hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Room 641A
37°47′07″N 122°23′48″W﻿ / ﻿37.78528°N 122.39667°W﻿ / 37.78528; -122.39667

Room 641A is a telecommunication interception facility operated by AT&T for the U.S. National Security Agency, as part of an American mass surveillance program. The facility commenced operations in 2003, and its purpose was publicly revealed by AT&T technician Mark Klein in 2006.

Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an American international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1990 to promote Internet civil liberties.

It provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use, and solicits a list of what it considers are abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers are without merit.
Panagiotis Spiliotopoulos
Panagiotis Spiliotopoulos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Σπηλιωτόπουλος; 1891–1962) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and held the post of Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff in 1946–1947, during the first stages of the Greek Civil War. He also served briefly as Minister of National Defence, Minister for Northern Greece and Secretary General of the Hellenic Red Cross.

Minister for National Defence (Greece)
The Minister for National Defence of Greece (Greek: Υπουργός Εθνικής Άμυνας, romanized: Ypourgós Ethnikī́s Ámynas) is a government minister responsible for the running of the Ministry of National Defence. The current minister is Nikos Dendias in the Second Cabinet of Kyriakos Mitsotakis.
Kids See Ghosts
Kids See Ghosts (stylized in all caps) were an American hip-hop superduo composed of rappers Kanye West and Kid Cudi. Formed during West's 2018 Wyoming sessions, the duo's first album Kids See Ghosts was released in June of that year by Def Jam Recordings, along with their respective label imprints, GOOD Music and Wicked Awesome Records. A critical and commercial success, the album peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200 and received gold certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Despite a planned sequel and television series, the duo disbanded in 2022 due to personal disagreements, and Cudi ended his affiliation with West in 2025.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Nirvendra Kumar Mishra
Nirvendra Kumar Mishra, also known as Munna, (1944/1945–2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Samajwadi Party and a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing Nighasan constituency. He died on 6 September 2020 in Lakhimpur Kheri.

Nighasan Assembly constituency
Nighasan  Assembly constituency is  one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  India. It is a part of the Lakhimpur Kheri district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Kheri Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 138.
Euler system
In mathematics, particularly number theory, an Euler system is a collection of compatible elements of Galois cohomology groups indexed by fields.  They were introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) in his work on Heegner points on modular elliptic curves, which was motivated by his earlier paper Kolyvagin (1988) and  the work of Thaine (1988).  Euler systems are named after Leonhard Euler because  the factors relating different elements of an Euler system resemble the Euler factors of an Euler product.

Euler systems can be used to construct annihilators of ideal class groups or Selmer groups, thus giving bounds on their orders, which in turn has led to deep theorems such as the finiteness of some Tate-Shafarevich groups. This led to Karl Rubin's new proof of the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory, considered simpler than the original proof due to Barry Mazur and Andrew Wiles.

Tate–Shafarevich group
In arithmetic geometry, the  Tate–Shafarevich group Ш(A/K) of an abelian variety A (or more generally a group scheme) defined over a number field K consists of the elements of the Weil–Châtelet group , where  is the absolute Galois group of K, that become trivial in all of the completions of K (i.e., the real and complex completions as well as the p-adic fields obtained from K by completing with respect to all its Archimedean and non Archimedean valuations v). Thus, in terms of Galois cohomology, Ш(A/K) can be defined as

This group was introduced by Serge Lang and John Tate and Igor Shafarevich. Cassels introduced the notation Ш(A/K), where Ш is the Cyrillic letter "Sha", for Shafarevich, replacing the older notation TS or TŠ.
1909 Chinese parliamentary election
The 1909 Chinese parliamentary election was an indirect election to the first imperial Advisory Council, a preparatory body of the parliament created under the constitutional reform bought by the late Qing dynasty. It was seen as the first popular election in Chinese history.

Originally 100 members, half of the seats in the council were to be elected by the members of the Provincial Consultative Assemblies, while the other half were appointed by the Emperor. Due to the fact the Provincial Consultative Assembly had not been set up in Sinkiang, the seats were reduced to 98.

Translations with bracketed Chinese text are for reference only.

Provincial assemblies (Qing dynasty)
The Provincial assemblies (simplified Chinese: 咨议局; traditional Chinese: 諮議局) were provincial advisory institutions established in 1909 in each province during the Constitutional Movement of the late Qing dynasty.

According to the Regulation of the Consultative Bureau, the meetings of the Bureau were divided into two types: regular meetings and temporary meetings.
Russell Smith (Australian politician)
Russell Harold Lester Smith (born 22 November 1946) is an Australian politician. He was a Liberal Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1988 to 2003, representing the electorate of Bega.

