hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Ushno
The Battle of Ushno (8-13 April 1918) was a military engagement near present-day Oshnavieh, in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran, fought between the Assyrian volunteers led by Agha Petros and the Ottoman Empire, reinforced by local Persian and Kurdish troops. This battle is a part of the broader Ottoman invasion of Iranian Azerbaijan, with the goal of subduing the Assyrian Christian authority over the region, and to finally enter the city of Urmia.

Oshnavieh
Oshnavieh (Persian: اشنويه) is a city in the Central District of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

Oshnavieh County is bordered by Naqadeh County to the east, by Piranshahr County to the south, by Urmia County to the north, and by Iraqi Kurdistan Province to the west.
Alex Silva (wrestler)
Alexander Freitas (born January 23, 1990) is a Canadian professional wrestler best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling where he is a former Impact Gut Check Winner under the ring name Alex Silva.

TNA Gut Check
In professional wrestling, the TNA Gut Check (formerly known as the Impact Wrestling Gut Check) was a tryout program turned indy wrestling rookies reality series that was produced by the American professional wrestling promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), as a means of recruiting new talent. The TNA Wrestling Gut Check was featured as a segment on occasional episodes of the company's flagship television program of the same name. The TNA Wrestling Gut Check has also been used as an TNA One Night Only pay-per-view event on February 16, 2015.
Pact of Halepa
The Pact of Halepa (Greek: Σύμβαση της Χαλέπας) or Halepa Charter (Χάρτης της Χαλέπας) was an agreement made in 1878 between the Ottoman Empire (then ruled by the Sultan Abdul Hamid II) and the representatives of the Cretan Revolutionary Committee, which secured wide-ranging autonomy for the island of Crete. It was named after the place where it was signed, Halepa (now a district of Chania).

Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)
The Cretan Revolt of 1897–1898 was a successful insurrection by the Greek Orthodox population of Crete against the rule of the Ottoman Empire after decades of rising tensions. The Greek insurrectionists received supplies and armed support first from the Kingdom of Greece; then later from the Great Powers: the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Russia. The  conflict ended in 1898 with Cretan-allied victory and Ottoman retreat when the Great Powers cut their funding and proposed a resolution which stipulated that the Island of Crete become an autonomous state under the nominal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, with the Prince George of Greece as governor, The Ottoman Empire recognize the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Greece recognize the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.
Perfluorosulfonic acids
Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) are chemical compounds of the formula CnF(2n+1)SO3H and thus belong to the family of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFASs). The simplest example of a perfluorosulfonic acid is the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Perfluorosulfonic acids with six or more perfluorinated carbon atoms, i.e. from perfluorohexanesulfonic acid onwards, are referred to as long-chain.

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (conjugate base perfluorohexanesulfonate) is a synthetic chemical compound. It is one of many compounds collectively known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). It is an anionic fluorosurfactant and a persistent organic pollutant with bioaccumulative properties. Although the use of products containing PFHxS and other PFASs have been banned or are being phased out in many jurisdictions, it remains ubiquitous in many environments and within the general population, and is one of the most commonly detected PFASs.
The Kolors
The Kolors is an Italian pop rock band founded in 2009 by lead vocalist Antonio Stash Fiordispino, drummer Alex Fiordispino, and Daniele Mona who plays synthesizers. They are best known for their 2023 hit "Italodisco", which peaked at number one in Italy and charted in several European charts.

The group won season 14 of the Italian talent show Amici di Maria De Filippi, coached by Elisa, and has released three studio albums: I Want (2014), Out (2015) and You (2017), singing both in Italian and English. Since their debut, the band has sold over 650,000 copies in Italy and won many accolades, including three Wind Music Awards, one MTV Italian Music Awards, and one Kid's Choice Award. They have been selected to compete at Sanremo Music Festival three times with "Frida (mai, mai, mai)" (2018), "Un ragazzo una ragazza" (2024), and "Tu con chi fai l'amore" (2025).

Sanremo Music Festival 2025
The Sanremo Music Festival 2025 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2025), officially the 75th Italian Song Festival (75º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 75th edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). It was held between 11 and 15 February 2025 and presented by Carlo Conti, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. The festival was won by Olly with "Balorda nostalgia", earning him the right of first refusal to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025; however, he ultimately declined the opportunity in favour of runner-up Lucio Corsi with "Volevo essere un duro".
Murder of Mary Margaret Moran
The murder of Mary Margaret Moran (alias Peggy Moran; February 10, 1948 – July 31, 1975) occurred on July 26, 1975, in San Antonio, Texas. Moran, a nurse working at the San Antonio Veterans Administration Hospital, was kidnapped from the parking lot of her workplace and she was raped and stabbed by her abductor, Donald Gene Franklin (September 21, 1951 – November 3, 1988). Moran was left for dead throughout the next four days before her nude body was found by a passer-by on July 30, 1975.

