hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pfeiffer effect
The Pfeiffer effect is an optical phenomenon whereby the presence of an optically active compound influences the optical rotation of a racemic mixture of a second compound.

Racemic mixtures do not rotate plane polarized light, but the equilibrium concentration of the two enantiomers can shift from unity in the presence of a strongly interacting chiral species. Paul Pfeiffer, a student of Alfred Werner and inventor of the salen ligand, reported this phenomenon.  The first example of the effect is credited to Eligio Perucca, who observed optical rotations in the visible part of the spectrum when crystals of sodium chlorate, which are chiral and colourless, were stained with a racemic dye.  The effect is attributed to the interaction of the optically pure substance with the second coordination sphere of the racemate.

Optical rotatory dispersion
In optics, optical rotatory dispersion is the variation of the specific rotation of a medium with respect to the wavelength of light. Usually described by German physicist Paul Drude's empirical relation:

where  is the specific rotation at temperature  and wavelength , and  and  are constants that depend on the properties of the medium.

Optical rotatory dispersion has applications in organic chemistry regarding determining the structure of organic compounds.
Proconnesus (city)
Proconnesus or Prokonnesos (Ancient Greek: Προκόννησος), also spelt Proeconesus or Proikonnesos (Προικόνησος), was a Greek town on the southwestern shore of Proconnesus island. Aristeas, the poet of the Arimaspeia, was a native. This town, which was a colony of the Milesians, was burnt by a Phoenician fleet, acting under the orders of Persian king Darius I. Strabo distinguishes between old and new Proconnesus. The inhabitants of Cyzicus, at a time which we cannot ascertain, forced the Proconnesians to dwell together with them, and transferred the statue of the goddess Dindymene to their own city.

Under Diocletian's edict against Manichaeism, De Maleficiis et Manichaeis, offenders were sent to labor in the mines at Proconnesus.

Its site is located near the town of Marmara on Marmara Island, Balıkesir Province, Turkey.

Cyzicus
Cyzicus (/ˈsɪzɪkəs/ SIZ-ik-əs; Ancient Greek: Κύζικος, romanized: Kúzikos; was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have originally been an island in the Sea of Marmara only to be connected to the mainland in historic times either by artificial means or an earthquake.

The site of Cyzicus, located on the Erdek and Bandırma roads, is protected by Turkey's Ministry of Culture.
Hijacking of the Galaxy Leader
The hijacking of the Galaxy Leader occurred on November 19, 2023, when Yemen's Houthi rebels seized the Bahamian-flagged, Japanese-operated and British-owned cargo ship Galaxy Leader in the Red Sea near the Yemeni port of Hodeidah. The ship, en route from Turkey to India, was boarded by 10 armed militants who were dropped off by a helicopter and detained its 25 crew members, including nationals from the Philippines, Ukraine, Mexico, and Romania.

Hodeidah
Hodeidah (Arabic: الْحُدَيْدَة, romanized: al-ḥudayda), also transliterated as Hodeda, Hodeida, Hudaida or al-Hudaydah, is the fourth-largest city in Yemen and its principal port on the Red Sea and it is the centre of Al Hudaydah Governorate. As of 2023, it had an estimated population of 735,000.
Sis Hopkins (1919 film)
Sis Hopkins is a 1919 comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Mabel Normand.  The supporting cast features John Bowers and Sam De Grasse. The plot involves an unsophisticated and eccentric country girl who comes to the city to stay with wealthy relatives.  Initially they underestimate her because she behaves so differently.

Based on a play made famous by Rose Melville, the film was released by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation on March 2, 1919 with a running time of 50 minutes. It is not known whether the film currently survives, and it may be a lost film. It was subsequently remade in 1941 under the same title with hillbilly comedian Judy Canova playing Normand's role.

