hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patria 6×6
The Patria 6×6 (Patria XA-300) is a six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier produced by the Finnish defence industry company Patria.

Patria 6×6 is primarily designed for troop transport but can be configured for other roles as well. The basic platform can be tailored to meet varying user requirements by many optional features e.g. swimming system, winch, upgraded armour protection and diverse weapon systems. Available weapons range from machine gun up to 25/30 mm medium calibre direct fire weapon systems and Patria Nemo 120 mm turreted mortar system.

The layout has driver and commander in front, engine compartment behind the driver and rear compartment for troop and role specific equipment. A passage in right side allows moving between front and rear compartments.

Patria 6×6 chassis is based on Patria AMVXP structures and components. The expected service life of the vehicle is more than 30 years.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
Jaswant Singh Gill
Jaswant Singh Gill (22 November 1939 – 26 November 2019) was an Indian engineer at Coal India known for his efforts in rescuing 65 coal miners trapped in a flooded mine in Raniganj, West Bengal, in 1989.

Coal India
Coal India Limited (CIL) is an Indian public sector undertaking (PSU) and the largest government-owned coal producer in the world. Headquartered in Kolkata, it is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal, Government of India.

It accounts for around 82% of the total coal production in India. It produced 554.14 million tonnes of raw coal in 2016–17, compared to 494.24 million tonnes during FY 2014–15 and earned revenue of ₹95,435 crore (US$11 billion) from sale of coal in the same financial year. In April 2011, CIL was conferred the Maharatna status by the Government of India, making it one of the seven companies with that status. As of 14 October 2015, CIL is a PSU owned by the Central Government of India which controls its operations through the Ministry of Coal.

CIL ranks 8th among the top 20 firms responsible for a third of all global carbon emissions.
Jakob Sprenger
Jakob Sprenger (24 July 1884 – 7 May 1945) was a Nazi Party official and politician who was the Party's  Gauleiter of Hesse-Nassau South from 1927 to 1933 and Gau Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1945. He was also the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) and Minister-President of the People's State of Hesse, the Oberpräsident of the Prussian Province of Nassau and an SA-Obergruppenführer.

Gauleiter
A Gauleiter (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʊlaɪtɐ] ⓘ) was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau. Gauleiter was the third-highest rank in the Nazi political leadership, subordinate only to Reichsleiter and to the Führer himself. The position was effectively abolished with the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Everardus Bogardus
Everardus Bogardus (27 July 1607 – 27 September 1647) was the dominie of the New Netherlands, and was the second minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, the oldest established church in present-day New York, which was then located on Pearl Street at its first location built in 1633, the year of his arrival. Bogardus was, in fact, the second clergyman in all of the New Netherlands. (The slightly obscure early history of the Dutch colony meant that he was often considered the first clergyman.)

Middle Collegiate Church
40°43′40″N 73°59′17″W﻿ / ﻿40.727732°N 73.988092°W﻿ / 40.727732; -73.988092

The Middle Collegiate Church is a United Church of Christ church located at 112 Second Avenue between 6th and 7th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

The Gothic Revival church was built from 1891 to 1892 as the congregation's fourth location, and was designed by Samuel B. Reed.  It featured stained-glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany. It is located within the East Village/Lower East Side Historic District. It is part of the Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

On December 5, 2020, the church was gutted by a fire that left only its stone exterior and its bell intact.
Larisa Zhadova
Larisa Alekseevna Zhadova (born Zhidova; August 13, 1927 – December 9, 1981) was a Soviet art critic, art and design historian, specialized on Russian avant-garde. She is the author of the first monograph about Vladimir Tatlin. Daughter of the Soviet military leader Alexei Zhadov, she was the wife and widow of the poet Semyon Gudzenko as well as the fourth and last wife of the poet and writer Konstantin Simonov. Thanks in large part to Zhadova, who acted through her husband, the influential literary functionary Konstantin Simonov, the Russian avant-garde, while being subject of a general ban, in the 1970s was partially recovered for Soviet culture and scientific research.