Smith was a farmer and businessman before entering state politics. He had also served as a councillor and deputy president of both the Bombala Council and the Monaro County Council. Smith was preselected as the Liberal candidate for the newly re-established safe Liberal seat of electoral district of Bega at the 1988 election and was easily elected. He was re-elected three more times, and retired at the 2003 election, when he was succeeded by Andrew Constance.

Electoral district of Bega
Bega is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Michael Holland of the Labor Party.

Bega is a regional electorate in the southeastern corner of the state. It encompasses the entirety of Bega Valley Shire and Eurobodalla Shire. Its population centres include Bega, Tathra, Merimbula, Eden, Bemboka, Eurobodalla Shire, Moruya, Batemans Bay and Narooma.
Harlan Hodges
Harlan Crews Hodges (November 11, 1902 – June 6, 1994) was an American college basketball coach and educator. He was the head coach at Murray State (1948–54) and Idaho (1954–59), then became a high school administrator.

Idaho Vandals men's basketball
The Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represents the University of Idaho, located in Moscow, Idaho, in NCAA Division I basketball competition. They currently compete in the Big Sky Conference. The Vandals are coached by Alex Pribble and play home games at the new Idaho Central Credit Union Arena, which opened in 2021. The Vandals have appeared four times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 1990.

The program's two most notable seasons were in 1962–63 and 1981–82. The Vandals went 20–6 in 1963 and featured future hall of famer Gus Johnson. The 1982 team (27–3) was ranked sixth in both polls at the end of the regular season, repeated as regular season and conference tournament champions, and reached the Sweet Sixteen of the NCAA tournament.
Mario Bergara (politician)
Mario Esteban Bergara Duque (born 4 May 1965) is a Uruguayan economist, accountant and politician serving as Intendant of Montevideo since 2025. A member of the Broad Front, he previously served as Senator of the Republic in the 49th Legislature, as president of the Central Bank of Uruguay between 2008–2013 and again from 2015–2018, and as minister of Economy and Finance from 2013 to 2015.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Uruguay)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas) of Uruguay is a ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for administering, improving and strengthening the finance of Uruguay through certain competent bodies. This secretary of state is responsible for accounting for the profits of a country through imports and exports. It is also responsible for requesting and paying loans, and for administering the money that is spent on the different state distributions, for which the National Budget is presented to the Parliament.
Broadmeadows railway station, Melbourne
Broadmeadows station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne and V/Line railway station on the Craigieburn line, the regional Seymour and Albury lines, and the NSW TrainLink Southern line. It serves the northern suburb of Broadmeadows in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Broadmeadows is a ground level premium station featuring three side platforms. Platforms 1 and 2 are used for broad gauge Metro and V/Line services, while Platform 3 is used for standard gauge V/Line and NSW TrainLink services. The station opened on 1 February 1873, with the current station provided in 1990.

Train stabling facilities are located to the north of the station.

NSW TrainLink
NSW TrainLink is a regional train and coach operator in Australia, providing services throughout New South Wales and into the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Its primary services are spread across five major rail lines, operating out of Sydney.

NSW TrainLink was formed on 1 July 2013 when RailCorp was restructured and CountryLink was merged with the intercity services of CityRail.

Announced in May 2025, following extensive negotiations, it has been agreed that Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink will become one entity during the life of the new three-year enterprise agreement pending membership approval.
Geoff Bascand
Geoff Bascand is a New Zealand statistician, who was the Deputy Governor and Head of Operations at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. He was Government Statistician and the Chief Executive of Statistics New Zealand until May 2013. Bascand is a graduate of the University of Otago and the Australian National University with a BA (Honours) degree in Geography and a master's degree in Economics.

Reserve Bank of New Zealand
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) (Māori: Te Pūtea Matua) is the central bank of New Zealand. It was established in 1934 and is currently constituted under the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act 2021. The current governor of the Reserve Bank, Anna Breman, is responsible for New Zealand's currency and operating monetary policy.
Nikuala
Nikuala (c. 1839-1896) was a Lushai chief of the Zahau clan in the eastern Lushai Hills which are in modern-day Mizoram in India. He was adopted by Vanhnuailiana and settled between the Mizos and the Chins and weakened the hold of Chin chiefs. Nikuala was victorious in keeping out the Chins and Lai from entering Mizoram. The British would capture Nikuala after the Chin-Lushai Expedition.