John Bowers (actor)
John Bowers (born John E. Bowersox; December 25, 1885 – November 17, 1936) was an American stage and silent film actor who starred in 94 films including several short subjects. He has been identified as being an inspiration for the character Norman Maine in A Star Is Born (1937).
Jean-Robert Ango
Jean-Robert Ango (around 1710 – after August 16, 1773) was a French draughtsman and painter, noted for his numerous drawings rich in Italian and French ornament. He was born in France, and probably died in Rome. He lived and worked in Rome from 1759 to 1772. Nothing is known about his origins, his early life, his master, or how  he got from France to Rome. Interest for Argo was renewed in the late 20th century and early 21st century, when four albums by Ango were acquired and exhibited by the Copper Hewitt National Design Museum, Smithsonian Institution. Julien's last mention of him was on January 16, 1773. According to French historian Pierre Rosenberg, Ango died in 1773.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum is a design museum at the Andrew Carnegie Mansion in Manhattan, New York City, along the Upper East Side's Museum Mile. It is one of 19 Smithsonian Institution museums and one of three Smithsonian facilities located in New York City, along with the National Museum of the American Indian's George Gustav Heye Center in Bowling Green and the Archives of American Art New York Research Center in the Flatiron District. Unlike other Smithsonian museums, Cooper Hewitt charges an admissions fee. It is the only museum in the United States devoted to historical and contemporary design. Its collections and exhibitions explore design aesthetic and creativity from throughout the United States' history.
The Master Valet
The Master Valet (French: Le valet maître) is a 1941 French comedy film directed by Paul Mesnier and starring Elvire Popesco, Henri Garat and Marguerite Deval. It was based on the 1938 play of the same title by Paul Armont and Léopold Marchand. The film's sets were designed by the art director Roland Quignon.

Elvira Popescu
Elvira Popescu (Romanian pronunciation: [elˈvira poˈpesku]; in French, Elvire Popesco; 10 May 1894 – 11 December 1993) was a Romanian-French stage and film actress and theatre director. During the 1930s and 1940s, she starred in a number of French comedy films.
Pastifício Selmi
Pastifício Selmi is a multinational company from Campinas. They produce several kinds of food products, including pasta, flour, shredded cheese, cake mix, biscuits, coffee olive oil, flour and wafers, sold for retail companies such as  Unilever, Carrefour, Atacadão, Assaí Atacadista, Grupo Pereira and Cristal Alimentos. The company is one of the first pasta factories from São Paulo.

Campinas
Campinas (/kæmˈpiːnəs/ kam-PEE-nəs, Brazilian Portuguese: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs]; lit. 'Plains, Meadows') is a city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, located 84 kilometers northwest of the city of São Paulo. As of 2024, the city's population is estimated at 1,185,977, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third most populous in São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area encompasses twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,491,150 people.
Ghazale Muhamad
Ghazale bin Muhamad (born 29 August 1956) is a Malaysian politician who served as Deputy Speaker of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly from May 2020 to October 2021, Deputy Member and Member of the Malacca State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Chief Minister and former Member Idris Haron from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN state administration in May 2018 and under former Chief Minister Mohd Ali Rustam from April 2011 to May 2013. He also served as Member of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Rim from May 2013 to November 2021 and for Serkam from March 2008 to May 2013. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Mohd Ali Rustam
Mohd. Ali bin Mohd. Rustam (Jawi: محمد علي بن محمد رستم; born 24 August 1949) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 7th Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca since June 2020. He served as the 9th Chief Minister of Malacca from December 1999 to May 2013, Deputy Minister of Health from November 1996 to December 1999, Deputy Minister of Transport from May 1995 to November 1996, Member of Parliament (MP) for Batu Berendam from April 1995 to November 1999, Member of the Malacca State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bukit Batu from March 2004 to May 2013, for Paya Rumput from November 1999 to March 2004, for Sungai Udang from October 1990 to April 1995 and for Ayer Molek from August 1986 to October 1990. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
Muscatine, Iowa
Muscatine (/ˌmʌskəˈtin/ MUSS-kə-TEEN) is a city in and the county seat of Muscatine County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,797 at the time of the 2020 census, an increase from 22,697 in 2000. It is located along the Mississippi River. The local business association states that the name Muscatine is not used by any other community.

