Långhjelm, with whom he had two daughters and two sons. The older son Wilhelm became later a corporate director and Eric became a paper mill manager.

Helsinki University of Technology
Helsinki University of Technology (Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu, TKK; Swedish: Tekniska högskolan, HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern day Aalto University was founded. The university was founded in 1849 by Grand Duke of Finland, Emperor Nicholas I and received university status in 1908. It moved from Helsinki to Otaniemi campus area in 1966. The merger of HUT with two other schools created the Aalto University in 2010, and HUT briefly held the name Aalto University School of Science and Technology before being split into four schools in 2011.

Much of the university's Otaniemi campus was designed by Alvar Aalto.
Tilahun Gessesse
Tilahun Gessesse (Amharic: ጥላሁን ገሠሠ; 27 September 1940 – 19 April 2009) was an Ethiopian singer regarded as one of the most popular Ethiopian artists of the 20th century. Noted by his tenor voice, he was nicknamed "The Voice" during his country's "Golden Age" in the 1960s. Tilahun was an eminent singer whose works are attributed legacy to Ethiopian music. Besides his popularity, he raised money for aid during the famines of the 1970s and 1980s and earned the affection of the nation, being awarded a doctorate degree by the Addis Ababa University and also winning a lifetime achievement award from the Ethiopian Fine Art and Mass Media Prize Trust.

Tilahun died from diabetes on 19 April 2009 shortly after returning from the United States. His funeral took place in Addis Ababa at Holy Trinity Cathedral on 23 April with mass public figures and mourners gathered.

Famines in Ethiopia
Famines in Ethiopia have occurred periodically throughout the history of the country.

The economy was based on subsistence agriculture, with an aristocracy that consumed the surplus. Due to a number of causes, the peasants have lacked incentives to either improve production or to store their excess crops; as a result, they lived from harvest to harvest. Despite the extensive modernization and land reform in the country during the last 120 years, especially under Emperor Haile Selassie, as of 2016, about 80% of the population are poor farmers who still live from harvest to harvest and are vulnerable to crop failures.
2012 Puerto Rico Republican presidential primary
The 2012 Puerto Rico Republican presidential primary took place on March 18, 2012.

On January 18, 2012, Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock announced that seven candidates, including Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, Ron Paul and Rick Perry (who has since withdrawn and endorsed Gingrich) would be eligible to appear on the March 18 ballot unless they notified McClintock by February 17 of their desire not to compete in Puerto Rico.  If a candidate received a majority of the votes, then the primary was to be winner-take-all, but if no candidate met the 50% threshold, its 20 delegates were to be divided proportionally.

On February 20, 2012, the Republican Party of Puerto Rico announced the six candidate names and their order on the ballot for the island's March 18 presidential primary.

Republican Party of Puerto Rico
The Republican Party of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico) is the local affiliate of the national United States Republican Party in Puerto Rico. The affiliation started in 1903. The party does not participate in the November elections mandated by the Constitution of Puerto Rico for local registered political parties because it is not a registered party in Puerto Rico for local electoral purposes. Instead, the party holds its own elections to select the Puerto Rico delegates to the Republican National Convention and holds presidential primaries on the last Sunday of February.

The Republican Party of Puerto Rico's ideology supports statehood for Puerto Rico.  The local affiliate is based in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
God's Top Ten
"God's Top Ten" is a song by Australian band INXS released as the fifth single from their eleventh studio album, Switch (2005), the first with new lead singer, J.D. Fortune, winner of the Rock Star: INXS competition. The song was written by keyboardist Andrew Farriss as a gift for INXS's late vocalist Michael Hutchence's daughter, Tiger Hutchence-Geldof. The song also features vocals by Suzie McNeil and was released as a single in 2006, but only in Poland and Canada as an airplay single, where it peaked at No. 18 and No. 88 respectively.

J.D. Fortune
Jason Dean Bennison (born 1 September 1973), better known by his stage name J.D. Fortune, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. He was the frontman of the Australian rock band INXS for six years after winning the first season of the CBS reality television series Rock Star: INXS; in 2005, replacing its late lead singer Michael Hutchence. After the show, Fortune fronted INXS through an extended 2+1⁄2-year world tour supporting the release of the album Switch, INXS's first studio album with Fortune, and the only album with new INXS material after Hutchence's death.

