hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Empire Earth II: The Art of Supremacy
Empire Earth II: The Art of Supremacy is the expansion pack for Empire Earth II. Released on February 15, 2006, and developed by Mad Doc Software. Some of the new additions to Empire Earth II were four new civilizations and several other new features. Several more campaigns were also added, which focused on the Napoleonic Wars, Ancient Egypt and a third which was a futuristic campaign centered on the Maasai.

Art of Supremacy was developed by Mad Doc Software, the makers of the Empire Earth II, and was re-released with Empire Earth II in the Empire Earth II: Platinum Edition. Art of Supremacy was given mediocre reviews by critics, with an average of 61% according to GameRankings.

Maasai people
The Maasai (/ˈmɑːsaɪ, mɑːˈsaɪ/) are an Eastern Nilotic ethnic group native to northern, central and southern regions of Kenya including northern Tanzania, near the African Great Lakes region. Their native language is the Maasai language, a Nilotic language related to Dinka, Kalenjin and Nuer. A branch within the broader Nilo-Saharan language family. Except for some elders living in rural areas, most Maasai people speak the official languages of Kenya and Tanzania—Swahili and English.

The Maasai population has been reported as numbering 1,189,522 in Kenya in the 2019 census compared to 377,089 in the 1989 census.
Bamber Gascoyne (the elder)
Bamber Gascoyne of Childwall Hall, Lancashire (1725–1791), was an 18th-century English politician who sat in the House of Commons of Great Britain between 1761 and 1786.

Gascoyne was the son of Sir Crisp Gascoyne and Margaret Bamber. After his education at Felsted School, he matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, in 1743.

Gascoyne served as member of Parliament for several constituencies including Maldon (1761–1763), Midhurst (1765–1768), and Truro (1774–1784). From 1779 to 1782 he was a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty in the administration of Lord North.

He married Mary Green, daughter of Isaac Green, a Lancashire lawyer, and his wife Mary Aspinwall. He was the father of Bamber Gascoyne (junior) and Isaac Gascoyne, and an ancestor of TV quizmaster Bamber Gascoigne. He was a great-grandfather of Frederick Gascoyne.

Frederick North, Lord North
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (13 April 1732 – 5 August 1792), better known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, was Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782. He led the Kingdom of Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War. He also held a number of other cabinet posts, including Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer.

North's reputation among historians has varied wildly, reaching its lowest point in the late 19th century, when he was depicted as a creature of King George III and an incompetent who lost the American colonies. In the early 20th century a revised view emerged which emphasised his strengths in administering the Treasury, handling the House of Commons, and in defending the Church of England. The historian Herbert Butterfield, however, argued that his indolence was a barrier to efficient crisis management; he neglected his role in supervising the entire war effort.
Afraid to Fight
Afraid to Fight is a lost 1922 American silent drama film directed by William Worthington and written by Charles Sarver. The film stars Frank Mayo, Lillian Rich, Peggy Cartwright, Lydia Knott, W.S. McDunnough, and Tom McGuire. The film was released on July 24, 1922, by Universal Film Manufacturing Company.

Tom McGuire (actor)
Tom McGuire (1 September 1873 – 6 May 1954) was an English stage and film actor. He appeared in more than 170 films between 1919 and 1949. He was born in Lancashire, England and died in Hollywood, California.
The Twits (film)
The Twits is a 2025 animated musical fantasy comedy film loosely based on Roald Dahl's 1980 children's novel. The film was produced, directed, and co-written by Phil Johnston. The voice cast includes Margo Martindale and Johnny Vegas as the title characters, alongside Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, Ryan Lopez, Emilia Clarke, and Natalie Portman.

The Twits was released on October 17, 2025, by Netflix. The film received mixed reviews from critics and audiences.

Johnny Vegas
Michael Joseph Pennington (born 5 September 1970), known by the stage name Johnny Vegas, is an English actor, comedian, director, writer, and entrepreneur of ceramics and retro items. He is known for his thick Lancashire accent, husky voice, angry comedic rants and use of surreal humour.

