hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Mathematical Olympiad selection process
This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university.

Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen.

Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as assisting with team selection.

United States of America Mathematical Olympiad
The United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) is a highly selective high school mathematics competition held annually in the United States. Since its debut in 1972, it has served as the final round of the American Mathematics Competitions. In 2010, it split into the USAMO and the United States of America Junior Mathematical Olympiad (USAJMO).

Top scorers on both six-question, nine-hour mathematical proof competitions are invited to join the Mathematical Olympiad Program to compete and train to represent the United States at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
Testerep
Testerep (or Ter Streep) once comprised an island along the Belgian coast. It existed as early as the 5th century. From the 10th century Fishing villages were scattered about, including Ostend and Westende, with Ostend on the far east (Oost-ende: east-end), Westende on the far west (West-ende: west-end), and Middelkerke (literally "middle-church") the middle of the island.

Middelkerke
Middelkerke (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmɪdəlˌkɛrkə]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders, on the North Sea, west of Ostend. The municipality comprises the villages of Leffinge, Lombardsijde, Mannekensvere, Middelkerke proper, Schore, Sint-Pieters-Kapelle, Slijpe, Westende and Wilskerke. On January 1, 2006, Middelkerke had a total population of 17,841. The total area is 75.65 km2 which gives a population density of 236 inhabitants per km2.

The first reference of 'Middelkerca' is found in 1218. Before 1876 it mainly was a farming settlement.

In 1902, Middelkerke became the world's first municipality to have their drinking water disinfected by continuous chlorination.
Westerford High School
Westerford High School is a public English medium co-educational high school situated in the suburbs of Rondebosch and Newlands in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

It has a campus in Rondebosch where the main school buildings are located and a secondary campus in Newlands used for sport. The school is located close to the Newlands Rugby Ground and Table Mountain. The school opened on 21 January 1953 and celebrated its Diamond Jubilee on 7 March 2013.

Westerford enjoys a prominent position in the local community, hosting visits from key figures within South Africa such as the then President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela and guest speakers such as former Minister of Education Kader Asmal and political cartoonist Jonathan Shapiro.

In 2009, Westerford High School was ranked by the Sunday Times newspaper as the top state school in South Africa and one of the largest feeder schools for the University of Cape Town.

Rondebosch
Rondebosch is one of the Southern Suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. It is primarily a residential suburb, with shopping and business districts as well as the main campus of the University of Cape Town.
Atonsu (Ashanti Region)
Atonsu is a suburb of Kumasi in the Asokwa Municipal District and Asokwa Constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana which have Hon. Patricia Appiagyei as its member of parliament. The landfill site is situated nearby to the suburb Agogo, as well as near Ahinsan.

Atonsu is also a community in the Sekyere Central District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.

Ashanti Region
The Ashanti Region is located in the southern part of Ghana and is the third largest of 16 administrative regions, occupying a total land surface of 24,389 km2 (9,417 sq mi) and making up 10.2 percent of the total land area of Ghana. It is the most populated region in Ghana, with a population of 5,440,463 according to the 2021 census, accounting for around one-sixth of Ghana's total population. The Ashanti Region is known for its gold bar and cocoa production. The largest city and capital of Ashanti is Kumasi.
Seddon Vincent
Victor Seddon Vincent (1 June 1908 – 9 November 1964) was an Australian politician. Born at Leonora, Western Australia, he was educated at Scotch College in Perth, and then the University of Western Australia, becoming a barrister. He practiced in Kalgoorlie from 1931. After serving in World War II (1939-1945), he was a member of Kalgoorlie Municipal Council, and President of the Kalgoorlie Chamber of Commerce. In 1949, he was elected to the Australian Senate as a Liberal Senator for Western Australia. He held the seat until his death in 1964; Peter Sim was appointed to replace him.

Town of Kalgoorlie
The Town of Kalgoorlie was a local government area in Western Australia, centred on the town of Kalgoorlie.

It was established as the Municipality of Kalgoorlie on 15 February 1895. It was renamed the Town of Kalgoorlie on 1 July 1961.

The municipality was responsible for the construction of the Kalgoorlie Town Hall as its new headquarters in 1907-09, which replaced earlier municipal chambers in Brookman Street.