Aleksey Zhadov
Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov (Russian: Алексе́й Семёнович Жа́дов), born with the surname "Zhidov" (Russian: Жи́дов, 30 March 1901 – 30 November 1977), was a Soviet military officer in the Red Army, who during World War II commanded the 66th Army, later renamed the 5th Guards Army, from the Battle of Stalingrad up till the end of the war. For his leadership of the army, Zhadov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Postwar, Zhadov commanded the Central Group of Forces and was deputy commander of the Soviet Ground Forces.
Coherence (signal processing)
In signal processing, the coherence is a statistic that can be used to examine the relation between two signals or data sets. It is commonly used to estimate the power transfer between input and output of a linear system. If the signals are ergodic, and the system function is linear, it can be used to estimate the causality between the input and output.

Ergodic process
In physics, statistics, econometrics and signal processing, a stochastic process is said to be in an ergodic regime if an observable's ensemble average equals the time average. In this regime, any collection of random samples from a process must represent the average statistical properties of the entire regime. Conversely, a regime of a process that is not ergodic is said to be in non-ergodic regime. A regime implies a time-window of a process whereby ergodicity measure is applied.
Utility (C++)
<utility> is a header file in the C++ Standard Library. This file has two key components:

std::rel_ops, a namespace containing set of templates which define default behavior for the relational operators !=, >, <=, and >= between objects of the same type, based on user-defined operators == and <.

std::pair<T, U>, a container template which holds two member objects (first and second) of arbitrary type(s). Additionally, the header defines default relational operators for pairs which have both types in common.

Relational operator
In computer science, a relational operator is a  programming language construct or operator that defines syntactically a relationship between two entities. These include numerical equality (e.g., 5 = 5) and inequalities (e.g., 4 ≥ 3).

In programming languages that include a distinct boolean data type in their type system, like Pascal, Ada, Python or Java, these operators usually evaluate to true or false, depending on if the conditional relationship between the two operands holds or not.

In languages such as C, relational operators return the integers 0 or 1, where 0 stands for false and any non-zero value stands for true.

An expression created using a relational operator forms what is termed a relational expression or a condition. Relational operators can be seen as special cases of logical predicates.
NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho
NRP Almirante Gago Coutinho (A523) is a ship of the Portuguese Navy' Dom Carlos I-class survey vessels (ex-US Stalwart-class ocean surveillance ship adapted in Portugal for the execution of hydrography and oceanography surveys). Before transfer to the Portuguese Navy, Almirante Gago Coutinho was formerly USNS Assurance (T-AGOS-5) of the United States Navy.

Stalwart-class ocean surveillance ship
The Stalwart-class auxiliary general ocean surveillance ships (T-AGOS) are a class of United States Naval Ship (USNS) auxiliary support ocean surveillance ships commissioned between April 1984 and October 2000. Their original purpose was to collect underwater acoustical information using the Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS), a towed array passive sonar.

Stalwart, Indomitable, and Capable were modified to support narcotics interdiction by removing SURTASS equipment and adding an air-search radar and tactical data link equipment.
Scarsdale diet
The Scarsdale diet, a high-protein low-carbohydrate fad diet designed for weight loss, was created in the 1970s by Herman Tarnower and named for the town of Scarsdale in Westchester County, New York where he practiced cardiology. The diet was first described in Tarnower's 1978 book The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet. Tarnower wrote the book with self-help author Samm Sinclair Baker.

Atkins diet
The Atkins diet is a low-carbohydrate fad diet devised by Robert Atkins in the 1970s, marketed with claims that carbohydrate restriction is crucial to weight loss and that the diet offered "a high calorie way to stay thin forever".

The diet became popular in the early 2000s, with Atkins' book becoming one of the top 50 best-selling books in history, and as many as 1 in 11 North American adults claiming to be following it. Atkins died in 2003 and in 2005 Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. filed for bankruptcy following substantial financial losses.

There is no strong evidence of the diet's effectiveness in achieving durable weight loss; it is unbalanced as it promotes unlimited consumption of protein and saturated fat, and it may increase the risk of heart disease.
Saxon V V
The Saxon Class V  was a triple-coupled, goods train, tender locomotive operated by the Royal Saxon State Railways. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn regrouped the locomotives 25 into their DRG Class 53.6–7.