Vegas' television roles have included Moz in the BBC Three dark comedy Ideal (2005–2011), Geoff Maltby ("The Oracle") in the ITV sitcom Benidorm (2007–2009, 2015–2017) and Eric Agnew in the BBC One sitcom Still Open All Hours (2013–2019). He has also been a regular guest panellist on the television comedy panel shows QI and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown.
Matthew Ahn
Matthew Ahn is a lawyer, law professor, and Democratic politician from Ohio. Ahn grew up in North Royalton, Ohio and received a master's degree from the University of Minnesota and a J.D. from New York University School of Law. Ahn taught at Cuyahoga Community College before law school and served as a law clerk after law school. He unsuccessfully campaigned to become the prosecutor of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 2024. Ahn has also twice held the Guinness World Record for fastest time to travel to all New York City Subway stations, a feat commonly known as the Subway Challenge.

New York University School of Law
40°43′49″N 73°59′58″W﻿ / ﻿40.73028°N 73.99944°W﻿ / 40.73028; -73.99944

The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City.

Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest extant law school in New York State and one of the oldest law schools in the United States. Located in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan, NYU Law grants J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees.

As of 2025, NYU Law's first-time bar passage rate is 96.6 percent, with an ultimate bar passage rate of 99.2 percent.
Medine Erkan
Medine Erkan (born 10 September 1995) is a Turkish women's football defender who plays in the Turkish Women's Super League for Ankara BB Fomget with jersey number 22. She plays for the Turkish women's national team.
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Fomget Gençlik ve Spor
Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Fomget Gençlik ve Spor Kulübü, formerly Fomget Gençlik ve Spor, is a Turkish women's football sports club, based in the Mamak district of Ankara and sponsored by the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. FOMGET is short for Folklor Müzik ve Gençlik Topluluğu (Folk Dance, Music and Youth Society), a youth and sports club best known for its folk dance group. Currently, they play in the Turkcell Women's Football Super League. Club president is Taner Bozkuş.
Aravani Art Project
Aravani Art Project is an Indian public art collective, run by trans and cis women. Initiated by Bangalore-based artist Poornima Sukumar, the project brings together people from the transgender community who paint murals inspired by their lives and experiences, in and around public spaces in the city. The project is named after the annual Aravani Festival that takes place in the Koothandavar Temple, Tamil Nadu, where thousands of members from the transgender community assemble to perform the rituals of being married to Lord Aravan. While it began locally in Bangalore in the year 2016, the members of the project have traveled to different parts of India and Sri Lanka in their mission to spread awareness and reclaim public spaces through the medium of art.

As of 2022, the Aravani Art Project has painted murals on the entrance and walkway of the India Art Fair.

Aravan Festival in Coimbatore
Aravan Festival also known as "Koothandavar Thiruvizha" is festival celebrated in seven places in Coimbatore city such as Vellalore, Thudiyalur, Kurichi, Singanallur, Annur, Vadavalli and Kattampatti since ancient times. It is celebrated for the Aravan, a major character in Hindu epic Mahabarata.
LLR Recordings
LLR Recordings (previously Little League Records 1998-2001) was a Chicago-based record label founded by Johnny Minardi and Tony Marino in August 2001. The label released records including the debut EP of The Academy Is..., the Remember Maine album The Last Place You Look, and the Hidden In Plain View EP Operation: Cut-Throat.

The company announced their closure following Minardi's move to work for Fueled by Ramen via a message on their website in 2005 stating "Goodnight sweet prince".

Hidden in Plain View
Hidden in Plain View is an American emo and post-hardcore band from northern New Jersey. They formed in 2000 and originally disbanded in 2007. During this seven-year run, the group released records with four record labels (most notably the independent label Drive-Thru Records), including two full-length albums and three EPs. Hidden in Plain View played numerous venues, including The Capitol in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, and concert tours such as the Warped Tour and the Drive-Thru Records Invasion Tours in the United States, Europe and Japan. In 2015 they reunited and released an EP entitled Animal via Rise Records. In 2022, the band released their latest EP Tantrums.
Samsung Notes
Samsung Notes (Korean: 삼성 노트) is a note-taking application for Android and Microsoft Windows developed by South Korean company Samsung Electronics. It allows the writing of digital and handwritten notes with embedded photos and audio, sketching and drawing, and also functions as a PDF document reader and annotater.

