hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Osborne v. Ohio
Osborne v. Ohio, 495 U.S. 103 (1990), is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution allows states to outlaw the possession, as distinct from the distribution, of child pornography. In doing so, the Court extended the holding of  New York v. Ferber, which had upheld laws banning the distribution of child pornography against a similar First Amendment challenge, and distinguished Stanley v. Georgia, which had struck down a Georgia law forbidding the possession of pornography by adults in their own homes. The Court also determined that the Ohio law at issue was not overbroad, relying on a narrowing interpretation of the law the Ohio Supreme Court had adopted in prior proceedings in the case; however, because it was unclear whether the state had proved all the elements of the crime, the Court ordered a new trial.

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
East Midlands English
East Midlands English is a dialect, including local and social variations spoken in most parts of the East Midlands, England. It generally includes areas east of Watling Street (which separates it from West Midlands English), north of an isogloss separating it from variants of Southern English (e.g. Oxfordshire) and East Anglian English (e.g. Cambridgeshire), and south of another separating it from Northern English dialects (e.g. Yorkshire).

The region includes the counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Northamptonshire. Dialects of the northern parts of the East Midlands usually share similarities with Northern English dialects, while dialects of the southern parts have similarities with Southern England and parts of the west have some similarities with the West Midlands. Compared to other English dialects, there have been relatively few studies of East Midlands English.

East Anglian English
East Anglian English is a dialect of English spoken in East Anglia, primarily in or before the mid-20th century. East Anglian English has had a very considerable input into modern Estuary English. However, it has received little attention from the media and is not easily recognised by people from other parts of the United Kingdom. The dialect's boundaries are not uniformly agreed upon; for instance, the Fens were traditionally an uninhabited area that was difficult to cross, so there was little dialect contact between the two sides of the Fens leading to certain internal distinctions within that region.

Linguist Peter Trudgill has identified several sub-dialects, including Norfolk (Broad Norfolk, Norwich), Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, and various Fenland dialects.
Freeman White
Freeman White II (born December 17, 1943) is an American former professional football player who played four seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Giants in the ninth round of the 1966 NFL draft. He played college football for the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was a consensus All-American in 1965. White also played for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Ottawa Rough Riders
The Ottawa Rough Riders were a Canadian Football League team based in Ottawa, Ontario, founded on September 19, 1876. Formerly one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America, the Rough Riders won the Grey Cup championship nine times. Their most dominant era was the 1960s and 1970s,  in which they won five Grey Cups. The team's fortunes waned in the 1980s and 1990s, and they ultimately ceased operations following the 1996 season. Five years later, a new CFL team known as the Ottawa Renegades was founded, though they suspended operations in 2006. The Ottawa Redblacks, which own the Rough Riders and Renegades intellectual properties, joined the league in 2014.
Hoa Nguyen (politician)
Hiền Hòa Nguyễn (December 23, 1983 – October 9, 2025) was an American politician serving as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives for the 48th district. Elected in November 2022, she assumed office on January 9, 2023.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Gettings Creek
Gettings Creek is a tributary of the  Coast Fork Willamette River in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Flowing generally west from near Prune Hill, it turns sharply north as it nears Interstate 5 (I-5). It enters the larger stream near Walker, between Cottage Grove to the south and Creswell to the north. The I-5 rest area called Gettings Creek lies next to the creek.

The creek and a tributary, North Fork Gettings Creek, were named for Samuel A. Gettings, an early settler. Gettings lived near the creek in 1888.

Coast Fork Willamette River
The Coast Fork Willamette River is one of two forks that unite to form the Willamette River in western Oregon in the United States. It is about 40 miles (64 km) long, draining an area of the mountains at the south end of the Willamette Valley south of Eugene.
Beaver Creek (Kenai, Alaska)
Beaver Creek  (Dena'ina: Hkayitnu) is a stream located on the western portion of the Kenai Peninsula in the U.S. state of Alaska. Beaver Creek flows approximately 10 miles from its source at Beaver Lake in the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge to the Kenai River, approximately 4 river miles from the mouth of that river in the City of Kenai at Cook Inlet.  The Dena'ina call the creek Hkayitnu, meaning "Tail River". Beaver Creek was the common name added to the USGS Geographic Names Information System in 1951.