Moran, who was still alive but mortally wounded at the time of her discovery, died in hospital the next day due to her wounds. Franklin, who was also a suspect behind the 1974 rape and strangulation death of another woman, was charged with capital murder after his arrest for Moran's death. Franklin was found guilty of capital murder and sentenced to death, and executed by lethal injection on November 3, 1988.

Capital punishment in Texas
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Texas, known as the capital punishment capital, for murder, and participation in a felony resulting in death if committed by an individual who is at least 18 years old.

In 1982, the state became the first jurisdiction in the world to carry out an execution by lethal injection, when it executed Charles Brooks Jr. It was the first execution in the state since 1964.

Texas, which is the second most populous state in the United States, has executed 597 people since the U.S. capital punishment resumption in 1976 (beginning in 1982 with the Brooks execution) to January 28, 2026 (the execution of Charles Victor Thompson)—more than a third of the national total. Even per capita, Texas has the nation's second-highest execution rate, behind only neighboring Oklahoma.
Richard B. Angus
Richard Bladworth Angus (28 May 1831 – 17 September 1922) was a Scottish-Canadian banker, financier, and philanthropist. He was a co-founder and vice-president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, president of the Bank of Montreal, president of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, president of the Montreal Art Association, and co-founder and president of the Mount Royal Club. He was the natural successor to Lord Mount Stephen as president of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1888, but he did not desire the position; he twice refused a knighthood. The CPR Angus Shops were named for him, as was one of the later CP Ships.

William Cornelius Van Horne
Sir William Cornelius Van Horne, KCMG (February 3, 1843 – September 11, 1915) was an American businessman, industrialist and railroad magnate who spent most of his career in Canada. He is famous for overseeing the construction of the first Canadian transcontinental railway, a project that was completed in 1885, in under half the projected time. He succeeded Lord Mount Stephen as president of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in 1888. Van Horne was responsible for launching the sea transport division of the CPR, which inaugurated regular service between Vancouver and Hong Kong in 1891. He also presided over the expansion of the CPR into the luxury hotel business in the 1890s. Van Horne was also a prominent member of the syndicate that created the Cuba Railroad Company in 1900. He lived at the Van Horne Mansion in Montreal's Golden Square Mile.
Now or Never (Mark Medlock song)
"Now or Never" is a song by German recording artist Mark Medlock, the winner of the fourth season of the reality television talent show Deutschland sucht den Superstar, broadcast on RTL in 2007. Serving as both his coronation song and debut single, the song was written and produced by DSDS judge Dieter Bohlen. Released in May 2007, it reached the top of the singles charts in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

Dieter Bohlen
Dieter Bohlen (German: [ˈdiːtɐ ˈboːlən]; born Dieter Günter Bohlen on 7 February 1954) is a German songwriter, producer, singer and television personality. He first achieved fame as a member of the pop duo Modern Talking in the 1980s, and has since produced numerous German and international artists. He is also a judge on casting shows Deutschland sucht den Superstar and Das Supertalent.
Haval H1
The Haval H1 (formerly the Great Wall Haval M4) is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by the Chinese manufacturer Great Wall. It was essentially a rebadged and lifted Great Wall Florid, until the second generation which is a rebadged Great Wall Voleex C20R. The Great Wall Haval M4 was renamed to Haval H1 after Great Wall launched Haval into an individual sub-brand in 2013.

Great Wall Florid
The Great Wall Florid (Chinese: 长城炫丽; pinyin: Chángchéng Xuànlì) is a subcompact car produced by the Chinese manufacturer Great Wall Motors between 2008 and 2013. Styling is suspected to be copied from the first generation Toyota Ist (Scion xA), while the nose section is inspired by the second generation Toyota Vitz (Yaris hatchback) with the headlights being inspired by the Toyota Ractis.

It is sold in various countries including South Africa. There are two versions of Florid, the basic (Florid) and the Florid Cross which adds new design wheels, interior trim and a bodykit.
Blacker (security)
Blacker (styled BLACKER) is a U.S. Department of Defense computer network security project designed to achieve A1 class ratings (very high assurance) of the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC).

The first Blacker program began in the late 1970s, with a follow-on eventually producing fielded devices in the late 1980s. It was the first secure system with trusted end-to-end encryption on the United States' Defense Data Network.

The project was implemented by SDC (software), and Burroughs (hardware), and after their merger, by the resultant company Unisys.

Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. The TCSEC was used to evaluate, classify, and select computer systems being considered for the processing, storage, and retrieval of sensitive or classified information.