Muscatine is the principal city of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area (2010 census population 54,132) as of 2011 the estimate was 54,184, which includes all of Muscatine and Louisa counties, making it the 283rd-largest micropolitan statistical area.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, and the county seat. The population was 137,710 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 137,904 in 2024. making it the second-most populous city in Iowa. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River, 20 miles (32 km) north of Iowa City and 128 miles (206 km) northeast of Des Moines, the state's capital.

Cedar Rapids is the economic hub of Eastern Iowa, located at the core of the Interstate 380 corridor. The population of the three-county Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, which includes the nearby cities of Marion and Hiawatha, was 276,520 in 2020. The Cedar Rapids metropolitan area is also part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area.
Ilihue
Ilihue is a village located in the commune of Lago Ranco in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile. According to the 2013 census, it had a population of approximately 650 inhabitants.

It is an area known for being a highly touristic place because it is located in front of Lago Ranco, being a popular place to host hotels, cabins and restaurants. Currently, it is divided into two sectors, which are Ilihue Alto and Ilihue Bajo.

In this village is the Ilihue Private School, as well as green areas and the Ilihue Bajo Golf Course. In Ilihue, there is also the Salto Los Mañíos, a trail that stands out for its nature and for the waterfall that flows into the Iculpe River.

Lago Ranco, Chile
Lago Ranco is a town and commune in southern Chile that is administered by the  Municipality of Lago Ranco. It is located in the Ranco Province of the Los Ríos Region. Lago Ranco takes its name from Ranco Lake, which it shares with the commune of Futrono.
Ludwig De Winter
Ludwig De Winter (born 31 December 1992 in La Louvière) is a Belgian former cyclist, who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux. He turned professional in 2015, and achieved a ninth-place finish in Binche–Chimay–Binche that year. He was also part of the Wanty–Gobert team that helped Loïc Vliegen to victory in the 2019 Tour de Wallonie. An inhabitant of Binche, he retired at the age of 28 after the 2021 edition of Binche–Chimay–Binche.

Loïc Vliegen
Loïc Vliegen (born 20 December 1993 in Rocourt) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam Wagner Bazin WB. He was named in the startlist for the 2017 Vuelta a España. In May 2018, he was named in the startlist for the Giro d'Italia.
Nusplingen Limestone
The Nusplingen Limestone (German: Nusplingen Plattenkalk) is a geological formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It preserves fossils dating to the Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic. It mainly consists of lithographic limestones deposited in a marine basin, similar to the Solnhofen Limestone. Fossils of pterosaurs, thalattosuchians, and the oldest geophilomorph centipede Eogeophilus were found in the Nusplingen Limestone.

Lithographic limestone
Lithographic limestone is hard limestone that is sufficiently fine-grained, homogeneous and defect-free to be used for lithography.

Geologists use the term "lithographic texture" to refer to a grain size under 1/250 mm.

The term "sublithographic" is sometimes used for homogeneous fine-grained limestone with a somewhat coarser texture.
Eric Wilkerson
Eric LaShawn Wilkerson (born December 19, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for one season with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Kent State Golden Flashes. He was also a member of the Detroit Lions, the New York/New Jersey Knights and the Cleveland Thunderbolts.

Cleveland Thunderbolts
The Cleveland Thunderbolts were an arena football team based in Richfield, Ohio. The Thunderbolts were founded in 1991 and were a member of the Arena Football League (AFL). In 1994, the franchise relocated to Columbus  The team played for four seasons total, making the playoffs once. They played their home games in the Richfield Coliseum. The team was moved to Cleveland by John J. Kuczek.
Buphonia
In ancient Greece, the Buphonia (Ancient Greek: Βουφόνια "ox-slayings") denoted a sacrificial ceremony performed at Athens as part of the Dipolieia, a religious festival held on the 14th of the midsummer month Skirophorion—in June or July—at the Acropolis. In the Buphonia a working ox was sacrificed to Zeus Polieus (Zeus protector of the city), which shows parallels to traditional rituals customs from early antiquity. A group of oxen was driven forward to the altar at the highest point of the Acropolis. On the altar a sacrifice of grain had been spread by members of the family of the Kentriadae, on whom this duty devolved hereditarily. When one of the oxen began to eat, thus selecting itself for sacrifice, one of the family of the Thaulonidae advanced with an axe, slew the ox, then immediately threw aside the axe and fled the scene of his guilt-laden crime.