Tender (rail)
A tender is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called either a tender locomotive or a tender engine. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board are called tank locomotives or tank engines.

A corridor tender is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly.

A brake tender is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency.
Reactions to the disappearance of Madeleine McCann
On the evening of Thursday, 3 May 2007, shortly before her fourth birthday, a British child, Madeleine McCann, went missing from a holiday apartment in Praia da Luz in the Algarve in Portugal, in which she was staying with her parents.

The Portuguese police investigation into her disappearance closed in July 2008. Scotland Yard in May 2011 began a review of the case, Operation Grange, and in April 2012 announced their belief that Madeleine might still be alive.

In the weeks following her disappearance, Madeleine's parents implemented a successful publicity campaign that kept her in the public eye. This resulted in a wide-reaching international response, both in the media and by the public, which led to some criticism that the media attention was excessive. There was also comment that the UK media had unfairly criticised the Portuguese police.

Praia da Luz
Praia da Luz (European Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐ ðɐ ˈluʃ]), officially Luz, is a civil parish of the municipality of Lagos, in Algarve region, Portugal. The population of the civil parish in 2011 was 3,545, in an area of 21.78 km2 (9½ sq. mi.). Also known as Santorini de Portugal, Luz de Lagos or Vila da Luz (a contraction of its former official name, Vila da Nossa Senhora da Luz), "Praia da Luz" (which means Beach of the Light) is used to refer to both the urbanized village and the beach. The parish had its origins in a small fishing village (the industry is now only found in isolated enclaves to the west), but was transformed by several holiday-villa complexes into a tourist area.
District Attorney's Office v. Osborne
District Attorney's Office for the Third Judicial District v. Osborne, 557 U.S. 52 (2009), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court decided that the Constitution's Due Process Clause does not require states to turn over DNA evidence to a party seeking a civil suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
Qari Syed Sadaqat Ali
Qari Syed Sadaqat Ali HI SI PP is a Pakistani qari. He is well known for his program AlQuran (The Quran) that was especially aimed to help children with their reading and pronunciation skills of the Quran.

The program, started in 1992, was a huge success on the Pakistan Television Corporation channel (PTV) and is being replayed and rerun even in 2025. He has been invited on BBC Radio 3 as a guest to share his experiences with the public there.

He is also one of the official Quran readers at the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab's inaugural parliamentary sessions.

One of his teachers was the renowned Sheikh Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad (1927 – 1988) of Egypt.

Pride of Performance
The Pride of Performance (Urdu: تمغہِ حسنِ کارکردگی, romanized: tamġā-e husn-e kārkardgī), officially known as the Presidential Pride of Performance, is an award bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to recognize people with "notable achievements in the field of art, science, literature, sports, and nursing". It is considered one of the country's most prestigious awards in these fields conferred upon citizens and, in some cases, foreign nationals.
Katie Mack (astrophysicist)
Katherine J. Mack (born 1 May 1981) is an American theoretical cosmologist who holds the Hawking Chair in Cosmology and Science Communication at the Perimeter Institute. Her academic research investigates dark matter, vacuum decay, and the Epoch of Reionization. Mack is also a popular science communicator who participates in social media and regularly writes for Scientific American, Slate, Sky & Telescope, Time, and Cosmos.

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics (PI, Perimeter, PITP) is an independent research centre in foundational theoretical physics located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1999. The institute's founding and major benefactor is Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Mike Lazaridis.

The original building, designed by Saucier + Perrotte, opened in 2004 and was awarded a Governor General's Medal for Architecture in 2006. The Stephen Hawking Centre, designed by Teeple Architects, was opened in 2011 and was LEED Silver certified in 2015.

In addition to research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to the general public. This is done in part through Perimeter's Educational Outreach team.
Anthony Mahoungou
Anthony Jean Herve Mahoungou (born 12 February 1994) is a French professional gridiron football wide receiver for the Paris Musketeers of the European League of Football (ELF). He most recently played for the Rhein Fire of the European League of Football (ELF). He has also played for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL), the Frankfurt Universe of the German Football League (GFL), the Frankfurt Galaxy of the ELF, and the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

He played college football for the Purdue Boilermakers and has been a member of the France national team.