The TCSEC, frequently referred to as the Orange Book, is the centerpiece of the DoD Rainbow Series publications. Initially issued in 1983 by the National Computer Security Center (NCSC), an arm of the National Security Agency, and then updated in 1985, TCSEC was eventually replaced by the Common Criteria international standard, originally published in 2005.
Transposon mutagenesis
Transposon mutagenesis, or transposition mutagenesis, is a biological process that allows genes to be transferred to a host organism's chromosome, interrupting or modifying the function of an extant gene on the chromosome and causing mutation. Transposon mutagenesis is much more effective than chemical mutagenesis, with a higher mutation frequency and a lower chance of killing the organism. Other advantages include being able to induce single hit mutations, being able to incorporate selectable markers in strain construction, and being able to recover genes after mutagenesis. Disadvantages include the low frequency of transposition in living systems, and the inaccuracy of most transposition systems.

Transposable element
A transposable element (TE), also   transposon, jumping gene, or mobile genetic element, is a DNA sequence that can change its position, or translocate, within a genome. TEs were first identified via genetic studies in maize by Barbara McClintock, a discovery for which she was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

TEs are very common in all types of organisms in nature, including in plants and animals. As of 2008, there were at least two classes of TEs: Class I TEs or retrotransposons, which generally function via reverse transcription; and Class II TEs or DNA transposons, which encode the protein transposase (and sometimes other proteins), which they require for insertion, excision, or other TE functions.
Bluefaced Leicester
The Bluefaced Leicester is a British breed of longwool sheep. It originated in north-east England in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, and derives from the white-faced Border Leicester, with some influence from the blue-coloured Wensleydale and possibly also from the Teeswater.: 765  It was bred specifically for use as a terminal sire to be used on ewes of hill sheep breeds to produce mules. By about 1920 it was known either as the Bluefaced or as the Hexham Leicester, for the town of Hexham in Northumberland.

Teeswater sheep
The Teeswater is a breed of sheep from Teesdale, England. It is a longwool breed that produces a generally large-diameter fibre. However, the animals are raised primarily for meat.

Teeswater sheep have been bred in northern England for about two hundred years; the breed was rare by the 1920s, but has seen a renaissance since World War II. The Rare Breeds Survival Trust has categorised the breed as "at risk".

The Teeswater Sheep Breeders' Association was formed in 1949 with the aim to encourage and improve the breeding of Teeswater sheep; to maintain their purity and particularly to establish the supremacy of Teeswater rams for crossing with hill sheep of other breeds for the production of half-bred lambs.
PSM Putri
PSM Makassar Putri (English: PSM Makassar Women's) is an Indonesia professional women's football club based in Makassar, Indonesia. Founded in 2019, the club is affiliated with men's professional association football club PSM Makassar. It currently plays in the Liga 1 Putri, the top women's league in Indonesia.

PSM Makassar
Persatuan Sepakbola Makassar (lit. 'Football Association of Makassar') commonly referred to as PSM Makassar, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Makassar, South Sulawesi that competes in Super League.

PSM was founded in 1915 as Makassarche Voetbalbond, making it one of the oldest active national clubs. They are also considered one of the most successful clubs in Indonesia, mostly due to their success in the pre-professional era of Indonesian football. In the 2001 season, they became the second Indonesian club to reach the quarterfinals of an Asian-level tournament, Asian Club Championship. PSM Makassar has won 2 Liga 1 titles and 1 Piala Indonesia in the club history.
Well-chained space
In mathematics, a well-chained space is a metric space in which two arbitrary points can be connected by a chain of points that are arbitrarily close. It is closely related to the notion of connectedness.

Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.
Jupiter in fiction
Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System, has appeared in works of fiction across several centuries. The way the planet has been depicted has evolved as more has become known about its composition; it was initially portrayed as being entirely solid, later as having a high-pressure atmosphere with a solid surface underneath, and finally as being entirely gaseous. It was a popular setting during the pulp era of science fiction. Life on the planet has variously been depicted as identical to humans, larger versions of humans, and non-human. Non-human life on Jupiter has been portrayed as primitive in some works and more advanced than humans in others.

The moons of Jupiter have also been featured in a large number of stories, especially the four Galilean moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Common themes include terraforming and colonizing these worlds.

Setting (narrative)
A setting (or backdrop) is the time and geographic location within a narrative, either non-fiction or fiction. It is a literary element. The setting initiates the main backdrop and mood for a story. The setting can be referred to as story world or milieu to include a context (especially society) beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with the plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of fiction.
Modibbo Raji
Modibbo Raji (Arabic: محمد راجي بن علي بن أبو بكر; 1790 – 1865) was a 19th-century Fulani Islamic scholar who was part of the community of Usman Dan Fodio, founder of the Sokoto Caliphate, and his brother Abdullahi dan Fodio. After a long career as a teacher, Qadi, Naib (deputy Imam) and Wazir (vizier) in the Gwandu Emirate under his mentor Abdullahi dan Fodio and his successors, Modibbo Raji emigrated in the 1850s and eventually settled in Adamawa. He is generally regarded as the founder of the Islamic scholarly tradition in Adamawa as well as one of the earliest exponents of the Tijjaniyya Islamic sect in the Sokoto Caliphate. He died   c. 1865 and was buried in Yola leaving behind his writings both in Arabic and Fulfulde, and a large scholarly community of his sons, daughters, students and associates.