Vanhnuailiana
Vanhnuailiana (English: Vonolel; lit. 'the greatest of all under the skies'; c. 1800 - 1871) was the chief of the Eastern Lushai Hills. Vanhnuailiana expanded his influence over the Sukte and Poi tribes in the east and attempted incursions into Naga territories in Manipur. He was considered the most powerful chief in the Eastern Lushai Hills until his death in 1871. He presided over several conflicts during his period of chieftainship.
1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota
The 1942 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 3, 1942. Incumbent Republican Joseph H. Ball, who had been temporarily appointed by Governor Harold Stassen in 1940 to fill the seat of the deceased Farmer–Labor U.S. Senator Ernest Lundeen, defeated Farmer–Labor former U.S. Senator and former Governor Elmer Benson, independent candidate Martin A. Nelson, and Democratic nominee Ed Murphy, to win election to the full six-year term beginning in January 1943. A special election held on the same date elected Republican nominee Arthur E. Nelson to serve the remainder of Lundeen's unexpired term.

Following his 1940 appointment and subsequent election, Ball ultimately served the longest tenure of any Senator only elected once.

Governor of Minnesota
The governor of Minnesota is the head of government of the state of Minnesota, leading the state's executive branch. Forty people have been governor of Minnesota, and previously three of Minnesota Territory. Alexander Ramsey, the first territorial governor, also served as state governor several years later.  State governors are elected to office by popular vote; territorial governors were appointed to the office by the United States president. The current governor of Minnesota is Tim Walz of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL), affiliated with the Democratic Party.
Nelly Núñez
Nelly Núñez Zegarra (16 November 1948 – 10 May 2021) was a Bolivian nurse and politician who served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from Oruro, representing circumscription 32 from 2010 to 2015.

Núñez emigrated from her hometown of Pulacayo, Potosí, to metropolitan Oruro when she was still an infant. She worked for a short while as a nurse at the city's general hospital but stepped aside to allow her husband to become the sole breadwinner, while she raised their children as a housewife.

Entering politics later in life, Núñez integrated the ranks of Conscience of Fatherland and held control of the party's affiliate branch in Oruro. She suffered two defeats in her efforts to enter parliament until the party's dissolution led her to seek out a new front. Núñez joined the Movement for Socialism in 2003 and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies representing the party in 2009. She was not nominated for reelection.

Oruro
Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation), about halfway between La Paz and Sucre in the Altiplano, approximately 3,709 meters (12,169 ft) above sea level.

It is Bolivia's fifth-largest city by population, after Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, La Paz, and Cochabamba. It is the capital of the Department of Oruro and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oruro. Oruro has been subject to cycles of boom and bust owing to its dependence on the mining industry, notably tin, tungsten, silver and copper.
Langford, Essex
Langford is a village and civil parish at the west end of the Dengie peninsula close to Maldon in the English county of Essex. It is part of the Wickham Bishops and Woodham ward of the Maldon district. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 207. Langford shares a grouped parish council with the neighbouring parish of Ulting.

Its name is derived from the "long ford", referring to the crossing of the River Blackwater that the village grew up around.

Maldon District
Maldon District is a local government district in Essex, England. The district is managed by Maldon District Council, which is based in Maldon, the largest town in the district. The district also includes the town of Burnham-on-Crouch and numerous villages, including Heybridge, Wickham Bishops, Southminster, Tolleshunt D'Arcy and Tollesbury. The district covers the Dengie peninsula to the south of Maldon and the Thurstable Hundred area to the north of the Blackwater Estuary, a total area of 358.78 km2.

The majority of people live in the small rural villages, many of which have their origins in connections with the coast or agricultural economy. The district has a long association with sailing, as is referenced in the council's logo.
Hendron, Kentucky
Hendron is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 4,774 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Paducah, KY-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Paducah, Kentucky
Paducah (/pəˈduːkə/ ⓘ pə-DOO-kə) is a home rule-class city in the Upland South, and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States. The most populous city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located in the Southeastern United States at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Missouri, to the northwest and Nashville, Tennessee, to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,137, up from 25,024 in 2010. Twenty blocks of the city's downtown have been designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Paducah is the principal city of the Paducah metropolitan area, which includes McCracken, Ballard, Carlisle and Livingston counties in Kentucky and Massac County in Illinois.  The total population of the metro area was 103,481 in 2020.  The Paducah–Mayfield combined statistical area had a total population of 140,138.
History of Sambalpur
Sambalpur is a district of Odisha. Sambalpur city is the headquarter of Sambalpur district. It is named after the presiding Sambhal to Sambalpur. Sambalpur is an ancient settlement which at its earliest was a part of Dakshin Kosala. It was thus decided that it was established around 5000 BC. Sambalpur was the dwelling place of the Sabara tribes and the Hirakud was the only source of diamond in ancient times. From its establishment to its dissolution into the British Empire, it was known as the Hirakhand Kingdom probably due to its diamond mines. Sambalpur is the cultural capital of Western Odisha.