Samsung Notes is offered freely and is distributed on the Galaxy Store, Google Play Store and Microsoft Store. It is officially only supported on Samsung's own Android devices, but on Windows PCs is no longer restricted to Samsung's devices since 2025.

One UI
One UI is a user interface (UI) developed by Samsung Electronics for its mobile, computing devices and TVs, including Android devices running Android 9 "Pie" and later.

The successor to Samsung Experience, Samsung designed One UI to make using larger smartphones easier and be more visually appealing. It was announced and unveiled at Samsung Developer Conference in 2018, and was updated in Galaxy Unpacked in February 2019 alongside the Galaxy S10 series, Galaxy Buds and the Galaxy Fold, since then receiving yearly upgrades.

The latest stable version, One UI 8, was released on July 25, 2025 with the launch of the Galaxy Z Fold 7, Z Flip 7 and Z Flip 7 FE after starting beta testing in May, with other phones receiving the update starting on September 15, 2025 with the Galaxy S25 series in South Korea.
Melbourne line
The Melbourne Line was a railway line which ran from Derby to Ashby de la Zouch. It was used by the British Army and Allied engineers during the Second World War from 1939 until late 1944 to prepare them for the invasion of mainland Europe. Engineers practised the demolition and rebuilding of railways and the running and maintenance of a railway line and its rolling stock. There was also a bridge building school at Kings Newton.

Kings Newton
Kings Newton is a village in South Derbyshire. The population of the village is included in Melbourne.  The Holy well (pictured) was constructed around 1660, but has been refurbished at the end of the twentieth century.
Gigantic (unproduced film)
Gigantic is an unproduced American animated musical fantasy film based on the English fairy tale "Jack and the Beanstalk". The film was to be directed by Nathan Greno and Meg LeFauve, produced by Dorothy McKim, and was to feature original songs from Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez.

Gigantic was initially scheduled to be released on November 21, 2018, but it was pushed back to November 25, 2020 after it was announced that Ralph Breaks the Internet would be released on the former date. However, on October 10, 2017, Disney cancelled the movie due to creative differences. Raya and the Last Dragon then assumed the November 2020 date even though its release was delayed to March 5, 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Kristen Anderson-Lopez
Kristen Anderson-Lopez (born March 21, 1972) is an American songwriter. She is known for co-writing the songs for the 2013 animated musical film Frozen and its 2019 sequel Frozen 2 with her husband Robert Lopez. The couple won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Let It Go" from Frozen and "Remember Me" from Coco (2017) at the 86th and 90th awards respectively. She also won two Grammy Awards at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, and she is signed to Disney Music Publishing.
Ghaazee Bandaarain
Ghaazee Bandaarain is a 1982 Maldivian historical film developed by Television Maldives in association with Tolour Productions. The film was released in three parts where the first two parts were directed by Hussain Shihab and Kashima Ahmed Shakir respectively. It stars Adam Zahir, Ibrahim Moosa, Ahmed Shakir, Abdul Rasheed Hassan, Zuhaira Umar and Chilhiya Moosa Manik in pivotal roles. The film narrates the journey of three war hero siblings, Muhammad Thakurufaanu, Ali Thakurufaanu and Hassan Thakurufaanu, whom with his companions fought an eight-year-long war to drive out the Portuguese invaders who occupied the Maldives from 1558 to 1573.

Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-Auzam
As-Sulṭaan al-Ghaazee Muhammad Thakurufaanu al-A'uẓam or As-Sultan Ghazi Muhammad Bodu Thakurufaanu (Dhivehi: އައްސުލްޠާން އަލްޣާޒީ މުޙައްމަދު ތަކުރުފާނު އަލްއަޢުޡަމް; died 18 August 1585) ruled over the Maldives Islands from 1573 to 1585. He is known as a military strategist for fighting the Portuguese who ruled over the Maldives from 1558–1573 after killing Sultan Ali VI in Malé. His victory is commemorated in the Maldives as Qaumee Dhuvas or National Day. He was also the first Maldivian Sultan to form a Lashkaru (a unified military body). He is regarded as a national hero.
Metropolitan Newspaper Service
Metropolitan Newspaper Service (MNS) was a syndication service based in New York City that operated from 1919 to 1932. At first the syndication service of Metropolitan Magazine, it soon became affiliated with the Bell Syndicate, and then was acquired and absorbed into United Feature Syndicate.