Kenai River
The Kenai River called Kahtnu in the Dena'ina language, is the longest river in the Kenai Peninsula of southcentral Alaska. It runs 82 miles (132 km)  westward from Kenai Lake in the Kenai Mountains, through the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge and Skilak Lake to its outlet into the Cook Inlet of the Pacific Ocean near Kenai and Soldotna.
Pinang River (Penang)
5°24′14.36″N 100°19′48.234″E﻿ / ﻿5.4039889°N 100.33006500°E﻿ / 5.4039889; 100.33006500

The Pinang River is a river that runs through the city of George Town within the Malaysian state of Penang. Stretching for approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 miles), the river cuts through the city centre, passing under the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway before emptying into the Penang Strait.

Sungai Pinang also refers to the neighbourhood that exists along the river. It is believed that the first riverine villages had been established in the late 18th century, prior to the arrival of Captain Francis Light, the founder of modern Penang.

The Pinang River was widely regarded as one of the filthiest waterways in Malaysia. In recent years, the Penang state government has intensified efforts to clean up and deepen the river, resulting in an improvement of the river's water quality.

Government of Penang
The Government of Penang refers to the government authority of the Malaysian state of Penang. The state government adheres to and is created by both the Malaysian federal constitution, the supreme law of Malaysia, and the constitution of Penang, the supreme law in Penang. The government of Penang is based in the state's capital city of George Town.

The state government consists of only two branches - executive and legislative. The Penang State Executive Council forms the executive branch, whilst the Penang State Legislative Assembly is the legislature of the state government. Penang's head of government is the chief minister. The state government does not have a judiciary branch, as Malaysia's judicial system is a federalised system operating uniformly throughout the country.
Patrice Gélard
Patrice Gélard (3 August 1938 – 25 June 2020) was a French politician who served as a member of the Senate of France. He represented the Seine-Maritime constituency and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) Party.

Gélard died on 25 June 2020 at the age of 81.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
Donald Broadbent
Donald Eric (D. E.) Broadbent CBE, FRS (Birmingham, 6 May 1926 – 10 April 1993) was an influential experimental psychologist from the United Kingdom. His career and research bridged the gap between the pre-World War II approach of Sir Frederic Bartlett and what became known as cognitive psychology in the late 1960s. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Broadbent as the 54th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Frederic Bartlett
Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett FRS (20 October 1886 – 30 September 1969) was a British psychologist and the first professor of experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the forerunners of cognitive psychology as well as cultural psychology. Bartlett considered most of his own work on cognitive psychology to be a study in social psychology, but he was also interested in anthropology, moral science, philosophy, and sociology. Bartlett proudly referred to himself as "a Cambridge psychologist" because while he was at the University of Cambridge, settling for one type of psychology was not an option.
RAF Dishforth
Royal Air Force Dishforth or more simply RAF Dishforth is a former Royal Air Force station near Thirsk in North Yorkshire, England. Opened in 1936, the base was used as a bomber airfield during the Second World War with both British and Canadian squadrons flying missions from the airfield. After the war, the base was used by various squadrons and training units before being disposed of in 1992 and handed over to the Army Air Corps.

Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
The Army Air Corps (AAC) is the aviation arm of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army. Today, there are eight regiments (seven Regular Army and one Reserve) of the AAC, as well as two independent flights and two independent squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations around the world. Regiments and flights are located in the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Canada. Some AAC squadrons provide the air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, through Joint Aviation Command.
Thembinkosi Apleni
Thembinkosi Tevin Apleni (died 12 May 2023) was a South African politician who served as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from May 2019 until his death in May 2023. He was one of six permanent delegates from the Eastern Cape. Apleni was a member of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) and served as the party's provincial treasurer from November 2022 until May 2023. He was previously the party's provincial secretary from 2015 until 2018 when he was elected deputy provincial chairperson.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Chéché
Chéché or Ché Ché  is a village in the Gabú Region of north-eastern Guinea-Bissau. It lies on the south of the Corubal River, to the south of Canjadude.
The river crossing was the site of the Cheche Disaster of 6 February 1969, in which about 50 Portuguese soldiers drowned in an accident when their ferry tipped over.