It amalgamated with the Shire of Boulder to form the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder on 15 April 1989.
Vermont's at-large congressional district
Vermont has been represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single at-large congressional district since the 1930 census, when the state lost its second seat, obsoleting its 1st and 2nd congressional districts. There were once six districts in Vermont, all of which were eliminated after various censuses.

Bernie Sanders (Independent) held the seat from 1991 until 2007, when he became a U.S. senator. Democrat Peter Welch, who succeeded Sanders in 2007, represented the state until 2023, when he was elected to succeed Patrick Leahy in the Senate. Progressive Democrat Becca Balint was elected to succeed Welch in the House for the 118th Congress. Balint is the first woman and LGBT person to represent Vermont, making Vermont the last state to be represented in Congress by a woman.

1930 United States census
The 1930 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.

It was the first time the effects of suburban sprawl were recorded when, during the Roaring Twenties, a significant portion of the working population of New York City moved to New Jersey, aided by the George Washington Bridge which permitted quick transport from the state to Manhattan.
Baildsa
Baildsa is a band from Thessaloniki, Greece. Founded in 2007, the band performs gypsy punk, reggae and ska together with balkan elements. Baildsa's sound includes vocals, guitar, bass guitar, drums as well as trumpets and accordion. They have so far toured in Greece, Bulgaria,  Albania, and Turkey. Their first album, United States of Balkans, was released in October 2011, and can be downloaded for free from the band's website.  Baildsa are currently recording their second album, which is going to be announced in the beginning of 2014. Georgia Myridakis of fridge.gr comments on Baildsa's eclectic sound - "Elements, influences and sounds, not lined up in a row, but assembled one by one and all joined together, creating an enthusiastic and very entertaining music.

Balkan music
Balkan music is a type of music found in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. In its broadest sense, it encompasses a variety of music styles across the countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, as well as in European Turkey. The music is characterised by complex rhythm. Famous bands in Balkan music include Taraf de Haïdouks, Fanfare Ciocărlia, and No Smoking Orchestra.
Health Education England
Health Education England (HEE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health and Social Care. Its function is to provide national leadership and coordination for the education and training within the health and public health workforce within England. It has been operational since June 2012.

In November 2021 it was announced that the organisation would be merged with NHS England by April 2023. It was suggested that this would make responsibilities for workforce planning much clearer and make it easier to develop the workforce strategy needed to meet current and future demand for services.

The merger was completed in April 2023, and HEE become the new Workforce, Training and Education Directorate within the national NHS England organisation.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Collingwood School
Collingwood School is an independent, non-denominational, co-educational, university-preparatory school founded in 1984. Located in West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, it delivers the British Columbia Ministry of Education curriculum from Junior Kindergarten to Grade 12.

West Vancouver
West Vancouver is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. A member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District, West Vancouver is situated on the north shore of Burrard Inlet to the northwest of the city of Vancouver. With the District of North Vancouver and the City of North Vancouver, West Vancouver is part of a regional grouping known as the North Shore municipalities. It is among the wealthiest municipalities in Canada by average household net worth.

West Vancouver is home to the Horseshoe Bay ferry terminal, one of the main transportation hubs connecting the British Columbia mainland and Vancouver Island, and to much of Cypress Provincial Park.
Melvin Ejim
Melvin Obinna Ejim (born March 4, 1991) is a Nigerian-Canadian professional basketball player for Força Lleida of the Liga ACB. He played college basketball for the Iowa State Cyclones before playing professionally in Italy, Russia and Spain, as well as the NBA G League.

Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball
The Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represents Iowa State University (ISU) and competes in the Big 12 Conference of NCAA Division I. The Cyclones play their home games at Hilton Coliseum on Iowa State's campus.
Liane G. Benning
Liane G. Benning is a biogeochemist studying mineral-fluid-microbe interface processes. She is a Professor of Interface Geochemistry at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. Her team studies various processes that shape the Earth Surface with a special focus on two aspects: the nucleation, growth and crystallisation of mineral phases from solution and the role, effects and interplay between microbes and minerals in extreme environments. She is also interested in the characterisation of these systems, developing in situ and time resolved high resolution imaging and spectroscopic techniques to follow microbe-mineral reactions as they occur.

GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
The GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (formerly Helmholtz Centre Potsdam – GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences), or just GFZ, is the national research center for Earth Sciences in Germany. Located in the Albert Einstein Science Park on the hill of Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Brandenburg, GFZ is part of the Helmholtz Association of National Research Centres.

"GFZ" stands for GeoForschungsZentrum (Geo-research Centre).
The Flash season 4
The fourth season of the American television series The Flash, which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows Barry, having returned from his self-imposed stay in the Speed Force, as he faces down Clifford DeVoe / Thinker. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of Arrow. The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment with Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing as showrunners.

The season was ordered in January 2017 and filming began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons and are joined by Neil Sandilands. The series was renewed for a fifth season on April 2, 2018.

Aaron and Todd Helbing
Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing are American sibling screenwriters who had formerly worked as a team. They are known for their work on the Starz series Spartacus and Black Sails, and for The CW superhero drama The Flash. They stopped writing together after Season 3 of The Flash, splitting into separate careers.

The Helbings are known for their ability to blend high-stakes drama with superhero tropes, often incorporating emotional depth into their characters while maintaining the action and spectacle expected from genre shows.
Yeliz Açar
Yeliz Açar (born 19 December 1997) is a women's football defender who plays for Turkish Super League club Fatih Vatan. Born in Turkey, she represents Azerbaijan internationally. She previously played for her country of birth women's national under-17 team.

Fatih Vatan S.K.
Fatih Vatan Spor Kulübü is a women's football team based in Fatih, Istanbul. The team completed the 2016–17 season of Turkish Women's Second Football League as champion, and were promoted to the Turkish Women's First Football League.
George Jones Sings Like the Dickens!
George Jones Sings Like The Dickens! is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1964 on United Artists Records, his last album with that label. It is tribute to the music of Little Jimmy Dickens.

Little Jimmy Dickens
James Cecil Dickens (December 19, 1920 – January 2, 2015), better known by his stage name Little Jimmy Dickens, was an American country music singer and songwriter famous for his humorous novelty songs, his small size (4'10" [150 cm]), and his rhinestone-studded outfits (which he is given credit for introducing into live country music performances). He started as a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1948 and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1983. Before his death, he was the oldest living member of the Grand Ole Opry.
Earl Leland Smith
Earl Leland "Smitty" Smith (1895–1973) worked in aviation from his first flight in 1921 to his retirement in 1952. He worked as a pilot, flight instructor, and mechanic for numerous aviation companies throughout his career. He was also a tester for the National Bureau of Standards and an investigator for the Civil Aeronautics Board. Smith died in November 1973.

Smith is best known for commandeering the first rail-air flight across the US. He flew over mountains, which was a path deemed dangerous at the time, to demonstrate that a flight-rail path from East to West Coasts was possible.

He partnered with Bud Baker, another pilot, and started an airline: "It was in August 1929 that Bud and I started what is now United Air Lines."

His first accident occurred on September 1, 1931. Skillful at both flying and repairing planes, Smith was a pilot for major airlines like Eastern Air Transport and Condor Peruana de Aviniacion and a founder of his own mechanic shop in the early 1930s.

Aero Cóndor
Aero Cóndor S.A., also known as Aero Cóndor Peru, was an airline based in Lima, the capital of Peru. It was founded and started operations in 1975, and provides domestic charter flights, cargo, scenic, and air ambulance services. Its main hub is Jorge Chávez International Airport in Lima.
Demetri Psaltis
Demetri Psaltis (Greek: Δημήτρης Ψάλτης) is a Greek-American electrical engineer who was the Dean of the School of Engineering at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne from 2007 to 2017. Since 2024 he is a professor emeritus at EPFL. He is one of the founders of the term and the field of optofluidics. He is also well known for his past work in holography, especially with regards to optical computing, holographic data storage, and neural networks. He is an author of over 1100 publications, contributed more than 20 book chapters, invented more than 50 patents, and currently has a h-index of 105.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Mastodonsauroidea
The Mastodonsauroidea are an extinct superfamily of temnospondyl amphibians known from the Triassic.  Fossils belonging to this superfamily have been found in North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Ferganobatrachus from the Jurassic of Asia was initially assigned to this superfamily, but is now considered to be congeneric with the brachyopid Gobiops.