Attic calendar
The Attic calendar or Athenian calendar is the lunisolar calendar beginning in midsummer with the lunar month of Hekatombaion, in use in ancient Attica, the ancestral territory of the Athenian polis. It is sometimes called the Greek calendar because of Athens's cultural importance, but it is only one of many ancient Greek calendars.

Although relatively abundant, the evidence for the Attic calendar is still patchy and often contested. As it was well known in Athens and of little use outside Attica, no contemporary source set out to describe the system as a whole. Further, even during the well-sourced 5th and 4th centuries BC, the calendar underwent changes, not all perfectly understood. As such, any account given of it must be a tentative reconstruction.
Gandedhe
Gandedhe (Kannada: ಗಂಡೆದೆ) is a 2010 Indian Kannada language romantic action film written and directed by Akula Shiva and produced by Ramu of Ramu Enterprises. The film stars Chiranjeevi Sarja and Ragini Dwivedi in the lead roles with Devaraj and Rangayana Raghu in supporting roles. Noted composer Chakri scored the music.

Ragini Dwivedi
Ragini Dwivedi (born 24 May 1990) is an Indian actress and model who works primarily in Kannada films. She made her debut with Veera Madakari (2009). She is a recipient of a SIIMA Award and an Udaya Film Award.

Dwivedi rose to fame starring in successful films: Kempe Gowda (2011), Shiva (2012), Bangari (2013) and Ragini IPS (2014), thus establishing herself as one of the leading actresses in Kannada cinema. She received Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada nomination for Kempe Gowda and Ragini IPS and won the SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada for Shiva.
Burhaniye Atatürk Monument
The Burhaniye Atatürk Monument was a bronze Atatürk sculpture by Gürdal Duyar in Edremit, Burhaniye, Turkey. It represents the events around the struggles of the Kuva-yi Milliye during the Turkish War of Independence.

Edremit, Balıkesir
Edremit is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 682 km2, and its population is 167,901 (2022). It is situated a few kilometres inland from the Gulf of Edremit. The mayor of Edremit municipality is Selman Hasan Arslan.
James F. Allen (businessman)
James F. Allen (born 1960) is an American businessman who is the chairman of Hard Rock International and chief executive officer of Seminole Gaming. Previously, he was vice president of operations of The Trump Organization and senior vice president of Sol Kerzner's company, Sun International.

Sun International
Sun International is a South African gambling and hospitality company, founded by Sol Kerzner in 1967.

Sun International owns diverse assets, including the Sun City resort in Ledig, in the North West Province, and an online gambling platform.

Specializing in gambling and hospitality, the company has 42.5% of the South African casino market share, and owns or holds a significant interest in 11 out of the 38 operating casinos in South Africa.
South African type XP1 tender
The South African type XP1 tender was a steam locomotive tender.

The Type XP1 tender first entered service in 1913 as a Type MP1, as tender to a Class MC1 Mallet locomotive. One of the Type MP1 tenders was later modified to suit a Class 10 locomotive and reclassified to Type XP1. It was subsequently attached to a Class 4AR locomotive.

South African Class MC1 2-6-6-0
The South African Railways Class MC1 2-6-6-0 of 1914 was a steam locomotive.

In 1914 the South African Railways placed fifteen Class MC1 Mallet articulated compound steam locomotives with a 2-6-6-0 wheel arrangement in service.
Pips Pride
Pips Pride (9 April 1990 – 1996) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A specialist sprinter, he won six of his thirteen races in a track career which lasted from April 1992 until September 1993. As a two-year-old he won the Group 1 Phoenix Stakes and the valuable Racecall Gold Trophy as well as being placed in the Middle Park Stakes, Coventry Stakes and July Stakes. In the following year he won the Leisure Stakes and the Grosser Preis von Berlin before being retired from racing at the end of the year. He made a very promising to his start career as a breeding stallion but died at the age of six.