Canjadude
Canjadude is a village in the Gabú sector of the Gabú Region in north-eastern Guinea-Bissau. It lies to the south of Uelíngarà. Canjadude, along with Catió and other camps were besieged by the Portuguese in 1973.
James Reuel Smith
James Reuel Smith (1852–1935) was an American photographer and amateur historian who worked in the late 19th century to early 20th century. He was known for his documentary photographs of historical springs and wells in New York City before they were buried beneath the concrete of the rapidly growing city. Many of these natural water resources disappeared as the New York municipal water system developed.

Smith's photographs documented a vanishing way of life in urban America. Drawing and fetching water had been an essential activity of daily life prior to the development of the modern municipal water system. In the 1870s New York City undertook efforts to eradicate the natural open wells and springs as they were perceived to be hazardous to health. The official municipal source for city water was the Croton Aqueduct which was endorsed by the NYC sanitation officers, rather than local neighborhood wells and springs.

Croton Aqueduct
The Croton Aqueduct or Old Croton Aqueduct was a large and complex water distribution system constructed as part of the New York City water supply system between 1837 and 1842. The aqueducts, which were among the first in the United States, carried water by gravity 41 miles (66 km) from the Croton River in Westchester County to reservoirs in Manhattan. It was built because local water resources had become polluted and inadequate for the growing population of New York City. Although the aqueduct was largely superseded by the New Croton Aqueduct, which was built in 1885-1890, the Old Croton Aqueduct remained in service until 1955.
Progeny (film)
Progeny is a 1998 American science fiction film. It was directed by Brian Yuzna and written by Aubrey Solomon and Stuart Gordon. The film stars Arnold Vosloo as Dr. Craig Burton, Jillian McWhirter as Sherry Burton, Brad Dourif as Dr. Bert Clavell and Lindsay Crouse as Dr. Susan Lamarche.

Brad Dourif
Bradford Claude Dourif (/ˈdɔːrɪf/; born March 18, 1950) is an American actor. He is known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Billy Bibbit in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), portraying Gríma Wormtongue in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), and voicing Chucky in the Child's Play franchise (1988–present).

Brad Dourif's other film credits include Wise Blood (1979), Heaven's Gate (1980), Ragtime (1981), Dune (1984), Blue Velvet (1986), Mississippi Burning (1988), The Exorcist III (1990), Alien Resurrection (1997), Halloween (2007) and its 2009 sequel. He also appeared in many television series, notably Deadwood (2004–2006, 2019), for which he received Primetime Emmy Award and Satellite Award nominations for his portrayal of Amos "Doc" Cochran.
Hacienda League
The Hacienda League is a high school athletic league that is part of the CIF Southern Section. Member schools are located in the eastern San Gabriel Valley. Rowland High School, Diamond Bar High School and Bonita High School left the league after the 2013–14 school year, and Chino High School joined from the Palomares League.

Diamond Bar High School
Diamond Bar High School (DBHS) is a public high school located in Diamond Bar, California, as part of the Walnut Valley Unified School District.

Diamond Bar High School's mascot is the Brahma, and the school colors are purple and gold. Diamond Bar High School students participate in programs such as Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB). During the school year, DBHS received an Academic Performance Index of 870, and 97% of students passed the California High School Exit Exam in 2008-2009. Most of Diamond Bar High School's students come from Chaparral Middle School and South Pointe Middle School, both located in Diamond Bar.
Architecture of Chennai
Chennai architecture is a confluence of many architectural styles. From ancient Tamil temples built by the Pallavas, to the Indo-Saracenic style (pioneered in Madras) of the colonial era, to 20th-century steel and chrome of skyscrapers. Chennai has a colonial core in the port area, surrounded by progressively newer areas as one travels away from the port, punctuated with old temples, churches and mosques.

As of 2014, Chennai city, within its corporation limits covering 426 sq km, has about 625,000 buildings, of which about 35,000 are multi-storied (with four and more floors). Of these, nearly 19,000 are designated as commercial ones.

Fort St. George
Fort St. George (or historically, White Town) is a fortress at the coastal city of Chennai, India. Founded in 1639, it was the first English (later British) fortress in India. The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land. Thus, it is a feasible contention to say that the city (named Madras since before the arrival of the Europeans until July 1996) evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings.
Xploded Music
Xploded Music is a British record label set up by Cris Nuttall and Matt Cadman. The label is a joint venture with Universal, and has developed from their previous partnership with the All Around the World dance music label. All Around the World (also known as AATW) originated in Blackburn  and has had success with artists such as N-Trance, Cascada, Scooter, Dannii Minogue, Armin van Buuren, Lost Frequencies, N-Dubz, Loud Luxury, Skepta, Starley, Yolanda Be Cool, and many more. AATW also owned & operated four music TV channels; Clubland TV, and three Now Music-branded channels - Now 70s, Now 80s and Now 90s, all of which are now fully owned by Universal.