Western Odisha
20°35′N 84°28′E﻿ / ﻿20.58°N 84.47°E﻿ / 20.58; 84.47
Western Odisha is the western part of the state of Odisha in India, extending from the Kalahandi district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the north.
Jerri Duce
Jerri Duce, also known as Jerri Duce Phillips, (born 1951) is a nine-time Canadian barrel racing champion. She was the first Canadian woman to qualify for the National Finals Rodeo (1975) in the United States and was the first woman inducted into the Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame (1997). She also performed as a trick rider and stunt rider. She was inducted into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 2010 and runs a horseback riding school.

Alberta Sports Hall of Fame
The Alberta Sports Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada, dedicated to the preservation and history of sports within the province. It was created in 1957 by the Alberta Amateur Athletic Union (AAAU). The museum was eventually taken over by Sport Alberta in 1973 when the AAAU ceased operations. It has been maintained by the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum Society since 1997. The first permanent display for the Hall of Fame was established in Edmonton in 1962. The museum relocated between Edmonton and Calgary on numerous occasions until settling in Red Deer in 1999.
Thomas E. Wells
Sir Thomas Edmund Wells, 3rd Baronet (January 28, 1855 – August 4, 1910) was a British American business magnate and cattle baron. He was a member of the Chicago Board of Trade before leading one of the largest meat-packing companies in the United States. He was also one of the founders of the Quaker Oats Company.

Born and raised in Birmingham, England, Wells immigrated to the United States as a teenager in 1870. During the Gilded Age, he worked as a corporate executive in the American financial services and food industry. In 1890, he founded Rush Creek Ranch in Nebraska and established his trading firm, T. E. Wells & Co., in 1902. After becoming a multi-millionaire, Wells returned to England in 1904, inherited a baronetcy in 1906, and lived in retirement at his estate until his death in 1910.

Quaker Oats Company
The Quaker Oats Company, known as Quaker, is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago, Illinois. As Quaker Mill Company, the company was founded in 1877 in Ravenna, Ohio. In 1881, Henry Parsons Crowell bought the company and launched a national advertising campaign for Quaker Oats.

In 1911, the company acquired the Great Western Cereal Company. The iconic cylindrical package was introduced in 1915. The company's logo, which depicts a Quaker man, has had several iterations.

In 1983, Quaker acquired Stokely-Van Camp, Inc., the maker of Van Camp's and Gatorade. In 2001, PepsiCo bought Quaker Oats for $14 billion, primarily to acquire the Gatorade brand.
Caiaphas
Joseph ben Caiaphas (/ˈkaɪ.ə.fəs/; c. 14 BC – c. 46 AD) was the High Priest of Israel during the first century. In the New Testament, the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and John indicate he was an organizer of the plot to kill Jesus. He is portrayed as presiding over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus. The primary sources for Caiaphas' life are the New Testament and the writings of Josephus. The latter records he was made high priest by the Roman procurator Valerius Gratus after Simon ben Camithus had been deposed.

High Priest of Israel
The High Priest of Israel  (Hebrew: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, romanized: kohēn gaḏol, lit. 'great priest')  was the head of the kohanim (Israelite priesthood). He played a unique role in the worship conducted in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as in some non-ritual matters. Like all priests, he was required to be descended from Aaron, the first priest in the Torah. But unlike other priests, the high priest followed more restrictive laws, wore unique priestly garments, and was the only priest allowed to perform certain ceremonies.

There is still a Samaritan High Priest, but in Judaism, the High Priesthood is defunct.
Bearbrick (TV series)
Bearbrick (stylized as BE@RBRICK) is an animated musical comedy television series produced by DreamWorks Animation Television and Dentsu Entertainment for Apple TV+. The series was developed by Meghan McCarthy and is based on the brand of collectible designer toys of the same name by MediCom Toy. It was released on March 21, 2025.

Dentsu
Dentsu Group Inc., simply known as Dentsu, stylized as dentsu, is a Japanese international advertising and public relations joint stock company headquartered in Tokyo. Dentsu is the largest advertising agency in Japan and the fifth largest advertising agency network in the world in terms of worldwide revenues.

In 2018, Dentsu announced its reorganization into a holding company and as a result, most of the company's functions (including its advertising business) moved to a new company under the Dentsu name and the existing company rebranding to the Dentsu Group name, the changes took effect by January 1, 2020.