Switch also marked Fortune's only album with the band before parting ways in August 2011 due to creative differences and to work on his solo projects.
Yi Yong (politician)
Yi Yong (Korean: 이용; April 7, 1888 – August 18, 1954) was a Korean Independence activist and politician. He was the son of Yi Tjoune. He used the pseudonym Yi Chongsong. Following the official proclamation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, he was appointed to the first Minister of Urban Management in the North Korean Cabinet led by Premier of North Korea, Kim Il Sung.

Premier of North Korea
The premier of North Korea, officially the premier of the Cabinet of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is the head of government of North Korea and leader of the North Korean Cabinet.

The office was established in 1948, with Kim Il Sung serving as the inaugural premier. During this period, the premiership was the highest state post. In 1972, with the creation of the state of the state president, many of the office's powers were transferred to the presidency and the Central People's Committee. The premier is officially appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly (SPA), which also appoints other members of the Cabinet on the nomination of the premier. The premier organizes and leads the Cabinet, and constitutionally represents the government of North Korea. The premier also attends the plenary meetings and the permanent committee meetings of the Cabinet. The incumbent premier is Pak Thae-song, since 29 December 2024.
Kasongo Munganga
Constantin Kasongo Munganga is a politician and monetarist from the Democratic Republic of Congo. He holds a Ph.D. in economics. In 2011, he was elected MP for the constituency of Katanda Territory, in the Kasai-Oriental province. He is the former Chief Executive Officer of the Center for Expertise, Evaluation, and Certification of Precious and Semi-Precious Mineral Substances, CEEC  in short. Television audiences nicknamed him "The Man With The Red Knot" because of his appearance on media. Since 1975, he has taught at the Institut Supérieur de Commerce of Kinshasa.

Kasaï-Oriental
Kasaï-Oriental (French for "East Kasai") is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Kasaï-Oriental, Lomami, and Sankuru provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Oriental province.  Kasaï-Oriental was formed from the Tshilenge district and the independently administered city of Mbuji-Mayi which retained its status as a provincial capital.

The new province's territory corresponds to most of the historic Sud-Kasaï province which existed in the early period after independence between 1963 and 1966.
Manavendra Singh
Air Marshal Manavendra Singh, PVSM, AVSM,  VrC, VSM, ADC is a retired officer of the Indian Air Force. He served as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), Training Command. He assumed the office on 25 September 2021 succeeding Air Marshal Rajiv Dayal Mathur. Previously, he served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Air Command.

Air marshal (India)
Air marshal is a three-star air officer rank in the Indian Air Force. It is the second-highest active rank in the Indian Air Force. Air marshal ranks above the two-star rank of air vice marshal and below the four-star rank of air chief marshal, which is held by the Chief of the Air Staff.

The equivalent rank in the Indian Army is lieutenant general and in the Indian Navy is vice admiral. Officers in the rank of air marshal hold important appointments at the air commands and at the air headquarters.
Ramoji Rao
Cherukuri Ramoji Rao (16 November 1936 – 8 June 2024) was an Indian businessman, media proprietor and film producer. He was head of the Ramoji Group which owns the world's largest film production facility Ramoji Film City, Eenadu newspaper, ETV Network of TV channels, film production company Usha Kiran Movies.

His other business ventures included Margadarsi Chit Fund, Dolphin Group of Hotels, Kalanjali Shopping Mall, Priya Pickles, ETV Win OTT platform and Mayuri Film Distributors.

Rao garnered four Filmfare Awards South, five Nandi Awards and the National Film Award for his works in Telugu cinema. In 2016, he was honoured with the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honour, for his contributions in journalism, literature and education.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Amber Hughes
Amber Hughes (born 23 September 1994), is an American triple jumper and hurdler. She is a two-time national championship third-place finisher indoors in the hurdles, at the 2019 and 2023 championships.

2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
The 2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were held at the Ocean Breeze Athletic Complex in Staten Island, New York. Organized by USA Track and Field (USATF), the three-day competition took place from February 22 to February 24 and serves as the national championships in track and field for the United States.