Now 80s
NOW 80s is a British free-to-air music television channel, focusing exclusively on playing music from the 1980s. The channel launched in its current form on 27 December 2016, initially as a temporary pop-up rebrand of Now Music, previously a contemporary pop channel. The 80s format was subsequently made permanent.
Siege of Haddington
The sieges of Haddington were a series of sieges staged at the Royal Burgh of Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, as part of the War of the Rough Wooing, one of the last Anglo-Scottish Wars. Following Regent Arran's defeat at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on Saturday 10 September 1547, he captured the town of Haddington. The intention was to form a network of mutually supporting English forts in lowland Scotland. The English forces built artillery fortifications and were able to withstand an assault by the besieging French and Scots troops supported by heavy cannon in July 1548. Although the siege was scaled down after this unsuccessful attempt, the English garrison abandoned the town on 19 September 1549, after attrition by Scottish raids at night, sickness, and changing political circumstance.

Battle of Pinkie
The Battle of Pinkie, also known as the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh (/kl(j)ux/), took place on 10 September 1547 on the banks of the River Esk near Musselburgh, Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns, it was part of the conflict known as the Rough Wooing. It was a catastrophic defeat for Scotland, where it became known as "Black Saturday". A highly detailed and illustrated English account of the battle and campaign authored by an eyewitness William Patten was published in London as propaganda four months after the battle.
Area codes 813 and 656
Area codes 813 and 656 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan for the U.S. state of Florida in the city of Tampa, Florida, and its surrounding areas, such as Zephyrhills and Oldsmar. In 2022, due to exhaustion of central office prefixes, area code 656 was added to the service area forming an overlay complex.

Oldsmar, Florida
Oldsmar is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,898. The Oldsmar name dates to April 12, 1916, when automobile pioneer Ransom E. Olds purchased 37,541 acres (151.92 km2) of land north of Tampa Bay to establish a planned community.
2024 Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup
The 2024 Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup, officially referred to as the 17th Filoil EcoOil ECJ Preseason Cup, was the seventeenth edition of the collegiate basketball tournament organized by Filoil EcoOil Sports. The tournament began on May 11, 2024 and is contested by all 18 teams from the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The tournament concluded on June 12, 2024. All games are held at the Filoil EcoOil Centre in San Juan.

On May 10, 2024, Filoil EcoOil Sports announced that the 17th Preseason Cup would be named after late sports patron Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. The trophy in which the eventual champions will receive is also renamed as the ECJ Cup.

The UP Fighting Maroons enter this tournament as the defending Preseason Cup champions. UP would then go on in successfully defend their title in the championship game after defeating the De La Salle Green Archers in a 69–66 come-from-behind win.

UP Fighting Maroons
The UP Fighting Maroons are the collegiate varsity teams of the University of the Philippines Diliman. The teams play in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), the Philippines' premier college sports league.

UP is one of four member-universities that participate in all 15 sporting events of the league.
Huntingtower (film)
Huntingtower is a 1928 British silent adventure film, made at Cricklewood Studios. It was directed by George Pearson and starred Harry Lauder, Vera Voronina and Patrick Aherne. It was based on the 1922 novel Huntingtower by John Buchan. The film was fairly successful on its release.

Pat Aherne
Patrick de Lacy Aherne (6 January 1901 – 30 September 1970) was an English film actor. He was the son of the architect William de Lacy Aherne, and the elder brother of the actor Brian Aherne. The family lived at Kings Norton.

He was married to actress/comedian Renée Houston, with whom he adopted two children (Teri and Trevor) and had two children (Patrick Anthony and Alan Brian). Pat Aherne was a silent screen leading man, who was reduced to playing minor supporting roles after the transition to sound (due to hearing loss). His most notable on-screen appearances after 1930, were in Green Dolphin Street, Rocketship X-M and The Court Jester. He was a champion boxer and was in the first boxing film ever made. Pat was also a motorcycle trick rider and friend of Harley and Davidson.

Following death he donated his body to science.