July Stakes
The July Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old colts and geldings. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
Yenghe hatam
The Yenghe hatam (Avestan: 𐬫𐬈𐬣𐬵𐬉⸱ 𐬵𐬁𐬙𐬅𐬨) is one of the four major manthras, and one of the most important prayers in Zoroastrianism. It is interpreted as a call to pray specifically to the Amesha Spentas, or generally to all Zoroastrian divinities.

Jointly with the Ahuna vairya, the Ashem vohu, and the Airyaman ishya; the Yenghe hatam forms the four manthras that enclose the Gathas in the Yasna and form the linguistically oldest part of the Avesta. It is furthermore found throughout many other parts of the Avesta, where it often marks the transition from one portion of the text to the next.

Amesha Spenta
In Zoroastrianism, the Amesha Spenta (Avestan: 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀⸱ 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀, romanized: Aməša Spəṇta—literally "Immortal (which is) holy/bounteous/furthering") are a class of seven divine entities emanating from Ahura Mazda, the highest divinity of the religion. Later Middle Persian variations of the term include the contraction 'Ameshaspand' as well as the specifically Zoroastrian 'Mahraspand' and 'Amahraspand'.
Speak Easily
Speak Easily is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film starring Buster Keaton, Jimmy Durante, and Thelma Todd, and directed by Edward Sedgwick. Keaton and Durante were again paired in The Passionate Plumber and What! No Beer? Keaton later used many of the physical gags he created for this film when he wrote (uncredited) gags for the Marx Brothers A Night At The Opera.

A Night at the Opera (film)
A Night at the Opera is a 1935 American comedy film starring the Marx Brothers (Groucho, Harpo and Chico), and featuring Kitty Carlisle, Allan Jones, Margaret Dumont, Sig Ruman, and Walter Woolf King. It was the first of five films the Marx Brothers made under contract for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after their departure from Paramount Pictures, and the first after Zeppo left the act. The film was written by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind from a story by James Kevin McGuinness, with additional uncredited dialogue by Al Boasberg. The film was directed by Sam Wood.

One of MGM's biggest hits at the 1935 box office, A Night at the Opera was selected in 1993 for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It is also included in the 2007 update of AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies, at number 85; and previously in AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs 2000 showing, at number 12.
Elexacaftor
Elexacaftor is a medication that acts as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector, which means that it helps the CFTR protein fold correctly, increasing the amount of CFTR protein sent to the cell surface. It also appears to work as a CFTR potentiator, which means that it helps open any CFTR channel that have made its way onto the cell surface.

It is available in a single pill with ivacaftor and tezacaftor; the fixed-dose combination, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (brand name Trikafta), is used to treat people with cystic fibrosis who are homozygous for the f508del mutation. This combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 2019.

The fixed-dose combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (Kaftrio) was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2020, for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Tezacaftor
Tezacaftor is a medication used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. It is available in fixed-dose combination medications.

The combination of tezacaftor with ivacaftor (brand name Symdeko) was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2018, and in Canada in June 2018. As brand name Symkevi it was approved for medical use in the European Union in October 2018.

The combination of tezacaftor with elexacaftor and ivacaftor (brand name Trikafta) was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2019, and in Canada in June 2021. As brand name Kaftrio it was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2020.

The combination of tezacaftor with vanzacaftor and deutivacaftor (brand name Alyftrek) was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2024.
Nikola Aćin
Nikola Aćin (born 19 December 1999) is a Serbian swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics together with Andrej Barna, Uroš Nikolić and Velimir Stjepanović. They finished 10th with time 3:13.71, setting the new Serbian national record.

Velimir Stjepanović
Velimir Stjepanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир Стјепановић; born 7 August 1993) is a Serbian professional swimmer currently representing DC Trident at the International Swimming League. He has won gold medals at the European Championships, European Short Course Championships and Mediterranean Games.