Tijaniyyah
The Tijjani order (Arabic: الطريقة التجانية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Tijāniyya) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam named after Ahmad al-Tijani. It originated in Algeria but is now more widespread in the Maghreb and West Africa, particularly in Senegal,  Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Niger, Chad, Ghana, Northern and Southwestern Nigeria and some parts of Sudan. The Tijāniyyah order is also present in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in India. Its adherents are called Tijānī (spelled Tijaan or Tiijaan in Wolof, Tidiane or Tidjane in French).  Tijānīs place great importance on culture and education and emphasize the individual adhesion of the disciple (murid). To become a member of the order, one must receive the Tijānī wird, or a sequence of holy phrases to be repeated twice daily, from a muqaddam, or representative of the order.
Dubthach maccu Lugair
Dubthach maccu Lugair (fl. fifth century), is a legendary Irish poet and lawyer who supposedly lived at the time of St Patrick's mission in Ireland and in the reign of Lóegaire mac Néill, high-king of Ireland, to which Dubthach served as Chief Poet and Brehon. In contrast to the king and his druids, he is said to have readily accepted the new religion. This event has played a major part in Hiberno-Latin and Irish sources as representing the integration of native Irish learning with the Christian faith.

Óengus of Tallaght
Óengus mac Óengobann, better known as Saint Óengus of Tallaght or Óengus the Culdee, was an Irish bishop, reformer and writer, who flourished in the first quarter of the 9th century and is held to be the author of the Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") and possibly the Martyrology of Tallaght.

Little of Óengus's life and career is reliably attested. The most important sources include internal evidence from the Félire, a later Middle Irish preface to that work, a biographic poem beginning Aíbind suide sund amne ("Delightful to sit here thus") and the entry for his feast-day inserted into the Martyrology of Tallaght.
SS Kaiser Franz Joseph I
SS Kaiser Franz Joseph I was an Austro-Hungarian passenger liner built by Cantiere Navale Triestino for the Cosulich Line. Launched in February 1912, she was put into service and embarked on her maiden voyage from Trieste to New York City. During World War I, she was laid up in Trieste but was commissioned by the Italian Navy after the war.

Renamed Presidente Wilson under the Cosulich Line, the ship was later sold to another Italian company before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, she was recommissioned by the navy and subsequently laid up in La Spezia in 1943. On 12 May 1944, as the Allies advanced through Italy, the ship was scuttled by the Germans to prevent capture. Her wreck was raised and scrapped in 1949.

Cantiere Navale Triestino
Cantiere Navale Triestino – abbreviated CNT, or in English Trieste Naval Shipyard – was a private shipbuilding company based at Monfalcone operating in the early 20th century. The yard still functions today, though under a different name.
Body Chemistry II: The Voice of a Stranger
Body Chemistry II: The Voice of a Stranger is a 1991 erotic thriller sequel directed by Adam Simon and written by Jackson Barr and Christopher Wooden. It is the second film in the Body Chemistry franchise, following the character of psychotic psychiatrist Dr. Claire Archer, here played again by Lisa Pescia.

Adam Simon
Adam Simon (born February 6, 1962) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. His directing credits include Brain Dead (1990), Body Chemistry II: The Voice of a Stranger (1992), and Carnosaur (1993). Simon, along with producer Brannon Braga, co-created the television series Salem. As a screenwriter, Simon is known for Bones (2001), The Haunting in Connecticut (2009), and Books of Blood (2020).
Space Battleship Tiramisu
Space Battleship Tiramisu (Japanese: 宇宙戦艦ティラミス, Hepburn: Uchū Senkan Tiramisu) is a Japanese manga series written by Satoshi Miyakawa and illustrated by Kei Itō. An anime television series adaptation by Gonzo was broadcast from April 3 to December 25, 2018.

Gonzo (company)
Gonzo K.K. (Japanese: 株式会社ゴンゾ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Gonzo) (formerly GDH K.K.)  is a Japanese anime studio owned by ADK  that was established on February 22, 2000. Gonzo is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations. The company's predecessor Gonzo Inc. was established on February 11, 1992, by former Gainax staff members, but was later absorbed into its parent company, GDH K.K. on April 1, 2009, and it would assume the Gonzo trade name for itself.

Gonzo has not released a major animation project since 2020, with Phantasy Star Online 2: Episode Oracle being the studio's latest major work; the company has been focusing on the NFT market with its projects Samurai Cryptos and Samurai Religion, as well as co-distributing the animated film They Shot the Piano Player in Japan.