A couple of notable, long-running comic strips originated with MNS: Tarzan and Ella Cinders. The service syndicated writers like Margot Asquith, Gertrude Atherton, Joseph Conrad, and Booth Tarkington.

Margot Asquith
Emma Alice Margaret Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (née Tennant; 2 February 1864 – 28 July 1945), known as Margot Asquith, was a British socialite and author. She was married to British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith from 1894 to his death in 1928. Known for her wit, in late Victorian society she was a member of the famed aristocratic group of intellectuals called "The Souls". An opponent of women's suffrage, whose autobiography was lampooned, Lady Oxford and Asquith was a controversial yet colourful character in her time.
For the Cause of the South
For the Cause of the South is a lost 1912 American silent film that portrayed a tragic, fictional romance set during the American Civil War. Directed by Bannister Merwin, the film was produced by Edison Studios, which was located in New York City, in The Bronx. The production starred Laura Sawyer, Benjamin Wilson, and Charles Ogle, with supporting characters played by Bessie Learn and James Gordon in the role of Confederate General Robert E. Lee.

James Gordon (actor)
James Gordon (April 23, 1871 – May 12, 1941) was an American silent film actor. He appeared in more than 120 films between 1911 and 1935. He also directed 4 films between 1913 and 1915, including the 1915 film The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford.

Gordon was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on April 23, 1871. He died on May 12, 1941, in Hollywood, California, aged 70, from post-surgical complications. He is buried in Hollywood Forever Cemetery.
Emeka Ogboh
Emeka Ogboh // ⓘ (born May 14, 1977) is a Nigerian sound and installation artist best known for his soundscapes of life in Lagos. Trained as an artist, he began working with sounds that characterize cities following an Egyptian multimedia art program. He presents unmodified field recordings from Lagos city life in gallery installations with headphones and speakers. His non-audio work uses iconography from Lagos city life.

He participated in the DAAD Artists-in-Berlin Program and 2015 Venice Biennale, and received the 2016 Bremen Böttcherstraße Art Award. His work has been exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum, American National Museum of African Art, Menil Collection, Casino Luxembourg, and Kiasma.

Casino Luxembourg
The Casino Luxembourg is a forum for contemporary art which was adapted and renovated in 1995 to fit its new role of housing temporary exhibitions of Luxembourg art. It opened in 1882 as the Casino Bourgeois, and was a centre for cultural and social events in addition to its gaming functions.
Safe House (2025 film)
Safe House is a 2025 American  thriller film directed by Jamie Marshall and written by Leon Langford. It stars Lucien Laviscount, Hannah John-Kamen, Ethan Embry, Lewis Tan, Holt McCallany, and Adam Levy.

Hannah John-Kamen
Hannah Dominique John-Kamen  (born 7 September 1989) is an English actress. She is known for her television roles in Black Mirror (2011–2016), Killjoys (2015–2019), Brave New World (2020), and Netflix miniseries The Stranger (2020), and has portrayed  Ava Starr / Ghost in the superhero films Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)  and Thunderbolts* (2025). She has also starred in various films including SAS: Red Notice (2021), Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021) and Unwelcome (2023).
Batya 2: Ded
Batya 2: Ded (Russian: Батя 2: Дед) is a 2025 Russian comedy-drama film directed by Ilya Uchitel, a sequel to the 2021 film Batya. It stars Yevgeny Tsyganov, Vladimir Vdovichenkov and Andrey Andreev. This film was theatrically released on April 3, 2025.