European League of Football
The European League of Football (ELF) is a professional American football league based in Europe, continuing some team names of the former NFL Europe. The ELF played its first season in 2021, and has 16 teams as of the 2025 season. Teams are located in Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Switzerland with plans to expand.
Mike Prusi
Michael Prusi  (born October 12, 1949) is a former Democratic member of the Michigan Senate, representing the 38th district from 2003 to 2010. His district included Gogebic, Iron, Ontonagon, Delta, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Houghton, Baraga, Marquette, Alger, Luce, Schoolcraft, and Menominee counties in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Previously he was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1995 through 2000. During his final term, he served as the Senate Minority Leader, following the election of the previous leader, Mark Schauer, to the U.S. House.

Delta County, Michigan
Delta County is a county in the Upper Peninsula in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,903. The county seat is Escanaba. The county was surveyed in 1843 and organized in 1861. Its name originates from the Greek letter delta (Δ), which refers to the triangular shape of the original county which included segments of Menominee, Dickinson, Iron, and Marquette counties. Recreation and forest products are major industries, and crops include hay, corn, small grains, potatoes, and strawberries.

Delta County comprises the Escanaba, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Jaime Bourbonnais
Jaime Claire Bourbonnais (born September 9, 1998) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the New York Sirens of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) and member of the Canadian national team.

New York Sirens
The New York Sirens are a professional ice hockey team based in the New York metropolitan area that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey.
Skinner v. Oklahoma
Skinner v. State of Oklahoma, ex rel. Williamson, 316 U.S. 535 (1942), is a unanimous United States Supreme Court ruling that held that laws permitting the compulsory sterilization of criminals are unconstitutional as it violates a person's rights given under the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution, specifically the Equal Protection Clause and the Due Process Clause. The relevant Oklahoma law applied to "habitual criminals" but excluded white-collar crimes from carrying sterilization penalties.

White-collar crime
The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals,  businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gains.  It was first defined by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation". Typical white-collar crimes could include wage theft, fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. White-collar crime overlaps with corporate crime.
Fransérgio (footballer, born 1990)
Fransérgio Rodrigues Barbosa (born 18 October 1990), known as Fransérgio, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Operário-PR

After starting his career with Atlético Paranaense and Internacional, he spent seven years in Portugal, where he made 192 Primeira Liga appearances split equally between Marítimo and Braga, scoring 26 goals. With the latter, he won the Taça da Liga in 2020 and the Taça de Portugal in 2021. He also played in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 for Bordeaux in France.

Club Athletico Paranaense
Club Athletico Paranaense (abbreviated CAP, commonly known as Athletico Paranaense and up to 2019 known as Atlético Paranaense) is a Brazilian football team from the city of Curitiba, capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná, founded on 26 March 1924.

The team's most important titles have been winning the 2001 Série A, the Copa Sudamericana in 2018 and 2021, making it the only team from Paraná to win international titles. It won the Copa do Brasil in 2019. In the Copa Libertadores, they have finished runner-up twice, in 2005 and 2022.

They are considered the strongest team in Brazil outside of the Big 12, at times even surpassing them.
Emery Fletcher
Emery George Fletcher (July 22, 1868 - July 21, 1953) was a Latter Day Saint leader who served as the fourth president of  The Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite), succeeding Isaac Whiting in that office after Whiting died in 1922.  During his tenure, the Cutlerites fulfilled a long-cherished dream of their founder, Alpheus Cutler, by relocating their church headquarters from Clitherall, Minnesota (where it had been since 1865) to Independence, Missouri, within sight of the Temple Lot.  However, this move had the unintended consequence of commencing a division between the Minnesota and Missouri branches of the church, which led to a short-lived schism after Fletcher's death.

Rupert Fletcher
Rupert J. Fletcher (May 15, 1896 – November 22, 1974) was a Latter Day Saint leader who served as the sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite) from 1958 to 1974. As church president, he ended the schism between the church's Missouri congregation and its Minnesota branch, which had seceded from the church in 1955 and called itself the True Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite). He also authored, in company with his wife Daisy, a compendium of Cutlerite history and doctrine, entitled Alpheus Cutler and The Church of Jesus Christ.