Gobiops
Gobiops is an extinct genus of temnospondyl from the Jurassic of Mongolia, China, and possibly Kyrgyzstan. The genus is represented by a single species, Gobiops desertus. It was named in 1991 from the Late Jurassic Shar Teeg Beds of Mongolia. Additional material was described in 2005 from the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the Junggar Basin of China. Gobiops belongs to the family Brachyopidae. The poorly known genus Ferganobatrachus, named in 1990 from Shar Teeg, is probably synonymous with Gobiops.

Paleontology portal
Marshall's pygmy chameleon
Marshall's pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon marshalli), also called commonly Marshall's leaf chameleon, Marshall's dwarf chameleon, and Marshall's stumptail chameleon, is a species of lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is native to the forests of Zimbabwe and Mozambique in Africa. It grows to a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 3.5–7.5 cm (1.4–3.0 in) and feeds on insects. When staying still, it resembles a leaf on a branch.

Flap-necked chameleon
The flap-necked chameleon (Chamaeleo dilepis) is a species of arboreal chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is native to sub-Saharan Africa. There are eight recognized subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Jagdgeschwader 72
Jagdgeschwader 72 "Westfalen" (Fighter Wing 72 "Westphalia") is a former fighter wing of the Luftwaffe and was stationed at Hopsten Air Base. The unit was originally established as Jagdbombergeschwader 36 (Fighter-Bomber Wing 36) and converted into a wing squadron in 1991. After being decommissioned on January 31, 2002, the wing's 2nd Squadron was maintained as the F-4F Flight Training Center until mid-2006.

Rheine-Hopsten Air Base
Rheine-Hopsten Air Base is a former German Air Force military airfield, located 9.3 km north east of Rheine in Westphalia, Germany.  The runway was closed in 2005 with the retirement of the F-4F Phantom II aircraft.
Edwin A. Pollock
Edwin Allen Pollock (21 March 1899 – 5 November 1982) was a United States Marine Corps General and a highly decorated combat veteran of World War II and Korea; he commanded both the 1st and 2d Marine Divisions and is the only man to have served as commanding general of both the Atlantic and Pacific Fleet Marine Force. He had been advanced to the rank of general upon retirement by reason of having been specially commended in combat.

Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic
The Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic (FMFLANT) is an American maritime landing force that is spread across the Atlantic Ocean.  It is headquartered at Naval Station Norfolk and directs and commands all the subordinate elements of the Navy Expeditionary Strike Force and Marine Air-Ground Task Force components that follow under the 2nd, 4th, and 6th Fleet and the Marine Forces Command (MarForCom).  The Commanding General of Marine Forces Command is dual-posted as the Commanding General of the Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic. FMFLANT is under operational control of the Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet Forces Command, when deployed.
Kipling Trail
Kipling Trail (also known as Kipling Road) is the old walking route that connects Dehradun with the hill station of Mussoorie in India. It was the only means of reaching Mussoorie before the cart roads, for tongas, or roads for automobiles were constructed. It is named after the English novelist Rudyard Kipling, who is believed to have walked the trail in the 1880s, though there is no definite evidence. The trail fell out of use when cars or buses became the preferred mode of transport, but the route is being revived by nature, colonial history and hiking enthusiasts.

Mussoorie
Mussoorie (Hindi: [məsuːɾiː]) is a hill station and a municipal board in the Dehradun district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the state capital of Dehradun and 300 km (190 mi) north of the national capital of New Delhi. The hill station is in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour, which includes a military cantonment, is considered part of "greater Mussoorie", as are the townships Barlowganj and Jharipani.

Mussoorie is at an average altitude of 2,001 metres (6,565 ft). To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Doon Valley and Sivalik Hills ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over 2,258 m (7,408 ft). Mussoorie is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills.

There were 3.02 million (30.23 lac) travellers to Mussoorie in 2019.