Vladimir Vdovichenkov
Vladimir Vladimirovich Vdovichenkov (Russian: Владимир Владимирович Вдовиченков; born 13 August 1971) is a Russian theater and screen actor known for his roles in Brigada (2002), Leviathan (2014), Bummer (2003) and Salyut 7 (2017).
Acacia bidentata
Acacia bidentata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a prostrate or domed shrub with egg-shaped or triangular phyllodes with the narrower end towards the base, spherical or oblong heads of creamy-white or pale yellow flowers, and strongly curved or coiled pods.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Muhammad (name)
Muhammad (Arabic: مُحَمَّد, romanized: Muḥammad) is an Arabic given male name meaning "praiseworthy". The name comes from the passive participle of the Arabic verb ḥammada (حَمَّدَ), meaning "to praise", which itself comes from the triconsonantal Semitic root Ḥ-M-D. Other spellings of the name include Muhammed, Muhamad, Mohammad, Mohammed, Mahammad, Maxamed, Mehemmed, Mehemmet,  Mohamad, Mohamed, Mehmet, Mahometus, Mamadou, and a variety of other ways. Believed to be the most popular name in the world, by July 2014 it was estimated to have been given to 150 million men and boys.

The name has been banned for newborn children in the Xinjiang region of China since 2017, as well as for the Ahmadi community in Pakistan.

Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root). Such abstract consonantal roots are used in the formation of actual words by adding the vowels and non-root consonants (or "transfixes"), which go with a particular morphological category around the root consonants, in an appropriate way, generally following specific patterns.

It is a peculiarity of Semitic linguistics that many of these consonantal roots are triliterals, meaning that they consist of three letters (although there are a number of quadriliterals, and in some languages also biliterals). Such roots are also common in other Afroasiatic languages. While Berber mostly has triconsonantal roots, Chadic, Omotic, and Cushitic have mostly biconsonantal roots; and Egyptian shows a mix of biconsonantal and triconsonantal roots.
Adrian Hamilton
Adrian Charles Hamilton (born November 29, 1987) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Prairie View A&M Panthers and was signed with the Dallas Cowboys as an undrafted free agent in 2012. Hamilton was also a member of the Portland Thunder in the Arena Football League (AFL).

Portland Steel
The Portland Steel were a professional arena football team based in Portland, Oregon and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team started as the Portland Thunder, joining the AFL in 2014 as an expansion team along with the Los Angeles Kiss. The team played their home games at the Moda Center. They were known as the Thunder until the franchise went under league ownership in 2016 and became the Steel.
Nashville Centennials
The Nashville Centennials were a Minor League Baseball team that played in the Class C Central League in 1897. They were located in Nashville, Tennessee, and were named in reference to the celebration of the one-hundredth anniversary of Tennessee's admission to the union in 1796, highlighted by the 1897 Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition. The Centennials played their home games at Athletic Park, later known as Sulphur Dell.

Financial problems brought on by poor weather, low attendance, and a lack of local monetary support necessitated the team's transfer to Henderson, Kentucky, after June 3. At the time of their departure, Nashville was in second place with an 18–14 record, one game out of first. The league ultimately disbanded on July 20. Combined, the Nashville/Henderson team finished in second place at 39–31, one-and-a-half games out of first.

Henderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a home rule-class city along the Ohio River and the county seat of Henderson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 29,781 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is part of the Evansville–Henderson, Indiana–Kentucky Combined Statistical Area, locally known as the "Tri-State Area," and is considered the southernmost suburb of Evansville, Indiana.
Directed information
Directed information is an information theory measure that quantifies the information flow from the random string   to the random string . The term directed information was coined by James Massey and is defined as

where  is the conditional mutual information .

Directed information has applications to problems where causality plays an important role such as the capacity of channels with feedback, capacity of discrete memoryless networks, capacity of networks with in-block memory, gambling with causal side information, compression with causal side information, real-time control communication settings, and statistical physics.

James Massey
James Lee Massey (February 11, 1934 – June 16, 2013) was an American information theorist and
cryptographer, Professor Emeritus of Digital Technology at ETH Zurich. His notable work includes the application of the Berlekamp–Massey algorithm to linear codes, the design of the block ciphers IDEA (with Xuejia Lai, based on the Lai-Massey scheme) and SAFER, and the Massey-Omura cryptosystem (with Jim K. Omura).